FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Lewis, R Lin, MH Wang, YD Cooper, J Bradley, P Radebaugh, R Huber, M Lee, YC AF Lewis, Ryan Lin, M. -H. Wang, Yunda Cooper, Jill Bradley, Peter Radebaugh, Ray Huber, Marcia Lee, Y. C. TI Performance Analysis of an Integrated Micro Cryogenic Cooler and Miniature Compressor for Cooling to 200 K SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB Joule-Thomson (J-T) based micro cryogenic coolers (MCCs) are attractive because they can provide the cryogenic temperatures needed for small electronic devices while having a low cost and small volumetric footprint. A compressor is a major part of a cryogenic system, but so far J-T based MCCs have not used miniature or microscale compressors. This work demonstrates a J-T based MCC coupled with a miniature compressor for cooling to 200 K, with precooling of 273 K, using a custom hydrocarbon mixture as refrigerant. The compressor is formed by coupling a miniature piston oscillator built for stirling coolers with a micromachined check valve assembly. The MCC is formed by glass fibers within a capillary forming a counter flow heat exchanger, and a silicon and glass chip forming a J-T valve. Minimum temperatures of 166 K have been observed in transient, and stable temperatures of 200 61 K have been observed for >1 h. Some insight is given into the unstable performance in terms of intermittent liquid accumulation. The coefficient of performance is analyzed for the system, and it is found that most of the inefficiencies arise at the compressor. C1 [Lewis, Ryan; Lin, M. -H.; Wang, Yunda; Cooper, Jill; Lee, Y. C.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bradley, Peter; Radebaugh, Ray; Huber, Marcia] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lewis, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU DARPA Micro Cryogenic Cooler Program [NBCHC060052, W31P4Q-10-10004] FX This work is supported by the DARPA Micro Cryogenic Cooler Program with Grant Nos. NBCHC060052 and W31P4Q-10-10004. The authors express their appreciation to Mr. Ben Britton and Mr. Peter Davis for their support for testing. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1948-5085 EI 1948-5093 J9 J THERM SCI ENG APPL JI J. Therm. Sci. Eng. Appl. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 5 IS 3 AR 031003 DI 10.1115/1.4023307 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA V40YX UT WOS:000209515000003 ER PT J AU Buller, DB Berwick, M Shane, J Kane, I Lantz, K Buller, MK AF Buller, David B. Berwick, Marianne Shane, James Kane, Ilima Lantz, Kathleen Buller, Mary Klein TI User-centered development of a smart phone mobile application delivering personalized real-time advice on sun protection SO TRANSLATIONAL BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Sun safety; Smart phones; Focus groups; Usability testing; Formative research; User-centered design AB Smart phones are changing health communication for Americans. User-centered production of a mobile application for sun protection is reported. Focus groups (n=16 adults) provided input on the mobile application concept. Four rounds of usability testing were conducted with 22 adults to develop the interface. An iterative programming procedure moved from a specification document to the final mobile application, named Solar Cell. Adults desired a variety of sun protection advice, identified few barriers to use and were willing to input personal data. The Solar Cell prototype was improved from round 1 (seven of 12 tasks completed) to round 2 (11 of 12 task completed) of usability testing and was interoperable across handsets and networks. The fully produced version was revised during testing. Adults rated Solar Cell as highly user friendly (mean=5.06). The user-centered process produced a mobile application that should help many adults manage sun safety. C1 [Buller, David B.; Shane, James; Kane, Ilima; Buller, Mary Klein] Klein Buendel Inc, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Berwick, Marianne] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Lantz, Kathleen] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Buller, DB (reprint author), Klein Buendel Inc, 1667 Cole Blvd,Suite 225, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM dbuller@kleinbuendel.com OI Berwick, Marianne/0000-0001-5062-2180 FU NCI NIH HHS [HHSN261200900025C, HHSN261201100108C] NR 74 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 12 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1869-6716 EI 1613-9860 J9 TRANSL BEHAV MED JI Transl. Behav. Med. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 3 IS 3 BP 326 EP 334 DI 10.1007/s13142-013-0208-1 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V39LQ UT WOS:000209412900016 PM 24058385 ER PT J AU Hamadani, BH Roller, J Kounavis, P Zhitenev, NB Gundlach, DJ AF Hamadani, B. H. Roller, J. Kounavis, P. Zhitenev, N. B. Gundlach, D. J. TI Modulated photocurrent spectroscopy of CdTe/CdS solar cells equivalent circuit analysis SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE Photovoltaics; Modulated photocurrent; PV; CdTe cells; Electro-optical characterization; Dynamic response ID BACK-CONTACT; DEEP-LEVEL; ADMITTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; RECOMBINATION; SEMICONDUCTORS; THICKNESS; VOLTAGE; DEVICES; STATES; IMPS AB Modulated photocurrent spectroscopy was used to investigate the dynamic response of charge carrier transport in thin film CdTe/CdS solar cells. The impact of light bias and temperature over a broad excitation frequency range were measured. The observed features of the data, including a photocurrent 'phase-lead' and a 'phase-lag' over different regions of the frequency spectrum, were explored in the context of an equivalent circuit model. Comparisons between the model's predicted performance and the measured data suggest that charge carrier recombination at the cell's back metal/semiconductor contact is the main source of photocurrent loss in these devices. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hamadani, B. H.; Roller, J.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kounavis, P.] Univ Patras, Sch Engn, Dept Engn Sci, Patras 26504, Greece. [Zhitenev, N. B.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gundlach, D. J.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hamadani, BH (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM behrang.hamadani@nist.gov RI Zhitenev, Nikolai/N-1780-2014 FU Engineering Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Howard Yoon of NIST's Physical Measurements Laboratory for useful discussions and providing calibrated reference detectors, and Professor R. Collins of the University of Toledo for providing additional CdTe samples that showed similar behavior to the results presented with our own samples. They also thank Dr. Paul Haney, and Brian Dougherty of NIST and Professor J. R. Sites of Colorado States University for useful discussions and correspondence. This work was primarily supported by the Engineering Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 EI 1879-3398 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD SEP PY 2013 VL 116 BP 126 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.solmat.2013.04.011 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 191PP UT WOS:000322425400018 ER PT J AU Maiersperger, TK Scaramuzza, PL Leigh, L Shrestha, S Gallo, KP Jenkerson, CB Dwyer, JL AF Maiersperger, T. K. Scaramuzza, P. L. Leigh, L. Shrestha, S. Gallo, K. P. Jenkerson, C. B. Dwyer, J. L. TI Characterizing LEDAPS surface reflectance products by comparisons with AERONET, field spectrometer, and MODIS data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Landsat; Reflectance; LEDAPS; MODIS ID LANDSAT TM DATA; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; VALIDATION; AEROSOL; SENSORS; CALIBRATION; RADIANCE; NETWORK; FUSION; ETM+ AB This study provides a baseline quality check on provisional Landsat Surface Reflectance (SR) products as generated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center using Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System (LEDAPS) software. Characterization of the Landsat SR products leveraged comparisons between aerosol optical thickness derived from LEDAPS and measured by Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), as well as reflectance correlations with field spectrometer and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. Results consistently indicated similarity between LEDAPS and alternative data products in longer wavelengths over vegetated areas with no adjacent water, while less reliable performance was observed in shorter wavelengths and sparsely vegetated areas. This study demonstrates the strengths and weaknesses of the atmospheric correction methodology used in LEDAPS, confirming its successful implementation to generate Landsat SR products. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Maiersperger, T. K.; Scaramuzza, P. L.] US Geol Survey, SGT Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Leigh, L.; Shrestha, S.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Gallo, K. P.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Jenkerson, C. B.] US Geol Survey, ERT Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Dwyer, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Jenkerson, CB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, ERT Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM jenkerson@usgs.gov RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010; OI Dwyer, John/0000-0002-8281-0896 FU NASA Terrestrial Ecology program; NASA ACCESS; USGS Landsat Program; USGS Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM); [G10PC00044] FX The original LEDAPS software was developed by Eric Vermote, Nazmi El Saleous, Jonathan Kutler, and Robert Wolfe with support from the NASA Terrestrial Ecology program (PI: Jeff Masek). The version used in this study was adapted by Feng Gao (GSFC/ERT Corp.) with support from the NASA ACCESS and the USGS Landsat Program. The EROS on-demand processing system was developed by John Dwyer (USGS), David Hill (Information Dynamics), Jason Werpy (Information Dynamics), Adam Dosch (ERT Corp.), and Tom Maiersperger (SGT, Inc.) with support from the USGS Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM). This work was performed under contract G10PC00044. The University of Arizona contributed ground data from the Railroad Valley and Ivanpah sites. NR 32 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 136 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2013.04.007 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 186PC UT WOS:000322055600001 ER PT J AU Jonsson, P Gaigalas, G Bieron, J Fischer, CF Grant, IP AF Jonsson, P. Gaigalas, G. Bieron, J. Fischer, C. Froese Grant, I. P. TI New version: GRASP2K relativistic atomic structure package SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Relativistic atomic structure calculations; Multi-configurational wavefunctions; Energy levels; Transition probabilities; Quantum electrodynamic corrections; Zeeman effect; Hyperfine structure; Isotope shift ID COEFFICIENTS; PROGRAM AB A revised version of GRASP2K [P. Jonsson, X. He, C. Froese Fischer, I.P. Grant, Comput. Phys. Commun. 177 (2007) 597] is presented. It supports earlier non-block and block versions of codes as well as a new block version in which the njgraf library module [A. Bar-Shalom, M. Klapisch, Comput. Phys. Commun. 50 (1988) 375] has been replaced by the librang angular package developed by Gaigalas based on the theory of [G. Gaigalas, Z.B. Rudzikas, C. Froese Fischer, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 30 (1997) 3747, G. Gaigalas, S. Fritzsche, I.P. Grant, Comput. Phys. Commun. 139 (2001) 263]. Tests have shown that errors encountered by njgraf do not occur with the new angular package. The three versions are denoted v v2, and v3, respectively. In addition, in v3, the coefficients of fractional parentage have been extended to j = 9/2, making calculations feasible for the lanthanides and actinides. Changes in v2 include minor improvements. For example, the new version of rci2 may be used to compute quantum electrodynamic (QED) corrections only from selected orbitals. In v3, a new program, jj21sj, reports the percentage composition of the wave function in LSJ and the program rlevels has been modified to report the configuration state function (CSF) with the largest coefficient of an LSJ expansion. The biosc12 and biosc13 application programs have been modified to produce a file of transition data with one record for each transition in the same format as in ATSP2K [C. Froese Fischer, G. Tachiev, G. Gaigalas, M.R. Godefroid, Comput. Phys. Commun. 176 (2007) 559], which identifies each atomic state by the total energy and a label for the CSF with the largest expansion coefficient in LSJ intermediate coupling. All versions of the codes have been adapted for 64-bit computer architecture. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jonsson, P.] Malmo Univ, Grp Mat Sci & Appl Math, S-20506 Malmo, Sweden. [Gaigalas, G.] Vilnius Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Bieron, J.] Uniwersytet Jagiellonski Reymonta 4, Inst Fizyki Imienia Mariana Smoluchowskiego, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. [Fischer, C. Froese] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Fischer, C. Froese] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Grant, I. P.] Math Inst, Oxford OX1 3LB, England. RP Jonsson, P (reprint author), Malmo Univ, Grp Mat Sci & Appl Math, S-20506 Malmo, Sweden. EM per.jonsson@mah.se RI Jonsson, Per/L-3602-2013 OI Jonsson, Per/0000-0001-6818-9637 FU Swedish Institute; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (MNiSW) [N N202 014140]; European Regional Development Fund in the framework of the Polish Innovation Economy Operational Program [POIG.02.01.00-12-023/08] FX PJ, GG, and JB acknowledge support from the Visby program of the Swedish Institute. JB, acknowledges support by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (MNiSW) in the framework of the project No. N N202 014140 awarded for the years 2011-2014 as well as by the European Regional Development Fund in the framework of the Polish Innovation Economy Operational Program (contract no. POIG.02.01.00-12-023/08). NR 14 TC 101 Z9 103 U1 4 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 184 IS 9 BP 2197 EP 2203 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2013.02.016 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 180NS UT WOS:000321602500018 ER PT J AU Olson, W Emmenegger, E Glenn, J Simchick, C Winton, J Goetz, F AF Olson, Wendy Emmenegger, Eveline Glenn, Jolene Simchick, Crystal Winton, Jim Goetz, Frederick TI Expression kinetics of key genes in the early innate immune response to Great Lakes viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus IVb infection in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Viral hemorrhagic septicemia; Great Lakes; Yellow perch; Innate immune response ID SERUM-AMYLOID-A; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; MX CDNA; MOLECULAR-CLONING; DNA VACCINATION AB The recently discovered strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, VHSV-IVb, represents an example of the introduction of an extremely pathogenic rhabdovirus capable of infecting a wide variety of new fish species in a new host-environment. The goal of the present study was to delineate the expression kinetics of key genes in the innate immune response relative to the very early stages of VHSV-IVb infection using the yellow perch (Perca flavescens) as a model. Administration of VHSV-IVb by IP-injection into juvenile yellow perch resulted in 84% cumulative mortality, indicating their high susceptibility to this disease. In fish sampled in the very early stages of infection, a significant up-regulation of Mx gene expression in the liver, as well as IL-1 beta and SAA activation in the head kidney, spleen, and liver was directly correlated to viral load. The potential down-regulation of Mx in the hematopoietic tissues, head kidney and spleen, may represent a strategy utilized by the virus to increase replication. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Olson, Wendy] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Freshwater Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. [Emmenegger, Eveline; Winton, Jim] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Glenn, Jolene] Seattle Biomed Res Inst, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Simchick, Crystal; Goetz, Frederick] NOAA, Manchester Res Stn, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. RP Goetz, F (reprint author), NOAA, Manchester Res Stn, 7305 E Beach Dr, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. EM rick.goetz@NOAA.gov FU University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute from the National Sea Grant College Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce [NA06OAR4170011, NA10OAR4170070, R/AQ-44, R/AQ-41]; ARS/USDA CRIS [58-3655-9-748, 3655-31320-002-00D] FX This work was funded in part by the University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute under grants from the National Sea Grant College Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce, federal grant numbers NA06OAR4170011 and NA10OAR4170070, project numbers R/AQ-44 and R/AQ-41. This work was also supported, in part, by a Specific Cooperative Agreement (#58-3655-9-748) under ARS/USDA CRIS #3655-31320-002-00D. The views contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the US Government. This article has been peer reviewed and approved for publication consistent with USGS Fundamental Science Practices (http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1367/). Mention of trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This manuscript is submitted for publication with the understanding that the US Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes. The authors greatly acknowledge the assistance of Doug Immerman, Jacob Bill, Ben Wiedenman and Erin Weber in rearing perch for the study. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 41 IS 1 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2013.03.012 PG 9 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 173PM UT WOS:000321091400002 PM 23529011 ER PT J AU Hollowed, AB Planque, B Loeng, H AF Hollowed, Anne Babcock Planque, Benjamin Loeng, Harald TI Potential movement of fish and shellfish stocks from the sub-Arctic to the Arctic Ocean SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Arctic Ocean; Barents Sea; Bering Sea; biogeography; climate change; fish; fisheries; migration ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; WHITING MICROMESISTIUS-POUTASSOU; OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; CRAB CHIONOECETES-OPILIO; FUTURE CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; BARENTS SEA; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; IMPACTS AB An assessment of the potential for 17 fish or shellfish stocks or stock groups to move from the sub-Arctic areas into the Arctic Ocean was conducted. A panel of 34 experts was convened to assess the impact of climate change on the potential movement of the 17 stocks or stock groups. The panel considered the exposure of species to climate change, the sensitivity of species to these changes and the adaptive capacity of each stock or stock group. Based on expert opinions, the potential for expansion or movement into the Arctic was qualitatively ranked (low potential, potential, high potential). It is projected that the Arctic Ocean will become ice-free during the summer season, and when this happens new areas will open up for plankton production, which may lead to new feeding areas for fish stocks. Five stocks had a low potential to move to, or expand in, the high Arctic. Six species are considered as potential candidate species to move to, or expand in, the high Arctic. Six stocks had a high potential of establishing viable resident populations in the region. These six stocks exhibit life history characteristics that allow them to survive challenging environmental conditions that will continue to prevail in the north. This study suggests that several life history factors should be considered when assessing the potentiality of a species moving in response to changing climate conditions. C1 [Hollowed, Anne Babcock] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Planque, Benjamin] Inst Marine Res, N-9294 Tromso, Norway. [Loeng, Harald] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. RP Hollowed, AB (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Anne.Hollowed@noaa.gov RI Planque, Benjamin/D-2729-2013 OI Planque, Benjamin/0000-0002-0557-7410 FU NPRB BSIERP FX We are grateful to the scientists that attended the ICES/PICES workshop on Biological Consequences of a Decrease in Sea Ice in Arctic and Sub-Arctic Seas, held on 22 May 2011 in Seattle, WA. These scientists provided expert advice that informed this analysis. We thank ICES and PICES for support for invited speakers during that workshop and we thank the ESSAS symposium steering committee for their support and encouragement to hold the workshop. We thank Michael Sigler and Thomas Wilderbuer for constructive comments that improved this manuscript. The findings and conclusions of this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. This project was supported by NPRB BSIERP and is BEST/BSIERP publication #92. NR 117 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 10 U2 97 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 22 IS 5 BP 355 EP 370 DI 10.1111/fog.12027 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 183MU UT WOS:000321821000002 ER PT J AU Muhling, BA Smith, RH Vasquez-Yeomans, L Lamkin, JT Johns, EM Carrillo, L Sosa-Cordero, E Malca, E AF Muhling, Barbara A. Smith, Ryan H. Vasquez-Yeomans, Lourdes Lamkin, John T. Johns, Elizabeth M. Carrillo, Laura Sosa-Cordero, Eloy Malca, Estrella TI Larval fish assemblages and mesoscale oceanographic structure along the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE biological oceanography; ichthyoplankton assemblages; Mesoamerican Reef ID CORAL-REEF; CARIBBEAN SEA; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; GENETIC CONNECTIVITY; SPAWNING AGGREGATION; ELEOTRID FISHES; CIRCULATION; POPULATIONS; VARIABILITY; SETTLEMENT AB The Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (MBRS) is of high ecological and economic importance to the western Caribbean region, and contains spawning sites for a number of reef fish species. Despite this, little is known of the distribution and transport of pelagic fish larvae in the area, and basic in situ information on larval fish assemblages is lacking. Here we describe the results of two biological oceanography research cruises conducted in winter-spring of 2006 and 2007, focusing on larval fish assemblages. We use multivariate assemblage analyses to examine vertical and horizontal distribution characteristics of larval fish assemblages, to highlight key distinguishing taxa, and to relate these to the observed oceanographic structure. Our results showed a general separation between the Gulf of Honduras region, which was characterized by weaker currents and high abundances of inshore and estuarine taxa (Eleotridae, Priacanthidae), and the northern MBRS, which was subject to strong northward flow and contained a mixture of mesopelagic and reef-associated taxa (Myctophidae, Sparidae). Although distinct patterns of vertical distribution were observed among taxa, both shallow and deep living larvae were broadly distributed throughout the study area. Analysis of historical drifter tracks highlighted the strong northward flow and low retention conditions typically present along the northern MBRS, as well as potential connectivity between the western Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. C1 [Muhling, Barbara A.; Malca, Estrella] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Smith, Ryan H.; Johns, Elizabeth M.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Vasquez-Yeomans, Lourdes; Carrillo, Laura; Sosa-Cordero, Eloy] El Colegio Frontera Sur, Dept Ecol & Sistemat Acuat, Chetmal 77014, Quintana Roo, Mexico. [Lamkin, John T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Muhling, BA (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM barbara.muhling@noaa.gov RI Johns, Elizabeth/I-3547-2013; Smith, Ryan/A-5706-2011 OI Johns, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2181-5052; Smith, Ryan/0000-0001-9824-6989 FU NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program [1244] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the AOML Global Drifter Program, for the historical drifter data, and MEXBOL, for genetic identifications of fish larvae. We also thank R. Lumpkin for valuable assistance with processing of drifter data, S. Morales for sorting and identification of fish larvae, and R. Cowen for advice on data processing. The authors also thank the captain and crew of the NOAA ship Gordon Gunter. This work was partially funded by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program #1244. We also thank the two anonymous referees, whose comments significantly improved the manuscript. NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 22 IS 5 BP 409 EP 428 DI 10.1111/fog.12031 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 183MU UT WOS:000321821000006 ER PT J AU Deroba, JJ Schueller, AM AF Deroba, Jonathan J. Schueller, Amy M. TI Performance of stock assessments with misspecified age- and time-varying natural mortality SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Natural mortality; Stock assessment; Simulation ID VIRTUAL POPULATION ANALYSIS; PREDATION MORTALITY; ASSESSMENT MODELS; GEAR SELECTIVITY; ANALYSIS VPA; FISH; DYNAMICS; SIZE; GROWTH; ERRORS AB Natural mortality (M) in fish likely varies with age (size) and among years, and while M is often assumed constant over these factors in stock assessments, several methods have been applied to estimate age- or year-specific values. Including age- or time-varying M in stock assessments, however, may not produce less biased parameter estimates, despite the increased realism. Two generic fish populations (long- and short-lived) subject to size- and year-varying M were simulated, along with data used to fit statistical catch-at-age (SCAA) models. The SCAA models assumed M was constant, age-varying, or year-varying, and the bias in estimates of spawning stock biomass (SSB), fully selected fishing mortality (F), and recruitment was recorded. The scale and trends among years in the bias of parameter estimates were generally driven by how the true values of M varied among years and how M was treated in the SCAA model. Bias was unaffected by how fishing mortality rates varied among years. The scale and trends among years in the bias of parameter estimates were generally similar when specifying a constant M and an age-varying M in the SCAA model. Using an annually varying M in the SCAA model generally improved the scale, and reduced trends among years in the bias of parameter estimates relative to constant M and age-varying M. Trends among years in bias were generally more pronounced for estimates of SSB than recruitment for long-lived life history simulations, but the opposite was true for short-lived life history simulations. These results suggested that the biases induced by not accounting for age-variation in M are likely secondary to those caused by the misspecification of temporal trends (trend and annual fluctuations in this case) in M. More time should be dedicated to accounting for temporal shifts in M than accounting for age-variation in M. The consequences of misspecification of M may also partially depend on life history. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Deroba, Jonathan J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Schueller, Amy M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Deroba, JJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jonathan.deroba@noaa.gov; amy.schueller@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service Stock and Habitat Assessment Working Groups FX We are grateful to Al Seaver and his work with the National Fisheries Toolbox (http://nft.nefsc.noaa.gov/). Chris Legault, Dan Hennen, and Larry Jacobson provided valuable insights into the design and interpretation of the study and results. Rick Methot, Paul Rago, Fred Serchuk, and Kyle Shertzer provided comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This research was supported by funding from the National Marine Fisheries Service Stock and Habitat Assessment Working Groups. We thank the two anonymous reviewers and associate editor for comments that improved this manuscript. NR 36 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 146 BP 27 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.03.015 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 172UX UT WOS:000321031500004 ER PT J AU DeRose, PC Smith, MV Anderson, JR Kramer, GW AF DeRose, Paul C. Smith, Melody V. Anderson, Jeffrey R. Kramer, Gary W. TI Characterization of standard reference material 2944, Bi-ion-doped glass, spectral correction standard for red fluorescence SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE Fluorescence; Instrument qualification; Bi glass; Spectral correction; SRM; Standards ID LUMINESCENCE; BISMUTH AB Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2944 is a cuvette-shaped, Bi-ion-doped glass, recommended for optimal use for relative spectral correction of emission from 590 nm to 805 nm and day-to-day performance verification of steady-state fluorescence spectrometers. Properties of this standard that influence its effective use or contribute to the uncertainty in its certified emission spectrum were explored here. These properties include its photostability, absorbance, dissolution rate in water, anisotropy and temperature coefficient of fluorescence intensity. The expanded uncertainties (k=2) in the certified spectrum are about 4% around the nominal peak maximum at 704 nm and increase to about 6% at the wings, using an excitation wavelength of 515 nm. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [DeRose, Paul C.; Smith, Melody V.; Anderson, Jeffrey R.; Kramer, Gary W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP DeRose, PC (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paul.derose@nist.gov NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 141 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2013.02.055 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 168DS UT WOS:000320686500003 ER PT J AU Xue, XW Hong, Y Limaye, AS Gourley, JJ Huffman, GJ Khan, SI Dorji, C Chen, S AF Xue, Xianwu Hong, Yang Limaye, Ashutosh S. Gourley, Jonathan J. Huffman, George J. Khan, Sadiq Ibrahim Dorji, Chhimi Chen, Sheng TI Statistical and hydrological evaluation of TRMM-based Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis over the Wangchu Basin of Bhutan: Are the latest satellite precipitation products 3B42V7 ready for use in ungauged basins? SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE CREST model; A-priori parameter estimation; Hydrologic modeling evaluation; Precipitation estimation ID MODEL EVALUATION; ANALYSIS TMPA; RAINFALL; EQUIFINALITY; UNCERTAINTY; CLASSIFICATION; PREDICTION; RESOLUTION; NETWORK; SYSTEM AB The objective of this study is to quantitatively evaluate the successive Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) products and further to explore the improvements and error propagation of the latest 3B42V7 algorithm relative to its predecessor 3B42V6 using the Coupled Routing and Excess Storage (CREST) hydrologic model in the mountainous Wangchu Basin of Bhutan. First, the comparison to a decade-long (2001-2010) daily rain gauge dataset reveals that: (1) 3B42V7 generally improves upon 3B42V6's underestimation both for the whole basin (bias from -41.15% to -8.38%) and for a 0.25 x 0.25 grid cell with high-density gauges (bias from -40.25% to 0.04%), though with modest enhancement of correlation coefficients (CC) (from 0.36 to 0.40 for basin-wide and from 0.37 to 0.41 for grid); and (2) 3B42V7 also improves its occurrence frequency across the rain intensity spectrum. Using the CREST model that has been calibrated with rain gauge inputs, the 3B42V6-based simulation shows limited hydrologic prediction NSCE skill (0.23 in daily scale and 0.25 in monthly scale) while 3B42V7 performs fairly well (0.66 in daily scale and 0.77 in monthly scale), a comparable skill score with the gauge rainfall simulations. After recalibrating the model with the respective TMPA data, significant improvements are observed for 3B42V6 across all categories, but not as much enhancement for the already-well-performing 3B42V7 except for a reduction in bias (from -26.98% to -4.81%). In summary, the latest 3B42V7 algorithm reveals a significant upgrade from 3B42V6 both in precipitation accuracy (i.e., correcting the underestimation) thus improving its potential hydrological utility. Forcing the model with 3B42V7 rainfall yields comparable skill scores with in situ gauges even without recalibration of the hydrological model by the satellite precipitation, a compensating approach often used but not favored by the hydrology community, particularly in ungauged basins. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xue, Xianwu; Hong, Yang; Khan, Sadiq Ibrahim; Chen, Sheng] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Xue, Xianwu; Hong, Yang] Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Limaye, Ashutosh S.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Off, ZP11, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Huffman, George J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Dorji, Chhimi] Minist Econ Affairs, Dept Hydromet Serv, Thimphu, Bhutan. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Suite 3630,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Huffman, George/F-4494-2014; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; Xue, Xianwu/C-8006-2016 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Huffman, George/0000-0003-3858-8308; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755; Xue, Xianwu/0000-0002-2106-6370 FU NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center [NNM11AB34P, NNMi2428088Q] FX The current study was supported by the NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center Grants NNM11AB34P and NNMi2428088Q to the University of Oklahoma. NR 39 TC 69 Z9 76 U1 5 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD AUG 30 PY 2013 VL 499 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.06.042 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 220RY UT WOS:000324605800009 ER PT J AU Compton, R Gerardi, HK Weidinger, D Brown, DJ Dressick, WJ Heilweil, EJ Owrutsky, JC AF Compton, Ryan Gerardi, Helen K. Weidinger, Daniel Brown, Douglas J. Dressick, Walter J. Heilweil, Edwin J. Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. TI Spectra and relaxation dynamics of the pseudohalide (PS) vibrational bands for Ru(bpy)(2)(PS)(2) complexes, PS = CN, NCS and N-3 SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Vibrational relaxation; Organometallics; Ultrafast infrared; Ruthenium polypyridine; Pseudohalide; Azide; Cyanide; Thiocyanate; Infrared spectroscopy ID TRANSFER EXCITED-STATES; ENERGY-GAP LAW; PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; REVERSE MICELLES; AZIDE ION; POLYPYRIDINE COMPLEXES; POPULATION RELAXATION; NANOCRYSTALLINE TIO2; CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE AB Static and transient infrared spectroscopy were used to investigate cis-Ru(bpy)(2)(N-3)(2) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), cis-Ru(bpy)(2)(NCS)(2), and cis-Ru(bpy)(2)(CN)(2) in solution. The NC stretching IR band for cis-Ru(bpy)(2) (NCS)(2) appears at higher frequency (similar to 2106 cm (1) in DMSO) than for the free NCS anion while the IR bands for the azide and cyanide complexes are closer to those of the respective free anions. The vibrational energy relaxation (VER) lifetime for the azide complex is found to be much shorter (similar to 5 ps) than for either the NCS or CN species (both similar to 70 ps in DMSO) and the lifetimes resemble those for each corresponding free anion in solution. However, for cis-Ru(bpy)(2)(N-3)(2), it is determined that the transition frequency depends more on the solvent than the VER lifetime implying that intramolecular vibrational relaxation is predominant over solvent energy-extracting interactions. These results are compared to the behavior of other related metal complexes in solution. (C) 2012 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Compton, Ryan; Gerardi, Helen K.; Owrutsky, Jeffrey C.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Weidinger, Daniel] SRA Int, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA. [Brown, Douglas J.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Dressick, Walter J.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Owrutsky, JC (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 6111,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jeff.Owrutsky@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory; NIST STRS; National Research Council FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory and by NIST STRS internal funding. R. C. and H. G. thank the National Research Council for administering the postdoctoral fellowship program at NRL. The authors thank Joseph F. Parker for assistance with the electrochemical measurements. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD AUG 30 PY 2013 VL 422 SI SI BP 135 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2012.11.015 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 216UF UT WOS:000324309600018 ER PT J AU von Bardeleben, HJ Cantin, JL Zhang, DM Richardella, A Rench, DW Samarth, N Borchers, JA AF von Bardeleben, H. J. Cantin, J. L. Zhang, D. M. Richardella, A. Rench, D. W. Samarth, N. Borchers, J. A. TI Ferromagnetism in Bi2Se3: Mn epitaxial layers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TOPOLOGICAL INSULATORS; SEMICONDUCTORS AB The magnetism in similar to 1 at% Mn-doped nanometric Bi2Se3 epitaxial layers has been studied by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), magnetometry, and polarized neutron reflectivity (PNR) measurements. The FMR results reveal the formation of an intrinsic homogeneous FM bulk phase, as confirmed by the PNR measurements. Its critical temperature is low: T-c approximate to 6 K; no surface magnetic phase is detected above this temperature. The FMR measurements at T = 4.2 K show a single uniform mode spectrum with a strong uniaxial in-plane/out-of-plane symmetry. The uniaxial anisotropy field at T = 4 K is H-a similar to - 2500 Oe, corresponding to a uniaxial anisotropy constant of -9 x 10(3) erg/cm(3). The easy axis of magnetization is oriented in the film plane for temperatures between 4 K and T-c. Conduction electron-mediated FM in this (very) diluted magnetic semiconductor is considered as the most probable origin of the FM phase formation. C1 [von Bardeleben, H. J.; Cantin, J. L.] Univ Paris 06, Inst Nanosci Paris INSP, F-75005 Paris, France. [Zhang, D. M.; Richardella, A.; Rench, D. W.; Samarth, N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Borchers, J. A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP von Bardeleben, HJ (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Inst Nanosci Paris INSP, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. RI Samarth, Nitin/C-4475-2014 OI Samarth, Nitin/0000-0003-2599-346X FU DARPA [N66001-11-1-4110]; ONR [N00014-12-1-0117]; Penn State Center for Nanoscale Science under the MRSEC program (NSF) [DMR-0820404]; Pennsylvania State University Materials Research Institute Nanofabrication Laboratory; National Science Foundation [ECS-0335765] FX This work was supported by DARPA (N66001-11-1-4110). We also acknowledge partial support from ONR (N00014-12-1-0117) and the Penn State Center for Nanoscale Science under the MRSEC program (NSF Grant No. DMR-0820404). This publication was also supported by the Pennsylvania State University Materials Research Institute Nanofabrication Laboratory and the National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement No. ECS-0335765. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 77 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 30 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 7 AR 075149 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.075149 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 208VR UT WOS:000323710000006 ER PT J AU Bishof, M Zhang, X Martin, MJ Ye, J AF Bishof, M. Zhang, X. Martin, M. J. Ye, Jun TI Optical Spectrum Analyzer with Quantum-Limited Noise Floor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER STABILIZATION; FREQUENCY STANDARDS; LATTICE CLOCK; DIODE-LASER; CAVITY; PRECISION; STABILITY; LINEWIDTH; SHAPE AB Interactions between atoms and lasers provide the potential for unprecedented control of quantum states. Fulfilling this potential requires detailed knowledge of frequency noise in optical oscillators with state-of-the-art stability. We demonstrate a technique that precisely measures the noise spectrum of an ultrastable laser using optical lattice-trapped Sr-87 atoms as a quantum projection noise-limited reference. We determine the laser noise spectrum from near dc to 100 Hz via the measured fluctuations in atomic excitation, guided by a simple and robust theory model. The noise spectrum yields a 26(4) mHz linewidth at a central frequency of 429 THz, corresponding to an optical quality factor of 1.6 x 10(16). This approach improves upon optical heterodyne beats between two similar laser systems by providing information unique to a single laser and complements the traditionally used Allan deviation which evaluates laser performance at relatively long time scales. We use this technique to verify the reduction of resonant noise in our ultrastable laser via feedback from an optical heterodyne beat. Finally, we show that knowledge of our laser's spectrum allows us to accurately predict the laser-limited stability for optical atomic clocks. C1 [Bishof, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bishof, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 FU DARPA QuASAR; NIST; NSF; NDSEG FX We thank R. Ozeri for stimulating discussions on dynamical decoupling and J. K. Thompson and Z. Chen for parallel work and discussions on the treatment of oscillator phase noise in the Bloch vector picture [19]. We thank T. L. Nicholson, B. J. Bloom, J. R. Williams, W. Zhang, and S. L. Campbell for useful discussions. We acknowledge funding support for this work by DARPA QuASAR, NIST, and NSF. M. B. acknowledges support from NDSEG. NR 29 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 30 PY 2013 VL 111 IS 9 AR 093604 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.093604 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 208XS UT WOS:000323716400003 PM 24033036 ER PT J AU von Hillebrandt-Andrade, C AF von Hillebrandt-Andrade, Christa TI Minimizing Caribbean Tsunami Risk SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Caribbean Tsunami Warning Program, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP von Hillebrandt-Andrade, C (reprint author), US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Caribbean Tsunami Warning Program, 259 Alfonso Valdes Residences 1B-2A, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. EM christa.vonh@noaa.gov NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 30 PY 2013 VL 341 IS 6149 BP 966 EP 968 DI 10.1126/science.1238943 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 208BZ UT WOS:000323652300028 PM 23990549 ER PT J AU Gargi, D Kline, RJ DeLongchamp, DM Fischer, DA Toney, MF O'Connor, BT AF Gargi, Deepak Kline, R. Joseph DeLongchamp, Dean M. Fischer, Daniel A. Toney, Michael F. O'Connor, Brendan T. TI Charge Transport in Highly Face-On Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Films SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; HIGH-MOBILITY; THIN-FILMS; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; REGIOREGULAR POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); CONJUGATED POLYMERS; MOLECULAR PACKING; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEPENDENCE; INTERFACES AB We report that the pi-stacking direction in poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) films can be made to orient strongly out-of plane by uniaxially straining films in orthogonal directions, providing a valuable opportunity to evaluate charge transport in a very unusual microstructure for this material. The structure of the films was characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, showing that unstrained films have a weakly edge-on stacking character with a large orientation distribution, whereas films strained biaxially by 100% in orthogonal directions have highly face-on stacking. In the biaxially strained films the face-on packing occurs while the P3HT long axis orientation is found to be only weakly anisotropic in-plane. Charge transport is characterized in an organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) configuration, showing that the saturated field effect mobility in the biaxially strained films is greater than that for unstrained films for channel lengths <= 10 mu m. The mobilities are found to have different channel-length dependence, attributed primarily to differences in the field-dependent charge-transport behavior, resulting in the mobility being comparable for channel lengths of 20 mu m. The results suggest that edge-on packing is not a prerequisite for relatively high-field-effect mobility in P3HT-based OTFTs. C1 [Gargi, Deepak; O'Connor, Brendan T.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kline, R. Joseph; DeLongchamp, Dean M.; Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Toney, Michael F.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP O'Connor, BT (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM brendan_oconnor@ncsu.edu RI O'Connor, Brendan/K-8640-2012; Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008 FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-1200340] FX This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CMMI-1200340. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a Directorate of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Stanford University. NR 39 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 7 U2 86 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 29 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 34 BP 17421 EP 17428 DI 10.1021/jp4050644 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 211OG UT WOS:000323917300006 ER PT J AU Karion, A Sweeney, C Petron, G Frost, G Hardesty, RM Kofler, J Miller, BR Newberger, T Wolter, S Banta, R Brewer, A Dlugokencky, E Lang, P Montzka, SA Schnell, R Tans, P Trainer, M Zamora, R Conley, S AF Karion, Anna Sweeney, Colm Petron, Gabrielle Frost, Gregory Hardesty, R. Michael Kofler, Jonathan Miller, Ben R. Newberger, Tim Wolter, Sonja Banta, Robert Brewer, Alan Dlugokencky, Ed Lang, Patricia Montzka, Stephen A. Schnell, Russell Tans, Pieter Trainer, Michael Zamora, Robert Conley, Stephen TI Methane emissions estimate from airborne measurements over a western United States natural gas field SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE methane; natural gas; emissions ID OZONE AB Methane (CH4) emissions from natural gas production are not well quantified and have the potential to offset the climate benefits of natural gas over other fossil fuels. We use atmospheric measurements in a mass balance approach to estimate CH4 emissions of 5515 x 10(3) kg h(-1) from a natural gas and oil production field in Uintah County, Utah, on 1 day: 3 February 2012. This emission rate corresponds to 6.2%-11.7% (1 sigma) of average hourly natural gas production in Uintah County in the month of February. This study demonstrates the mass balance technique as a valuable tool for estimating emissions from oil and gas production regions and illustrates the need for further atmospheric measurements to determine the representativeness of our single-day estimate and to better assess inventories of CH4 emissions. C1 [Karion, Anna; Sweeney, Colm; Petron, Gabrielle; Frost, Gregory; Hardesty, R. Michael; Kofler, Jonathan; Miller, Ben R.; Newberger, Tim; Wolter, Sonja] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Karion, Anna; Sweeney, Colm; Petron, Gabrielle; Frost, Gregory; Hardesty, R. Michael; Kofler, Jonathan; Miller, Ben R.; Newberger, Tim; Wolter, Sonja; Banta, Robert; Brewer, Alan; Dlugokencky, Ed; Lang, Patricia; Montzka, Stephen A.; Schnell, Russell; Tans, Pieter; Trainer, Michael; Zamora, Robert] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Conley, Stephen] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Sweeney, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Colm.Sweeney@noaa.gov RI Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Miller, Benjamin/0000-0003-1647-0122; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 FU Uintah Impact Mitigation Special Service District (UIMSSD); Western Energy Alliance; Bureau of Land Management (BLM); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); National Science Foundation (NSF); State of Utah FX This study would not have been possible without the support from participants of the 2012 Uintah Basin Winter Ozone and Air Quality Study, which was funded by Uintah Impact Mitigation Special Service District (UIMSSD), Western Energy Alliance, Bureau of Land Management (BLM), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Science Foundation (NSF), and the State of Utah. We thank Ken Davis (Pennsylvania State University), Christopher Fairall (NOAA/PSD), Kelly Sours, Molly Crotwell, Jack Higgs, Don Neff, Doug Guenther, Carolina Siso, and Chris Carparelli (University of Colorado and NOAA/ESRL) for their assistance and contributions to this project. NR 22 TC 132 Z9 135 U1 18 U2 110 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 16 BP 4393 EP 4397 DI 10.1002/grl.50811 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 219SI UT WOS:000324529000049 ER PT J AU Thompson, RL Dlugokencky, E Chevallier, F Ciais, P Dutton, G Elkins, JW Langenfelds, RL Prinn, RG Weiss, RF Tohjima, Y O'Doherty, S Krummel, PB Fraser, P Steele, LP AF Thompson, R. L. Dlugokencky, E. Chevallier, F. Ciais, P. Dutton, G. Elkins, J. W. Langenfelds, R. L. Prinn, R. G. Weiss, R. F. Tohjima, Y. O'Doherty, S. Krummel, P. B. Fraser, P. Steele, L. P. TI Interannual variability in tropospheric nitrous oxide SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE nitrous oxide; ENSO; interannual variability ID SEASONAL CYCLES; EMISSIONS; SOILS; TEMPERATURE; TRENDS; FLUXES; N2O AB Observations of tropospheric N2O mixing ratio show significant variability on interannual timescales (0.2ppb, 1 standard deviation). We found that interannual variability in N2O is weakly correlated with that in CFC-12 and SF6 for the northern extratropics and more strongly correlated for the southern extratropics, suggesting that interannual variability in all these species is influenced by large-scale atmospheric circulation changes and, for SF6 in particular, interhemispheric transport. N2O interannual variability was not, however, correlated with polar lower stratospheric temperature, which is used as a proxy for stratosphere-to-troposphere transport in the extratropics. This suggests that stratosphere-to-troposphere transport is not a dominant factor in year-to-year variations in N2O growth rate. Instead, we found strong correlations of N2O interannual variability with the Multivariate ENSO Index. The climate variables, precipitation, soil moisture, and temperature were also found to be significantly correlated with N2O interannual variability, suggesting that climate-driven changes in soil N2O flux may be important for variations in N2O growth rate. C1 [Thompson, R. L.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. [Dlugokencky, E.; Dutton, G.; Elkins, J. W.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Chevallier, F.; Ciais, P.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Langenfelds, R. L.; Krummel, P. B.; Fraser, P.; Steele, L. P.] CSIRO, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Prinn, R. G.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Weiss, R. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Tohjima, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [O'Doherty, S.] Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England. RP Thompson, RL (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Air Res, Inst Veien 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. EM rona.thompson@nilu.no RI Chevallier, Frederic/E-9608-2016; Tohjima, Yasunori/F-9975-2016; Langenfelds, Raymond/B-5381-2012; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Fraser, Paul/D-1755-2012; Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; OI Chevallier, Frederic/0000-0002-4327-3813; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Thompson, Rona/0000-0001-9485-7176 FU EU Seventh Research Framework Programme (MACC-II) [283576]; Norwegian Research Council (SOGG-EA) [193774]; NASA FX We are very grateful to S. Zaehle, L. Bopp, and W. Lahoz for their advice and to G. van der Werf for the use of GFED data. We also thank the many staff involved in air sample collection, analysis, instrument maintenance, calibration, and operation. This work was jointly financed by the EU Seventh Research Framework Programme (grant agreement 283576, MACC-II) and by the Norwegian Research Council (contract 193774, SOGG-EA). The AGAGE network is supported by grants from NASA to MIT and SIO. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 16 BP 4426 EP 4431 DI 10.1002/grl.50721 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 219SI UT WOS:000324529000055 ER PT J AU Suzuki, K Golaz, JC Stephens, GL AF Suzuki, Kentaroh Golaz, Jean-Christophe Stephens, Graeme L. TI Evaluating cloud tuning in a climate model with satellite observations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE aerosol indirect effect; cloud microphysics; model evaluation ID PARAMETERIZATIONS; RADAR AB This study examines the validity of a tunable cloud parameter, the threshold particle radius triggering the warm rain formation, in a climate model. Alternate values of the model's particular parameter within uncertainty have been shown to produce severely different historical temperature trends due to differing magnitude of aerosol indirect forcing. Three different threshold radii are evaluated against satellite observations in terms of the statistics depicting microphysical process signatures of the warm rain formation. The results show that the simulated temperature trend best matches to observed trend when the model adopts the threshold radius that worst reproduces satelliteobserved microphysical statistics and vice versa. This inconsistency between the bottomup processbased constraint and the topdown temperature trend constraint implies the presence of compensating errors in the model. C1 [Suzuki, Kentaroh; Stephens, Graeme L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Golaz, Jean-Christophe] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Suzuki, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 233-300,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM kentaro.suzuki@jpl.nasa.gov RI Suzuki, Kentaroh/C-3624-2011; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014 OI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435 FU NASA [NNX07AR11G, NNX09AJ45G] FX This study was carried out at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and supported by NASA grants NNX07AR11G and NNX09AJ45G. The CloudSat data products were provided by CloudSat Data Processing Center at CIRA/Colorado State University. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 16 BP 4464 EP 4468 DI 10.1002/grl.50874 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 219SI UT WOS:000324529000062 ER PT J AU Watson, MC Morriss-Andrews, A Welch, PM Brown, FLH AF Watson, Max C. Morriss-Andrews, Alex Welch, Paul M. Brown, Frank L. H. TI Thermal fluctuations in shape, thickness, and molecular orientation in lipid bilayers. II. Finite surface tensions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COARSE-GRAINED MODEL; MEMBRANE-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; FIXED PROJECTED AREA; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; FLUID MEMBRANES; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; CHANNEL LIFETIME; TILT; DEFORMATIONS AB We investigate the role of lipid chemical potential on the shape, thickness, and molecular orientation (lipid tilting relative to the monolayer surface normal) of lipid bilayers via a continuum-level model. We predict that decreasing the chemical potential at constant temperature, which is associated with an increase in surface tension via the Gibbs-Duhem relation, leads both to the well known reduction in thermal membrane undulations and also to increasing fluctuation amplitudes for bilayer thickness and molecular orientation. These trends are shown to be in good agreement with molecular simulations, however it is impossible to achieve full quantitative agreement between theory and simulation within the confines of the present model. We suggest that the assumption of lipid volume incompressibility, common to our theoretical treatment and other continuum models in the literature, may be partially responsible for the quantitative discrepancies between theory and simulation. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Watson, Max C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Watson, Max C.; Morriss-Andrews, Alex; Brown, Frank L. H.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Watson, Max C.; Welch, Paul M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Brown, Frank L. H.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Watson, MC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Welch, Paul/0000-0001-5614-2065 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory Institute for Multiscale Materials Studies under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; National Science Foundation [NSF CHE-0848809, CHE-1153096, CNS-0960316] FX Some computing time was provided by the Los Alamos National Laboratory Institutional Computing Program. Financial support was provided by the Los Alamos National Laboratory Institute for Multiscale Materials Studies, operated under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 and the National Science Foundation (NSF CHE-0848809, CHE-1153096, and CNS-0960316). F.L.H.B. is a Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar. NR 84 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 40 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2013 VL 139 IS 8 AR 084706 DI 10.1063/1.4818530 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 211RO UT WOS:000323928000064 PM 24007028 ER PT J AU Zhu, CJ Deng, L Hagley, EW AF Zhu, Chengjie Deng, L. Hagley, E. W. TI Linear and nonlinear Faraday rotations of light polarization in a four-level active-Raman-gain medium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY AB We investigate linear and nonlinear Faraday effects in a room-temperature, coherently driven four-level active-Raman-gain (ARG) medium. By using the multiple-scale method, we derive two nonlinear coupled envelope equations governing the dynamics of left-and right-polarized components of a linearly polarized probe field. Under the weak probe field approximation, we demonstrate a factor of four increase of the Faraday rotation angle by the linear and nonlinear response of the ARG scheme without probe field loss. We further compare this ARG system with an M-type five-state electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) scheme and demonstrate the superiority of the ARG scheme over the conventional EIT scheme. C1 [Zhu, Chengjie] E China Normal Univ, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Chengjie; Deng, L.; Hagley, E. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhu, CJ (reprint author), E China Normal Univ, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. FU NSF-China [10874043, 11174080]; Chinese Education Ministry Reward for Excellent Doctors in Academics [MXRZZ2010007] FX Chengjie Zhu acknowledges support by NSF-China under Grants No. 10874043 and No. 11174080, and by the Chinese Education Ministry Reward for Excellent Doctors in Academics under Grant No. MXRZZ2010007. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG 28 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 2 AR 023854 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.88.023854 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 208UD UT WOS:000323704900007 ER PT J AU Liu, JJ Li, ZQ Zheng, YF Chiu, JC Zhao, FS Cadeddu, M Weng, FZ Cribb, M AF Liu, Jianjun Li, Zhanqing Zheng, Youfei Chiu, J. Christine Zhao, Fengsheng Cadeddu, Maria Weng, Fuzhong Cribb, Maureen TI Cloud optical and microphysical properties derived from ground-based and satellite sensors over a site in the Yangtze Delta region SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE cloud properties; eastern China ID DROPLET EFFECTIVE RADIUS; LIQUID WATER PATH; VERTICAL VARIATION; DEPTH; MODIS; THICKNESS; RETRIEVALS; TEMPERATURE; CALIBRATION; RADIOMETER AB Comprehensive surface-based retrievals of cloud optical and microphysical properties were made at Taihu, a highly polluted site in the central Yangtze Delta region, during a research campaign from May 2008 to December 2009. Cloud optical depth (COD), effective radius (R-e), and liquid water path (LWP) were retrieved from measurements made with a suite of ground-based and spaceborne instruments, including an Analytical Spectral Devices spectroradiometer, a multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer, a multichannel microwave radiometer profiler, and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Terra and Aqua satellites. Retrievals from zenith radiance measurements capture better the temporal variation of cloud properties than do retrievals from hemispherical fluxes. Annual mean LWP, COD, and R-e are 115.890.8g/m(2), 28.519.2, and 6.94.2 mu m. Over 90% of LWP values are less than 250g/m(2). Most of the COD values (>90%) fall between 5 and 60, and similar to 80% of R-e values are less than 10 mu m. Maximum (minimum) values of LWP and R-e occur in summer (winter); COD is highest in winter and spring. Raining and nonraining clouds have significant differences in LWP, COD, and R-e. Rainfall frequency is best correlated with LWP, followed by COD and R-e. Cloud properties retrieved from multiple ground-based instruments are also compared with those from satellite retrievals. On average, relative to surface retrievals, mean differences of satellite retrievals in cloud LWP, COD, and R-e were -33.6g/m(2) (-26.4%), -5.8 (-31.4%), and 2.9 mu m (29.3%) for 11 MODIS-Terra overpasses and -43.3 g/m(2) (-22.3%), -3.0 (-10.0%), and -1.3 mu m (-12.0%) for 8 MODIS-Aqua overpasses, respectively. These discrepancies indicate that MODIS cloud products still suffer from large uncertainties in this region. C1 [Liu, Jianjun; Li, Zhanqing] Beijing Normal Univ, State Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Liu, Jianjun; Li, Zhanqing] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Liu, Jianjun; Li, Zhanqing; Zhao, Fengsheng; Cribb, Maureen] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, Jianjun; Li, Zhanqing; Zhao, Fengsheng; Cribb, Maureen] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, Jianjun; Zheng, Youfei] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Jiangsu Key Lab Atmospher Environm Monitoring & P, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Chiu, J. Christine] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. [Cadeddu, Maria] Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. RP Li, ZQ (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, State Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Xinjiekouwai St 19, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM zli@atmos.umd.edu RI Chiu, Christine/E-5649-2013; Liu, Jianjun/F-4673-2014; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010; Li, Zhanqing/F-4424-2010; Cribb, Maureen/K-1341-2013 OI Chiu, Christine/0000-0002-8951-6913; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179; Li, Zhanqing/0000-0001-6737-382X; Cribb, Maureen/0000-0002-9745-3676 FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2012AA120901, 2013CB955802, 2013CB955804]; National Science Foundation of China [41175019, 40637035]; U.S. National Science Foundation [AGS1118325]; Department of Energy [ER65319, DE-SC0006001]; NASA [NNX08AH71G]; Key University Science Research Project of Jiangsu Province [09KJA17004]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41075114]; Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This study was supported by numerous grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2012AA120901, 2013CB955802, 2013CB955804) and National Science Foundation of China (41175019,40637035) for Jianjun Liu, Fengsheng Zhao, and Zhanqing Li; the U.S. National Science Foundation (AGS1118325) for Zhanqing Li; Department of Energy (ER65319) and NASA (NNX08AH71G) for Zhanqing Li and Department of Energy (DE-SC0006001) for J. Christine Chiu; and the Key University Science Research Project of Jiangsu Province (09KJA17004) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (41075114) for Youfei Zheng. Argonne National Laboratory's work was supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 63 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 16 BP 9141 EP 9152 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50648 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 225AE UT WOS:000324933900027 ER PT J AU Fielding, MD Chiu, JC Hogan, RJ Feingold, G AF Fielding, Mark D. Chiu, J. Christine Hogan, Robin J. Feingold, Graham TI 3D cloud reconstructions: Evaluation of scanning radar scan strategy with a view to surface shortwave radiation closure SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE scanning radar; clouds; cloud reconstruction; radar sensitivity; shortwave radiation closure; cloud radiation interaction ID LIQUID-WATER-CONTENT; EFFECTIVE RADIUS; MEASUREMENT PROGRAM; CUMULUS CLOUDS; FIELDS; MODEL; RETRIEVALS; ALGORITHM; PROFILES; ACCURACY AB The ability of six scanning cloud radar scan strategies to reconstruct cumulus cloud fields for radiation study is assessed. Utilizing snapshots of clean and polluted cloud fields from large eddy simulations, an analysis is undertaken of error in both the liquid water path and monochromatic downwelling surface irradiance at 870nm of the reconstructed cloud fields. Error introduced by radar sensitivity, choice of radar scan strategy, retrieval of liquid water content (LWC), and reconstruction scheme is explored. Given an infinitely sensitive radar and perfect LWC retrieval, domain average surface irradiance biases are typically less than 3Wm(-2)mu m(-1), corresponding to 5-10% of the cloud radiative effect (CRE). However, when using a realistic radar sensitivity of -37.5 dBZ at 1km, optically thin areas and edges of clouds are difficult to detect due to their low radar reflectivity; in clean conditions, overestimates are of order 10Wm(-2)mu m(-1) (similar to 20% of the CRE), but in polluted conditions, where the droplets are smaller, this increases to 10-26Wm(-2)mu m(-1) (similar to 40-100% of the CRE). Drizzle drops are also problematic; if treated as cloud droplets, reconstructions are poor, leading to large underestimates of 20-46Wm(-2)mu m(-1) in domain average surface irradiance (similar to 40-80% of the CRE). Nevertheless, a synergistic retrieval approach combining the detailed cloud structure obtained from scanning radar with the droplet-size information and location of cloud base gained from other instruments would potentially make accurate solar radiative transfer calculations in broken cloud possible for the first time. C1 [Fielding, Mark D.; Chiu, J. Christine; Hogan, Robin J.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. [Feingold, Graham] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Fielding, MD (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, POB 243, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. EM m.d.fielding@pgr.reading.ac.uk RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Chiu, Christine/E-5649-2013; Hogan, Robin/M-6549-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Chiu, Christine/0000-0002-8951-6913; Hogan, Robin/0000-0002-3180-5157; FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0007233]; DOE's Office of Science (BER); NOAA's Climate Goal FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under grant DE-SC0007233. The authors would like to thank Tamas Varnai for his help verifying SHDOM against the I3RC Monte Carlo model, Hongli Jiang for her efforts in producing the LES cloud fields, and Allison McComiskey for her help extracting the LES data. GF acknowledges DOE's Office of Science (BER) and NOAA's Climate Goal for support. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 16 BP 9153 EP 9167 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50614 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 225AE UT WOS:000324933900028 ER PT J AU Yao, ZG Li, J Weisz, E Heidinger, A Liu, CY AF Yao, Zhigang Li, Jun Weisz, Elisabeth Heidinger, Andrew Liu, Chian-Yi TI Evaluation of single field-of-view cloud top height retrievals from hyperspectral infrared sounder radiances with CloudSat and CALIPSO measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE cloud-top height; AIRS; MODIS; CloudSat; CALIPSO ID VARIATIONAL RETRIEVAL; CIRRUS CLOUDS; MODIS; AIRS; PARAMETERS; ALGORITHM; PRODUCTS AB Accurate cloud top height retrievals from hyperspectral infrared (IR) sounder radiances are needed for weather and climate prediction. To account for the nonlinearity of the cloud parameters with respect to the IR radiances, a one-dimensional variational retrieval algorithm is used to derive the cloud top heights (CTHs) from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) radiances on a single field-of-view basis. The CTHs are evaluated by comparison with the measurements from radar and lidar instruments onboard the Earth Observing System (EOS) CloudSat and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellites. Using the retrievals from a global 3 day dataset, it is found that the variational algorithm compared with the regression algorithm could reduce the variability of the difference between the AIRS and active measurements by 1km. And the biases of AIRS CTHs range from +1.5 to -1.4km and from +1.6 to -3.8km, depending on the Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) and CALIPSO CTHs between 3 and 18km, respectively. Globally, the AIRS CTH is overestimated (underestimated) when the CTH from active measurements is below (above) 5km. The bias decreases from -1.9 to -0.8km, and the variability decreases from 2.8 to about 1.6km with the increase of the CALIPSO cloud optical thickness from 0.1 to 2.5. It also reveals that the AIRS CTHs agree better with the CPR than the CALIPSO. C1 [Yao, Zhigang; Li, Jun; Weisz, Elisabeth] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Heidinger, Andrew] NESDIS NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. [Liu, Chian-Yi] Cent Univ, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Yao, ZG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 West Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM zyao.cimss@gmail.com RI Weisz, Elisabeth/B-9837-2014; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010; Liu, Chian-Yi/B-1898-2015; Li, Jun/H-3579-2015 OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X; Liu, Chian-Yi/0000-0003-1725-4405; Li, Jun/0000-0001-5504-9627 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) GOES-R algorithm working group (AWG); JPSS Risk Reduction program [NA10NES4400013] FX This work is partly supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) GOES-R algorithm working group (AWG) and JPSS Risk Reduction program NA10NES4400013. The authors would like to specifically thank the AIRS, MODIS, CloudSat, and CALIPSO science teams for providing satellite data and ECMWF for sharing the model output data. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 16 BP 9182 EP 9190 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50681 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 225AE UT WOS:000324933900030 ER PT J AU Thorsen, TJ Fu, Q Comstock, JM Sivaraman, C Vaughan, MA Winker, DM Turner, DD AF Thorsen, Tyler J. Fu, Qiang Comstock, Jennifer M. Sivaraman, Chitra Vaughan, Mark A. Winker, David M. Turner, David D. TI Macrophysical properties of tropical cirrus clouds from the CALIPSO satellite and from ground-based micropulse and Raman lidars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE CALIPSO; MPL; Raman; cirrus; tropics; diurnal ID RADIATION MEASUREMENT PROGRAM; WATER-VAPOR; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; MASS FLUXES; TROPOPAUSE; ALGORITHM; PROFILES; BALANCE; PERFORMANCE AB Lidar observations of cirrus cloud macrophysical properties over the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program Darwin, Australia, site are compared from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite, the ground-based ARM micropulse lidar (MPL), and the ARM Raman lidar (RL). Comparisons are made using the subset of profiles where the lidar beam is not fully attenuated. Daytime measurements using the RL are shown to be relatively unaffected by the solar background and are therefore suited for checking the validity of diurnal cycles. RL and CALIPSO cloud fraction profiles show good agreement while the MPL detects significantly less cirrus, particularly during the daytime. Both MPL and CALIPSO observations show that cirrus clouds occur less frequently during the day than at night at all altitudes. In contrast, the RL diurnal cycle is significantly different from zero only below about 11km; where it is of opposite sign (i.e., more clouds during the daytime). For cirrus geometrical thickness, the MPL and CALIPSO observations agree well and both data sets have significantly thinner clouds during the daytime than the RL. From the examination of hourly MPL and RL cirrus cloud thickness and through the application of daytime detection limits to all CALIPSO data, we find that the decreased MPL and CALIPSO cloud thickness during the daytime is very likely a result of increased daytime noise. This study highlights the significant improvement the RL provides (compared to the MPL) in the ARM program's ability to observe tropical cirrus clouds and will help improve our understanding of these clouds. The RL also provides a valuable ground-based lidar data set for the evaluation of CALIPSO observations. C1 [Thorsen, Tyler J.; Fu, Qiang] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Comstock, Jennifer M.; Sivaraman, Chitra] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Vaughan, Mark A.; Winker, David M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Thorsen, TJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, ATG 408,Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM tylert@atmos.washington.edu FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-09ER64769]; NASA [NNX13AN49G]; DOE ASR program; DOE ARM program FX The micropulse and Raman lidar data sets were obtained from the ARM data archive: www.archive.arm.gov. The CALIPSO data sets were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center. This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, grant DE-FG02-09ER64769 and by NASA grant NNX13AN49G. J.M. Comstock was supported by both DOE ASR and ARM programs. NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 16 BP 9209 EP 9220 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50691 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 225AE UT WOS:000324933900032 ER PT J AU Hayes, PL Ortega, AM Cubison, MJ Froyd, KD Zhao, Y Cliff, SS Hu, WW Toohey, DW Flynn, JH Lefer, BL Grossberg, N Alvarez, S Rappenglueck, B Taylor, JW Allan, JD Holloway, JS Gilman, JB Kuster, WC De Gouw, JA Massoli, P Zhang, X Liu, J Weber, RJ Corrigan, AL Russell, LM Isaacman, G Worton, DR Kreisberg, NM Goldstein, AH Thalman, R Waxman, EM Volkamer, R Lin, YH Surratt, JD Kleindienst, TE Offenberg, JH Dusanter, S Griffith, S Stevens, PS Brioude, J Angevine, WM Jimenez, JL AF Hayes, P. L. Ortega, A. M. Cubison, M. J. Froyd, K. D. Zhao, Y. Cliff, S. S. Hu, W. W. Toohey, D. W. Flynn, J. H. Lefer, B. L. Grossberg, N. Alvarez, S. Rappenglueck, B. Taylor, J. W. Allan, J. D. Holloway, J. S. Gilman, J. B. Kuster, W. C. De Gouw, J. A. Massoli, P. Zhang, X. Liu, J. Weber, R. J. Corrigan, A. L. Russell, L. M. Isaacman, G. Worton, D. R. Kreisberg, N. M. Goldstein, A. H. Thalman, R. Waxman, E. M. Volkamer, R. Lin, Y. H. Surratt, J. D. Kleindienst, T. E. Offenberg, J. H. Dusanter, S. Griffith, S. Stevens, P. S. Brioude, J. Angevine, W. M. Jimenez, J. L. TI Organic aerosol composition and sources in Pasadena, California, during the 2010 CalNex campaign SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review DE organic aerosol; Los Angeles; CalNex; positive matrix factorization; particulates; Pasadena ID LOS-ANGELES BASIN; COAST AIR BASIN; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; FINE-PARTICLE COMPOSITION; CITY METROPOLITAN-AREA; POWERED MOTOR-VEHICLES; VOLATILITY BASIS-SET; URBAN SUPERSITE T0; NON-FOSSIL CARBON; NEW-YORK-CITY AB Organic aerosols (OA) in Pasadena are characterized using multiple measurements from the California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) campaign. Five OA components are identified using positive matrix factorization including hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) and two types of oxygenated OA (OOA). The Pasadena OA elemental composition when plotted as H:C versus O:C follows a line less steep than that observed for Riverside, CA. The OOA components from both locations follow a common line, however, indicating similar secondary organic aerosol (SOA) oxidation chemistry at the two sites such as fragmentation reactions leading to acid formation. In addition to the similar evolution of elemental composition, the dependence of SOA concentration on photochemical age displays quantitatively the same trends across several North American urban sites. First, the OA/CO values for Pasadena increase with photochemical age exhibiting a slope identical to or slightly higher than those for Mexico City and the northeastern United States. Second, the ratios of OOA to odd-oxygen (a photochemical oxidation marker) for Pasadena, Mexico City, and Riverside are similar, suggesting a proportional relationship between SOA and odd-oxygen formation rates. Weekly cycles of the OA components are examined as well. HOA exhibits lower concentrations on Sundays versus weekdays, and the decrease in HOA matches that predicted for primary vehicle emissions using fuel sales data, traffic counts, and vehicle emission ratios. OOA does not display a weekly cycleafter accounting for differences in photochemical aging which suggests the dominance of gasoline emissions in SOA formation under the assumption that most urban SOA precursors are from motor vehicles. C1 [Hayes, P. L.; Ortega, A. M.; Cubison, M. J.; Froyd, K. D.; Hu, W. W.; Holloway, J. S.; Gilman, J. B.; De Gouw, J. A.; Thalman, R.; Waxman, E. M.; Volkamer, R.; Brioude, J.; Angevine, W. M.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hayes, P. L.; Cubison, M. J.; Thalman, R.; Waxman, E. M.; Volkamer, R.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ortega, A. M.; Toohey, D. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Froyd, K. D.; Holloway, J. S.; Gilman, J. B.; Kuster, W. C.; De Gouw, J. A.; Brioude, J.; Angevine, W. M.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Zhao, Y.; Cliff, S. S.] Univ Calif Davis, Air Qual Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hu, W. W.] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Flynn, J. H.; Lefer, B. L.; Grossberg, N.; Alvarez, S.; Rappenglueck, B.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Taylor, J. W.; Allan, J. D.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Allan, J. D.] Univ Manchester, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Massoli, P.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA USA. [Zhang, X.; Liu, J.; Weber, R. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Corrigan, A. L.; Russell, L. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Isaacman, G.; Worton, D. R.; Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Worton, D. R.; Kreisberg, N. M.] Aerosol Dynam Inc, Berkeley, CA USA. [Lin, Y. H.; Surratt, J. D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Kleindienst, T. E.; Offenberg, J. H.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Dusanter, S.; Griffith, S.; Stevens, P. S.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Ctr Res Environm Sci, Bloomington, IN USA. [Dusanter, S.; Griffith, S.; Stevens, P. S.] Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN USA. [Dusanter, S.] Univ Lille Nord France, Lille, France. [Dusanter, S.] EMDouai, Douai, France. RP Jimenez, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jose.jimenez@colorado.edu RI Surratt, Jason/D-3611-2009; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Isaacman-VanWertz, Gabriel/I-5590-2014; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Toohey, Darin/A-4267-2008; Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016; Lin, Ying-Hsuan/J-4023-2014; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Ortega, Amber/B-5548-2014; Liu, Jiumeng/K-2024-2012; Hu, Weiwei/C-7892-2014; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Zhang, Xiaolu/F-9190-2011; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Allan, James/B-1160-2010; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013; Worton, David/A-8374-2012; Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009 OI Taylor, Jonathan/0000-0002-2120-186X; Surratt, Jason/0000-0002-6833-1450; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Isaacman-VanWertz, Gabriel/0000-0002-3717-4798; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Toohey, Darin/0000-0003-2853-1068; Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369; Lin, Ying-Hsuan/0000-0001-8904-1287; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Ortega, Amber/0000-0002-4381-7892; Liu, Jiumeng/0000-0001-7238-593X; Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Allan, James/0000-0001-6492-4876; Worton, David/0000-0002-6558-5586; Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024 FU CARB [08-319, 11-305, 09-350]; DOE (BER, ASR Program) [DE-SC0006035, DE-SC0006711, DE-FG02-11ER65293]; CIRES Visiting Fellows Program; US DOE SCGF Program (ORAU, ORISE) [DE-AC05-06OR23100]; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/H008136/1]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0931492, ATM-0802237, AGS-1009408] FX The authors thank Jochen Stutz and John Seinfeld for their leadership in organizing the Pasadena ground site, and CARB and NOAA for support of the site setup. We also wish to thank Ingrid Ulbrich for helpful discussions regarding the PMF analysis and Cora Young for providing radical budgets for the CalNex ground site. The Jimenez Group acknowledges support from CARB 08-319 and CARB 11-305 as well as DOE (BER, ASR Program) DE-SC0006035, DE-SC0006711, and DE-FG02-11ER65293. PLH and AMO acknowledge fellowships from the CIRES Visiting Fellows Program and US DOE SCGF Program (ORAU, ORISE, DE-AC05-06OR23100), respectively. JT and JDA acknowledge funding from the Natural Environment Research Council [Ref: NE/H008136/1]. RJW and XZ were funded through National Science Foundation grants ATM-0931492 and ATM-0802237. ALC acknowledges fellowship support from US DOE SCGF Program (ORAU, ORISE, DE-AC05-06OR23100) and other expenses from NSF grant AGS-1009408. YZ and SSC acknowledge support from CARB 09-350. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described here; the manuscript has been subjected to peer review and has been cleared for publication; mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the EPA. NR 135 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 19 U2 129 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 16 BP 9233 EP 9257 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50530 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 225AE UT WOS:000324933900034 ER PT J AU Hsu, NC Jeong, MJ Bettenhausen, C Sayer, AM Hansell, R Seftor, CS Huang, J Tsay, SC AF Hsu, N. C. Jeong, M. -J. Bettenhausen, C. Sayer, A. M. Hansell, R. Seftor, C. S. Huang, J. Tsay, S. -C. TI Enhanced Deep Blue aerosol retrieval algorithm: The second generation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosol; satellite; retrieval ID RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; LAND SURFACES; OPTICAL DEPTH; MODIS; POLARIZATION; CAPABILITIES; REFLECTANCE; POLLUTION; CLOUDS; DUST AB The aerosol products retrieved using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) collection 5.1 Deep Blue algorithm have provided useful information about aerosol properties over bright-reflecting land surfaces, such as desert, semiarid, and urban regions. However, many components of the C5.1 retrieval algorithm needed to be improved; for example, the use of a static surface database to estimate surface reflectances. This is particularly important over regions of mixed vegetated and nonvegetated surfaces, which may undergo strong seasonal changes in land cover. In order to address this issue, we develop a hybrid approach, which takes advantage of the combination of precalculated surface reflectance database and normalized difference vegetation index in determining the surface reflectance for aerosol retrievals. As a result, the spatial coverage of aerosol data generated by the enhanced Deep Blue algorithm has been extended from the arid and semiarid regions to the entire land areas. In this paper, the changes made in the enhanced Deep Blue algorithm regarding the surface reflectance estimation, aerosol model selection, and cloud screening schemes for producing the MODIS collection 6 aerosol products are discussed. A similar approach has also been applied to the algorithm that generates the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) Deep Blue products. Based upon our preliminary results of comparing the enhanced Deep Blue aerosol products with the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) measurements, the expected error of the Deep Blue aerosol optical thickness (AOT) is estimated to be better than 0.05+20%. Using 10 AERONET sites with long-term time series, 79% of the best quality Deep Blue AOT values are found to fall within this expected error. C1 [Hsu, N. C.; Bettenhausen, C.; Sayer, A. M.; Hansell, R.; Seftor, C. S.; Tsay, S. -C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Jeong, M. -J.] Gangneung Wonju Natl Univ, Gangneung City, South Korea. [Bettenhausen, C.; Seftor, C. S.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Sayer, A. M.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Hansell, R.; Huang, J.] UMD, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Huang, J.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. RP Hsu, NC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Christina.Hsu@nasa.gov RI Sayer, Andrew/H-2314-2012; Huang, Jingfeng/D-7336-2012; Tsay, Si-Chee/J-1147-2014; Hansell, Richard/J-2065-2014 OI Sayer, Andrew/0000-0001-9149-1789; Huang, Jingfeng/0000-0002-8779-2922; FU NASA EOS program FX This work was supported by the NASA EOS program, managed by Hal Maring. The authors gratefully acknowledge the MODIS Characterization Support Team for their extensive efforts in maintaining the high radiometric quality of MODIS level 1 data. Appreciations also extend to Jeremy Warner and Rebecca Limbacher for their supports on the construction of the Deep Blue surface database. We would also like to express our gratitude to several AERONET PIs in establishing and maintaining the long-term stations used in this investigation. NR 37 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 7 U2 40 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 16 BP 9296 EP 9315 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50712 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 225AE UT WOS:000324933900037 ER PT J AU Wagner, NL Riedel, TP Young, CJ Bahreini, R Brock, CA Dube, WP Kim, S Middlebrook, AM Ozturk, F Roberts, JM Russo, R Sive, B Swarthout, R Thornton, JA VandenBoer, TC Zhou, Y Brown, SS AF Wagner, N. L. Riedel, T. P. Young, C. J. Bahreini, R. Brock, C. A. Dube, W. P. Kim, S. Middlebrook, A. M. Ozturk, F. Roberts, J. M. Russo, R. Sive, B. Swarthout, R. Thornton, J. A. VandenBoer, T. C. Zhou, Y. Brown, S. S. TI N2O5 uptake coefficients and nocturnal NO2 removal rates determined from ambient wintertime measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE N2O5; nitrate radical; NOx removal; nocturnal chemistry; uptake coefficient; NACHTT ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; DENVER BROWN CLOUD; REACTIVE UPTAKE; HETEROGENEOUS HYDROLYSIS; AMMONIUM-SULFATE; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; REACTION PROBABILITIES AB Heterogeneous N2O5 uptake onto aerosol is the primary nocturnal path for removal of NOx (= NO+NO2) from the atmosphere and can also result in halogen activation through production of ClNO2. The N2O5 uptake coefficient has been the subject of numerous laboratory studies; however, only a few studies have determined the uptake coefficient from ambient measurements, and none has been focused on winter conditions, when the portion of NOx removed by N2O5 uptake is the largest. In this work, N2O5 uptake coefficients are determined from ambient wintertime measurements of N2O5 and related species at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory in Weld County, CO, a location that is highly impacted by urban pollution from Denver, as well as emissions from agricultural activities and oil and gas extraction. A box model is used to analyze the nocturnal nitrate radical chemistry and predict the N2O5 concentration. The uptake coefficient in the model is iterated until the predicted N2O5 concentration matches the measured concentration. The results suggest that during winter, the most important influence that might suppress N2O5 uptake is aerosol nitrate but that this effect does not suppress uptake coefficients enough to limit the rate of NOx loss through N2O5 hydrolysis. N2O5 hydrolysis was found to dominate the nocturnal chemistry during this study consuming similar to 80% of nocturnal gas phase nitrate radical production. Typically, less than 15% of the total nitrate radical production remained in the form of nocturnal species at sunrise when they are photolyzed and reform NO2. C1 [Wagner, N. L.; Brock, C. A.; Dube, W. P.; Middlebrook, A. M.; Roberts, J. M.; Brown, S. S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wagner, N. L.; Dube, W. P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Riedel, T. P.; Thornton, J. A.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Riedel, T. P.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Young, C. J.; VandenBoer, T. C.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Chem, St John, NF A1B 3X7, Canada. [Bahreini, R.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Kim, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Phys Sci, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Ozturk, F.] Abant Izzet Baysal Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Bolu, Turkey. [Russo, R.; Sive, B.] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Chem, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Swarthout, R.; Zhou, Y.] Univ New Hampshire, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Wagner, NL (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM nick.wagner@noaa.gov RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Wagner, Nicholas/E-7437-2010; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Kim, Saewung/E-4089-2012; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Young, Cora/A-4551-2010; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; VandenBoer, Trevor/F-1032-2011; Thornton, Joel/C-1142-2009 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Young, Cora/0000-0002-6908-5829; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; VandenBoer, Trevor/0000-0001-8926-4237; Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867 FU NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program; Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycles, and Climate Program FX We would like to thank everyone who helped make NACHTT possible and specifically Gerd Hubler, Dan Wolfe, Bruce Bertram, and Eric Williams for organizing site logistics and the elevator operation. This work is supported by the NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program and Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycles, and Climate Program. NR 69 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 8 U2 72 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 16 BP 9331 EP 9350 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50653 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 225AE UT WOS:000324933900040 ER PT J AU Roh, JH Tyagi, M Hogan, TE Roland, CM AF Roh, J. H. Tyagi, M. Hogan, T. E. Roland, C. M. TI Space-Dependent Dynamics in 1,4-Polybutadiene Nanocomposite SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Editorial Material ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; GLASS-TRANSITION; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; POLYMERS; POLYBUTADIENE; RELAXATION; LIQUIDS; ALPHA C1 [Roh, J. H.; Roland, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Tyagi, M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hogan, T. E.] Bridgestone Amer, Ctr Res & Technol, Akron, OH 44317 USA. [Tyagi, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mike.roland@nrl.navy.mil RI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014 OI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 27 PY 2013 VL 46 IS 16 BP 6667 EP 6669 DI 10.1021/ma401597r PG 3 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 210EC UT WOS:000323811100032 ER PT J AU Glinka, YD Sun, Z Erementchouk, M Leuenberger, MN Bristow, AD Cundiff, ST Bracker, AS Li, XQ AF Glinka, Yuri D. Sun, Zheng Erementchouk, Mikhail Leuenberger, Michael N. Bristow, Alan D. Cundiff, Steven T. Bracker, Allan S. Li, Xiaoqin TI Coherent coupling between exciton resonances governed by the disorder potential SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL RESPONSE; QUANTUM-WELLS; 4-WAVE-MIXING SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY-TRANSFER; GAAS; EXCITATION; SEMICONDUCTORS; LOCALIZATION; INTERFACES; MECHANICS AB Monolayer fluctuations in the thickness of a semiconductor quantum well (QW) lead to the formation of spectrally resolved excitons located in the narrower, average, and thicker regions of the QW. Whether or not these excitons are coherently coupled via Coulomb interaction is a long-standing debate. We demonstrate that different types of disorder potential govern coherent coupling among excitons, and the coupling strength can be quantitatively measured using optical two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy. Strong coherent coupling occurs between certain types of excitons but is missing between other types of excitons because the distinctive nature of excitons results in different spatial overlap. Our finding may be applicable to other disordered systems, such as photosynthesis and conjugated polymers, where exciton coupling plays a critical role in determining charge and energy transfer. C1 [Glinka, Yuri D.; Sun, Zheng; Li, Xiaoqin] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Glinka, Yuri D.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. [Erementchouk, Mikhail; Leuenberger, Michael N.] Univ Cent Florida, NanoSci Technol Ctr, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Erementchouk, Mikhail; Leuenberger, Michael N.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Bristow, Alan D.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bristow, Alan D.; Cundiff, Steven T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bristow, Alan D.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Bracker, Allan S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Li, XQ (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM elaineli@physics.utexas.edu RI Sun, Zheng/J-6269-2013; Leuenberger, Michael/L-4501-2013; Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Erementchouk, Mikhail/0000-0002-4603-1836 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-0747822]; Welch Foundation [F-1662, ARO-W911NF-08-1-0348]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; NSF [ECCS-0901784, ECCS-1128597]; AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0450] FX Authors at the University of Texas, Austin, gratefully acknowledge financial support from the following sources: National Science Foundation (NSF) DMR-0747822, Welch Foundation F-1662, ARO-W911NF-08-1-0348, and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. M.N.L. acknowledges support from NSF (Grant No. ECCS-0901784), AFOSR (Grant No. FA9550-09-1-0450), and NSF (Grant No. ECCS-1128597). NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 27 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 7 AR 075316 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.075316 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 207NQ UT WOS:000323608700002 ER PT J AU White, JS Niedermayer, C Gasparovic, G Broholm, C Park, JMS Shapiro, AY Demianets, LA Kenzelmann, M AF White, J. S. Niedermayer, Ch. Gasparovic, G. Broholm, C. Park, J. M. S. Shapiro, A. Ya. Demianets, L. A. Kenzelmann, M. TI Multiferroicity in the generic easy-plane triangular lattice antiferromagnet RbFe(MoO4)(2) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; PHASE-DIAGRAM; XY MODEL; ORDER AB RbFe(MoO4)(2) is a quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) triangular lattice antiferromagnet (TLA) that displays a zero-field magnetically driven multiferroic phase with a chiral spin structure. By inelastic neutron scattering, we determine quantitatively the spin Hamiltonian. We show that the easy-plane anisotropy is nearly 1/3 of the dominant spin exchange, making RbFe(MoO4)(2) an excellent system for studying the physics of the model 2D easy-plane TLA. Our measurements demonstrate magnetic-field-induced fluctuations in this material to stabilize the generic finite-field phases of the 2D XY TLA. We further explain how Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions can generate ferroelectricity only in the zero-field phase. Our conclusion is that multiferroicity in RbFe(MoO4)(2), and its absence at high fields, results from the generic properties of the 2D XY TLA. C1 [White, J. S.; Niedermayer, Ch.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Neutron Scattering, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [White, J. S.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Quantum Magnetism, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Gasparovic, G.; Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Gasparovic, G.; Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Gasparovic, G.; Broholm, C.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Park, J. M. S.] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Div Neutron Sci, Taejon 305353, South Korea. [Shapiro, A. Ya.; Demianets, L. A.] AV Shubnikov Inst Crystallog RAS, Moscow 117333, Russia. [Kenzelmann, M.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Dev & Methods, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP White, JS (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Neutron Scattering, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Niedermayer, Christof/K-4436-2014; White, Jonathan/G-2742-2010; Kenzelmann, Michel/A-8438-2008 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; White, Jonathan/0000-0001-7738-0150; Kenzelmann, Michel/0000-0001-7913-4826 FU Swiss NCCR program MaNEP; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-08ER46544] FX Experiments were performed at the Swiss spallation neutron source SINQ, Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland. Financial support from the Swiss NCCR program MaNEP is gratefully acknowledged. Work at IQM was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, under award DE-FG02-08ER46544. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 36 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 27 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 6 AR 060409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.060409 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 207NN UT WOS:000323608400001 ER PT J AU Schwalbach, EJ Warren, JA Wu, KA Voorhees, PW AF Schwalbach, Edwin J. Warren, James A. Wu, Kuo-An Voorhees, Peter W. TI Phase-field crystal model with a vapor phase SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; LIQUID GALLIUM; SURFACE; SIMULATION; RELAXATION; GROWTH; METAL; AL; INTERFACE; ENERGY AB Phase-field crystal (PFC) models are able to resolve atomic length scale features of materials during temporal evolution over diffusive time scales. Traditional PFC models contain solid and liquid phases, however many important materials processing phenomena involve a vapor phase as well. In this work, we add a vapor phase to an existing PFC model and show realistic interfacial phenomena near the triple point temperature. For example, the PFC model exhibits density oscillations at liquid-vapor interfaces that compare favorably to data available for interfaces in metallic systems from both experiment and molecular-dynamics simulations. We also quantify the anisotropic solid-vapor surface energy for a two-dimensional PFC hexagonal crystal and find well-defined step energies from measurements on the faceted interfaces. Additionally, the strain field beneath a stepped interface is characterized and shown to qualitatively reproduce predictions from continuum models, simulations, and experimental data. Finally, we examine the dynamic case of step-flow growth of a crystal into a supersaturated vapor phase. The ability to model such a wide range of surface and bulk defects makes this PFC model a useful tool to study processing techniques such as chemical vapor deposition or vapor-liquid-solid growth of nanowires. C1 [Schwalbach, Edwin J.; Warren, James A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Kuo-An] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Voorhees, Peter W.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Voorhees, Peter W.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Appl Math, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Schwalbach, EJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM eddie.schwalbach@gmail.com; kuoan@phys.nthu.edu.tw RI Voorhees, Peter /B-6700-2009 FU National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC100-2112-M-007-001-MY2]; NSF [DMR 1105409] FX The authors acknowledge helpful conversations with K. Thornton and K. R. Elder. Additionally, E. J. S. acknowledges helpful conversations with Z. T. Trautt and Y. Mishin, as well as K. S. McReynolds. K.-A. W. gratefully acknowledges the support of the National Science Council of Taiwan (NSC100-2112-M-007-001-MY2). P. W. V. is grateful for the financial support of NSF under Contract No. DMR 1105409. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG 27 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 2 AR 023306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.88.023306 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 207OE UT WOS:000323610300009 PM 24032965 ER PT J AU Koren, I Feingold, G AF Koren, Ilan Feingold, Graham TI Adaptive behavior of marine cellular clouds SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION; STRATOCUMULUS; CONVECTION; CELLS; DYNAMICS; DRIZZLE; MODEL AB Shallow marine clouds appear in two formations - open cells that are weakly reflective and closed cells that are more reflective and hence more effective at cooling the climate system. Lagrangian satellite data analysis reveals that open cells oscillate, forming and disappearing with a periodicity of similar to 3 hours. In contrast, closed cells maintain rigid structures for periods of more than 10 hours, suggesting that self-organisation breaks the link between the lifetime and the scale of a convective entity. These dynamical states are linked to two theoretical solutions of population dynamics. C1 [Koren, Ilan] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Feingold, Graham] NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Koren, I (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM ilan.koren@weizmann.ac.il RI Koren, Ilan/K-1417-2012; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Koren, Ilan/0000-0001-6759-6265; FU European Research Council under the European Union (CAPRI) [306965] FX The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC Grant (CAPRI, grant nu 306965). GF acknowledges NOAA's climate goal and DOE's Biological and Environmental Research Program. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 20 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD AUG 27 PY 2013 VL 3 AR 2507 DI 10.1038/srep02507 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 206QF UT WOS:000323536500001 PM 23978979 ER PT J AU Abbott, PJ Kubarych, ZJ AF Abbott, Patrick J. Kubarych, Zeina J. TI The New Kilogram Definition and its Implications for High-Precision Mass Tolerance Classes SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE kilogram redefinition; mass dissemination; uncertainty; weight classes for legal metrology ID WATT BALANCE; REDEFINITION; CONSTANT AB The SI unit of mass, the kilogram, is the only remaining artifact definition in the seven fundamental units of the SI system. It will be redefined in terms of the Planck constant as soon as certain experimental conditions, based on recommendations of the Consultative Committee for Mass and Related Quantities (CCM) are met. To better reflect reality, the redefinition will likely be accompanied by an increase in the uncertainties that National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) pass on to customers via artifact dissemination, which could have an impact on the reference standards that are used by secondary calibration laboratories if certain weight tolerances are adopted for use. This paper will compare the legal metrology requirements for precision mass calibration laboratories after the kilogram is redefined with the current capabilities based on the international prototype kilogram (IPK) realization of the kilogram. C1 [Abbott, Patrick J.; Kubarych, Zeina J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Abbott, PJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM patrick.abbott@nist.gov; zeina.kubarych@nist.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD AUG 26 PY 2013 VL 118 BP 353 EP 358 DI 10.6028/jres.118.016 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 224HW UT WOS:000324875200001 PM 26401436 ER PT J AU Neill, JL Harris, BJ Steber, AL Douglass, KO Plusquellic, DF Pate, BH AF Neill, Justin L. Harris, Brent J. Steber, Amanda L. Douglass, Kevin O. Plusquellic, David F. Pate, Brooks H. TI Segmented chirped-pulse Fourier transform submillimeter spectroscopy for broadband gas analysis SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID THZ; SPECTROMETER; MILLIMETER; REGION AB Chirped-pulse Fourier transform spectroscopy has recently been extended to millimeter wave spectroscopy as a technique for the characterization of room-temperature gas samples. Here we present a variation of this technique that significantly reduces the technical requirements on high-speed digital electronics and the data throughput, with no reduction in the broadband spectral coverage and no increase in the time required to reach a given sensitivity level. This method takes advantage of the frequency agility of arbitrary waveform generators by utilizing a series of low-bandwidth chirped excitation pulses paired in time with a series of offset single frequency local oscillators, which are used to detect the molecular free induction decay signals in a heterodyne receiver. A demonstration of this technique is presented in which a 67 GHz bandwidth spectrum of methanol (spanning from 792 to 859 GHz) is acquired in 58 mu s. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Neill, Justin L.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Harris, Brent J.; Steber, Amanda L.; Pate, Brooks H.] Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Douglass, Kevin O.; Plusquellic, David F.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Pate, BH (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, Chem Bldg, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM brookspate@virginia.edu OI Steber, Amanda/0000-0002-8203-2174 FU NSF Centers for Chemical Innovation program [CHE-0847919]; National Science Foundation [DGE-0809128]; University of Virginia FX This work was supported by the NSF Centers for Chemical Innovation program through CHE-0847919 and by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under grant No. DGE-0809128. Additional support was provided by the University of Virginia. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 47 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 26 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 17 BP 19743 EP 19749 DI 10.1364/OE.21.019743 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 210KD UT WOS:000323830500030 PM 24105522 ER PT J AU Williams, RA Beeler, MC LeBlanc, LJ Jimenez-Garcia, K Spielman, IB AF Williams, R. A. Beeler, M. C. LeBlanc, L. J. Jimenez-Garcia, K. Spielman, I. B. TI Raman-Induced Interactions in a Single-Component Fermi Gas Near an s-Wave Feshbach Resonance SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COLLISIONS; ATOMS AB Ultracold gases of interacting spin-orbit-coupled fermions are predicted to display exotic phenomena such as topological superfluidity and its associated Majorana fermions. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a route to strongly interacting single-component atomic Fermi gases by combining an s-wave Feshbach resonance (giving strong interactions) and spin-orbit coupling (creating an effective p-wave channel). We identify the Feshbach resonance by its associated atomic loss feature and show that, in agreement with our single-channel scattering model, this feature is preserved and shifted as a function of the spin-orbit-coupling parameters. C1 [Williams, R. A.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Williams, RA (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Williams, Ross/0000-0001-9347-0922 FU ARO; DARPA OLE program; Atomtronics-MURI; NSF through the PFC at JQI FX We benefited greatly from conversations with C.A.R. Sa de Melo, V.B. Shenoy, and E. Tiesinga. This work was partially supported by the ARO with funding from the DARPA OLE program and the Atomtronics-MURI, and by the NSF through the PFC at JQI. L.J.L. thanks NSERC and M.C.B. thanks the NIST-ARRA program. NR 46 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 26 PY 2013 VL 111 IS 9 AR 095301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.095301 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 207BE UT WOS:000323570800009 PM 24033043 ER PT J AU Claussen, JE Cooney, PB Defilippi, JM Fox, SG Glaser, SM Hawkes, E Hutt, C Jones, MH Kemp, IM Lerner, A Midway, SR Nesbit, S Osborne-Gowey, J Roberts, R Steward, C AF Claussen, Julie E. Cooney, Patrick B. Defilippi, Julie M. Fox, Sarah Gilbert Glaser, Sarah Michele Hawkes, Elden Hutt, Clifford Jones, Marissa H. Kemp, Iris M. Lerner, Aaron Midway, Stephen R. Nesbit, Shivonne Osborne-Gowey, Jeremiah Roberts, Ryan Steward, Cleve TI Science Communication in a Digital Age: Social Media and the American Fisheries Society SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material AB Social media platforms are effective tools used to help communicate and increase involvement in cultural, political, and scientific circles. In 2012, an ad hoc committee was established to explore online fisheries science communication and how social media platforms can be utilized by the American Fisheries Society (AFS). A survey was disseminated to all AFS units (chapters, sections, divisions) and student subunits to better understand the current use of social media within the AFS. A relatively high response rate (82%) provided some confidence in the survey resultsnamely, that nearly 69% or more of units and subunits used social media. Facebook was the dominant platform used (59%; all others < 15%) and almost exclusively (97%) for the purpose of communication. Education, outreach, and member recruitment were other reasons for social media use. Finally, whether units currently use social media or not at all, it was recommended that AFS-led workshops and assistance would increase the usefulness of social media. C1 [Claussen, Julie E.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Cooney, Patrick B.] Smith Root, Vancouver, WA USA. [Defilippi, Julie M.] Atlantic Coastal Cooperat Stat Program, Arlington, VA USA. [Fox, Sarah Gilbert; Lerner, Aaron] Amer Fisheries Soc, Bethesda, MD USA. [Glaser, Sarah Michele] Coll William & Mary, Dept Biol, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Hawkes, Elden] USDA NIFA Inst Bioenenergy Climate & Environm, Washington, DC USA. [Hutt, Clifford] NOAA Fisheries, Highly Migratory Species Management Div, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Jones, Marissa H.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kemp, Iris M.] Univ Washington, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Midway, Stephen R.] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Nesbit, Shivonne] Oregon Div Fish & Wildlife, Salem, OR USA. [Osborne-Gowey, Jeremiah] Feather River Consulting, Corvallis, OR USA. [Osborne-Gowey, Jeremiah] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Roberts, Ryan] Natl Fish Habitat Partnership, Washington, DC USA. [Steward, Cleve] AMEC Earth & Environm Inc, Seattle, WA USA. RP Claussen, JE (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, 1816 S Oak St, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM juliec@illinois.edu OI Osborne-Gowey, Jeremiah/0000-0001-9239-7436 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD AUG 26 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 8 BP 359 EP 362 DI 10.1080/03632415.2013.816289 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 204MJ UT WOS:000323369100010 ER PT J AU Ihde, T Townsend, H AF Ihde, Tom Townsend, Howard TI Interview with Jason Link: Champion for Ecosystem Science and Management SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; OIL-SPILL; PERSPECTIVE; THRESHOLDS C1 [Ihde, Tom] NOAA, Versar Inc, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Chesapeake Bay Off, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. [Townsend, Howard] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Chesapeake Bay Off, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. RP Ihde, T (reprint author), NOAA, Versar Inc, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Chesapeake Bay Off, 410 Severn Ave,Suite 207-A, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. EM Tom.Ihde@noaa.gov; Howard.Townsend@noaa.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD AUG 26 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 8 BP 363 EP 369 DI 10.1080/03632415.2013.813487 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 204MJ UT WOS:000323369100011 ER PT J AU Bigford, TE AF Bigford, Thomas E. TI The Ecosystem Perspective SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Habitat Conservat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bigford, TE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Habitat Conservat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Thomas.bigford@noaa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD AUG 26 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 8 DI 10.1080/03632415.2013.813485 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 204MJ UT WOS:000323369100003 ER PT J AU Quattro, JM Driggers, WB Grady, JM Ulrich, GF Roberts, MA AF Quattro, Joseph M. Driggers, William B., III Grady, James M. Ulrich, Glenn F. Roberts, Mark A. TI Sphyrna gilberti sp nov., a new hammerhead shark (Carcharhiniformes, Sphyrnidae) from the western Atlantic Ocean SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Carolina hammerhead; cartilaginous fishes; Chondrichthyes; cryptic species; Elasmobranchii ID IDENTIFICATION; FISHES AB Sphyrna gilberti sp. nov. is described based on 54 specimens collected in the coastal waters of South Carolina, U.S.A. Morphologically, S. gilberti sp. nov. is separable from S. lewini (Griffith & Smith 1834) only in the number of precaudal vertebrae. Due to rarity of specimens and the highly migratory behavior of most sphyrnids, the range of S. gilberti sp. nov. is unknown. C1 [Quattro, Joseph M.; Roberts, Mark A.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Driggers, William B., III] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Grady, James M.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Ulrich, Glenn F.] South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Marine Resources Div, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Quattro, JM (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM JosephQ@mailbox.sc.edu OI Roberts, Mark/0000-0002-0931-9363 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 25 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 26 PY 2013 VL 3702 IS 2 BP 159 EP 178 PG 20 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 205DU UT WOS:000323422700005 PM 26146715 ER PT J AU Anderson, JJ Gurarie, E Bracis, C Burke, BJ Laidre, KL AF Anderson, James J. Gurarie, Eliezer Bracis, Chloe Burke, Brian J. Laidre, Kristin L. TI Modeling climate change impacts on phenology and population dynamics of migratory marine species SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Migratory marine species; Modeling; Phenology; Adaption; Phenotypic plasticity ID TUNA THUNNUS-THYNNUS; ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PACIFIC SALMON; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; ENVELOPE MODELS; NORTH-AMERICA; COASTAL OCEAN; ECOLOGICAL RESPONSES AB We review literature concerning the impacts of climate change on the migration of marine species, with an emphasis on the adaptation of migration phenology through genetic tracking and phenotypic plasticity. We then develop an individual-based modeling framework characterizing the effects of climate change on phenology and population dynamics. In the framework, an animal's ability to match its environmental preferences, its bioclimate envelope, to the environmental conditions by adjusting its migration timing between foraging and breeding habitats determines its condition, survival, and fecundity. Climate-induced changes in the envelope produce timing mismatches that result in a population adapting its phenology through both genetic and plastic processes. Model results suggest: (1) the temporal size of the bioclimate envelope is an important determinant of a population's sensitivity to climate change and susceptibility to extinction, (2) population extinction can occur if the rate of change in the timing of the envelope exceeds the rate its phenology changes or if the variability in the envelope exceeds the population's inherent capacity for variability, (3) a population with migration timing cued by photoperiod is expected to exhibit weaker phenotypic plasticity than one cued by temperature, and (4) population extinction in response to climate change follows a threshold pattern such that population size may not be a reliable indicator of extinction threat, although variability in average individual condition across years may be an extinction threat indicator. Finally, while the model is intentionally simplistic, we discuss how it can be extended to cover more complex interactions. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Anderson, James J.; Gurarie, Eliezer; Laidre, Kristin L.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bracis, Chloe] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Burke, Brian J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Laidre, Kristin L.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Anderson, JJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 358218, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jjand@uw.edu; eliezg@uw.edu; cbracis@uw.edu; Brian.Burke@noaa.gov; klaidre@apl.washington.edu OI Gurarie, Eliezer/0000-0002-8666-9674 FU Bonneville Power Administration; Army Corps of Engineers; NOAA Fisheries FX This work was supported by Bonneville Power Administration, the Army Corps of Engineers, and NOAA Fisheries. NR 130 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 20 U2 231 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD AUG 24 PY 2013 VL 264 SI SI BP 83 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.03.009 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 198QZ UT WOS:000322938700008 ER PT J AU Nye, JA Gamble, RJ Link, JS AF Nye, Janet A. Gamble, Robert J. Link, Jason S. TI The relative impact of warming and removing top predators on the Northeast US large marine biotic community SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE ATLANTIS; Ecosystem modeling; Ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM); Top predators; Climate; Additive and non-additive interactions ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; ECOSYSTEM MODELS; GEORGES-BANK; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; REGIME SHIFTS; FOOD-WEB; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; TROPHIC STRUCTURE; FISH COMMUNITIES AB Ecosystem-based fisheries management necessitates that we take a more holistic view of the many factors affecting ecosystems. All too often, perturbations to fisheries ecosystems are studied in isolation even though there may be important interactions among them that yield unexpected ecosystem states. The Northeast US continental shelf large marine ecosystem (NES LME) has undergone a number of changes in biophysical processes, trophic structure, and exploitation rates over the last fifty years. Changes in community assemblages, shifts in spatial distribution of many species, and the failure of fisheries to fully recover from overexploitation in the NES LME have been attributed to both the removal of large demersal fish predators and climate variability, as well as indirect effects cascading through the food web. As with many ecosystems, it is difficult to separate the effects of multiple perturbations that can affect marine ecosystems. However, recent advances in ecosystem modeling allow us to explore the relative and synergistic effects of these perturbations in silica that would otherwise be impossible in situ or experimentally. We examined the relative effects of warming and removal of large predators by modeling both of these effects separately and then in combination. Interactions amongst such changes tended to be additive, but the magnitude of synergistic effects was potentially very large in some cases. These results demonstrate the power of ecosystem models in evaluating management options. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nye, Janet A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02881 USA. [Nye, Janet A.; Gamble, Robert J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Link, Jason S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Nye, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02881 USA. EM Janet.Nye@stonybrook.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank S. Lucey, J. Grear, D. Campbell and 3 anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. This is contribution number AED-12-028 of the Atlantic Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Although the research described in this article has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to Agency review. Therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. NR 105 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 87 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD AUG 24 PY 2013 VL 264 SI SI BP 157 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.08.019 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 198QZ UT WOS:000322938700013 ER PT J AU Li, SM Manmana, SR Rey, AM Hipolito, R Reinhard, A Riou, JF Zundel, LA Weiss, DS AF Li, Shuming Manmana, Salvatore R. Rey, Ana Maria Hipolito, Rafael Reinhard, Aaron Riou, Jean-Felix Zundel, Laura A. Weiss, David S. TI Self-trapping dynamics in a two-dimensional optical lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID TONKS-GIRARDEAU GAS; QUANTUM DYNAMICS; ONE-DIMENSION; BOSONS AB We describe theoretical models for the recent experimental observation of macroscopic quantum self-trapping (MQST) in the transverse dynamics of an ultracold bosonic gas in a two-dimensional lattice. The pure mean-field model based on the solution of coupled nonlinear equations fails to reproduce the experimental observations. It greatly overestimates the initial expansion rates at short times and predicts a slower expansion rate of the cloud at longer times. It also predicts the formation of a hole surrounded by a steep square fortlike barrier which was not observed in the experiment. An improved theoretical description based on a simplified truncated Wigner approximation (TWA), which adds phase and number fluctuations in the initial conditions, pushes the theoretical results closer to the experimental observations but fails to quantitatively reproduce them. An explanation of the delayed expansion as a consequence of a type of self-trapping mechanism, where quantum correlations suppress tunneling even when there are no density gradients, is discussed and supported by numerical time-dependent density matrix renormalization group (t-DMRG) calculations performed in a simplified two coupled tubes setup. C1 [Li, Shuming; Manmana, Salvatore R.; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Manmana, Salvatore R.] Univ Gottingen, Inst Theoret Phys, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Hipolito, Rafael] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Reinhard, Aaron; Riou, Jean-Felix; Zundel, Laura A.; Weiss, David S.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Reinhard, Aaron] Otterbein Univ, Dept Phys, Westerville, OH 43081 USA. RP Li, SM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, NIST, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Weiss, David/B-7886-2010; Manmana, Salvatore /C-9822-2011 OI Manmana, Salvatore /0000-0002-4070-0576 FU AFOSR YI; National Science Foundation (NSF) [PHY 11-02737]; US Army Research Office (ARO); Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); NSF [1125844]; AFOSR; ARO; ARO (DARPA OLE) FX R.H. was supported by the AFOSR YI. D. S. W. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) (Grant No. PHY 11-02737), the US Army Research Office (ARO), and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). A. M. R and S. Li acknowledge support from NSF (Grant No. 1125844), the AFOSR, ARO, and the ARO (DARPA OLE). NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG 23 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 2 AR 023419 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.88.023419 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 207AZ UT WOS:000323570100008 ER PT J AU Lamoreaux, SK van Bibber, KA Lehnert, KW Carosi, G AF Lamoreaux, S. K. van Bibber, K. A. Lehnert, K. W. Carosi, G. TI Analysis of single-photon and linear amplifier detectors for microwave cavity dark matter axion searches SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID RYDBERG ATOMS; QUANTUM-NOISE; CIRCUIT AB We show that at higher frequencies, and thus higher axion masses, single-photon detectors become competitive and ultimately favored, when compared to quantum-limited linear amplifiers, as the detector technology in microwave cavity experimental searches for galactic halo dark matter axions. The crossover point in this comparison is of order 10 GHz (similar to 40 mu eV), not far above the frequencies of current searches. C1 [Lamoreaux, S. K.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [van Bibber, K. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lehnert, K. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Carosi, G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lamoreaux, SK (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Phys, POB 208120, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM steve.lamoreaux@yale.edu RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649 FU National Science Foundation [PHY-1067242, PHY-1306729]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was supported under the auspices of the National Science Foundation, under Grants No. PHY-1067242 and No. PHY-1306729, and the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 23 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 3 AR 035020 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.88.035020 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 207BX UT WOS:000323572800007 ER PT J AU Read, JS Baiotti, L Creighton, JDE Friedman, JL Giacomazzo, B Kyutoku, K Markakis, C Rezzolla, L Shibata, M Taniguchi, K AF Read, Jocelyn S. Baiotti, Luca Creighton, Jolien D. E. Friedman, John L. Giacomazzo, Bruno Kyutoku, Koutarou Markakis, Charalampos Rezzolla, Luciano Shibata, Masaru Taniguchi, Keisuke TI Matter effects on binary neutron star waveforms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LOCAL CHARACTERISTIC APPROACH; GRAVITATIONAL-WAVES; RELATIVISTIC HYDRODYNAMICS; NUMERICAL RELATIVITY; RAY-BURSTS; PERTURBATIONS; EQUATIONS; MASSES; RADII; CODE AB Using an extended set of equations of state and a multiple-group multiple-code collaborative effort to generate waveforms, we improve numerical-relativity-based data-analysis estimates of the measurability of matter effects in neutron-star binaries. We vary two parameters of a parametrized piecewise-polytropic equation of state (EOS) to analyze the measurability of EOS properties, via a parameter Lambda that characterizes the quadrupole deformability of an isolated neutron star. We find that, to within the accuracy of the simulations, the departure of the waveform from point-particle (or spinless double black-hole binary) inspiral increases monotonically with Lambda and changes in the EOS that did not change Lambda are not measurable. We estimate with two methods the minimal and expected measurability of Lambda in second- and third-generation gravitational-wave detectors. The first estimate using numerical waveforms alone shows that two EOSs which vary in radius by 1.3 km are distinguishable in mergers at 100 Mpc. The second estimate relies on the construction of hybrid waveforms by matching to post-Newtonian inspiral and estimates that the same EOSs are distinguishable in mergers at 300 Mpc. We calculate systematic errors arising from numerical uncertainties and hybrid construction, and we estimate the frequency at which such effects would interfere with template-based searches. C1 [Read, Jocelyn S.] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA. [Read, Jocelyn S.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Baiotti, Luca] Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 5670086, Japan. [Baiotti, Luca; Shibata, Masaru] Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Creighton, Jolien D. E.; Friedman, John L.; Kyutoku, Koutarou] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Giacomazzo, Bruno] Univ Colorado, JILA, UCB 440, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Giacomazzo, Bruno] NIST, UCB 440, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Markakis, Charalampos] Univ Jena, Inst Theoret Phys, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Rezzolla, Luciano] Albert Einstein Inst, Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, D-14476 Golm, Germany. [Markakis, Charalampos] Univ Southampton, Sch Math, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Taniguchi, Keisuke] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538902, Japan. RP Read, JS (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA. RI Taniguchi, Keisuke/G-2694-2011; Giacomazzo, Bruno/I-8088-2012; OI Giacomazzo, Bruno/0000-0002-6947-4023; Markakis, Charalampos/0000-0002-5524-0410 FU Japanese MEXT [24740163]; NSF [PHY-1055103, PHY-0970074, PHY-0900735, PHY-0701817, PHY-0503366, PHY-1001515, AST 1009396, OCI-1053575, PHY1001515]; NASA [NNX12AO67G]; JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowship for Research Abroad; DFG [SFB/Transregio 7]; STFC [PP/E001025/1]; [22740163] FX This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Grant No. 24740163) of Japanese MEXT, by NSF Grants No. PHY-1055103, No. PHY-0970074, No. PHY-0900735, No. PHY-0701817, No. PHY-0503366, and No. PHY-1001515, and by the Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (Grant No. 22740163). B. G. acknowledges support from NSF Grant No. AST 1009396 and NASA Grant No. NNX12AO67G. This work used XSEDE (Allocation No. TG-PHY110027) which is supported by NSF Grant No. OCI-1053575. K. K. is supported by JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowship for Research Abroad. C. M. acknowledges support by NSF Grant No. PHY1001515, DFG Grant No. SFB/Transregio 7 "Gravitational Wave Astronomy,'' and STFC Grant No. PP/E001025/1. We thank B. D. Lackey for reading a draft of the paper and suggesting changes, for helpful conversations, and for providing Fig. 2. J. S. R. thanks the "Rattle and Shine'' workshop at KITP (Santa Barbara) and the "YKIS2013'' workshop at YITP (Kyoto) for useful discussions. NR 98 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 23 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 4 AR 044042 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.88.044042 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 207CA UT WOS:000323573200008 ER PT J AU Nelson, TC Doukakis, P Lindley, ST Schreier, AD Hightower, JE Hildebrand, LR Whitlock, RE Webb, MAH AF Nelson, Troy C. Doukakis, Phaedra Lindley, Steven T. Schreier, Andrea D. Hightower, Joseph E. Hildebrand, Larry R. Whitlock, Rebecca E. Webb, Molly A. H. TI Research Tools to Investigate Movements, Migrations, and Life History of Sturgeons (Acipenseridae), with an Emphasis on Marine-Oriented Populations SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; JUVENILE GREEN STURGEON; LOWER COLUMBIA-RIVER; PECTORAL FIN RAYS; INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; STOCK REDUCTION ANALYSIS; DNA CONTROL REGION; LOWER FRASER-RIVER; STATE-SPACE MODEL; WHITE STURGEON AB Worldwide, sturgeons (Acipenseridae) are among the most endangered fishes due to habitat degradation, overfishing, and inherent life history characteristics (long life span, late maturation, and infrequent spawning). As most sturgeons are anadromous, a considerable portion of their life history occurs in estuarine and marine environments where they may encounter unique threats (e.g., interception in non-target fisheries). Of the 16 marine-oriented species, 12 are designated as Critically Endangered by the IUCN, and these include species commercially harvested. We review important research tools and techniques (tagging, electronic tagging, genetics, microchemistry, observatory) and discuss the comparative utility of these techniques to investigate movements, migrations, and life-history characteristics of sturgeons. Examples are provided regarding what the applications have revealed regarding movement and migration and how this information can be used for conservation and management. Through studies that include Gulf (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) and Green Sturgeon (A. medirostris), we illustrate what is known about well-studied species and then explore lesser-studied species. A more complete picture of migration is available for North American sturgeon species, while European and Asian species, which are among the most endangered sturgeons, are less understood. We put forth recommendations that encourage the support of stewardship initiatives to build awareness and provide key information for population assessment and monitoring. C1 [Nelson, Troy C.] Fraser River Sturgeon Conservat Soc, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Doukakis, Phaedra] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Lindley, Steven T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Schreier, Andrea D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hightower, Joseph E.] NC State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, NC Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC USA. [Hildebrand, Larry R.] Golder Associates, Castlegar, BC, Canada. [Whitlock, Rebecca E.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Webb, Molly A. H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Nelson, TC (reprint author), Fraser River Sturgeon Conservat Soc, Vancouver, BC, Canada. EM troy@frasersturgeon.com OI Schreier, Andrea/0000-0002-2241-3119 FU Pacific Ocean Shelf Tracking Project (POST); Census of Marine Life; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Vancouver Aquarium Marine Science Centre FX Funding for this work was provided by a grant to TCN from the Pacific Ocean Shelf Tracking Project (POST) and their partners, The Census of Marine Life, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and the Vancouver Aquarium Marine Science Centre. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 237 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 55 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 22 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 8 AR e71552 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0071552 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 218ZA UT WOS:000324470700018 PM 23990959 ER PT J AU Ostberg, CO Hauser, L Pritchard, VL Garza, JC Naish, KA AF Ostberg, Carl O. Hauser, Lorenz Pritchard, Victoria L. Garza, John C. Naish, Kerry A. TI Chromosome rearrangements, recombination suppression, and limited segregation distortion in hybrids between Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri) and rainbow trout (O. mykiss) SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION RATIO DISTORTION; MICROSATELLITE LINKAGE MAP; CHAR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; MUS-MUSCULUS-DOMESTICUS; GENE FLOW; HOUSE MOUSE; INTROGRESSIVE HYBRIDIZATION; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; SPECIES COMPLEX AB Background: Introgressive hybridization is an important evolutionary process that can lead to the creation of novel genome structures and thus potentially new genetic variation for selection to act upon. On the other hand, hybridization with introduced species can threaten native species, such as cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) following the introduction of rainbow trout (O. mykiss). Neither the evolutionary consequences nor conservation implications of rainbow trout introgression in cutthroat trout is well understood. Therefore, we generated a genetic linkage map for rainbow-Yellowstone cutthroat trout (O. clarkii bouvieri) hybrids to evaluate genome processes that may help explain how introgression affects hybrid genome evolution. Results: The hybrid map closely aligned with the rainbow trout map (a cutthroat trout map does not exist), sharing all but one linkage group. This linkage group (RYHyb20) represented a fusion between an acrocentric (Omy28) and a metacentric chromosome (Omy20) in rainbow trout. Additional mapping in Yellowstone cutthroat trout indicated the two rainbow trout homologues were fused in the Yellowstone genome. Variation in the number of hybrid linkage groups (28 or 29) likely depended on a Robertsonian rearrangement polymorphism within the rainbow trout stock. Comparison between the female-merged F-1 map and a female consensus rainbow trout map revealed that introgression suppressed recombination across large genomic regions in 5 hybrid linkage groups. Two of these linkage groups (RYHyb20 and RYHyb25_29) contained confirmed chromosome rearrangements between rainbow and Yellowstone cutthroat trout indicating that rearrangements may suppress recombination. The frequency of allelic and genotypic segregation distortion varied among parents and families, suggesting few incompatibilities exist between rainbow and Yellowstone cutthroat trout genomes. Conclusions: Chromosome rearrangements suppressed recombination in the hybrids. This result supports several previous findings demonstrating that recombination suppression restricts gene flow between chromosomes that differ by arrangement. Conservation of synteny and map order between the hybrid and rainbow trout maps and minimal segregation distortion in the hybrids suggest rainbow and Yellowstone cutthroat trout genomes freely introgress across chromosomes with similar arrangement. Taken together, these results suggest that rearrangements impede introgression. Recombination suppression across rearrangements could enable large portions of non-recombined chromosomes to persist within admixed populations. C1 [Ostberg, Carl O.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Ostberg, Carl O.; Hauser, Lorenz; Naish, Kerry A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Pritchard, Victoria L.; Garza, John C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Pritchard, Victoria L.; Garza, John C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Ostberg, CO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM costberg@usgs.gov RI Hauser, Lorenz/E-4365-2010; Naish, Kerry/F-5768-2014; OI Naish, Kerry/0000-0002-3275-8778; Pritchard, Victoria/0000-0003-0992-7403 FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Marine Fisheries Service FX The authors wish to acknowledge support from the staff at Henry's Lake Fish Hatchery and Fish Management Station and Hayspur Hatchery, Idaho Department of Fish and Game. Jeff Duda assisted in fish care. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Marine Fisheries Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 80 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 44 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD AUG 22 PY 2013 VL 14 AR 570 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-14-570 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 210OA UT WOS:000323841900001 PM 23968234 ER PT J AU Liu, FH Hsu, CS Chuang, CS Woo, TP Huang, LI Lo, ST Fukuyama, Y Yang, YF Elmquist, RE Liang, CT AF Liu, Fan-Hung Hsu, Chang-Shun Chuang, Chiashain Woo, Tak-Pong Huang, Lung-I Lo, Shun-Tsung Fukuyama, Yasuhiro Yang, Yanfei Elmquist, Randolph E. Liang, Chi-Te TI Dirac fermion heating, current scaling, and direct insulator-quantum Hall transition in multilayer epitaxial graphene SO NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Graphene; Magnetoresistivity measurements; Direct insulator-quantum Hall transition ID FIELD-INDUCED DELOCALIZATION; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; TRANSPORT; HETEROSTRUCTURE; PLATEAUS; SYSTEM; PHASE; FILMS AB We have performed magnetotransport measurements on multilayer epitaxial graphene. By increasing the driving current I through our graphene devices while keeping the bath temperature fixed, we are able to study Dirac fermion heating and current scaling in such devices. Using zero-field resistivity as a self thermometer, we are able to determine the effective Dirac fermion temperature (T (DF)) at various driving currents. At zero field, it is found that T (DF) ae I (a parts per thousand 1/2). Such results are consistent with electron heating in conventional two-dimensional systems in the plateau-plateau transition regime. With increasing magnetic field B, we observe an I-independent point in the measured longitudinal resistivity rho (xx) which is equivalent to the direct insulator-quantum Hall (I-QH) transition characterized by a temperature-independent point in rho (xx). Together with recent experimental evidence for direct I-QH transition, our new data suggest that such a transition is a universal effect in graphene, albeit further studies are required to obtain a thorough understanding of such an effect. C1 [Liu, Fan-Hung; Hsu, Chang-Shun; Lo, Shun-Tsung; Liang, Chi-Te] Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Appl Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Chuang, Chiashain; Woo, Tak-Pong; Huang, Lung-I; Liang, Chi-Te] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Fukuyama, Yasuhiro] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. [Yang, Yanfei; Elmquist, Randolph E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Liang, CT (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Appl Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM ctliang@phys.ntu.edu.tw RI Liang, Chi-Te/A-3902-2009 OI Liang, Chi-Te/0000-0003-4435-5949 FU National Science Council (NSC), Taiwan; National Taiwan University [102R7552-2] FX This work was funded by the National Science Council (NSC), Taiwan and National Taiwan University (grant number 102R7552-2). NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1931-7573 J9 NANOSCALE RES LETT JI Nanoscale Res. Lett. PD AUG 22 PY 2013 VL 8 AR 360 DI 10.1186/1556-276X-8-360 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 208HJ UT WOS:000323668300001 PM 23968131 ER PT J AU Goldbogen, JA Southall, BL DeRuiter, SL Calambokidis, J Friedlaender, AS Hazen, EL Falcone, EA Schorr, GS Douglas, A Moretti, DJ Kyburg, C McKenna, MF Tyack, PL AF Goldbogen, Jeremy A. Southall, Brandon L. DeRuiter, Stacy L. Calambokidis, John Friedlaender, Ari S. Hazen, Elliott L. Falcone, Erin A. Schorr, Gregory S. Douglas, Annie Moretti, David J. Kyburg, Chris McKenna, Megan F. Tyack, Peter L. TI Blue whales respond to simulated mid-frequency military sonar SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE blue whale; military sonar; underwater noise; sensory ecology; foraging; bio-logging ID ACOUSTIC RECORDING TAG; BEAKED-WHALES; MARINE MAMMALS; BALEEN WHALES; CETACEANS; BEHAVIOR; LUNGE; SOUND; STRATEGIES; PREDATOR AB Mid-frequency military (1-10 kHz) sonars have been associated with lethal mass strandings of deep-diving toothed whales, but the effects on endangered baleen whale species are virtually unknown. Here, we used controlled exposure experiments with simulated military sonar and other mid-frequency sounds to measure behavioural responses of tagged blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) in feeding areas within the Southern California Bight. Despite using source levels orders of magnitude below some operational military systems, our results demonstrate that mid-frequency sound can significantly affect blue whale behaviour, especially during deep feeding modes. When a response occurred, behavioural changes varied widely from cessation of deep feeding to increased swimming speed and directed travel away from the sound source. The variability of these behavioural responses was largely influenced by a complex interaction of behavioural state, the type of mid-frequency sound and received sound level. Sonar-induced disruption of feeding and displacement from high-quality prey patches could have significant and previously undocumented impacts on baleen whale foraging ecology, individual fitness and population health. C1 [Goldbogen, Jeremy A.; Calambokidis, John; Falcone, Erin A.; Schorr, Gregory S.; Douglas, Annie] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Southall, Brandon L.; Friedlaender, Ari S.] Southall Environm Associates Inc, Aptos, CA 95003 USA. [Southall, Brandon L.; Friedlaender, Ari S.; Hazen, Elliott L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Friedlaender, Ari S.; Hazen, Elliott L.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Hazen, Elliott L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Grove, CA USA. [Moretti, David J.] USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Div Newport, Newport, RI USA. [Kyburg, Chris] Spawar Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [McKenna, Megan F.] Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [DeRuiter, Stacy L.] Univ St Andrews, CREEM, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. [Tyack, Peter L.] Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. RP Goldbogen, JA (reprint author), Cascadia Res Collect, 218 1-2 W 4th Ave, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM jgoldbogen@gmail.com; brandon.southall@sea-inc.net RI Hazen, Elliott/G-4149-2014; OI Hazen, Elliott/0000-0002-0412-7178; DeRuiter, Stacy/0000-0002-0571-0306 FU Naval Operations Environmental Readiness Division; Office of Naval Research FX Funding provided by Chief of Naval Operations Environmental Readiness Division and the Office of Naval Research. NR 43 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 20 U2 201 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD AUG 22 PY 2013 VL 280 IS 1765 AR 20130657 DI 10.1098/rspb.2013.0657 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 175TH UT WOS:000321255700009 PM 23825206 ER PT J AU Barzilai, S Tavazza, F Levine, LE AF Barzilai, S. Tavazza, F. Levine, L. E. TI Disparate effects of an O-2 internal impurity on the elongation and quantum transport of gold and silver nanowires SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION; CONDUCTANCE; MOLECULES AB In this work, we investigated the effects of an internal O-2 impurity on the conductance of elongated gold and silver nanowires (NWs) using density functional theory calculations. We found that the O-2 interacts with these metallic NWs very differently. In the case of gold NWs, the presence of an internal oxygen molecule locally strengthens the wire, therefore, forcing the phase transformations connected to the thinning process (3D to 2D and 2D to single atom chain) to occur far from the oxygen. As a consequence, towards the end of the elongation, the internal O-2 is located far from the main conductance channel and therefore has little influence on the conductance of the NW. In contrast, in silver NWs, the presence of an internal oxygen molecule involves a larger charge transfer from the metallic atoms to the oxygen, therefore, weakening the Ag-Ag binding. During the initial stages of the elongation, several metallic bonds adjacent to the impurity break, so that in most simulations the NW thinning takes place near the O-2. This thinning mechanism places the O-2 near the main conductance channel, therefore, significantly reducing the conductivity of the elongated silver NWs. For both metals, our findings agree well with the published experimental results. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Barzilai, S.; Tavazza, F.; Levine, L. E.] NIST, MSED, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Barzilai, S (reprint author), NIST, MSED, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 21 PY 2013 VL 114 IS 7 AR 074315 DI 10.1063/1.4818956 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 206HV UT WOS:000323510900068 ER PT J AU Grutter, AJ Yang, H Kirby, BJ Fitzsimmons, MR Aguiar, JA Browning, ND Jenkins, CA Arenholz, E Mehta, VV Alaan, US Suzuki, Y AF Grutter, A. J. Yang, H. Kirby, B. J. Fitzsimmons, M. R. Aguiar, J. A. Browning, N. D. Jenkins, C. A. Arenholz, E. Mehta, V. V. Alaan, U. S. Suzuki, Y. TI Interfacial Ferromagnetism in LaNiO3/CaMnO3 Superlattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OXIDE SUPERLATTICES; STATES; PEROVSKITES; TRANSITION; EELS; MN AB We observe interfacial ferromagnetism in superlattices of the paramagnetic metal LaNiO3 and the antiferromagnetic insulator CaMnO3. LaNiO3 exhibits a thickness dependent metal-insulator transition and we find the emergence of ferromagnetism to be coincident with the conducting state of LaNiO3. That is, only superlattices in which the LaNiO3 layers are metallic exhibit ferromagnetism. Using several magnetic probes, we have determined that the ferromagnetism arises in a single unit cell of CaMnO3 at the interface. Together these results suggest that ferromagnetism can be attributed to a double exchange interaction among Mn ions mediated by the adjacent itinerant metal. C1 [Grutter, A. J.; Mehta, V. V.; Alaan, U. S.; Suzuki, Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Grutter, A. J.; Mehta, V. V.; Suzuki, Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Grutter, A. J.; Alaan, U. S.; Suzuki, Y.] Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Grutter, A. J.; Alaan, U. S.; Suzuki, Y.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Yang, H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mat Sci & Chem Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kirby, B. J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fitzsimmons, M. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Aguiar, J. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Browning, N. D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Jenkins, C. A.; Arenholz, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Grutter, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X; Aguiar, Jeffery/0000-0001-6101-4762; Alaan, Urusa/0000-0003-1109-3399 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DESC0008505, DE-AC05-76RL01830]; DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0226]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Contracts No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 (Berkeley & ALS), No. DESC0008505 (Stanford), and No. DE-AC05-76RL01830 (H. Y.). Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. U. S. A. is supported by the Office of Naval Research (Contract No. N00014-10-1-0226). Work at Pacific Northwest National Lab was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830. A portion of the PNNL research was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. NR 23 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 80 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 21 PY 2013 VL 111 IS 8 AR 087202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.087202 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 205FH UT WOS:000323427600006 PM 24010469 ER PT J AU Drumm, DT Bamber, RN AF Drumm, David T. Bamber, Roger N. TI A new species of Fageapseudes (Crustacea: Peracarida: Tanaidacea) from California, with comments on the systematics of the family Apseudidae SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Apseudidae; Leviapseudinae; new species; Fageapseudes pluma; California ID APSEUDOMORPHA AB Examination of material housed at the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History revealed a new species of Fageapseudes from 4100 m depth off California, the first record of the genus in the eastern North Pacific. Fageapseudes pluma n. sp. is very similar to the Japanese species Fageapseudes brachyomos Bamber, but can be distinguished by differences in setation and by having fewer articles in the antennal flagellum and uropodal exopodite. It is unique for the genus and subfamily in having the inner caudo-distal seta of the maxillipedal endite "feather-like" instead of "leaf-like" or simply setulose. Problems with the current classification of the Apseudidae are briefly discussed, and new diagnoses are established for the subfamily Leviapseudinae and the genus Fageapseudes. C1 [Drumm, David T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Drumm, David T.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bamber, Roger N.] Ocean Quay Marina, Artoo Marine Biol Consultants, Southampton SO14 5QY, Hants, England. RP Drumm, DT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM david.drumm@noaa.gov; roger.bamber@artoo.co.uk FU North Pacific Research Board grant [1016, 440]; Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement, University of Washington, Seattle [NA10OAR4320148, 2112] FX The senior author thanks Regina Wetzer and Adam Wall (LACM) for accommodating him during his visit. Adam and Janie Chen (University of Southern California) examined the female pleons and took the picture shown in figure 5. Modest Gutu provided insightful information. Don Cadien clarified the sampling locality. Jay Orr and Duane Stevenson gave comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. We thank the two anonymous reviewers for improving the quality of the manuscript. This research was supported by a North Pacific Research Board grant (number 1016), publication no. 440 and the Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, Contribution No. 2112, University of Washington, Seattle. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 21 PY 2013 VL 3701 IS 4 BP 437 EP 446 DI 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.4.3 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 203RN UT WOS:000323310800003 PM 26191595 ER PT J AU Bender, PL Begelman, MC Gair, JR AF Bender, Peter L. Begelman, Mitchell C. Gair, Jonathan R. TI Possible LISA follow-on mission scientific objectives SO CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY LA English DT Article ID MASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; QUASI-STARS; 1ST STARS; EVOLUTION; UNIVERSE; BINARIES AB A major objective that has been suggested for a follow-on mission to a Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA)-type mission is to investigate more completely how intermediate mass black holes were formed and grew in the early universe, before they evolved into the much more massive black holes at the centers of many galaxies today. The actual design of such a follow-on mission will of course depend on what is observed by a LISA-type mission, such as the recently modified proposal for an evolved LISA mission, with the interferometer arm lengths between spacecraft reduced from 5 million to 1 million km. However, the sensitivity goals of a follow-on mission are likely to be influenced strongly by the desire to be able to see mergers of 10 M-circle dot black holes with roughly 3000 M-circle dot or larger intermediate mass black holes out to as large redshifts as possible. Approximate calculations of the expected signal-to-noise have been made for a possible LISA follow-on mission that was suggested about eight years ago (Bender and Begelman 2005 Trends in Space Science and Cosmic Vision 2020 (Noordwijk: ESA Publications Division) pp 33-38), and was called the Advanced Laser Interferometer Antenna. Based on the calculations, it appears that detections out to a redshift of 10 would be possible for 10 M-circle dot black holes spiraling into perhaps 5000 M-circle dot or larger intermediate mass black holes if the extragalactic gravitational wave background due to close white dwarf binaries is in the currently estimated range. C1 [Bender, Peter L.; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bender, Peter L.; Begelman, Mitchell C.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Astrophys & Planetary Sci Dept, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gair, Jonathan R.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. RP Bender, PL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM pbender@jila.colorado.edu NR 32 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0264-9381 J9 CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV JI Class. Quantum Gravity PD AUG 21 PY 2013 VL 30 IS 16 AR 165017 DI 10.1088/0264-9381/30/16/165017 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 190FL UT WOS:000322324700019 ER PT J AU Alves, LL Bartschat, K Biagi, SF Bordage, MC Pitchford, LC Ferreira, CM Hagelaar, GJM Morgan, WL Pancheshnyi, S Phelps, AV Puech, V Zatsarinny, O AF Alves, L. L. Bartschat, K. Biagi, S. F. Bordage, M. C. Pitchford, L. C. Ferreira, C. M. Hagelaar, G. J. M. Morgan, W. L. Pancheshnyi, S. Phelps, A. V. Puech, V. Zatsarinny, O. TI Comparisons of sets of electron-neutral scattering cross sections and swarm parameters in noble gases: II. Helium and neon SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS; TOWNSEND IONIZATION COEFFICIENT; RADIAL DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENT; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; IMPACT-EXCITATION; BOLTZMANN-EQUATION; LOW-TEMPERATURES; METASTABLE NEON; GLOW-DISCHARGE; 1S4 LEVELS AB This paper is the second of a series of four reports, describing work carried in 2011 in the context of the Plasma Data Exchange Project with the Gaseous Electronics Conference, devoted to intercomparisons between different sets of electron-neutral scattering cross sections from ground-state noble gas atoms, in the energy range from thermal to about 1 keV. The present work compares cross section sets for helium and neon, determined independently, which are available on the open access LXCat website (www.lxcat.laplace.univ-tlse.fr/). The cross sections are used as input data in an electron Boltzmann solver or in Monte Carlo simulations, to calculate different swarm parameters (transport parameters and rate coefficients). The calculated quantities are compared with measurements to assess the quality of the cross sections in providing data for modelling low-temperature plasmas or analysing experiments. The paper includes several appendices prepared by co-authors to the work, presenting details on how the various cross section datasets were compiled or evaluated. C1 [Alves, L. L.; Ferreira, C. M.] Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Super Tecn, Inst Plasmas & Fusao Nucl, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. [Bartschat, K.; Zatsarinny, O.] Drake Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. [Biagi, S. F.] Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. [Bordage, M. C.; Pitchford, L. C.; Hagelaar, G. J. M.; Pancheshnyi, S.] Univ Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LAPLACE Lab Plasma & Convers Energie, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France. [Bordage, M. C.; Pitchford, L. C.; Hagelaar, G. J. M.; Pancheshnyi, S.] CNRS, LAPLACE, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Morgan, W. L.] Kinema Res & Software, Monument, CO 80132 USA. [Phelps, A. V.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Phelps, A. V.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Puech, V.] CNRS, Lab Phys Gaz & Plasmas, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Puech, V.] Univ Paris 11, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Alves, LL (reprint author), Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Super Tecn, Inst Plasmas & Fusao Nucl, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. EM llalves@ist.utl.pt RI Alves, Luis/B-6974-2012; OI Alves, Luis/0000-0002-2677-574X; Ferreira, Carlos/0000-0002-3786-8853 FU Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [Pest-OE/SADG/LA0010/2011]; United States National Science Foundation [PHY-1068140, PHY-1212450]; XSEDE supercomputer [TG-PHY-090031] FX The authors thank S Chowdhury for assisting in organizing the material for this paper. They also thank Dr Yu Ralchenko for his comments. The work of LLA and CMF was partially supported by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, under Project Pest-OE/SADG/LA0010/2011. The work of KB and OZ was supported by the United States National Science Foundation under Grant Nos PHY-1068140 and PHY-1212450, and by the XSEDE supercomputer allocation No TG-PHY-090031. NR 109 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 25 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD AUG 21 PY 2013 VL 46 IS 33 AR 334002 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/46/33/334002 PG 22 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 196OF UT WOS:000322784200003 ER PT J AU Pitchford, LC Alves, LL Bartschat, K Biagi, SF Bordage, MC Phelps, AV Ferreira, CM Hagelaar, GJM Morgan, WL Pancheshnyi, S Puech, V Stauffer, A Zatsarinny, O AF Pitchford, L. C. Alves, L. L. Bartschat, K. Biagi, S. F. Bordage, M. C. Phelps, A. V. Ferreira, C. M. Hagelaar, G. J. M. Morgan, W. L. Pancheshnyi, S. Puech, V. Stauffer, A. Zatsarinny, O. TI Comparisons of sets of electron-neutral scattering cross sections and swarm parameters in noble gases: I. Argon SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS; IMPACT EXCITATION; TRANSPORT COEFFICIENTS; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENT; DRIFT VELOCITIES; MONTE-CARLO; IONIZATION COEFFICIENTS; BOLTZMANN-EQUATION; GLOW-DISCHARGES; SLOW ELECTRONS AB This paper describes work done in the context of the Gaseous Electronics Conference (GEC) Plasma Data Exchange Project (PDEP) as discussed in the preface to this cluster issue. The purposes of this paper and its companion papers are to compare sets of cross sections for electron scattering from ground-state noble gas atoms in the energy range from thermal to about 1 keV and to comment on their applicability for plasma modelling. To these ends, we present in this paper intercomparisons of the nine independently derived sets of cross sections for electron scattering from ground-state argon atoms that have been posted in databases on the LXCat open-access website (www.lxcat.laplace.univ-tlse.fr). We show electron transport, excitation and ionization coefficients (swarm parameters) calculated using these cross section data in Boltzmann solvers and we compare calculated values with measurements. For the most part, the cross section sets have been compiled by co-authors on this paper and appendices giving details about how the various cross sections datasets were compiled have been written by the individual co-authors. Additional appendices discuss our criteria for selection of experimental data to be included in the comparisons and give a brief overview of the methods used here for solving the Boltzmann equation. C1 [Pitchford, L. C.; Bordage, M. C.; Hagelaar, G. J. M.; Pancheshnyi, S.] Univ Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LAPLACE Lab Plasma & Convers Energie, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France. [Pitchford, L. C.; Bordage, M. C.; Hagelaar, G. J. M.; Pancheshnyi, S.] CNRS, LAPLACE, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Alves, L. L.; Ferreira, C. M.] Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Super Tecn, Inst Plasmas & Fusao Nucl, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. [Bartschat, K.; Zatsarinny, O.] Drake Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. [Biagi, S. F.] Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. [Phelps, A. V.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Phelps, A. V.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Morgan, W. L.] Kinema Res & Software, Monument, CO 80132 USA. [Puech, V.] CNRS, Lab Phys Gaz & Plasmas, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Puech, V.] Univ Paris 11, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Stauffer, A.] York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Pitchford, LC (reprint author), Univ Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LAPLACE Lab Plasma & Convers Energie, 118 Route Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France. EM pitchford@laplace.univ-tlse.fr RI Alves, Luis/B-6974-2012; OI Alves, Luis/0000-0002-2677-574X; Ferreira, Carlos/0000-0002-3786-8853 FU United States National Science Foundation [PHY-1068140, PHY-1212450]; XSEDE supercomputer [TG-PHY-090031]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [Pest OE/SADG/LA0010/2011] FX We thank Sanchita Chowdhury for her excellent technical assistance on many aspects of this work. The work of KB and OZ was supported by the United States National Science Foundation under grants No PHY-1068140 and No PHY-1212450, and by the XSEDE supercomputer allocation No TG-PHY-090031. The work of LLA and CMF was partially supported by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, under Project Pest OE/SADG/LA0010/2011. NR 97 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 33 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD AUG 21 PY 2013 VL 46 IS 33 AR 334001 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/46/33/334001 PG 19 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 196OF UT WOS:000322784200002 ER PT J AU Thacker, WC AF Thacker, William Carlisle TI Can Hydrographic Data Provide Evidence That the Rate of Oceanic Uptake of Anthropogenic CO2 Is Increasing? SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Predictions of the rate of accumulation of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the Pacific Ocean near 32 degrees S and 150 degrees W based on the P16 surveys of 1991 and 2005 and on the P06 surveys of 1992 and 2003 underestimate the amount found in the P06 survey of 2009-2010, suggesting an increasing uptake rate. Assuming the accumulation rate to be constant over the two decades, analyses using all five surveys lead to upward revision of the rates based only on the first four. On the other hand, accumulation rates estimated for 2003-2010 are significantly greater than those for 1991-2003, again suggesting an increasing uptake rate. In addressing this question it is important to acknowledge the limitations of the repeat hydrography and consequent uncertainties of estimated accumulation rates. C1 [Thacker, William Carlisle] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Thacker, William Carlisle] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Thacker, WC (reprint author), Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. EM cthacker@rsmas.miami.edu RI Thacker, Carlisle/I-3813-2013 OI Thacker, Carlisle/0000-0002-9285-8826 FU Physical Oceanography Division of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; Office of Naval Research Award [N00014-101-0498] FX This work has been supported by the Physical Oceanography Division of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory and by the Office of Naval Research Award N00014-101-0498. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 20 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 8 AR e71920 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0071920 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 219RU UT WOS:000324527300053 PM 23977179 ER PT J AU Young, WF Matolak, DW Bikhazi, N Holloway, C Koepke, G Fielitz, H Wu, Q Zhang, Q AF Young, William F. Matolak, David W. Bikhazi, Nicholas Holloway, Christopher Koepke, Galen Fielitz, Helge Wu, Qiong Zhang, Qian TI Intra-volume, centralised array concept for improved public-safety communications SO IET MICROWAVES ANTENNAS & PROPAGATION LA English DT Article ID PLACED WIRELESS TRANSMITTERS; TRANSMISSION; NETWORKS AB The author report on the testing and measurements of an intra-volume centralised array concept suitable for public-safety communications in buildings. The centralised array concept refers to the use of several small communication devices that are arbitrarily placed in an area and hence create a real-time communication network. The overall concept is to use randomly located (or arbitrarily placed) wireless devices in a coordinated manner in order to increase the radio-frequency signal level otherwise at unreachable locations. In a typical ad-hoc network, the transmission range of any communication link in that path is limited. We seek to extend the radio-frequency coverage within the array volume by using two or more nodes as elements of a phased array. The measurement results presented here, collected in real-world environments, along with simulations based on real-world data demonstrate that the centralised array technique can provide useful gain, up to 10 dB with only four elements. Both the measurements and simulations also indicate a typical gain of 2 to 6 dB, using only two elements. Analysis of the phase indicates a phase alignment of +/- 45 degrees achieves within 1 dB of the maximum gain. C1 [Young, William F.; Holloway, Christopher; Koepke, Galen] NIST, RF Fields Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Matolak, David W.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Bikhazi, Nicholas] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Fielitz, Helge] Hamburg Univ Technol, D-21079 Hamburg, Germany. [Wu, Qiong] Apple Comp Inc, Cupertino, CA 95014 USA. [Zhang, Qian] InterDigital Corp, King Of Prussia, PA 19406 USA. RP Young, WF (reprint author), NIST, RF Fields Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM wfy@boulder.nist.gov FU US Department of Justice through the Public Safety Communications Research Laboratory FX This work was sponsored by US Department of Justice through the Public Safety Communications Research Laboratory, Derek Orr, Program Manager. The authors thank members of the technical staff of the NIST Electromagnetics Division 818, who pulled together the equipment. The authors also thank Patrick Fine and his staff for providing access to the 555 17th Building in Denver, Colorado. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8725 J9 IET MICROW ANTENNA P JI IET Microw. Antennas Propag. PD AUG 20 PY 2013 VL 7 IS 11 BP 916 EP 925 DI 10.1049/iet-map.2012.0717 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 201MV UT WOS:000323146600007 ER PT J AU Cross, JN Mathis, JT Bates, NR Byrne, RH AF Cross, Jessica N. Mathis, Jeremy T. Bates, Nicholas R. Byrne, Robert H. TI Conservative and non-conservative variations of total alkalinity on the southeastern Bering Sea shelf SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Total alkalinity; Carbon biogeochemistry; Carbonate mineral saturation states; Ocean acidification ID NET COMMUNITY PRODUCTION; EMILIANIA-HUXLEYI BLOOMS; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; ARCTIC-OCEAN; DISSOLUTION KINETICS; INORGANIC CARBON; SURFACE WATERS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PHYSICAL-ENVIRONMENT; ANOMALOUS CONDITIONS AB Recent observations of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) mineral undersaturations on the Bering Sea shelf have prompted new interest in the physical and biological factors that control the inorganic carbon system in the region. Understanding of the dynamics that influence the spatio-temporal variability of total alkalinity (TA) - one major component of the seawater carbonate system - has been constrained by limited historical data collected across the shelf, and the consensus has been that TA is largely conservative. However, the recently documented undersaturated conditions have the potential to cause substantial non-conservative variability in TA in this region through the dissolution of carbonate minerals. In order to quantify the contribution of carbonate mineral precipitation and dissolution to variability in TA on the southeastern Bering Sea shelf, we examined seasonal observations of TA that were made between 2008 and 2010 as part of the BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project. Conservative influences accounted for most of the variability in TA concentrations, with well-constrained mixing dominating in spring and summer of 2008. Bering Shelf Water (BSW) contained a constant ratio of TA to salinity, while river discharge (RW) added TA relative to salinity at a predictable rate. Although substantial organic carbon production and denitrification can cause some non-conservative variation in TA concentrations (a maximum of similar to 15 mu mol kg SW-1 combined), carbonate mineral dissolution and precipitation were shown to be the most important processes responsible for non-conservative TA-salinity relationships. CaCO3 uptake by the dominant pelagic phytoplankton calcifier (i.e., coccolithophores) was shown to alter TA concentrations by as much as 59 mu mol kg SW-1. Evidence for shallow-water CaCO3 mineral dissolution was also observed, which caused TA concentrations to increase by as much as 36 mu mol kg SW-1. Therefore, contrary to our previous understanding, the non-conservative physico-biogeochemical factors observed in this study play an important role in controlling the ocean carbon cycle of the Bering Sea shelf. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cross, Jessica N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Mathis, Jeremy T.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bates, Nicholas R.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, St Georges GE01, Bermuda. [Byrne, Robert H.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Cross, JN (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 245 ONeill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jncross@alaska.edu; jeremy.mathis@noaa.gov; nick.bates@bios.edu; rhbyrne@usf.edu OI Cross, Jessica/0000-0002-6650-9905 NR 129 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 EI 1872-7581 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD AUG 20 PY 2013 VL 154 BP 100 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2013.05.012 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 179SI UT WOS:000321541200010 ER PT J AU Shuai, YM Schaaf, C Zhang, XY Strahler, A Roy, D Morisette, J Wang, ZS Nightingale, J Nickeson, J Richardson, AD Xie, DH Wang, JD Li, XW Strabala, K Davies, JE AF Shuai, Yanmin Schaaf, Crystal Zhang, Xiaoyang Strahler, Alan Roy, David Morisette, Jeffrey Wang, Zhuosen Nightingale, Joanne Nickeson, Jaime Richardson, Andrew D. Xie, Donghui Wang, Jindi Li, Xiaowen Strabala, Kathleen Davies, James E. TI Daily MODIS 500 m reflectance anisotropy direct broadcast (DB) products for monitoring vegetation phenology dynamics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID DECIDUOUS BROADLEAF FOREST; IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MODIS; LAND-SURFACE PHENOLOGY; SPRING PHENOLOGY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GLOBAL CHANGE; NEAR-SURFACE; RAINY-SEASON; REAL-TIME; VARIABILITY AB Land surface vegetation phenology is an efficient bio-indicator for monitoring ecosystem variation in response to changes in climatic factors. The primary objective of the current article is to examine the utility of the daily MODIS 500 m reflectance anisotropy direct broadcast (DB) product for monitoring the evolution of vegetation phenological trends over selected crop, orchard, and forest regions. Although numerous model-fitted satellite data have been widely used to assess the spatio-temporal distribution of land surface phenological patterns to understand phenological process and phenomena, current efforts to investigate the details of phenological trends, especially for natural phenological variations that occur on short time scales, are less well served by remote sensing challenges and lack of anisotropy correction in satellite data sources. The daily MODIS 500 m reflectance anisotropy product is employed to retrieve daily vegetation indices (VI) of a 1 year period for an almond orchard in California and for a winter wheat field in northeast China, as well as a 2 year period for a deciduous forest region in New Hampshire, USA. Compared with the ground records from these regions, the VI trajectories derived from the cloud-free and atmospherically corrected MODIS Nadir BRDF (bidirectional reflectance distribution function) adjusted reflectance (NBAR) capture not only the detailed footprint and principal attributes of the phenological events (such as flowering and blooming) but also the substantial inter-annual variability. This study demonstrates the utility of the daily 500 m MODIS reflectance anisotropy DB product to provide daily VI for monitoring and detecting changes of the natural vegetation phenology as exemplified by study regions comprising winter wheat, almond trees, and deciduous forest. C1 [Shuai, Yanmin] NASA, ERT Inc, Biospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Schaaf, Crystal; Wang, Zhuosen] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Environm, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Zhang, Xiaoyang] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhang, Xiaoyang] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD USA. [Strahler, Alan] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Ctr Remote Sensing, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Roy, David] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Morisette, Jeffrey] US Geol Survey, DOI North Cent Climate Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Nightingale, Joanne; Nickeson, Jaime] NASA, Sigma Space Corp, Terr Informat Syst Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Richardson, Andrew D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Xie, Donghui; Wang, Jindi; Li, Xiaowen] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Xie, Donghui; Wang, Jindi; Li, Xiaowen] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Xie, Donghui; Wang, Jindi; Li, Xiaowen] Beijing Normal Univ, Beijing Key Lab Remote Sensing Environm & Digital, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Xie, Donghui; Wang, Jindi; Li, Xiaowen] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog & Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Strabala, Kathleen; Davies, James E.] UW Madison, SSEC, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Shuai, YM (reprint author), NASA, ERT Inc, Biospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Yanmin.Shuai@nasa.gov RI Zhang, Xiaoyang/E-3208-2010; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011 OI Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714 FU NASA [NNX08AE94A]; State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science [OFSLRSS201102]; National Science Foundation, through the Macrosystems Biology programme [EF-1065029]; Northeastern States Research Cooperative; US Geological Survey Status and Trends Program; US National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program; USA National Phenology Network through US Geological Survey [G10AP00129] FX This work was supported by NASA NNX08AE94A. The authors would like to thank researchers at the YCES (Yucheng Experiment Station, Chinese Academic Sciences (CAS)), contributors to the blue diamond website (http://www.bluediamond.com/applications/in-the-field), contributors to the foliage network (http://www.foliagenetwork.net), researchers at the Bartlett Experiment Forest site for providing the ground phenology information, and a thorough and thoughtful review of the manuscript by Jesslyn Brown, US Geological Survey. Dr Donghui Xie acknowledges support from the open funding programme of the State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science (#OFSLRSS201102). Dr Andrew D. Richardson acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation, through the Macrosystems Biology programme, award EF-1065029; the Northeastern States Research Cooperative; and the US Geological Survey Status and Trends Program, the US National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program, and the USA National Phenology Network through grant number G10AP00129 from the US Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 70 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 63 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD AUG 20 PY 2013 VL 34 IS 16 BP 5997 EP 6016 DI 10.1080/01431161.2013.803169 PG 20 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 161IZ UT WOS:000320187700021 ER PT J AU Russoniello, CJ Fernandez, C Bratton, JF Banaszak, JF Krantz, DE Andres, AS Konikow, LF Michael, HA AF Russoniello, Christopher J. Fernandez, Cristina Bratton, John F. Banaszak, Joel F. Krantz, David E. Andres, A. Scott Konikow, Leonard F. Michael, Holly A. TI Geologic effects on groundwater salinity and discharge into an estuary SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Submarine groundwater discharge; Paleovalley; Seepage meter; Chirp seismic; Continuous resistivity profiling ID PORE-WATER EXCHANGE; INDIAN RIVER BAY; SUBTERRANEAN ESTUARY; COASTAL OCEAN; SEEPAGE METER; WAQUOIT BAY; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; SUBMARINE; NITROGEN; INTERFACE AB Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) can be an important pathway for transport of nutrients and contaminants to estuaries. A better understanding of the geologic and hydrologic controls on these fluxes is critical for their estimation and management. We examined geologic features, porewater salinity, and SGD rates and patterns at an estuarine study site. Seismic data showed the existence of paleovalleys infilled with estuarine mud and peat that extend hundreds of meters offshore. A low-salinity groundwater plume beneath this low-permeability fill was mapped with continuous resistivity profiling. Extensive direct SGD measurements with seepage meters (n = 551) showed fresh groundwater discharge patterns that correlated well with shallow porewater salinity and the hydrogeophysical framework. Small-scale variability in fresh and saline discharge indicates influence of meter-scale geologic heterogeneity, while site-scale discharge patterns are evidence of the influence of the paleovalley feature. Beneath the paleovalley fill, fresh groundwater flows offshore and mixes with saltwater before discharging along paleovalley flanks. On the adjacent drowned interfluve where low-permeability fill is absent, fresh groundwater discharge is focused at the shoreline. Shallow saltwater exchange was greatest across sandy sediments and where fresh SGD was low. The geologic control of groundwater flowpaths and discharge salinity demonstrated in this work are likely to affect geochemical reactions and the chemical loads delivered by SGD to coastal surface waters. Because similar processes are likely to exist in other estuaries where drowned paleovalleys commonly cross modern shorelines, the existence and implications of complex hydrogeology are important considerations for studies of groundwater fluxes and related management decisions. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Russoniello, Christopher J.; Fernandez, Cristina; Michael, Holly A.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Bratton, John F.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Banaszak, Joel F.; Krantz, David E.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci Geol & Ecol, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Andres, A. Scott] Univ Delaware, Delaware Geol Survey, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Konikow, Leonard F.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Michael, Holly A.] Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Michael, HA (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, 255 Acad St, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM hmichael@udel.edu RI Michael, Holly/F-8447-2010; OI Bratton, John/0000-0003-0376-4981 FU Center for the Inland Bays; National Science Foundation [EAR-0910756, EAR-0911805]; Delaware Geological Survey; University of Delaware Water Resources Center FX We thank University of Delaware students and postdocs Andrew Musetto, Kevin Myers, Deon Knights, James Heiss, Lindsay Byron, Md. Mahfuzur Khan, Sean Krepski, Audrey Sawyer, Fang Tan, Nicholas Spalt, and Stephen Gonski for assistance in the field. VeeAnn Cross of the US Geological Survey provided invaluable assistance in geophysical data processing and imaging. Donald Rosenberry of the US Geological Survey and three anonymous reviewers provided insightful comments and reviews that improved the manuscript. Programs within the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control including the Water Supply Section, Subaqueous Lands Section, and Division of Parks and Recreation are thanked for their efforts to issue the necessary permits and for providing access to facilities. We also thank Christopher Bason and the Center for the Inland Bays for facilities and support. This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (EAR-0910756 and EAR-0911805). Additional financial support was provided by the Delaware Geological Survey and the Undergraduate Internship Program of the University of Delaware Water Resources Center. This is GLERL Contribution No. 1661. NR 87 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD AUG 19 PY 2013 VL 498 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.05.049 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 208OK UT WOS:000323688800001 ER PT J AU Goodrich, LF Cheggour, N Stauffer, TC Filla, BJ Lu, XF AF Goodrich, L. F. Cheggour, N. Stauffer, T. C. Filla, B. J. Lu, X. F. TI Kiloampere, Variable-Temperature, Critical-Current Measurements of High-Field Superconductors SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE critical current; helium gas flow; magnesium-boride; niobium-tin; niobium-titanium; superconducting wire; transport current; variable temperature ID CRITICAL CURRENT DENSITIES; HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; HIGH MAGNETIC-FIELDS; ITER NB3SN STRAND; MULTIFILAMENTARY SUPERCONDUCTORS; DEPENDENCE; WIRES; PROBE; COMPOSITES; SULTAN AB We review variable-temperature, transport critical-current (I-c) measurements made on commercial superconductors over a range of critical currents from less than 0.1 A to about 1 kA. We have developed and used a number of systems to make these measurements over the last 15 years. Two exemplary variable-temperature systems with coil sample geometries will be described: a probe that is only variable-temperature and a probe that is variable-temperature and variable-strain. The most significant challenge for these measurements is temperature stability, since large amounts of heat can be generated by the flow of high current through the resistive sample fixture. Therefore, a significant portion of this review is focused on the reduction of temperature errors to less than +/- 0.05 K in such measurements. A key feature of our system is a pre-regulator that converts a flow of liquid helium to gas and heats the gas to a temperature close to the target sample temperature. The pre-regulator is not in close proximity to the sample and it is controlled independently of the sample temperature. This allows us to independently control the total cooling power, and thereby fine tune the sample cooling power at any sample temperature. The same general temperature-control philosophy is used in all of our variable-temperature systems, but the addition of another variable, such as strain, forces compromises in design and results in some differences in operation and protocol. These aspects are analyzed to assess the extent to which the protocols for our systems might be generalized to other systems at other laboratories. Our approach to variable-temperature measurements is also placed in the general context of measurement-system design, and the perceived advantages and disadvantages of design choices are presented. To verify the accuracy of the variable-temperature measurements, we compared critical-current values obtained on a specimen immersed in liquid helium ("liquid" or I-c (liq)) at 5 K to those measured on the same specimen in flowing helium gas ("gas" or I-c (gas)) at the same temperature. These comparisons indicate the temperature control is effective over the superconducting wire length between the voltage taps, and this condition is valid for all types of sample investigated, including Nb-Ti, Nb3Sn, and MgB2 wires. The liquid/gas comparisons are used to study the variable-temperature measurement protocol that was necessary to obtain the "correct" critical current, which was assumed to be the I-c (liq). We also calibrated the magnetoresistance effect of resistive thermometers for temperatures from 4 K to 35 K and magnetic fields from 0 T to 16 T. This calibration reduces systematic errors in the variable-temperature data, but it does not affect the liquid/gas comparison since the same thermometers are used in both cases. C1 [Goodrich, L. F.; Cheggour, N.; Lu, X. F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Goodrich, L. F.; Cheggour, N.; Stauffer, T. C.; Lu, X. F.] NIST, Magnet Grp, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Filla, B. J.] NIST, Off Informat Syst Management, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Goodrich, LF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM loren.goodrich@nist.gov; najib.cheggour@nist.gov; theodore.stauffer@nist.gov; james.filla@nist.gov; xifeng.lu@nist.gov FU U.S. International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) Project Office; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences and Office of High Energy Physics (HEP) FX This work was supported in part by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences and Office of High Energy Physics (HEP), and the U.S. International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) Project Office. The authors acknowledge Supercon1, Luvata Waterbury, Oxford Superconductor Technology, Hyper Tech Research, and the U. S. HEP Conductor Development Program for providing superconducting samples for this study. The authors thank J. D. Splett for useful discussions, data fitting, and review of this paper. We thank the following Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) students who helped develop some of the software and hardware for this work: Joshua Williams, Robert LiKamWa, and Ildiko Walker. We also thank Kimberly A. Goodrich for instruction on document preparation. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 20 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD AUG 19 PY 2013 VL 118 BP 301 EP 352 DI 10.6028/jres.118.015 PG 52 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 224HU UT WOS:000324874900001 PM 26401435 ER PT J AU Nakano, T Afonso, LOB Beckman, BR Iwama, GK Devlin, RH AF Nakano, Toshiki Afonso, Luis O. B. Beckman, Brian R. Iwama, George K. Devlin, Robert H. TI Acute Physiological Stress Down-Regulates mRNA Expressions of Growth-Related Genes in Coho Salmon SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; YEAST PHAFFIA-RHODOZYMA; RAINBOW-TROUT; FACTOR-I; IGF-I; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; EXOGENOUS CORTISOL; HORMONE RECEPTOR; CHANNEL CATFISH; SPARUS-AURATA AB Growth and development in fish are regulated to a major extent by growth-related factors, such as liver-derived insulin-like growth factor (IGF) -1 in response to pituitary-secreted growth hormone (GH) binding to the GH receptor (GHR). Here, we report on the changes in the expressions of gh, ghr, and igf1 genes and the circulating levels of GH and IGF-1 proteins in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in response to handling as an acute physiological stressor. Plasma GH levels were not significantly different between stressed fish and prestressed control. Plasma IGF-1 concentrations in stressed fish 1.5 h post-stress were the same as in control fish, but levels in stressed fish decreased significantly 16 h post-stress. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis showed that ghr mRNA levels in pituitary, liver, and muscle decreased gradually in response to the stressor. After exposure to stress, hepatic igf1 expression transiently increased, whereas levels decreased 16 h post-stress. On the other hand, the pituitary gh mRNA level did not change in response to the stressor. These observations indicate that expression of gh, ghr, and igf1 responded differently to stress. Our results show that acute physiological stress can mainly down-regulate the expressions of growth-related genes in coho salmon in vivo. This study also suggests that a relationship between the neuroendocrine stress response and growth-related factors exists in fish. C1 [Nakano, Toshiki] Tohoku Univ, Marine Biochem Lab, Grad Sch Agr Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Afonso, Luis O. B.] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Marine Biosci IMB NRC, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Beckman, Brian R.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Iwama, George K.] Univ No British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2L 5P2, Canada. [Devlin, Robert H.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, W Vancouver Lab, Ctr Aquaculture & Environm Res CAER DFO UBC, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada. RP Nakano, T (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Marine Biochem Lab, Grad Sch Agr Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. EM nakanot@bios.tohoku.ac.jp RI Afonso, Luis/B-8171-2013 OI Afonso, Luis/0000-0002-5905-1131 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [23580277] FX This work was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI, #23580277) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) to TN. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. No additional external funding received for this study. NR 59 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 24 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 19 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 8 AR e71421 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0071421 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 205ER UT WOS:000323425700050 PM 23990952 ER PT J AU Kochanski, A Jenkins, MA Sun, RY Krueger, S Abedi, S Charney, J AF Kochanski, Adam Jenkins, Mary Ann Sun, Ruiyu Krueger, Steven Abedi, Sepideh Charney, Joseph TI The importance of low-level environmental vertical wind shear to wildfire propagation: Proof of concept SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE atmosphere-fire interaction; wind shear; fire dynamics; fire spread; fire probability; fire plume ID ATMOSPHERE-FIRE MODEL; DATA ASSIMILATION; GRASS FIRES; SPREAD; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS; WEATHER AB This study is a proof of concept of the sensitivity of grassfire propagation to vertical shear in the near-surface environmental flow found through four comparative grassfire numerical simulations with a coupled wildfire-atmosphere model. A unidirectional constant wind field, under neutral atmospheric conditions, no surface friction, Coriolis force or topography, and homogeneous fuel, prescribes the model environment. By using the same surface (at 6.2m above ground level) wind speed for all simulations, analyses of the results can suggest when the behavior and spread rate of the fire may depend more on the interaction of the fire plume with the shear in the above surface wind or more on the magnitude of the mean upstream surface wind speed at the surface. Three aspects of wildfire behavior are investigated: impact of unidirectional vertical shear on surface flow properties and fire line propagation; variability in fire spread and area burnt due to the evolution of the surface flow; and implications of low-level vertical wind shear on the prediction of wildfire, especially extreme or erratic, behavior. C1 [Kochanski, Adam; Krueger, Steven; Abedi, Sepideh] Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Jenkins, Mary Ann] York Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci & Engn, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Sun, Ruiyu] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Charney, Joseph] US Forest Serv, North Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Jenkins, MA (reprint author), York Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci & Engn, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. EM maj@yorku.ca FU United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Research Joint Venture Agreement [03-JV-11231300-08]; Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Fire Research Grants Program [60NANB7D6144]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NSF [CNS-0821794]; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado Denver; NCAR FX This research was supported in part by United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Research Joint Venture Agreement 03-JV-11231300-08, in part by Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Fire Research Grants Program grant 60NANB7D6144, and in part by a grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. A gratis grant of computer time from the Center for High Performance Computing, The University of Utah, is gratefully acknowledged. This work partially utilized the Janus supercomputer, supported by the NSF grant CNS-0821794, the University of Colorado Boulder, University of Colorado Denver, and NCAR. We thank reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. The study and manuscript have benefitted from the resulting changes. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 15 BP 8238 EP 8252 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50436 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 213DA UT WOS:000324032900009 ER PT J AU Gill, EC Chase, TN Sr, RA Wolter, K AF Gill, Emily C. Chase, Thomas N. Pielke, Roger A., Sr. Wolter, Klaus TI Northern Hemisphere summer temperature and specific humidity anomalies from two reanalyses SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE climate; climatology; extreme events; hydroclimatology; time series analysis ID WATER-VAPOR; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PROJECT; TRENDS AB This study investigates the magnitude and spatial extent of extreme summer temperature and specific humidity events in the extratropical northern hemisphere (NHEXT) using the NCEP Reanalysis (1979-2012) and the 20(th) century reanalysis (1871-2010). Specifically, we look at the percentage of area exceeding standard deviation thresholds in layer-averaged (500mb-1000mb) temperature and surface-level specific humidity to classify extremes. We find that: (1) areas of the NHEXT, including the southwestern tip of Greenland, experienced a summer heat wave during 2012 that was almost as extreme in spatial extent and magnitude as the Russian heat wave of 2010, (2) there is an increasing trend in summer heat waves and positive specific humidity anomalies and a decreasing trend in summer cold waves and negative specific humidity anomalies, and (3) while similar patterns in the global trend (1979-2012) in variability exist for both temperature and specific humidity, areas of increased variability are not necessarily the areas that have experienced extreme heat waves. C1 [Gill, Emily C.; Chase, Thomas N.; Pielke, Roger A., Sr.; Wolter, Klaus] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gill, Emily C.; Pielke, Roger A., Sr.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wolter, Klaus] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Gill, EC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, UCB 216, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM emily.gill@colorado.edu RI Wolter, Klaus/D-5988-2015 FU National Science Foundation GK-12 [0946502]; University of Colorado's Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering; NSF [AGS 1219833] FX We thank the University of Colorado's Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, Dr. Balaji Rajagopalan, and Alex Robershotte for their contributions and support in this project. Thank you to Gilbert Compo and Chesley McColl at NOAA's ESRL Physical Sciences Division for your assistance with the 20th Century reanalysis. We also thank the Integrated Teaching and Learning Program under the National Science Foundation GK-12 grant 0946502 as well as the University of Colorado's Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering for funding during this project. Roger Pielke Sr. also received support from NSF Project AGS 1219833. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 15 BP 8297 EP 8305 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50635 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 213DA UT WOS:000324032900013 ER PT J AU Barth, MC Cochran, AK Fiddler, MN Roberts, JM Bililign, S AF Barth, M. C. Cochran, A. K. Fiddler, M. N. Roberts, J. M. Bililign, S. TI Numerical modeling of cloud chemistry effects on isocyanic acid (HNCO) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE cloud chemistry ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; ATMOSPHERE; COMBUSTION; SIMULATION; EMISSIONS; KINETICS; EXHAUST AB Isocyanic acid (HNCO), a product of some combustion processes, can potentially have negative human health effects. While gas phase HNCO loss processes are slow, HNCO loss in the aqueous phase is much faster. The fate of HNCO is studied for different cloud chemistry conditions using a zero-dimensional chemical box model. Exposure to clouds reduces HNCO concentrations substantially under typical cumulus cloud conditions, resulting in the chemical lifetime of HNCO dropping to similar to 2h compared to clear-sky conditions of several years. The effect of clouds on HNCO is strongly dependent on the pH and temperature, with more HNCO hydrolyzed at lower pH (more acidic drops) and higher temperatures. Thus, HNCO is most efficiently removed by fog or low-level stratus clouds and least efficiently removed under middle to upper troposphere conditions where cumulonimbus and pyrocumulus clouds reside. Deliquesced aerosols may be highly efficient at reducing HNCO concentrations. C1 [Barth, M. C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Cochran, A. K.] North Carolina A&T State Univ, Greensboro, NC USA. [Fiddler, M. N.; Bililign, S.] North Carolina A&T State Univ, NOAA ISET Ctr, Greensboro, NC USA. [Roberts, J. M.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Bililign, S.] North Carolina A&T State Univ, Dept Phys, Greensboro, NC USA. RP Barth, MC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM barthm@ucar.edu RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA06OAR4810187]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [ATM0803016]; NOAA; NSF FX This work was supported in part by both the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA award NA06OAR4810187) and the National Science Foundation (NSF award ATM0803016). The NOAA work was supported by NOAA's Climate and Health of the Atmosphere programs. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by NSF. Comments on the manuscript by Louisa Emmons and Geoffrey Tyndall are greatly appreciated. We thank Paul Wennberg (California Institute of Technology) for sharing his findings of HNCO mixing ratios for the DC3 22 June case. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 15 BP 8688 EP 8701 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50661 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 213DA UT WOS:000324032900040 ER PT J AU Riedel, TP Wagner, NL Dube, WP Middlebrook, AM Young, CJ Ozturk, F Bahreini, R VandenBoer, TC Wolfe, DE Williams, EJ Roberts, JM Brown, SS Thornton, JA AF Riedel, Theran P. Wagner, Nicholas L. Dube, William P. Middlebrook, Ann M. Young, Cora J. Ozturk, Fatma Bahreini, Roya VandenBoer, Trevor C. Wolfe, Daniel E. Williams, Eric J. Roberts, James M. Brown, Steven S. Thornton, Joel A. TI Chlorine activation within urban or power plant plumes: Vertically resolved ClNO2 and Cl-2 measurements from a tall tower in a polluted continental setting SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE NACHTT; ClNO2; nitryl chloride; yields; N2O5; Cl-2 ID SEA-SALT AEROSOL; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; HYDROGEN-CHLORIDE; AQUEOUS AEROSOLS; SULFATE AEROSOLS; N2O5 REACTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; GASEOUS N2O5; OZONE; HYDROLYSIS AB Nitryl chloride (ClNO2) is a chlorine atom source and reactive nitrogen reservoir formed during the night by heterogeneous reactions of dinitrogen pentoxide on chloride-containing aerosol particles. The main factors that influence ClNO2 production include nitrogen oxides, ozone, aerosol surface area, soluble chloride, and ambient relative humidity. Regions with strong anthropogenic activity therefore have large ClNO2 formation potential even inland of coastal regions due to transport or local emissions of soluble chloride. As part of the Nitrogen, Aerosol Composition, and Halogens on a Tall Tower field study, we report wintertime vertically resolved ClNO2 and molecular chlorine (Cl-2) measurements taken on a 300 m tall tower located at NOAA's Boulder Atmospheric Observatory in Weld County, CO, during February and March of 2011. Gas and particle phase measurements aboard the tower carriage allowed for a detailed description of the chemical state of the nocturnal atmosphere as a function of height. These observations show significant vertical structure in ClNO2 and Cl-2 mixing ratios that undergo dynamic changes over the course of a night. Using these measurements, we focus on two distinct combustion plume events where ClNO2 mixing ratios reached 600 and 1300 parts per trillion by volume, respectively, aloft of the nocturnal surface layer. We infer ClNO2 yields from N2O5-aerosol reactions using both observational constraints and box modeling. The derived yields in these plumes suggest efficient ClNO2 production compared to the campaign average, where in-plume yields range from 0.3 to 1; the campaign average yield in the boundary layer is 0.05 +/- 0.15, with substantial night-to-night and within night variability similar to previous measurements in this region. C1 [Riedel, Theran P.; Thornton, Joel A.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Riedel, Theran P.; Thornton, Joel A.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wagner, Nicholas L.; Dube, William P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wagner, Nicholas L.; Dube, William P.; Middlebrook, Ann M.; Wolfe, Daniel E.; Williams, Eric J.; Roberts, James M.; Brown, Steven S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Young, Cora J.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Chem, St John, NF A1B 3X7, Canada. [Ozturk, Fatma] Abant Izzet Baysal Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Bolu, Turkey. [Bahreini, Roya] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [VandenBoer, Trevor C.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. RP Thornton, JA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, 408 ATG Bldg Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM thornton@atmos.washington.edu RI VandenBoer, Trevor/F-1032-2011; Wagner, Nicholas/E-7437-2010; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Young, Cora/A-4551-2010; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Thornton, Joel/C-1142-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI VandenBoer, Trevor/0000-0001-8926-4237; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Young, Cora/0000-0002-6908-5829; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867; FU National Science Foundation (NSF CAREER) [ATM-0846183]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA NESSF) [NNX10AN48H] FX This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF CAREER ATM-0846183 to J.A.T). T. P. R. is grateful for an Earth System Science graduate fellowship from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA NESSF NNX10AN48H). We also thank Charles Brock for providing aerosol surface area measurements. NR 49 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 7 U2 70 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 15 BP 8702 EP 8715 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50637 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 213DA UT WOS:000324032900041 ER PT J AU Bryant, AC Painter, TH Deems, JS Bender, SM AF Bryant, Ann C. Painter, Thomas H. Deems, Jeffrey S. Bender, Stacie M. TI Impact of dust radiative forcing in snow on accuracy of operational runoff prediction in the Upper Colorado River Basin SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE dust; radiative forcing; streamflow; snow hydrology; MODIS ID ENERGY-BALANCE; CLIMATE; DEPOSITION; ALBEDO; REGION; MODEL AB Accurate prediction of snowmelt runoff is critical in the US Intermountain West, where water demand is increasing and snow patterns are shifting. Here, we show that errors in the National Weather Service Colorado Basin River Forecast Center's operational streamflow predictions are correlated with the interannual variability of dust radiative forcing in snow. With data from 2000-2010, we show that errors in snowmelt period streamflow prediction for the southern Colorado Rockies are linearly related to melt period dust radiative forcing in snow as inferred from NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data, which ranged interannually from 20 to 80 W m(-2). Each 10 W m(-2) change of melt period dust forcing resulted in a corresponding change in runoff prediction bias of 10.0% +/- 1.5% and a 1.5 +/- 0.6 day shift in runoff center of mass. Accounting for bias introduced by dust forcing could improve streamflow prediction in regions prone to dust deposition in the snowpack. C1 [Bryant, Ann C.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Painter, Thomas H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Deems, Jeffrey S.] Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Deems, Jeffrey S.] NOAA Western Water Assessment, Boulder, CO USA. [Bender, Stacie M.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Colorado Basin River Forecast Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Bryant, AC (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Geog, 260 S Cent Campus Dr,Rm 270, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM anniebryant@gmail.com RI Painter, Thomas/B-7806-2016; Deems, Jeffrey/E-6484-2016 OI Deems, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3265-8670 FU NASA [NNX10A097G, NNX09A038HS01]; NASA Applied Sciences program FX This work was funded by NASA projects NNX10A097G and NNX09A038HS01 and the NASA Applied Sciences program. Part of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 15 BP 3945 EP 3949 DI 10.1002/grl.50773 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 208EO UT WOS:000323660000031 ER PT J AU Merlis, TM Zhao, M Held, IM AF Merlis, Timothy M. Zhao, Ming Held, Isaac M. TI The sensitivity of hurricane frequency to ITCZ changes and radiatively forced warming in aquaplanet simulations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclones; hurricanes; climate change ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; IDEALIZED GCM; PRECIPITATION; CIRCULATION; MODEL AB The response of hurricane frequency to climate changes in an aquaplanet configuration of a 50-km resolution atmospheric general circulation model is examined. The lower boundary condition is an energetically consistent slab ocean with a prescribed cross-equatorial ocean heat flux, which breaks the hemispheric symmetry and moves the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) off the equator. In this idealized configuration, hurricane frequency increases in response to radiatively forced warming. The ITCZ shifts poleward when the model is warmed with fixed cross-equatorial ocean heat flux, and it is argued that the increase in hurricane frequency results from this poleward shift. Varying the imposed cross-equatorial ocean heat flux amplitude with fixed radiative forcing can isolate the effect of ITCZ shifts. If an increase in radiative forcing is accompanied by a reduction in the ocean heat flux amplitude such that the position of the ITCZ is unchanged, the simulated hurricane frequency decreases under warmed conditions. C1 [Merlis, Timothy M.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Merlis, Timothy M.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Zhao, Ming] UCAR, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Held, Isaac M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Merlis, TM (reprint author), McGill Univ, 805 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. EM timothy.merlis@mcgill.ca RI Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014 FU Princeton Center for Theoretical Science fellowship; DOE [DE-SC0006841] FX This work was supported by a Princeton Center for Theoretical Science fellowship and by DOE grant DE-SC0006841. We thank Andrew Ballinger for helpful discussions and Tom Knutson and Steve Garner for comments an earlier draft. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 15 BP 4109 EP 4114 DI 10.1002/grl.50680 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 208EO UT WOS:000323660000060 ER PT J AU Yun, YX Penner, JE AF Yun, Yuxing Penner, Joyce E. TI An evaluation of the potential radiative forcing and climatic impact of marine organic aerosols as heterogeneous ice nuclei SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE marine organic aerosols; ice nucleation; global modeling; radiative forcing; climatic impact ID SEA-SPRAY AEROSOL; EMPIRICAL PARAMETERIZATION; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; NUCLEATION; MODEL; CLOUD; MICROPHYSICS; PARTICLES; SALT; IMPROVEMENTS AB Observational evidence demonstrates that marine organic aerosols (MOA) are able to act as ice nuclei. MOA explains a substantial portion of the submicron marine aerosol, so that they have the potential to effectively influence marine cloud microphysics and cloud radiative forcing. This study provides the first evaluation of the radiative forcing and climatic impact of marine organic aerosols as ice nuclei on a global scale. MOA is implemented into a coupled aerosol and general circulation model. It is found that MOA contributes to more ice formation than dust or black carbon/organic matter in mixed-phase clouds. They also have a significant impact on the ice water path in the Southern Hemisphere and therefore could be an important missing source of ice nuclei in current models. The addition of MOA as natural heterogeneous ice nuclei reduces the magnitude of the total top-of-atmosphere anthropogenic aerosol forcing by as much as 0.3 W/m(2). C1 [Yun, Yuxing; Penner, Joyce E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Yun, YX (reprint author), Princeton Univ, AOS Program, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM Yuxing.Yun@noaa.gov RI Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 15 BP 4121 EP 4126 DI 10.1002/grl.50794 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 208EO UT WOS:000323660000062 ER PT J AU Chen, J Wang, FF Huang, QZ Hu, L Song, XP Deng, JX Yu, RB Xing, XR AF Chen, Jun Wang, Fangfang Huang, Qingzhen Hu, Lei Song, Xiping Deng, Jinxia Yu, Ranbo Xing, Xianran TI Effectively control negative thermal expansion of single-phase ferroelectrics of PbTiO3-(Bi,La)FeO3 over a giant range SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; SPONTANEOUS POLARIZATION; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITIONS; PEROVSKITES; COMPOSITES; PBTIO3; BIFEO3 AB Control of negative thermal expansion is a fundamentally interesting topic in the negative thermal expansion materials in order for the future applications. However, it is a challenge to control the negative thermal expansion in individual pure materials over a large scale. Here, we report an effective way to control the coefficient of thermal expansion from a giant negative to a near zero thermal expansion by means of adjusting the spontaneous volume ferroelectrostriction (SVFS) in the system of PbTiO3-(Bi, La)FeO3 ferroelectrics. The adjustable range of thermal expansion contains most negative thermal expansion materials. The abnormal property of negative or zero thermal expansion previously observed in ferroelectrics is well understood according to the present new concept of spontaneous volume ferroelectrostriction. The present studies could be useful to control of thermal expansion of ferroelectrics, and could be extended to multiferroic materials whose properties of both ferroelectricity and magnetism are coupled with thermal expansion. C1 [Chen, Jun; Wang, Fangfang; Hu, Lei; Deng, Jinxia; Yu, Ranbo; Xing, Xianran] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Dept Phys Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Chen, Jun; Xing, Xianran] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, State Key Lab Adv Met, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Huang, Qingzhen] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Song, Xiping] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, State Key Lab Adv Met & Mat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Dept Phys Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM junchen@ustb.edu.cn; xing@ustb.edu.cn RI Yu, Ranbo/M-1308-2014; Chen, Jun/M-1669-2015 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [91022016, 21031005, 21231001]; Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University [IRT1207]; Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of PR China [201039]; Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation [131047]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-11-0573] FX This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91022016, 21031005, 21231001), Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT1207), the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of PR China (201039), Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation (131047), and Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-11-0573). Thanks Prof. Wentong Geng for the supporting on the first-principle calculations. NR 36 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 76 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD AUG 16 PY 2013 VL 3 AR 2458 DI 10.1038/srep02458 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 201NJ UT WOS:000323148000003 PM 23949238 ER PT J AU Cencek, W Garberoglio, G Harvey, AH McLinden, MO Szalewicz, K AF Cencek, Wojciech Garberoglio, Giovanni Harvey, Allan H. McLinden, Mark O. Szalewicz, Krzysztof TI Three-Body Nonadditive Potential for Argon with Estimated Uncertainties and Third Virial Coefficient SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; EQUATION-OF-STATE; ADAPTED PERTURBATION-THEORY; 1ST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATION; DISPERSION COEFFICIENTS; TEMPERATURE METROLOGY; 1ST PRINCIPLES; ATOMS ALUMINUM; WATER TRIMER AB The three-body nonadditive interaction energy between argon atoms was calculated at 300 geometries using coupled cluster methods up to single, double, triple, and noniterative quadruple excitations [CCSDT(Q)], and including the core correlation and relativistic effects. The uncertainty of the calculated energy was estimated at each geometry. The analytic function fitted to the energies is currently the most accurate three-body argon potential. Values of the third virial coefficient C(T) with full account of quantum effects were computed from 80 to 10000 K by a path-integral Monte Carlo method. The calculation made use of an existing high-quality pair potential [Patkowski, K.; Szalewicz, K. J. Chem. Phys. 2010, 133, 094304] and of the three-body potential derived in the present work. Uncertainties in the potential were propagated to estimate uncertainties in C(T). The results were compared with available experimental data, including some values of C(T) newly derived in this work from previously published high-accuracy density measurements. Our results are generally consistent with the available experimental data in the limited range of temperatures where data exist, but at many conditions, especially at higher temperatures, the uncertainties of our calculated values are smaller than the uncertainties of the experimental values. C1 [Cencek, Wojciech; Szalewicz, Krzysztof] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Garberoglio, Giovanni] FBK-CMM, Interdisciplinary Lab Computat Sci LISC, I-38123 Povo, Italy. [Garberoglio, Giovanni] Univ Trento, I-38123 Povo, Italy. [Harvey, Allan H.; McLinden, Mark O.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Cencek, W (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. OI Garberoglio, Giovanni/0000-0002-9201-2716 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Germany; [FA9550-12-1-0483] FX This work has been partially supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through Grant No. FA9550-12-1-0483 (R.H. and J.F.S). I.U. acknowledges the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Germany, for support through a Feodor Lynen Fellowship. NR 63 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 15 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 32 BP 7542 EP 7552 DI 10.1021/jp4018579 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 203NV UT WOS:000323300800070 PM 23656531 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, BE Pibida, L King, LE Bergeron, DE Cessna, JT Mille, MM AF Zimmerman, B. E. Pibida, L. King, L. E. Bergeron, D. E. Cessna, J. T. Mille, M. M. TI Calibration of Traceable Solid Mock I-131 Phantoms Used in an International SPECT Image Quantification Comparison SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE barium-133; iodine-131; SPECT; standards; traceability ID WEIGHTED MEANS STATISTICS; THYROID-CARCINOMA; DETECTORS; THERAPIES AB The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has organized an international comparison to assess Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) image quantification capabilities in 12 countries. Iodine-131 was chosen as the radionuclide for the comparison because of its wide use around the world, but for logistical reasons solid Ba-133 sources were used as a long-lived surrogate for I-131. For this study, we designed a set of solid cylindrical sources so that each site could have a set of phantoms (having nominal volumes of 2 mL, 4 mL, 6 mL, and 23 mL) with traceable activity calibrations so that the results could be properly compared. We also developed a technique using two different detection methods for individually calibrating the sources for Ba-133 activity based on a National standard. This methodology allows for the activity calibration of each Ba-133 source with a standard uncertainty on the activity of 1.4 % for the high-level 2-, 4-, and 6-mL sources and 1.7 % for the lower-level 23 mL cylinders. This level of uncertainty allows for these sources to be used for the intended comparison exercise, as well as in other SPECT image quantification studies. C1 [Zimmerman, B. E.; Pibida, L.; King, L. E.; Bergeron, D. E.; Cessna, J. T.; Mille, M. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mille, M. M.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Nucl Engn & Engn Phys Program, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Zimmerman, BE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.zimmerman@nist.gov; leticia.pibida@nist.gov; lynne.king@nist.gov; denis.bergeron@nist.gov; jeffrey.cessna@nist.gov; matthew.mille@nist.gov RI Bergeron, Denis/I-4332-2013 OI Bergeron, Denis/0000-0003-1150-7950 FU DOE Office of Nuclear Energy's Nuclear Energy University Programs FX Mr. Mille was funded by a graduate fellowship from the DOE Office of Nuclear Energy's Nuclear Energy University Programs. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2013 VL 118 BP 359 EP 374 DI 10.6028/jres.118.017 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 224HY UT WOS:000324875400001 PM 26401437 ER PT J AU Heberle, DA Levine, ZH AF Heberle, Dylan A. Levine, Zachary H. TI Polarization-Entangled Photon Pairs From Periodically-Poled Crystalline Waveguides Over a Range of Frequencies SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE entangled photons; frequency and angle tuning; periodically-poled waveguide; Rb: KTP (rubium doped potassium titanyl phosphate) ID KTIOPO4; GENERATION; TELEPORTATION; CONVERSION AB We propose a method to extend the frequency range of polarization entanglement in periodically poled rubidium-doped potassium titanyl phosphate (Rb:KTP) waveguides. Our calculations predict that output wavelengths from 1130 nm to 1257 nm may be achieved using Rb:KTP by the appropriate selection of a direction of propagation for the waveguide. The fidelity using a poling period of 1 mm is approximately 0.98. C1 [Heberle, Dylan A.] Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Heberle, Dylan A.; Levine, Zachary H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Heberle, DA (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, 1 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM zachary.levine@nist.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM008267] NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2013 VL 118 BP 375 EP 380 DI 10.6028/jres.118.018 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 224HY UT WOS:000324875400002 PM 26401438 ER PT J AU Evans, W Mathis, JT AF Evans, Wiley Mathis, Jeremy T. TI The Gulf of Alaska coastal ocean as an atmospheric CO2 sink SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sea-air CO2 fluxes; Coastal processes; Gulf of Alaska ID FRESH-WATER DISCHARGE; NORTHERN GULF; PARTIAL-PRESSURE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SHELF; PACIFIC; PCO(2); PHYTOPLANKTON; VARIABILITY; FLUXES AB A new data set of directly measured surface seawater carbon dioxide partial pressures (pCO(2)) was compiled for the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) coastal ocean. Using this information, along with reconstructed atmospheric pCO(2) data, we calculate sea-air CO2 fluxes over two interconnected domains: the coastal ocean defined by the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) Continental Margin Mask, and the continental margin shoreward of the 1500 m isobath. The continental margin in this region lies within the coastal ocean. Climatological sea-air CO2 fluxes were calculated by constructing monthly climatologies of sea-air pCO(2) difference (Delta pCO(2)), sea surface temperature, salinity, and CO2 solubility, coupled with the monthly second moment of wind speeds from the Scatterometer Climatology of Ocean Winds (SCOW; http://cioss.coas.oregonstate.edu/scow). Climatological sea-air CO2 fluxes showed instances of atmospheric CO2 uptake and outgassing in both domains for nearly all months; however, uptake dominated from April through November, with distinct spring and autumn peaks that coincided with periods of strong winds and undersaturated surface seawater pCO(2) with respect to atmospheric levels. Atmospheric CO2 uptake during the spring and autumn peaks was stronger on the continental margin compared with the coastal ocean. Annual mean area-weighted fluxes for the coastal ocean and continental margin were -2.5 and -4 mmol CO2 m(-2) d(-1), respectively. Scaling these annual means by the respective surface areas of each domain resulted in estimates of substantial atmospheric CO2 uptake between 34 and 14 Tg C yr(-1). This region is a large sink for atmospheric CO2, which impacts the current view of weak net CO2 emission from coastal waters surrounding North America. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Evans, Wiley; Mathis, Jeremy T.] Univ Alaska, Ocean Acidificat Res Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Evans, Wiley; Mathis, Jeremy T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Evans, W (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM wiley.evans@alaska.edu FU National Science Foundation [ARC-1107997]; North Pacific Research Board [426]; Alaska Ocean Observing System under NOAA [A08NOS4730406, NA11NOS0120020] FX The authors would like to thank the many contributors of pCO2 data to CDIAC, as well as the Principle Investigators, Captains and Crews of the vessels that supported the underway pCO2 systems that collected data used in this synthesis. We also thank Taro Takahashi (LDEO) and Simon Alin (Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory) for providing their data from the GOA. We acknowledge SOCAT for providing the Continental Margin Mask used to define the coastal ocean. We thank Natalie Monacci and Sylvia Musielewicz for their work in providing data from the GAKOA buoy platform. We are very grateful to our funding sources: the National Science Foundation (ARC-1107997), the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB publication no. 426), and the Alaska Ocean Observing System under NOAA awards A08NOS4730406 and NA11NOS0120020. We also would like to thank Dorothee Bakker and one anonymous reviewer for their constructive and thoughtful comments that greatly helped to improve this manuscript. NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2013 VL 65 BP 52 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2013.06.013 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 215RG UT WOS:000324227400005 ER PT J AU Roberts, MA Sharp-Williams, EN Nesbitt, DJ AF Roberts, Melanie A. Sharp-Williams, Erin N. Nesbitt, David J. TI High-Resolution Direct-Absorption Spectroscopy of Hydroxymethyl Radical in the CH Symmetric Stretching Region SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOIONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE; 3P RYDBERG STATE; VIBRATIONAL ENERGIES; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; METHYL FORMATE; CH2OH RADICALS; REACTION-PATH; AB-INITIO AB High-resolution, fully rotationally resolved direct absorption spectra of hydroxymethyl radical, CH2OH, are presented in the infrared CH stretching region. As a result of low rotational temperatures and sub-Doppler linewidths obtained in the slit supersonic expansion, the K-a = 0 <- 0 band of the symmetric CH stretch for CH2OH has been unambiguously identified and analyzed. By way of chemical confirmation, hydroxymethyl radical is generated via two different slit jet discharge syntheses: (i) direct dissociation of CH3OH to form CH2OH and (ii) dissociation of Cl-2 followed by the radical H atom extraction reaction Cl + CH3OH -> HCl + CH2OH. The identified transitions are fit to a Watson A-reduced symmetric top Hamiltonian to yield first precision experimental values for the ground state rotational constants as well as improved values for the symmetric stretch rotational constants and vibrational band origin. The results both complement and substantially improve upon spectral efforts via previous double resonance ionization detected infrared methods by Feng et al. [J. Phys. Chem. A, 2004, 108, 7093], as well as offer high-resolution predictions for laboratory and astronomical detection of hydroxymethyl radical in the millimeter-wave region. C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. OI Reber, Melanie/0000-0002-4991-3252 FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-09ER16021]; National Science Foundation [CHE 1012685, PHY 1125844] FX This work was supported by grants from the Department of Energy (DE-FG02-09ER16021), with initial funds for construction of the slit jet laser spectrometer provided by the National Science Foundation (CHE 1012685 and PHY 1125844). NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 15 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 32 BP 7042 EP 7049 DI 10.1021/jp312877k PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 203NV UT WOS:000323300800015 PM 23470104 ER PT J AU Lehnert, H Stone, RP AF Lehnert, Helmut Stone, Robert P. TI Four new species of Haplosclerida (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Callyspongiidae; Chalinidae; Callyspongia; Cladocroce; Aleutian Islands; North Pacific; Alaska AB Four new species of Haplosclerida are described from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska: Callyspongia mucosa n.sp., Cladocroce infundibulum n. sp., Cladocroce attu n. sp. and Cladocroce kiska n. sp. The new species are described and compared to congeners of the region. This is the northernmost record of the genus Callyspongia and the first record of the subgenus Callyspongia from the North Pacific Ocean. To accommodate Cladocroce kiska in its genus the definition has to be broadened to allow sigmas. C1 [Stone, Robert P.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Lehnert, H (reprint author), Eichenstr 14, D-86507 Oberottmarshausen, Germany. EM Lehnert@spongetaxonomics.de; bob.stone@noaa.gov FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center of NOAA/NMFS FX We thank Jim Stark, Jay Orr and the crew of the FV Ocean Explorer for collecting the specimens. Many thanks to the Zoologische Staatssammlung, Munchen, for providing access to the SEM, especially thanks to Enrico Schwabe for help operating the SEM. Light microscopical photos where made at the Institute for Developmental Biology, University of Erlangen. Thanks to Wolfgang Heimler for providing access. We thank David Drumm (Alaska Fisheries Science Center, RACE) for providing Figure 1. Helmut Lehnert was supported by a contract from the Alaska Fisheries Science Center of NOAA/NMFS. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 15 PY 2013 VL 3700 IS 4 BP 573 EP 582 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 200YD UT WOS:000323106600005 PM 26106744 ER PT J AU Cox, AM Goodwin, KD AF Cox, Annie M. Goodwin, Kelly D. TI Sample preparation methods for quantitative detection of DNA by molecular assays and marine biosensors SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Sample preparation; Inhibition; DNA extraction; SCODA; Environmental sample processor; ESP; qPCR ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REAL-TIME PCR; FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; CULTURE-BASED METHODS; MICROBIAL DNA; WATER SAMPLES; VIBRIO-PARAHAEMOLYTICUS; MEASURING ENTEROCOCCUS; SURFACE WATERS; PROCESSOR ESP AB The need for quantitative molecular methods is growing in environmental, food, and medical fields but is hindered by low and variable DNA extraction and by co-extraction of PCR inhibitors. DNA extracts from Enterococcus faecium, seawater, and seawater spiked with E. faecium and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were tested by qPCR for target recovery and inhibition. Conventional and novel methods were tested, including Synchronous Coefficient of Drag Alteration (SCODA) and lysis and purification systems used on an automated genetic sensor (the Environmental Sample Processor, ESP). Variable qPCR target recovery and inhibition were measured, significantly affecting target quantification. An aggressive lysis method that utilized chemical, enzymatic, and mechanical disruption enhanced target recovery compared to commercial kit protocols. SCODA purification did not show marked improvement over commercial spin columns. Overall, data suggested a general need to improve sample preparation and to accurately assess and account for DNA recovery and inhibition in qPCR applications. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cox, Annie M.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Goodwin, Kelly D.] NOAA, AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Goodwin, KD (reprint author), NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. EM kelly.goodwin@noaa.gov RI Goodwin, Kelly/B-4985-2014 OI Goodwin, Kelly/0000-0001-9583-8073 FU NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative; National Research Associateship Program FX The Southern California Coastal Water Research Project (SCCWRP) is gratefully acknowledged for use of their standalone MFB/SPE module equipped with qPCR. The NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC) graciously allowed access to their full ESP for laboratory experiments. Particular recognition is given to Blythe Layton (SCCWRP) for assistance and training with the stand-alone MFB and to William Nilsson and Mark Strom (NWFS) for assistance on the full ESP. Appreciation is given to Spyglass Inc. staff for training on the ESP system. Thanks to D. Lim and S. Leskinen (University of South Florida) for providing water samples from the PMACS 1000 (TM). Appreciation is given to the F. Azam laboratory (Scripps Institute of Oceanography) for access to microscopy facilities. Thanks to D. Broemeling, J. Pel, and A. Marzali (Boreal Genomics) for assistance with SCODA optimization and for running experiments on the Aurora instrument. A. Cox was supported through the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative and the National Research Associateship Program. NR 78 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD AUG 15 PY 2013 VL 73 IS 1 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.06.006 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 207GM UT WOS:000323586900019 PM 23790450 ER PT J AU Kumar, R Ong, JR Recchio, J Srinivasan, K Mookherjea, S AF Kumar, Ranjeet Ong, Jun Rong Recchio, John Srinivasan, Kartik Mookherjea, Shayan TI Spectrally multiplexed and tunable-wavelength photon pairs at 1.55 mu m from a silicon coupled-resonator optical waveguide SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERATION AB Using a compact optically pumped silicon nanophotonic chip consisting of coupled silicon microrings, we generate photon pairs in multiple pairs of wavelengths around 1.55 mu m. The wavelengths are tunable over several nanometers, demonstrating the capability to generate wavelength division multiplexed photon pairs at freely chosen telecommunications-band wavelengths. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Kumar, Ranjeet; Ong, Jun Rong; Recchio, John; Mookherjea, Shayan] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kumar, R (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM rkumar@ucsd.edu FU National Science Foundation [ECCS 092539, 1028553, 1153716, 1201308]; DARPA; A*STAR, Singapore FX The authors are grateful to Xianshu Luo, Tsung-Yang Liow, Guo-Qiang Patrick Lo (IME, Singapore), Nick Bertone (Optoelectronic Components), the National Science Foundation for support (ECCS 092539, 1028553, 1153716, 1201308), and DARPA. J. R. O. acknowledges support from A*STAR, Singapore. NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 16 BP 2969 EP 2971 DI 10.1364/OL.38.002969 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 202HK UT WOS:000323204500010 PM 24104623 ER PT J AU Zheng, SY Li, ZP Bendersky, LA AF Zheng, Shiyou Li, Zhi-Peng Bendersky, Leonid A. TI Understanding the Role of Vanadium in Enhancing the Low-Temperature Hydrogenation Kinetics of an Mg Thin Film SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE thin film; Mg-V; hydrogen storage; TEM ID STORAGE; MAGNESIUM; HYDRIDES; ALLOYS; FE AB Mg100-xVx (x = 0 to 15) thin films capped with Pd were prepared by electron beam codeposition and studied for their hydrogenation/dehydrogenation kinetics and cycling properties at 140 degrees C under hydrogenation pressures of 0.1 MPa. It has been found that the Mg100-xVx thin films show significantly higher reversible hydrogen-storage capacity and faster kinetics in comparison with a pure Mg thin film; for instance, the maximum hydrogen absorption (3.7% mass fraction hydrogen) can be obtained in the fifth cycle for Mg90V10 in less than 5 min. The addition of V clearly plays a favorable role in improving the reversible hydrogen-storage capacity of an Mg film; however, with increasing hydrogenation/dehydrogenation cycles the hydrogen-storage capacity gradually deteriorates. To explore the origin of the effect of V on the improved hydrogenation of an Mg thin film, in this work we focused on studying the structural variations of the Mg90V10 thin film before and after hydrogenation at different stages of cycling; the films were investigated by X-ray diffraction as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. We concluded that (1) early in the absorption/desorption cycling the as-deposited structure of percolating layers of nanocrystalline V throughout a Mg matrix is preserved; (2) the percolating V layers envelope fine Mg grains and act as (a) dispersers that isolate small Mg grains, (b) fast diffusers of hydrogen, and (c) hydrogen catalysts at the Mg/V interface to form MgH2; and (3) with progressive cycling, the continuous layers of V aggregate to spherical nanoparticles, which interrupts the continuity of fast hydrogen diffusion through V. C1 [Zheng, Shiyou; Li, Zhi-Peng; Bendersky, Leonid A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zheng, Shiyou] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Bendersky, LA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM leoben@nist.gov RI Zheng, Shiyou/D-3645-2012 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD AUG 14 PY 2013 VL 5 IS 15 BP 6968 EP 6974 DI 10.1021/am402450w PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 202SY UT WOS:000323241100029 PM 23869902 ER PT J AU Peng, Y Krungleviciute, V Eryazici, I Hupp, JT Farha, OK Yildirim, T AF Peng, Yang Krungleviciute, Vaiva Eryazici, Ibrahim Hupp, Joseph T. Farha, Omar K. Yildirim, Taner TI Methane Storage in Metal-Organic Frameworks: Current Records, Surprise Findings, and Challenges SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE; POROUS MATERIALS; COORDINATION POLYMER; HYDROGEN ADSORPTION; SURFACE-AREAS; SITES; SEPARATION; CAPACITY; BINDING; CO2 AB We have examined the methane uptake properties of six of the most promising metal organic framework (MOF) materials: PCN-14, UTSA-20, HKUST-1, Ni-MOF-74 (Ni-CPO-27), NU-111, and NU-125. We discovered that HKUST-1, a material that is commercially available in gram scale, exhibits a room-temperature volumetric methane uptake that exceeds any value reported to date. The total uptake is about 230 cc(STP)/cc at 35 bar and 270 cc(STP)/cc at 65 bar, which meets the new volumetric target recently set by the Department of Energy (DOE) if the packing efficiency loss is ignored. We emphasize that MOFs with high surface areas and pore volumes perform better overall. NU-111, for example, reaches similar to 75% of both the gravimetric and the volumetric targets. We find that values for gravimetric uptake, pore volume, and inverse density of the MOFs we studied scale essentially linearly with surface area. From this linear dependence, we estimate that a MOF with surface area 7500 m(2)/g and pore volume 3.2 cc/g could reach the current DOE gravimetric target of 0.5 g/g while simultaneously exhibiting around similar to 200 cc/cc volumetric uptake. We note that while values for volumetric uptake are based on ideal single crystal densities, in reality the packing densities of MOFs are much lower. Finally, we show that compacting HKUST-1 into wafer shapes partially collapses the framework, decreasing both volumetric and gravimetric uptake significantly. Hence, one of the important challenges going forward is to find ways to pack MOFs efficiently without serious damage or to synthesize MOFs that can withstand substantial mechanical pressure. C1 [Peng, Yang; Krungleviciute, Vaiva; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Peng, Yang; Krungleviciute, Vaiva; Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Eryazici, Ibrahim; Hupp, Joseph T.; Farha, Omar K.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Eryazici, Ibrahim; Hupp, Joseph T.; Farha, Omar K.] Northwestern Univ, Int Inst Nanotechnol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Farha, OK (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM o-farha@northwestern.edu; taner@seas.upenn.edu RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009 FU U.S. Department of Energy through BES Grant [DE-FG02-08ER46522] FX T.Y. acknowledges the support by the U.S. Department of Energy through BES Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46522. O.K.F. and J.T.H. gratefully acknowledge the U.S. DOE's ARPA-E program. NR 59 TC 235 Z9 236 U1 54 U2 397 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 14 PY 2013 VL 135 IS 32 BP 11887 EP 11894 DI 10.1021/ja4045289 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 202SZ UT WOS:000323241200041 PM 23841800 ER PT J AU Nablo, BJ Panchal, RG Bavari, S Nguyen, TL Gussio, R Ribot, W Friedlander, A Chabot, D Reiner, JE Robertson, JWF Balijepalli, A Halverson, KM Kasianowicz, JJ AF Nablo, Brian J. Panchal, Rekha G. Bavari, Sina Nguyen, Tam L. Gussio, Rick Ribot, Wil Friedlander, Art Chabot, Donald Reiner, Joseph E. Robertson, Joseph W. F. Balijepalli, Arvind Halverson, Kelly M. Kasianowicz, John J. TI Anthrax toxin-induced rupture of artificial lipid bilayer membranes SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SYMMETRICAL TETRAALKYLAMMONIUM IONS; IRREVERSIBLE ELECTRICAL BREAKDOWN; STERIC-BLOCK OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; CELL PENETRATING PEPTIDES; EFFICIENT GENE-TRANSFER; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; LETHAL FACTOR; PROTEIN TRANSLOCATION; EDEMA FACTOR AB We demonstrate experimentally that anthrax toxin complexes rupture artificial lipid bilayer membranes when isolated from the blood of infected animals. When the solution pH is temporally acidified to mimic that process in endosomes, recombinant anthrax toxin forms an irreversibly bound complex, which also destabilizes membranes. The results suggest an alternative mechanism for the translocation of anthrax toxin into the cytoplasm. C1 [Nablo, Brian J.; Reiner, Joseph E.; Robertson, Joseph W. F.; Balijepalli, Arvind; Kasianowicz, John J.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Panchal, Rekha G.; Bavari, Sina; Ribot, Wil; Friedlander, Art; Chabot, Donald; Halverson, Kelly M.] US Army Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Nguyen, Tam L.; Gussio, Rick] NCI, Dev Therapeut Program, Target Struct Based Drug Discovery Grp, SAIC, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Balijepalli, Arvind] NHLBI, Lab Computat Biol, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Kasianowicz, JJ (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.kasianowicz@nist.gov OI Reiner, Joseph/0000-0002-1056-8703 FU NIST-NRC; NIH-NIST-NRC; NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards FX This work is supported, in part, by a NIST-NRC Research Associateship (B.J.N.), a NIH-NIST-NRC Research Associateship (A.B.), and the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards (J.J.K.). Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to adequately specify the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. In conducting the research described in this paper, the investigators adhered to the "Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals" as promulgated by the Committee on Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council. The facilities are fully accredited by the American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care. NR 130 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 14 PY 2013 VL 139 IS 6 AR 065101 DI 10.1063/1.4816467 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 201YB UT WOS:000323177900055 PM 23947891 ER PT J AU Barzilai, S Tavazza, F Levine, LE AF Barzilai, S. Tavazza, F. Levine, L. E. TI Ab initio study of the mechanical and transport properties of pure and contaminated silver nanowires SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID GOLD NANOWIRES; GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION; CONDUCTANCE; IMPURITIES; MOLECULES; WIRE AB The mechanical properties and conductance of contaminated and pure silver nanowires were studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Several nanowires containing O-2 on their surfaces were elongated along two different directions. All of the NWs thinned down to single atom chains. In most simulations, the breaking force was not affected by the presence of the O-2, and similar fracture strengths of approximate to 1 nN were computed for the pure and impure NWs. When the O-2 became incorporated in the single atom chain, the fracture occurred at the Ag-O bond and a lower fracture strength was found. All of the simulations showed that the impurity interacted with the silver atoms to reduce the electron density in its nearby vicinity. A variety of conductance effects were observed depending on the location of the impurity. When the impurity migrated during the elongation to the thinnest part of the NW, it reduced the conductance significantly, and an approximate to 1 G(0) conductance (usually associated with a single atom chain) was calculated for three-and two-dimensional structures. When the impurity was adjacent to the single atom chain, the conductance reduced almost to zero. However, when it stayed far from the thinnest part of the NW, the impurity had only a small influence on the conductance. C1 [Barzilai, S.; Tavazza, F.; Levine, L. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Barzilai, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM barzilai.shmuel@gmail.com NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 18 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 14 PY 2013 VL 25 IS 32 AR 325303 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/25/32/325303 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 188WH UT WOS:000322227600007 PM 23846722 ER PT J AU Quackenbush, NF Allen, JP Scanlon, DO Sallis, S Hewlett, JA Nandur, AS Chen, B Smith, KE Weiland, C Fischer, DA Woicik, JC White, BE Watson, GW Piper, LFJ AF Quackenbush, N. F. Allen, J. P. Scanlon, D. O. Sallis, S. Hewlett, J. A. Nandur, A. S. Chen, B. Smith, K. E. Weiland, C. Fischer, D. A. Woicik, J. C. White, B. E. Watson, G. W. Piper, L. F. J. TI Origin of the Bipolar Doping Behavior of SnO from X-ray Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE SnO; doping; transparent semiconducting oxides; electronic structure ID TRANSPARENT CONDUCTING OXIDES; SPRAY-PYROLYSIS TECHNIQUE; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; DOPANT ION SIZE; P-TYPE SNO2; LONE-PAIR; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURES; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES AB The origin of the almost unique combination of optical transparency and the ability to bipolar dope tin monoxide is explained using a combination of soft and hard Xray photoemission spectroscopy, O K-edge X-ray emission and absorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations incorporating van der Waals corrections. We reveal that the origin of the high hole mobility, bipolar ability, and transparency is a result of (i) significant Sn 5s character at the valence band maximum (due to O 2p-Sn Ss antibonding character associated with the lone pair distortion), (ii) the combination of a small indirect band gap of similar to 0.7 eV (Gamma-M) and a much larger direct band gap of 2.6-2.7 eV, and (iii) the location of both band edges with respect to the vacuum level. This work supports Sn2+-based oxides as a paradigm for next-generation transparent semiconducting oxides. C1 [Quackenbush, N. F.; Hewlett, J. A.; White, B. E.; Piper, L. F. J.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Allen, J. P.; Watson, G. W.] Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Chem, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Allen, J. P.; Watson, G. W.] Trinity Coll Dublin, CRANN, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Scanlon, D. O.] UCL, Kathleen Lonsdale Mat Chem, Dept Chem, London WC1H 0AJ, England. [Sallis, S.; Nandur, A. S.; White, B. E.; Piper, L. F. J.] SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Chen, B.; Smith, K. E.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Weiland, C.; Fischer, D. A.; Woicik, J. C.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Piper, LFJ (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM lpiper@binghamton.edu RI Scanlon, David/B-1516-2008; Allen, Jeremy/C-4778-2009; Weiland, Conan/K-4840-2012; Sallis, Shawn/E-6258-2012; Watson, Graeme/B-4262-2008; Piper, Louis/C-2960-2011; Chen, Bo/C-5428-2017 OI Scanlon, David/0000-0001-9174-8601; Sallis, Shawn/0000-0002-8443-4951; Watson, Graeme/0000-0001-6732-9474; Piper, Louis/0000-0002-3421-3210; Chen, Bo/0000-0002-9263-5171 FU Integrated Electronics Engineering Center (IEEC) at the State University of New York at Binghamton; New York State Foundation for Science, Technology, and Innovation (NYSTAR); U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DEAC02-98CH10886]; National Institute of Standards and Technology; Faculty/Student Research Support Program at the NSLS; Analytical and Diagnostics Laboratory Small Grant program at Binghamton University; EPSRC [EP/F067496]; Ramsay Memorial Trust; University College London for the provision of a Ramsay Fellowship; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-98ER45680] FX This research was funded by the Integrated Electronics Engineering Center (IEEC) at the State University of New York at Binghamton. The IEEC is a New York State Center for Advanced Technology and receives funding from the New York State Foundation for Science, Technology, and Innovation (NYSTAR) as well as a consortium of industrial members. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DEAC02-98CH10886. Beamline X24a is supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. L.FJ.P., N.F.Q, and S. S. acknowledge support from the Faculty/Student Research Support Program at the NSLS. Additional support (L.FJ.P) was provided by an Analytical and Diagnostics Laboratory Small Grant program at Binghamton University. Calculations were performed on the Kelvin supercomputer as maintained by TCHPC, and the Stokes cluster as maintained by ICHEC. We acknowledge membership of the U.K.'s HPC Materials Chemistry Consortium, which is funded by EPSRC Grant No. EP/F067496. D.O.S. is grateful to the Ramsay Memorial Trust and University College London for the provision of a Ramsay Fellowship. The Boston University program is supported in part by the Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG02-98ER45680. NR 118 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 6 U2 88 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD AUG 13 PY 2013 VL 25 IS 15 BP 3114 EP 3123 DI 10.1021/cm401343a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 202DF UT WOS:000323193000027 ER PT J AU Inceoglu, S Young, NP Jackson, AJ Kline, SR Costeux, S Balsara, NP AF Inceoglu, Sebnem Young, Nicholas P. Jackson, Andrew J. Kline, Steven R. Costeux, Stephane Balsara, Nitash P. TI Effect of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide on the Thermodynamics of Model Blends of Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymer and Poly(methyl methacrylate) Studied by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID METHACRYLATE)/POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE) BLENDS; TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; HIGH-PRESSURE CO2; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; GLASS-TRANSITION; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; TEMPERATURE; FLUID; POLY(STYRENE-CO-ACRYLONITRILE); MISCIBILITY AB Quantitative analysis of small angle neutron scattering (SANS) data from homogeneous multicomponent mixtures of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)) and two polymers is presented for the first time. The two polymers used in this study were styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) and deuterated poly(methyl methacrylate) (dPMMA). Model polymers were used to facilitate comparisons between theory and experiment. The random phase approximation (RPA) was used to derive a simple expression to describe SANS profiles. The scCO(2)-free binary blend was studied to determine the temperature dependence of the polymer-polymer interaction parameter. scCO(2)-polymer solubility data was used to relate polymer-solvent interaction parameters. Comparisons between SANS profiles from multicomponent mixtures and the RPA expression provided an estimate of the interaction parameter between scCO(2) and PMMA, chi(13). The addition of scCO(2) at a modest pressure results in a decrease of phase separation temperature T-s by 127 K. The analysis indicates that the change in T-s is caused by an increase in chi(13) with increasing scCO(2) pressure. C1 [Inceoglu, Sebnem; Young, Nicholas P.; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jackson, Andrew J.] European Spallat Source ESS AB, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Kline, Steven R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Costeux, Stephane] Dow Chem Co USA, Dow Coatings & Construct, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Balsara, NP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nbalsara@berkeley.edu RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008; Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014; Costeux, Stephane/G-4998-2011 OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336; Costeux, Stephane/0000-0001-6095-2837 FU Dow Chemical Company; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-11231] FX We acknowledge The Dow Chemical Company for providing the primary support for this work, and thank Dr. Alan Nakatani and Dr. Tirtha Chatterjee for educational discussions on the design and interpretation of SANS experiments. Dr. Boualem Hammouda, Mr. Cedric Gagnon, and Mr. Juscelino Leao of the NIST Center for Neutron Research are thanked for their assistance in carrying out SANS experiments. Dr. Chris Canlas and Dr. Jeffrey G. Pelton of the University of California, Berkeley are thanked for their help with the NMR measurements. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. Work at the Molecular Foundry was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-11231. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 13 PY 2013 VL 46 IS 15 BP 6345 EP 6356 DI 10.1021/ma401090q PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 202DI UT WOS:000323193300059 ER PT J AU Holtgrieve, GW Arias, ME Irvine, KN Lamberts, D Ward, EJ Kummu, M Koponen, J Sarkkula, J Richey, JE AF Holtgrieve, Gordon W. Arias, Mauricio E. Irvine, Kim N. Lamberts, Dirk Ward, Eric J. Kummu, Matti Koponen, Jorma Sarkkula, Juha Richey, Jeffrey E. TI Patterns of Ecosystem Metabolism in the Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia with Links to Capture Fisheries SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB The Tonle Sap Lake in Cambodia is a dynamic flood-pulsed ecosystem that annually increases its surface area from roughly 2,500 km(2) to over 12,500 km(2) driven by seasonal flooding from the Mekong River. This flooding is thought to structure many of the critical ecological processes, including aquatic primary and secondary productivity. The lake also has a large fishery that supports the livelihoods of nearly 2 million people. We used a state-space oxygen mass balance model and continuous dissolved oxygen measurements from four locations to provide the first estimates of gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) for the Tonle Sap. GPP averaged 4.1 +/- 2.3 g O-2 m(-3) d(-1) with minimal differences among sites. There was a negative correlation between monthly GPP and lake level (r = 0.45) and positive correlation with turbidity (r = 0.65). ER averaged 24.9 +/- 20.0 g O-2 m(-3) d(-1) but had greater than six-fold variation among sites and minimal seasonal change. Repeated hypoxia was observed at most sampling sites along with persistent net heterotrophy (GPP < ER), indicating significant bacterial metabolism of organic matter that is likely incorporated into the larger food web. Using our measurements of GPP, we calibrated a hydrodynamic-productivity model and predicted aquatic net primary production (aNPP) of 2.0 +/- 0.2 g C m(-2) d(-1) (2.4 +/- 0.2 million tonnes C y(-1)). Considering a range of plausible values for the total fisheries catch, we estimate that fisheries harvest is an equivalent of 7-69% of total aNPP, which is substantially larger than global average for marine and freshwater systems. This is likely due to relatively efficient carbon transfer through the food web and support of fish production from terrestrial NPP. These analyses are an important first-step in quantifying the resource pathways that support this important ecosystem. C1 [Holtgrieve, Gordon W.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Arias, Mauricio E.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Civil & Nat Resources Engn, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Irvine, Kim N.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog Planning, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Irvine, Kim N.] SUNY Buffalo, Ctr Southeast Asia Environm & Sustainable Dev, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Lamberts, Dirk] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Aquat Ecol Evolut & Conservat, Louvain, Belgium. [Ward, Eric J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kummu, Matti] Aalto Univ, Water & Dev Res Grp, Espoo, Finland. [Koponen, Jorma] Environm Impact Assessment Ctr Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland. [Sarkkula, Juha] Finnish Environm Inst, Helsinki, Finland. [Richey, Jeffrey E.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Holtgrieve, GW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM gholt@uw.edu RI Kummu, Matti/C-4797-2011; Holtgrieve, Gordon/C-5371-2009; Arias, Mauricio/H-5667-2013 OI Kummu, Matti/0000-0001-5096-0163; Holtgrieve, Gordon/0000-0002-4451-3567; Arias, Mauricio/0000-0002-8805-6353 FU University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NASA IDS [NNX07AL78G]; SUNY Research Foundation FX GWH was supported by the University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. This paper was completed while KNI was on sabbatical at the National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Research was funded in part by NASA IDS NNX07AL78G and the SUNY Research Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 69 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 13 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 8 AR e71395 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0071395 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 201BN UT WOS:000323115800055 PM 23967203 ER PT J AU Mourier, J Buray, N Schultz, JK Clua, E Planes, S AF Mourier, Johann Buray, Nicolas Schultz, Jennifer K. Clua, Eric Planes, Serge TI Genetic Network and Breeding Patterns of a Sicklefin Lemon Shark (Negaprion acutidens) Population in the Society Islands, French Polynesia SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Human pressures have put many top predator populations at risk of extinction. Recent years have seen alarming declines in sharks worldwide, while their resilience remains poorly understood. Studying the ecology of small populations of marine predators is a priority to better understand their ability to withstand anthropogenic and environmental stressors. In the present study, we monitored a naturally small island population of 40 adult sicklefin lemon sharks in Moorea, French Polynesia over 5 years. We reconstructed the genetic relationships among individuals and determined the population's mating system. The genetic network illustrates that all individuals, except one, are interconnected at least through one first order genetic relationship. While this species developed a clear inbreeding avoidance strategy involving dispersal and migration, the small population size, low number of breeders, and the fragmented environment characterizing these tropical islands, limits its complete effectiveness. C1 [Mourier, Johann; Buray, Nicolas; Planes, Serge] Ctr Rech Insulaire & Observ Environm, LabEx CORAIL USR CNRS EPHE 3278, Papetoai, Moorea, Fr Polynesia. [Schultz, Jennifer K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Clua, Eric] Haut Commissariat Republ Francaise, Delegat Reg Rech & Technol, Papeete, Tahiti, Fr Polynesia. [Clua, Eric] Minist Agr & Peche, Paris, France. RP Mourier, J (reprint author), Ctr Rech Insulaire & Observ Environm, LabEx CORAIL USR CNRS EPHE 3278, Papetoai, Moorea, Fr Polynesia. EM johann.mourier@gmail.com FU Direction a l'Environnement (DIREN) of French Polynesia FX This study benefited from the financial support of the Direction a l'Environnement (DIREN) of French Polynesia and the scientific support of Coordination Unit of the Coral Reef Initiatives for the Pacific (CRISP Programme), based in New Caledonia. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 59 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 13 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 8 AR e73899 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0073899 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 201BN UT WOS:000323115800128 PM 23967354 ER PT J AU Samaran, F Stafford, KM Branch, TA Gedamke, J Royer, JY Dziak, RP Guinet, C AF Samaran, Flore Stafford, Kathleen M. Branch, Trevor A. Gedamke, Jason Royer, Jean-Yves Dziak, Robert P. Guinet, Christophe TI Seasonal and Geographic Variation of Southern Blue Whale Subspecies in the Indian Ocean SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Understanding the seasonal movements and distribution patterns of migratory species over ocean basin scales is vital for appropriate conservation and management measures. However, assessing populations over remote regions is challenging, particularly if they are rare. Blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus spp) are an endangered species found in the Southern and Indian Oceans. Here two recognized subspecies of blue whales and, based on passive acoustic monitoring, four "acoustic populations" occur. Three of these are pygmy blue whale (B. m. brevicauda) populations while the fourth is the Antarctic blue whale (B. m. intermedia). Past whaling catches have dramatically reduced their numbers but recent acoustic recordings show that these oceans are still important habitat for blue whales. Presently little is known about the seasonal movements and degree of overlap of these four populations, particularly in the central Indian Ocean. We examined the geographic and seasonal occurrence of different blue whale acoustic populations using one year of passive acoustic recording from three sites located at different latitudes in the Indian Ocean. The vocalizations of the different blue whale subspecies and acoustic populations were recorded seasonally in different regions. For some call types and locations, there was spatial and temporal overlap, particularly between Antarctic and different pygmy blue whale acoustic populations. Except on the southernmost hydrophone, all three pygmy blue whale acoustic populations were found at different sites or during different seasons, which further suggests that these populations are generally geographically distinct. This unusual blue whale diversity in sub-Antarctic and sub-tropical waters indicates the importance of the area for blue whales in these former whaling grounds. C1 [Samaran, Flore; Guinet, Christophe] Univ La Rochelle, Observ PELAGIS, CNRS, UMS 3462, La Rochelle, France. [Stafford, Kathleen M.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Branch, Trevor A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gedamke, Jason] NOAA, Ocean Acoust Program, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Royer, Jean-Yves] Univ Brest, CNRS, Lab Domaines Ocean, UMR 6538, Plouzane, France. [Dziak, Robert P.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR USA. [Samaran, Flore; Guinet, Christophe] CNRS, Ctr Etud Biol Chize, UPR 1934, Villiers En Bois, France. RP Samaran, F (reprint author), Univ La Rochelle, Observ PELAGIS, CNRS, UMS 3462, La Rochelle, France. EM fsamaran@univ-lr.fr RI Royer, Jean-Yves/B-4312-2010 OI Royer, Jean-Yves/0000-0002-7653-7715 FU Conseil Regional de Bretagne; Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (a department of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France); Institut Paul Emile Victor; Total Foundation; NOAA's Ocean Exploration and Research program; French Minister of Ecology; Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises; University of La Rochelle FX Funding for deployment and recovery for the hydrophone array in the Indian Ocean was provided by the Conseil Regional de Bretagne, the Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (a department of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France), Institut Paul Emile Victor, Total Foundation and the NOAA's Ocean Exploration and Research program that provided support to the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory to build the hydrophones and moorings for the DEFLO experiment. Analysis and writing were supported by French Minister of Ecology, Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises, University of La Rochelle. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 58 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 67 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 13 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 8 AR e71561 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0071561 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 201BN UT WOS:000323115800064 PM 23967221 ER PT J AU Xie, RB Long, GG Weigand, SJ Moss, SC Carvalho, T Roorda, S Hejna, M Torquato, S Steinhardt, PJ AF Xie, Ruobing Long, Gabrielle G. Weigand, Steven J. Moss, Simon C. Carvalho, Tobi Roorda, Sjoerd Hejna, Miroslav Torquato, Salvatore Steinhardt, Paul J. TI Hyperuniformity in amorphous silicon based on the measurement of the infinite-wavelength limit of the structure factor SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE glass; disordered solid ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; ENERGY BARRIER; DIFFRACTION; SI; RELAXATION; GLASSES; ORDER; GE AB We report the results of highly sensitive transmission X-ray scattering measurements performed at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, on nearly fully dense high-purity amorphous-silicon (a-Si) samples for the purpose of determining their degree of hyperuniformity. A perfectly hyperuniform structure has complete suppression of infinite-wavelength density fluctuations, or, equivalently, the structure factor S(q -> 0) = 0; the smaller the value of S(0), the higher the degree of hyperuniformity. Annealing was observed to increase the degree of hyperuniformity in a-Si where we found S(0) = 0.0075 (+/- 0.0005), which is significantly below the computationally determined lower bound recently suggested by de Graff and Thorpe [de Graff AMR, Thorpe MF (2010) Acta Crystallogr A 66(Pt 1):22-31] based on studies of continuous random network models, but consistent with the recently proposed nearly hyperuniform network picture of a-Si. Increasing hyperuniformity is correlated with narrowing of the first diffraction peak and extension of the range of oscillations in the pair distribution function. C1 [Xie, Ruobing; Long, Gabrielle G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Long, Gabrielle G.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Weigand, Steven J.] Northwestern Univ, Argonne Natl Lab, DuPont Northwestern Dow Collaborat Access Team Sy, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Moss, Simon C.] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Moss, Simon C.] Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Carvalho, Tobi; Roorda, Sjoerd] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Hejna, Miroslav; Torquato, Salvatore; Steinhardt, Paul J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Torquato, Salvatore] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Torquato, Salvatore] Princeton Univ, Princeton Inst Sci & Technol Mat, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Steinhardt, Paul J.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Ctr Theoret Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Steinhardt, PJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM steinh@princeton.edu RI Roorda, Sjoerd/N-2604-2014; OI Xie, Ruobing/0000-0003-0266-9122 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-AC02-006CH11357]; National Science Foundation-Materials Research Science and Engineering Center Program through New York University [DMR-0820341]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Counsel of Canada; Fonds de Recherche Nature et Technologies Quebec FX We thank Mike Thorpe for discussions during the early portion of this research and Jan Ilavsky for help with the ultra small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) measurements. This research was performed mainly at the SAXS/wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) instrument at DuPont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team 5-ID-D and also at the USAXS instrument at 32-ID-B at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. Use of the APS is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract DE-AC02-006CH11357. This work is supported in part by the National Science Foundation-Materials Research Science and Engineering Center Program through New York University (DMR-0820341 to S.T. and P.J.S.) and by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Counsel of Canada and Fonds de Recherche Nature et Technologies Quebec (S.R. and T.C.). NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 8 U2 38 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 13 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 33 BP 13250 EP 13254 DI 10.1073/pnas.1220106110 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 200LA UT WOS:000323069200023 PM 23898166 ER PT J AU Lindegren, M Checkley, DM Rouyer, T MacCall, AD Stenseth, NC AF Lindegren, Martin Checkley, David M., Jr. Rouyer, Tristan MacCall, Alec D. Stenseth, Nils Chr. TI Climate, fishing, and fluctuations of sardine and anchovy in the California Current SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE species replacement; population modeling; climate change; ecosystem-based management ID PACIFIC SARDINE; NORTHERN ANCHOVY; BALTIC COD; POPULATIONS; RECRUITMENT; COLLAPSE; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; REGIME; STOCK AB Since the days of Elton, population cycles have challenged ecologists and resource managers. Although the underlying mechanisms remain debated, theory holds that both density-dependent and density-independent processes shape the dynamics. One striking example is the large-scale fluctuations of sardine and anchovy observed across the major upwelling areas of the world. Despite a long history of research, the causes of these fluctuations remain unresolved and heavily debated, with significant implications for fisheries management. We here model the underlying causes of these fluctuations, using the California Current Ecosystem as a case study, and show that the dynamics, accurately reproduced since A.D. 1661 onward, are explained by interacting density-dependent processes (i.e., through species-specific life-history traits) and climate forcing. Furthermore, we demonstrate how fishing modifies the dynamics and show that the sardine collapse of the 1950s was largely unavoidable given poor recruitment conditions. Our approach provides unique insight into the origin of sardine-anchovy fluctuations and a knowledge base for sustainable fisheries management in the California Current Ecosystem and beyond. C1 [Lindegren, Martin; Checkley, David M., Jr.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Rouyer, Tristan] IFREMER, UMR 212 EME Ecosyst Marins Exploites, F-34200 Sete, France. [MacCall, Alec D.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Stenseth, Nils Chr.] Univ Oslo, Dept Biol Sci, CEES, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Lindegren, M (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. EM mlindegren@ucsd.edu RI Stenseth, Nils Chr./G-5212-2016; OI Stenseth, Nils Chr./0000-0002-1591-5399; Lindegren, Martin/0000-0002-9185-951X FU Scripps Institution of Oceanography Postdoctoral Fellowship; National Science Foundation [OCE-0928425] FX We thank L. Jacobson, K. Hill, and S. McClatchie at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for providing data and comments regarding S-R modeling, as well as former and present colleagues for their efforts understanding sardine-anchovy biology in the CCE and beyond. M.L. was supported by a Scripps Institution of Oceanography Postdoctoral Fellowship and by National Science Foundation Grant OCE-0928425. NR 38 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 95 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 13 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 33 BP 13672 EP 13677 DI 10.1073/pnas.1305733110 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 200LA UT WOS:000323069200095 PM 23836661 ER PT J AU Kelble, CR Loomis, DK Lovelace, S Nuttle, WK Ortner, PB Fletcher, P Cook, GS Lorenz, JJ Boyer, JN AF Kelble, Christopher R. Loomis, Dave K. Lovelace, Susan Nuttle, William K. Ortner, Peter B. Fletcher, Pamela Cook, Geoffrey S. Lorenz, Jerry J. Boyer, Joseph N. TI The EBM-DPSER Conceptual Model: Integrating Ecosystem Services into the DPSIR Framework SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID COASTAL MANAGEMENT; SOUTH FLORIDA; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE; DECISION-MAKING; INDICATORS; SCIENCE; IMPLEMENTATION; BIODIVERSITY AB There is a pressing need to integrate biophysical and human dimensions science to better inform holistic ecosystem management supporting the transition from single species or single-sector management to multi-sector ecosystem-based management. Ecosystem-based management should focus upon ecosystem services, since they reflect societal goals, values, desires, and benefits. The inclusion of ecosystem services into holistic management strategies improves management by better capturing the diversity of positive and negative human-natural interactions and making explicit the benefits to society. To facilitate this inclusion, we propose a conceptual model that merges the broadly applied Driver, Pressure, State, Impact, and Response (DPSIR) conceptual model with ecosystem services yielding a Driver, Pressure, State, Ecosystem service, and Response (EBM-DPSER) conceptual model. The impact module in traditional DPSIR models focuses attention upon negative anthropomorphic impacts on the ecosystem; by replacing impacts with ecosystem services the EBM-DPSER model incorporates not only negative, but also positive changes in the ecosystem. Responses occur as a result of changes in ecosystem services and include inter alia management actions directed at proactively altering human population or individual behavior and infrastructure to meet societal goals. The EBM-DPSER conceptual model was applied to the Florida Keys and Dry Tortugas marine ecosystem as a case study to illustrate how it can inform management decisions. This case study captures our system-level understanding and results in a more holistic representation of ecosystem and human society interactions, thus improving our ability to identify trade-offs. The EBM-DPSER model should be a useful operational tool for implementing EBM, in that it fully integrates our knowledge of all ecosystem components while focusing management attention upon those aspects of the ecosystem most important to human society and does so within a framework already familiar to resource managers. C1 [Kelble, Christopher R.; Cook, Geoffrey S.] NOAA, Ocean Chem Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Loomis, Dave K.] E Carolina Univ, Inst Coastal Sci & Policy, Greenville, NC USA. [Lovelace, Susan] NOAA, JHT Inc, Hollings Marine Lab, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Charleston, SC USA. [Nuttle, William K.] Ecohydrology, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Ortner, Peter B.; Cook, Geoffrey S.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Fletcher, Pamela] Univ Florida Sea Grant, Gainesville, FL USA. [Lorenz, Jerry J.] Audubon Florida, Tavernier Sci Ctr, Tavernier, FL USA. [Boyer, Joseph N.] Plymouth State Univ, Ctr Environm, Plymouth, NH USA. RP Kelble, CR (reprint author), NOAA, Ocean Chem Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM chris.kelble@noaa.gov RI Kelble, Christopher/A-8511-2008; Cook, Geoffrey/A-7469-2014; Fletcher, Pamela/F-7296-2015 OI Kelble, Christopher/0000-0003-0914-4134; FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (Coastal Ocean Program) [NA08OAR4320889, NA09NOS4780224, NA09NOS4780225, NA09NOS4780226, NA09NOS4780227, NA09NOS4780228] FX This paper is a result of research under the Marine and Estuarine Goal Setting (MARES) for South Florida Project funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (Coastal Ocean Program), under award NA08OAR4320889 to the University of Miami, NA09NOS4780224 to Nova Southeastern University, NA09NOS4780225 to the University of Massachusetts Amherst, NA09NOS4780226 to the National Audubon Society, NA09NOS4780227 to Florida Gulf Coast University, NA09NOS4780228 to Florida International University, and to the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 74 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 10 U2 104 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 12 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 8 AR e70766 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0070766 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 200UV UT WOS:000323097300049 PM 23951002 ER PT J AU Martin, RG Armitage, PJ Alexander, RD AF Martin, Rebecca G. Armitage, Philip J. Alexander, Richard D. TI FORMATION OF CIRCUMBINARY PLANETS IN A DEAD ZONE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries: close; planets and satellites: formation; protoplanetary disks; stars: pre-main sequence ID T TAURI DISKS; PROTOPLANETARY DISCS; ACCRETION DISKS; PLANETESIMAL ACCRETION; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; LAYERED ACCRETION; MILLIMETER EMISSION; TURBULENT DISKS; BINARY-SYSTEMS; STAR SYSTEMS AB Circumbinary planets have been observed at orbital radii where binary perturbations may have significant effects on the gas disk structure, on planetesimal velocity dispersion, and on the coupling between turbulence and planetesimals. Here, we note that the impact of all of these effects on planet formation is qualitatively altered if the circumbinary disk structure is layered, with a non-turbulent midplane layer (dead zone) and strongly turbulent surface layers. For close binaries, we find that the dead zone typically extends from a radius close to the inner disk edge up to a radius of around 10-20AU from the center of mass of the binary. The peak in the surface density occurs within the dead zone, far from the inner disk edge, close to the snow line, and may act as a trap for aerodynamically coupled solids. We suggest that circumbinary planet formation may be easier near this preferential location than for disks around single stars. However, dead zones around wide binaries are less likely, and hence planet formation may be more difficult there. C1 [Martin, Rebecca G.; Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Martin, Rebecca G.; Armitage, Philip J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Alexander, Richard D.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. RP Martin, RG (reprint author), NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. FU California Institute of Technology (Caltech); NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program; NASA [HST-AR-12814, NAS 5-26555]; Space Telescope Science Institute; NASA's Origins of Solar Systems program [NNX13AI58G]; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) through an Advanced Fellowship [ST/G00711X/1, ST/K001000/1] FX We thank an anonymous referee for useful comments. R.G.M.'s support was provided in part under contract with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program. P.J.A. acknowledges support from NASA under grant HST-AR-12814 awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contact NAS 5-26555, and from NASA's Origins of Solar Systems program under grant NNX13AI58G. R.D.A. acknowledges support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) through an Advanced Fellowship (ST/G00711X/1) and Consolidated grant ST/K001000/1. NR 79 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2013 VL 773 IS 1 AR 74 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/773/1/74 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 193BN UT WOS:000322531900074 ER PT J AU Conrad, JL Gilbert-Horvath, EA Garza, JC AF Conrad, J. Louise Gilbert-Horvath, Elizabeth A. Garza, John Carlos TI Genetic and phenotypic effects on reproductive outcomes for captively-reared coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Relatedness coefficient; Genetic management; Captive broodstock; Artificial propagation; Maternal effect; Oncorhynchus kisutch ID CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; RIVER SOCKEYE-SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; OVERRIPE EGGS; BROODSTOCK MANAGEMENT; PAIRWISE RELATEDNESS; FISH POPULATIONS; PACIFIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT AB Captive breeding programs are a common approach to preventing extinction and rehabilitating endangered stocks of Pacific salmonids. To minimize inbreeding in these typically small populations, genetic data from microsatellite loci have been used to estimate relatedness and choose spawning pairs. Phenotypic attributes (e. g., body size), that result at least in part from environmental conditions during rearing likely affect reproductive outcome as well. However, the combined effects of individual phenotype and genetic broodstock management have not been previously evaluated. This study assessed the influence of genetic background (source of original broodstock collection, and heterozygosity of both male and female parents), the molecular genetic-derived relatedness coefficient of mated pairs, and phenotypic attributes of female parents (body size, ovulation rate) on reproductive outcome for three brood years of endangered coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, from the Russian River, California. Over 1200 full-sibling family groups were created in total, whose survival was tracked individually from fertilization through the swim-up fry stage. Strong maternal influence on reproductive outcome was found, as increased female body mass resulted in lower progeny survival rates, and higher ovulation rates predicted improved progeny survival. Male and female heterozygosity was generally positively related to embryo survival, but this effect was not consistently observed across brood years or early life stages. The relatedness coefficient between mated pairs had a significant and negative effect on progeny survival, particularly after hatching, even though the most inbred matings were prevented. Thus, use of genetic broodstock management to guide selection of salmon breeding pairs increases offspring survival, in addition to reducing inbreeding. (C) 2013 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Conrad, J. Louise] Warm Springs Hatchery, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Geyserville, CA 95441 USA. [Gilbert-Horvath, Elizabeth A.; Garza, John Carlos] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Gilbert-Horvath, Elizabeth A.; Garza, John Carlos] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Conrad, JL (reprint author), Dept Water Resources, 3500 Ind Blvd, West Sacramento, CA 95691 USA. EM louiseconrad9@gmail.com NR 73 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD AUG 10 PY 2013 VL 404 BP 95 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.04.013 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 176UI UT WOS:000321330600015 ER PT J AU Li, SM Sun, DL Yu, YY AF Li, Sanmei Sun, Donglian Yu, Yunyue TI Automatic cloud-shadow removal from flood/standing water maps using MSG/SEVIRI imagery SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CLASSIFICATION; CANADA; MASK AB Cloud shadows are a major problem in the detection of flood/standing water using satellite data. Because cloud shadows and flood/standing water have similar spectral characteristics, the traditional means of detection based on spectral properties may fail to distinguish them from each other accurately. Because clouds cast shadows over land, this phenomenon can be analysed using the geometric correlations between clouds and cloud shadows; thus, this method might detect cloud shadows. Based on this concept, geometric relationships were established between clouds and their shadows using satellite data and satellite-solar geometries. Furthermore, an iterative method combining geometric and spectral properties was developed to automatically remove cloud shadows from flood/standing water in satellite maps. This method was applied and tested using MSG/SEVIRI (Meteosat Second Generation/Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager) data and continues to show promising and consistent results. C1 [Li, Sanmei; Sun, Donglian] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Yu, Yunyue] NOAA, STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Li, SM (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM slia@gmu.edu RI Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) GOES-R Program FX This study was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) GOES-R Program. The article contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the US Government. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD AUG 10 PY 2013 VL 34 IS 15 BP 5487 EP 5502 DI 10.1080/01431161.2013.792969 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 141ZK UT WOS:000318765000013 ER PT J AU Zhang, CL Li, HF Song, Y Su, YX Tan, GT Netherton, T Redding, C Carr, SV Sobolev, O Schneidewind, A Faulhaber, E Harriger, LW Li, SL Lu, XY Yao, DX Das, T Balatsky, AV Bruckel, T Lynn, JW Dai, PC AF Zhang, Chenglin Li, H. -F. Song, Yu Su, Yixi Tan, Guotai Netherton, Tucker Redding, Caleb Carr, Scott V. Sobolev, Oleg Schneidewind, Astrid Faulhaber, Enrico Harriger, L. W. Li, Shiliang Lu, Xingye Yao, Dao-Xin Das, Tanmoy Balatsky, A. V. Brueckel, Th. Lynn, J. W. Dai, Pengcheng TI Distinguishing s(+/-) and s(++) electron pairing symmetries by neutron spin resonance in superconducting NaFe0.935Co0.045As SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID IRON; EXCITATIONS; SCATTERING AB A determination of the superconducting (SC) electron pairing symmetry forms the basis for establishing a microscopic mechanism for superconductivity. For iron pnictide superconductors, the s(+/-)-pairing symmetry theory predicts the presence of a sharp neutron spin resonance at an energy below the sum of hole and electron SC gap energies (E <= 2 Delta) below T-c. On the other hand, the s(++)-pairing symmetry expects a broad spin excitation enhancement at an energy above 2 Delta below Tc. Although the resonance has been observed in iron pnictide superconductors at an energy below 2 Delta consistent with the s(+/-)-pairing symmetry, the mode has also been interpreted as arising from the s++-pairing symmetry with E <= 2 Delta due to its broad energy width and the large uncertainty in determining the SC gaps. Here we use inelastic neutron scattering to reveal a sharp resonance at E = 7 meV in SC NaFe0.935Co0.045As (T-c = 18 K). On warming towards Tc, the mode energy hardly softens while its energy width increases rapidly. By comparing with calculated spin-excitation spectra within the s(+/-) and s++-pairing symmetries, we conclude that the ground-state resonance in NaFe0.935Co0.045As is only consistent with the s(+/-) pairing, and is inconsistent with the s(++)-pairing symmetry. C1 [Zhang, Chenglin; Song, Yu; Carr, Scott V.; Dai, Pengcheng] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Zhang, Chenglin; Song, Yu; Tan, Guotai; Netherton, Tucker; Redding, Caleb; Carr, Scott V.; Dai, Pengcheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Li, H. -F.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Julich Ctr Neutron Sci JCNS, Outstn Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Li, H. -F.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Kristallog, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. [Su, Yixi; Schneidewind, Astrid] Forschungszentrum Julich, Julich Ctr Neutron Sci JCNS, Outstn MLZ, D-85747 Garching, Germany. [Tan, Guotai] Beijing Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Sobolev, Oleg] Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Schneidewind, Astrid; Faulhaber, Enrico] Tech Univ Munich, Forschungsneutronenquelle Heinz Maier Leibnitz FR, D-85747 Garching, Germany. [Faulhaber, Enrico] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie, Gemeinsame Forschergrp HZB TU Dresden, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Harriger, L. W.; Lynn, J. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Shiliang; Lu, Xingye; Dai, Pengcheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Yao, Dao-Xin] Sun Yat Sen Univ, State Key Lab Optoelect Mat & Technol, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Das, Tanmoy; Balatsky, A. V.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Brueckel, Th.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Julich Ctr Neutron Sci JCNS, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Brueckel, Th.] Forschungszentrum Julich, JARA FIT, Peter Grunberg Inst, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Zhang, CL (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM pdai@rice.edu RI Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Su, Yixi/K-9119-2013; Li, Shiliang/B-9379-2009; Li, Haifeng/F-9743-2013; Bruckel, Thomas/J-2968-2013; Sobolev, Oleg/P-5983-2016; OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Su, Yixi/0000-0001-8434-1758; Bruckel, Thomas/0000-0003-1378-0416; Song, Yu/0000-0002-3460-393X; Netherton, Tucker/0000-0003-1583-7121 FU US DOE, BES [DE-FG02-05ER46202]; MOST (973 Project) [2012CB82400]; BMBF [05K10PA3]; NNSA of the US DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; [NSFC-11074310]; [RFDPHE-20110171110026]; [NCET-11-0547] FX The single-crystal growth efforts and neutron-scattering work at UT/Rice were supported by the US DOE, BES, through Contract No. DE-FG02-05ER46202. Work at IOP was supported by MOST (973 Project No. 2012CB82400). The work at JCNS and RWTH Aachen University was partially funded by the BMBF under Contract No. 05K10PA3. Work at LANL was supported by the NNSA of the US DOE under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. Work at SYSU was supported by NSFC-11074310, RFDPHE-20110171110026, NCET-11-0547. NR 50 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 38 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 9 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 6 AR 064504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.064504 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 198CC UT WOS:000322898300006 ER PT J AU Dionysopoulou, K Alic, D Palenzuela, C Rezzolla, L Giacomazzo, B AF Dionysopoulou, Kyriaki Alic, Daniela Palenzuela, Carlos Rezzolla, Luciano Giacomazzo, Bruno TI General-relativistic resistive magnetohydrodynamics in three dimensions: Formulation and tests SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LOCAL CHARACTERISTIC APPROACH; GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; NEUTRON-STARS; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; NUMERICAL SCHEME; BLACK-HOLE; SIMULATIONS; FIELD; MHD; REFINEMENT AB We present a new numerical implementation of the general-relativistic resistive magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations within the WHISKY code. The numerical method adopted exploits the properties of implicit-explicit Runge-Kutta numerical schemes to treat the stiff terms that appear in the equations for large electrical conductivities. Using tests in one, two, and three dimensions, we show that our implementation is robust and recovers the ideal-MHD limit in regimes of very high conductivity. Moreover, the results illustrate that the code is capable of describing scenarios in a very wide range of conductivities. In addition to tests in flat spacetime, we report simulations of magnetized nonrotating relativistic stars, both in the Cowling approximation and in dynamical spacetimes. Finally, because of its astrophysical relevance and because it provides a severe tested for general-relativistic codes with dynamical electromagnetic fields, we study the collapse of a nonrotating star to a black hole. We show that also in this case our results on the quasinormal mode frequencies of the excited electromagnetic fields in the Schwarzschild background agree with the perturbative studies within 0.7% and 5.6% for the real and the imaginary part of the l = 1 mode eigenfrequency, respectively. Finally we provide an estimate of the electromagnetic efficiency of this process. C1 [Dionysopoulou, Kyriaki; Alic, Daniela; Rezzolla, Luciano] Albert Einstein Inst, Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Rezzolla, Luciano] Inst Theoret Phys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Rezzolla, Luciano] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Palenzuela, Carlos] Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Giacomazzo, Bruno] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Giacomazzo, Bruno] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dionysopoulou, K (reprint author), Albert Einstein Inst, Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. RI Giacomazzo, Bruno/I-8088-2012 OI Giacomazzo, Bruno/0000-0002-6947-4023 FU DFG [SFB/Transregio 7]; "CompStar'', a Research Networking Programme of the European Science Foundation; University of Texas at Austin through XSEDE [TG-PHY110027]; NASA [NNX09AI75G]; NSF [AST 1009396] FX It is a pleasure to thank Wolfgang Kastaun and Kentaro Takami for their help in the eigenfrequencies of the oscillating stars and Nikolaos Stergioulas for helpful discussions. This work was supported in part by the DFG grant SFB/Transregio 7 and by "CompStar'', a Research Networking Programme of the European Science Foundation. The computations were made at the AEI and also on the cluster RANGER at the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at The University of Texas at Austin through XSEDE Grant No. TG-PHY110027. B G acknowledges support from NASA Grant No. NNX09AI75G and NSF Grant No. AST 1009396. NR 69 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 9 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 4 AR 044020 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.88.044020 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 198EB UT WOS:000322903600004 ER PT J AU Martin, MJ Bishof, M Swallows, MD Zhang, X Benko, C von-Stecher, J Gorshkov, AV Rey, AM Ye, J AF Martin, M. J. Bishof, M. Swallows, M. D. Zhang, X. Benko, C. von-Stecher, J. Gorshkov, A. V. Rey, A. M. Ye, Jun TI A Quantum Many-Body Spin System in an Optical Lattice Clock SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ULTRACOLD ATOMS; GAS; ENTANGLEMENT; SIMULATION; LIMIT AB Strongly interacting quantum many-body systems arise in many areas of physics, but their complexity generally precludes exact solutions to their dynamics. We explored a strongly interacting two-level system formed by the clock states in Sr-87 as a laboratory for the study of quantum many-body effects. Our collective spin measurements reveal signatures of the development of many-body correlations during the dynamical evolution. We derived a many-body Hamiltonian that describes the experimental observation of atomic spin coherence decay, density-dependent frequency shifts, severely distorted lineshapes, and correlated spin noise. These investigations open the door to further explorations of quantum many-body effects and entanglement through use of highly coherent and precisely controlled optical lattice clocks. C1 [Martin, M. J.; Bishof, M.; Swallows, M. D.; Zhang, X.; Benko, C.; von-Stecher, J.; Rey, A. M.; Ye, Jun] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Martin, M. J.; Bishof, M.; Swallows, M. D.; Zhang, X.; Benko, C.; von-Stecher, J.; Rey, A. M.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Martin, M. J.; Bishof, M.; Swallows, M. D.; Zhang, X.; Benko, C.; von-Stecher, J.; Rey, A. M.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gorshkov, A. V.] CALTECH, IQIM, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Martin, MJ (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mjmartin@caltech.edu; arey@jilau1.colorado.edu; ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008; Benko, Craig/L-2678-2015 OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421; FU National Institute of Standards and Technology, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Optical Lattice Emulator Program; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate fellowship program; NSF IQIM; Lee A. DuBridge Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX We thank S. Blatt, J. Thomsen, W. Zhang, T. Nicholson, J. Williams, B. Bloom, and S. Campbell for technical help and A. D. Ludlow, K. R. A. Hazzard, M. Foss-Feig, A. J. Daley, and J. K. Thompson for discussions. The work is supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Optical Lattice Emulator Program administered by Army Research Office, NSF, and Air Force Office of Scientific Research. M. B. acknowledges support from the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate fellowship program. A. V. G. acknowledges support from NSF IQIM, the Lee A. DuBridge Foundation, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. NR 28 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 9 PY 2013 VL 341 IS 6146 BP 632 EP 636 DI 10.1126/science.1236929 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 197XC UT WOS:000322884800032 PM 23929976 ER PT J AU Rosado-Reyes, CM Tsang, W Alecu, IM Merchant, SS Green, WH AF Rosado-Reyes, Claudette M. Tsang, Wing Alecu, Ionut M. Merchant, Shame S. Green, William H. TI Dehydration of Isobutanol and the Elimination of Water from Fuel Alcohols SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL TRANSITION-STATE; PULSE SHOCK-TUBE; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; THERMOCHEMICAL KINETICS; RATE CONSTANTS; MODEL CHEMISTRIES; ATOM ATTACK; N-BUTANOL; HYDROPEROXYL AB Rate coefficients for the dehydration of isobutanol have been determined experimentally from comparative rate single pulse shock tube measurements and calculated via multistructural transition state theory (MS-TST). They are represented by the Arrhenius expression, k(isobutanol -> isobutene + H2O)(experimental) = 7.2 x 10(13) exp(-35300 K/T) s(-1). The theoretical work leads to the high pressure rate expression, k(isobutanol -> isobutene + H2O)(theory) = 3.5 x 10(13) exp(-35400 K/T) s(-1). Results are thus within a factor of 2 of each other. The experimental results cover the temperature range 1090-1240 K and pressure range 1.5-6 atm, with no discernible pressure effects. Analysis of these results, in combination with earlier single pulse shock tube work, made it possible to derive the governing factors that control the rate coefficients for alcohol dehydration in general. Alcohol dehydration rate constants depend on the location of the hydroxyl group (primary, secondary, and tertiary) and the number of available H-atoms adjacent to the OH group for water elimination. The position of the H-atoms in the hydrocarbon backbone appears to be unimportant except for highly substituted molecules. From these correlations, we have derived k(isopropanol -> propene + H2O) = 7.2 x 10(13) exp(-33000 K/T) s(-1). Comparison of experimental determination with theoretical calculations for this dehydration, and those for ethanol show deviations of the same magnitude as for isobutanol. Systematic differences between experiments and theoretical calculations are common. C1 [Rosado-Reyes, Claudette M.; Tsang, Wing] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Alecu, Ionut M.; Merchant, Shame S.; Green, William H.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Rosado-Reyes, CM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM claudette.rosado-reyes@nist.gov OI Green, William/0000-0003-2603-9694 NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 8 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 31 BP 6724 EP 6736 DI 10.1021/jp4045513 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 200PT UT WOS:000323082000002 PM 23805873 ER PT J AU Regonda, SK Seo, DJ Lawrence, B Brown, JD Demargne, J AF Regonda, Satish Kumar Seo, Dong-Jun Lawrence, Bill Brown, James D. Demargne, Julie TI Short-term ensemble streamflow forecasting using operationally-produced single-valued streamflow forecasts - A Hydrologic Model Output Statistics (HMOS) approach SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrologic ensemble forecasting; Model output statistics; Total predictive uncertainty; Single-valued operational streamflow forecast; Normal quantile transform; Ensemble verification ID PREDICTIVE UNCERTAINTY; ECONOMIC VALUE; SYSTEM; SKILL AB We present a statistical procedure for generating short-term ensemble streamflow forecasts from single-valued, or deterministic, streamflow forecasts produced operationally by the U.S. National Weather Service (NWS) River Forecast Centers (RFCs). The resulting ensemble streamflow forecast provides an estimate of the predictive uncertainty associated with the single-valued forecast to support risk-based decision making by the forecasters and by the users of the forecast products, such as emergency managers. Forced by single-valued quantitative precipitation and temperature forecasts (QPF, QTF), the single-valued streamflow forecasts are produced at a 6-h time step nominally out to 5 days into the future. The single-valued streamflow forecasts reflect various run-time modifications, or "manual data assimilation", applied by the human forecasters in an attempt to reduce error from various sources in the end-to-end forecast process. The proposed procedure generates ensemble traces of streamflow from a parsimonious approximation of the conditional multivariate probability distribution of future streamflow given the single-valued streamflow forecast, QPF, and the most recent streamflow observation. For parameter estimation and evaluation, we used a multiyear archive of the single-valued river stage forecast produced operationally by the NWS Arkansas-Red River Basin River Forecast Center (ABRFC) in Tulsa, Oklahoma. As a by-product of parameter estimation, the procedure provides a categorical assessment of the effective lead time of the operational hydrologic forecasts for different QPF and forecast flow conditions. To evaluate the procedure, we carried out hindcasting experiments in dependent and cross-validation modes. The results indicate that the short-term streamflow ensemble hindcasts generated from the procedure are generally reliable within the effective lead time of the single-valued forecasts and well capture the skill of the single-valued forecasts. For smaller basins, however, the effective lead time is significantly reduced by short basin memory and reduced skill in the single-valued QPF. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Regonda, Satish Kumar] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Regonda, Satish Kumar] Riverside Technol Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Seo, Dong-Jun] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Civil Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Lawrence, Bill] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Arkansas Red Basin River Forecast Ctr, Tulsa, OK 74128 USA. [Brown, James D.] Hydrol Solut Ltd, Southampton, Hants, England. RP Regonda, SK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM satish.regonda@noaa.gov FU Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) program of the National Weather Service (NWS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Climate Predictions Program for the Americas (CPPA) of the Climate Program Office (CPO), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); LEN Technologies, Inc. from the NOAA/National Weather Service Hydrologic Operations and Services [GS35F0575T]; University of Texas at Arlington from the NOAA/National Weather Service Hydrologic Operations and Services [GS35F0575T]; National Research Council fellowship FX This work is supported by the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) program of the National Weather Service (NWS) and by the Climate Predictions Program for the Americas (CPPA) of the Climate Program Office (CPO), both of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The support for the second author was provided in part by the agreement between LEN Technologies, Inc., and the University of Texas at Arlington under an order for services (Contract Number GS35F0575T) from the NOAA/National Weather Service Hydrologic Operations and Services. These supports are gratefully acknowledged. The first author thanks the National Research Council fellowship for the part of the support, James Paul at the ABRFC for the support in the data acquisition and Mary Mullusky NWS Hydrologic Services Division for inception of the HMOS approach. The authors acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for their comments. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD AUG 8 PY 2013 VL 497 BP 80 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.05.028 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 199UA UT WOS:000323019800008 ER PT J AU Wang, SF Yang, S Lee, J Akgun, B Wu, DT Foster, MD AF Wang, Shih-fan Yang, Sewoo Lee, Jaesik Akgun, Bulent Wu, David T. Foster, Mark D. TI Anomalous Surface Relaxations of Branched-Polymer Melts SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURES; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); POLYSTYRENE FILMS; RHEOLOGY; DYNAMICS; FLUCTUATIONS; BEHAVIOR; LIQUIDS; MOTION AB The dynamics of thermally stimulated surface fluctuations of 100 nm thick films of long-branched polymers are measured for the first time. In contrast to comparable films of linear or cyclic chains that show no change in viscosity upon confinement, films of 6-pom, 6-star, and 6-end end-branched stars show viscosities, inferred from x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, as much as 100 times higher than in the bulk. This difference varies in magnitude with chain architecture. Branching has a profound effect on confinement, even for these unentangled chains. C1 [Wang, Shih-fan; Yang, Sewoo; Lee, Jaesik; Foster, Mark D.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Bogazici Univ, Dept Chem, TR-34342 Istanbul, Turkey. [Wu, David T.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Wu, David T.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wang, SF (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RI Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011 FU NSF [CBET-0730692, CBET-0731319]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Science [DE-AC02-06-CH11357] FX We thank David Simmons for very helpful discussions, Liang Hong for valuable advice, YangYang Wang for measuring bulk rheology, and to Zhang Jiang and Suresh Narayanan of APS for assistance with XPCS and analysis. This work was supported by NSF Grants No. CBET-0730692 and No. CBET-0731319. The Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06-CH11357. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 41 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 8 PY 2013 VL 111 IS 6 AR 068303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.068303 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 198KI UT WOS:000322921200022 PM 23971618 ER PT J AU Chan, EP Walish, JJ Urbas, AM Thomas, EL AF Chan, Edwin P. Walish, Joseph J. Urbas, Augustine M. Thomas, Edwin L. TI Mechanochromic Photonic Gels SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE photonic crystals; stimuli-responsive materials; block copolymers; gels; mechanochromism ID CRYSTALLINE COLLOIDAL ARRAYS; BLOCK-COPOLYMER; WRINKLING PATTERNS; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; STRUCTURAL COLOR; LIQUID-CRYSTAL; BAND-GAPS; DEFORMATION; ELASTOMERS; SOLVENT AB Polymer gels are remarkable materials with physical structures that can adapt significantly and quite rapidly with changes in the local environment, such as temperature, light intensity, electrochemistry, and mechanical force. An interesting phenomenon observed in certain polymer gel systems is mechanochromism - a change in color due to a mechanical deformation. Mechanochromic photonic gels are periodically structured gels engineered with a photonic stopband that can be tuned by mechanical forces to reflect specific colors. These materials have potential as mechanochromic sensors because both the mechanical and optical properties are highly tailorable via incorporation of diluents, solvents, nanoparticles, or polymers, or the application of stimuli such as temperature, pH, or electric or strain fields. Recent advances in photonic gels that display strain-dependent optical properties are discussed. In particular, this discussion focuses primarily on polymer-based photonic gels that are directly or indirectly fabricated via self-assembly, as these materials are promising soft material platforms for scalable mechanochromic sensors. C1 [Chan, Edwin P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Walish, Joseph J.] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Urbas, Augustine M.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Thomas, Edwin L.] Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RP Chan, EP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8542, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edwin.chan@nist.gov; elt@rice.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AOARD RD) [114078, 114095]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-12-1-0044] FX E.L.T. acknowledges the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AOARD R&D Grant 114078 & Grant 114095), and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (HDTRA1-12-1-0044) for financial support. Official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 95 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 31 U2 238 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD AUG 7 PY 2013 VL 25 IS 29 BP 3934 EP 3947 DI 10.1002/adma.201300692 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 261VJ UT WOS:000327692400002 PM 23754505 ER PT J AU Montagna, PA Baguley, JG Cooksey, C Hartwell, I Hyde, LJ Hyland, JL Kalke, RD Kracker, LM Reuscher, M Rhodes, ACE AF Montagna, Paul A. Baguley, Jeffrey G. Cooksey, Cynthia Hartwell, Ian Hyde, Larry J. Hyland, Jeffrey L. Kalke, Richard D. Kracker, Laura M. Reuscher, Michael Rhodes, Adelaide C. E. TI Deep-Sea Benthic Footprint of the Deepwater Horizon Blowout SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; OFFSHORE PRODUCTION PLATFORMS; NEMATODE-COPEPOD RATIO; CADIZ OIL-SPILL; SPECIES RICHNESS; DIVERSITY; MEIOFAUNA; POLLUTION; PLUME; BIODIVERSITY AB The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) accident in the northern Gulf of Mexico occurred on April 20, 2010 at a water depth of 1525 meters, and a deep-sea plume was detected within one month. Oil contacted and persisted in parts of the bottom of the deep-sea in the Gulf of Mexico. As part of the response to the accident, monitoring cruises were deployed in fall 2010 to measure potential impacts on the two main soft-bottom benthic invertebrate groups: macrofauna and meiofauna. Sediment was collected using a multicorer so that samples for chemical, physical and biological analyses could be taken simultaneously and analyzed using multivariate methods. The footprint of the oil spill was identified by creating a new variable with principal components analysis where the first factor was indicative of the oil spill impacts and this new variable mapped in a geographic information system to identify the area of the oil spill footprint. The most severe relative reduction of faunal abundance and diversity extended to 3 km from the wellhead in all directions covering an area about 24 km(2). Moderate impacts were observed up to 17 km towards the southwest and 8.5 km towards the northeast of the wellhead, covering an area 148 km(2). Benthic effects were correlated to total petroleum hydrocarbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and barium concentrations, and distance to the wellhead; but not distance to hydrocarbon seeps. Thus, benthic effects are more likely due to the oil spill, and not natural hydrocarbon seepage. Recovery rates in the deep sea are likely to be slow, on the order of decades or longer. C1 [Montagna, Paul A.; Hyde, Larry J.; Kalke, Richard D.; Reuscher, Michael; Rhodes, Adelaide C. E.] Texas A&M Univ, Harte Res Inst Gulf Mexico Studies, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Baguley, Jeffrey G.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Cooksey, Cynthia; Hyland, Jeffrey L.; Kracker, Laura M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Charleston, SC USA. [Hartwell, Ian] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Montagna, PA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Harte Res Inst Gulf Mexico Studies, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM paul.montagna@tamucc.edu RI Reuscher, Michael/O-5498-2015 OI Reuscher, Michael/0000-0001-5150-9876 FU BP; NOAA as part of the DWH Response; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [DG133C06NC1729]; Industrial Economics as part of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) [1050-TAMUCC] FX Sample collection during cruises on board R/V Gyre and R/V Ocean Veritas during the Response phase was funded by BP and NOAA as part of the DWH Response effort through funds from BP under the direction of the DWH Unified Area Command (UAC). Sample analysis and production of this paper was funded in part by contract DG133C06NC1729 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) via subcontract 1050-TAMUCC from Industrial Economics as part of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA). Christopher Lewis (Industrial Economics, Inc.) and Rob Ricker (NOAA) reviewed and commented on earlier versions of the manuscript. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its personnel. The study design and scope of work for the present deep-water/soft-bottom benthic study was approved jointly by representatives of the DWH NRDA Trustees and BP; neither party had a role in the corresponding sample processing, data analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Pre-approval to submit the manuscript for publication was provided by representatives of the NRDA Trustees. NR 42 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 12 U2 163 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 7 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 8 AR e70540 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0070540 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 200ZE UT WOS:000323109700041 PM 23950956 ER PT J AU Conny, JM AF Conny, Joseph M. TI Internal Composition of Atmospheric Dust Particles from Focused Ion-Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBONACEOUS PARTICLES; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; ABSORPTION AB Use of focused ion-beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) to investigate the internal composition of atmospheric particles is demonstrated for assessing particle optical properties. In the FIB-SEM instrument equipped with an X-ray detector, a gallium-ion beam mills the particle, while the electron beam images the slice faces and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy provides element maps of the partide. Differences in assessments of optical behavior based on FIB-SEM and conventional SEM were shown for five selected urban dust particles. The benefit of FIB-SEM for accurately determining the depth and size of optically important phases within particles was shown. FIB-SEM revealed that iron oxide grains left undetected by conventional SEM could potentially shift the single-scattering albedo of the particle from negative to positive radiative forcing. Analysis of a coke-like particle showed that 73% of the light-scattering inclusion went undetected with conventional SEM, causing the bulk absorption coefficient to vary by as much as 25%. Optical property calculations for particles as volume-equivalent spheres and as spheroids that approximated actual particle shapes revealed that the largest effect between conventional SEM and FIB-SEM analyses was on backscattering efficiency, in some cases varying several-fold. C1 NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Conny, JM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.conny@nist.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) [DW-13-93997301-01] FX The author thanks Robert Fletcher of NIST for a helpful review of the manuscript. Sample collection was funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) under Interagency Agreement DW-13-93997301-01. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 6 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 15 BP 8575 EP 8581 DI 10.1021/es400727x PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 199RR UT WOS:000323013400061 PM 23763344 ER PT J AU Yearley, EJ Zarraga, IE Shire, SJ Scherer, TM Gokarn, Y Wagner, NJ Liu, Y AF Yearley, Eric J. Zarraga, Isidro E. Shire, Steven J. Scherer, Thomas M. Gokarn, Yatin Wagner, Norman J. Liu, Yun TI Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Characterization of Monoclonal Antibody Conformations and Interactions at High Concentrations SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN CONCENTRATION SOLUTIONS; X-RAY-SCATTERING; REVERSIBLE SELF-ASSOCIATION; INTEGRAL-EQUATION THEORY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; CONCENTRATION FORMULATIONS; THERAPEUTIC ANTIBODIES; LYSOZYME SOLUTIONS; CLUSTER FORMATION; VISCOSITY AB Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is used to probe the solution structure of two protein therapeutics (monoclonal antibodies 1 and 2 (MAb1 and MAb2)) and their protein-protein interaction (PPI) at high concentrations. These MAbs differ by small sequence alterations in the complementarity-determining region but show very large differences in solution viscosity. The analyses of SANS patterns as a function of different solution conditions suggest that the average intramolecular structure of both MAbs in solution is not significantly altered over the studied protein concentrations and experimental conditions. Even though a strong repulsive interaction is expected for both MAbs due to their net charges and low solvent ionic strength, analysis of the SANS data shows that the effective PPI for MAb1 is dominated by a very strong attraction at small volume fraction that becomes negligible at large concentrations. The MAb1 PPI cannot be modeled simply by a spherically symmetric central forces model. It is proposed that an anisotropic attraction strongly affects the local interprotein structure and leads to an anomalously large viscosity of concentrated MAb1 solutions. Conversely, MAb2 displays a repulsive interaction potential throughout the concentration series probed and a comparatively small solution viscosity. C1 [Yearley, Eric J.; Wagner, Norman J.; Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Ctr Neutron Sci, Newark, DE USA. [Yearley, Eric J.; Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zarraga, Isidro E.; Shire, Steven J.; Scherer, Thomas M.; Gokarn, Yatin] Genentech Inc, Late Stage Pharmaceut Dev, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. RP Zarraga, IE (reprint author), Genentech Inc, Late Stage Pharmaceut Dev, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. EM zarraga.isidro@gene.com; yunliu@udel.edu RI Wagner, Norman/B-6558-2012; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012 OI Wagner, Norman/0000-0001-9565-619X; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), U.S. Department of Commerce [70NANB10H256, 70NANB7H6178]; Genentech; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science FX This manuscript was prepared under cooperative agreement 70NANB10H256 and 70NANB7H6178 from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of NIST or the U.S. Department of Commerce.; E.J.Y., N.J.W. and Y.L. also acknowledge the financial support from Genentech. The work utilized the NG3-SANS instrument at the Center for Neutron Research at NIST (NCNR), which is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. A portion of this research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science. NR 59 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 65 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD AUG 6 PY 2013 VL 105 IS 3 BP 720 EP 731 DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.06.043 PG 12 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 201KS UT WOS:000323141100022 PM 23931320 ER PT J AU Dupuis, NF Holmstrom, ED Nesbitt, DJ AF Dupuis, Nicholas F. Holmstrom, Erik D. Nesbitt, David J. TI Single-Molecule Kinetics Reveal Cation-Promoted DNA Duplex Formation Through Ordering of Single-Stranded Helices SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RNA TERTIARY STRUCTURE; COUNTERION CONDENSATION THEORY; POLYELECTROLYTE LIMITING LAWS; LASER TEMPERATURE-JUMP; COIL TRANSITION; BASE-STACKING; FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION; FREE-ENERGIES; MG2+ BINDING; STABILITY AB In this work, the kinetics of short, fully complementary oligonucleotides are investigated at the single-molecule level. Constructs 6-9 bp in length exhibit single exponential kinetics over 2 orders of magnitude time for both forward (k(on), association) and reverse (k(off), dissociation) processes. Bimolecular rate constants for association are weakly sensitive to the number of basepairs in the duplex, with a 2.5-fold increase between 9 bp (k(on)' = 2.1(1) x 10(6) M(-1)s(-1)) and 6 bp (k(on)' = 5.0(1) x 10(6) M-1 s(-1)) sequences. In sharp contrast, however, dissociation rate constants prove to be exponentially sensitive to sequence length, varying by nearly 600-fold over the same 9 bp (k(off) = 0.024 s(-1)) to 6 bp (k(off) = 14 s(-1)) range. The 8 bp sequence is explored in more detail, and the NaCl dependence of k(on) and k(off) is measured. Interestingly, k(on) increases by >40-fold (k(on) = 0.10(1) s(-1) to 4.0(4) s(-1) between [NaCl] = 25 mM and 1 M), whereas in contrast, K-off decreases by fourfold (0.72(3) s(-1) to 0.17(7) s(-1)) over the same range of conditions. Thus, the equilibrium constant (K-eq) increases by approximate to 160, largely due to changes in the association rate, km. Finally, temperature-dependent measurements reveal that increased [NaCl] reduces the overall exothermicity (Delta Delta H degrees > 0) of duplex formation, albeit by an amount smaller than the reduction in entropic penalty (-T Delta Delta S degrees < 0). This reduced entropic cost is attributed to a cation-facilitated preordering of the two single-stranded species, which lowers the association free-energy barrier and in turn accelerates the rate of duplex formation. C1 [Dupuis, Nicholas F.; Holmstrom, Erik D.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dupuis, Nicholas F.; Holmstrom, Erik D.; Nesbitt, David J.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Dupuis, Nicholas F.; Holmstrom, Erik D.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation [CHE 1012685, PHY 1125844]; National Institute for Standards and Technology; National Research Council; National Institutes of Health Molecular Biophysics [T32 GM-065103] FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation (CHE 1012685 and PHY 1125844) and the National Institute for Standards and Technology. N.F.D. received postdoctoral fellowship support from the National Research Council. E.D.H. received funding from the National Institutes of Health Molecular Biophysics (training grant T32 GM-065103). NR 69 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 21 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD AUG 6 PY 2013 VL 105 IS 3 BP 756 EP 766 DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.05.061 PG 11 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 201KS UT WOS:000323141100025 PM 23931323 ER PT J AU Li, L Cockayne, E Williamson, I Espinal, L Wong-Ng, W AF Li, Lan Cockayne, Eric Williamson, Izaak Espinal, Laura Wong-Ng, Winnie TI First-principles studies of carbon dioxide adsorption in cryptomelane/hollandite-type manganese dioxide SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OCTAHEDRAL MOLECULAR-SIEVES; METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; CO2 AB A critical challenge in developing engineered materials for low-energy-cost carbon capture and storage applications is to fundamentally understand adsorption, particularly when the materials exhibit hysteretic sorption behavior. We used first-principles calculations and combined with experiments to explore CO2 sorption in a nanoporous solid: cryptomelane-type manganese dioxide (OMS-2). Cations present in this material to not only stabilize its porous structure but also tailor CO2-pore interaction. The concentration, type and charge of cations have significant effects on CO2 adsorption, diffusion and hysteresis behavior. OMS-2 with lower-charge cation, e.g. K+ (Cryptomelane), exhibits less hysteresis than OMS-2 with higher-charge cation, e.g. Ba2+ (Hollandite). (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Lan; Williamson, Izaak] Boise State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Cockayne, Eric; Espinal, Laura; Wong-Ng, Winnie] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), 1910 Univ Dr, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM lanli@boisestate.edu NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2013 VL 580 BP 120 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.07.003 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 199TG UT WOS:000323017800023 ER PT J AU Jemison, LA Pendleton, GW Fritz, LW Hastings, KK Maniscalco, JM Trites, AW Gelatt, TS AF Jemison, Lauri A. Pendleton, Grey W. Fritz, Lowell W. Hastings, Kelly K. Maniscalco, John M. Trites, Andrew W. Gelatt, Tom S. TI Inter-Population Movements of Steller Sea Lions in Alaska with Implications for Population Separation SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CONTROL-REGION SEQUENCES; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; FUR SEALS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; ADULT FEMALE; DISPERSAL; SURVIVAL; ABUNDANCE; DECLINE AB Genetic studies and differing population trends support the separation of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) into a western distinct population segment (WDPS) and an eastern DPS (EDPS) with the dividing line between populations at 144 degrees W. Despite little exchange for thousands of years, the gap between the breeding ranges narrowed during the past 15-30 years with the formation of new rookeries near the DPS boundary. We analyzed >22,000 sightings of 4,172 sea lions branded as pups in each DPS from 2000-2010 to estimate probabilities of a sea lion born in one DPS being seen within the range of the other DPS (either 'West' or 'East'). Males from both populations regularly traveled across the DPS boundary; probabilities were highest at ages 2-5 and for males born in Prince William Sound and southern Southeast Alaska. The probability of WDPS females being in the East at age 5 was 0.067 but 0 for EDPS females which rarely traveled to the West. Prince William Sound-born females had high probabilities of being in the East during breeding and non-breeding seasons. We present strong evidence that WDPS females have permanently emigrated to the East, reproducing at two 'mixing zone' rookeries. We documented breeding bulls that traveled >6,500 km round trip from their natal rookery in southern Alaska to the northern Bering Sea and central Aleutian Islands and back within one year. WDPS animals began moving East in the 1990s, following steep population declines in the central Gulf of Alaska. Results of our study, and others documenting high survival and rapid population growth in northern Southeast Alaska suggest that conditions in this mixing zone region have been optimal for sea lions. It is unclear whether eastward movement across the DPS boundary is due to less-optimal conditions in the West or a reflection of favorable conditions in the East. C1 [Jemison, Lauri A.; Pendleton, Grey W.; Hastings, Kelly K.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Douglas, AK USA. [Fritz, Lowell W.; Gelatt, Tom S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Maniscalco, John M.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Dept Sci, Seward, AK USA. [Trites, Andrew W.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Marine Mammal Res Unit, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Jemison, LA (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Douglas, AK USA. EM lauri.jemison@alaska.gov RI Trites, Andrew/K-5648-2012 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries Alaska Region [NA11NMF4390200, NA08NMF4390544, NA04NMF4390170, NA17FX1079]; Outer Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Revenues, Coastal Impact Assistance Program, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Department of the Interior; National Marine Fisheries Service; NOAA Fisheries; North Pacific Universities Marine Mammal Research Consortium through the North Pacific Marine Science Foundation FX Funding for this study was provided to the Alaska Department of Fish and Game by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries Alaska Region under several grants from 2001-2012 (including NA11NMF4390200, NA08NMF4390544, NA04NMF4390170, NA17FX1079) and by the Outer Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Revenues, Coastal Impact Assistance Program, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Department of the Interior. Funding was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service through several grants to the Alaska SeaLife Center and to the North Pacific Universities Marine Mammal Research Consortium through the North Pacific Marine Science Foundation. Funding was provided to the National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, by NOAA Fisheries. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 21 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 5 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 8 AR e70167 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0070167 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 218XC UT WOS:000324465000037 PM 23940543 ER PT J AU Mahmud, KW Tiesinga, E AF Mahmud, K. W. Tiesinga, E. TI Dynamics of spin-1 bosons in an optical lattice: Spin mixing, quantum-phase-revival spectroscopy, and effective three-body interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; TIME-RESOLVED OBSERVATION; ULTRACOLD ATOMIC GASES; PHYSICS; SUPERFLUID; FIELD AB We study the dynamics of spin-1 atoms in a periodic optical-lattice potential and an external magnetic field in a quantum quench scenario where we start from a superfluid ground state in a shallow lattice potential and suddenly raise the lattice depth. The time evolution of the nonequilibrium state shows collective collapse-and-revival oscillations of matter-wave coherence as well as oscillations in the spin populations. We show that the complex pattern of these two types of oscillations reveals details about the superfluid and magnetic properties of the initial many-body ground state. Furthermore, we show that the strengths of the spin-dependent and spin-independent atom-atom interactions can be deduced from the observations. The Hamiltonian that describes the physics of the final deep lattice not only contains two-body interactions but also effective multibody interactions, which arise due to virtual excitations to higher bands. We derive these effective spin-dependent three-body interaction parameters for spin-1 atoms and describe how spin mixing is affected. Spinor atoms are unique in the sense that multibody interactions are directly evident in the in situ number densities in addition to the momentum distributions. We treat both antiferromagnetic (e.g., Na-23) and ferromagnetic (e.g., Rb-87 and K-41) condensates. C1 [Mahmud, K. W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mahmud, KW (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU US Army Research Office [60661PH]; National Science Foundation Physics Frontier Center located at the Joint Quantum Institute FX K.W.M. would like to thank Richard Scalettar and Hulikal Krishnamurthy for helpful discussions during the early stages of this work. We acknowledge support from the US Army Research Office under Contract No. 60661PH and the National Science Foundation Physics Frontier Center located at the Joint Quantum Institute. NR 76 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG 5 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 2 AR 023602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.88.023602 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 196RX UT WOS:000322794800010 ER PT J AU Borkje, K Nunnenkamp, A Teufel, JD Girvin, SM AF Borkje, K. Nunnenkamp, A. Teufel, J. D. Girvin, S. M. TI Signatures of Nonlinear Cavity Optomechanics in the Weak Coupling Regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM GROUND-STATE; INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; NOISE; LIGHT; AMPLIFICATION; OSCILLATOR AB We identify signatures of the intrinsic nonlinear interaction between light and mechanical motion in cavity optomechanical systems. These signatures are observable even when the cavity linewidth exceeds the optomechanical coupling rate. A strong laser drive red detuned by twice the mechanical frequency from the cavity resonance frequency makes two-phonon processes resonant, which leads to a nonlinear version of optomechanically induced transparency. This effect provides a new method of measuring the average phonon number of the mechanical oscillator. Furthermore, we show that if the strong laser drive is detuned by half the mechanical frequency, optomechanically induced transparency also occurs due to resonant two-photon processes. The cavity response to a second probe drive is in this case nonlinear in the probe power. These effects should be observable with optomechanical coupling strengths that have already been realized in experiments. C1 [Borkje, K.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Nunnenkamp, A.] Univ Basel, Dept Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. [Teufel, J. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Girvin, S. M.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Girvin, S. M.] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Borkje, K (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RI Nunnenkamp, Andreas/A-2491-2010; Teufel, John/A-8898-2010 OI Nunnenkamp, Andreas/0000-0003-2390-7636; Teufel, John/0000-0002-1873-9941 FU Danish Council for Independent Research under the Sapere Aude program; Swiss National Science Foundation through the NCCR Quantum Science and Technology; DARPA QuASAR program; NSF [DMR-1004406] FX We acknowledge financial support from The Danish Council for Independent Research under the Sapere Aude program (K. B.), the Swiss National Science Foundation through the NCCR Quantum Science and Technology (A. N.), the DARPA QuASAR program (J. D. T.), and from the NSF under Grant No. DMR-1004406 (S. M. G.). The numerical calculations were performed with the Quantum Optics Toolbox [46]. NR 39 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 2 PY 2013 VL 111 IS 5 AR 053603 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.053603 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 196MM UT WOS:000322779700010 PM 23952399 ER PT J AU van den Worm, M Sawyer, BC Bollinger, JJ Kastner, M AF van den Worm, Mauritz Sawyer, Brian C. Bollinger, John J. Kastner, Michael TI Relaxation timescales and decay of correlations in a long-range interacting quantum simulator SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED IONS; PHASE-TRANSITION; SYSTEMS; THERMALIZATION; EQUILIBRIUM; DYNAMICS; MODEL AB We study the time evolution of correlation functions in long-range interacting quantum Ising models. For a large class of initial conditions, exact analytic results are obtained in arbitrary lattice dimension, both for ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic coupling, and hence also in the presence of geometric frustration. In contrast to the nearest-neighbour case, we find that correlations decay like stretched or compressed exponentials in time. Provided the long-range character of the interactions is sufficiently strong, pronounced prethermalization plateaus are observed and relaxation timescales are widely separated. Specializing to a triangular lattice in two spatial dimensions, we propose to utilize these results for benchmarking a recently developed ion-trap-based quantum simulator. C1 [van den Worm, Mauritz; Kastner, Michael] Natl Inst Theoret Phys NITheP, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Sawyer, Brian C.; Bollinger, John J.] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kastner, Michael] Univ Stellenbosch, Inst Theoret Phys, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. RP Kastner, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Theoret Phys NITheP, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. EM kastner@sun.ac.za FU DARPA OLE program; National Research Foundation of South Africa FX BCS and JJB acknowledge support from the DARPA OLE program. MK acknowledges support by the Incentive Funding for Rated Researchers programme of the National Research Foundation of South Africa. Papers with contributions from the US National Institute of Standards and Technology are not subject to US copyright. During the preparation of this paper we were informed of related work on spin-spin correlation functions of long-range Ising models [42]. In contrast to our work, which focuses on large time asymptotic behaviour and relaxation to equilibrium, Foss-Feig et al [42] investigate the effect of decoherence on the spin-spin correlation functions. NR 42 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD AUG 2 PY 2013 VL 15 AR 083007 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/15/8/083007 PG 19 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 194HH UT WOS:000322621300003 ER PT J AU Blunden, J Arndt, DS Achberger, C Ackerman, SA Albanil, A Alexander, P Alfaro, EJ Allan, R Alves, LM Amador, JA Ambenje, P Andrianjafinirina, S Antonov, J Aravequia, JA Arendt, A Arevalo, J Ashik, I Atheru, Z Banzon, V Baringer, MO Barreira, S Barriopedro, DE Beard, G Becker, A Behrenfeld, MJ Bell, GD Benedetti, A Bernhard, G Berrisford, P Berry, DI Bhatt, U Bidegain, M Bindoff, N Bissolli, P Blake, ES Booneeady, R Bosilovich, M Box, JE Boyer, T Braathen, GO Bromwich, DH Brown, R Brown, L Bruhwiler, L Bulygina, ON Burgess, D Burrows, J Calderon, B Camargo, SJ Campbell, J Cao, Y Cappelen, J Carrasco, G Chambers, DP Chang'a, L Chappell, P Chehade, W Cheliah, M Christiansen, HH Christy, JR Ciais, P Coelho, CAS Cogley, JG Colwell, S Cross, JN Crouch, J Cunningham, SA Dacic, M De Jeu, RAM Dekaa, FS Demircan, M Derksen, C Diamond, HJ Dlugokencky, EJ Dohan, K Dolman, AJ Domingues, CM Dong, SF Dorigo, WA Drozdov, DS Duguay, CR Dunn, RJH Duran-Quesada, AM Dutton, GS Ehmann, C Elkins, JW Euscategui, C Famiglietti, JS Fang, F Fauchereau, N Feely, RA Fekete, BM Fenimore, C Fioletov, VE Fogarty, CT Fogt, RL Folland, CK Foster, MJ Frajka-Williams, E Franz, BA Frith, SH Frolov, I Ganter, C Garzoli, S Geai, ML Gerland, S Gitau, W Gleason, KL Gobron, N Goldenberg, SB Goni, G Good, SA Gottschalck, J Gregg, MC Griffiths, G Grooss, JU Guard, C Gupta, SK Hall, BD Halpert, MS Harada, Y Hauri, C Heidinger, AK Heikkila, A Heim, RR Heimbach, P Hidalgo, HG Hilburn, K Ho, SP Hobbs, WR Holgate Hovsepyan, A Hu, ZZ Hughes, P Hurst, DF Ingvaldsen, R Inness, A Jaimes, E Jakobsson, M James, AI Jeffries, MO Johns, WE Johnsen, B Johnson, GC Johnson, B Jones, LT Jumaux, G Kabidi, K Kaiser, JW Kamga, A Kang, KK Kanzow, TO Kao, HY Keller, LM Kennedy, JJ Key, J Khatiwala, S Pour, HK Kholodov, AL Khoshkam, M Kijazi, A Kikuchi, T Kim, BM Kim, SJ Kimberlain, TB Knaff, JA Korshunova, NN Koskela, T Kousky, VE Kramarova, N Kratz, DP Krishfield, R Kruger, A Kruk, MC Kumar, A Lagerloef, GSE Lakkala, K Lander, MA Landsea, CW Lankhorst, M Laurila, T Lazzara, MA Lee, C Leuliette, E Levitus, S L'Heureux, M Lieser, J Lin, II Liu, YY Liu, Y Liu, HX Liu, YJ Lobato-Sanchez, R Locarnini, R Loeb, NG Loeng, H Long, CS Lorrey, AM Luhunga, P Lumpkin, R Luo, JJ Lyman, JM Macdonald, AM Maddux, BC Malekela, C Manney, G Marchenko, SS Marengo, JA Marotzke, J Marra, JJ Martinez-Guingla, R Massom, RA Mathis, JT McBride, C McCarthy, G McVicar, TR Mears, C Meier, W Meinen, CS Menendez, M Merrifield, MA Mitchard, E Mitchum, GT Montzka, SA Morcrette, JJ Mote, T Muhle, J Muhr, B Mullan, AB Muller, R Nash, ER Nerem, RS Newlin, ML Newman, PA Ng'ongolo, H Nieto, JJ Nishino, S Nitsche, H Noetzli, J Oberman, NG Obregon, A Ogallo, LA Oludhe, CS Omar, MI Overland, J Oyunjargal, L Parinussa, RM Park, GH Park, EH Parker, D Pasch, RJ Pascual-Ramirez, R Pelto, MS Penalba, O Peng, L Perovich, DK Pezza, AB Phillips, D Pickart, R Pinty, B Pitts, MC Purkey, SG Quegan, S Quintana, J Rabe, B Rahimzadeh, F Raholijao, N Raiva, I Rajeevan, M Ramiandrisoa, V Ramos, A Ranivoarissoa, S Rayner, NA Rayner, D Razuveav, VN Reagan, J Reid, P Renwick, J Revedekar, J Richter-Menge, J Rivera, IL Robinson, DA Rodell, M Romanovsky, VE Ronchail, J Rosenlof, KH Sabine, CL Salvador, MA Sanchez-Lugo, A Santee, ML Sasgen, I Sawaengphokhai, P Sayouri, A Scambos, TA Schauer, U Schemm, J Schlosser, P Schmid, C Schreck, C Semiletov, I Send, U Sensoy, S Setzer, A Severinghaus, J Shakhova, N Sharp, M Shiklomanov, NI Siegel, DA Silva, VBS Silva, FDS Sima, F Simeonov, P Simmonds, I Simmons, A Skansi, M Smeed, DA Smethie, WM Smith, AB Smith, C Smith, SL Smith, TM Sokolov, V Srivastava, AK Stackhouse PW Jr Stammerjohn, S Steele, M Steffen, K Steinbrecht, W Stephenson, T Su, J Svendby, T Sweet, W Takahashi, T Tanabe, RM Taylor, MA Tedesco, M Teng, WL Thepaut, JN Thiaw, WM Thoman, R Thompson, P Thorne, PW Timmermans, ML Tobin, S Toole, J Trewin, BC Trigo, RM Trotman, A Tschudi, M van de Wal, RSW Van der Werf, GR Vautard, R Vazquez, JL Vieira, G Vincent, L Vose, RS Wagner, WW Wahr, J Walsh, J Wang, JH Wang, CZ Wang, M Wang, SH Wang, L Wanninkhof, R Weaver, S Weber, M Werdell, PJ Whitewood, R Wijffels, S Wilber, AC Wild, JD Willett, KM Williams, W Willis, JK Wolken, G Wong, T Woodgate, R Worthy, D Wouters, B Wovrosh, AJ Xue, Y Yamada, R Yin, ZG Yu, LS Zhang, LY Zhang, PQ Zhao, L Zhao, J Zhong, W Ziemke, J Zimmermann, S AF Blunden, Jessica Arndt, Derek S. Achberger, Christine Ackerman, Stephen A. Albanil, Adelina Alexander, P. Alfaro, Eric J. Allan, Rob Alves, Lincoln M. Amador, Jorge A. Ambenje, Peter Andrianjafinirina, Solonomenjanahary Antonov, John Aravequia, Jose A. Arendt, A. Arevalo, Juan Ashik, I. Atheru, Zachary Banzon, Viva Baringer, Molly O. Barreira, Sandra Barriopedro, David E. Beard, Grant Becker, Andreas Behrenfeld, Michael J. Bell, Gerald D. Benedetti, Angela Bernhard, Germar Berrisford, Paul Berry, David I. Bhatt, U. Bidegain, Mario Bindoff, Nathan Bissolli, Peter Blake, Eric S. Booneeady, Raj Bosilovich, Michael Box, J. E. Boyer, Tim Braathen, Geir O. Bromwich, David H. Brown, R. Brown, L. Bruhwiler, Lori Bulygina, Olga N. Burgess, D. Burrows, John Calderon, Blanca Camargo, Suzana J. Campbell, Jayaka Cao, Y. Cappelen, J. Carrasco, Gualberto Chambers, Don P. Chang'a, L. Chappell, Petra Chehade, Wissam Cheliah, Muthuvel Christiansen, Hanne H. Christy, John R. Ciais, Phillipe Coelho, Caio A. S. Cogley, J. G. Colwell, Steve Cross, J. N. Crouch, Jake Cunningham, Stuart A. Dacic, Milan De Jeu, Richard A. M. Dekaa, Francis S. Demircan, Mesut Derksen, C. Diamond, Howard J. Dlugokencky, Ed J. Dohan, Kathleen Dolman, A. Johannes Domingues, Catia M. Dong Shenfu Dorigo, Wouter A. Drozdov, D. S. Duguay, Claude R. Dunn, Robert J. H. Duran-Quesada, Ana M. Dutton, Geoff S. Ehmann, Christian Elkins, James W. Euscategui, Christian Famiglietti, James S. Fang Fan Fauchereau, Nicolas Feely, Richard A. Fekete, Balazs M. Fenimore, Chris Fioletov, Vitali E. Fogarty, Chris T. Fogt, Ryan L. Folland, Chris K. Foster, Michael J. Frajka-Williams, Eleanor Franz, Bryan A. Frith, Stacey H. Frolov, I. Ganter, Catherine Garzoli, Silvia Geai, M.-L. Gerland, S. Gitau, Wilson Gleason, Karin L. Gobron, Nadine Goldenberg, Stanley B. Goni, Gustavo Good, Simon A. Gottschalck, Jonathan Gregg, Margarita C. Griffiths, Georgina Grooss, Jens-Uwe Guard, Charles 'Chip' Gupta, Shashi K. Hall, Bradley D. Halpert, Michael S. Harada, Yayoi Hauri, C. Heidinger, Andrew K. Heikkila, Anu Heim, Richard R., Jr. Heimbach, Patrick Hidalgo, Hugo G. Hilburn, Kyle Ho, Shu-peng (Ben) Hobbs, Will R. Holgate, Simon Hovsepyan, Anahit Hu Zeng-Zhen Hughes, P. Hurst, Dale F. Ingvaldsen, R. Inness, Antje Jaimes, Ena Jakobsson, Martin James, Adamu I. Jeffries, Martin O. Johns, William E. Johnsen, Bjorn Johnson, Gregory C. Johnson, Bryan Jones, Luke T. Jumaux, Guillaume Kabidi, Khadija Kaiser, Johannes W. Kamga, Andre Kang, Kyun-Kuk Kanzow, Torsten O. Kao, Hsun-Ying Keller, Linda M. Kennedy, John J. Key, J. Khatiwala, Samar Pour, H. Kheyrollah Kholodov, A. L. Khoshkam, Mahbobeh Kijazi, Agnes Kikuchi, T. Kim, B.-M. Kim, S.-J. Kimberlain, Todd B. Knaff, John A. Korshunova, Natalia N. Koskela, T. Kousky, Vernon E. Kramarova, Natalya Kratz, David P. Krishfield, R. Kruger, Andries Kruk, Michael C. Kumar, Arun Lagerloef, Gary S. E. Lakkala, K. Lander, Mark A. Landsea, Chris W. Lankhorst, Matthias Laurila, T. Lazzara, Matthew A. Lee, Craig Leuliette, Eric Levitus, Sydney L'Heureux, Michelle Lieser, Jan Lin, I-I Liu, Y. Y. Liu, Y. Liu Hongxing Liu Yanju Lobato-Sanchez, Rene Locarnini, Ricardo Loeb, Norman G. Loeng, H. Long, Craig S. Lorrey, Andrew M. Luhunga, P. Lumpkin, Rick Luo Jing-Jia Lyman, John M. Macdonald, Alison M. Maddux, Brent C. Malekela, C. Manney, Gloria Marchenko, S. S. Marengo, Jose A. Marotzke, Jochem Marra, John J. Martinez-Gueingla, Rodney Massom, Robert A. Mathis, Jeremy T. McBride, Charlotte McCarthy, Gerard McVicar, Tim R. Mears, Carl Meier, W. Meinen, Christopher S. Menendez, Melisa Merrifield, Mark A. Mitchard, Edward Mitchum, Gary T. Montzka, Stephen A. Morcrette, Jean-Jacques Mote, Thomas Muehle, Jens Muehr, Bernhard Mullan, A. Brett Mueller, Rolf Nash, Eric R. Nerem, R. Steven Newlin, Michele L. Newman, Paul A. Ng'ongolo, H. Nieto, Juan Jose Nishino, S. Nitsche, Helga Noetzli, Jeannette Oberman, N. G. Obregon, Andre' Ogallo, Laban A. Oludhe, Christopher S. Omar, Mohamed I Overland, James Oyunjargal, Lamjav Parinussa, Robert M. Park, Geun-Ha Park, E-Hyung Parker, David Pasch, Richard J. Pascual-Ramirez, Reynaldo Pelto, Mauri S. Penalba, Olga Peng, L. Perovich, Don K. Pezza, Alexandre B. Phillips, David Pickart, R. Pinty, Bernard Pitts, Michael C. Purkey, Sarah G. Quegan, Shaun Quintana, Juan Rabe, B. Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh Raholijao, Nirivololona Raiva, I. Rajeevan, Madhavan Ramiandrisoa, Voahanginirina Ramos, Alexandre Ranivoarissoa, Sahondra Rayner, Nick A. Rayner, Darren Razuveav, Vyacheslav N. Reagan, James Reid, Phillip Renwick, James Revedekar, Jayashree Richter-Menge, Jacqueline Rivera, Ingrid L. Robinson, David A. Rodell, Matthew Romanovsky, Vladimir E. Ronchail, Josyane Rosenlof, Karen H. Sabine, Christopher L. Salvador, Mozar A. Sanchez-Lugo, Ahira Santee, Michelle L. Sasgen, I. Sawaengphokhai, P. Sayouri, Amal Scambos, Ted A. Schauer, U. Schemm, Jae Schlosser, P. Schmid, Claudia Schreck, Carl Semiletov, Igor Send, Uwe Sensoy, Serhat Setzer, Alberto Severinghaus, Jeffrey Shakhova, Natalia Sharp, M. Shiklomanov, Nicolai I. Siegel, David A. Silva, Viviane B. S. Silva, Frabricio D. S. Sima, Fatou Simeonov, Petio Simmonds, I. Simmons, Adrian Skansi, Maria Smeed, David A. Smethie, W. M. Smith, Adam B. Smith, Cathy Smith, Sharon L. Smith, Thomas M. Sokolov, V. Srivastava, A. K. Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr. Stammerjohn, Sharon Steele, M. Steffen, Konrad Steinbrecht, Wolfgang Stephenson, Tannecia Su, J. Svendby, T. Sweet, William Takahashi, Taro Tanabe, Raymond M. Taylor, Michael A. Tedesco, Marco Teng, William L. Thepaut, Jean-Noel Thiaw, Wassila M. Thoman, R. Thompson, Philip Thorne, Peter W. Timmermans, M.-L. Tobin, Skie Toole, J. Trewin, Blair C. Trigo, Ricardo M. Trotman, Adrian Tschudi, M. van de Wal, Roderik S. W. Van der Werf, Guido R. Vautard, Robert Vazquez, J. L. Vieira, Goncalo Vincent, Lucie Vose, Russ S. Wagner, Wolfgang W. Wahr, John Walsh, J. Wang Junhong Wang Chunzai Wang, M. Wang Sheng-Hung Wang Lei Wanninkhof, Rik Weaver, Scott Weber, Mark Werdell, P. Jeremy Whitewood, Robert Wijffels, Susan Wilber, Anne C. Wild, J. D. Willett, Kate M. Williams, W. Willis, Joshua K. Wolken, G. Wong, Takmeng Woodgate, R. Worthy, D. Wouters, B. Wovrosh, Alex J. Xue Yan Yamada, Ryuji Yin Zungang Yu Lisan Zhang Liangying Zhang Peiqun Zhao Lin Zhao, J. Zhong, W. Ziemke, Jerry Zimmermann, S. TI State of the Climate in 2012 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR; COUPLED KELVIN WAVES; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; OCEAN THERMAL STRUCTURE; GLOBAL WATER CYCLE AB For the first time in serveral years, the El Nino-Southern Oscillation did not dominate regional climate conditions around the globe. A weak La Ni a dissipated to ENSOneutral conditions by spring, and while El Nino appeared to be emerging during summer, this phase never fully developed as sea surface temperatures in the eastern conditions. Nevertheless, other large-scale climate patterns and extreme weather events impacted various regions during the year. A negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation from mid-January to early February contributed to frigid conditions in parts of northern Africa, eastern Europe, and western Asia. A lack of rain during the 2012 wet season led to the worst drought in at least the past three decades for northeastern Brazil. Central North America also experienced one of its most severe droughts on record. The Caribbean observed a very wet dry season and it was the Sahel's wettest rainy season in 50 years. Overall, the 2012 average temperature across global land and ocean surfaces ranked among the 10 warmest years on record. The global land surface temperature alone was also among the 10 warmest on record. In the upper atmosphere, the average stratospheric temperature was record or near-record cold, depending on the dataset. After a 30-year warming trend from 1970 to 1999 for global sea surface temperatures, the period 2000-12 had little further trend. This may be linked to the prevalence of La Ni a-like conditions during the 21st century. Heat content in the upper 700 m of the ocean remained near record high levels in 2012. Net increases from 2011 to 2012 were observed at 700-m to 2000-m depth and even in the abyssal ocean below. Following sharp decreases in to the effects of La Ni a, sea levels rebounded to reach records highs in 2012. The increased hydrological cycle seen in recent years continued, with more evaporation in drier locations and more precipitation in rainy areas. In a pattern that has held since 2004, salty areas of the ocean surfaces and subsurfaces were anomalously salty on average, while fresher areas were anomalously fresh. Global tropical cyclone activity during 2012 was near average, with a total of 84 storms compared with the 1981-2010 average of 89. Similar to 2010 and 2011, the North Atlantic was the only hurricane basin that experienced above-normal activity. In this basin, Sandy brought devastation to Cuba and parts of the eastern North American seaboard. All other basins experienced either near-or below-normal tropical cyclone activity. Only three tropical cyclones reached Category 5 intensity-all in Bopha became the only storm in the historical record to produce winds greater than 130 kt south of 7 N. It was also the costliest storm to affect the Philippines and killed more than 1000 residents. Minimum Arctic sea ice extent in September and Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent in June both reached new record lows. June snow cover extent is now declining at a faster rate (-17.6% per decade) than September sea ice extent (-13.0% per decade). Permafrost temperatures reached record high values in northernmost Alaska. A new melt extent record occurred on 11-12 July on the Greenland ice sheet; 97% of the ice sheet showed some form of melt, four times greater than the average melt for this time of year. The climate in Antarctica was relatively stable overall. The largest maximum sea ice extent since records begain in 1978 was observed in September 2012. In the stratosphere, warm air led to the second smallest ozone hole in the past two decades. Even so, the springtime ozone layer above Antarctica likely will not return to its early 1980s state until about 2060. Following a slight decline associated with the global 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production reached a record 9.5 +/- 0.5 Pg C in 2011 and a new record of 9.7 +/- 0.5 Pg C is estimated for 2012. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations increased by 2.1 ppm in 2012, to 392.6 ppm. In spring 2012, 2 concentration exceeded 400 ppm at 7 of the 13 Arctic observation sites. Globally, other greenhouse gases including methane and nitrous oxide also continued to rise in concentration and the combined effect now represents a 32% increase in radiative forcing over a 1990 baseline. Concentrations of most ozone depleting substances continued to fall. C1 [Achberger, Christine] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Earth Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Ackerman, Stephen A.; Foster, Michael J.; Heidinger, Andrew K.; Liu, Y.; Pascual-Ramirez, Reynaldo] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Albanil, Adelina; Lobato-Sanchez, Rene; Vazquez, J. L.] Natl Meteorol Serv Mexico, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Alexander, P.; Tedesco, Marco] CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY USA. [Alfaro, Eric J.; Amador, Jorge A.; Calderon, Blanca; Duran-Quesada, Ana M.; Hidalgo, Hugo G.; Rivera, Ingrid L.] Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Geophys Res, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Alfaro, Eric J.; Amador, Jorge A.; Duran-Quesada, Ana M.; Hidalgo, Hugo G.; Parker, David] Univ Costa Rica, Sch Phys, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Allan, Rob; Dunn, Robert J. H.; Folland, Chris K.; Good, Simon A.; Kennedy, John J.; Rayner, Nick A.; Willett, Kate M.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Alves, Lincoln M.] INPE, CCST, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Ambenje, Peter] KMD, Nairobi, Kenya. [Andrianjafinirina, Solonomenjanahary; Newlin, Michele L.; Raholijao, Nirivololona; Ramiandrisoa, Voahanginirina; Ranivoarissoa, Sahondra] Direct Meteorol Natl Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar. [Antonov, John; Boyer, Tim; Gregg, Margarita C.; Levitus, Sydney; Locarnini, Ricardo] NOAA NESDIS Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Antonov, John] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Aravequia, Jose A.; Marchenko, S. S.] INPE, Ctr Previsao Tempo & Estudos Climat, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Arendt, A.; Bhatt, U.; Jeffries, Martin O.; Kholodov, A. L.; Romanovsky, Vladimir E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Arevalo, Juan] Inst Nacl Meteorol & Hidrol Venezuela INAMEH, Caracas, Venezuela. [Arndt, Derek S.; Banzon, Viva; Crouch, Jake; Fenimore, Chris; Gleason, Karin L.; Heim, Richard R., Jr.; Hughes, P.; Reagan, James; Sanchez-Lugo, Ahira; Smith, Adam B.; Vose, Russ S.] NOAA NESDIS Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Ashik, I.; Frolov, I.; Sokolov, V.] Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. [Atheru, Zachary; Meinen, Christopher S.; Park, Geun-Ha] IGAD Climate Predict & Applicat Ctr ICPAC, Nairobi, Kenya. [Baringer, Molly O.; Dong Shenfu; Garzoli, Silvia; Goldenberg, Stanley B.; Goni, Gustavo; Lumpkin, Rick; Schmid, Claudia; Wang Chunzai; Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA OAR Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA. [Barreira, Sandra] Argentine Naval Hydrog Serv, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Barriopedro, David E.] UCM, Madrid, Spain. [Beard, Grant; Ganter, Catherine; Obregon, Andre'] Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Becker, Andreas] Deutsch Wetterdienst DWD, Offenbach, Germany. [Behrenfeld, Michael J.] Oregon State Univ, Portland, OR USA. [Bell, Gerald D.; Gottschalck, Jonathan; Halpert, Michael S.; Hu Zeng-Zhen; Kousky, Vernon E.; Kumar, Arun; L'Heureux, Michelle; Morcrette, Jean-Jacques; Schemm, Jae; Thiaw, Wassila M.; Weaver, Scott; Wild, J. D.; Xue Yan] NOAA NWS Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Benedetti, Angela; Inness, Antje; Jones, Luke T.; Kaiser, Johannes W.; Simmons, Adrian; Thepaut, Jean-Noel] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England. [Bernhard, Germar] Biospher Instruments, San Diego, CA USA. [Berrisford, Paul; McCarthy, Gerard] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, NCAS Climate, Reading, Berks, England. [Berry, David I.; Rayner, Darren; Smeed, David A.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. [Bidegain, Mario] Direcc Nacl Meteorol, Div Climatol, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Bindoff, Nathan] Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Bindoff, Nathan; Wijffels, Susan] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Labs, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Bissolli, Peter; Pasch, Richard J.] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany. [Blake, Eric S.; Kimberlain, Todd B.; Landsea, Chris W.] NOAA NWS Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Blunden, Jessica; Kruk, Michael C.; Yin Zungang] NOAA NESDIS Natl Climat Data Ctr, ERT Inc, Asheville, NC USA. [Booneeady, Raj] Mauritius Meteorol Serv, Vacoas, Mauritius. [Bosilovich, Michael; Cheliah, Muthuvel] NASA GSFC, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Box, J. E.] Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Box, J. E.; Bromwich, David H.; Wang Sheng-Hung] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH USA. [Braathen, Geir O.] WMO Atmospher Environm Res Div, Geneva, Switzerland. [Brown, R.] Environm Canada, Climate Res Div, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Brown, L.; Montzka, Stephen A.] Environm Canada, Climate Res Div, Downsview, ON, Canada. [Bruhwiler, Lori; Dlugokencky, Ed J.; Elkins, James W.; Hall, Bradley D.; Rosenlof, Karen H.] NOAA OAR Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Bulygina, Olga N.; Razuveav, Vyacheslav N.] Russian Inst Hydrometeorol Informat, Obninsk, Russia. [Burgess, D.; Smith, Sharon L.] Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Burrows, John; Takahashi, Taro] Univ Bremen, Bremen, Germany. [Camargo, Suzana J.; Khatiwala, Samar; Schlosser, P.; Smethie, W. M.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Campbell, Jayaka; Stephenson, Tannecia; Taylor, Michael A.] Univ West Indies, Dept Phys, Kingston, Jamaica. [Cao, Y.; Su, J.; Zhao, J.; Zhong, W.] Ocean Univ China, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Cappelen, J.] Danish Meteorol Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Carrasco, Gualberto] Serv Nacl Meteorol & Hidrol Bolivia SENAMHI, La Paz, Bolivia. [Chambers, Don P.; Malekela, C.; Ng'ongolo, H.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Chang'a, L.; Kijazi, Agnes; Luhunga, P.] Tanzania Meteorol Agcy, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Chappell, Petra; Griffiths, Georgina; Lorrey, Andrew M.; Weber, Mark] Natl Inst Water & Atmosphere Res Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand. [Chehade, Wissam] Univ Bremen FBI, Bremen, Germany. [Christiansen, Hanne H.] Univ Ctr Svalbard, Dept Geol, UNIS, Svalbard, Norway. [Christiansen, Hanne H.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway. [Christy, John R.; Vautard, Robert] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL USA. [Ciais, Phillipe] CEA CNR UVSQ, LSCE, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Coelho, Caio A. S.] CPTEC INPE Ctr Weather Forecasts & Climate Studies, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil. [Cogley, J. G.] Trent Univ, Dept Geog, Peterborough, ON, Canada. [Colwell, Steve] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, England. [Cross, J. N.; Hauri, C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Cunningham, Stuart A.] Scottish Marine Inst Oban, Argyll, Scotland. [Dacic, Milan; Parinussa, Robert M.] Republ Hydrometeorol Serv Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. [De Jeu, Richard A. M.; Dolman, A. Johannes; Van der Werf, Guido R.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Dekaa, Francis S.; James, Adamu I.; Sensoy, Serhat] Nigerian Meteorol Agency, Abuja, Nigeria. [Demircan, Mesut] Turkish State Meteorol Serv, Ankara, Turkey. [Derksen, C.; Worthy, D.] Environm Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Diamond, Howard J.] NOAA NESDIS Natl Climat Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Dohan, Kathleen; Lagerloef, Gary S. E.] Earth & Space Res, Seattle, WA USA. [Domingues, Catia M.] Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Dong Shenfu; Garzoli, Silvia] Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA. [Dorigo, Wouter A.; Wagner, Wolfgang W.] Vienna Univ Technol, Dept Geodesy & Geoinformat, Vienna, Austria. [Drozdov, D. S.] Earth Cryosphere Inst, Tumen, Russia. [Duguay, Claude R.; Kang, Kyun-Kuk; Pour, H. Kheyrollah] Univ Waterloo, Interdisciplinary Ctr Climate Change, Waterloo, ON, Canada. [Duguay, Claude R.; Kang, Kyun-Kuk; Pour, H. Kheyrollah] Univ Waterloo, Dept Geog & Environm Management, Waterloo, ON, Canada. [Dutton, Geoff S.; Hurst, Dale F.; Wahr, John] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Ehmann, Christian] KIT, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Euscategui, Christian] Inst Hidrol Meteorol & Estudios Ambientales, Bogota, Colombia. [Famiglietti, James S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Fang Fan] NASA, Goddard Earth Sci Data & Informat Serv Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Fauchereau, Nicolas] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand. [Fauchereau, Nicolas; Overland, James] Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, Rondebosch, South Africa. [Feely, Richard A.; Johnson, Gregory C.; Purkey, Sarah G.; Sabine, Christopher L.] NOAA OAR Pacific Marine Environ Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Fekete, Balazs M.] CUNY City Coll, CUNY Environm CrossRd Initiat, New York, NY USA. [Fioletov, Vitali E.] Environm Canada, Measurements & Anal Res Sect, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Fogarty, Chris T.] Environm Canada, Canadian Hurricane Ctr, Dartmouth, NS, Canada. [Fogt, Ryan L.; Wovrosh, Alex J.] Ohio Univ, Dept Geog, Athens, OH USA. [Frajka-Williams, Eleanor] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. [Franz, Bryan A.; Frith, Stacey H.; Werdell, P. Jeremy; Ziemke, Jerry] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Geai, M.-L.; Sharp, M.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Gerland, S.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, Tromso, Norway. [Gitau, Wilson; Oludhe, Christopher S.; Pinty, Bernard] Univ Nairobi, Dept Meteorol, Nairobi, Kenya. [Gobron, Nadine] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. Fram Ctr, Norwegian Polar Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Gupta, Shashi K.; Sawaengphokhai, P.; Wilber, Anne C.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Harada, Yayoi] Japan Meteorol Agency, Climate Predict Div, Tokyo, Japan. [Heikkila, Anu; Koskela, T.; Laurila, T.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki, Finland. [Heimbach, Patrick; Mears, Carl] MIT, Boston, MA USA. [Hilburn, Kyle] Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 USA. [Ho, Shu-peng (Ben); Muehle, Jens; Peng, L.] UCAR COSMIC, Boulder, CO USA. [Hobbs, Will R.; Lankhorst, Matthias; Send, Uwe; Severinghaus, Jeffrey] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hovsepyan, Anahit] Climate Res Div, Armstatehydromet, Armenia. [Ingvaldsen, R.; Loeng, H.] Inst Marine Res, Bergen, Norway. [Jakobsson, Martin] Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Stockholm, Sweden. [Johns, William E.] Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA. [Johnsen, Bjorn] Norwegian Radiat Protect Author, Osteras, Norway. [Johnson, Bryan] NOAA OAR Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Johnson, Bryan; Tschudi, M.; Wahr, John] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jumaux, Guillaume] Meteo France, St Denis, Reunion. [Kabidi, Khadija; Sayouri, Amal] Direct Meteorol Natl Maroc, Rabat, Morocco. [Kaiser, Johannes W.] Kings Coll London, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Kaiser, Johannes W.] Max Planck Inst, Mainz, Germany. [Kamga, Andre; Raiva, I.] African Ctr Meteorol Applicat Dev, Niamey, Niger. [Kanzow, Torsten O.] Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. [Kao, Hsun-Ying] Earth & Space Res, Seattle, WA USA. [Keller, Linda M.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Key, J.; Smith, Thomas M.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Khoshkam, Mahbobeh; Nishino, S.] IRIMO, Tehran, Iran. [Kikuchi, T.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Tokyo, Japan. [Kim, B.-M.; Kim, S.-J.] Korea Polar Res Inst, Inchon, South Korea. [Knaff, John A.] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Korshunova, Natalia N.; Nash, Eric R.] World Data Ctr, All Russian Res Inst Hydrometeorol Informat, Obninsk, Russia. [Kramarova, Natalya] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Kratz, David P.; Loeb, Norman G.; Pitts, Michael C.; Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr.; Wong, Takmeng] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Krishfield, R.; Macdonald, Alison M.; McBride, Charlotte; Pickart, R.; Toole, J.; Yu Lisan] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Kruger, Andries] South African Weather Serv, Pretoria, South Africa. [Lakkala, K.] Arctic Res Ctr, Finnish Meteorol Inst, Sodankyla, Finland. [Lander, Mark A.] Univ Guam, Mangilao, GU USA. Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki, Finland. [Lazzara, Matthew A.] Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Lee, Craig; Woodgate, R.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Leuliette, Eric; Massom, Robert A.] NOAA, NESDIS Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Lieser, Jan] Univ Tasmania, ACE CRC, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Lin, I-I] Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, Taiwan. [Liu, Y. Y.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Liu Hongxing] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Liu Yanju] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Long, Craig S.] NOAA, NWS Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. [Luo Jing-Jia; Mathis, Jeremy T.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Lyman, John M.; Merrifield, Mark A.] NOAA, OAR Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Lyman, John M.; Maddux, Brent C.; Thompson, Philip] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI USA. [Maddux, Brent C.] Univ Wisconsin, AOS CIMSS, Madison, WI USA. [Manney, Gloria] KNMI Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Manney, Gloria] NW Res Associates Inc, Socorro, NM USA. [Marengo, Jose A.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM USA. [Marotzke, Jochem] CCST, INPE, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Marra, John J.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Martinez-Gueingla, Rodney; Nieto, Juan Jose] NOAA, NESDIS Natl Climat Data Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. CIIFEN, Guayaquil, Ecuador. [McVicar, Tim R.] Univ Tasmania, Australian Antarctic Div, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Meier, W.] CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Menendez, Melisa] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Mitchard, Edward] Univ Cantabria, Environm Hydraul Inst, Santander, Spain. [Mitchum, Gary T.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Mote, Thomas] NOAA, OAR Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Muehr, Bernhard] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA USA. [Mullan, A. Brett] Lacunosa Weather Serv, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Mueller, Rolf] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand. [Grooss, Jens-Uwe; Nerem, R. Steven] Forschungszentrum Julich, Julich, Germany. [Newman, Paul A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Nitsche, Helga] NASA, Atmospheres Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Noetzli, Jeannette] Deutscher Wetterdienst DWD, Climate Monitoring Satellite Applicat Facil, Offenbach, Germany. [Oberman, N. G.] Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, Zurich, Switzerland. [Obregon, Andre'] MIREKO, Syktyvkar, Russia. [Ogallo, Laban A.] WMO RA VI Reg Climate Ctr Climate Monitoring, Offenbach, Germany. IGAD Climate Predict & Applicat Ctr ICPAC, Nairobi, Kenya. [Omar, Mohamed I] Egyptian Meteorol Author, Cairo, Egypt. [Oyunjargal, Lamjav] Natl Agcy Meteorol Hydrol & Environm Monitoring, Inst Meteorol & Hydrol, Ulaanbaatar, Mongol Peo Rep. [Park, E-Hyung] Korea Meteorol Adm, Seoul, South Korea. [Pelto, Mauri S.] Nichols Coll, Dudley, MA USA. [Penalba, Olga] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ciencias Atmosfera & Oceanos, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Perovich, Don K.; Richter-Menge, Jacqueline] USACE, ERDC, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. [Perovich, Don K.] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH USA. [Pezza, Alexandre B.] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Phillips, David; Vincent, Lucie] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Purkey, Sarah G.; Whitewood, Robert] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA USA. [Quegan, Shaun] Univ Sheffield, Ctr Terr Climate Dynam, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. [Quintana, Juan] Direcc Meteorol Chile, Santiago, Chile. [Rabe, B.; Schauer, U.] Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh] ASMERC, Tehran, Iran. [Rajeevan, Madhavan] Natl Atmospher Res Lab, Gadanki, India. [Ramos, Alexandre; Trigo, Ricardo M.] Univ Lisboa Campo Grande, Inst Dom Luiz, Lisbon, Portugal. [Reid, Phillip] Australian Bur Meteorol, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Reid, Phillip] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Renwick, James] Victoria Univ Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand. [Revedekar, Jayashree] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Robinson, David A.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Rodell, Matthew] NASA, Hydrol Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Ronchail, Josyane] Univ Paris, Paris, France. [Salvador, Mozar A.; Silva, Frabricio D. S.] INMET, Inst Nacl Meteorol, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Santee, Michelle L.] NASA, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Sasgen, I.] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Potsdam, Germany. [Scambos, Ted A.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Schreck, Carl; Thorne, Peter W.] NC State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. [Semiletov, Igor; Shakhova, Natalia; Walsh, J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Setzer, Alberto] Natl Inst Space Res, Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. [Shiklomanov, Nicolai I.] George Washington Univ, Dept Geog, Washington, DC USA. [Siegel, David A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Silva, Viviane B. S.] NOAA, NWS Off Climate Water & Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Sima, Fatou] Dept Water Resources, Div Meteorol, Banjul, Gambia. [Simeonov, Petio] BAS, Natl Inst Meteorol & Hydrol, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Simmonds, I.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Skansi, Maria] Serv Meteorol Nacl, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Smith, Cathy] NOAA, OAR, Earth Syst Res Lab, Phys Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Smith, Cathy] Climate Diagnost Ctr, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Smith, Thomas M.] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD USA. [Srivastava, A. K.] Indian Meteorol Dept, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Stammerjohn, Sharon] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Steele, M.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Steffen, Konrad] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Steinbrecht, Wolfgang] DWD German Weather Serv, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. [Svendby, T.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Sweet, William] NOAA, NOS, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Honolulu, HI USA. [Tanabe, Raymond M.] NOAA, NWS, Cent Pacific Hurricane Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Teng, William L.] NASA, Goddard Earth Sci Data & Informat Serv Ctr ADNET, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Thoman, R.] NOAA, NWS Weather Forecast Off, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Timmermans, M.-L.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. [Tobin, Skie; Trewin, Blair C.] Australian Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Trotman, Adrian] Caribbean Inst Meteorol & Hydrol, Bridgetown, Barbados. [van de Wal, Roderik S. W.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Vieira, Goncalo] Univ Lisbon, Dept Geog, Lisbon, Portugal. [Wouters, B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO USA. [Wang Junhong; Zhang Liangying] NCAR, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Wang Junhong] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY USA. [Wang, M.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA USA. [Wang Lei] LA State Univ, Dept Geog & Anthropol, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Williams, W.; Zimmermann, S.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC, Canada. [Willis, Joshua K.] CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Wolken, G.] Alaska Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Wouters, B.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. [Yamada, Ryuji] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo Climate Ctr, Climate Predict Div, Tokyo, Japan. [Zhang Peiqun] Beijing Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhao Lin] Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. RP Achberger, C (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Dept Earth Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden. RI wilber, anne/F-6270-2011; Bindoff, Nathaniel/C-8050-2011; Bulygina, Olga/H-1251-2016; Arndt, Derek/J-3022-2013; Box, Jason/H-5770-2013; Dunn, Robert/O-5910-2016; Schreck, Carl/B-8711-2011; Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012; Goldenberg, Stanley/C-5965-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Burrows, John/B-6199-2014; McVicar, Tim/D-8614-2011; Heikkila, Anu/F-1261-2017; Schmid, Claudia/D-5875-2013; Barriopedro, David/C-1421-2008; Coelho, Caio/G-4275-2012; Dong, Shenfu/I-4435-2013; Ackerman, Steven/G-1640-2011; Rodell, Matthew/E-4946-2012; Lin, I-I/J-4695-2013; Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014; Vieira, Goncalo/G-5958-2010; Bromwich, David/C-9225-2016; Hurst, Dale/D-1554-2016; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Banzon, Viva/D-5499-2014; Timmermans, Mary-Louise/N-5983-2014; Kramarova, Natalya/D-2270-2014; Domingues, Catia /A-2901-2015; Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010; Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010; Kim, Baek-Min/A-4634-2015; Ramos, Alexandre/A-1998-2009; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Berry, David/C-1268-2011; Franz, Bryan/D-6284-2012; Tedesco, Marco/F-7986-2015; Garzoli, Silvia/A-3556-2010; Kaiser, Johannes/A-7057-2012; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012; Luo, Jing-Jia/B-2481-2008; Steffen, Konrad/C-6027-2013; Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Wang, Muyin/K-4006-2014; Menendez, Melisa/L-4600-2014; Heimbach, Patrick/K-3530-2013; Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/G-6113-2010; Schlosser, Peter/C-6416-2012; Frajka-Williams, Eleanor/H-2415-2011; Blunden, Jessica/G-1309-2012; Leuliette, Eric/D-1527-2010; GrooSS, Jens-Uwe/A-7315-2013; Hobbs, Will/G-5116-2014; Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009; Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011; Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012; Camargo, Suzana/C-6106-2009; Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; van de wal, roderik/D-1705-2011; Trigo, Ricardo/B-7044-2008; Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012; Purkey, Sarah/K-1983-2012; Muller, Rolf/A-6669-2013 OI Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400; Renwick, James/0000-0002-9141-2486; Wagner, Wolfgang/0000-0001-7704-6857; Meier, Walter/0000-0003-2857-0550; Dolman, A.J./0000-0003-0099-0457; RAJEEVAN, Madhavan/0000-0002-3000-2459; Dorigo, Wouter/0000-0001-8054-7572; Alfaro, Eric/0000-0001-9278-5017; Fioletov, Vitali/0000-0002-2731-5956; Simmonds, Ian/0000-0002-4479-3255; Chambers, Don/0000-0002-5439-0257; Mitchard, Edward/0000-0002-5690-4055; Cross, Jessica/0000-0002-6650-9905; Smeed, David/0000-0003-1740-1778; Hidalgo, Hugo/0000-0003-4638-0742; Wouters, Bert/0000-0002-1086-2435; Bindoff, Nathaniel/0000-0001-5662-9519; Dunn, Robert/0000-0003-2469-5989; Schreck, Carl/0000-0001-9331-5754; Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170; Goldenberg, Stanley/0000-0001-6730-5819; Burrows, John/0000-0002-6821-5580; Heikkila, Anu/0000-0002-1050-5673; Schmid, Claudia/0000-0003-2132-4736; Barriopedro, David/0000-0001-6476-944X; Dong, Shenfu/0000-0001-8247-8072; Ackerman, Steven/0000-0002-4476-0269; Rodell, Matthew/0000-0003-0106-7437; Lin, I-I/0000-0002-8364-8106; Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798; Vieira, Goncalo/0000-0001-7611-3464; Hurst, Dale/0000-0002-6315-2322; Kramarova, Natalya/0000-0002-6083-8548; Domingues, Catia /0000-0001-5100-4595; Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050; Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X; Ramos, Alexandre/0000-0003-3129-7233; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Franz, Bryan/0000-0003-0293-2082; Garzoli, Silvia/0000-0003-3553-2253; Kaiser, Johannes/0000-0003-3696-9123; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194; Luo, Jing-Jia/0000-0003-2181-0638; Steffen, Konrad/0000-0001-8658-1026; Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; Heimbach, Patrick/0000-0003-3925-6161; Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/0000-0003-0680-6729; Schlosser, Peter/0000-0002-6514-4203; Frajka-Williams, Eleanor/0000-0001-8773-7838; Leuliette, Eric/0000-0002-3425-4039; GrooSS, Jens-Uwe/0000-0002-9485-866X; Hobbs, Will/0000-0002-2061-0899; Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704; Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400; Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002; Camargo, Suzana/0000-0002-0802-5160; Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; Trigo, Ricardo/0000-0002-4183-9852; Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020; Muller, Rolf/0000-0002-5024-9977 NR 661 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 16 U2 207 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 94 IS 8 BP S1 EP S258 DI 10.1175/2013BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 PG 258 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 304EZ UT WOS:000330731200001 ER PT J AU Stephenson, SP Sheridan, NE Geiger, SP Arnold, WS AF Stephenson, Sarah P. Sheridan, Nancy E. Geiger, Stephen P. Arnold, William S. TI ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF LARGE MARINE GASTROPODS IN NEARSHORE SEAGRASS BEDS ALONG THE GULF COAST OF FLORIDA SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE gastropod; Fasciolaria; Busycon; Triplofusus; commercial landings ID EPIBENTHIC GASTROPODS; PREDATORY GASTROPOD; BUSYCONINE WHELKS; COMMUNITY AB Local abundance was estimated and distribution determined for selected large gastropod species based on observations made during underwater visual surveys at 10 sites along the Gulf coast of Florida each summer from 2009 through 2012. The total number of tulip snails (Fasciolaria spp., including the true tulip, Fasciolaria tulipa, and banded tulip, Fasciolaria lilium), lightning whelk (Busycon sinistrum), and horse conch (Triplofusus giganteus) were counted at 190 stations (each 600 m(2)) each year in shallow-water seagrass beds. Tulip snails were observed most frequently, with a mean density of 1.93 +/- 3.56 snails/600 m(2), with substantially fewer lightning whelks (0.29 +/- 1.04/600 m(2)) and horse conchs (0.10 +/- 0.37/600 m(2)) observed. Horse conchs were distributed more evenly across the 4 Gulf coast regions studied: Panhandle, Big Bend, Nature Coast, and South. Tulip snails were most abundant in the Panhandle and the South, whereas lightning whelks were found predominantly in the South. Snail counts peaked in 2010 and were greatest at the Pine Island Sound site, although mean density was greatest in Sarasota Bay (2.2 snails/600 m(2)). Snails were observed most frequently at the St. Joseph Bay site, where they were present at 74 of the 80 stations surveyed. Statewide commercial fisheries landings data were examined for years 1994 through 2011 and totaled 130,710 true tulip snails (banded tulip snails were not included), 72,230 lightning whelks, and 33,087 horse conchs. The total number landed of both lightning whelks and horse conchs was greater on the west coast of Florida, whereas the total number of true tulip snails landed was greater on the east coast. C1 [Stephenson, Sarah P.; Sheridan, Nancy E.; Geiger, Stephen P.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Arnold, William S.] NOAA, Southeast Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Stephenson, SP (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, 100 Eighth Ave SE, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM Sarah.Stephenson@MyFWC.com NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 20 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 32 IS 2 BP 305 EP 313 DI 10.2983/035.032.0209 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AB0XS UT WOS:000331516100009 ER PT J AU Ikeda, K Steiner, M Pinto, J Alexander, C AF Ikeda, Kyoko Steiner, Matthias Pinto, James Alexander, Curtis TI Evaluation of Cold-Season Precipitation Forecasts Generated by the Hourly Updating High-Resolution Rapid Refresh Model SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; FREEZING RAIN; ICE PELLETS; HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; NONDIMENSIONAL PARAMETER; POLARIZATION EXPERIMENT; WEATHER PREDICTION; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; WINTER STORMS; PART II AB The hourly updating High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model is evaluated with regard to its ability to predict the areal extent of cold-season precipitation and accurately depict the timing and location of regions of snow, rain, and mixed-phase precipitation on the ground. Validation of the HRRR forecasts is performed using observations collected by the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) stations across the eastern two-thirds of the United States during the 2010-11 cold season. The results show that the HRRR is able to reliably forecast precipitation extent during the cold season. In particular, the location and areal extent of both snow and rain are very well predicted. Depiction of rain-to-snow transitions and freezing rain is reasonably good; however, the associated evaluation scores are significantly lower than for either snow or rain. The analyses suggest the skill in accurately depicting precipitation extent and phase (i.e., rain, snow, and mixed phase) depends on the size and organization of a weather system. Typically, larger synoptically forced weather systems are better predicted than smaller weather systems, including the associated rain-to-snow transition or freezing-rain areas. Offsets in space or time (i.e., causing misses and false alarms) have a larger effect on the model performance for smaller weather systems. C1 [Ikeda, Kyoko; Steiner, Matthias; Pinto, James] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Alexander, Curtis] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ikeda, K (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM kyoko@ucar.edu RI Steiner, Matthias/K-5013-2013; Alexander, Curtis/G-4439-2015 OI Steiner, Matthias/0000-0002-3973-375X; Alexander, Curtis/0000-0001-7888-609X FU Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) FX This research was carried out in response to requirements of and funding from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official policy or position of the FAA. The authors are thankful to Sara Ziegler for her tireless efforts preparing the ASOS observation dataset for this study, and Gerry Wiener for developing the object-based precipitation area determination algorithm. Greg Thompson provided valuable insights about the model microphysics used in the HRRR. The thoughtful comments by two anonymous reviewers helped sharpen the discussion and improve the paper overall. NR 64 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 28 IS 4 BP 921 EP 939 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00085.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 301LB UT WOS:000330532700001 ER PT J AU Potvin, CK Wicker, LJ AF Potvin, Corey K. Wicker, Louis J. TI Assessing Ensemble Forecasts of Low-Level Supercell Rotation within an OSSE Framework SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS; RADAR DATA ASSIMILATION; SCALE WIND ANALYSES; WARN-ON-FORECAST; KALMAN FILTER; CONVECTIVE STORMS; BULK MICROPHYSICS; FLANK DOWNDRAFTS; MOIST CONVECTION; DUAL-DOPPLER AB Under the envisioned warn-on-forecast (WoF) paradigm, ensemble model guidance will play an increasingly critical role in the tornado warning process. While computational constraints will likely preclude explicit tornado prediction in initial WoF systems, real-time forecasts of low-level mesocyclone-scale rotation appear achievable within the next decade. Given that low-level mesocyclones are significantly more likely than higher-based mesocyclones to be tornadic, intensity and trajectory forecasts of low-level supercell rotation could provide valuable guidance to tornado warning and nowcasting operations. The efficacy of such forecasts is explored using three simulated supercells having weak, moderate, or strong low-level rotation. The results suggest early WoF systems may provide useful probabilistic 30-60-min forecasts of low-level supercell rotation, even in cases of large radar-storm distances and/or narrow cross-beam angles. Given the idealized nature of the experiments, however, they are best viewed as providing an upper-limit estimate of the accuracy of early WoF systems. C1 [Potvin, Corey K.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Potvin, Corey K.; Wicker, Louis J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Potvin, CK (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM corey.potvin@noaa.gov FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory FX The first author was supported by a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory. We thank David Stensrud and Thomas Jones for their helpful suggestions on a preliminary version of this paper. We are also grateful for the thoughtful critiques of Jim Marquis, David Dowell, and an anonymous reviewer. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 28 IS 4 BP 940 EP 960 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00122.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 301LB UT WOS:000330532700002 ER PT J AU Duda, JD Gallus, WA AF Duda, Jeffrey D. Gallus, William A., Jr. TI The Impact of Large-Scale Forcing on Skill of Simulated Convective Initiation and Upscale Evolution with Convection-Allowing Grid Spacings in the WRF SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SEVERE WEATHER REPORTS; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; EXPLICIT FORECASTS; MOIST CONVECTION; BOW ECHOES; PART I; MODEL; PREDICTABILITY; IMPLEMENTATION; VERIFICATION AB A set of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with 3-km grid spacing to investigate the skill at predicting convective initiation and upscale evolution into an MCS. Precipitation was verified using equitable threat scores (ETSs), the neighborhood-based fractions skill score (FSS), and the Method of Object-Based Diagnostic Evaluation. An illustrative case study more closely examines the strong influence that smaller-scale forcing features had on convective initiation. Initiation errors for the 36 cases were in the south-southwest direction on average, with a mean absolute displacement error of 105 km. No systematic temporal error existed, as the errors were approximately normally distributed. Despite earlier findings that quantitative precipitation forecast skill in convection-parameterizing simulations is a function of the strength of large-scale forcing, this relationship was not present in the present study for convective initiation. However, upscale evolution was better predicted for more strongly forced events according to ETSs and FSSs. For the upscale evolution, the relationship between ETSs and object-based ratings was poor. There was also little correspondence between object-based ratings and the skill at convective initiation. The lack of a relationship between the strength of large-scale forcing and model skill at forecasting initiation is likely due to a combination of factors, including the strong role of small-scale features that exert an influence on initiation, and potential errors in the analyses used to represent observations. The limit of predictability of individual convective storms on a 3-km grid must also be considered. C1 [Duda, Jeffrey D.; Gallus, William A., Jr.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA USA. RP Duda, JD (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Natl Weather Ctr, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Rm 2500,120 David Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jeffduda319@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division; NSF [ATM-0848200]; American Recovery and Reinvestment Act [ATM-1222383] FX The authors thank Tara Jensen and John Halley Gotway of NCAR for their help with MODE, and Eric Aligo for help with WRF coding issues. The constructive feedback from three anonymous reviewers, and from Mike Baldwin, was invaluable. Stage IV data were provided by NCAR/EOL under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation (http://data.eol.ucar.edu/). Some RUC data were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division. This project took advantage of netCDF software developed by UCAR/Unidata. This work was supported by NSF Grants ATM-0848200, with funds from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, and ATM-1222383. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 28 IS 4 BP 994 EP 1018 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00005.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 301LB UT WOS:000330532700005 ER PT J AU Zhang, KQ Li, YP Liu, HQ Rhome, J Forbes, C AF Zhang, Keqi Li, Yuepeng Liu, Huiqing Rhome, Jamie Forbes, Cristina TI Transition of the Coastal and Estuarine Storm Tide Model to an Operational Storm Surge Forecast Model: A Case Study of the Florida Coast SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID BOTTOM STRESS; REAL-TIME; EQUATIONS; CIRCULATION; INUNDATION; SCHEME; SYSTEM; OCEAN AB The operational forecast demands and constraints of the National Hurricane Center require that a storm surge model in research mode be tested against a benchmark model such as Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes (SLOSH) for accuracy, computation time, and numerical stability before the model is used for operational forecasts. Additionally, the simulated results must be in a geographic information system format to facilitate the usage of computed storm surge for various applications. This paper presents results from a demonstration project to explore the pathway for the transition of the Coastal and Estuarine Storm Tide (CEST) model to an operational forecast model by testing CEST over SLOSH basins in Florida. The performance and stability of CEST were examined by conducting simulations for Hurricane Andrew (1992) and more than 100 000 synthetic hurricanes for nine SLOSH basins covering the Florida coast and Lake Okeechobee. The results show that CEST produces peak surge heights similar to those from SLOSH. Additionally, CEST has proven to be numerically stable against all synthetic hurricanes and the computation time of CEST is comparable to that of SLOSH. Therefore, CEST has the potential to be used for operational forecasts of storm surge. The potential of producing more detailed real-time surge inundation forecasts was also investigated through the simulations of Andrew's surge on various grids with different cell sizes. The results indicate that CEST can produce 48-h forecasts using a single processor in about 40 min over a grid generated by reducing the cell edge size of the SLOSH grid by 4 times. C1 [Zhang, Keqi] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Zhang, Keqi; Li, Yuepeng; Liu, Huiqing] Florida Int Univ, Int Hurricane Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Rhome, Jamie; Forbes, Cristina] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA. RP Zhang, KQ (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM zhangk@fiu.edu FU NOAA [NA09NWS4680018] FX Drs. Keqi Zhang, Yuepeng Li, and Huiqing Liu were supported by NOAA Grant NA09NWS4680018. We thank Drs. Edward Rapport and Chris Landsea at the NHC for reviewing the manuscript and providing valuable comments. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and suggestions. Discussion with Arthur Taylor and Dr. Harry Glahn at the MDL helped the corresponding author better understand the SLOSH model and the basin development process. Bobby Louangsaysongkham at the MDL provided ArcGIS shapefiles for SLOSH basins and an associated document. Michael Lowry at the NHC created Fig. 1. The findings and conclusions presented in this paper are entirely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of either the NHC or NOAA. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1019 EP 1037 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00076.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 301LB UT WOS:000330532700006 ER PT J AU Chawla, A Tolman, HL Gerald, V Spindler, D Spindler, T Alves, JHGM Cao, DG Hanson, JL Devaliere, EM AF Chawla, Arun Tolman, Hendrik L. Gerald, Vera Spindler, Deanna Spindler, Todd Alves, Jose-Henrique G. M. Cao, Degui Hanson, Jeffrey L. Devaliere, Eve-Marie TI A Multigrid Wave Forecasting Model: A New Paradigm in Operational Wave Forecasting SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID DEEP-WATER WAVES; SEA-SURFACE; PART I; BREAKING; STRENGTH; SYSTEM; ONSET; DISSIPATION; NCEP AB A new operational wave forecasting system has been implemented at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) using the third public release of WAVEWATCH III. The new system uses a mosaic of grids with two-way nesting in a single model. This global system replaces a previous operational wave modeling suite (based on the second release of WAVEWATCH III). The new forecast system consists of nine grids at different resolutions to provide the National Weather Service (NWS) and NCEP centers with model guidance of suitable resolution for all areas where they have the responsibility of providing gridded forecast products. New features introduced in WAVEWATCH III, such as two-way nesting between grids and carving out selected areas of the computational domain, have allowed the operational model to increase spatial resolution and extend the global domain closer to the North Pole, while at the same time optimizing the computational cost. A spectral partitioning algorithm has been implemented to separate individual sea states from the overall spectrum, thus providing additional products for multiple sea states. Field output data are now packed in version 2 of the gridded binary (GRIB2) format and apart from the standard mean wave parameters, they also include parameters of partitioned wave spectra. The partitioning is currently limited to three fields: the wind-wave component, and primary and secondary swells. The modeling system has been validated against data using a multiyear hindcast database as well as archived forecasts. Anew software tool developed by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is used to extend the analysis from overall error estimates to separate skill scores for wind seas and swells. C1 [Chawla, Arun; Tolman, Hendrik L.; Gerald, Vera] NOAA, NCEP, College Pk, MD USA. [Spindler, Deanna; Spindler, Todd] NOAA, NCEP, IMSG, Rockville, MD USA. [Alves, Jose-Henrique G. M.] NOAA, NCEP, SRG, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Cao, Degui] NOAA, NCEP, SAIC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Hanson, Jeffrey L.; Devaliere, Eve-Marie] USACE Field Res Facil, Kitty Hawk, NC USA. RP Chawla, A (reprint author), NOAA, NCEP, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM arun.chawla@noaa.gov NR 49 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1057 EP 1078 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00007.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 301LB UT WOS:000330532700008 ER PT J AU Thome, K Goldberg, M Mita, D Stensaas, GL AF Thome, Kurt Goldberg, Mitch Mita, Dath Stensaas, Gregory L. CA JACIE Team TI JACIE: A MODEL PARTNERSHIP SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Thome, Kurt] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Goldberg, Mitch] NOAA, Washington, DC USA. [Mita, Dath] USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Stensaas, Gregory L.] USGS, Garretson, SD USA. RP Thome, K (reprint author), NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RI Thome, Kurtis/D-7251-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 79 IS 8 BP 681 EP 682 PG 2 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 295CC UT WOS:000330093200002 ER PT J AU Huang, CH Hwang, C Hsiao, YS Wang, YM Roman, DR AF Huang, Chi-Hsun Hwang, Cheinway Hsiao, Yu-Shen Wang, Yan Ming Roman, Daniel R. TI Analysis of Alabama Airborne Gravity at Three Altitudes: Expected Accuracy and Spatial Resolution from a Future Tibetan Airborne Gravity Survey SO TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Airborne gravity; Alabama; Downward continuation; Gravity anomaly; Tibet ID MOHO UNDULATIONS; ISLAND; SEA AB In situ airborne gravity data at altitudes of 11, 6.3, and 1.7 km over a smooth area of Alabama are used to assess gravity accuracy and errors in upward and downward continuations. Analysis of the Alabama free-air anomaly gravity data at crossover points at the three altitudes suggests 1 - 2 mgal accuracy for the dataset. Gravity data at each altitude are then expanded into local 3D Fourier series, to prepare for continuation. This Fourier representation results in continuation errors at few-mgal level in Alabama, even in the extreme case of downward continuation from 11 km to sea level. The result in Alabama inspires an airborne gravity survey over the rough, inaccessible terrain of Tibet. Similar investigations as in Alabama are made in Tibet using EGM08-derived airborne gravity data at flight altitudes of 10, 5, and 0 km. Bouguer anomalies at the 10-km altitude preserve the major tectonic features of Tibet. Downward continuation errors increase with terrain roughness, but the survey can enhance local tectonic features. This study highlights the value of a future Tibetan airborne gravity survey and points out the expected gravity accuracy and spatial resolution from this survey. C1 [Huang, Chi-Hsun; Hwang, Cheinway] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Hsiao, Yu-Shen] Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Soil & Water Conservat, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. [Wang, Yan Ming; Roman, Daniel R.] Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Hwang, C (reprint author), Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Hsinchu, Taiwan. EM cheinway@mail.nctu.edu.tw FU National Land Surveying and Mapping Center, Ministry of the Interior, Taiwan; NSFC (mainland China) [41128003]; National Geodetic Survey, USA FX This study is supported by National Land Surveying and Mapping Center, Ministry of the Interior, Taiwan, under the project "Nearshore shipborne gravity survey," and by NSFC (mainland China) under grant No. 41128003. The support from the National Geodetic Survey, USA, is administrated under the GRAV-D project. We thank three anonymous referees for their reviews that improved the quality of this paper. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU CHINESE GEOSCIENCE UNION PI TAIPEI PA PO BOX 23-59, TAIPEI 10764, TAIWAN SN 1017-0839 J9 TERR ATMOS OCEAN SCI JI Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 24 IS 4 SI SI BP 551 EP 563 DI 10.3319/TAO.2012.10.30.01(TibXS) PN 1 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 292IF UT WOS:000329894700009 ER PT J AU Mathias, S La-O-vorakiat, C Shaw, JM Turgut, E Grychtol, P Adam, R Rudolf, D Nembach, HT Silva, TJ Aeschlimann, M Schneider, CM Kapteyn, HC Murnane, MM AF Mathias, Stefan La-o-vorakiat, Chan Shaw, Justin M. Turgut, Emrah Grychtol, Patrik Adam, Roman Rudolf, Dennis Nembach, Hans T. Silva, Thomas J. Aeschlimann, Martin Schneider, Claus M. Kapteyn, Henry C. Murnane, Margaret M. TI Ultrafast element-specific magnetization dynamics of complex magnetic materials on a table-top SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE Magnetism; Ultrafast; Femtosecond; Dynamics; High-harmonic generation; Material science; X-ray ID FE M-2,M-3 EDGE; NONLINEAR OPTICS; REFLECTION SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRON DISTRIBUTIONS; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; SPIN DYNAMICS; X-RAYS; DEMAGNETIZATION; MAGNETOOPTICS; GENERATION AB We review recent progress in femtosecond magnetization dynamics probed by extreme ultraviolet pulses from high-harmonic generation. In a transverse magneto-optical Kerr geometry, we established an ultrafast, element-specific experimental capability on a table-top for the measurement of magnetization dynamics in complex multi-sublattice magnets and multilayer magnetic structures. We show that this newly introduced technique is an artifact-free magnetic sensor, with only negligible non-magnetic (optical) contributions from the transient variation of the refractive index due to the presence of a non equilibrium hot-electron distribution. We then use these new experimental capabilities of ultrahigh time-resolution, combined with element-specific simultaneous probing, to disentangle important microscopic processes that drive magnetization dynamics on femtosecond timescales. We elucidate the role of exchange interaction on magnetization dynamics in strongly exchange-coupled alloys, and the role of photo-induced superdiffusive spin currents in magnetic multilayer stacks. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mathias, Stefan; Aeschlimann, Martin] Univ Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Mathias, Stefan; Aeschlimann, Martin] Res Ctr OPTIMAS, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Mathias, Stefan; La-o-vorakiat, Chan; Turgut, Emrah; Grychtol, Patrik; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mathias, Stefan; La-o-vorakiat, Chan; Turgut, Emrah; Grychtol, Patrik; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mathias, Stefan; La-o-vorakiat, Chan; Turgut, Emrah; Grychtol, Patrik; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Grychtol, Patrik; Adam, Roman; Rudolf, Dennis; Schneider, Claus M.] Res Ctr Julich, Peter Grunberg Inst PGI 6, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Grychtol, Patrik; Adam, Roman; Rudolf, Dennis; Schneider, Claus M.] Res Ctr Julich, JARA FIT, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Shaw, Justin M.; Nembach, Hans T.; Silva, Thomas J.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Mathias, S (reprint author), Univ Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. EM smathias@physik.uni-kl.de RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Aeschlimann, Martin/D-7141-2011; Turgut, Emrah/D-2616-2014; Mathias, Stefan/I-4679-2012; Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013; Schneider, Claus/H-7453-2012; OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Aeschlimann, Martin/0000-0003-3413-5029; Turgut, Emrah/0000-0001-8846-2223; Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642; Schneider, Claus/0000-0002-3920-6255; Grychtol, Patrik/0000-0002-7042-9334 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-09ER46652]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Schn-353/17, AE-19/20, GR 4234/1-1]; European Community [GA 253316] FX Contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, an agency of the U.S. government, not subject to U.S. copyright. The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Award #DE-FG02-09ER46652 and from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, #Schn-353/17, #AE-19/20 and #GR 4234/1-1. S.M. was supported by the European Community's FP7 under Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship GA 253316. We also thank P.M. Oppeneer and M. Battiato (Uppsala University) for valuable discussions. NR 53 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 EI 1873-2526 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 189 BP 164 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2012.11.013 PG 7 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 285VL UT WOS:000329423000028 ER PT J AU Fernandes, JA Cheung, WWL Jennings, S Butenschon, M de Mora, L Frolicher, TL Barange, M Grant, A AF Fernandes, Jose A. Cheung, William W. L. Jennings, Simon Butenschoen, Momme de Mora, Lee Froelicher, Thomas L. Barange, Manuel Grant, Alastair TI Modelling the effects of climate change on the distribution and production of marine fishes: accounting for trophic interactions in a dynamic bioclimate envelope model SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological feedback; climate change; competition; ecosystem approach; fisheries management; model validation; modelling; size spectrum; species interactions ID ECOSYSTEM APPROACH; GLOBAL FISHERIES; NORTH-SEA; IMPACTS; OCEAN; BIOMASS; ASSEMBLAGE; EFFICIENCY; COMMUNITY; ABUNDANCE AB Climate change has already altered the distribution of marine fishes. Future predictions of fish distributions and catches based on bioclimate envelope models are available, but to date they have not considered interspecific interactions. We address this by combining the species-based Dynamic Bioclimate Envelope Model (DBEM) with a size-based trophic model. The new approach provides spatially and temporally resolved predictions of changes in species' size, abundance and catch potential that account for the effects of ecological interactions. Predicted latitudinal shifts are, on average, reduced by 20% when species interactions are incorporated, compared to DBEM predictions, with pelagic species showing the greatest reductions. Goodness-of-fit of biomass data from fish stock assessments in the North Atlantic between 1991 and 2003 is improved slightly by including species interactions. The differences between predictions from the two models may be relatively modest because, at the North Atlantic basin scale, (i) predators and competitors may respond to climate change together; (ii) existing parameterization of the DBEM might implicitly incorporate trophic interactions; and/or (iii) trophic interactions might not be the main driver of responses to climate. Future analyses using ecologically explicit models and data will improve understanding of the effects of inter-specific interactions on responses to climate change, and better inform managers about plausible ecological and fishery consequences of a changing environment. C1 [Fernandes, Jose A.; Jennings, Simon; Grant, Alastair] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Fernandes, Jose A.; Butenschoen, Momme; de Mora, Lee; Barange, Manuel] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL13 DH, Devon, England. [Cheung, William W. L.] Univ British Columbia, Changing Ocean Res Unit, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Jennings, Simon] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England. [Froelicher, Thomas L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Fernandes, JA (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM j.fernandes@uea.ac.uk RI Jennings, Simon/F-5085-2012; , William/F-5104-2013; Frolicher, Thomas/E-5137-2015; Barange, Manuel/D-2689-2016; OI , William/0000-0003-3626-1045; Frolicher, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7854; Barange, Manuel/0000-0002-1508-0483; Butenschon, Momme/0000-0002-4592-9927; Grant, Alastair/0000-0002-1147-2375 FU EURO-BASIN of the European Union's 7th Framework Program [264933]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Geographic Society FX The research was funded by EURO-BASIN of the European Union's 7th Framework Program (Grant Agreement No. 264933). W. Cheung acknowledges funding support from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and National Geographic Society. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 57 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 71 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 19 IS 8 BP 2596 EP 2607 DI 10.1111/gcb.12231 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 276IV UT WOS:000328744900025 PM 23625663 ER PT J AU Krakauer, NY Pradhanag, SM Lakhankar, T Jha, AK AF Krakauer, Nir Y. Pradhanag, Soni M. Lakhankar, Tarendra Jha, Ajay K. TI Evaluating Satellite Products for Precipitation Estimation in Mountain Regions: A Case Study for Nepal SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE quantitative precipitation estimation; Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency; Nepal; Himalayas; monsoon Asia ID WATER-RESOURCES; GAUGE DATA; RAINFALL; MICROWAVE; HIMALAYAS; TRMM; MANAGEMENT; NETWORK; EVENTS; RADAR AB Precipitation in mountain regions is often highly variable and poorly observed, limiting abilities to manage water resource challenges. Here, we evaluate remote sensing and ground station-based gridded precipitation products over Nepal against weather station precipitation observations on a monthly timescale. We find that the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B-43 precipitation product exhibits little mean bias and reasonable skill in giving precipitation over Nepal. Compared to station observations, the TRMM precipitation product showed an overall Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.49, which is similar to the skill of the gridded station-based product Asian Precipitation-Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of Water Resources (APHRODITE). The other satellite precipitation products considered (Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP), the Climate Prediction Center Morphing technique (CMORPH), Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information Using Artificial Neural Networks-Cloud Classification System (PERSIANN-CCS)) were less skillful, as judged by Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency, and, on average, substantially underestimated precipitation compared to station observations, despite their, in some cases, higher nominal spatial resolution compared to TRMM. None of the products fully captured the dependence of mean precipitation on elevation seen in the station observations. Overall, the TRMM product is promising for use in water resources applications. C1 [Krakauer, Nir Y.; Lakhankar, Tarendra] CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Pradhanag, Soni M.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Pradhanag, Soni M.] CUNY, Inst Sustainable Cities, Kingston, NY 12401 USA. [Jha, Ajay K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Krakauer, NY (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM nkrakauer@ccny.cuny.edu; soni.pradhanang@hunter.cuny.edu; tlakhankar@ccny.cuny.edu; ajay.jha@colostate.edu RI Lakhankar, Tarendra/F-9490-2011 OI Lakhankar, Tarendra/0000-0002-4759-2141 FU USAID Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research for Adapting Livestock Systems [9650-32] FX We are grateful to the Nepal Department of Hydrology and Meteorology and the PRADYP and SHARE projects for collecting station precipitation data and for the TRMM, GSMaP, CMORPH, PERSIANN and APHRODITE projects for creating and making available their precipitation products. This work is part of the project "Adaptation for climate change by livestock small holders in Gandaki river basin", supported by the USAID Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research for Adapting Livestock Systems to Climate Change at Colorado State University under subaward 9650-32. All statements made are the views of the authors and not the opinions of the funders or the US government. NR 40 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 24 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 5 IS 8 BP 4107 EP 4123 DI 10.3390/rs5084107 PG 17 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 274SI UT WOS:000328626100021 ER PT J AU Hoef, JMV AF Hoef, Jay M. Ver TI Ver Hoef, J. M. (2012), "Who Invented the Delta Method," The American Statistician, 66, 124-127: Comment by S. Portnoy and Reply Reply SO AMERICAN STATISTICIAN LA English DT Letter C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA USA. RP Hoef, JMV (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 732 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1943 USA SN 0003-1305 EI 1537-2731 J9 AM STAT JI Am. Stat. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 67 IS 3 BP 190 EP 190 PG 1 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 238AB UT WOS:000325911700010 ER PT J AU Schnier, KE Felthoven, RG AF Schnier, Kurt E. Felthoven, Ronald G. TI Production Efficiency and Exit in Rights-Based Fisheries SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID TECHNICAL INEFFICIENCY; STATISTICAL PROPERTIES; MANAGEMENT REFORM; ECONOMIC-BENEFITS; PROCESSING SECTOR; RESOURCE; PROPERTY; MODEL; ELASTICITIES; POLICY AB Economic theory predicts that the least-efficient vessels are more likely to exit a fishery following the transition to an individual transferable quota (ITQ) management regime. Tools are needed to help analysts predict the likely degree and distribution of consolidation prior to implementing ITQ programs. This research utilizes a one-stage estimation procedure to determine the degree to which one's technical inefficiency preceding an ITQ regime influences the likelihood of exiting. Our results indicate that a vessel's measure of technical inefficiency is a significant and positive factor in explaining whether it exits the fishery following the implementation of ITQs. C1 [Schnier, Kurt E.] Georgia State Univ, Andrew Young Sch Policy Studies, Dept Econ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Felthoven, Ronald G.] US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Schnier, KE (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Andrew Young Sch Policy Studies, Dept Econ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 EI 1543-8325 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 89 IS 3 BP 538 EP 557 PG 20 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 245QO UT WOS:000326479100009 ER PT J AU Eppeldauer, GP AF Eppeldauer, George P. TI Spectral responsivity-based calibration of photometer and colorimeter standards SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE color calibration; detector-based colorimetry; illuminance responsivity; LED colorimetry; matrix correction; photometer standard; tristimulus colorimeter ID TRISTIMULUS-COLORIMETERS; IRRADIANCE; SCALE; NIST AB Several new generation transfer- and working-standard illuminance meters and tristimulus colorimeters have been developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [1] to measure all kinds of light sources with low uncertainty. The spectral and broad-band (illuminance) responsivities of the photometer (Y) channels of two tristimulus meters were determined at both the Spectral Irradiance and Radiance Responsivity Calibrations using Uniform Sources (SIRCUS) facility and the Spectral Comparator Facility (SCF) [2]. The two illuminance responsivities agreed within 0.1% with an overall uncertainty of 0.2% (k = 2), which is a factor of two improvement over the present NIST photometric scale. The first detector-based tristimulus color scale [3] was realized. All channels of the reference tristimulus colorimeter were calibrated at the SIRCUS. The other tristimulus meters were calibrated at the SCF and also against the reference meter on the photometry bench in broad-band measurement mode. The agreement between detector- and source-based calibrations was within 3 K when a tungsten lamp-standard was measured at 2856 K and 3100 K [4]. The color-temperature uncertainty of tungsten lamp measurements was 4 K (k = 2) between 2300 K and 3200 K, which is a factor of two improvement over the presently used NIST source-based color temperature scale. One colorimeter was extended with an additional (fifth) channel to apply software implemented matrix corrections. With this correction, the spectral mismatch caused color difference errors were decreased by a factor of 20 for single-color LEDs. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Eppeldauer, GP (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.eppeldauer@nist.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 EI 1362-3044 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 60 IS 14 SI SI BP 1124 EP 1135 DI 10.1080/09500340.2013.803622 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 244ET UT WOS:000326370600005 ER PT J AU Kawabata, T Ohno, Y AF Kawabata, Tokihisa Ohno, Yoshi TI Optical measurements of OLED panels for lighting applications SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE organic light-emitting diode (OLED); measurement; photometry; colorimetry; luminous flux; chromaticity; optical characteristics AB Optical characteristics of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) panels have been investigated for the purpose of developing a test method for OLED panels for lighting applications. The electrical characteristics, total luminous flux and chromaticity (x, y), and their dependence on supply current, stabilization time, ambient temperature, and operating position, were measured and evaluated. Directional characteristics of these panels, including angular luminous intensity and chromaticity distributions as well as spatial non-uniformity of luminance and temperature, were also measured and evaluated. From the data obtained, critical optical characteristics to be measured for OLED panels and suitable measurement methods and conditions for testing OLED panels are discussed. C1 [Kawabata, Tokihisa; Ohno, Yoshi] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kawabata, T (reprint author), Konica Minolta Inc, Sakai Ku, 3-91 Daisennishi Machi, Sakai, Osaka 5908551, Japan. EM tokihisa.kawabata@konicaminolta.jp NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 EI 1362-3044 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 60 IS 14 SI SI BP 1176 EP 1186 DI 10.1080/09500340.2013.806681 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 244ET UT WOS:000326370600011 ER PT J AU Shah, M AF Shah, Mili TI Solving the Robot-World/Hand-Eye Calibration Problem Using the Kronecker Product SO JOURNAL OF MECHANISMS AND ROBOTICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE robotics; computer vision; robot-world calibration; hand-eye calibration; six degrees of freedom; translation; rotation; camera calibration; registration ID HOMOGENEOUS TRANSFORM EQUATIONS; AX = XB; HAND-EYE; DUAL-QUATERNIONS; SENSOR; BASE AB This paper constructs a separable closed-form solution to the robot-world/hand-eye calibration problem AX = YB. Qualifications and properties that determine the uniqueness of X and Y as well as error metrics that measure the accuracy of a given X and Y are given. The formulation of the solution involves the Kronecker product and the singular value decomposition. The method is compared with existing solutions on simulated data and real data. It is shown that the Kronecker method that is presented in this paper is a reliable and accurate method for solving the robot-world/hand-eye calibration problem. C1 [Shah, Mili] Loyola Univ Maryland, Dept Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. [Shah, Mili] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shah, M (reprint author), Loyola Univ Maryland, Dept Math & Stat, 4501 North Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. EM mishah@loyola.edu NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 26 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1942-4302 EI 1942-4310 J9 J MECH ROBOT JI J. Mech. Robot. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 5 IS 3 AR 031007 DI 10.1115/1.4024473 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA 241SF UT WOS:000326187200007 ER PT J AU Carpenter, I Archibald, RK Evans, KJ Larkin, J Micikevicius, P Norman, M Rosinski, J Schwarzmeier, J Taylor, MA AF Carpenter, I. Archibald, R. K. Evans, K. J. Larkin, J. Micikevicius, P. Norman, M. Rosinski, J. Schwarzmeier, J. Taylor, M. A. TI Progress towards accelerating HOMME on hybrid multi-core systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE CAM; HOMME; GPU; scalability; tracer ID DYNAMICAL CORE; MODELS; SCHEME AB The suitability of a spectral element based dynamical core (HOMME) within the Community Atmospheric Model (CAM) for GPU-based architectures is examined and initial performance results are reported. This work was done within a project to enable CAM to run at high resolution on next-generation, multi-petaflop systems. The dynamical core is the present focus because it dominates the performance profile of our target problem. HOMME enjoys good scalability due to its underlying cubed-sphere mesh with full two-dimensional decomposition and the localization of all computational work within each element. The thread blocking and code changes that allow HOMME to effectively use GPUs are described along with a rewritten vertical remapping scheme, which improves performance on both CPUs and GPUs. Validation of results in the full HOMME model is also described. We demonstrate that the most expensive kernel in the model executes more than three times faster on the GPU than the CPU. These improvements are expected to provide improved efficiency when incorporated into the full model that has been configured for the target problem. Remaining issues affecting performance include optimizing the boundary exchanges for the case of multiple spectral elements being computed on the GPU. C1 [Carpenter, I.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Computat Sci Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Archibald, R. K.; Norman, M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Evans, K. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Larkin, J.] Cray Inc, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Micikevicius, P.] NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA USA. [Rosinski, J.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Schwarzmeier, J.] Cray Inc, Chippewa Falls, WI USA. [Taylor, M. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Carpenter, I (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd,MS 1622, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Ilene.Carpenter@nrel.gov RI Archibald, Rick/I-6238-2016; OI Archibald, Rick/0000-0002-4538-9780; Evans, Katherine/0000-0001-8174-6450 FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX MAT and KJE have been supported by the DOE BER SciDAC project, 'A Scalable and Extensible Earth System'. This research used resources of the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Number DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 17 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 EI 1741-2846 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 27 IS 3 SI SI BP 335 EP 347 DI 10.1177/1094342012462751 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 239AI UT WOS:000325993400011 ER PT J AU Yong, B Ren, LL Hong, Y Gourley, JJ Chen, X Dong, JW Wang, WG Shen, Y Hardy, J AF Yong, Bin Ren, Liliang Hong, Yang Gourley, Jonathan J. Chen, Xi Dong, Jinwei Wang, Weiguang Shen, Yan Hardy, Jill TI Spatial-Temporal Changes of Water Resources in a Typical Semiarid Basin of North China over the Past 50 Years and Assessment of Possible Natural and Socioeconomic Causes SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrologic cycle; Hydrology; Hydrometeorology; Annual variations; Climate variability ID YELLOW-RIVER BASIN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL RIVERS; STREAMFLOW; IMPACTS; RUNOFF; TRENDS; VARIABILITY; DROUGHT AB Hydrological processes in most semiarid regions on Earth have been changing under the impacts of climate change, human activities, or combinations of the two. This paper first presents a trend analysis of the spatiotemporal changes in water resources and then diagnoses their underlying atmospheric and socioeconomic causes over 10 catchments in the Laoha basin, a typical semiarid zone of northeast China. The impacts of climate variability and human activities on streamflow change were quantitatively evaluated by the VIC (Variable Infiltration Capacity) model. First, results indicate that six out of the 10 studied catchments have statistically significant downward trends in annual streamflow; however, there is no significant change of annual precipitation for all catchments. Two abrupt changes of annual streamflow at 1979 and 1998 are identified for the four largest catchments. Second, the Laoha basin generally experienced three evident dry-wet pattern switches during the past 50 years. Furthermore, this basin is currently suffering from unprecedented water shortages. Large-scale climate variability has affected the local natural hydrologic system. Third, quantitative evaluation shows human activities were the main driving factors for the streamflow reduction with contributions of approximately 90% for the whole basin. A significant increase in irrigated area, which inevitably resulted in tremendous agricultural water consumption, is the foremost culprit contributing to the dramatic runoff reduction, especially at midstream and downstream of the Laoha basin. This study is expected to enable policymakers and stakeholders to make well-informed, short-term practice decisions and better plan long-term water resource and ecoenvironment management strategies. C1 [Yong, Bin; Ren, Liliang; Chen, Xi; Wang, Weiguang] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.; Hardy, Jill] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Dong, Jinwei] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Ctr Spatial Anal, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Shen, Yan] Natl Meteorol Informat Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Yong, B (reprint author), Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM yongbin_hhu@126.com RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Yong, Bin/C-2257-2014; Dong, Jinwei/C-4949-2009; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Yong, Bin/0000-0003-1466-2091; Dong, Jinwei/0000-0001-5687-803X; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755 FU Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China [51190090]; Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin (China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research) [IWHR-SKL-201202]; 111 Project [B08048]; Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BK2012813] FX This work was financially supported by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 51190090), the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin (China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Grant IWHR-SKL-201202), the 111 Project under Grant B08048, the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province, and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant BK2012813). The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Sadiq I. Khan, Dr. Yixin Wen, Prof. Wen Wang, Prof. Diandong Ren, and Dr. Shanhu Jiang for their constructive comments and suggestions in this study. Reviews from Dr. Christa D. Peters-Lidard and three anonymous reviewers improved the quality of this paper. NR 79 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 13 U2 49 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1009 EP 1034 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-0116.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 240FC UT WOS:000326079300001 ER PT J AU Anderson, MC Hain, C Otkin, J Zhan, XW Mo, K Svoboda, M Wardlow, B Pimstein, A AF Anderson, Martha C. Hain, Christopher Otkin, Jason Zhan, Xiwu Mo, Kingtse Svoboda, Mark Wardlow, Brian Pimstein, Agustin TI An Intercomparison of Drought Indicators Based on Thermal Remote Sensing and NLDAS-2 Simulations with US Drought Monitor Classifications SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Drought; Atmosphere-land interaction; Evapotranspiration; Surface temperature; Remote sensing ID ASSIMILATION SYSTEM NLDAS; SOIL-MOISTURE; LAND-SURFACE; ETA-MODEL; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; PRECIPITATION; INDEX; VEGETATION; SCALES; FLUXES AB Comparison of multiple hydrologic indicators, derived from independent data sources and modeling approaches, may improve confidence in signals of emerging drought, particularly during periods of rapid onset. This paper compares the evaporative stress index (ESI)a diagnostic fast-response indicator describing evapotranspiration (ET) deficits derived within a thermal remote sensing energy balance frameworkwith prognostic estimates of soil moisture (SM), ET, and runoff anomalies generated with the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS). Widely used empirical indices based on thermal remote sensing [vegetation health index (VHI)] and precipitation percentiles [standardized precipitation index (SPI)] were also included to assess relative performance. Spatial and temporal correlations computed between indices over the contiguous United States were compared with historical drought classifications recorded in the U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM). Based on correlation results, improved forms for the ESI were identified, incorporating a Penman-Monteith reference ET scaling flux and implementing a temporal smoothing algorithm at the pixel level. Of all indices evaluated, anomalies in the NLDAS ensemble-averaged SM provided the highest correlations with USDM drought classes, while the ESI yielded the best performance of the remote sensing indices. The VHI provided reasonable correlations, except under conditions of energy-limited vegetation growth during the cold season and at high latitudes. Change indices computed from ESI and SM time series agree well, and in combination offer a good indicator of change in drought severity class in the USDM, often preceding USDM class deterioration by several weeks. Results suggest that a merged ESI-SM change indicator may provide valuable early warning of rapidly evolving flash drought conditions. C1 [Anderson, Martha C.] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hain, Christopher] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Otkin, Jason] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Zhan, Xiwu] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, College Pk, MD USA. [Mo, Kingtse] NOAA, CPC, College Pk, MD USA. [Svoboda, Mark; Wardlow, Brian] Univ Nebraska, Natl Drought Mitigat Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. [Pimstein, Agustin] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago, Chile. RP Anderson, MC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM martha.anderson@ars.usda.gov RI Otkin, Jason/D-1737-2012; Zhan, Xiwu/F-5487-2010; Hain, Christopher/G-3512-2012; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Otkin, Jason/0000-0003-4034-7845; Hain, Christopher/0000-0002-0093-6816; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 FU NOAA/CTB [GC09-236]; Vaadia-BARD Postdoctoral Fellowship from BARD, the United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund [FI-421-2009] FX This work was supported by NOAA/CTB Grant GC09-236 and by Vaadia-BARD Postdoctoral Fellowship Award No. FI-421-2009 from BARD, the United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund. NR 52 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 38 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1035 EP 1056 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-0140.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 240FC UT WOS:000326079300002 ER PT J AU Mizukami, N Koren, V Smith, M Kingsmill, D Zhang, ZY Cosgrove, B Cui, ZT AF Mizukami, Naoki Koren, Victor Smith, Michael Kingsmill, David Zhang, Ziya Cosgrove, Brian Cui, Zhengtao TI The Impact of Precipitation Type Discrimination on Hydrologic Simulation: Rain-Snow Partitioning Derived from HMT-West Radar-Detected Brightband Height versus Surface Temperature Data SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Complex terrain; Hydrometeorology; Radars; Radar observations; Operational forecasting; Hydrologic models ID SIERRA-NEVADA; UNITED-STATES; AIR-TEMPERATURE; RIVER-BASIN; MODEL; ASSIMILATION; CALIFORNIA; STREAMFLOW; TERRAIN; SNOTEL AB Hourly surface precipitation type (Ptype) grids (a total of 408 h from 1 December 2005 through April 20, 2006) were generated by mapping the elevation of the radar-detected brightband height (BBH) to terrain elevation during the 2005/06 observation period of the western Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT-West) in the North Fork American River basin. BBH Ptype grids were compared to those derived by the standard National Weather Service (NWS) temperature threshold method. In this method, a fixed threshold temperature separating rain and snow was applied to hourly 4-km gridded temperature data. The BBH Ptype grids agreed well (>90%) with the temperature threshold-based grids below an elevation of 1524 m. The agreement dropped to below 60% above this elevation, and BBH Ptype produced more rainfall than the temperature-based Ptype. Continuous hourly streamflow simulations were generated using spatially lumped and distributed hydrologic models with and without the BBH Ptype data from 1 October 2005 through 30 September 2006. Simple insertion of BBH Ptype data did not always improve streamflow simulations for the 11 events examined relative to corresponding simulations using temperature threshold-derived precipitation type, possibly because of the use of the models calibrated with the temperature-based Ptype. The simple sensitivity test indicated simulations of both peak flows from midwinter storms and spring snowmelt runoff are affected by errors in precipitation type estimates. C1 [Mizukami, Naoki; Koren, Victor; Smith, Michael; Zhang, Ziya; Cosgrove, Brian; Cui, Zhengtao] NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Kingsmill, David] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kingsmill, David] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Mizukami, N (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM mizukami@ucar.edu RI Mizukami, Naoki/J-7027-2015 NR 51 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1139 EP 1158 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-035.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 240FC UT WOS:000326079300007 ER PT J AU Maggioni, V Vergara, HJ Anagnostou, EN Gourley, JJ Hong, Y Stampoulis, D AF Maggioni, Viviana Vergara, Humberto J. Anagnostou, Emmanouil N. Gourley, Jonathan J. Hong, Yang Stampoulis, Dimitrios TI Investigating the Applicability of Error Correction Ensembles of Satellite Rainfall Products in River Flow Simulations SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Satellite observations; Ensembles; Probability forecasts; models; distribution; Hydrologic models; Model errors; Flood events ID PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS TMPA; HYDROLOGIC PREDICTION; TROPICAL RAINFALL; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; SAMPLING ERROR; SYSTEM; BASIN; UNCERTAINTY; EVOLUTION; FORECASTS AB This study uses a stochastic ensemble-based representation of satellite rainfall error to predict the propagation in flood simulation of three quasi-global-scale satellite rainfall products across a range of basin scales. The study is conducted on the Tar-Pamlico River basin in the southeastern United States based on 2 years of data (2004 and 2006). The NWS Multisensor Precipitation Estimator (MPE) dataset is used as the reference for evaluating three satellite rainfall products: the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) real-time 3B42 product (3B42RT), the Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH), and the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Imagery Using Artificial Neural Networks-Cloud Classification System (PERSIANN-CCS). Both ground-measured runoff and streamflow simulations, derived from the NWS Research Distributed Hydrologic Model forced with the MPE dataset, are used as benchmarks to evaluate ensemble streamflow simulations obtained by forcing the model with satellite rainfall corrected using stochastic error simulations from a two-dimensional satellite rainfall error model (SREM2D). The ability of the SREM2D ensemble error corrections to improve satellite rainfall-driven runoff simulations and to characterize the error variability of those simulations is evaluated. It is shown that by applying the SREM2D error ensemble to satellite rainfall, the simulated runoff ensemble is able to envelope both the reference runoff simulation and observed streamflow. The best (uncorrected) product is 3B42RT, but after applying SREM2D, CMORPH becomes the most accurate of the three products in the prediction of runoff variability. The impact of spatial resolution on the rainfall-to-runoff error propagation is also evaluated for a cascade of basin scales (500-5000 km(2)). Results show a doubling in the bias from rainfall to runoff at all basin scales. Significant dependency to catchment area is exhibited for the random error propagation component. C1 [Maggioni, Viviana; Anagnostou, Emmanouil N.; Stampoulis, Dimitrios] Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Vergara, Humberto J.; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Vergara, Humberto J.; Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Anagnostou, EN (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM manos@engr.uconn.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755 FU NASA Precipitation Science Team [NNX07AE31G]; NASA Earth System Science Graduate Fellowship FX The research for this paper was supported by NASA Precipitation Science Team Grant NNX07AE31G (E. Anagnostou and Y. Hong). V. Maggioni was supported by a NASA Earth System Science Graduate Fellowship. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1194 EP 1211 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-074.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 240FC UT WOS:000326079300010 ER PT J AU Wen, YX Cao, Q Kirstetter, PE Hong, Y Gourley, JJ Zhang, J Zhang, GF Yong, B AF Wen, Yixin Cao, Qing Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel Hong, Yang Gourley, Jonathan J. Zhang, Jian Zhang, Guifu Yong, Bin TI Incorporating NASA Spaceborne Radar Data into NOAA National Mosaic QPE System for Improved Precipitation Measurement: A Physically Based VPR Identification and Enhancement Method SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Precipitation; Rainfall; Radars; Radar observations; Remote sensing; Satellite observations ID RAIN-PROFILING ALGORITHM; RANGE-DEPENDENT ERROR; VERTICAL PROFILES; MELTING-LAYER; BRIGHT BAND; UNITED-STATES; PART I; REFLECTIVITY; TRMM; REGIONS AB This study proposes an approach that identifies and corrects for the vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) by using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) measurements in the region of Arizona and southern California, where the ground-based Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) finds difficulties in making reliable estimations of surface precipitation amounts because of complex terrain and limited radar coverage. A VPR identification and enhancement (VPR-IE) method based on the modeling of the vertical variations of the equivalent reflectivity factor using a physically based parameterization is employed to obtain a representative VPR at S band from the TRMM PR measurement at Ku band. Then the representative VPR is convolved with ground radar beam sampling properties to compute apparent VPRs for enhancing NEXRAD quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE). The VPR-IE methodology is evaluated with several stratiform precipitation events during the cold season and is compared to two other statistically based correction methods, that is, the TRMM PR-based rainfall calibration and a range ring-based adjustment scheme. The results show that the VPR-IE has the best overall performance and provides much more accurate surface rainfall estimates than the original ground-based radar QPE. The potential of the VPR-IE method could be further exploited and better utilized when the Global Precipitation Measurement Mission's dual-frequency PR is launched in 2014, with anticipated accuracy improvements and expanded latitude coverage. C1 [Wen, Yixin; Zhang, Guifu] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Wen, Yixin; Cao, Qing; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Hong, Yang; Yong, Bin] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Wen, Yixin; Cao, Qing; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Hong, Yang; Yong, Bin] Natl Weather Ctr, Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Gourley, Jonathan J.; Zhang, Jian] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Yong, Bin] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Yong, Bin/C-2257-2014; Zhang, Guifu/M-3178-2014; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015 OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Yong, Bin/0000-0003-1466-2091; Zhang, Guifu/0000-0002-0261-2815; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755; FU NOAA FX This work was financially supported by the NOAA Multi-Function Phased-Array Radar Project administrated by the Advanced Radar Research Center at the University of Oklahoma. The authors gratefully acknowledge the NSSL/OU NMQ research group and the NASA GPM Ground Validation and SPoRT Programs. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1293 EP 1307 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-0106.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 240FC UT WOS:000326079300016 ER PT J AU Chen, S Gourley, JJ Hong, Y Kirstetter, PE Zhang, J Howard, K Flamig, ZL Hu, JJ Qi, YC AF Chen, Sheng Gourley, Jonathan J. Hong, Yang Kirstetter, P. E. Zhang, Jian Howard, Kenneth Flamig, Zachary L. Hu, Junjun Qi, Youcun TI Evaluation and Uncertainty Estimation of NOAA/NSSL Next-Generation National Mosaic Quantitative Precipitation Estimation Product (Q2) over the Continental United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rainfall; Radars; Radar observations ID RADAR; QPE; WSR-88D; SYSTEM; IDENTIFICATION; REFLECTIVITY AB Quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) products from the next-generation National Mosaic and QPE system (Q2) are cross-compared to the operational, radar-only product of the National Weather Service (Stage II) using the gauge-adjusted and manual quality-controlled product (Stage IV) as a reference. The evaluation takes place over the entire conterminous United States (CONUS) from December 2009 to November 2010. The annual comparison of daily Stage II precipitation to the radar-only Q2Rad product indicates that both have small systematic biases (absolute values > 8%), but the random errors with Stage II are much greater, as noted with a root-mean-squared difference of 4.5 mm day(-1) compared to 1.1 mm day(-1) with Q2Rad and a lower correlation coefficient (0.20 compared to 0.73). The Q2 logic of identifying precipitation types as being convective, stratiform, or tropical at each grid point and applying differential Z-R equations has been successful in removing regional biases (i.e., overestimated rainfall from Stage II east of the Appalachians) and greatly diminishes seasonal bias patterns that were found with Stage II. Biases and radar artifacts along the coastal mountain and intermountain chains were not mitigated with rain gauge adjustment and thus require new approaches by the community. The evaluation identifies a wet bias by Q2Rad in the central plains and the South and then introduces intermediate products to explain it. Finally, this study provides estimates of uncertainty using the radar quality index product for both Q2Rad and the gauge-corrected Q2RadGC daily precipitation products. This error quantification should be useful to the satellite QPE community who use Q2 products as a reference. C1 [Chen, Sheng; Hong, Yang; Flamig, Zachary L.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Chen, Sheng; Hong, Yang; Kirstetter, P. E.; Hu, Junjun] Univ Oklahoma, Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Chen, Sheng; Hong, Yang; Kirstetter, P. E.; Hu, Junjun] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.; Kirstetter, P. E.; Zhang, Jian; Howard, Kenneth; Flamig, Zachary L.; Qi, Youcun] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Hu, Junjun] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Qi, Youcun] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Gourley, JJ (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jj.gourley@noaa.gov RI Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016 OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755 FU Atmospheric Radar Research Center; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX The authors acknowledge the Atmospheric Radar Research Center's financial support. NOAA/NSSL is greatly acknowledged for providing the Q2 data. Partial funding for this work has been provided by the NASA Global Precipitation Measuring Ground Validation Program. Partial funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. We appreciate the comments from two anonymous reviewers who helped improve the quality of the manuscript. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1308 EP 1322 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-0150.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 240FC UT WOS:000326079300017 ER PT J AU Werner, K Yeager, K AF Werner, Kevin Yeager, Kristen TI Challenges in Forecasting the 2011 Runoff Season in the Colorado Basin SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE North America; Rivers; Forecast verification; skill; Forecasting ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE; RIVER; SATELLITE AB Historically large snowpack across the upper Colorado basin and the Great Basin in 2011 presented the potential for widespread and severe flooding. While widespread flooding did occur, its impacts were largely moderated through a combination of sustained cool weather during the melt season and mitigation measures based on forecasts. The potential for more severe flooding persisted from April through the first part of July as record-high snowpacks slowly melted. NOAA's Colorado Basin River Forecast Center (CBRFC) is the primary office responsible for generating river forecasts in support of emergency and water management within the Colorado River basin. This paper describes the 2011 runoff season in the basin and examines the skill of CBRFC forecasts for that season. The primary goal of this paper is to raise awareness of the research and development areas that could, if successfully integrated into the CBRFC river forecasting system, improve forecasts in similar situations in the future. The authors identify three areas of potential forecast improvement: 1) improving week two to seasonal weather and climate predictions, 2) incorporation of remotely sensed snow-covered area, and 3) improving coordination between reservoir operations and forecasts. C1 [Werner, Kevin; Yeager, Kristen] NOAA, Colorado Basin River Forecast Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. RP Werner, K (reprint author), NOAA, Colorado Basin River Forecast Ctr, 2242 West North Temple, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. EM kevin.werner@noaa.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1364 EP 1371 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-055.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 240FC UT WOS:000326079300022 ER PT J AU Pastor, MV Palter, JB Pelegri, JL Dunne, JP AF Pastor, M. V. Palter, J. B. Pelegri, J. L. Dunne, J. P. TI Physical drivers of interannual chlorophyll variability in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE chlorophyll variability; subtropical North Atlantic; sea surface height; ocean general circulation model; upwelling ID SEA-SURFACE; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION; OCEAN CHLOROPHYLL; UPWELLING SYSTEMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WIND-STRESS; BASIN-SCALE; BOUNDARY; CIRCULATION AB Interannual chlorophyll variability and its driving mechanisms are evaluated in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic, where elevated surface chlorophyll concentrations regularly extend more than 1500 km into the central subtropical North Atlantic and modulate the areal extent of the North Atlantic's lowest chlorophyll waters. We first characterize the considerable interannual variability in the size of the high chlorophyll region using SeaWiFS satellite data. We then evaluate the relationship between satellite chlorophyll and sea surface height (SSH), which are anticorrelated in the study region, most likely as a result of the inverse relationship between SSH and nutricline depth. To put these results in a longer temporal context, we study a hindcast simulation of a global ocean model with biogeochemistry (GFDL's MOM4.1 with TOPAZ biogeochemistry), after evaluating the model's skill at simulating chlorophyll and SSH relative to observations. In the simulation, the variability seen during the satellite era appears to be imbedded in a much larger multidecadal modulation. The drivers of such variability are assessed by evaluating all the terms in the nutrient budget of the euphotic zone. Because diffusive processes are not a dominant control on nutrient supply, stratification is not a good indicator of nutrient supply. Rather, vertical advection of nutrients, strongly tied to Ekman pumping, is the leading driver of variability in the size of the high chlorophyll region and the productivity within the study area. C1 [Pastor, M. V.; Pelegri, J. L.] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Mar, Dept Oceanog Fis, ES-08003 Barcelona, Spain. [Palter, J. B.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Dunne, J. P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Pastor, MV (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Ciencies Mar, Dept Oceanog Fis, Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 37-49, ES-08003 Barcelona, Spain. EM mpastormolla@gmail.com RI Pelegri, Josep/L-5815-2014 OI Pelegri, Josep/0000-0003-0661-2190 FU NSF's International Research Fellowship Program; NOAA; McGill University; NSERC Discovery; Spanish government through project MOC2 [CTM2008-06438-C02-01]; Spanish government through project TIC-MOC [CTM2011-28867]; Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas FX The authors thank three anonymous reviewers and Editor Frank Bryan for insightful comments. The authors also gratefully acknowledge Jorge L. Sarmiento for his useful comments and for hosting M. V. P. at Princeton University. J.B.P. is grateful for funding from NSF's International Research Fellowship Program, NOAA, McGill University, and NSERC Discovery. M. V. P. and J.L.P. acknowledge funding from the Spanish government through projects MOC2 (ref. CTM2008-06438-C02-01) and TIC-MOC (ref. CTM2011-28867). M. V. P. would like to acknowledge Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas for funding through an I3P grant. NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG PY 2013 VL 118 IS 8 BP 3871 EP 3886 DI 10.1002/jgrc.20254 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 224XX UT WOS:000324927000010 ER PT J AU Liu, YN Yvon-Lewis, SA Thornton, DCO Butler, JH Bianchi, TS Campbell, L Hu, L Smith, RW AF Liu, Yina Yvon-Lewis, Shari A. Thornton, Daniel C. O. Butler, James H. Bianchi, Thomas S. Campbell, Lisa Hu, Lei Smith, Richard W. TI Spatial and temporal distributions of bromoform and dibromomethane in the Atlantic Ocean and their relationship with photosynthetic biomass SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE bromoform; dibromomethane; VSLS; halocarbon; pigment biomarkers ID METHYL-BROMIDE; HALOGENATED METHANES; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; NATURAL-WATERS; GAS-EXCHANGE; ICE ALGAE; SEAWATER; BROMOPEROXIDASE; HALOCARBONS; ATMOSPHERE AB Atmospheric mixing ratios and seawater concentrations of bromoform (CHBr3), dibromomethane (CH2Br2), and other brominated very short-lived substances (BrVSLS) were measured during five cruises from 1994 to 2010. These cruises were conducted over large latitudinal (62 degrees N-60 degrees S) and longitudinal transects (11 degrees W-86 degrees W) in the Atlantic Ocean. Elevated seawater concentrations of CHBr3 and CH2Br2 were often observed in regions where chlorophyll a concentrations were also elevated, which suggests biogeochemical processes associated with photosynthetic biomass may be related to CHBr3 and CH2Br2 production. Our results suggest that, at least in the open ocean, several phytoplankton taxa may contribute to the production of these trace gases. While observed correlations between CHBr3 and CH2Br2 in different regions are usually interpreted as common sources for these compounds, results in this study suggest different biogeochemical processes may contribute separately to the production of these trace gases. Heterotrophic bacterial abundance was significantly correlated with CH2Br2, but not with CHBr3, which suggests the biogeochemical processes associated with heterotrophic bacteria may be related to CH2Br2 in seawater but probably not to CHBr3. In general, the Atlantic Ocean is a net source for CHBr3 and CH2Br2, except for a few locations where these trace gases were undersaturated in seawater. Assuming fluxes measured in the Atlantic open ocean are globally representative, the resulting extrapolated, global open-ocean annual net sea-to-air fluxes calculated from data from the five cruises was estimated at 0.24-3.80 Gmol Br yr(-1) for CHBr3 and 0.11-0.77 Gmol Br yr(-1) for CH2Br2. C1 [Liu, Yina; Yvon-Lewis, Shari A.; Thornton, Daniel C. O.; Bianchi, Thomas S.; Campbell, Lisa; Hu, Lei; Smith, Richard W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Butler, James H.; Hu, Lei] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Bianchi, Thomas S.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. [Smith, Richard W.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT USA. RP Liu, YN (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM yliu@ocean.tamu.edu RI Campbell, Lisa/E-6587-2011; Liu, Yina/C-1522-2017 OI Campbell, Lisa/0000-0003-2756-2743; Liu, Yina/0000-0002-3485-7542 FU National Science Foundation [OCE 0927874] FX We would like to thank the captains and crew members on the NOAA ship R/V Ron Brown and the German vessel FS Polarstern. We would like to thank the anonymous reviewer for his/her constructive comments and inspiring insights. This work was supported, in part, by National Science Foundation grant OCE 0927874 to S. A.Y-L. NR 67 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 46 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG PY 2013 VL 118 IS 8 BP 3950 EP 3965 DI 10.1002/jgrc.20299 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 224XX UT WOS:000324927000015 ER PT J AU Jaynes, AN Lessard, MR Rodriguez, JV Donovan, E Loto'aniu, TM Rychert, K AF Jaynes, A. N. Lessard, M. R. Rodriguez, J. V. Donovan, E. Loto'aniu, T. M. Rychert, K. TI Pulsating auroral electron flux modulations in the equatorial magnetosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE pulsating aurora; magnetosphere-ionosphere interaction; energetic particle precipitation; equatorial magnetosphere; aurora; electron scattering ID LOW-FREQUENCY EMISSIONS; PITCH-ANGLE DIFFUSION; VLF-EMISSIONS; MORNINGSIDE AURORAE; LOSS CONE; CHORUS; PRECIPITATION; CONJUGATE; ORIGIN; REGION AB In this study, we present the first in situ continuous measurements of electron flux modulations in the near-equatorial magnetosphere correlated with pulsating aurora (PA) observations. The contested conjecture that the source of these electrons originates near the equator, made decades ago using sounding rocket data, has now been confirmed using this data. We compared the frequencies of equatorial electron flux pulsations and PA luminosity fluctuations at their ionospheric footprint, using simultaneous satellite- and ground-based data from GOES13 and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) instrumentation. Observations of PA were obtained on 15 March 2008 using a THEMIS All-Sky Imager (ASI) located in northern Canada. The field line footprint of the geostationary GOES13 satellite, mapped down to the ionosphere at approximate to 100km, falls within the field-of-view of the ASI. We examined electron flux data from the Magnetospheric Electron Detector (MAGED) on GOES13, in the energy range of 30 to 50keV, by computing an array of the correlation coefficients between the pixel luminosity for each individual pixel of the ASI images and the flux measurements at the satellite. The results reveal a direct correlation between diffuse luminosity fluctuation periods near the ground and particle pulsation periods. The time variance between the two data sets was examined in order to explore the validity of the equatorial source region premise. The resulting time lag of <1s in the PA measurements is consistent with this claim. We also report on a preliminary quantification of the loss cone using the MAGED telescope response functions. C1 [Jaynes, A. N.; Lessard, M. R.; Rychert, K.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Rodriguez, J. V.; Loto'aniu, T. M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rodriguez, J. V.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Donovan, E.] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Loto'aniu, T. M.] Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Jaynes, AN (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, 8 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM a.jaynes@unh.edu OI Donovan, Eric/0000-0002-8557-4155 FU NASA [NNX10AL85H]; NSF [1141987]; GOES-R Risk Reduction Program; Canadian Space Agency; National Science Foundation FX This research was supported by NASA grant NNX10AL85H and NSF award 1141987. The work at CIRES was supported by the GOES-R Risk Reduction Program. The operation and provision of data from the THEMIS ASI at The Pas is supported by the Canadian Space Agency and the National Science Foundation through contracts held by E. Donovan and H. Frey, respectively. NR 62 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 118 IS 8 BP 4884 EP 4894 DI 10.1002/jgra.50434 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 225VK UT WOS:000324992300016 ER PT J AU Wainwright, TC Weitkamp, LA AF Wainwright, Thomas C. Weitkamp, Laurie A. TI Effects of Climate Change on Oregon Coast Coho Salmon: Habitat and Life-Cycle Interactions SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE climate change effects; life-cycle assessment; habitat; Pacific salmon; conservation ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; WIRE TAG RECOVERIES; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CHINOOK SALMON; UNITED-STATES; COLUMBIA RIVER; WATER TEMPERATURE; MARINE SURVIVAL AB Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) populations that spawn in the coastal rivers of Oregon, U.S.A., formerly supported robust fisheries but are now listed as a "threatened species" under the U. S. Endangered Species Act. Climate change is an increasing concern in salmon conservation, and we assess the effects of climate change on sustainability of this population group. Four distinct habitats are important to different life-history stages of coho salmon: terrestrial forests, freshwater rivers and lakes, estuaries, and the ocean. Each of these habitats is affected by multiple aspects of climate change, resulting in a complex web of pathways influencing sustainability. We summarize regional climate change studies to predict future climate patterns affecting these habitats, identify the ecological pathways by which these patterns affect coho salmon, and review coho salmon ecology to assess the likely direction and magnitude of population response. Despite substantial uncertainties in specific effects and variations in effects among populations, the preponderance of negative effects throughout the life cycle indicates a significant climate-driven risk to future sustainability of these populations. We recommend that management policies for all four habitats focus on maximizing resilience to the effects of climate change as it interacts with other natural and anthropogenic changes. C1 [Wainwright, Thomas C.; Weitkamp, Laurie A.] NOAA, Newport Res Stn, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Wainwright, TC (reprint author), NOAA, Newport Res Stn, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2032 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM thomas.wainwright@noaa.gov RI Wainwright, Thomas/F-4550-2010 OI Wainwright, Thomas/0000-0001-5147-479X NR 181 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 70 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 87 IS 3 BP 219 EP 242 DI 10.3955/046.087.0305 PG 24 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 229MZ UT WOS:000325271800003 ER PT J AU Azari, H Mohseni, A AF Azari, Haleh Mohseni, Alaeddin TI Effect of short-term conditioning and long-term ageing on permanent deformation characteristics of asphalt mixtures SO ROAD MATERIALS AND PAVEMENT DESIGN LA English DT Article DE asphalt mixtures; rutting; permanent deformation; repeated load; strain rate; short-term conditioning; long-term ageing AB Quantification of the effect of short-term conditioning and long-term ageing on the permanent deformation properties of asphalt mixtures is important for a reasonable estimation of rutting in the field. As the asphalt industry continues to develop more sophisticated mixtures, measuring the effect of short-term conditioning and long-term ageing on performance becomes even more critical. Significantly, more pavement are being built with reclaimed asphalt pavement, shingles, and warm mix asphalts, which may age very differently from mixtures with virgin asphalt. The use of warm mix asphalt in particular is rapidly increasing, which tend to soften the mixture in the early life of the pavement and impose a complex challenge for determining appropriate laboratory and field conditioning. For these reasons, it is critical that more precise determination of the effect of ageing on permanent deformation properties of asphalt mixtures to be made. This study proposes a new methodology that could be used in conjunction with the design of conventional asphalt mixtures and any new asphalt technology. Using incremental repeated load permanent deformation (iRLPD) test, which is the basis of the new methodology, the effect of short-term conditioning and long-term ageing on the permanent deformation properties of asphalt specimens can be evaluated. The minimum strain rate (MSR) property from the iRLPD test, measured before and after the ageing process, will show the rate of ageing and rate of change in the mixtures' rutting performance. In this study, six mixtures were tested according to the iRLPD procedure and the ageing effect on permanent deformation properties of the mixtures was quantified. It is shown that different asphalt mixtures age in very different ways and this will significantly affect their short-term and long-term rutting performances. In addition, it was found that there exist a significant interdependence between short-term conditioning and long-term ageing of asphalt mixtures. Thus, adequate short-term conditioning is important for acceptable long-term rutting performance. The MSR master curve from the iRLPD test provided the necessary information for estimating rutting, considering the effect of temperature, tyre pressure, and ageing. In this respect, rut depths of the six mixtures were estimated using the hourly pavement temperatures for a 20-year period. C1 [Azari, Haleh] NIST, AASHTO Adv Pavement Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mohseni, Alaeddin] Pavement Syst Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Azari, H (reprint author), NIST, AASHTO Adv Pavement Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM azari@aaprl.org NR 10 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1468-0629 J9 ROAD MATER PAVEMENT JI Road Mater. Pavement Des. PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 14 SU 2 SI SI BP 79 EP 91 DI 10.1080/14680629.2013.812833 PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 221PL UT WOS:000324670700005 ER PT J AU Linteris, GT Lyon, RE Stoliarov, SI AF Linteris, G. T. Lyon, R. E. Stoliarov, S. I. TI Prediction of the gasification rate of thermoplastic polymers in fire-like environments SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Materials flammability; Gasification; Cone calorimetry; Pyrolysis model; Fire dynamics simulator; Thermakin ID THERMAL-DEGRADATION; HEAT; CONDUCTIVITY; RADIATION; SAMPLES; PMMA AB The present work explores the extent to which the time-dependent mass loss rate of four common thermoplastics, polypropylene, polyamide 6,6, polyoxymethylene, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), when exposed to pure radiant heat flux, can be predicted from first principles. The material properties which control the mass loss, and are required for input to the numerical models, are measured in independent laboratory tests, and presented. The mass loss rate for each polymer is measured in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) gasification device and predicted using two numerical models for pyrolysis: the NIST Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) model Thermakin. For three of the polymers, the models often gave results in very close agreement with each other, and in good agreement with those of the experiments for most of the mass loss period. Nonetheless, for PET, the agreement was good only in the initial stages of heating and mass loss, when less than 3% of the mass loss had occurred, and for POM, good agreement required a different value of the heat of reaction (from the one measured for this polymer). Parametric analyses are used to explore the influence of each measured parameter on the mass loss rate and the agreement between modeling and the experiments, and to explain discrepancies between the modeling and experiment when they exist. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Linteris, G. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lyon, R. E.] Atlant City Int Airport, WJ Hughes Tech Ctr, Fed Aviat Adm, Airport & Aircraft Safety Res & Dev Div, Atlanta, NJ 08405 USA. [Stoliarov, S. I.] Univ Maryland, Dept Fire Protect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Linteris, GT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM linteris@nist.gov NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 60 BP 14 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2013.03.018 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 223ZI UT WOS:000324850600002 ER PT J AU Mahlstein, I Daniel, JS Solomon, S AF Mahlstein, Irina Daniel, John S. Solomon, Susan TI Pace of shifts in climate regions increases with global temperature SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID WORLD; CLASSIFICATION; PRECIPITATION; HEAT AB Human-induced climate change causes significant changes in local climates(1,2), which in turn lead to changes in regional climate zones. Large shifts in the world distribution of Kppen-Geiger climate classifications by the end of this century have been projected(3). However, only a few studies have analysed the pace of these shifts in climate zones(4,5), and none has analysed whether the pace itself changes with increasing global mean temperature. In this study, pace refers to the rate at which climate zones change as a function of amount of global warming. Here we show that present climate projections suggest that the pace of shifting climate zones increases approximately linearly with increasing global temperature. Using the RCP8.5 emissions pathway, the pace nearly doubles by the end of this century and about 20% of all land area undergoes a change in its original climate. This implies that species will have increasingly less time to adapt to Koppen zone changes in the future, which is expected to increase the risk of extinction(5). C1 [Mahlstein, Irina] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mahlstein, Irina; Daniel, John S.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Solomon, Susan] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Mahlstein, I (reprint author), MeteoSwiss, CH-8044 Zurich, Switzerland. EM irina.mahlstein@meteoswiss.ch RI Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 22 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 39 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 3 IS 8 BP 739 EP 743 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1876 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 219EB UT WOS:000324487400023 ER PT J AU Holloway, CL Ruehli, AE AF Holloway, Christopher L. Ruehli, Albert E. TI Introduction to Special Section Honoring Dr. Clayton R. Paul SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Holloway, Christopher L.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Electromagnet Div, US Dept Commerce, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ruehli, Albert E.] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Ruehli, Albert E.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO USA. RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Electromagnet Div, US Dept Commerce, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM holloway@boulder.nist.gov; albert.ruehli@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 55 IS 4 BP 598 EP 599 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2013.2264295 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 194SJ UT WOS:000322652700001 ER PT J AU Holloway, CL Kuester, EF Ruehli, AE Antonini, G AF Holloway, Christopher L. Kuester, Edward F. Ruehli, Albert E. Antonini, Giulio TI Partial and Internal Inductance: Two of Clayton R. Paul's Many Passions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE External inductance; inductance; internal inductance; partial inductance; skin effect ID LOSSY TRANSMISSION-LINES; PRINTED-CIRCUIT BOARDS; CONDUCTOR LOSS; COMMON-MODE; SIMULATION; PLANE AB Inductance is one of the fundamental defined parameters in electromagnetics and it takes on a variety of formulations and definitions in the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) community. The concept of inductance in its many definitions, uses, and caveats was central among Dr. Clayton R. Paul's contributions to the EMC community. In this paper, we discuss the various aspects of inductance which Dr. Paul helped to pioneer. In particular, the concepts of partial inductance and internal inductance (including skin effect) were two of his passions. This paper will both serve as a summary of Dr. Paul's work on inductance as well as show how his work helped pioneer new research in this area. C1 [Holloway, Christopher L.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, US Dept Commerce, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kuester, Edward F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ruehli, Albert E.] IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Antonini, Giulio] Univ Aquila, UAq EMC Lab, Dipartimento Ingn Ind & Informaz & Econ, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, US Dept Commerce, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM holloway@boulder.nist.gov; Edward.Kuester@Colorado.EDU; albert.ruehli@gmail.com; giulio.antonini@univaq.it OI Antonini, Giulio/0000-0001-5433-6173 NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 55 IS 4 BP 600 EP 613 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2013.2253470 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 194SJ UT WOS:000322652700002 ER PT J AU Pirkl, RJ AF Pirkl, Ryan J. TI Spatial Autocovariances of Scattering Parameters Measured in a Lossy Reverberation Chamber SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE Autocorrelation; autocovariance; reverberation chamber; scattering parameters; spatial correlation function; stochastic plane-wave spectrum ID RADIATED SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST; CRITICAL COMPONENT; ANTENNAS; MOBILE; FIELDS; EQUIPMENT; CHANNEL; THEOREM; STRESS AB We derive a statistical model for the spatial autocovariance of two-port scattering parameters measured in a high-loss reverberation chamber for single-mode antennas. The theoretical model accounts for first-order antenna-antenna and antenna-environment interactions arising from scattering off the measurement antennas. The model is shown to provide a good description of the empirical spatial autocovariances calculated from measurements of scattering parameters in a reverberation chamber for different loading configurations. This provides new insight into the complex antenna-antenna and antenna-environment interactions that occur in reverberation chamber measurements. Additional applications include reducing the correlation between reverberation chamber measurements obtained with position stirring and measuring the orientation-averaged total scattering cross section of arbitrary structures. C1 [Pirkl, Ryan J.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, RF Fields Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Pirkl, RJ (reprint author), AT&T, Austin, TX 78705 USA. EM rpirkl@gmail.com OI Pirkl, Ryan/0000-0001-8803-3154 FU National Research Council FX This work was supported by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 55 IS 4 BP 671 EP 682 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2012.2234127 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 194SJ UT WOS:000322652700009 ER PT J AU Lafferty, WJ Flaud, JM Tchana, K Fernandez, JM AF Lafferty, W. J. Flaud, J. -M. Tchana, Kwabia Fernandez, J. M. TI Raman and infrared spectra of the (1) band of oxirane SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE oxirane; high-resolution infrared; Raman; molecular constants ID ASYMMETRIC-TOP MOLECULES; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; ASSIGNMENTS AB Fourier transform spectra of oxirane [ethylene oxide (c-C2H4O)] have been recorded in the 3.17m-3.50m region with a resolution of 0.005cm(- 1). In addition, a Raman spectrum covering the same spectral region was recorded at a resolution of 0.44cm(- 1). Using the Raman spectrum, it was possible to determine the band centre of the (1) band to within 0.5cm(- 1). This determination was essential to assign the infrared region transitions of the B-type (1) band since this weak band is masked by the much stronger A-type bands (2) + (10) and (9) and (13) C-type band. Using a Watson-type Hamiltonian for an asymmetric-top molecule, it was possible to reproduce the observed energy levels to within 2 x 10(- 3) cm(- 1) and the Raman spectrum could be satisfactorily modelled. The band centre was determined to be (0) ((1)) = 3018.3454(10) cm(- 1) (1 sigma uncertainty). C1 [Lafferty, W. J.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Flaud, J. -M.; Tchana, Kwabia] UPEC, LISA, UMR CNRS, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Flaud, J. -M.; Tchana, Kwabia] UPD, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Fernandez, J. M.] CSIC, Inst Estruct Mat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. RP Flaud, JM (reprint author), UPEC, LISA, UMR CNRS, 61 Ave Gen Gaulle, F-94010 Creteil, France. EM flaud@lisa.u-pec.fr RI Fernandez, Jose/B-7728-2015 OI Fernandez, Jose/0000-0002-6636-7978 FU Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [FIS2010-22064-C02] FX This work has been partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion through Grant FIS2010-22064-C02. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 111 IS 14-15 SI SI BP 1983 EP 1986 DI 10.1080/00268976.2013.775516 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 211BR UT WOS:000323879600005 ER PT J AU Fiore, JL Nesbitt, DJ AF Fiore, Julie L. Nesbitt, David J. TI An RNA folding motif : GNRA tetraloop-receptor interactions SO QUARTERLY REVIEWS OF BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID GROUP-I INTRON; RANGE TERTIARY INTERACTIONS; LARGE RIBOSOMAL-SUBUNIT; DI-GMP RIBOSWITCH; X-RAY-SCATTERING; GAAA TETRALOOP; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SINGLE-MOLECULE; TRANSITION-STATE; RIBONUCLEASE-P AB Nearly two decades after Westhof and Michel first proposed that RNA tetraloops may interact with distal helices, tetraloop-receptor interactions have been recognized as ubiquitous elements of RNA tertiary structure. The unique architecture of GNRA tetraloops (N = any nucleotide, R = purine) enables interaction with a variety of receptors, e. g., helical minor grooves and asymmetric internal loops. The most common example of the latter is the GAAA tetraloop-11 nt tetraloop receptor motif. Biophysical characterization of this motif provided evidence for the modularity of RNA structure, with applications spanning improved crystallization methods to RNA tectonics. In this review, we identify and compare types of GNRA tetraloop-receptor interactions. Then we explore the abundance of structural, kinetic, and thermodynamic information on the frequently occurring and most widely studied GAAA tetraloop-11 nt receptor motif. Studies of this interaction have revealed powerful paradigms for structural assembly of RNA, as well as providing new insights into the roles of cations, transition states and protein chaperones in RNA folding pathways. However, further research will clearly be necessary to characterize other tetraloop-receptor and long-range tertiary binding interactions in detail - an important milestone in the quantitative prediction of free energy landscapes for RNA folding. C1 [Fiore, Julie L.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation [CHE 1012685]; Optical Science and Engineering Program NSF-IGERT; National Institutes of Health/University of Colorado Biophysics Training [T32 GM-065103] FX This work was funded through the National Science Foundation (CHE 1012685), with additional help from the National Institute for Standards and Technology. J. L. F. was supported in part by the Optical Science and Engineering Program NSF-IGERT and National Institutes of Health/University of Colorado Biophysics Training (T32 GM-065103) grant. We would like to thank Dr Samuel Butcher for many helpful discussions in preparation of this manuscript. NR 136 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 8 U2 26 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0033-5835 EI 1469-8994 J9 Q REV BIOPHYS JI Q. Rev. Biophys. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 46 IS 3 BP 223 EP 264 DI 10.1017/S0033583513000048 PG 42 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 219JG UT WOS:000324501500001 PM 23915736 ER PT J AU Arrington, CL McKay, KS Baca, ED Coleman, JJ Colombe, Y Finnegan, P Hite, DA Hollowell, AE Jordens, R Jost, JD Leibfried, D Rowen, AM Warring, U Weides, M Wilson, AC Wineland, DJ Pappas, DP AF Arrington, Christian L. McKay, Kyle S. Baca, Ehren D. Coleman, Jonathan J. Colombe, Yves Finnegan, Patrick Hite, Dustin A. Hollowell, Andrew E. Joerdens, Robert Jost, John D. Leibfried, Dietrich Rowen, Adam M. Warring, Ulrich Weides, Martin Wilson, Andrew C. Wineland, David J. Pappas, David P. TI Micro-fabricated stylus ion trap SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID LITHOGRAPHY AB An electroformed, three-dimensional stylus Paul trap was designed to confine a single atomic ion for use as a sensor to probe the electric-field noise of proximate surfaces. The trap was microfabricated with the UV-LIGA technique to reduce the distance of the ion from the surface of interest. We detail the fabrication process used to produce a 150 mu m tall stylus trap with feature sizes of 40 mu m. We confined single, laser-cooled, Mg-25(+) ions with lifetimes greater than 2 h above the stylus trap in an ultra-high-vacuum environment. After cooling a motional mode of the ion at 4 MHz close to its ground state (< n > = 0.34 +/- 0.07), the heating rate of the trap was measured with Raman side-band spectroscopy to be 387 +/- 15 quanta/s at an ion height of 62 mu m above the stylus electrodes. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Arrington, Christian L.; Baca, Ehren D.; Coleman, Jonathan J.; Finnegan, Patrick; Hollowell, Andrew E.; Rowen, Adam M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [McKay, Kyle S.; Colombe, Yves; Hite, Dustin A.; Joerdens, Robert; Jost, John D.; Leibfried, Dietrich; Warring, Ulrich; Weides, Martin; Wilson, Andrew C.; Wineland, David J.; Pappas, David P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Arrington, CL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM clarrin@sandia.gov; kyle.mckay@nist.gov RI Weides, Martin/C-1470-2009; OI Weides, Martin/0000-0002-2718-6795; Jordens, Robert/0000-0001-5333-0562 FU IARPA under ARO [DNI-017389]; ONR; NIST Quantum Information program FX This work was supported by IARPA under ARO Contract No. DNI-017389, ONR, and the NIST Quantum Information program. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 84 IS 8 AR 085001 DI 10.1063/1.4817304 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 211YC UT WOS:000323947400052 PM 24007096 ER PT J AU Miller, DL Keller, MW Shaw, JM Rice, KP Keller, RR Diederichsen, KM AF Miller, David L. Keller, Mark W. Shaw, Justin M. Rice, Katherine P. Keller, Robert R. Diederichsen, Kyle M. TI Giant secondary grain growth in Cu films on sapphire SO AIP ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID COPPER-ALUMINA INTERFACES; THIN-FILMS; ORIENTATION RELATIONSHIPS; GRAPHENE AB Single crystal metal films on insulating substrates are attractive for microelectronics and other applications, but they are difficult to achieve on macroscopic length scales. The conventional approach to obtaining such films is epitaxial growth at high temperature using slow deposition in ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Here we describe a different approach that is both simpler to implement and produces superior results: sputter deposition at modest temperatures followed by annealing to induce secondary grain growth. We show that polycrystalline as-deposited Cu on alpha-Al2O3(0001) can be transformed into Cu(111) with centimeter-sized grains. Employing optical microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and electron backscatter diffraction to characterize the films before and after annealing, we find a particular as-deposited grain structure that promotes the growth of giant grains upon annealing. To demonstrate one potential application of such films, we grow graphene by chemical vapor deposition on wafers of annealed Cu and obtain epitaxial graphene grains of 0.2 mm diameter. This is a work of the U. S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States. C1 [Miller, David L.; Keller, Mark W.; Shaw, Justin M.; Rice, Katherine P.; Keller, Robert R.; Diederichsen, Kyle M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Miller, DL (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM david.miller@nist.gov; mark.keller@nist.gov RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Rice, Katherine/0000-0003-3942-7258; Diederichsen, Kyle/0000-0002-6787-7996 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 64 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2158-3226 J9 AIP ADV JI AIP Adv. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 3 IS 8 AR 082105 DI 10.1063/1.4817829 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 210PA UT WOS:000323845000005 ER PT J AU Long, WC Sellers, AJ Hines, AH AF Long, W. Christopher Sellers, Andrew J. Hines, Anson H. TI Mechanism by which coarse woody debris affects predation and community structure in Chesapeake Bay SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Blue crab; Coarse woody debris; Community structure; Grass shrimp; Mummichog; Predation ID HABITAT COMPLEXITY; FORAGING SUCCESS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; SHALLOW-WATER; FISH HABITAT; BLUE CRABS; FOOD-WEB; STREAM; RIVER; REFUGE AB Coarse woody debris (CWD) provides a structured habitat in aquatic systems. It is associated with a higher abundance, diversity, and productivity of aquatic animals and can provide a shelter from physical stressors and predation. We investigated the effects of CWD on predation risk and community structure in two field experiments in the Rhode River, Chesapeake Bay. In the first experiment we assessed the effects of the orientation (horizontal or vertical) and complexity (simple or crossed) of CWD, and in the second experiment we investigated the effects of interstitial space (ISS). We measured predation risk in a tethering experiment for three species in each experiment: juvenile blue crab, Callinectes sapidus; mummichog (a type of killifish), Fundulus heteroditus; and grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio. These three species are common in nearshore Chesapeake Bay habitats but differ in their size and habitat use, allowing for a holistic examination of the function of CWD. At the end of the experiments, the benthic community inhabiting the CWD was sampled. By interpreting the community data in light of the predation experiments we were able to examine how the structural characteristics of the CWD affected predation to shape the benthic community. In the first experiment, lowest predation was experienced by blue crabs at the treatments with high complexity at the sediment surface, by mummichogs at all CWD treatments relative to control plots, and by grass shrimp in horizontally oriented treatments. In the second experiment, lowest predation was experienced by blue crabs at moderate to high ISSs, by mummichogs at intermediate ISSs, and by grass shrimp at low and high ISSs. Predation rates for each experimental species could be predicted by the size of the prey, and by both the size of their predators and the size of species that prey on the predators relative to the ISS of the structure. Community structure differed among treatments in both experiments and appeared to be driven primarily by predation risk; species whose predators were in high abundance in a treatment were less abundant themselves. This work demonstrates the importance of CWD and of wooded shorelines as important habitat for both economically and ecologically important species. It also highlights the importance of top-down forcing in the small scale community dynamics of these near-shore habitats. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Long, W. Christopher; Sellers, Andrew J.; Hines, Anson H.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Long, WC (reprint author), NOAA, Kodiak Lab, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, 301 Res Ct, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM chris.long@noaa.gov RI Long, William/C-7074-2009 OI Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245 FU Marine Science Network Fellowship from the Smithsonian Institution; NOAA grant through the Blue Crab Advanced Research Consortium; NSF Grant for Research Experience for Undergraduates FX We thank Lela Schlenker, Laila Melendez, Paige Roberts, Margaret Kramer, and the other members of the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center crab lab for the help with field and laboratory work, the SERC invasions lab for shrimp tethering lessons, and Robert Aguilar for the help in identifying fish and running statistics. WCL was supported by a Marine Science Network Fellowship from the Smithsonian Institution and AS was supported by an Internship funded by NOAA grant through the Blue Crab Advanced Research Consortium to AHH and NSF Grant for Research Experience for Undergraduates. Comments from Jordana Long, Ben Daily, Frank Morado, Robert Foy, and two anonymous reviewers substantially improved previous versions of the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. [ST] NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 446 BP 297 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2013.05.021 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 201JZ UT WOS:000323139200037 ER PT J AU Ryer, CH Spencer, ML Iseri, P Knoth, BA Laurel, BJ Stoner, AW AF Ryer, Clifford H. Spencer, Mara L. Iseri, Paul Knoth, Brian A. Laurel, Benjamin J. Stoner, Allen W. TI Polychaete worm tubes modify juvenile northern rock sole Lepidopsetta polyxystra depth distribution in Kodiak nurseries SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biogenic habitat; Juvenile flatfish; Refuge; Sabellides sibirica; Video sled ID WINTER FLOUNDER; LANICE-CONCHILEGA; HABITAT STRUCTURE; ALASKA NURSERY; PREDATION RISK; SEA-FLOOR; FLATFISH; ABUNDANCE; ESTUARY; PACIFIC AB We have observed inter-annual variability in the depth distribution of juvenile northern rock sole Lepidopsetta polyxystra on their nursery grounds around Kodiak Island, Alaska. This study evaluates whether this variability is a response to inter-annual changes in the availability of habitat created by polychaete tubes; principally Sabellides sibirica. We suspect that worm tubes constitute an alternative refuge and/or feeding habitat for juvenile flatfish. Accordingly, we hypothesized that during years of low worm abundance, fish would concentrate in the shallows (<10 m depth) where they find refuge from predation, but would move to greater depths (>15 m, where the worms occur) during years when the worms were abundant. Using data on worm abundance and fish density over 5 yr, we tested this hypothesis at 2 Kodiak nursery embayments. Whether worms were abundant in a given year or embayment had no influence on overall fish abundance, however, worm abundance did influence juvenile flatfish depth distributions. At Holiday Beach, where worms tended to be scarce, fish were typically concentrated in shallow water. However, during the 1 year when worms were abundant, fish were concentrated in deeper water. At Pillar Creek Cove, where worms are more regularly found, fish tended to concentrate in deeper water, the exception being the one year when worms were nearly absent. Regression analysis for both sites and all years indicated that the percent of fish occupying shallow water (<10 m) decreased with increasing worm abundance. When worms were prevalent, fish were most commonly found on bottom with sparse to moderate worm cover, but avoided bottom where the worms were so dense as to form a 'turf'. These results demonstrate that the geographic and inter-annual variation in worm tube abundance has significant influence over the distribution of juvenile northern rock sole. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ryer, Clifford H.; Spencer, Mara L.; Iseri, Paul; Knoth, Brian A.; Laurel, Benjamin J.; Stoner, Allen W.] NOAA Fisheries, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Ryer, CH (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2030 Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM cliff.ryer@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board [R0301, 430]; Habitat and Ecosystems Processes Research (HEPR) program of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries FX We wish to thank T. Tripp and E. Munk for assistance with the field portions of this project. K. Swiney and R. Foy provided logistical support at the Kodiak Research Center. This work was supported by a Grant (R0301) from the North Pacific Research Board (contribution #430) and the Habitat and Ecosystems Processes Research (HEPR) program of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries. [SS] NR 49 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 446 BP 311 EP 319 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2013.05.026 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 201JZ UT WOS:000323139200039 ER PT J AU Rosa, M Ward, JE Shumway, SE Wikfors, GH Pales-Espinosa, E Allam, B AF Rosa, Maria Ward, J. Evan Shumway, Sandra E. Wikfors, Gary H. Pales-Espinosa, Emmanuelle Allam, Bassem TI Effects of particle surface properties on feeding selectivity in the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica and the blue mussel Mytilus edulis SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bivalve feeding; Crassostrea virginica; Mussel; Mytilus edulis; Oyster; Particle selection ID SUSPENSION-FEEDERS; BIVALVES; GIGAS; QUALITY; EFFICIENCY; MOLECULES; MIXTURES; DETRITUS; ADHESION; CAPTURE AB The mechanisms by which bivalve molluscs differentiate among particles are not clearly understood. Recent evidence suggests that particle selection by bivalves can be mediated by interactions between carbohydrates attached to a particle's surface and lectins present in the mucus covering the feeding organs. The physicochemical surface properties of particles have also been proposed as factors contributing to particle selection. In this study, we examined the effects of surface charge and wettability of 10-mu m spheres on particle selection by two species of suspension-feeding bivalves: eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). Microspheres were delivered to bivalves in particle-selection assays, and the proportions of spheres rejected as pseudofeces and egested as feces were determined using flow cytometry. Results suggest that when given a choice, both mussels and oysters rejected some types of microspheres (e.g., aluminum oxide) and ingested other types (e.g., polystyrene). In some assays, microspheres with very different surface charges or wettabilities were handled similarly, indicating that neither property alone was a qualifier for selection. The differences in surface properties between pairs of microspheres were also considered and used as variables in discriminant analyses. For oysters and mussels, the generated models explained ca. 25% and 72% of the variation in the data, respectively. In both models, wettability was more important than charge in classifying data into their correct group (rejected, preferentially ingested, or not selected). Results from this study support the idea that non-specific physicochemical interactions can play a role in mediating selection in suspension-feeding bivalves. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rosa, Maria; Ward, J. Evan; Shumway, Sandra E.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT USA. [Pales-Espinosa, Emmanuelle; Allam, Bassem] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Rosa, M (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, 1080 Shennecossett Rd, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM maria.rosa@uconn.edu FU NSF [IOS-0718820, IOS-1147122, IOS-0718453, IOS-1146920]; National Shellfisheries Association; American Malacological Society; Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Devendra Kalonia for use of laboratory space and equipment, Gregg Rivara at Cornell Cooperative Oyster Hatchery for providing oysters, Bridget Holohan and Jennifer Alix for technical support, and Dr. Lauren Stefaniak and Kelley Bostrom for helpful comments on the manuscript. This study was supported by NSF Grant# IOS-0718820 and IOS-1147122 to JEW and SES and IOS-0718453 and IOS-1146920 to EPS and BA, with additional support to MR from the National Shellfisheries Association, the American Malacological Society, and the Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut. [RH] NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 446 BP 320 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2013.05.011 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 201JZ UT WOS:000323139200040 ER PT J AU Yu, J Phelan, D Rodriguez-Rivera, JA Podlesnyak, A Louca, D AF Yu, J. Phelan, D. Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A. Podlesnyak, A. Louca, Despina TI Magneto-Polaron Formation and Field-Induced Effects with Dilute Doping in LaCo1-yNiyO3 SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM LA English DT Article DE Magnetic excitations; Local distortions; Polaron melting ID MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; SPIN; TRANSITION; CLUSTERS; LACOO3 AB Dilute magnetic ion doping in LaCo1-yNiyO3 with y <= 1 % leads to the formation of isotropic magnetic clusters that exhibit intracluster interactions which are ferromagnetic in nature. The clusters are comprised of Ni ions surrounded by six magnetically polarized Co ions. The Ni spin is delocalized from the Ni3+ ion but is confined in the vicinity of the six Co coordinated environment forming small magneto-polarons. The cluster ground state is estimated from bulk magnetization to be about g S similar to 10, in contrast to LaCoO3, which is not magnetic. Using neutron spectroscopy, transitions are observed between the lowest energy levels indicating that the cluster ground state is split. Under a magnetic field of 1 Tesla, the transitions are suppressed while with increasing temperature, the intracluster transitions are overshadowed by the activation of the Co3+ ions to the intermediate spin state. C1 [Yu, J.; Phelan, D.; Louca, Despina] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Phelan, D.; Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Podlesnyak, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Louca, D (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM Louca@virginia.edu RI Instrument, CNCS/B-4599-2012; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/A-4872-2013; Podlesnyak, Andrey/A-5593-2013 OI Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/0000-0002-8633-8314; Podlesnyak, Andrey/0000-0001-9366-6319 FU US Department of Energy at the University of Virginia [DE-FG02-01ER45927]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX The authors would like to acknowledge valuable discussions with C. Leighton and D. Khomskii. They also express their gratitude to K. Yamada for providing them with the opportunity to grow some of the single crystals at the Institute of Materials Research of Tohoku University. This work is supported by the US Department of Energy under contracts DE-FG02-01ER45927 at the University of Virginia. This work additionally utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1939 J9 J SUPERCOND NOV MAGN JI J. Supercond. Nov. Magn PD AUG PY 2013 VL 26 IS 8 BP 2627 EP 2632 DI 10.1007/s10948-013-2148-x PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 211QU UT WOS:000323925500012 ER PT J AU White, AB Anderson, ML Dettinger, MD Ralph, FM Hinojosa, A Cayan, DR Hartman, RK Reynolds, DW Johnson, LE Schneider, TL Cifelli, R Toth, Z Gutman, SI King, CW Gehrke, F Johnston, PE Walls, C Mann, D Gottas, DJ Coleman, T AF White, A. B. Anderson, M. L. Dettinger, M. D. Ralph, F. M. Hinojosa, A. Cayan, D. R. Hartman, R. K. Reynolds, D. W. Johnson, L. E. Schneider, T. L. Cifelli, R. Toth, Z. Gutman, S. I. King, C. W. Gehrke, F. Johnston, P. E. Walls, C. Mann, D. Gottas, D. J. Coleman, T. TI A Twenty-First-Century California Observing Network for Monitoring Extreme Weather Events SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Flood events; Hydrology; Radars; Radar observations; Surface observations; Wind profilers; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting ID QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; GPS METEOROLOGY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WEST-COAST; CALJET; RAINFALL; RADAR; WATER; IMPACT AB During Northern Hemisphere winters, the West Coast of North America is battered by extratropical storms. The impact of these storms is of paramount concern to California, where aging water supply and flood protection infrastructures are challenged by increased standards for urban flood protection, an unusually variable weather regime, and projections of climate change. Additionally, there are inherent conflicts between releasing water to provide flood protection and storing water to meet requirements for the water supply, water quality, hydropower generation, water temperature and flow for at-risk species, and recreation. To improve reservoir management and meet the increasing demands on water, improved forecasts of precipitation, especially during extreme events, are required. Here, the authors describe how California is addressing their most important and costliest environmental issue-water management-in part, by installing a state-of-the-art observing system to better track the area's most severe wintertime storms. C1 [White, A. B.; Ralph, F. M.; Reynolds, D. W.; Johnson, L. E.; Cifelli, R.; Toth, Z.; Gutman, S. I.; King, C. W.; Johnston, P. E.; Gottas, D. J.; Coleman, T.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Anderson, M. L.; Hinojosa, A.; Gehrke, F.] Calif Dept Water Resources, Sacramento, CA USA. [Dettinger, M. D.; Cayan, D. R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Dettinger, M. D.; Cayan, D. R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hartman, R. K.] NOAA, Calif Nevada River Forecast Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. [Reynolds, D. W.; Johnston, P. E.; Coleman, T.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Johnson, L. E.] Colorado State Univ, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schneider, T. L.] NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, Boulder, CO USA. [Walls, C.; Mann, D.] UNAVCO Inc, Boulder, CO USA. RP White, AB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, R PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM allen.b.white@noaa.gov RI Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015; Schneider, Timothy/D-2832-2015; Johnston, Paul/E-1914-2016 OI Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194; Johnston, Paul/0000-0002-4046-9351 NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1585 EP 1603 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00217.1 PG 19 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 207XM UT WOS:000323638000001 ER PT J AU Newsom, RK Turner, DD Goldsmith, JEM AF Newsom, Rob K. Turner, David D. Goldsmith, John E. M. TI Long-Term Evaluation of Temperature Profiles Measured by an Operational Raman Lidar SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Instrumentation; sensors; Lidars; Lidar observations; Profilers; atmospheric; Remote sensing ID ATMOSPHERIC-TEMPERATURE; WATER-VAPOR; EXTINCTION; RADIOSONDE; AEROSOLS; CLOUDS AB This study investigates the accuracy and calibration stability of temperature profiles derived from an operational Raman lidar over a 2-yr period from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2010. The lidar, which uses the rotational Raman technique for temperature measurement, is located at the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement site near Billings, Oklahoma. The lidar performance specifications, data processing algorithms, and the results of several test runs are described. Calibration and overlap correction of the lidar is achieved using simultaneous and collocated radiosonde measurements. Results show that the calibration coefficients exhibit no significant long-term or seasonal variation but do show a distinct diurnal variation. When the diurnal variation in the calibration is not resolved the lidar temperature bias exhibits a significant diurnal variation. Test runs in which only nighttime radiosonde measurements are used for calibration show that the lidar exhibits a daytime warm bias that is correlated with the strength of the solar background signal. This bias, which reaches a maximum of similar to 2.4 K near solar noon, is reduced through the application of a correction scheme in which the calibration coefficients are parameterized in terms of the solar background signal. Comparison between the corrected lidar temperatures and the noncalibration radiosonde temperatures show a negligibly small median bias of -0.013 K for altitudes below 10 km AGL. The corresponding root-mean-square difference profile is roughly constant at similar to 2 K below 6 km AGL and increases to about 4.5 K at 10 km AGL. C1 [Newsom, Rob K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Goldsmith, John E. M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Newsom, RK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MSIN K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rob.newsom@pnnl.gov FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facility FX We wish to thank the staff at the ARM SGP site and Chris Martin in particular for maintaining the operation of the Raman lidar. This research was supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facility. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1616 EP 1634 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00138.1 PG 19 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 207XM UT WOS:000323638000003 ER PT J AU Neely, RR Hayman, M Stillwell, R Thayer, JP Hardesty, RM O'Neill, M Shupe, MD Alvarez, C AF Neely, Ryan R., III Hayman, Matthew Stillwell, Robert Thayer, Jeffrey P. Hardesty, R. Michael O'Neill, Michael Shupe, Matthew D. Alvarez, Catherine TI Polarization Lidar at Summit, Greenland, for the Detection of Cloud Phase and Particle Orientation SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aerosols; Cloud microphysics; Cloud water; phase; Cloud retrieval; Lidars; Lidar observations ID CIRRUS CLOUDS; ICE-SHEET; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; BACKSCATTER; EXTINCTION; ALGORITHM; CRYSTALS; AEROSOL; TROPOSPHERE AB Accurate measurements of cloud properties are necessary to document the full range of cloud conditions and characteristics. The Cloud, Aerosol Polarization and Backscatter Lidar (CAPABL) has been developed to address this need by measuring depolarization, particle orientation, and the backscatter of clouds and aerosols. The lidar is located at Summit, Greenland (72.6 degrees N, 38.5 degrees W; 3200 m MSL), as part of the Integrated Characterization of Energy, Clouds, Atmospheric State, and Precipitation at Summit Project and NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory's Global Monitoring Division's lidar network. Here, the instrument is described with particular emphasis placed upon the implementation of new polarization methods developed to measure particle orientation and improve the overall accuracy of lidar depolarization measurements. Initial results from the lidar are also shown to demonstrate the ability of the lidar to observe cloud properties. C1 [Neely, Ryan R., III] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Neely, Ryan R., III] CIRES, Boulder, CO USA. [Neely, Ryan R., III; O'Neill, Michael; Alvarez, Catherine] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, GMD, Boulder, CO USA. [Neely, Ryan R., III; Hardesty, R. Michael] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, CSD, Boulder, CO USA. [Hayman, Matthew] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Adv Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Stillwell, Robert; Thayer, Jeffrey P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [O'Neill, Michael] CIRES, Earth Sci & Observat Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Shupe, Matthew D.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shupe, Matthew D.] Univ Colorado, ATOC, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shupe, Matthew D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, PSD, Boulder, CO USA. RP Neely, RR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, UCB 311, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ryan.neely@colorado.edu RI Neely, Ryan/F-8702-2010; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; THAYER, JEFFREY P./B-7264-2016 OI Neely, Ryan/0000-0003-4560-4812; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; THAYER, JEFFREY P./0000-0001-7127-8251 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [ATM-0454999, ARC-0856559]; National Center for Atmospheric Research; ESRL-CIRES Graduate Research Fellowship; University of Colorado at Boulder Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program Individual Grant Fund FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grants ATM-0454999 and ARC-0856559, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The research done by Ryan R. Neely III was supported by the ESRL-CIRES Graduate Research Fellowship. Robert Stillwell was funded by the University of Colorado at Boulder Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program Individual Grant Fund. We thank NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory's Chemical Science Division, whose original work on DABUL made CAPABL possible, including Dr. Wynn Eberhard, Dr. Raul Alverez, Dr. Richard Marchbanks, Scott Sandberg, Dr. Alan Brewer, and Dr. Christoph Senff. The authors also thank the entire ICECAPS team, especially the vision and hard work of the additional PI's of the ICECAPS project, Dr. Von Walden, Dr. David Turner, and their graduate students, particularly Chris Cox, who helped to provide the estimate of optical depth from the P-AERI. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1635 EP 1655 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00101.1 PG 21 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 207XM UT WOS:000323638000004 ER PT J AU Melnikov, V Straka, JM AF Melnikov, Valery Straka, Jerry M. TI Axis Ratios and Flutter Angles of Cloud Ice Particles: Retrievals from Radar Data SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Radars; Radar observations; Remote sensing ID POLARIMETRIC RADAR; POLARIZATION RADAR; CRYSTALS; HYDROMETEORS; HABITS; MODE AB A novel method of retrieving the mean axis ratio (width/length) and standard deviation of orientation angles (sigma(theta), which is called herein the intensity of fluttering) of ice cloud particles from polarimetric radar data is described. The method is based on measurements of differential reflectivity Z(DR) and the copolar correlation coefficient in cloud areas with Z(DR) > 4 dB. In three analyzed cases, the values of the retrieved axis ratio were in an interval from 0.15 to 0.4 and sigma(theta) found in an interval from 2 degrees to 20 degrees. The latter values indicate that the particles experienced light to moderate fluttering. Ambiguities in the retrievals because of uncertainties in the bulk ice density of the particles and possible presence of columnar crystals are considered. The retrieval method is applicable for centimeter-wavelength radars; the analyzed data were collected with the dual-polarization S-band Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D). C1 [Melnikov, Valery] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Melnikov, Valery] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Straka, Jerry M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Melnikov, V (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM valery.melnikov@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Science Foundation Grant [AGS-1036237] FX We thank our anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that helped us to improve the manuscript. Funding for this study was provided in part by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce, and by the National Science Foundation Grant AGS-1036237 (program officer Dr. Chungu Lu) during the course of this work. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1691 EP 1703 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00212.1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 207XM UT WOS:000323638000007 ER PT J AU Xie, H Nalli, NR Sampson, S Wolf, WW Li, J Schmit, TJ Barnet, CD Joseph, E Morris, VR Yang, FL AF Xie, Hua Nalli, Nicholas R. Sampson, Shanna Wolf, Walter W. Li, Jun Schmit, Timothy J. Barnet, Christopher D. Joseph, Everette Morris, Vernon R. Yang, Fanglin TI Integration and Ocean-Based Prelaunch Validation of GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager Legacy Atmospheric Products SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Algorithms; In situ oceanic observations; Profilers; atmospheric; Radiosonde observations; Satellite observations; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOUNDER; AEROSOL; SOUNDINGS; RADIANCE; AIRS; PROFILES; WATER AB An ocean-based prelaunch evaluation of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-R series Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) legacy atmospheric profile (LAP) products is conducted using proxy data based upon the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on board the Meteosat Second Generation satellite. SEVIRI-based LAP temperature and moisture profile retrievals are validated against in situ correlative data obtained over the open ocean from multiple years of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Aerosols and Ocean Science Expeditions (AEROSE). The NOAA AEROSE data include dedicated radiosonde observations (RAOBs) launched from the NOAA ship Ronald H. Brown over the tropical Atlantic: a region optimally situated within the full-disk scanning range of SEVIRI and one of great meteorological importance as the main development area of Atlantic hurricanes. The most recent versions of the GOES-R Algorithm Working Group team algorithms (e.g., cloud mask, aerosol detection products, and LAP) implemented within the algorithms integration team framework (the NOAA operational system that will host these operational product algorithms) are used in the analyses. Forecasts from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Forecasting System (NCEP GFS) are used for the LAP regression and direct comparisons. The GOES-R LAP retrievals are found to agree reasonably with the AEROSE RAOB observations, and overall retrievals improve both temperature and moisture against computer model NCEP GFS outputs. The validation results are then interpreted within the context of a difficult meteorological regime (e.g., Saharan air layers and dust) coupled with the difficulty of using a narrowband imager for the purpose of atmospheric sounding. C1 [Xie, Hua; Nalli, Nicholas R.; Sampson, Shanna; Yang, Fanglin] IM Syst Grp Inc, NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Sampson, Shanna] Riverside Technol Inc, College Pk, MD USA. [Wolf, Walter W.; Barnet, Christopher D.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD USA. [Li, Jun] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Schmit, Timothy J.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Madison, WI USA. [Joseph, Everette; Morris, Vernon R.] Howard Univ, NOAA, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Xie, H (reprint author), IM Syst Grp Inc, NOAA NESDIS STAR, NOAA Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM hua.xie@noaa.gov RI Nalli, Nicholas/F-6731-2010; Wolf, Walter/E-7935-2011; Li, Jun/H-3579-2015; Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010; Yang, Fanglin/A-1948-2013 OI Nalli, Nicholas/0000-0002-6914-5537; Wolf, Walter/0000-0002-2102-8833; Li, Jun/0000-0001-5504-9627; FU GOES-R Algorithm Working Group; NOAA Joint Polar Satellite System Office (NJO); NASA Sounder Science Team; NOAA [NA17AE1625, NA17AE1623]; NOAA Office of Climate Observations (Climate Program Office) FX This research has been supported by the GOES-R (http://www.goes-r.gov/) Algorithm Working Group (A. Powell, Director of STAR), the NOAA Joint Polar Satellite System Office (NJO), and the NASA Sounder Science Team. AEROSE is also supported by the NOAA Educational Partnership Program Grant NA17AE1625, NOAA Grant NA17AE1623 to establish NCAS, and funding for PNE is provided by the NOAA Office of Climate Observations (Climate Program Office). NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1743 EP 1756 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00120.1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 207XM UT WOS:000323638000011 ER PT J AU Hormann, V Lumpkin, R Perez, RC AF Hormann, Verena Lumpkin, Rick Perez, Renellys C. TI A Generalized Method for Estimating the Structure of the Equatorial Atlantic Cold Tongue: Application to Drifter Observations SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Ocean; Fronts; Sea surface temperature ID TROPICAL INSTABILITY WAVES; LONG WAVES; OCEAN; PACIFIC; VORTICES; FRONT AB A generalized method is developed to determine the position of the Atlantic northern cold tongue front across its zonal extent from satellite sea surface temperature (SST) data. Previous approaches estimated the frontal position subjectively or individually, calling for a more objective technique that is suitable for large datasets. The developed methodology is based on a median frontal SST, and associated positional uncertainties are on the order of 0.3 degrees latitude for the period 1998-2011. Frontal characteristics are generally consistent with tropical instability waves (TIWs) and interannual variations are large. Application to drifter observations shows how the new methodology can be used to better understand circulation features near the northern cold tongue front. A drifter pair deployed on the eastern side of a passing TIW crest north of the front revealed that the trajectories of the drifters were clearly influenced by the shape of the front and they did not cross the front, but rather stayed close together about 2.5 degrees north of the front. In a more complete analysis using all available drifters near the Atlantic northern cold tongue front, only about 12% of the trajectories crossed the front. Analyses in an along- and cross-frontal frame of reference complement isopycnal coordinate mapping, and tropical Atlantic drifter velocities averaged in frontal coordinates indicate a broadened shear zone between the northern branch of the South Equatorial Current and North Equatorial Countercurrent as well as meridional convergence near the front. C1 [Hormann, Verena; Perez, Renellys C.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Hormann, Verena; Lumpkin, Rick; Perez, Renellys C.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Hormann, V (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr,Mail Code 0213, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM vhormann@ucsd.edu RI Perez, Renellys/D-1976-2012; Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009 OI Perez, Renellys/0000-0002-4401-3853; Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704 FU Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a co-operative institute of the University of Miami; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA17RJ1226]; NOAA's Climate Program Office; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory FX This research was carried out in part under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a co-operative institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1226. Additional support was provided by NOAA's Climate Program Office and the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. The authors thank Chris Meinen and Jules Hummon for their help with the ADCP data as well as Erik Valdes for his help with the drifter pair observations. Comments from Sang-Ki Lee and Greg Foltz as well as three anonymous reviewers led to significant improvements in the manuscript. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1884 EP 1895 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00173.1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 207XM UT WOS:000323638000021 ER PT J AU Foley, MM Armsby, MH Prahler, EE Caldwell, MR Erickson, AL Kittinger, JN Crowder, LB Levin, PS AF Foley, Melissa M. Armsby, Matthew H. Prahler, Erin E. Caldwell, Margaret R. Erickson, Ashley L. Kittinger, John N. Crowder, Larry B. Levin, Phillip S. TI Improving Ocean Management through the Use of Ecological Principles and Integrated Ecosyste Assessments SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE integrated ecosystem assessment; national ocean policy; ecological principles; ecosystem vulnerability ID MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; HUMAN IMPACTS; FRAMEWORK; SERVICES; MAP; ACIDIFICATION; VULNERABILITY; CONSERVATION; RESILIENCE AB The US National Ocean Policy calls for ecosystem-based management (EBM) of the ocean to help realize the vision advanced in the 2010 Executive Order on the Stewardship of the Ocean, Our Coasts, and the Great Lakes. However, no specific approach for incorporating EBM into planning was provided. We explore how a set of ecological principles and ecosystem vulnerability concepts can be integrated into emerging comprehensive assessment frameworks, including Australia's National Marine Bioregional Assessments, California's Marine Life Protection Act Initiative's regional profiles, Canada's Eastern Scotian Shelf Integrated Management Initiative, and the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Integrated Ecosystem Assessment (IEA) program, to transition to ecosystem-based ocean planning. We examine NOAA's IEA framework to demonstrate how these concepts could be incorporated into existing frameworks. Although our discussion is focused on US ocean policy, comprehensive ecological assessments are applicable to a wide array of management strategies and planning processes. C1 [Foley, Melissa M.; Prahler, Erin E.; Caldwell, Margaret R.; Erickson, Ashley L.; Kittinger, John N.; Crowder, Larry B.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Woods Inst Environm, Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA USA. [Caldwell, Margaret R.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Law Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Crowder, Larry B.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Armsby, Matthew H.] Resources Law Grp, Sacramento, CA USA. [Levin, Phillip S.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Foley, MM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Woods Inst Environm, Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA USA. EM mmfoley@stanford.edu FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX This work was supported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. We thank three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that improved the manuscript. NR 57 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 65 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD AUG PY 2013 VL 63 IS 8 BP 619 EP 631 DI 10.1525/bio.2013.63.8.5 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 202DO UT WOS:000323193900005 ER PT J AU Straneo, F Heimbach, P Sergienko, O Hamilton, G Catania, G Griffies, S Hallberg, R Jenkins, A Joughin, I Motyka, R Pfeffer, WT Price, SF Rignot, E Scambos, T Truffer, M Vieli, A AF Straneo, Fiammetta Heimbach, Patrick Sergienko, Olga Hamilton, Gordon Catania, Ginny Griffies, Stephen Hallberg, Robert Jenkins, Adrian Joughin, Ian Motyka, Roman Pfeffer, W. Tad Price, Stephen F. Rignot, Eric Scambos, Ted Truffer, Martin Vieli, Andreas TI Challenges to Understanding the Dynamic Response of Greenland's Marine Terminating Glaciers to Oceanic and Atmospheric Forcing SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; FULL STOKES MODEL; ICE-SHEET; JAKOBSHAVN ISBRAE; WEST GREENLAND; OUTLET GLACIERS; EAST GREENLAND; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; TIDEWATER GLACIERS; NORTH-ATLANTIC AB The recent retreat and speedup of outlet glaciers, as well as enhanced surface melting around the ice sheet margin, have increased Greenland's contribution to sea level rise to 0.6 +/- 0.1 mm yr(-1) and its discharge of freshwater into the North Atlantic. The widespread, near-synchronous glacier retreat, and its coincidence with a period of oceanic and atmospheric warming, suggests a common climate driver. Evidence points to the marine margins of these glaciers as the region from which changes propagated inland. Yet, the forcings and mechanisms behind these dynamic responses are poorly understood and are either missing or crudely parameterized in climate and ice sheet models. Resulting projected sea level rise contributions from Greenland by 2100 remain highly uncertain. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge and highlights key physical aspects of Greenland's coupled ice sheet-ocean-atmosphere system. Three research thrusts are identified to yield fundamental insights into ice sheet, ocean, sea ice, and atmosphere interactions, their role in Earth's climate system, and probable trajectories of future changes: 1) focused process studies addressing critical glacier, ocean, atmosphere, and coupled dynamics; 2) sustained observations at key sites; and 3) inclusion of relevant dynamics in Earth system models. Understanding the dynamic response of Greenland's glaciers to climate forcing constitutes both a scientific and technological frontier, given the challenges of obtaining the appropriate measurements from the glaciers' marine termini and the complexity of the dynamics involved, including the coupling of the ocean, atmosphere, glacier, and sea ice systems. Interdisciplinary and international cooperation are crucial to making progress on this novel and complex problem. C1 [Straneo, Fiammetta] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Heimbach, Patrick] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Sergienko, Olga] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Sergienko, Olga; Griffies, Stephen; Hallberg, Robert] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hamilton, Gordon] Univ Maine, Orono, ME USA. [Catania, Ginny] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Jenkins, Adrian] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Joughin, Ian] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Motyka, Roman; Truffer, Martin] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Pfeffer, W. Tad] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Price, Stephen F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Rignot, Eric] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Rignot, Eric] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Scambos, Ted] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Vieli, Andreas] Univ Durham, Durham, England. RP Straneo, F (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Mail Stop 21,266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM fstraneo@whoi.edu RI Catania, Ginny/B-9787-2008; Heimbach, Patrick/K-3530-2013; Joughin, Ian/A-2998-2008; Price, Stephen /E-1568-2013; Rignot, Eric/A-4560-2014; OI Heimbach, Patrick/0000-0003-3925-6161; Joughin, Ian/0000-0001-6229-679X; Price, Stephen /0000-0001-6878-2553; Rignot, Eric/0000-0002-3366-0481; Vieli, Andreas/0000-0002-2870-5921; Straneo, Fiammetta/0000-0002-1735-2366 FU Norwegian Centre for International Cooperation in Education (SiU) FX This is a contribution to the activity of the U.S. CLIVAR Working Group on Greenland Ice Sheet-Ocean Interactions (GRISO). Mike Patterson is thanked for his engagement and guidance. The idea for establishment of such a working group originated during the Advanced Climate Dynamics Course (ACDC) 2010 on Ice Sheet-Ocean Interactions at the MIT-Fablab in Lyngen, Norway (see http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2010EO450006/abstract), with the Norwegian Centre for International Cooperation in Education (SiU) as its main sponsor. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments. NR 97 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 80 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 94 IS 8 BP 1131 EP 1144 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00100.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 205YZ UT WOS:000323482200005 ER PT J AU Ralph, FM Intrieri, J Andra, D Atlas, R Boukabara, S Bright, D Davidson, P Entwistle, B Gaynor, J Goodman, S Jiing, JG Harless, A Huang, J Jedlovec, G Kain, J Koch, S Kuo, B Levit, J Murillo, S Riishojgaard, LP Schneider, T Schneider, R Smith, T Weiss, S AF Ralph, F. Martin Intrieri, Janet Andra, David Atlas, Robert Boukabara, Sid Bright, David Davidson, Paula Entwistle, Bruce Gaynor, John Goodman, Steve Jiing, Jiann-Gwo Harless, Amy Huang, Jin Jedlovec, Gary Kain, John Koch, Steven Kuo, Bill Levit, Jason Murillo, Shirley Riishojgaard, Lars Peter Schneider, Timothy Schneider, Russell Smith, Travis Weiss, Steven TI The Emergence of Weather-Related Test Beds Linking Research and Forecasting Operations SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GOES-R; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; DATA ASSIMILATION; SPRING PROGRAM; WRF MODEL; PREDICTION; INFORMATION; SURFACE; INITIALIZATION; COLLABORATION AB Test beds have emerged as a critical mechanism linking weather research with forecasting operations. The U.S. Weather Research Program (USWRP) was formed in the 1990s to help identify key gaps in research related to major weather prediction problems and the role of observations and numerical models. This planning effort ultimately revealed the need for greater capacity and new approaches to improve the connectivity between the research and forecasting enterprise. Out of this developed the seeds for what is now termed test beds. While many individual projects, and even more broadly the NOAA/National Weather Service (NWS) Modernization, were successful in advancing weather prediction services, it was recognized that specific forecast problems warranted a more focused and elevated level of effort. The USWRP helped develop these concepts with science teams and provided seed funding for several of the test beds described. Based on the varying NOAA mission requirements for forecasting, differences in the organizational structure and methods used to provide those services, and differences in the state of the science related to those forecast challenges, test beds have taken on differing characteristics, strategies, and priorities. Current test bed efforts described have all emerged between 2000 and 2011 and focus on hurricanes (Joint Hurricane Testbed), precipitation (Hydrometeorology Testbed), satellite data assimilation (Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation), severe weather (Hazardous Weather Testbed), satellite data support for severe weather prediction (Short-Term Prediction Research and Transition Center), mesoscale modeling (Developmental Testbed Center), climate forecast products (Climate Testbed), testing and evaluation of satellite capabilities [Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Series (GOES-R) Proving Ground], aviation applications (Aviation Weather Testbed), and observing system experiments (OSSE Testbed). C1 [Ralph, F. Martin; Intrieri, Janet] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Andra, David] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Norman, OK USA. [Atlas, Robert; Murillo, Shirley] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Boukabara, Sid; Riishojgaard, Lars Peter] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Bright, David; Entwistle, Bruce; Harless, Amy; Levit, Jason] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Centers Environm Predict, Kansas City, MO USA. [Davidson, Paula] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Gaynor, John] NOAA, Off Policy Planning & Evaluat, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Gaynor, John] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Goodman, Steve] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Jiing, Jiann-Gwo] NOAA, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami Beach, FL USA. [Huang, Jin] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Jedlovec, Gary] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. [Kain, John; Koch, Steven; Smith, Travis] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Kain, John; Koch, Steven; Smith, Travis] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kuo, Bill] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Schneider, Timothy] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Boulder, CO USA. [Schneider, Russell; Weiss, Steven] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. RP Ralph, FM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, R E PSD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM marty.ralph@noaa.gov RI Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011; Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/F-5577-2010; Murillo, Shirley/C-3259-2014; Intrieri, Janet/D-5608-2015; Schneider, Timothy/D-2832-2015 OI Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560; Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/0000-0002-1857-3806; Murillo, Shirley/0000-0002-2075-8682; FU U.S. Weather Research Program in NOAA/OAR's Office of Weather and Air Quality; NSSL; NWS/SPC; NWS/Norman WFO; NOAA/OAR under the NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA08OAR4320904]; NOAA; U.S. Air Force; NSF; NCAR; NCEP; NOAA Climate Program Office; Earth Science Division at NASA headquarters; NOAA GOES-R Program Science Office FX The U.S. Weather Research Program in NOAA/OAR's Office of Weather and Air Quality provides full support for JHT, partial support for HMT and DTC, and seed funding for the OSSE Testbed. The HWT is jointly funded and managed by NSSL, NWS/SPC, and NWS/Norman WFO, with NSSL providing funding for the majority of the infrastructure. Funding is also provided by NOAA/OAR under the NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA08OAR4320904, U.S. Department of Commerce. The DTC is jointly sponsored by the NOAA, U.S. Air Force, NSF, and NCAR. NCEP and the NOAA Climate Program Office jointly support the CTB. SPoRT is funded by the Earth Science Division at NASA headquarters and the NOAA GOES-R Program Science Office. The NOAA GOES-R Program Science Office supports the GOES-R Proving Ground. NR 57 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 94 IS 8 BP 1187 EP 1211 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00080.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 205YZ UT WOS:000323482200008 ER PT J AU Kain, JS Coniglio, MC Correia, J Clark, AJ Marsh, PT Ziegler, CL Lakshmanan, V Miller, SD Dembek, SR Weiss, SJ Kong, FY Xue, M Sobash, RA Dean, AR Jirak, IL Melick, CJ AF Kain, John S. Coniglio, Michael C. Correia, James Clark, Adam J. Marsh, Patrick T. Ziegler, Conrad L. Lakshmanan, Valliappa Miller, Stuart D., Jr. Dembek, Scott R. Weiss, Steven J. Kong, Fanyou Xue, Ming Sobash, Ryan A. Dean, Andrew R. Jirak, Israel L. Melick, Christopher J. TI A Feasibility Study for Probabilistic Convection Initiation Forecasts Based on Explicit Numerical Guidance SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STORM INITIATION; PARAMETERIZING ENSEMBLES; SPRING EXPERIMENT; MOIST CONVECTION; WRF MODEL; BOUNDARY; LAYER; WEATHER; IDENTIFICATION; THUNDERSTORMS AB The 2011 Spring Forecasting Experiment in the NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed (HWT) featured a significant component on convection initiation (CI). As in previous HWT experiments, the CI study was a collaborative effort between forecasters and researchers, with equal emphasis on experimental forecasting strategies and evaluation of prototype model guidance products. The overarching goal of the CI effort was to identify the primary challenges of the CI forecasting problem and to establish a framework for additional studies and possible routine forecasting of CI. This study confirms that convection-allowing models with grid spacing similar to 4 km represent many aspects of the formation and development of deep convection clouds explicitly and with predictive utility. Further, it shows that automated algorithms can skillfully identify the CI process during model integration. However, it also reveals that automated detection of individual convection cells, by itself, provides inadequate guidance for the disruptive potential of deep convection activity. Thus, future work on the CI forecasting problem should be couched in terms of convection-event prediction rather than detection and prediction of individual convection cells. C1 [Kain, John S.; Coniglio, Michael C.; Clark, Adam J.; Marsh, Patrick T.; Ziegler, Conrad L.; Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Sobash, Ryan A.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Correia, James; Melick, Christopher J.] NOAA, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Correia, James; Clark, Adam J.; Marsh, Patrick T.; Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Melick, Christopher J.] Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. [Marsh, Patrick T.; Miller, Stuart D., Jr.; Sobash, Ryan A.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Miller, Stuart D., Jr.] Air Force Inst Technol, Civilian Inst Programs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Dembek, Scott R.] Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. [Weiss, Steven J.; Dean, Andrew R.; Jirak, Israel L.] NOAA, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Kong, Fanyou; Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kong, Fanyou; Xue, Ming] Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK USA. RP Kain, JS (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jack.kain@noaa.gov RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1227]; NOAA Collaborative Science, Technology, and Applied Research (CSTAR); NSF [AGS-0802888, OCI-0905040, AGS-0941491, AGS-1046171, AGS-1046081]; National Science Foundation XSEDE FX Authors Clark, Correia, Dembek, Lakshmanan, Marsh, Melick, Miller, and Sobash were partially funded by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce.; CAPS ensemble forecasts were supported by the NOAA Collaborative Science, Technology, and Applied Research (CSTAR) Program with supplementary support from NSF Grant AGS-0802888. M. Xue was also supported by NSF Grants OCI-0905040, AGS-0941491, AGS-1046171, and AGS-1046081. CAPS forecasts were supported National Science Foundation XSEDE grant allocation, and computations were performed at the National Institute for Computational Sciences. Many scientists at CAPS contributed to the design and production of the ensemble forecasts, including Kevin Thomas, Yunheng Wang, Keith Brewster, Jidong Gao, and Xuguang Wang. NR 40 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 94 IS 8 BP 1213 EP 1225 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00264.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 205YZ UT WOS:000323482200009 ER PT J AU Polyakov, SV Piacentini, F Traina, P Degiovanni, IP Migdall, A Brida, G Genovese, M AF Polyakov, Sergey V. Piacentini, Fabrizio Traina, Paolo Degiovanni, Ivo P. Migdall, Alan Brida, Giorgio Genovese, Marco TI Practical Implementation of a Test of Event-Based Corpuscular Model as an Alternative to Quantum Mechanics SO FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Single photons; Parametric down-conversion; Foundations of quantum mechanics; Local realism tests ID ROSEN-BOHM EXPERIMENTS; FAIR SAMPLING ASSUMPTION; HIDDEN VARIABLE THEORIES; LOCAL REALIST MODEL; SINGLET-STATE; SIMULATION; OPTICS; INEQUALITIES; LIGHT AB We describe in detail the first experimental test that distinguishes between an event-based corpuscular model of the interaction of photons with matter and quantum mechanics. The test looks at the interference that results as a single photon passes through a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The experimental results, obtained with a low-noise single-photon source, agree with the predictions of standard quantum mechanics. C1 [Polyakov, Sergey V.; Migdall, Alan] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Polyakov, Sergey V.; Migdall, Alan] UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Piacentini, Fabrizio; Traina, Paolo; Degiovanni, Ivo P.; Brida, Giorgio; Genovese, Marco] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, I-10135 Turin, Italy. RP Degiovanni, IP (reprint author), Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, Str Cacce 91, I-10135 Turin, Italy. EM i.degiovanni@inrim.it; m.genovese@inrim.it RI genovese, marco/D-4862-2013; Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/F-2140-2013; Piacentini, Fabrizio/N-6684-2015; Traina, Paolo/O-5418-2015 OI genovese, marco/0000-0001-9186-8849; Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/0000-0003-0332-3115; Piacentini, Fabrizio/0000-0002-8098-5692; Traina, Paolo/0000-0003-3276-282X FU European Union [912/2009/EC, IND06-MIQC]; MIUR FIRB [RBFR10YQ3H, RBFR10VZUG, RBFR10UAUV]; Compagnia di San Paolo; NSF Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute FX The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union on the basis of Decision No. 912/2009/EC (project IND06-MIQC), by MIUR FIRB RBFR10YQ3H (Lichis), RBFR10VZUG (Thermalskin) and RBFR10UAUV (Diamante), and by Compagnia di San Paolo. S.V.P. and A.M. acknowledge partial support from the NSF Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0015-9018 J9 FOUND PHYS JI Found. Phys. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 43 IS 8 BP 913 EP 922 DI 10.1007/s10701-013-9718-4 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 202GP UT WOS:000323202400001 ER PT J AU Van Houtan, KS McClenachan, L Kittinger, JN AF Van Houtan, Kyle S. McClenachan, Loren Kittinger, John N. TI Seafood menus reflect long-term ocean changes SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Letter ID FLORIDA; USA C1 [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC USA. [McClenachan, Loren] Colby Coll, Environm Sci Program, Waterville, ME 04901 USA. [Kittinger, John N.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA USA. RP Van Houtan, KS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. EM kyle.vanhoutan@gmail.com OI Van Houtan, Kyle/0000-0001-5725-1773 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 23 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 11 IS 6 BP 289 EP 290 DI 10.1890/13.WB.015 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 202VT UT WOS:000323249100010 ER PT J AU Chavez-Santiago, R Sayrafian-Pour, K Khaleghi, A Takizawa, K Wang, JQ Balasingham, I Li, HB AF Chavez-Santiago, Raul Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran Khaleghi, Ali Takizawa, Kenichi Wang, Jianqing Balasingham, Ilangko Li, Huan-Bang TI Propagation Models for IEEE 802.15.6 Standardization of Implant Communication in Body Area Networks SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB A body area network is a radio communication protocol for short-range, low-power, and highly reliable wireless communication for use on the surface, inside, or in the peripheral proximity of the human body. Combined with various biomedical sensors, BANs enable real-time collection and monitoring of physiological signals. Therefore, it is regarded as an important technology for the treatment and prevention of chronic diseases, and health monitoring of the elderly. The IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee approved Task Group TG15.6 in December 2007. As a result of more than four years of effort, in February 2012, TG15.6 published the first international standard for BANs, IEEE Std 802.15.6. Throughout the development of this standard, ample collaboration between the standardization group and the research community was required. In particular, understanding the radio propagation mechanisms for BANs demanded the most research effort. Technical challenges were magnified for the case of implant communication because of the impossibility of conducting in-body measurements with human subjects. Therefore, research in this field had to make use of intricate computer simulations. This article outlines some of the research that has been done to obtain accurate propagation models supporting the standardization of implant communication in BANs. Current research to enhance the channel models of IEEE Std 802.15.6 through the use of ultra wideband signals for implantable devices along with physical measurements in animals is also presented. C1 [Chavez-Santiago, Raul] Oslo Univ Hosp, Intervent Ctr, Oslo, Norway. [Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Khaleghi, Ali] KN Toosi Univ Technol, Tehran, Iran. [Takizawa, Kenichi] NICT, Tokyo, Japan. [Wang, Jianqing] Nagoya Inst Technol, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. [Balasingham, Ilangko] Oslo Univ Hosp, Wireless Sensor Network Res Grp, Oslo, Norway. [Balasingham, Ilangko] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Trondheim, Norway. [Li, Huan-Bang] NICT, CRL, Tokyo, Japan. RP Chavez-Santiago, R (reprint author), Oslo Univ Hosp, Intervent Ctr, Oslo, Norway. EM raul.chavez-santiago@rr-research.no; kamran.sayrafian@nist.gov; ali.khaleghi@rr-research.no; takizawa@nict.go.jp; wang@nitech.ac.jp; ilangko.balasingham@medisin.uio.no; lee@nict.go.jp OI Khaleghi, Ali/0000-0002-8372-1529 FU Research Council of Norway [187857/S10] FX R. Chavez-Santiago, A. Khaleghi, and I. Balasingham acknowledge financial support from the Research Council of Norway, given through the MELODY Project (contract no. 187857/S10). NR 16 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0163-6804 J9 IEEE COMMUN MAG JI IEEE Commun. Mag. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 51 IS 8 BP 80 EP 87 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 206AT UT WOS:000323488500011 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JD Glembocki, OJ Francescato, Y Sharac, N Giannini, V Bezares, FJ Long, JP Owrutsky, JC Vurgaftman, I Tischler, JG Wheeler, VD Bassim, ND Shirey, LM Kasica, R Maier, SA AF Caldwell, Joshua D. Glembocki, Orest J. Francescato, Yan Sharac, Nicholas Giannini, Vincenzo Bezares, Francisco J. Long, James P. Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. Vurgaftman, Igor Tischler, Joseph G. Wheeler, Virginia D. Bassim, Nabil D. Shirey, Loretta M. Kasica, Richard Maier, Stefan A. TI Low-Loss, Extreme Subdiffraction Photon Confinement via Silicon Carbide Localized Surface Phonon Polariton Resonators SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Optical phonon; polar dielectric; phonon polariton; silicon carbide; nanopillar; subdiffraction confinement; plasmonics; nanoantenna; mid-infrared ID ENHANCED INFRARED-ABSORPTION; NANOANTENNA ARRAYS; GRAPHENE PLASMONICS; RAMAN-SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY; LIGHT; NANOPARTICLES; RESONANCES; NANOSCALE; EMISSION AB Plasmonics provides great promise for nanophotonic applications. However, the high optical losses inherent in metal-based plasmonic systems have limited progress. Thus, it is critical to identify alternative low-loss materials. One alternative is polar dielectrics that support surface phonon polariton SPhP) modes, where the confinement of infrared light is aided by optical phonons. Using fabricated 6H-silicon carbide nanopillar antenna arrays, we report on the observation of subdiffraction, localized SPhP resonances. They exhibit a dipolar resonance transverse to the nanopillar axis and a monopolar resonance associated with the longitudinal axis dependent upon the SiC substrate. Both exhibit exceptionally narrow linewidths (7-24 cm(-1)), with quality factors of 40-135, which exceed the theoretical limit of plasmonic systems, with extreme subwavelength confinement of (lambda(3)(res)/V-eff)(1/3) = 50-200. Under certain conditions, the modes are Raman-active, enabling their study in the visible spectral range. These observations promise to reinvigorate research in SPhP phenomena and their use for nanophotonic applications. C1 [Caldwell, Joshua D.; Glembocki, Orest J.; Bezares, Francisco J.; Long, James P.; Owrutsky, Jeffrey C.; Vurgaftman, Igor; Tischler, Joseph G.; Wheeler, Virginia D.; Bassim, Nabil D.; Shirey, Loretta M.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Francescato, Yan; Giannini, Vincenzo; Maier, Stefan A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, Blackett Lab, London, England. [Kasica, Richard] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sharac, Nicholas] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Irvine, CA USA. RP Caldwell, JD (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM joshua.caldwell@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; Shirey, Loretta/B-3164-2013; Giannini, Vincenzo/J-3088-2014 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; Shirey, Loretta/0000-0003-2600-3405; Giannini, Vincenzo/0000-0001-8025-4964 FU NRL Nanoscience Institute; ASEE-NRL Postdoctoral Fellowship Program; EPSRC; Leverhulme Trust FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Kathy Wahl, Dr. Dan Barlow, and Dr. Dan Burden of the Chemistry Division at the NRL for the use of their FTIR microscope and their assistance with the experimental setup. We would also like to thank Mr. Alex Boosalis of the University of Nebraska for his IR-VASE ellipsometry measurements from which initial optical constants of the SiC materials available at NRL were derived. We would also like to thank Dr. Lucas Lindsay and Dr. Thomas Reinecke for calculations of optical phonon lifetimes within SiC nanostructures used in the development of this effort and Professor Gennady Shvets for discussion of modal descriptions. Finally, electron beam lithography was performed at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. Funding for NRL authors was provided by the NRL Nanoscience Institute. F.J.B. acknowledges support from the ASEE-NRL Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. Y.F., S.M., and V.G. acknowledge support from EPSRC and Leverhulme Trust. NR 57 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 14 U2 131 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 13 IS 8 BP 3690 EP 3697 DI 10.1021/nl401590g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 202SX UT WOS:000323241000039 PM 23815389 ER PT J AU Van Doornik, DM Eddy, DL Waples, RS Boe, SJ Hoffnagle, TL Berntson, EA Moran, P AF Van Doornik, Donald M. Eddy, Debra L. Waples, Robin S. Boe, Stephen J. Hoffnagle, Timothy L. Berntson, Ewann A. Moran, Paul TI Genetic Monitoring of Threatened Chinook Salmon Populations: Estimating Introgression of Nonnative Hatchery Stocks and Temporal Genetic Changes SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BROWN TROUT POPULATIONS; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; PACIFIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; BREEDING SUCCESS; ARTIFICIAL PROPAGATION; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; CONSERVATION GENETICS AB Conservation efforts aimed at Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) populations have frequently utilized artificial propagation in an attempt to increase fish abundance. However, this approach carries the risk of unwanted changes in the genetic characteristics of the target population and perhaps others that might incidentally be affected. We used genetic monitoring techniques to estimate the amount of introgression that has occurred from nonnative hatchery stocks into native populations and to determine the extent of genetic changes that have occurred in association with supplementation efforts over the past 20-50years in Snake River Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha populations from northeastern Oregon. A total of 4,178 fish from 13 populations were genotyped for 12 microsatellite DNA loci. Expected heterozygosity values for each sample ranged from 0.707 to 0.868. Estimates of the effective number of breeders per year in the naturally spawning populations ranged from 20.6 to 459.1, whereas in the hatchery populations they ranged from 33.8 to 1,118.8. We found that introgression from the Rapid River Hatchery stock was particularly noticeable in the early 1990s but that it appears to have had a substantial effect on only two of the native populations (Lookingglass Creek and the upper Grande Ronde River) despite the ample opportunities for introgression to occur. All seven of the native populations sampled have maintained their levels of within-population genetic diversity throughout the sampling period. Overall, this region's supplementation efforts appear to have had a minimal effect on the genetic diversity of its Chinook Salmon populations. C1 [Van Doornik, Donald M.; Berntson, Ewann A.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Eddy, Debra L.; Hoffnagle, Timothy L.] Eastern Oregon Univ, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife Northeast Cent Fish R, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Waples, Robin S.; Moran, Paul] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Boe, Stephen J.] Agr Serv Ctr, Island City, OR 97850 USA. RP Van Doornik, DM (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM don.vandoornik@noaa.gov RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 FU Bonneville Power Administration FX The authors thank the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission, and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife for assistance with sample collecting and the Bonneville Power Administration for providing funding for this research. Jeff Hard, Linda Park, and David Teel provided valuable reviews of previous versions of this manuscript. NR 72 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 55 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 4 BP 693 EP 706 DI 10.1080/02755947.2013.790861 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 201MJ UT WOS:000323145400003 ER PT J AU Chaouch, N Leconte, R Magagi, R Temimi, M Khanbilvardi, R AF Chaouch, Naira Leconte, Robert Magagi, Ramata Temimi, Marouane Khanbilvardi, Reza TI Multi-Stage Inversion Method to Retrieve Soil Moisture from Passive Microwave Measurements over the Mackenzie River Basin SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION OPTICAL DEPTH; POLARIZATION DIFFERENCE INDEX; AMSR-E; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; UNITED-STATES; EMISSION; TEMPERATURES; RADIOMETER; SYSTEM; ENERGY AB An approach is proposed to estimate soil moisture from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) 6.9 GHz passive microwave observations. The approach was evaluated over two watersheds in the Mackenzie River Basin in northwestern Canada as a contribution to the Canadian Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) study and the Mackenzie GEWEX Study (MAGS). Based on the sensitivity of the emitted microwave signal to soil roughness and vegetation parameters, a two-stage method was applied to calibrate a microwave radiative transfer model. Roughness parameters were determined using observations taken under dry conditions. Vegetation parameters were determined using observations taken under wet conditions. Obtained soil roughness and vegetation parameters were then integrated in the radiative transfer model to retrieve soil moisture. The performances of the proposed approach were evaluated against in situ observations, estimates from the NASA soil moisture product (AMSR-E), model-based soil moisture estimates from the NARR and gauge-based precipitation observations. The lowest RMSE of 0.0254 g/cm(3) was obtained between the retrieved soil moisture and in situ soil moisture. But, the RMSE between the NARR estimates and in situ soil moisture was 0.055 g/cm(3) and between the NASA AMSR-E product and in situ observation was 0.072 g/cm(3). This implies that the proposed approach led to an improvement of 55% and 72% in the obtained RMSE over NARR and NASA AMSR-E soil moisture, respectively. It is noteworthy that the proposed approach is expandable to larger watersheds and very appropriate for remote regions like the Mackenzie River Basin where information on roughness and vegetation are scarce. C1 [Chaouch, Naira; Temimi, Marouane; Khanbilvardi, Reza] CUNY, NOAA CREST Inst, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Leconte, Robert] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Civil Engn, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Magagi, Ramata] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Geomat Appl, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. RP Chaouch, N (reprint author), CUNY, NOAA CREST Inst, Steinman Hall, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM nchaouch@ccny.cuny.edu FU MAGS; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) FX This work was supported by MAGS and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). The authors would like to thank Professor William L. Quinton at the Department of Geography and Environment Studies at Wilfrid Laurier University for providing the in situ soil moisture observations at Scotty Creek. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 12 IS 3 DI 10.2136/vzj2012.0134 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 201RV UT WOS:000323161600032 ER PT J AU Bahnfleth, WP Fisk, WJ Burroughs, HEB Persily, A Martin, SB Stanke, D Li, YG AF Bahnfleth, William P. Fisk, William J. Burroughs, H. E. Barney Persily, Andrew Martin, Stephen B. Stanke, Dennis Li, Yuguo TI Shaping the Next Indoor Air Quality SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Fisk, William J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Persily, Andrew] NIST, Div Energy & Environm, Indoor Air Qual & Ventilat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Martin, Stephen B.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp Dis Studies, Field Studies Branch, Washington, DC USA. [Li, Yuguo] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Mech Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 55 IS 8 BP 50 EP + PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 202DH UT WOS:000323193200015 ER PT J AU Korngut, PM Renbarger, T Arai, T Battle, J Bock, J Brown, SW Cooray, A Hristov, V Keating, B Kim, MG Lanz, A Lee, DH Levenson, LR Lykke, KR Mason, P Matsumoto, T Matsuura, S Nam, UW Shultz, B Smith, AW Sullivan, I Tsumura, K Wada, T Zemcov, M AF Korngut, P. M. Renbarger, T. Arai, T. Battle, J. Bock, J. Brown, S. W. Cooray, A. Hristov, V. Keating, B. Kim, M. G. Lanz, A. Lee, D. H. Levenson, L. R. Lykke, K. R. Mason, P. Matsumoto, T. Matsuura, S. Nam, U. W. Shultz, B. Smith, A. W. Sullivan, I. Tsumura, K. Wada, T. Zemcov, M. TI THE COSMIC INFRARED BACKGROUND EXPERIMENT (CIBER): THE NARROW-BAND SPECTROMETER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE infrared: diffuse background; instrumentation: spectrographs; methods: laboratory; space vehicles: instruments; techniques: spectroscopic; zodiacal dust ID DIRBE MINUS 2MASS; 3.5 MU-M; ZODIACAL LIGHT; INTERPLANETARY DUST; EXPERIMENT SEARCH; DETECTIONS; SPECTRUM; DENSITY; SPACE AB We have developed a near-infrared spectrometer designed to measure the absolute intensity of the solar 854.2 nm Ca II Fraunhofer line, scattered by interplanetary dust, in the zodiacal light (ZL) spectrum. Based on the known equivalent line width in the solar spectrum, this measurement can derive the zodiacal brightness, testing models of the ZL based on morphology that are used to determine the extragalactic background light in absolute photometry measurements. The spectrometer is based on a simple high-resolution tipped filter placed in front of a compact camera with wide-field refractive optics to provide the large optical throughput and high sensitivity required for rocket-borne observations. We discuss the instrument requirements for an accurate measurement of the absolute ZL brightness, the measured laboratory characterization, and the instrument performance in flight. C1 [Korngut, P. M.; Bock, J.; Zemcov, M.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Korngut, P. M.; Battle, J.; Bock, J.; Hristov, V.; Lanz, A.; Levenson, L. R.; Mason, P.; Zemcov, M.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Renbarger, T.; Keating, B.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Arai, T.; Matsumoto, T.; Matsuura, S.; Tsumura, K.; Wada, T.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, Dept Space Astron & Astrophys, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Arai, T.] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Brown, S. W.; Lykke, K. R.; Smith, A. W.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cooray, A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Cosmol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Kim, M. G.; Matsumoto, T.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Lee, D. H.; Nam, U. W.] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst KASI, Taejon 305348, South Korea. [Matsumoto, T.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Shultz, B.] Materion Barr Precis Opt & Thin Film Coatings, Westford, MA 01886 USA. [Sullivan, I.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Korngut, PM (reprint author), NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM pkorngut@caltech.edu RI Matsuura, Shuji/B-5658-2016 OI Matsuura, Shuji/0000-0002-5698-9634 FU NASA APRA [NNX07AI54G, NNG05WC18G, NNX07AG43G, NNX07AJ24G, NNX10AE12G]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Director's Research and Development Fund; NSF CAREER award; UCSD Hellman Faculty Fellowship; JSPS Research Fellowship for Young Scientists; NASA Postdoctoral Fellowships FX This work was supported by NASA APRA research Grants NNX07AI54G, NNG05WC18G, NNX07AG43G, NNX07AJ24G, and NNX10AE12G. Initial support was provided by an award to J.B. from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Director's Research and Development Fund. Japanese participation in CIBER was supported by KAKENHI (20.34, 18204018, 19540250, 21340047, and 21111004) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT). Korean participation in CIBER was supported by the Pioneer Project from the Korea Astronomy and Space science Institute (KASI).; We acknowledge the dedicated efforts of the sounding rocket staff at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility and the White Sands Missile Range. We also acknowledge the work of the Genesia Corporation for technical support of the CIBER optics. A. C. acknowledges support from an NSF CAREER award, B. K. acknowledges support from a UCSD Hellman Faculty Fellowship, K. T. acknowledges support from the JSPS Research Fellowship for Young Scientists, and M.Z. and P. M. K acknowledge support from NASA Postdoctoral Fellowships. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 207 IS 2 AR UNSP 34 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/207/2/34 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 195NO UT WOS:000322710000016 ER PT J AU Tsumura, K Arai, T Battle, J Bock, J Brown, S Cooray, A Hristov, V Keating, B Kim, MG Lee, DH Levenson, LR Lykke, K Mason, P Matsumoto, T Matsuura, S Murata, K Nam, UW Renbarger, T Smith, A Sullivan, I Suzuki, K Wada, T Zemcov, M AF Tsumura, K. Arai, T. Battle, J. Bock, J. Brown, S. Cooray, A. Hristov, V. Keating, B. Kim, M. G. Lee, D. H. Levenson, L. R. Lykke, K. Mason, P. Matsumoto, T. Matsuura, S. Murata, K. Nam, U. W. Renbarger, T. Smith, A. Sullivan, I. Suzuki, K. Wada, T. Zemcov, M. TI THE COSMIC INFRARED BACKGROUND EXPERIMENT (CIBER): THE LOW RESOLUTION SPECTROMETER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE cosmic background radiation; infrared: diffuse background; instrumentation: spectrographs; methods: laboratory; space vehicles: instruments; techniques: spectroscopic ID DEEP GALAXY COUNTS; DIRBE MINUS 2MASS; PRIMORDIAL STARS; 1ST DETECTIONS; GAMMA-RAYS; LIGHT; BLAZARS; TELESCOPE; SPECTRUM; IMPRINT AB Absolute spectrophotometric measurements of diffuse radiation at 1 mu m to 2 mu m are crucial to our understanding of the radiative content of the universe from nucleosynthesis since the epoch of reionization, the composition and structure of the zodiacal dust cloud in our solar system, and the diffuse galactic light arising from starlight scattered by interstellar dust. The Low Resolution Spectrometer (LRS) on the rocket-borne Cosmic Infrared Background Experiment is a lambda/Delta lambda similar to 15-30 absolute spectrophotometer designed to make precision measurements of the absolute near-infrared sky brightness between 0.75 mu m < lambda < 2.1 mu m. This paper presents the optical, mechanical, and electronic design of the LRS, as well as the ground testing, characterization, and calibration measurements undertaken before flight to verify its performance. The LRS is shown to work to specifications, achieving the necessary optical and sensitivity performance. We describe our understanding and control of sources of systematic error for absolute photometry of the near-infrared extragalactic background light. C1 [Tsumura, K.; Arai, T.; Matsumoto, T.; Matsuura, S.; Murata, K.; Wada, T.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, Dept Space Astron & Astrophys, Inst Space & Astronout Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Arai, T.] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Battle, J.; Bock, J.; Zemcov, M.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bock, J.; Hristov, V.; Levenson, L. R.; Mason, P.; Zemcov, M.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Brown, S.; Lykke, K.; Smith, A.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cooray, A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Cosmol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Keating, B.; Renbarger, T.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Kim, M. G.; Matsumoto, T.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Lee, D. H.; Nam, U. W.] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst KASI, Taejon 305348, South Korea. [Murata, K.] Grad Univ Adv Studies, Sch Phys Sci, Dept Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Sullivan, I.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Suzuki, K.] Nagoya Univ, Ctr Tech, Instrument Dev Grp, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. RP Tsumura, K (reprint author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, Dept Space Astron & Astrophys, Inst Space & Astronout Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. EM tsumura@ir.isas.jaxa.jp RI Matsuura, Shuji/B-5658-2016 OI Matsuura, Shuji/0000-0002-5698-9634 FU NASA APRA [NNX07AI54G, NNG05WC18G, NNX07AG43G, NNX07AJ24G]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Director's Research and Development Fund; JSPS Research Fellowship for the Young Scientists; NASA Postdoctoral Fellowship; NSF CAREER award FX This work was supported by NASA APRA research grants NNX07AI54G, NNG05WC18G, NNX07AG43G, and NNX07AJ24G. Initial support was provided by an award to J.B. from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Director's Research and Development Fund. Japanese participation in CIBER was supported by KAKENHI (20.34, 18204018, 19540250, 21340047, 21111004, and 24111717) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT). Korean participation in CIBER was supported by the Pioneer Project from the Korea Astronomy and Space science Institute (KASI).; We would like to acknowledge the dedicated efforts of the sounding rocket staff at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility and the White Sands Missile Range. We also acknowledge the work of the Genesia Corporation for technical support of the CIBER optics. K. T. acknowledges support from the JSPS Research Fellowship for the Young Scientists, M.Z. acknowledges support from a NASA Postdoctoral Fellowship, and A. C. acknowledges support from an NSF CAREER award. We thank the referee for useful suggestions which have improved this manuscript. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 207 IS 2 AR UNSP 33 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/207/2/33 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 195NO UT WOS:000322710000015 ER PT J AU Fu, XH Lee, JY Hsu, PC Taniguchi, H Wang, B Wang, WQ Weaver, S AF Fu, Xiouhua Lee, June-Yi Hsu, Pang-Chi Taniguchi, Hiroshi Wang, Bin Wang, Wanqiu Weaver, Scott TI Multi-model MJO forecasting during DYNAMO/CINDY period SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE MJO forecasting skill; GFS, CFSv2, and UH global models; DYNAMO/CINDY field campaign; Air-sea coupling; Atmosphere-only forecast; MJO-TC interactions; Extended-range TC forecasting ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; WESTERN PACIFIC; CLIMATE MODELS; COUPLED MODEL; INDIAN OCEANS; VARIABILITY; SIMULATION AB The present study assesses the forecast skill of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) observed during the period of DYNAMO (Dynamics of the MJO)/CINDY (Cooperative Indian Ocean Experiment on Intraseasonal Variability in Year 2011) field campaign in the GFS (NCEP Global Forecast System), CFSv2 (NCEP Climate Forecast System version 2) and UH (University of Hawaii) models, and revealed their strength and weakness in forecasting initiation and propagation of the MJO. Overall, the models forecast better the successive MJO which follows the preceding event than that with no preceding event (primary MJO). The common modeling problems include too slow eastward propagation, the Maritime Continent barrier and weak intensity. The forecasting skills of MJO major modes reach 13, 25 and 28 days, respectively, in the GFS atmosphere-only model, the CFSv2 and UH coupled models. An equal-weighted multi-model ensemble with the CFSv2 and UH models reaches 36 days. Air-sea coupling plays an important role for initiation and propagation of the MJO and largely accounts for the skill difference between the GFS and CFSv2. A series of forecasting experiments by forcing UH model with persistent, forecasted and observed daily SST further demonstrate that: (1) air-sea coupling extends MJO skill by about 1 week; (2) atmosphere-only forecasts driven by forecasted daily SST have a similar skill as the coupled forecasts, which suggests that if the high-resolution GFS is forced with CFSv2 forecasted daily SST, its forecast skill can be much higher than its current level as forced with persistent SST; (3) atmosphere-only forecasts driven by observed daily SST reaches beyond 40 days. It is also found that the MJO-TC (Tropical Cyclone) interactions have been much better represented in the UH and CFSv2 models than that in the GFS model. Both the CFSv2 and UH coupled models reasonably well capture the development of westerly wind bursts associated with November 2011 MJO and the cyclogenesis of TC05A in the Indian Ocean with a lead time of 2 weeks. However, the high-resolution GFS atmosphere-only model fails to reproduce the November MJO and the genesis of TC05A at 2 weeks' lead. This result highlights the necessity to get MJO right in order to ensure skillful extended-range TC forecasting. C1 [Fu, Xiouhua; Lee, June-Yi; Hsu, Pang-Chi; Taniguchi, Hiroshi; Wang, Bin] Univ Hawaii Manoa, IPRC, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wang, Wanqiu; Weaver, Scott] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, College Pk, MD USA. RP Fu, XH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, IPRC, SOEST, 1680 East West Rd,POST Bldg 409D, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM xfu@hawaii.edu FU NOAA [NA11OAR4310096, NA10OAR4310247]; NSF [AGS-1005599]; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC); NASA; NOAA through IPRC; APEC Climate Center; CMA project [GYHY201206016] FX This work was sponsored by NOAA (NA11OAR4310096 & NA10OAR4310247), NSF (AGS-1005599) and by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), NASA, and NOAA through their supports of the IPRC. Additional supports are from APEC Climate Center and CMA project (GYHY201206016). We thank Dr. Matt Wheeler for sharing his codes to filter out MJO and equatorial waves in Fig. 1. This paper is SOEST contribution number 8961 and IPRC contribution number 992. NR 72 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 41 IS 3-4 BP 1067 EP 1081 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1859-9 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 194GQ UT WOS:000322619500032 ER PT J AU Riddle, EE Butler, AH Furtado, JC Cohen, JL Kumar, A AF Riddle, Emily E. Butler, Amy H. Furtado, Jason C. Cohen, Judah L. Kumar, Arun TI CFSv2 ensemble prediction of the wintertime Arctic Oscillation SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Arctic Oscillation; Stratosphere-troposphere coupling; Seasonal forecasting; Eurasian snow cover; Climate prediction; Modes of climate variability ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; SEASONAL PREDICTION; HEMISPHERE WINTER; SNOW COVER; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; EL-NINO; SEA-ICE; SKILL; STRATOSPHERE AB Lagged ensembles from the operational Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) seasonal hindcast dataset are used to assess skill in forecasting interannual variability of the December-February Arctic Oscillation (AO). We find that a small but statistically significant portion of the interannual variance (> 20 %) of the wintertime AO can be predicted at leads up to 2 months using lagged ensemble averages. As far as we are aware, this is the first study to demonstrate that an operational model has discernible skill in predicting AO variability on seasonal timescales. We find that the CFS forecast skill is slightly higher when a weighted ensemble is used that rewards forecast runs with the most accurate representations of October Eurasian snow cover extent (SCE), hinting that a stratospheric pathway linking October Eurasian SCE with the AO may be responsible for the model skill. However, further analysis reveals that the CFS is unable to capture many important aspects of this stratospheric mechanism. Model deficiencies identified include: (1) the CFS significantly underestimates the observed variance in October Eurasian SCE, (2) the CFS fails to translate surface pressure anomalies associated with SCE anomalies into vertically propagating waves, and (3) stratospheric AO patterns in the CFS fail to propagate downward through the tropopause to the surface. Thus, alternate boundary forcings are likely contributing to model skill. Improving model deficiencies identified in this study may lead to even more skillful predictions of wintertime AO variability in future versions of the CFS. C1 [Riddle, Emily E.; Butler, Amy H.; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Riddle, Emily E.] Wyle Sci Technol & Engn Grp, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Furtado, Jason C.; Cohen, Judah L.] Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. RP Riddle, EE (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Emily.Riddle@noaa.gov RI Butler, Amy/K-6190-2012; Furtado, Jason/A-3459-2015 OI Butler, Amy/0000-0002-3632-0925; Furtado, Jason/0000-0001-6580-2109 FU NOAA [NA10OAR4310163] FX Work for this project was supported by NOAA Grant #NA10OAR4310163. The observational snow cover dataset was provided by Rutgers University Global Snow Lab. We greatly appreciate helpful editorial comments provided by Dan Collins, Craig Long and two anonymous reviewers. NR 62 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 41 IS 3-4 BP 1099 EP 1116 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1850-5 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 194GQ UT WOS:000322619500034 ER PT J AU Hale, MC Thrower, FP Berntson, EA Miller, MR Nichols, KM AF Hale, Matthew C. Thrower, Frank P. Berntson, Ewann A. Miller, Michael R. Nichols, Krista M. TI Evaluating Adaptive Divergence Between Migratory and Nonmigratory Ecotypes of a Salmonid Fish, Oncorhynchus mykiss SO G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS LA English DT Article DE smoltification; life history variation; genomics; SNP; salmonids ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; RAINBOW-TROUT GENOME; GENETIC-BASIS; SNP DISCOVERY; POPULATION GENOMICS; NATURAL-SELECTION; ANIMAL MIGRATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; STEELHEAD TROUT AB Next-generation sequencing and the application of population genomic and association approaches have made it possible to detect selection and unravel the genetic basis to variable phenotypic traits. The use of these two approaches in parallel is especially attractive in nonmodel organisms that lack a sequenced and annotated genome, but only works well when population structure is not confounded with the phenotype of interest. Herein, we use population genomics in a nonmodel fish species, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), to better understand adaptive divergence between migratory and nonmigratory ecotypes and to further our understanding about the genetic basis of migration. Restriction site-associated DNA (RAD) tag sequencing was used to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in migrant and resident O. mykiss from two systems, one in Alaska and the other in Oregon. A total of 7920 and 6755 SNPs met filtering criteria in the Alaska and Oregon data sets, respectively. Population genetic tests determined that 1423 SNPs were candidates for selection when loci were compared between resident and migrant samples. Previous linkage mapping studies that used RAD DNA tag SNPs were available to determine the position of 1990 markers. Several significant SNPs are located in genome regions that contain quantitative trait loci for migratory-related traits, reinforcing the importance of these regions in the genetic basis of migration/residency. Annotation of genome regions linked to significant SNPs revealed genes involved in processes known to be important in migration (such as osmoregulatory function). This study adds to our growing knowledge on adaptive divergence between migratory and nonmigratory ecotypes of this species; across studies, this complex trait appears to be controlled by many loci of small effect, with some in common, but many loci not shared between populations studied. C1 [Hale, Matthew C.; Nichols, Krista M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN USA. [Thrower, Frank P.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ted Stevens Marine Inst, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Berntson, Ewann A.; Nichols, Krista M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Miller, Michael R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Nichols, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM krista.nichols@noaa.gov RI chen, zhu/K-5923-2013 FU NSF [NSF-DEB-0845265] FX We thank Nick Marra, Ashley Chin-Baarstad, Garrett McKinney, Julie Scardina, Vanessa Reynolds Hale, Mike Ford, Jeff Hard, and anonymous reviewers and editors for comments and suggestions on the manuscript. Phillip San Miguel, Paul Parker, and Ann Feil were instrumental in the sequencing of the Illumina RAD tag libraries. Garrett McKinney provided assistance with Perl scripts to help parse and analyze the data. Charlie Waters, John Colletti, and Michael Zanis provided field assistance in the collection of Alaskan samples. Heather Holzhauer helped in extracting the DNA from the Alaskan samples. Mike Flesher and his crew helped collect samples from the Little Sheep Creek population. Yniv Palti and Guangtu Guo were helpful in discussions on the scripts used to construct the SNP databases. Funding was provided by an NSF Career award to K.M.N. (NSF-DEB-0845265). NR 67 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 134 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2160-1836 J9 G3-GENES GENOM GENET JI G3-Genes Genomes Genet. PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 3 IS 8 BP 1273 EP 1285 DI 10.1534/g3.113.006817 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 197BJ UT WOS:000322822300010 PM 23797103 ER PT J AU Wilks, DS Livezey, RE AF Wilks, Daniel S. Livezey, Robert E. TI Performance of Alternative "Normals" for Tracking Climate Changes, Using Homogenized and Nonhomogenized Seasonal U.S. Surface Temperatures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Changepoint analysis; Regression analysis; Time series; Hindcasts; Seasonal forecasting ID SERIES AB Eleven alternatives to the annually updated 30-yr average for specifying climate normals are considered for the purpose of projecting nonstationarity in the mean U.S. temperature climate during 2006-12. Comparisons are made for homogenized U.S. Historical Climatology Network station data, corresponding nonhomogenized station data, and spatially aggregated (megadivision) data. The use of homogenized station data shows clear improvement over nonhomogenized station data and spatially aggregated data in terms of mean-squared specification errors on independent data. The best single method overall was the most recent 15-yr average as implemented by the Climate Prediction Center (CPC15), consistent with previous work using nonhomogenized and spatially aggregated data, although hinge functions with the change point fixed at 1975 performed well for the spring and summer seasons. A hybrid normals-specification method, using one of these piecewise continuous functions when the regressions are sufficiently strong and the CPC15 otherwise, exhibits a favorable trade-off between squared error and bias that may make it an optimal choice for some users. C1 [Wilks, Daniel S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Livezey, Robert E.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Wilks, DS (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM dsw5@cornell.edu FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1112200] FX We thank the anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that lead to improvements in this paper. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant AGS-1112200. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 52 IS 8 BP 1677 EP 1687 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-026.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 200BP UT WOS:000323041800001 ER PT J AU Collis, S Protat, A May, PT Williams, C AF Collis, Scott Protat, Alain May, Peter T. Williams, Christopher TI Statistics of Storm Updraft Velocities from TWP-ICE Including Verification with Profiling Measurements SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tropics; Dynamics; Vertical motion; Monsoons; Profilers; atmospheric; Radars; Radar observations ID VERTICAL VELOCITY; MICROPHYSICAL EVOLUTION; FLORIDA CUMULONIMBUS; RADAR NETWORK; WIND PROFILER; DOPPLER; MOTION; PRECIPITATION; BAND AB Comparisons between direct measurements and modeled values of vertical air motions in precipitating systems are complicated by differences in temporal and spatial scales. On one hand, vertically profiling radars more directly measure the vertical air motion but do not adequately capture full storm dynamics. On the other hand, vertical air motions retrieved from two or more scanning Doppler radars capture the full storm dynamics but require model constraints that may not capture all updraft features because of inadequate sampling, resolution, numerical constraints, and the fact that the storm is evolving as it is scanned by the radars. To investigate the veracity of radar-based retrievals, which can be used to verify numerically modeled vertical air motions, this article presents several case studies from storm events around Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia, in which measurements from a dual-frequency radar profiler system and volumetric radar-based wind retrievals are compared. While a direct comparison was not possible because of instrumentation location, an indirect comparison shows promising results, with volume retrievals comparing well to those obtained from the profiling system. This prompted a statistical analysis of an extended period of an active monsoon period during the Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE). Results show less vigorous deep convective cores with maximum updraft velocities occurring at lower heights than some cloud-resolving modeling studies suggest. C1 [Collis, Scott] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Protat, Alain; May, Peter T.] Australian Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Williams, Christopher] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Williams, Christopher] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Collis, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Bldg 240,9700 South Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM scollis@anl.gov RI Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015 OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) as part of the ARM Program; DOE Atmospheric Sciences Research (ASR) program [DE-SC0007080] FX Argonne National Laboratory's work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. This work has been supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) as part of the ARM Program. Author CRW was supported by DOE Atmospheric Sciences Research (ASR) program Grant DE-SC0007080. We thank all involved in the TWP-ICE field program for their work in collecting a world-class dataset. Special thanks are given to Brad Atkinson and Dennis Klau for the continual upkeep of the CPOL radar. Thanks are also given to Kao-Shen Chung and Isztar Zawadzki for providing the original McGill multi-Doppler code. The bulk of the code has been written using the open-source NumPy and SciPy projects, and the authors are grateful to the authors of these projects. This manuscript has benefited greatly from reviews from Susan Rennie and Edwin Campos and the two anonymous reviewers. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 52 IS 8 BP 1909 EP 1922 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0230.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 200BP UT WOS:000323041800016 ER PT J AU Mazur, V Ruhnke, LH Warner, TA Orville, RE AF Mazur, Vladislav Ruhnke, Lothar H. Warner, Tom A. Orville, Richard E. TI Recoil leader formation and development SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROSTATICS LA English DT Article DE Lightning; Positive leader; Recoil leader ID THUNDERSTORMS; AIRCRAFT; MODEL AB The existing interpretation in the lightning literature, based on field measurements, defines recoil leaders as negative leaders. However recoil leaders are floating conductors, and, based on this physical assumption, they should be defined as bipolar and bidirectional leaders. This physics-based assumption has never previously been verified experimentally. Such verification, reported in this paper, has been obtained from observations of branched upward positive leaders from a tall tower using a high-speed video system synchronized with electric and magnetic field change and luminosity measurements on the ground. The analysis of these observations clearly reveals the nature of recoil and dart leaders as bidirectional and bipolar electrodeless discharges that develop from a small region along a path of the decayed channels of a previous positive leader, or a positively charged return stroke of negative CG flashes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mazur, Vladislav] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Ruhnke, Lothar H.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73972 USA. [Warner, Tom A.] Inst Atmospher Sci, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. [Orville, Richard E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. RP Mazur, V (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM vlad.mazur@noaa.gov RI Orville, Richard/G-9866-2012; OI Orville, Richard/0000-0003-0280-7169; Warner, Tom/0000-0001-8589-3351 FU FAA Grant; National Science Foundation [ATM-0813672] FX The authors acknowledge partial support of this work from an FAA Grant to the National Severe Storms Laboratory and by the Grant ATM-0813672 from the National Science Foundation. The authors are grateful to Marijo Hennagin-Mazur for her help with the editing of this paper. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3886 J9 J ELECTROSTAT JI J. Electrost. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 71 IS 4 BP 763 EP 768 DI 10.1016/j.elstat.2013.05.001 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 199UB UT WOS:000323019900022 ER PT J AU Edson, JB Jampana, V Weller, RA Bigorre, SP Plueddemann, AJ Fairall, CW Miller, SD Mahrt, L Vickers, D Hersbach, H AF Edson, James B. Jampana, Venkata Weller, Robert A. Bigorre, Sebastien P. Plueddemann, Albert J. Fairall, Christopher W. Miller, Scott D. Mahrt, Larry Vickers, Dean Hersbach, Hans TI On the Exchange of Momentum over the Open Ocean SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Wind shear; Wind stress; Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Fluxes; Momentum; Algorithms ID SEA-SURFACE ROUGHNESS; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; FLUX-PROFILE RELATIONSHIPS; WIND STRESS; DRAG COEFFICIENT; AIR-FLOW; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; WAVE AGE; RESPONSE EXPERIMENT; COASTAL ZONE AB This study investigates the exchange of momentum between the atmosphere and ocean using data collected from four oceanic field experiments. Direct covariance estimates of momentum fluxes were collected in all four experiments and wind profiles were collected during three of them. The objective of the investigation is to improve parameterizations of the surface roughness and drag coefficient used to estimate the surface stress from bulk formulas. Specifically, the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) 3.0 bulk flux algorithm is refined to create COARE 3.5. Oversea measurements of dimensionless shear are used to investigate the stability function under stable and convective conditions. The behavior of surface roughness is then investigated over a wider range of wind speeds (up to 25 m s(-1)) and wave conditions than have been available from previous oversea field studies. The wind speed dependence of the Charnock coefficient in the COARE algorithm is modified to , where m = 0.017 m(-1) s and b = -0.005. When combined with a parameterization for smooth flow, this formulation gives better agreement with the stress estimates from all of the field programs at all winds speeds with significant improvement for wind speeds over 13 m s(-1). Wave age- and wave slope-dependent parameterizations of the surface roughness are also investigated, but the COARE 3.5 wind speed-dependent formulation matches the observations well without any wave information. The available data provide a simple reason for why wind speed-, wave age-, and wave slope-dependent formulations give similar resultsthe inverse wave age varies nearly linearly with wind speed in long-fetch conditions for wind speeds up to 25 m s(-1). C1 [Edson, James B.; Jampana, Venkata] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Weller, Robert A.; Bigorre, Sebastien P.; Plueddemann, Albert J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Fairall, Christopher W.] NOAA, Environm Syst Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Miller, Scott D.] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Mahrt, Larry; Vickers, Dean] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hersbach, Hans] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. RP Edson, JB (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, 1080 Shennecossett Rd, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM james.edson@uconn.edu FU National Science Foundation as part of the CLIVAR Mode Water Dynamics Experiment (CLIMODE) [OCE04-24536]; Office of Naval Research as part of the CBLAST-LOW program [N00014-05-1-0139] FX This work was funded by the National Science Foundation Grant OCE04-24536 as part of the CLIVAR Mode Water Dynamics Experiment (CLIMODE) and the Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-05-1-0139 as part of the CBLAST-LOW program. We thank Jon Ware and Steve Faluotico (WHOI-AOP&E) and the personnel of the Upper Ocean Processes group (WHOI-PO), who designed, calibrated, maintained, and deployed the components of the ASIT, ASIS, and surface mooring. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Carl Friehe at the University of California, Irvine, who conceived and led many of these investigations. His scientific insight, curiosity, and humor remain an inspiration for all of us. NR 73 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 47 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1589 EP 1610 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-12-0173.1 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 201JB UT WOS:000323135400005 ER PT J AU Wang, GQ Soler, T AF Wang, Guoquan Soler, Tomas TI Using OPUS for Measuring Vertical Displacements in Houston, Texas SO JOURNAL OF SURVEYING ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Global positioning systems; Texas; Land subsidence; Displacement; Accuracy; CORS; GPS; Houston; OPUS; Subsidence ID CURRENT PLATE MOTIONS; GPS; ACCURACY; SERVICES; MODEL AB The Houston area has been suffering from subsidence for several decades. Therefore, continuously operating reference stations (CORS) in this area may have experienced considerable vertical displacements. The Online Positioning User Service (OPUS), provided by the National Geodetic Survey (NGS), uses CORS as references in its data processing. This study investigated what effects, if any, the subsidence experienced by these CORS around Houston contributes to the accuracy of OPUS vertical results. Our OPUS results were determined from three long-term (over 10-year) blocks of continuous data using Global Positioning System (GPS) stations located in different parts of the Houston area. The OPUS results were compared with the vertical measurements from the precise point positioning with single receiver phase ambiguity (PPP-SRPA) solution implicit in the GIPSY/OASIS 6.1.2 software. This particular study indicates that OPUS achieves 1.0-cm vertical accuracy for daily sessions (24 h) in the region around Houston, which is comparable to the OPUS accuracy previously reported in other investigations. Subsidence as slow as can be detected by analyzing OPUS results spanning 5 or more years of data. Our main conclusion is that the subsidence experienced by NGS CORS in the Houston area does not considerably affect the accuracy of OPUS vertical results. For those users who require a few centimeters of vertical accuracy for daily sessions, OPUS is a good choice, because users do not need to establish any control stations and do not need to install any GPS software packages on their local computers. C1 [Wang, Guoquan] Univ Houston, Natl Ctr Airborne Laser Mapping, Dept Geosci & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Soler, Tomas] NOAA, Spatial Reference Syst Div, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wang, GQ (reprint author), Univ Houston, Natl Ctr Airborne Laser Mapping, Dept Geosci & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM gwang@uh.edu; tom.soler@noaa.gov RI Soler, Tomas/F-6386-2010 FU NSF CAREER award [EAR-0842314] FX The authors thank the NGS CORS and OPUS teams for allowing us to process a large number of files. We thank the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District for making their long-term GPS data available to the public and USGS for making Houston extensometer data available to the public. The first author appreciates many thoughtful comments from Mr. Cliff Middleton, one of the NGS State Geodetic Advisors in Texas. This study was supported by a NSF CAREER award (EAR-0842314). NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9453 J9 J SURV ENG JI J. Surv. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 139 IS 3 BP 126 EP 134 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000103 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 195RF UT WOS:000322720600003 ER PT J AU Heyliger, PR Johnson, W AF Heyliger, Paul R. Johnson, Ward TI Continuum-based free vibration of circular trigonal and isotropic plates SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ARBITRARY THICKNESS; FREQUENCIES; CYLINDERS AB The free vibration behavior of completely unrestrained elastic circular plates with trigonal and isotropic material symmetry is studied with an approach involving approximate continuum solutions to the three-dimensional theory of linear elasticity. Of primary interest are (1) the influence of trigonal material symmetry on the modes of free vibration and (2) the accuracy of thin plate theory relative to the more exact three-dimensional theory. Resonant frequencies are calculated from the weak form of the equations of motion for the plate through the use of approximation functions and the Ritz method formulated in cylindrical coordinates. This approach enables the resulting eigenvalue problem to be split through group-theoretical symmetry analysis. Representative examples are given and quantitative limits are discussed. C1 [Heyliger, Paul R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Johnson, Ward] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Heyliger, PR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 134 IS 2 BP 1039 EP 1048 DI 10.1121/1.4812261 PN 1 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 195YE UT WOS:000322738900039 PM 23927103 ER PT J AU McElhany, P Busch, DS AF McElhany, Paul Busch, D. Shallin TI Appropriate pCO(2) treatments in ocean acidification experiments SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CONSEQUENCES; COASTAL; SHELF AB Experiments in which organisms are reared in treatments simulating current and future pCO(2) concentrations are critical for ocean acidification (OA) research. The majority of OA exposure experiments use average atmospheric pCO(2) levels as a baseline treatment. We conducted an ecoregion-scale analysis of global carbon chemistry datasets. For many locales, atmospheric pCO(2) levels are not an appropriate characterization of marine carbon chemistry. We argue that atmospheric pCO(2) should be disregarded when setting baseline treatment conditions and experimental design should rely on measurements of carbon chemistry in a study subject's habitat. As carbon chemistry conditions vary with space and time, we suggest using a range of pCO(2) values as a control rather than a single value. We illustrate this issue with data on the habitat of Euphausia pacifica, which currently lives in waters with a pCO(2) around 900 mu atm, a concentration much higher than the current global atmospheric mean. C1 [McElhany, Paul; Busch, D. Shallin] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP McElhany, P (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM paul.mcelhany@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 160 IS 8 SI SI BP 1807 EP 1812 DI 10.1007/s00227-012-2052-0 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 200KB UT WOS:000323066600004 ER PT J AU Manuel, SA Coates, KA Kenworthy, WJ Fourqurean, JW AF Manuel, Sarah A. Coates, Kathryn A. Kenworthy, W. Judson Fourqurean, James W. TI Tropical species at the northern limit of their range: Composition and distribution in Bermuda's benthic habitats in relation to depth and light availability SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Seagrass; Macroalgae; Benthic habitats; Light; Distribution; Climate change; Coral reefs ID SEAGRASS THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; HALODULE-WRIGHTII; WATER-QUALITY; HALOPHILA-DECIPIENS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CORAL-REEFS; SYRINGODIUM-FILIFORME; FLORIDA; PRODUCTIVITY; NUTRIENT AB Surveys were undertaken on the shallow Bermuda marine platform between 2006 and 2008 to provide a baseline of the distribution, condition and environmental characteristics of benthic communities. Bermuda is located in temperate latitudes but coral reefs, tropical seagrasses and calcareous green algae are common in the shallow waters of the platform. The dominant organisms of these communities are all living at or near their northern latitudinal range limits in the Atlantic Ocean. Among the major benthic autotrophs surveyed, seagrasses were most restricted by light availability We found that the relatively slow-growing and long-lived seagrass Thalassia testudinum is restricted to habitats with much higher light availability than in the tropical locations where this species is commonly found. In contrast, the faster growing tropical seagrasses in Bermuda, Syringodium filiforme, Halodule sp. and Halophila decipiens, had similar ecological compensation depths (ECD) as in tropical locations. Increasing sea surface temperatures, concomitant with global climate change, may either drive or allow the poleward extensions of the ranges of such tropical species. However, due to latitudinal light limitations at least one abundant and common tropical autotroph, T testudinum, is able to occupy only shallower depths at the more temperate latitudes of Bermuda. We hypothesize that the poleward shift of seagrass species ranges would be accompanied by restrictions to even shallower depths of T. testudinum and by very different seagrass community structures than in tropical locations. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Manuel, Sarah A.; Coates, Kathryn A.] Dept Conservat Serv, Smiths Parish, Fl Bx, Bermuda. [Kenworthy, W. Judson] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, NCCOS, NOS, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Fourqurean, James W.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Marine Sci Program, North Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Fourqurean, James W.] Florida Int Univ, Southeast Environm Res Ctr, North Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Fourqurean, JW (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Marine Sci Program, North Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM smanuel@gov.bm; kacoates@gov.bm; jud.kenworthy@gmail.com; jim.fourqurean@fiu.edu RI Fourqurean, James/B-4606-2008 OI Fourqurean, James/0000-0002-0811-8500 FU Department of Conservation Services of the Government of Bermuda; Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research; NCCOS; NOS; NOAA FX The authors thank the Department of Conservation Services of the Government of Bermuda for logistic and financial support; Bermuda Zoological Society for information from digitized aerial photographs; Ms Mandy Shailer for assistance with mapping; and Mr Anson Nash for many hours of field support. Support for WJK was provided by the Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, NCCOS, NOS, NOAA; financial support for KAC was provided by Mr Bruce Dilke. This is contribution number 619 of the Southeast Environmental Research Center at Florida International University and contribution number 210 of the BBP series at the Department of Conservation Services library. NR 62 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 89 BP 63 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.05.003 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 199UP UT WOS:000323021300008 PM 23731757 ER PT J AU Brunner, CC Stern, SH Minniti, R Parry, MI Skopec, M Chakrabarti, K AF Brunner, Claudia C. Stern, Stanley H. Minniti, Ronaldo Parry, Marie I. Skopec, Marlene Chakrabarti, Kish TI CT head-scan dosimetry in an anthropomorphic phantom and associated measurement of ACR accreditation-phantom imaging metrics under clinically representative scan conditions SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE CT; dose; image quality; OSLDs ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; RADIATION-EXPOSURE; DOSE REDUCTION; ITERATIVE RECONSTRUCTION; PERSPECTIVE; STRATEGIES; QUALITY; SYSTEM AB Purpose: To measure radiation absorbed dose and its distribution in an anthropomorphic head phantom under clinically representative scan conditions in three widely used computed tomography (CT) scanners, and to relate those dose values to metrics such as high-contrast resolution, noise, and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in the American College of Radiology CT accreditation phantom. Methods: By inserting optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs) in the head of an anthropomorphic phantom specially developed for CT dosimetry (University of Florida, Gainesville), we measured dose with three commonly used scanners (GE Discovery CT750 HD, Siemens Definition, Philips Brilliance 64) at two different clinical sites (Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, National Institutes of Health). The scanners were set to operate with the same data-acquisition and image-reconstruction protocols as used clinically for typical head scans, respective of the practices of each facility for each scanner. We also analyzed images of the ACR CT accreditation phantom with the corresponding protocols. While the Siemens Definition and the Philips Brilliance protocols utilized only conventional, filtered back-projection (FBP) image-reconstruction methods, the GE Discovery also employed its particular version of an adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) algorithm that can be blended in desired proportions with the FBP algorithm. We did an objective image-metrics analysis evaluating the modulation transfer function (MTF), noise power spectrum (NPS), and CNR for images reconstructed with FBP. For images reconstructed with ASIR, we only analyzed the CNR, since MTF and NPS results are expected to depend on the object for iterative reconstruction algorithms. Results: The OSLD measurements showed that the Siemens Definition and the Philips Brilliance scanners (located at two different clinical facilities) yield average absorbed doses in tissue of 42.6 and 43.1 mGy, respectively. The GE Discovery delivers about the same amount of dose (43.7 mGy) when run under similar operating and image-reconstruction conditions, i.e., without tube current modulation and ASIR. The image-metrics analysis likewise showed that the MTF, NPS, and CNR associated with the reconstructed images are mutually comparable when the three scanners are run with similar settings, and differences can be attributed to different edge-enhancement properties of the applied reconstruction filters. Moreover, when the GE scanner was operated with the facility's scanner settings for routine head exams, which apply 50% ASIR and use only approximately half of the 100%-FBP dose, the CNR of the images showed no significant change. Even though the CNR alone is not sufficient to characterize the image quality and justify any dose reduction claims, it can be useful as a constancy test metric. Conclusions: This work presents a straightforward method to connect direct measurements of CT dose with objective image metrics such as high-contrast resolution, noise, and CNR. It demonstrates that OSLD measurements in an anthropomorphic head phantom allow a realistic and locally precise estimation of magnitude and spatial distribution of dose in tissue delivered during a typical CT head scan. Additional objective analysis of the images of the ACR accreditation phantom can be used to relate the measured doses to high contrast resolution, noise, and CNR. (C) 2013 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 [Brunner, Claudia C.; Stern, Stanley H.; Chakrabarti, Kish] US FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Minniti, Ronaldo] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Parry, Marie I.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Skopec, Marlene] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Chakrabarti, K (reprint author), US FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. EM kish.chakrabarti@fda.hhs.gov FU FDA Critical Path Initiative FX Claudia C. Brunner was funded by the FDA Critical Path Initiative. The authors wish to acknowledge the invaluable help provided by Arvel J. New (WRNMMC) and Fred Dowdell (NIH) in collecting data in clinical settings. The authors further thank John Jaeckle and Paavana Sainath of GE for lending us the GEPP and answering our questions as well as Dominic Siewko of Philips for his help. Finally, the authors want to thank Michelle O'Brien at NIST for her support in providing the x-ray reference beams at NIST. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 40 IS 8 AR 081917 DI 10.1118/1.4815964 PG 12 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 195XC UT WOS:000322735900039 PM 23927331 ER PT J AU Zhu, TC Bonnerup, C Colussi, VC Dowell, ML Finlay, JC Lilge, L Slowey, TW Sibata, C AF Zhu, Timothy C. Bonnerup, Chris Colussi, Valdir C. Dowell, Marla L. Finlay, Jarod C. Lilge, Lothar Slowey, Thomas W. Sibata, Claudio TI Absolute calibration of optical power for PDT: Report of AAPM TG140 SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE power meter; optical power; radiance ID PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY AB This report is primarily concerned with methods for optical calibration of laser power for continuous wave (CW) light sources, predominantly used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Light power calibration is very important for PDT, however, no clear standard has been established for the calibration procedure nor the requirements of power meters suitable for optical power calibration. The purposes of the report are to provide guidance for establishing calibration procedures for thermopile type power meters and establish calibration uncertainties for most commercially available detectors and readout assemblies. The authors have also provided a review of the use of various power meters for CW and pulsed optical sources, and provided recommended temporal frequencies for optical power meter calibrations and guidance for routine quality assurance procedure. (C) 2013 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 [Zhu, Timothy C.; Finlay, Jarod C.] Univ Penn, Dept Radiat Oncol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Bonnerup, Chris] E Carolina Univ, Dept Phys, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Colussi, Valdir C.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Radiat Oncol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Dowell, Marla L.] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lilge, Lothar] Princess Margaret Canc Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada. [Slowey, Thomas W.] K&S Associates Inc, Nashville, TN 37210 USA. [Sibata, Claudio] 21st Century Oncol, Ft Myers, FL 33907 USA. RP Zhu, TC (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Radiat Oncol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM tzhu@mail.med.upenn.edu; bonnerupc@ecu.edu; valdir.colussi@case.edu; marla.dowell@nist.gov; jarod.finlay@uphs.upenn.edu; LLilge@uhnres.utoronto.ca; tslowey@kslab.com; csibata@rtsx.com RI Lilge, lothar/J-6434-2013; OI Zhu, Timothy/0000-0003-2842-8984 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 40 IS 8 AR 081501 DI 10.1118/1.4813897 PG 13 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 195XC UT WOS:000322735900005 PM 23927297 ER PT J AU Rettew, RE Cheng, S Sauerbrey, M Manz, TA Sholl, DS Jaye, C Fischer, DA Alamgir, FM AF Rettew, Robert E. Cheng, Shuang Sauerbrey, Marc Manz, Thomas A. Sholl, David S. Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Alamgir, Faisal M. TI Near Surface Phase Transition of Solute Derived Pt Monolayers SO TOPICS IN CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Platinum; DFT; XPS; XANES; EXAFS; Fuel cell; Monolayer ID LIMITED REDOX REPLACEMENT; IN-SITU; PLATINUM; CO; DEPOSITION; OXIDATION; GOLD; ELECTRODEPOSITION; ELECTROCATALYSIS; ELECTROOXIDATION AB As the loadings of precious metals in surface-chemical systems continue to decrease for photo-and electro-catalysts for energy and environmental applications, the study of near-surface electronic and atomic structure in functional materials becomes critically important. Extremely small quantities of active elements, whether grown as clusters or ultrathin films, exhibit changes in catalytic activity that arise from both size effects and electron-transfer effects. These size and transfer effects can be related to increased propensity for oxidation of the metallic deposit, as well as to various changes in electrochemical performance such as durability or required overpotential for a given reaction. This work establishes a minimum threshold for Pt loading beyond which bulk-type electronic behavior may be expected. By iteratively growing atomic monolayers and multilayers using self-limited electrodeposition and studying these films using core-electron spectroscopy (X-ray absorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), electrochemical methods and DFT-based computations the fundamental interactions that govern oxidation state and electron transfer near the surface of a Pt-Au bimetallic system have been explored. It has been shown that the Pt-Au system exhibits increased tendency for the Pt layer to remain cationic below a minimum threshold film thickness of two monolayers. At monodispersed levels of submonolayer coverage Pt exhibits deviated electronic structure, reactivity, and metal stability compared to films in excess of this minimum threshold thickness. At three monolayers Pt is thick enough to avoid the preference for cationicity and the resulting higher rates of metal dissolution, but thin enough to benefit from electron transfers from Au that assist in lowering the overpotentials for CO oxidation. This study shows the efficacy of a concerted method for the investigation of near-surface phenomena in multicomponent systems. By combining electrochemical and vacuum studies of solute-derived samples with advanced computational techniques, a multifaceted understanding of these architectures has been achieved. C1 [Rettew, Robert E.; Cheng, Shuang; Sauerbrey, Marc; Alamgir, Faisal M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Manz, Thomas A.; Sholl, David S.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Alamgir, FM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM faisal.alamgir@mse.gatech.edu RI Manz, Thomas/H-4590-2011; OI Manz, Thomas/0000-0002-4033-9864; Alamgir, Faisal/0000-0002-0894-8096 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-SC0001058]; ACS Petroleum Research Fund [50934-DNI10]; Center for Atomic Level Catalyst Design, an Energy Frontier Research Center FX Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. FA would like to acknowledge the ACS Petroleum Research Fund #50934-DNI10 for financial support and the Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium for travel support. TM and DSS acknowledge support from the Center for Atomic Level Catalyst Design, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001058 (Center for Atomic Level Catalyst Design). NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 36 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1022-5528 J9 TOP CATAL JI Top. Catal. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 56 IS 12 BP 1065 EP 1073 DI 10.1007/s11244-013-0071-9 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 200WF UT WOS:000323100900004 ER PT J AU Andrews, AH Barnett, BK Allman, RJ Moyer, RP Trowbridge, HD AF Andrews, Allen H. Barnett, Beverly K. Allman, Robert J. Moyer, Ryan P. Trowbridge, Hannah D. TI Great longevity of speckled hind (Epinephelus drummondhayi), a deep-water grouper, with novel use of postbomb radiocarbon dating in the Gulf of Mexico SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RADIOMETRIC AGE VALIDATION; BOMB RADIOCARBON; WESTERN ATLANTIC; UNITED-STATES; PRE-BOMB; GROWTH; CORAL; OTOLITHS; OCEAN; MORTALITY AB Growth characteristics are poorly understood for speckled hind (Epinephelus drummondhayi), a tropical deep-water grouper of economic importance that is considered overfished. Age has been validated for early growth, but the validity of adult age estimates is unknown. A few studies of growth zones in otoliths have revealed maximum age estimates of 15-35 years, which have been uncritically assumed as longevity. To answer questions about adult age, bomb radiocarbon dating was used to provide validated age estimates. A novel aspect of this study was use of the postbomb radiocarbon decline period (ca. 1980-2004) to age younger fish, an approach that was validated with known-age otoliths. Bomb radiocarbon dating provided valid length-at-age estimates ranging from similar to 5 years to more than 45 years. Age was unexpectedly greater than previous estimates for more than half the fish used in this study, and longevity may approach 60-80 years. This study extends the utility of bomb radiocarbon dating by more than 20 years and adds to the growing perspective that deep-water tropical fishes can be long-lived. C1 [Andrews, Allen H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Biol & Stock Assessment Branch, Life Hist Program, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. [Barnett, Beverly K.; Allman, Robert J.; Trowbridge, Hannah D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City Lab, Panama City Beach, FL 32408 USA. [Moyer, Ryan P.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Andrews, AH (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Biol & Stock Assessment Branch, Life Hist Program, 99-193 Aiea Hts Dr,Suite 417, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. EM allen.andrews@noaa.gov RI Andrews, Allen/G-3686-2016 OI Andrews, Allen/0000-0002-9001-8305 FU USGS Mendenhall Post-Doctoral Fellowship; Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute Coastal Wetlands Program; NOAA Fisheries, Office of Protected Resources, Species of Concern Program [J8LPM38-P00] FX We thank Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center and Panama City Laboratory for the travel opportunities to meet in person for study refinement at the Panama City Laboratory. We thank Bill Kline for assistance with otolith sample preparation and processing. Laura Thornton and Chris Palmer provided initial estimates of age for otoliths used in this study. Archived otolith collections were made in part by dockside port samplers and scientists working aboard research vessels in the Gulf of Mexico. Thanks to Linda Lombardi for suggesting the application of this technique to these species. Thanks to Alex Chester, Edward DeMartini, Robert Humphreys, and two anonymous reviewers for comments and suggestions that improved the manuscript. Ed DeMartini also provided insight on statistics associated with the study. R.P. Moyer was supported by a USGS Mendenhall Post-Doctoral Fellowship and received additional funding from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute Coastal Wetlands Program. Primary funding for this project was provided by NOAA Fisheries, Office of Protected Resources, Species of Concern Program (Project No. J8LPM38-P00). NR 52 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 16 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 70 IS 8 BP 1131 EP 1140 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0537 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 193AF UT WOS:000322528400002 ER PT J AU Burke, BJ Liermann, MC Teel, DJ Anderson, JJ AF Burke, Brian J. Liermann, Martin C. Teel, David J. Anderson, James J. TI Environmental and geospatial factors drive juvenile Chinook salmon distribution during early ocean migration SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; COHO ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; WIRE TAG RECOVERIES; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; COASTAL OCEAN; LIFE-HISTORY; SEA-TURTLES; TSHAWYTSCHA AB Migrating animals rely on a variety of cues to guide them, but the relative importance of those signals may vary with size, life stage, or location. During their initial ocean migration, yearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytcha) from the Columbia River have stock-specific spatial distributions that shift through time. We used a two-process mixture model to examine how the distribution of yearling migrants from three Chinook salmon stocks varies as a function of geospatial (e. g., latitude and distance from shore) and environmental (e. g., chlorophyll a and temperature) covariates. In this framework, one process described the probability of being inside the spatial, temporal, and environmental boundaries of the migration route, and one process described the patchy distribution of salmon abundance within that route. We found that both environmental and geospatial covariates explained substantial portions of observed spatial patterns in abundance, suggesting that these stocks responded to multiple cues during migration. However, model selection criteria indicated that fish distributions were more affected by geospatial than by environmental covariates. We conclude that during migration, behavioral responses to environmental variation are secondary to responses to geospatial variation, sometimes resulting in suboptimal environmental conditions. This may have sublethal effects on growth and could ultimately influence stock-specific responses to broad-scale climate changes. C1 [Burke, Brian J.; Liermann, Martin C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Teel, David J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Anderson, James J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Burke, BJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM brian.burke@noaa.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration FX Chinook salmon catch data were obtained during a survey funded by the Bonneville Power Administration. Many people assisted with the project organization and data collection, including but not limited to Ed Casillas, Bill Peterson, Ric Brodeur, Bob Emmett, Kym Jacobson, Cheryl Morgan, Jen Zamon, Brian Beckman, Laurie Weitkamp, Don Van Doornik, David Kuligowski, Tom Wainwright, Joe Fisher, Susan Hinton, and Cindy Bucher. Andre Punt contributed to the initial design of the model. We also thank JoAnne Butzerin, James Faulkner, Bridget Ferris, Mark Scheuerell, Rich Zabel, Aimee Fullerton, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 58 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 45 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 70 IS 8 BP 1167 EP 1177 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0505 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 193AF UT WOS:000322528400006 ER PT J AU Millar, RB Jordan, CE AF Millar, Russell B. Jordan, Chris E. TI A simple variance estimator for the trapezoidal area-under-the-curve estimator of the spawner abundance of Pacific salmon SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ESCAPEMENT; MODELS AB The trapezoidal area-under-the-curve (TAUC) method is the simplest and most widely used method for estimating the spawning abundance of Pacific salmon from periodic surveys of spawner counts within a surveyed area. However, there is currently no method to estimate the precision of the estimated spawner abundance from the survey data. For this reason the Gaussian area-under-the-curve (GAUC) method was recently presented as an easily implemented alternative that has the advantage of having a variance estimator. However, under a diverse variety of simulation scenarios, the TAUC estimator was seen to be a slightly better estimator of escapement on the basis of mean squared error. It is shown here that a variance estimator for the TAUC method can be obtained as an immediate by-product of the GAUC method. Furthermore, this new approach can easily be extended to accommodate asymmetric and multimodal patterns of spawner abundance by the use of basis splines. C1 [Millar, Russell B.] Univ Auckland, Dept Stat, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Jordan, Chris E.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Millar, RB (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Dept Stat, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1, New Zealand. EM millar@stat.auckland.ac.nz FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center (Seattle, Washington, USA) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; US National Research Council FX Russell Millar was partially supported on this work by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center (Seattle, Washington, USA) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the US National Research Council's Senior Research Fellowship program. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 70 IS 8 BP 1231 EP 1239 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0499 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 193AF UT WOS:000322528400010 ER PT J AU Qajar, A Peer, M Rajagopalan, R Liu, Y Brown, C Foley, HC AF Qajar, Ali Peer, Maryam Rajagopalan, Ramakrishnan Liu, Yun Brown, Craig Foley, Henry C. TI Surface compression of light adsorbates inside microporous PFA-derived carbons SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE ADSORPTION; INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; ACTIVATED CARBON; PHYSICAL ACTIVATION; NANOPOROUS CARBON; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; ISOSTERIC HEATS; GAS-ADSORPTION; GLASSY-CARBON AB Surface compression is a phenomenon in which strong solid-fluid interactions compress the adsorbate molecules on a surface to a point that lateral repulsion forces appear. In this work, this phenomenon was studied for high pressure adsorption of a collection of light gases on polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA)-derived carbons. The carbons were mostly microporous with mean pore sizes ranging from 5 to 8 angstrom. Surface and lateral interactions were decoupled by transforming the adsorption isotherms into Ono-Kondo coordinates. This analysis revealed substantial loss of kinetic energy of hydrogen inside the carbon micropores. Inelastic Neutron Scattering (INS) indicated that there was indeed a hindrance to the rotational motion of H-2 molecules inside the microporous carbon. Extensive analysis using heavier gases showed the observed change in the nature of the lateral forces during adsorption process. Adsorption began with attractive lateral forces; then as the pressure increased and even at low pressures repulsive forces emerged and as the adsorption proceeded the repulsive forces became more dominant. These effects were more pronounced inside small micropores. We believe that these lateral forces can also contribute to the drop in energetics of adsorption with gas loading as seen in heat of adsorption profiles. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Qajar, Ali; Peer, Maryam; Foley, Henry C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rajagopalan, Ramakrishnan; Foley, Henry C.] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Liu, Yun; Brown, Craig] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun; Brown, Craig] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Foley, HC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM hcf2@psu.edu RI Rajagopalan, Ramakrishnan/H-9306-2012; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Rajagopalan, Ramakrishnan/0000-0002-2509-5056 FU DOE [DE-FC36-05GO15077]; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy within the Hydrogen Sorption Center of Excellence FX This work was supported from DOE through the Grant No. DE-FC36-05GO15077. Work at NISTwas partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy within the Hydrogen Sorption Center of Excellence. NR 66 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD AUG PY 2013 VL 60 BP 538 EP 549 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.04.001 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 180MB UT WOS:000321598200061 ER PT J AU Sakai, T Kando, N Macdonald, C Soboroff, I AF Sakai, Tetsuya Kando, Noriko Macdonald, Craig Soboroff, Ian TI Introduction to the special issue on search intents and diversification SO INFORMATION RETRIEVAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Sakai, Tetsuya] Microsoft Res Asia, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. [Kando, Noriko] Res Org Informat & Syst, Natl Inst Informat, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1018430, Japan. [Macdonald, Craig] Univ Glasgow, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Soboroff, Ian] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Macdonald, C (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. EM tetsuyasakai@acm.org; kando@nii.ac.jp; craig.macdonald@glasgow.ac.uk; ian.soboroff@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-4564 J9 INFORM RETRIEVAL JI Inf. Retr. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 16 IS 4 SI SI BP 427 EP 428 DI 10.1007/s10791-013-9223-6 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 188IY UT WOS:000322187800001 ER PT J AU Venn-Watson, S Smith, CR Jensen, ED Rowles, T AF Venn-Watson, Stephanie Smith, Cynthia R. Jensen, Eric D. Rowles, Teri TI Assessing the potential health impacts of the 2003 and 2007 firestorms on bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops trucatus) in San Diego Bay SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Calcium homeostasis; dolphin; fire smoke inhalation; lung injury; Tursiops truncatus ID SMOKE-INHALATION INJURY; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA WILDFIRES; PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS; PARTICULATE SAMPLES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PULMONARY INJURY; CARBON-MONOXIDE; MOUSE LUNG; WOOD SMOKE; TRUNCATUS AB Context: Firestorms negatively affected air quality throughout San Diego County during 2003 and 2007, including the San Diego Bay, which houses the Navy's bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Objective: To assess the potential impact of the 2003 and 2007 fires on dolphin health. Materials and methods: Hematology and serum chemistry values were evaluated retrospectively among Navy dolphins the year and month before; during; and the month after the 2003 and 2007 fires. Results: Both 2003 and 2007 fires were associated with lower calcium either during or the month post-fire compared to the control periods. During and the month following the 2003 fire, dolphins had higher serum carbon dioxide compared to the control periods. Dolphins during and the month following the 2007 fire had lower absolute or percent neutrophils and higher chloride. The 2007 fire was also associated with increased percent eosinophils during the fire and higher percent monocytes and bilirubin the month following the fire compared to the control periods. Discussion and conclusion: Consistent with what has been previously reported in humans and other animals, this study supports that fire smoke inhalation may have mild effects on dolphin physiology, including calcium homeostasis, lung function and immune response. C1 [Venn-Watson, Stephanie; Smith, Cynthia R.] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA USA. [Jensen, Eric D.] Navy Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA USA. [Rowles, Teri] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Venn-Watson, S (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA USA. EM stephanie.venn-watson@nmmf.org FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research FX This project was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as a subcontract under the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this article. NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 21 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 25 IS 9 BP 481 EP 491 DI 10.3109/08958378.2013.804611 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 194NK UT WOS:000322639800001 PM 23905966 ER PT J AU Jew, CJ Wegner, NC Yanagitsuru, Y Tresguerres, M Graham, JB AF Jew, Corey J. Wegner, Nicholas C. Yanagitsuru, Yuzo Tresguerres, Martin Graham, Jeffrey B. TI Atmospheric Oxygen Levels Affect Mudskipper Terrestrial Performance: Implications for Early Tetrapods SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERIOPHTHALMODON-SCHLOSSERI; BOLEOPHTHALMUS-BODDAERTI; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE; RAINBOW-TROUT; AMPHIBIOUS FISHES; METABOLIC-RATE; EVOLUTION; WATER; RESPIRATION AB The Japanese mudskipper (Periophthalmus modestus), an amphibious fish that possesses many respiratory and locomotive specializations for sojourns onto land, was used as a model to study how changing atmospheric oxygen concentrations during the middle and late Paleozoic Era (400-250 million years ago) may have influenced the emergence and subsequent radiation of the first tetrapods. The effects of different atmospheric oxygen concentrations (hyperoxia = 35%, normoxia = 21%, and hypoxia = 7% O-2) on terrestrial performance were tested during exercise on a terrestrial treadmill and during recovery from exhaustive exercise. Endurance and elevated post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC; the immediate O-2 debt repaid post-exercise) correlated with atmospheric oxygen concentration indicating that when additional oxygen is available P. modestus can increase oxygen utilization both during and following exercise. The time required post-exercise for mudskippers to return to a resting metabolic rate did not differ between treatments. However, in normoxia, oxygen consumption increased above hyperoxic values 13-20 h post-exercise suggesting a delayed repayment of the incurred oxygen debt. Finally, following exercise, ventilatory movements associated with buccopharyngeal aerial respiration returned to their rest-like pattern more quickly at higher concentrations of oxygen. Taken together, the results of this study show that P. modestus can exercise longer and recover quicker under higher oxygen concentrations. Similarities between P. modestus and early tetrapods suggest that increasing atmospheric oxygen levels during the middle and late Paleozoic allowed for elevated aerobic capacity and improved terrestrial performance, and likely led to an accelerated diversification and expansion of vertebrate life into the terrestrial biosphere. C1 [Jew, Corey J.; Wegner, Nicholas C.; Yanagitsuru, Yuzo; Tresguerres, Martin; Graham, Jeffrey B.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Jew, Corey J.; Wegner, Nicholas C.; Yanagitsuru, Yuzo; Tresguerres, Martin; Graham, Jeffrey B.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Wegner, Nicholas C.] NOAA Fisheries, Fisheries Resource Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Jew, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM cjew@ucsd.edu; nwegner@ucsd.edu RI Tresguerres, Martin/J-8628-2012 FU National Science Foundation [ARRA ISO-0922569] FX This research was supported by a National Science Foundation grant (ARRA ISO-0922569) awarded to the late Jeffrey B. Graham whose guidance and legacy will continue to influence many. Support for participation in this symposium was provided by the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, its divisions of Animal Behavior, Comparative Biomechanics, Comparative Biology and Phylogenetics, Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry, Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Neurobiology, and Vertebrate Morphology, and the US National Science Foundation (IOS 1237547). NR 57 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 21 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 53 IS 2 BP 248 EP 257 DI 10.1093/icb/ict034 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 190LW UT WOS:000322342600007 PM 23620255 ER PT J AU Brown, E Ternieden, C Metchis, K Beller-Simms, N Fillmore, L Ozekin, K AF Brown, Erica Ternieden, Claudio Metchis, Karen Beller-Simms, Nancy Fillmore, Lauren Ozekin, Kenan TI Emergency response or long-term resilience? Extreme events challenge water utilities and their communities SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 [Brown, Erica] Noblis, Sustainabil Ctr Excellence, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. [Metchis, Karen] US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC USA. [Beller-Simms, Nancy] NOAA, Washington, DC USA. RP Brown, E (reprint author), Noblis, Sustainabil Ctr Excellence, 3150 Fairview Pk Dr, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. EM Erica.Brown@noblis.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 2164-4535 J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 105 IS 8 BP 38 EP 40 DI 10.5942/jawwa.2013.105.0121 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 194EJ UT WOS:000322613500009 ER PT J AU Watson, MC Curtis, JE AF Watson, Max C. Curtis, Joseph E. TI Rapid and accurate calculation of small-angle scattering profiles using the golden ratio SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY SOLUTION; DIRECT SHAPE DETERMINATION; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES; POWDER DIFFRACTION; DYNAMICS SIMULATION; GENETIC ALGORITHM; PROTEIN SOLUTIONS; SAXS PROFILES AB Calculating the scattering intensity of an N-atom system is a numerically exhausting O(N-2) task. A simple approximation technique that scales linearly with the number of atoms is presented. Using an exact expression for the scattering intensity I(q) at a given wavevector q, the rotationally averaged intensity I(q) is computed by evaluating I(q) in several scattering directions. The orientations of the q vectors are taken from a quasi-uniform spherical grid generated by the golden ratio. Using various biomolecules as examples, this technique is compared with an established multipole expansion method. For a given level of speed, the technique is more accurate than the multipole expansion for anisotropically shaped molecules, while comparable in accuracy for globular shapes. The processing time scales sub-linearly in N when the atoms are identical and lie on a lattice. The procedure is easily implemented and should accelerate the analysis of small-angle scattering data. C1 [Watson, Max C.; Curtis, Joseph E.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Watson, MC (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM max.watson@nist.gov FU National Research Council; National Science Foundation [CHE-1265817] FX MCW acknowledges the support of the National Research Council. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under CHE-1265817. NR 66 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 46 BP 1171 EP 1177 DI 10.1107/S002188981301666X PN 4 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 186HI UT WOS:000322032300045 ER PT J AU Pangelis, S Olsen, SR Scherschligt, J Leao, JB Pullen, SA Dender, D Hester, JR Imperia, P AF Pangelis, S. Olsen, S. R. Scherschligt, J. Leao, J. B. Pullen, S. A. Dender, D. Hester, J. R. Imperia, P. TI Safety interlock and vent system to alleviate potentially dangerous ice blockage of top-loading cryostat sample sticks SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB A combined solution is presented for minimizing the safety hazards associated with closed cycle cryostats described by Swainson & Cranswick [J. Appl. Cryst. (2010), 43, 206-210]. The initial solution is to install a vent tube with one open end deep inside the sample space and a pressure relief valve at the top. This solution works for either a cryogen or a cryogen-free (closed cycle) system. The second approach, which can be combined with the first and is applicable to cryogen-free cryostats, involves electrically interlocking the closed cycle refrigerator compressor to the sample space, so that the system cannot be cooled in the presence of a leak path to air. C1 [Pangelis, S.; Olsen, S. R.; Pullen, S. A.; Hester, J. R.; Imperia, P.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia. [Scherschligt, J.; Leao, J. B.; Dender, D.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pangelis, S (reprint author), Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia. EM steven.pangelis@ansto.gov.au OI Imperia, Paolo/0000-0001-5682-8059 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 46 BP 1236 EP 1239 DI 10.1107/S0021889813010868 PN 4 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 186HI UT WOS:000322032300055 ER PT J AU Elsner, JB Strazzo, SE Jagger, TH LaRow, T Zhao, M AF Elsner, James B. Strazzo, Sarah E. Jagger, Thomas H. LaRow, Timothy Zhao, Ming TI Sensitivity of Limiting Hurricane Intensity to SST in the Atlantic from Observations and GCMs SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Hurricanes; typhoons; Sensitivity studies; Statistics; General circulation models ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; CLIMATOLOGY; SIMULATIONS; WINDS; RISK AB A statistical model for the intensity of the strongest hurricanes has been developed and a new methodology introduced for estimating the sensitivity of the strongest hurricanes to changes in sea surface temperature. Here, the authors use this methodology on observed hurricanes and hurricanes generated from two global climate models (GCMs). Hurricanes over the North Atlantic Ocean during the period 1981-2010 show a sensitivity of 7.9 +/- 1.19 m s(-1) K-1 (standard error; SE) when over seas warmer than 25 degrees C. In contrast, hurricanes over the same region and period generated from the GFDL High Resolution Atmospheric Model (HiRAM) show a significantly lower sensitivity with the highest at 1.8 +/- 0.42 m s(-1) K-1 (SE). Similar weaker sensitivity is found using hurricanes generated from the Florida State University Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies (FSU-COAPS) model with the highest at 2.9 +/- 2.64 m s(-1) K-1 (SE). A statistical refinement of HiRAM-generated hurricane intensities heightens the sensitivity to a maximum of 6.9 +/- 3.33 m s(-1) K-1 (SE), but the increase is offset by additional uncertainty associated with the refinement. Results suggest that the caution that should be exercised when interpreting GCM scenarios of future hurricane intensity stems from the low sensitivity of limiting GCM-generated hurricane intensity to ocean temperature. C1 [Elsner, James B.; Strazzo, Sarah E.; Jagger, Thomas H.; LaRow, Timothy] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Zhao, Ming] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Elsner, JB (reprint author), Florida State Univ, 113 Collegiate Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM jelsner@fsu.edu RI Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014; OI Strazzo, Sarah/0000-0003-1332-3135 FU Department of Geography at The Florida State University; Risk Prediction Initiative [RPI2.0-2012-01] FX Partial support for this work came from the Department of Geography at The Florida State University and from the Risk Prediction Initiative (RPI2.0-2012-01). We thank the R Development Core Team and R. S. Bivand, E. J. Pebesma, and V. Gomez-Rubio for the sp package. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 26 IS 16 BP 5949 EP 5957 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00433.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 196FU UT WOS:000322759700013 ER PT J AU Lubbecke, JF McPhaden, MJ AF Luebbecke, Joke F. McPhaden, Michael J. TI A Comparative Stability Analysis of Atlantic and Pacific Nino Modes SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Ocean; Tropics; ENSO; Interannual variability; Tropical variability ID HEAT-FLUX FEEDBACK; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC; COUPLED MODEL; EL-NINO; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; OCEAN DYNAMICS; CMIP3 MODELS; WARM EVENTS AB El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific and the analogous Atlantic Nino mode are generated by processes involving coupled ocean-atmosphere interactions known as the Bjerknes feedback. It has been argued that the Atlantic Nino mode is more strongly damped than ENSO, which is presumed to be closer to neutrally stable. In this study the stability of ENSO and the Atlantic Nino mode is compared via an analysis of the Bjerknes stability index. This index is based on recharge oscillator theory and can be interpreted as the growth rate for coupled modes of ocean-atmosphere variability. Using observational data, an ocean reanalysis product, and output from an ocean general circulation model, the individual terms of the Bjerknes index are calculated for the first time for the Atlantic and then compared to results for the Pacific. Positive thermocline feedbacks in response to wind stress forcing favor anomaly growth in both basins, but they are twice as large in the Pacific compared to the Atlantic. Thermocline feedback is related to the fetch of the zonal winds, which is much greater in the equatorial Pacific than in the equatorial Atlantic due to larger basin size. Negative feedbacks are dominated by thermal damping of sea surface temperature anomalies in both basins. Overall, it is found that both ENSO and the Atlantic Nino mode are damped oscillators, but the Atlantic is more strongly damped than the Pacific primarily because of the weaker thermocline feedback. C1 [Luebbecke, Joke F.; McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lubbecke, JF (reprint author), NOAA, PMEL, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM joke.luebbecke@noaa.gov RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016; Luebbecke, Joke/G-6315-2016 OI Luebbecke, Joke/0000-0002-7839-3284 FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NOAA/PMEL FX The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments. This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NOAA/PMEL. We thank Simon Borlace for helpful advice on the calculations. The NEMO-ORCA05 simulation was performed at the Kiel University Computing Center and kindly provided by Arne Biastoch. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 26 IS 16 BP 5965 EP 5980 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00758.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 196FU UT WOS:000322759700015 ER PT J AU Fan, YL Held, IM Lin, SJ Wang, XLL AF Fan, Yalin Held, Isaac M. Lin, Shian-Jiann Wang, Xiaolan L. TI Ocean Warming Effect on Surface Gravity Wave Climate Change for the End of the Twenty-First Century SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Climate prediction; Climate models; Coupled models; Climate variability; Trends ID STORM-SURGE CLIMATE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; TROPICAL CYCLONE; FUTURE WIND; SIMULATIONS; MULTIMODEL; SEA; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; ENSEMBLE AB Surface wind (U-10) and significant wave height (Hs) response to global warming are investigated using a coupled atmosphere-wave model by perturbing the sea surface temperatures (SSTs) with anomalies generated by the Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) coupled models that use the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC AR4)/Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A1B (SRES A1B) scenario late in the twenty-first century.Several consistent changes were observed across all four realizations for the seasonal means: robust increase of U-10 and Hs in the Southern Ocean for both the austral summer and winter due to the poleward shift of the jet stream; a dipole pattern of the U-10 and Hs with increases in the northeast sector and decreases at the midlatitude during boreal winter in the North Atlantic due to the more frequent occurrence of the positive phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO); and strong decrease of U-10 and Hs in the tropical western Pacific Ocean during austral summer, which might be caused by the joint effect of the weakening of the Walker circulation and the large hurricane frequency decrease in the South Pacific.Changes of the 99th percentile U-10 and Hs are twice as strong as changes in the seasonal means, and the maximum changes are mainly dominated by the changes in hurricanes. Robust strong decreases of U-10 and Hs in the South Pacific are obtained because of the large hurricane frequency decrease, while the results in the Northern Hemisphere basins differ among the models. An additional sensitivity experiment suggests that the qualitative response of U-10 and Hs is not affected by using SST anomalies only and maintaining the radiative forcing unchanged (using 1980 values), as in this study. C1 [Fan, Yalin] Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ USA. [Fan, Yalin; Held, Isaac M.; Lin, Shian-Jiann] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Wang, Xiaolan L.] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Atmospher Sci & Technol Directorate, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Fan, YL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM yalin.fan@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 26 IS 16 BP 6046 EP 6066 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00410.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 196FU UT WOS:000322759700020 ER PT J AU Purkey, SG Johnson, GC AF Purkey, Sarah G. Johnson, Gregory C. TI Antarctic Bottom Water Warming and Freshening: Contributions to Sea Level Rise, Ocean Freshwater Budgets, and Global Heat Gain SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Southern Ocean; Bottom currents; bottom water; Sea level; Energy budget; balance; Salinity; Climate variability ID WESTERN SOUTH-ATLANTIC; WEDDELL SEA; TEMPERATURE TRENDS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; DEEP; CIRCULATION; ABYSSAL; BASIN AB Freshening and warming of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) between the 1980s and 2000s are quantified, assessing the relative contributions of water-mass changes and isotherm heave. The analysis uses highly accurate, full-depth, ship-based, conductivity-temperature-depth measurements taken along repeated oceanographic sections around the Southern Ocean. Fresher varieties of AABW are present within the South Pacific and south Indian Oceans in the 2000s compared to the 1990s, with the strongest freshening in the newest waters adjacent to the Antarctic continental slope and rise indicating a recent shift in the salinity of AABW produced in this region. Bottom waters in the Weddell Sea exhibit significantly less water-mass freshening than those in the other two southern basins. However, a decrease in the volume of the coldest, deepest waters is observed throughout the entire Southern Ocean. This isotherm heave causes a salinification and warming on isobaths from the bottom up to the shallow potential temperature maximum. The water-mass freshening of AABW in the Indian and Pacific Ocean sectors is equivalent to a freshwater flux of 73 +/- 26 Gt yr(-1), roughly half of the estimated recent mass loss of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Isotherm heave integrated below 2000 m and south of 30 degrees S equates to a net heat uptake of 34 +/- 14 TW of excess energy entering the deep ocean from deep volume loss of AABW and 0.37 +/- 0.15 mm yr(-1) of sea level rise from associated thermal expansion. C1 [Purkey, Sarah G.; Johnson, Gregory C.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Purkey, Sarah G.; Johnson, Gregory C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Purkey, SG (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM sarah.purkey@noaa.gov RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012; Purkey, Sarah/K-1983-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020; FU NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA Research; NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Fellowship Program Grant [NNX11AL89H] FX We thank the hundreds of people who helped to collect, calibrate, process, and archive the WOCE and CLIVAR datasets, without whom global assessments of ocean variability like this one would be impossible. We also thank those who provided us with unreported SSW batch numbers for many cruises. D. Roemmich suggested an improvement for the error analysis. Finally, suggestions of two anonymous reviewers and editor Anand Gnanadesikan improved this manuscript. This work was supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office, NOAA Research, and NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Fellowship Program Grant NNX11AL89H. NR 43 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 77 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 26 IS 16 BP 6105 EP 6122 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00834.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 196FU UT WOS:000322759700024 ER PT J AU Wang, CZ Zhang, LP AF Wang, Chunzai Zhang, Liping TI Multidecadal Ocean Temperature and Salinity Variability in the Tropical North Atlantic: Linking with the AMO, AMOC, and Subtropical Cell SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Large-scale motions; Thermocline circulation; Thermohaline circulation; Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Climate variability ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE MODEL; HYDROGRAPHIC DATA; SAHEL RAINFALL; PACIFIC-OCEAN; OSCILLATION; REANALYSIS AB The Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) is characterized by the sea surface warming (cooling) of the entire North Atlantic during its warm (cold) phase. Both observations and most of the phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) models also show that the warm (cold) phase of the AMO is associated with a surface warming (cooling) and a subsurface cooling (warming) in the tropical North Atlantic (TNA). It is further shown that the warm phase of the AMO corresponds to a strengthening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and a weakening of the Atlantic subtropical cell (STC), which both induce an anomalous northward current in the TNA subsurface ocean. Because the mean meridional temperature gradient of the subsurface ocean is positive because of the temperature dome around 9 degrees N, the advection by the anomalous northward current cools the TNA subsurface ocean during the warm phase of the AMO. The opposite is true during the cold phase of the AMO. It is concluded that the anticorrelated ocean temperature variation in the TNA associated with the AMO is caused by the meridional current variation induced by variability of the AMOC and STC, but the AMOC plays a more important role than the STC. Observations do not seem to show an obvious anticorrelated salinity relation between the TNA surface and subsurface oceans, but most of CMIP5 models simulate an out-of-phase salinity variation. Similar to the temperature variation, the mechanism is the salinity advection by the meridional current variation induced by the AMOC and STC associated with the AMO. C1 [Wang, Chunzai; Zhang, Liping] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Liping] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. RP Zhang, LP (reprint author), NOAA, Phys Oceanog Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM liping.zhang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Climate Program Office and the base funding of NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) FX We thank three anonymous reviewers and the editor John Chiang for their comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Climate Program Office and the base funding of NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. NR 49 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 26 IS 16 BP 6137 EP 6162 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00721.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 196FU UT WOS:000322759700026 ER PT J AU Van Noord, JE Lewallen, EA Pitman, RL AF Van Noord, J. E. Lewallen, E. A. Pitman, R. L. TI Flyingfish feeding ecology in the eastern Pacific: prey partitioning within a speciose epipelagic community SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diet; euchaetid copepod; Exocoetidae; halfbeak; warm pool ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; TROPICAL PACIFIC; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; MYCTOPHID FISHES; FOOD WEBS; DIVERSITY; ZOOPLANKTON; EXOCOETIDAE; SELECTION; ONTOGENY AB To test the hypothesis that prey partitioning contributes to community stability in flyingfish, the gut contents of 359 flyingfish specimens (representing five genera and eight species within Exocoetidae and Hemiramphidae) were collected at 50 dip-net stations during hour-long night-time fishing in oceanic waters of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean between August and November 2007. Analyses using multidimensional scaling, and analysis of similarity revealed significant dietary differences among species, and similarity percentages tests helped identify the specific prey taxa responsible for these differences. Six species specialized on copepods (58.3-96.9% by number), but targeted different families. Specifically, the barbel flyingfish Exocoetus monocirrhus (n = 205) focused on euchaetids (51.6%), the banded flyingfish Hirundichthys marginatus (n = 24) fed on pontellids (21.8%), while the tropical two-wing flyingfish Exocoetus volitans (n = 11) and the bigwing halfbeak Oxyporhamphus micropterus (n = 34) ingested calanoids (54.6 and 17.0%). In contrast, the whitetip flyingfish Cheilopogon xenopterus (n = 73) and the mirrorwing flyingfish Hirundichthys speculiger (n = 4) had generalized diets comprising similar proportions of amphipod, copepod, mollusc and larval fish prey. Distinct differences in mean fullness, highly digested material, per cent empty guts and mean numbers of prey per gut were also synthesized, and uncovered a pattern of asynchronous feeding. Altogether, these findings provide valuable descriptive data on the diets of an understudied group of epipelagic teleosts, and, by extension, suggest that prey partitioning (taxa and feeding times) may influence flyingfish feeding ecology by reducing interspecific competition. (C) 2013 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 [Van Noord, J. E.; Lewallen, E. A.; Pitman, R. L.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Lewallen, E. A.] Univ Toronto Scarborough, Dept Biol Sci, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. RP Van Noord, JE (reprint author), Calif Wetfish Producers Assoc, POB 1951, Buellton, CA 93427 USA. EM joel.van.noord@gmail.com NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 83 IS 2 BP 326 EP 342 DI 10.1111/jfb.12173 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 193GU UT WOS:000322547900006 PM 23902309 ER PT J AU Liehr, GA Heise, S Ahlf, W Offermann, K Witt, G AF Liehr, Gladys A. Heise, Susanne Ahlf, Wolfgang Offermann, Kristen Witt, Gesine TI Assessing the risk of a 50-year-old dump site in the Baltic Sea by combining chemical analysis, bioaccumulation, and ecotoxicity SO JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Arctica islandica; Bioaccumulation; Bioassays; Marine sediment contamination; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; PROF. DR. FORSTNER,ULRICH; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; TOXICITY ASSESSMENT; ELEMENTAL SULFUR; QUALITY TRIAD; OCEAN QUAHOG; BIOAVAILABILITY AB During the late 1950s and early 1960s, industrial waste material highly enriched with various contaminants (e.g., heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)) was dumped in the inner Bay of Mecklenburg, western Baltic Sea. Between 2002 and 2004, a research program was initiated using chemical analysis in combination with bioanalytical techniques to assess the extent and variability in contamination at this dump site (DS). The data were compared to a reference area (RS) with similar environmental conditions, which is representative of the western Baltic Sea. Twelve PAHs were investigated to assess their ecological hazard, as they were identified as major pollutants in the dumped material. In addition to analyzing the actual PAH contamination status in the sediments, PAHs measured in the soft tissue of Arctica islandica were also used as an indicator of contaminant bioaccumulation. A biotest battery was applied to determine the toxic effects of contaminants in the sediment. Significantly elevated PAH concentrations (sum of 12 PAHs) of similar to 3,000 ng g(-1) dw and higher bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were determined in the soft body tissue of A. islandica collected at DS (t test, p = 0.025). The results also showed that the sediment PAH contamination was significantly higher at DS (1,952-5,466 ng g(-1) dw) than at RS (1,384-2,315 ng g(-1) dw). The results revealed a major heterogeneity in the PAH concentration at DS due to an attempt to cover the toxic material with clean clay. This resulted in a more heterogeneous distribution of the dump material rather than covering it up completely. However, not all relevant contaminants were included in this study, not only because it is too costly to determine them all but also because unidentified contaminants present at concentrations below the limit of detection cannot be measured. Bioassays were used to fill this gap in the hazard assessment in a cost-effective way by investigating the possible effects of sediment contamination on benthic organisms. The results showed a high variability and magnitude of growth and luminescence inhibition. Bacterial contact tests with marine organisms showed a high toxicity response (> 80 % inhibition) from DS sediments. In contrast, the luminescent bacteria test (Vibrio fischeri) showed equivalent effects of sediments from both DS and RS. The spatial distribution of toxicity in DS, the bioaccumulation in mussels and the analytical evidence of PAH pollution clearly show that the dumped material still represents a potential risk even after 60 years. C1 [Liehr, Gladys A.] NOAA, SEFSC, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Liehr, Gladys A.; Witt, Gesine] Leibniz Inst Balt Sea Res, D-18119 Rostock, Germany. [Heise, Susanne; Ahlf, Wolfgang; Offermann, Kristen] Tech Univ Hamburg, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany. RP Witt, G (reprint author), HAW Hamburg, Lohbrugger Kirchstr 65, D-21033 Hamburg, Germany. EM gesine.witt@haw-hamburg.de FU German Research Council (DFG) [WI 1410/2-1, WI 1410/7-1] FX A considerable number of people have contributed to the work described here. In particular, we would like to thank Astrid Lerz (IOW) for her support and assistance during the sampling preparation and sediment analysis. Thanks are also due to the crew of the research vessel for their competent operation of the vessel and its equipment. The authors express their thanks to Dr. Jim Bohnsack and Laura Petteway (NOAA/SEFSC) for helpful suggestions and taking the time to check and correct our written English. The support from the German Research Council (DFG) project contract no. WI 1410/2-1 and WI 1410/7-1 is gratefully acknowledged. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 73 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1439-0108 EI 1614-7480 J9 J SOIL SEDIMENT JI J. Soils Sediments PD AUG PY 2013 VL 13 IS 7 BP 1270 EP 1283 DI 10.1007/s11368-013-0721-3 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 190WB UT WOS:000322372200015 ER PT J AU Brida, G Degiovanni, IP Genovese, M Migdall, A Piacentini, F Polyakov, SV Traina, P AF Brida, Giorgio Degiovanni, Ivo P. Genovese, Marco Migdall, Alan Piacentini, Fabrizio Polyakov, Sergey V. Traina, Paolo TI Reply to Comment on "Experimental Test of an Event-Based Corpuscular Model Modification as an Alternative to Quantum Mechanics" SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Editorial Material DE foundations of quantum mechanics; event-based corpuscular model; quantum interference C1 [Brida, Giorgio; Degiovanni, Ivo P.; Genovese, Marco; Piacentini, Fabrizio; Traina, Paolo] INRIM, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Migdall, Alan; Polyakov, Sergey V.] Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Migdall, Alan; Polyakov, Sergey V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brida, G (reprint author), INRIM, Str Cacce 91, I-10135 Turin, Italy. RI genovese, marco/D-4862-2013; Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/F-2140-2013; Piacentini, Fabrizio/N-6684-2015; Traina, Paolo/O-5418-2015 OI genovese, marco/0000-0001-9186-8849; Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/0000-0003-0332-3115; Piacentini, Fabrizio/0000-0002-8098-5692; Traina, Paolo/0000-0003-3276-282X NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 82 IS 8 AR 086002 DI 10.7566/JPSJ.82.086002 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 190WS UT WOS:000322374300050 ER PT J AU Martin, J AF Martin, Joshua TI Protocols for the high temperature measurement of the Seebeck coefficient in thermoelectric materials SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Seebeck coefficient; thermoelectric; metrology ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; DIRECT CONTACT; ALLOYS AB In Seebeck coefficient metrology, the present diversity in apparatus design, acquisition methodology and contact geometry has resulted in conflicting materials data that complicate the interlaboratory confirmation of reported high efficiency thermoelectric materials. To elucidate the influence of these factors in the measurement of the Seebeck coefficient at high temperature and to identify optimal metrology protocols, we measure the Seebeck coefficient as a function of contact geometry under both steady-state and transient thermal conditions of the differential method, using a custom developed apparatus capable of in situ comparative measurement. The thermal gradient formation and data acquisition methodology, under ideal conditions, have little effect on the measured Seebeck coefficient value. However, the off-axis 4-probe contact geometry, as compared to the 2-probe, results in a greater local temperature measurement error that increases with temperature. For surface temperature measurement, the dominant thermal errors arise from a parasitic heat flux that is dependent on the temperature difference between the sample and the external thermal environment, and on the various thermal resistances. Due to higher macroconstriction and contact resistance in the 4-probe arrangement, the measurement of surface temperature for this contact geometry exhibits greater error, thereby overestimating the Seebeck coefficient. C1 NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Martin, J (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joshua.martin@nist.gov NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 39 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 24 IS 8 AR 085601 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/24/8/085601 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 185CP UT WOS:000321943100031 ER PT J AU Newell, DB Liard, JO Inglis, AD Eckl, MC Winester, D Silliker, RJ Gagnon, CGL AF Newell, D. B. Liard, J. O. Inglis, A. D. Eckl, M. C. Winester, D. Silliker, R. J. Gagnon, C. G. L. TI The possible contribution of gravity measurements to the difference between the NIST and NRC watt balance results SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; CODATA RECOMMENDED VALUES; PLANCK CONSTANT; ELECTRONIC KILOGRAM; REDEFINITION; GRAVIMETERS AB We report on a 2012 comparison of gravity used to determine the Planck constant by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the National Research Council Canada (NRC) watt balances. The results provide verification of the gravity values used in recently published discrepant Planck constant determinations that play a vital role in the redefinition effort of the International System of Units (SI) and set an upper limit of 10 parts in 10(9) on the relative uncertainty contribution of gravity observations to future Planck constant determinations by the NIST and NRC watt balances. C1 [Newell, D. B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Inglis, A. D.] Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Eckl, M. C.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Winester, D.] NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Silliker, R. J.; Gagnon, C. G. L.] Nat Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E9, Canada. RP Newell, DB (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.newell@nist.gov NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD AUG PY 2013 VL 50 IS 4 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/50/4/337 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 191ZO UT WOS:000322453900005 ER PT J AU Moum, JN Perlin, A Nash, JD McPhaden, MJ AF Moum, James N. Perlin, Alexander Nash, Jonathan D. McPhaden, Michael J. TI Seasonal sea surface cooling in the equatorial Pacific cold tongue controlled by ocean mixing SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL PACIFIC; ANNUAL CYCLE; SHEAR-FLOW; TEMPERATURE; TURBULENCE; INSTABILITY; BALANCE; MODELS; BUDGET AB Sea surface temperature (SST) is a critical control on the atmosphere(1), and numerical models of atmosphere-ocean circulation emphasize its accurate prediction. Yet many models demonstrate large, systematic biases in simulated SST in the equatorial 'cold tongues' (expansive regions of net heat uptake from the atmosphere) of the Atlantic(2) and Pacific(3) oceans, particularly with regard to a central but little-understood feature of tropical oceans: a strong seasonal cycle. The biases may be related to the inability of models to constrain turbulent mixing realistically(4), given that turbulent mixing, combined with seasonal variations in atmospheric heating, determines SST. In temperate oceans, the seasonal SST cycle is clearly related to varying solar heating(5); in the tropics, however, SSTs vary seasonally in the absence of similar variations in solar inputs(6). Turbulent mixing has long been a likely explanation, but firm, long-term observational evidence has been absent. Here we show the existence of a distinctive seasonal cycle of subsurface cooling via mixing in the equatorial Pacific cold tongue, using multi-year measurements of turbulence in the ocean. In boreal spring, SST rises by 2 kelvin when heating of the upper ocean by the atmosphere exceeds cooling by mixing from below. In boreal summer, SST decreases because cooling from below exceeds heating from above. When the effects of lateral advection are considered, the magnitude of summer cooling via mixing (4 kelvin per month) is equivalent to that required to counter the heating terms. These results provide quantitative assessment of how mixing varies on timescales longer than a few weeks, clearly showing its controlling influence on seasonal cooling of SST in a critical oceanic regime. C1 [Moum, James N.; Perlin, Alexander; Nash, Jonathan D.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Moum, JN (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM moum@coas.oregonstate.edu RI Moum, James/A-1880-2012; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 FU National Science Foundation [0424133, 0728375, 1256620] FX This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (grants 0424133, 0728375 and 1256620). We thank M. Neeley-Brown and R. Kreth, who were primarily responsible for construction, testing and maintenance of chi-pods, and P. Freitag and NOAA's PMEL mooring group, who helped us to get started with these measurements. We also thank NOAA's NDBC group, who have continued to deploy our chi-pods on TAO moorings. E. Shroyer, S. de Szoeke, K. Benoit-Bird and D. Chelton provided comments on the paper. This is PMEL contribution no. 3970. We dedicate this paper to the memory of our colleague and co-author A. Perlin, who passed away during final revisions, and to the memory of lab engineer R. Kreth. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 58 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 500 IS 7460 BP 64 EP 67 DI 10.1038/nature12363 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 192VK UT WOS:000322514800028 PM 23883934 ER PT J AU Cole, GD Zhang, W Martin, MJ Ye, J Aspelmeyer, M AF Cole, Garrett D. Zhang, Wei Martin, Michael J. Ye, Jun Aspelmeyer, Markus TI Tenfold reduction of Brownian noise in high-reflectivity optical coatings SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE DETECTORS; DIELECTRIC MIRROR COATINGS; MECHANICAL LOSS; THERMAL-NOISE; LASER STABILIZATION; FREQUENCY COMB; CAVITY; ANTENNAE; CLOCKS AB Thermally induced fluctuations impose a fundamental limit on precision measurement. In optical interferometry, the current bounds of stability and sensitivity are dictated by the excess mechanical damping of the high-reflectivity coatings that comprise the cavity end mirrors. Over the last decade, the dissipation of these amorphous multilayer reflectors has at best been reduced by a factor of two. Here, we demonstrate a new paradigm in optical coating technology based on direct-bonded monocrystalline multilayers, which exhibit both intrinsically low mechanical loss and high optical quality. Employing these 'crystalline coatings' as end mirrors in a Fabry-Perot cavity, we obtain a finesse of 150,000. More importantly, at room temperature, we observe a thermally limited noise floor consistent with a tenfold reduction in mechanical damping when compared with the best dielectric multilayers. These results pave the way for the next generation of ultra-sensitive interferometers, as well as for new levels of laser stability. C1 [Cole, Garrett D.; Aspelmeyer, Markus] Univ Vienna, Vienna Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol VCQ, Fac Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Cole, Garrett D.] Crystalline Mirror Solut GmbH, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Zhang, Wei; Martin, Michael J.; Ye, Jun] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, Wei; Martin, Michael J.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cole, GD (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Vienna Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol VCQ, Fac Phys, Waehringer Guertel 18, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. EM garrett.cole@univie.ac.at; ye@jila.colorado.edu; markus.aspelmeyer@univie.ac.at RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; wei, zhang/G-4708-2012; Aspelmeyer, Markus/C-4098-2017 OI wei, zhang/0000-0003-2065-2535; Aspelmeyer, Markus/0000-0003-4499-7335 FU Austrian Science Fund (FWF); European Commission; European Research Council (ERC) Starting Grant Program; Austria Wirtschaftsservice GmbH (AWS); ERC Proof of Concept Initiative; US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); DARPA QuASAR Program; US National Science Foundation (NSF) Physics Frontier Center at JILA FX The authors thank M. R. Abernathy, R. X. Adhikari, A. Alexandrovski, C. Benko, T. Chalermsongsak, G. M. Harry, R. Lalezari, L-S. Ma, E. Murphy, M. Notcutt, S. D. Penn, A. Peters, P. Ullmann and R. Yanka for discussions and technical assistance. Work at the University of Vienna is supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), the European Commission and the European Research Council (ERC) Starting Grant Program. The work at CMS is supported by the Austria Wirtschaftsservice GmbH (AWS) and the ERC Proof of Concept Initiative. Work at JILA is supported by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the DARPA QuASAR Program, and the US National Science Foundation (NSF) Physics Frontier Center at JILA. Microfabrication was carried out at the Center for Micro- and Nanostructures (ZMNS) of the Vienna University of Technology. NR 50 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 5 U2 51 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD AUG PY 2013 VL 7 IS 8 BP 644 EP 650 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2013.174 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 191YD UT WOS:000322450200018 ER PT J AU Liu, HL Wang, CZ Lee, SK Enfield, D AF Liu, Hailong Wang, Chunzai Lee, Sang-Ki Enfield, David TI Atlantic Warm Pool Variability in the CMIP5 Simulations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Ocean; Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Warm pool; Climate variability; Climate models ID 20TH-CENTURY CLIMATE SIMULATIONS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; NORTH-ATLANTIC; HURRICANE ACTIVITY; COUPLED OCEAN; HEMISPHERE; OSCILLATION; TEMPERATURES; MECHANISMS AB This study investigates Atlantic warm pool (AWP) variability in the historical run of 19 coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) submitted to phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). As with the CGCMs in phase 3 (CMIP3), most models suffer from the cold SST bias in the AWP region and also show very weak AWP variability as represented by the AWP area index. However, for the seasonal cycle the AWP SST bias of model ensemble and model sensitivities are decreased compared with CMIP3, indicating that the CGCMs are improved. The origin of the cold SST bias in the AWP region remains unknown, but among the CGCMs in CMIP5 excess (insufficient) high-level cloud simulation decreases (enhances) the cold SST bias in the AWP region through the warming effect of the high-level cloud radiative forcing. Thus, the AWP SST bias in CMIP5 is more modulated by an erroneous radiation balance due to misrepresentation of high-level clouds rather than low-level clouds as in CMIP3. AWP variability is assessed as in the authors' previous study in the aspects of spectral analysis, interannual variability, multidecadal variability, and comparison of the remote connections with ENSO and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) against observations. In observations the maximum influences of the NAO and ENSO on the AWP take place in boreal spring. For some CGCMs these influences erroneously last to late summer. The effect of this overestimated remote forcing can be seen in the variability statistics as shown in the rotated EOF patterns from the models. It is concluded that the NCAR Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4), the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) Model E, version 2, coupled with the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) ocean model (GISS-E2H), and the GISS Model E, version 2, coupled with the Russell ocean model (GISS-E2R) are the best three models of CMIP5 in simulating AWP variability. C1 [Liu, Hailong; Lee, Sang-Ki; Enfield, David] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Liu, Hailong; Wang, Chunzai; Lee, Sang-Ki; Enfield, David] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Liu, HL (reprint author), RSMAS CIMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM hailong.liu@noaa.gov RI Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; Enfield, David/I-2112-2013 OI Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; Enfield, David/0000-0001-8107-5079 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Program Office; National Science Foundation FX We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table 1 of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. We thank Gregory Foltz, Marlos Goes, Lei Zhou, and three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and suggestions. This work was supported by grants from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Program Office and by grants from the National Science Foundation. NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 33 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 26 IS 15 BP 5315 EP 5336 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00556.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 190GP UT WOS:000322327700002 ER PT J AU Vecchi, GA Msadek, R Anderson, W Chang, YS Delworth, T Dixon, K Gudgel, R Rosati, A Stern, B Villarini, G Wittenberg, A Yang, X Zeng, FR Zhang, R Zhang, SQ AF Vecchi, Gabriel A. Msadek, Rym Anderson, Whit Chang, You-Soon Delworth, Thomas Dixon, Keith Gudgel, Rich Rosati, Anthony Stern, Bill Villarini, Gabriele Wittenberg, Andrew Yang, Xiasong Zeng, Fanrong Zhang, Rong Zhang, Shaoqing TI Multiyear Predictions of North Atlantic Hurricane Frequency: Promise and Limitations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Review DE Atlantic Ocean; Climate change; Climate prediction; Climate variability; Hurricanes; typhoons; Multidecadal variability ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CYCLONE POTENTIAL INTENSITY; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC MODEL; DISSIPATION INDEX PDI; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MULTIMODEL-ENSEMBLE; POWER DISSIPATION; DATA ASSIMILATION; EL-NINO; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION AB Retrospective predictions of multiyear North Atlantic Ocean hurricane frequency are explored by applying a hybrid statistical-dynamical forecast system to initialized and noninitialized multiyear forecasts of tropical Atlantic and tropical-mean sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from two global climate model forecast systems. By accounting for impacts of initialization and radiative forcing, retrospective predictions of 5- and 9-yr mean tropical Atlantic hurricane frequency show significant correlations relative to a null hypothesis of zero correlation. The retrospective correlations are increased in a two-model average forecast and by using a lagged-ensemble approach, with the two-model ensemble decadal forecasts of hurricane frequency over 1961-2011 yielding correlation coefficients that approach 0.9. These encouraging retrospective multiyear hurricane predictions, however, should be interpreted with care: although initialized forecasts have higher nominal skill than uninitialized ones, the relatively short record and large autocorrelation of the time series limits confidence in distinguishing between the skill caused by external forcing and that added by initialization. The nominal increase in correlation in the initialized forecasts relative to the uninitialized experiments is caused by improved representation of the multiyear tropical Atlantic SST anomalies. The skill in the initialized forecasts comes in large part from the persistence of a mid-1990s shift by the initialized forecasts, rather than from predicting its evolution. Predicting shifts like that observed in 1994/95 remains a critical issue for the success of multiyear forecasts of Atlantic hurricane frequency. The retrospective forecasts highlight the possibility that changes in observing system impact forecast performance. C1 [Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Msadek, Rym; Anderson, Whit; Chang, You-Soon; Delworth, Thomas; Dixon, Keith; Gudgel, Rich; Rosati, Anthony; Stern, Bill; Wittenberg, Andrew; Yang, Xiasong; Zeng, Fanrong; Zhang, Rong; Zhang, Shaoqing] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Villarini, Gabriele] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Vecchi, GA (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, US Route 1,Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM gabriel.a.vecchi@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Yang, Xiaosong/C-7260-2009; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014; Msadek, Rym/C-7752-2014; Villarini, Gabriele/F-8069-2016; Dixon, Keith/L-7120-2015 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Yang, Xiaosong/0000-0003-3154-605X; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556; Msadek, Rym/0000-0003-0450-4815; Villarini, Gabriele/0000-0001-9566-2370; Dixon, Keith/0000-0003-3044-326X NR 118 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 54 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 26 IS 15 BP 5337 EP 5357 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00464.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 190GP UT WOS:000322327700003 ER PT J AU Xue, Y Chen, MY Kumar, A Hu, ZZ Wang, WQ AF Xue, Yan Chen, Mingyue Kumar, Arun Hu, Zeng-Zhen Wang, Wanqiu TI Prediction Skill and Bias of Tropical Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures in the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE El Nino; Climate prediction; Seasonal forecasting; Interannual variability; Southern Oscillation ID EL-NINO; OCEAN INITIALIZATION; SEASONAL FORECASTS; ENSO PREDICTION; MODEL; TIME; VARIABILITY AB The prediction skill and bias of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) in the retrospective forecasts of the Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2), of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction were examined. The CFSv2 was initialized from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) over 1982-2010. There was a systematic cold bias in the central-eastern equatorial Pacific during summer/fall. The cold bias in the Nino-3.4 index was about -2.5 degrees C in summer/fall before 1999 but suddenly changed to -1 degrees C around 1999, related to a sudden shift in the trade winds and equatorial subsurface temperature in the CFSR.The SST anomaly (SSTA) was computed by removing model climatology for the periods 1982-98 and 1999-2010 separately. The standard deviation (STD) of forecast SSTA agreed well with that of observations in 1982-98, but in 1999-2010 it was about 200% too strong in the eastern Pacific and 50% too weak near the date line during winter/spring. The shift in STD bias was partially related to change of ENSO characteristics: central Pacific (CP) El Ninos were more frequent than eastern Pacific (EP) El Ninos after 2000. The composites analysis shows that the CFSv2 had a tendency to delay the onset phase of the EP El Ninos in the 1980s and 1990s but predicted their decay phases well. In contrast, the CFSv2 predicted the onset phase of the CP El Ninos well but prolonged their decay phase. The hit rate for both El Nino and La Nina was lower in the later period than in the early period, and the false alarm for La Nina increased appreciably from the early to the later period. C1 [Xue, Yan; Chen, Mingyue; Kumar, Arun; Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Wang, Wanqiu] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Xue, Y (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, 5830 Univ Res Court,Room 3005, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM yan.xue@noaa.gov RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011 OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400 NR 40 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 26 IS 15 BP 5358 EP 5378 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00600.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 190GP UT WOS:000322327700004 ER PT J AU Lin, YL Zhao, M Ming, Y Golaz, JC Donner, LJ Klein, SA Ramaswamy, V Xie, SC AF Lin, Yanluan Zhao, Ming Ming, Yi Golaz, Jean-Christophe Donner, Leo J. Klein, Stephen A. Ramaswamy, V. Xie, Shaocheng TI Precipitation Partitioning, Tropical Clouds, and Intraseasonal Variability in GFDL AM2 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Climate models; Convective parameterization; Intraseasonal variability ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; STATIC ENERGY BUDGET; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; ARAKAWA-SCHUBERT; ECMWF MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; FREQUENCY; WAVES AB A set of Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Atmospheric Model version 2 (AM2) sensitivity simulations by varying an entrainment threshold rate to control deep convection occurrence are used to investigate how cumulus parameterization impacts tropical cloud and precipitation characteristics. In the tropics, model convective precipitation (CP) is frequent and light, while large-scale precipitation (LSP) is intermittent and strong. With deep convection inhibited, CP decreases significantly over land and LSP increases prominently over ocean. This results in an overall redistribution of precipitation from land to ocean. A composite analysis reveals that cloud fraction (low and middle) and cloud condensate associated with LSP are substantially larger than those associated with CP. With about the same total precipitation and precipitation frequency distribution over the tropics, simulations having greater LSP fraction tend to have larger cloud condensate and low and middle cloud fraction.Simulations having a greater LSP fraction tend to be drier and colder in the upper troposphere. The induced unstable stratification supports strong transient wind perturbations and LSP. Greater LSP also contributes to greater intraseasonal (20-100 days) precipitation variability. Model LSP has a close connection to the low-level convergence via the resolved grid-scale dynamics and, thus, a close coupling with the surface heat flux. Such wind-evaporation feedback is essential to the development and maintenance of LSP and enhances model precipitation variability. LSP has stronger dependence and sensitivity on column moisture than CP. The moisture-convection feedback, critical to tropical intraseasonal variability, is enhanced in simulations with large LSP. Strong precipitation variability accompanied by a worse mean state implies that an optimal precipitation partitioning is critical to model tropical climate simulation. C1 [Lin, Yanluan; Zhao, Ming] Univ Corp Atmospheric Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Lin, Yanluan; Zhao, Ming; Ming, Yi; Golaz, Jean-Christophe; Donner, Leo J.; Ramaswamy, V.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Klein, Stephen A.; Xie, Shaocheng] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Lin, YL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM yanluan.lin@noaa.gov RI Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014; lin, yanluan/A-6333-2015; Xie, Shaocheng/D-2207-2013; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016 OI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435; Xie, Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science at the U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This research is supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy (Lin). Support for S. A. Klein and S. Xie was provided by the Atmospheric System Research and Regional and Global Climate Modeling Programs of the Office of Science at the U.S. Department of Energy. Their contribution to this work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. We are grateful to Dr. Waliser for providing us with the ice retrievals from CloudSat. We thank Hiram Levy II and Huan Guo for their comments on the manuscript. We also acknowledge the three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which significantly improved the organization and clarity of the paper. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 26 IS 15 BP 5453 EP 5466 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00442.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 190GP UT WOS:000322327700009 ER PT J AU Song, H Lin, WY Lin, YL Wolf, AB Neggers, R Donner, LJ Del Genio, AD Liu, YG AF Song, Hua Lin, Wuyin Lin, Yanluan Wolf, Audrey B. Neggers, Roel Donner, Leo J. Del Genio, Anthony D. Liu, Yangang TI Evaluation of Precipitation Simulated by Seven SCMs against the ARM Observations at the SGP Site SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Model comparison; Model evaluation; performance; Single column models ID SINGLE-COLUMN MODEL; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; DIURNAL CYCLE; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION; CONVECTIVE PRECIPITATION; CLIMATE SIMULATIONS; MOIST CONVECTION; GREAT-PLAINS AB This study evaluates the performances of seven single-column models (SCMs) by comparing simulated surface precipitation with observations at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Southern Great Plains (SGP) site from January 1999 to December 2001. Results show that although most SCMs can reproduce the observed precipitation reasonably well, there are significant and interesting differences in their details. In the cold season, the model-observation differences in the frequency and mean intensity of rain events tend to compensate each other for most SCMs. In the warm season, most SCMs produce more rain events in daytime than in nighttime, whereas the observations have more rain events in nighttime. The mean intensities of rain events in these SCMs are much stronger in daytime, but weaker in nighttime, than the observations. The higher frequency of rain events during warm-season daytime in most SCMs is related to the fact that most SCMs produce a spurious precipitation peak around the regime of weak vertical motions but rich in moisture content. The models also show distinct biases between nighttime and daytime in simulating significant rain events. In nighttime, all the SCMs have a lower frequency of moderate-to-strong rain events than the observations for both seasons. In daytime, most SCMs have a higher frequency of moderate-to-strong rain events than the observations, especially in the warm season. Further analysis reveals distinct meteorological backgrounds for large underestimation and overestimation events. The former occur in the strong ascending regimes with negative low-level horizontal heat and moisture advection, whereas the latter occur in the weak or moderate ascending regimes with positive low-level horizontal heat and moisture advection. C1 [Song, Hua; Lin, Wuyin; Lin, Yanluan; Liu, Yangang] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Lin, Yanluan; Donner, Leo J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Wolf, Audrey B.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Neggers, Roel] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Del Genio, Anthony D.] NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. RP Song, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, 75 Rutherford Dr,Bldg 815E, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hsong@bnl.gov RI Liu, Yangang/H-6154-2011; lin, yanluan/A-6333-2015 FU U.S. Department of Energy Earth System Modeling (ESM) program FX This work is part of the FASTER project (http://www.bnl.gov/faster/) supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Earth System Modeling (ESM) program. The authors thank the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. The first author also would like to express her sincere gratitude to her former advisor Dr. Minghua Zhang for his incessant support and encouragement throughout her research. NR 60 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 26 IS 15 BP 5467 EP 5492 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00263.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 190GP UT WOS:000322327700010 ER PT J AU Kapnick, SB Delworth, TL AF Kapnick, Sarah B. Delworth, Thomas L. TI Controls of Global Snow under a Changed Climate SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Climate variability; Hydrologic cycle; Climate models; General circulation models; Reanalysis data ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; MOUNTAIN SNOWPACK; WATER EQUIVALENT; SURFACE ALBEDO; PART I; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; COVER AB This study assesses the ability of a newly developed high-resolution coupled model from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory to simulate the cold-season hydroclimate in the present climate and examines its response to climate change forcing. Output is assessed from a 280-yr control simulation that is based on 1990 atmospheric composition and an idealized 140-yr future simulation in which atmospheric carbon dioxide increases at 1% yr(-1) until doubling in year 70 and then remains constant. When compared with a low-resolution model, the high-resolution model is found to better represent the geographic distribution of snow variables in the present climate. In response to idealized radiative forcing changes, both models produce similar global-scale responses in which global-mean temperature and total precipitation increase while snowfall decreases. Zonally, snowfall tends to decrease in the low to midlatitudes and increase in the mid- to high latitudes. At the regional scale, the high- and low-resolution models sometimes diverge in the sign of projected snowfall changes; the high-resolution model exhibits future increases in a few select high-altitude regions, notably the northwestern Himalaya region and small regions in the Andes and southwestern Yukon, Canada. Despite such local signals, there is an almost universal reduction in snowfall as a percent of total precipitation in both models. By using a simple multivariate model, temperature is shown to drive these trends by decreasing snowfall almost everywhere while precipitation increases snowfall in the high altitudes and mid- to high latitudes. Mountainous regions of snowfall increases in the high-resolution model exhibit a unique dominance of the positive contribution from precipitation over temperature. C1 [Kapnick, Sarah B.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Kapnick, Sarah B.; Delworth, Thomas L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Kapnick, SB (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM skapnick@princeton.edu RI Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Kapnick, Sarah/C-5209-2014 OI Kapnick, Sarah/0000-0003-0979-3070 NR 55 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 58 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 26 IS 15 BP 5537 EP 5562 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00528.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 190GP UT WOS:000322327700014 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Chen, MY Wang, WQ AF Kumar, Arun Chen, Mingyue Wang, Wanqiu TI Understanding Prediction Skill of Seasonal Mean Precipitation over the Tropics SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE ENSO; Climate prediction; Seasonal forecasting; Interannual variability ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERIC BRIDGE; MODEL SIMULATIONS; ENSO; TELECONNECTIONS; OCEAN AB The connection between the local SST and precipitation (SST-P) correlation and the prediction skill of precipitation on a seasonal time scale is investigated based on seasonal hindcasts from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2). The results demonstrate that there is good correspondence between the two: precipitation skill is generally high only over the regions where SST-P correlation is positive and is low where SST-P correlation is small or weakly negative. This result has fundamental implications for understanding the limits of precipitation predictability on seasonal time scale and helps explain spatial variations in the skill of seasonal mean precipitation. Over the regions where atmospheric variability drives the ocean variability (and consequently the local SST-P correlation is weakly negative), the inherently unpredictable nature of atmospheric variability leads to low predictability for seasonal precipitation. On the other hand, over the regions where slow time scale ocean variability drives the atmosphere (and the local SST-P correlation is large positive), the predictability of seasonal mean precipitation is also high. C1 [Kumar, Arun; Chen, Mingyue; Wang, Wanqiu] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Chen, MY (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, Room 3011,5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM mingyue.chen@noaa.gov NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 26 IS 15 BP 5674 EP 5681 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00731.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 190GP UT WOS:000322327700022 ER PT J AU Chen, ZY Yan, XH Jiang, YW Jiang, LD Jo, YH AF Chen, Zhaoyun Yan, Xiao-Hai Jiang, Yuwu Jiang, Lide Jo, Young-Heon TI A study of cross-shore maximum upwelling intensity along the Northwest Africa coast SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Northwest Africa upwelling; Sea surface temperature; Minimum SST; Analytical model; Cross-shore wind ID EKMANS THEORY; MECHANISM; ATLANTIC; SYSTEM; BANK AB Satellite images of sea surface temperature (SST) show that the location of cross-shore SST minimum (LCSM) stretches along the isobaths in the Northwest Africa Upwelling System. To understand and interpret these observations better, we set up a two-dimensional analytical model that takes into account the surface and bottom Ekman transport and the alongshore geostrophic current, as well as bottom friction and variations in bottom topography. The structure of vertical velocity with a realistic topography clearly illustrates the variations of SST drop in a sample cross-shore section. Some idealized theoretical model experiments are carried out to examine the effects of eddy viscosity, Coriolis force, and cross-shore wind on the location of the cross-shore maximum upwelling intensity. The results show that the cross-shore wind largely impacts on the location where the coldest water outcrops to the surface through an adjustment of the cross-shore pressure gradient. This is also verified by the remotely sensed data, which indicate that the maximum correlation coefficient between cross-shore wind stress and the depth of LCSM is -0.65 with a lag of approximately 1 day. C1 [Chen, Zhaoyun; Yan, Xiao-Hai; Jiang, Yuwu] Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. [Chen, Zhaoyun; Yan, Xiao-Hai; Jo, Young-Heon] Univ Delaware, Ctr Remote Sensing, Coll Earth Ocean & Environm, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Jiang, Lide] NOAA Sci Ctr, NOAA NESDIS STAR, E RA3, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Jiang, YW (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. EM ywjiang@xmu.edu.cn RI jiang, Yuwu/B-8208-2012; HUANG, Shuiying/C-3117-2014; Jiang, Lide/G-2041-2010 OI Jiang, Lide/0000-0002-9883-4411 FU Natural Science Foundation of China [41076001]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China [2010121029] FX This study was originally inspired by the work of Estrade et al. (2008). This research was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 41076001) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (grant no. 2010121029) of China. We also thank Federico Ienna for editorial assistance with our English, and the two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0916-8370 EI 1573-868X J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 69 IS 4 BP 443 EP 450 DI 10.1007/s10872-013-0185-5 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 186AJ UT WOS:000322013300006 ER PT J AU Sakulich, AR Bentz, DP AF Sakulich, A. R. Bentz, D. P. TI Mitigation of autogenous shrinkage in alkali activated slag mortars by internal curing SO MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Slag; Shrinkage; Alkali activation; Internal curing ID MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; FINE AGGREGATE; CONCRETE; TECHNOLOGY; HYDRATION; PASTE; NUCLEATION; RESISTANCE; STRENGTH; CEMENTS AB Alkali activated slag shows considerable promise as an environmentally friendly alternative to binders produced from ordinary portland cement. The shrinkage behavior of alkali activated slags, however, is not well understood, and is a hurdle to widespread adoption. The use of pre-wetted lightweight aggregate-based internal curing to mitigate shrinkage in slags activated by Na2CO3 solution or waterglass/NaOH solution has been investigated. Chemical shrinkage measurements were used to determine the amount of additional curing water needed by the mixtures, and autogenous and total shrinkage measurements used to determine the effects of internal curing on the overall shrinkage of the systems. Internal curing can completely mitigate autogenous shrinkage; however, in the systems examined here, drying shrinkage was the dominant shrinkage factor. In such a case, the benefits of internal curing are most clearly observed during the first 7 days. C1 [Sakulich, A. R.; Bentz, D. P.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sakulich, AR (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Stop 7313, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM a.sakulich@gmail.com; dale.bentz@nist.gov RI Sakulich, Aaron/G-6010-2014; OI Sakulich, Aaron/0000-0002-6796-4045 FU National Research Council FX This research was supported by a grant from the National Research Council's Research Associateship Program. The authors would like to thank Big River Industries, Holcim US Inc., and PQ Corporation for providing samples. NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1359-5997 EI 1871-6873 J9 MATER STRUCT JI Mater. Struct. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 46 IS 8 BP 1355 EP 1367 DI 10.1617/s11527-012-9978-z PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 192OF UT WOS:000322493800011 ER PT J AU Avila, LA Stewart, SR AF Avila, Lixion A. Stewart, Stacy R. TI ANNUAL WEATHER SUMMARY Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2011 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Forecasting ID FORECASTS AB The 2011 Atlantic season was marked by above-average tropical cyclone activity with the formation of 19 tropical storms. Seven of the storms became hurricanes and four became major hurricanes (category 3 or higher on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale). The numbers of tropical storms and hurricanes were above the long-term averages of 12 named storms, 6 hurricanes, and 3 major hurricanes. Despite the high level of activity, Irene was the only hurricane to hit land in 2011, striking both the Bahamas and the United States. Other storms, however, affected the United States, eastern Canada, Central America, eastern Mexico, and the northeastern Caribbean Sea islands. The death toll from the 2011 Atlantic tropical cyclones is 80. National Hurricane Center mean official track forecast errors in 2011 were smaller than the previous 5-yr means at all forecast times except 120 h. In addition, the official track forecast errors set records for accuracy at the 24-, 36-, 48-, and 72-h forecast times. The mean intensity forecast errors in 2011 ranged from about 6 kt (similar to 3 m s(-1)) at 12 h to about 17 kt (similar to 9 m s(-1)) at 72 and 120 h. These errors were below the 5-yr means at all forecast times. C1 [Avila, Lixion A.; Stewart, Stacy R.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL 33165 USA. RP Avila, LA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Hurricane Ctr, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA. EM lixion.a.avila@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 141 IS 8 BP 2577 EP 2596 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00230.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 188VR UT WOS:000322225200001 ER PT J AU Knapp, KR Knaff, JA Sampson, CR Riggio, GM Schnapp, AD AF Knapp, Kenneth R. Knaff, John A. Sampson, Charles R. Riggio, Gustavo M. Schnapp, Adam D. TI A Pressure-Based Analysis of the Historical Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Intensity Record SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Hurricanes; typhoons; Data quality control; Databases ID SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE; AIRCRAFT RECONNAISSANCE; DATASETS; TYPHOON; TRENDS AB The western North Pacific Ocean is the most active tropical cyclone (TC) basin. However, recent studies are not conclusive on whether the TC activity is increasing or decreasing, at least when calculations are based on maximum sustained winds. For this study, TC minimum central pressure data are analyzed in an effort to better understand historical typhoons. Best-track pressure reports are compared with aircraft reconnaissance observations; little bias is observed. An analysis of wind and pressure relationships suggests changes in data and practices at numerous agencies over the historical record. New estimates of maximum sustained winds are calculated using recent wind-pressure relationships and parameters from International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) data. The result suggests potential reclassification of numerous typhoons based on these pressure-based lifetime maximum intensities. Historical documentation supports these new intensities in many cases. In short, wind reports in older best-track data are likely of low quality. The annual activity based on pressure estimates is found to be consistent with aircraft reconnaissance and between agencies; however, reconnaissance ended in the western Pacific in 1987. Since then, interagency differences in maximum wind estimates noted here and by others also exist in the minimum central pressure reports. Reconciling these recent interagency differences is further exasperated by the lack of adequate ground truth. This study suggests efforts to intercalibrate the interagency intensity estimate methods. Conducting an independent and homogeneous reanalysis of past typhoon activity is likely necessary to resolve the remaining discrepancies in typhoon intensity records. C1 [Knapp, Kenneth R.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Knaff, John A.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Sampson, Charles R.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Riggio, Gustavo M.; Schnapp, Adam D.] Univ N Carolina, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Knapp, KR (reprint author), 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM ken.knapp@noaa.gov RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; Knapp, Kenneth/E-9817-2011 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; NR 55 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 141 IS 8 BP 2611 EP 2631 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00323.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 188VR UT WOS:000322225200003 ER PT J AU Ge, GQ Gao, JD Xue, M AF Ge, Guoqing Gao, Jidong Xue, Ming TI Impacts of Assimilating Measurements of Different State Variables with a Simulated Supercell Storm and Three-Dimensional Variational Method SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Variational analysis; Data assimilation ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; SINGLE-DOPPLER OBSERVATIONS; WATER-VAPOR OBSERVATIONS; MODEL INITIAL FIELDS; WSR-88D RADAR DATA; LEVEL-II DATA; PART II AB This paper investigates the impacts of assimilating measurements of different state variables, which can be potentially available from various observational platforms, on the cycled analysis and short-range forecast of supercell thunderstorms by performing a set of observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) using a storm-scale three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) method. The control experiments assimilate measurements every 5 min for 90 min. It is found that the assimilation of horizontal wind can reconstruct the storm structure rather accurately. The assimilation of vertical velocity , potential temperature , or water vapor can partially rebuild the thermodynamic and precipitation fields but poorly retrieves the wind fields. The assimilation of rainwater mixing ratio can build up the precipitation fields together with a reasonable cold pool but is unable to properly recover the wind fields. Overall, data have the greatest impact, while have the second largest impact. The impact of is the smallest. The impact of assimilation frequency is examined by comparing results using 1-, 5-, or 10-min assimilation intervals. When is assimilated every 5 or 10 min, the analysis quality can be further improved by the incorporation of additional types of observations. When are assimilated every minute, the benefit from additional types of observations is negligible, except for . It is also found that for , , and measurements, more frequent assimilation leads to more accurate analyses. For and , a 1-min assimilation interval does not produce a better analysis than a 5-min interval. C1 [Ge, Guoqing; Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gao, Jidong] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Ge, GQ (reprint author), Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Suite 2500,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM geguoqing@ou.edu RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011; Ge, Guoqing/J-3067-2015 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238; Ge, Guoqing/0000-0002-9934-0608 FU NSF [ATM-0738370, ATM-0802888, OCI-0905040, AGS-0941491, AGS-1046171, AGS-1046081]; NOAA's Warn-on-Forecast project; National 973 Fundamental Research Program of China [2013CB430103] FX This research was supported by NSF Grants ATM-0738370, ATM-0802888, and NOAA's Warn-on-Forecast project. Computations were performed at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC) and Oklahoma Supercomputing Center for Research and Education (OSCER). The third author acknowledges the support of NSF Grants OCI-0905040, AGS-0941491, AGS-1046171, and AGS-1046081, and National 973 Fundamental Research Program of China (2013CB430103). The authors also thank Dr. Nathan Snook for proof-reading the manuscript. Thoughtful comments from two anonymous reviewers and Editor Dr. Fuqing Zhang significantly improved this paper. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 141 IS 8 BP 2759 EP 2777 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00193.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 188VR UT WOS:000322225200011 ER PT J AU Schumacher, RS Clark, AJ Xue, M Kong, FY AF Schumacher, Russ S. Clark, Adam J. Xue, Ming Kong, Fanyou TI Factors Influencing the Development and Maintenance of Nocturnal Heavy-Rain-Producing Convective Systems in a Storm-Scale Ensemble SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Flood events; Precipitation; Convective-scale processes; Mesoscale processes; Ensembles; Mesoscale forecasting ID LIVED MESOCONVECTIVE VORTICES; WARM-CORE VORTEX; WRF MODEL; PART I; QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; REGIONAL PREDICTION; INITIAL-CONDITION; SPRING EXPERIMENT; EXTREME RAINFALL AB From 9 to 11 June 2010, a mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) was associated with several periods of heavy rainfall that led to flash flooding. During the overnight hours, mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) developed that moved slowly and produced heavy rainfall over small areas in south-central Texas on 9 June, north Texas on 10 June, and western Arkansas on 11 June. In this study, forecasts of this event from the Center for the Analysis and Prediction of Storms' Storm-Scale Ensemble Forecast system are examined. This ensemble, with 26 members at 4-km horizontal grid spacing, included a few members that very accurately predicted the development, maintenance, and evolution of the heavy-rain-producing MCSs, along with a majority of members that had substantial errors in their precipitation forecasts. The processes favorable for the initiation, organization, and maintenance of these heavy-rain-producing MCSs are diagnosed by comparing ensemble members with accurate and inaccurate forecasts. Even within a synoptic environment known to be conducive to extreme local rainfall, there was considerable spread in the ensemble's rainfall predictions. Because all ensemble members included an anomalously moist environment, the precipitation predictions were insensitive to the atmospheric moisture. However, the development of heavy precipitation overnight was very sensitive to the intensity and evolution of convection the previous day. Convective influences on the strength of the MCV and its associated dome of cold air at low levels determined whether subsequent deep convection was initiated and maintained. In all, this ensemble provides quantitative and qualitative information about the mesoscale processes that are most favorable (or unfavorable) for localized extreme rainfall. C1 [Schumacher, Russ S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. [Schumacher, Russ S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Clark, Adam J.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Clark, Adam J.] NOAA OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Xue, Ming; Kong, Fanyou] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Schumacher, RS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM russ.schumacher@colostate.edu RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011; Schumacher, Russ/A-9979-2009 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238; Schumacher, Russ/0000-0002-4404-3104 FU NOAA CSTAR Program; NSF [AGS-0802888]; National Science Foundation [AGS-0954908, AGS-1157425] FX The authors thank the NSSL NMQ for providing radar reflectivity mosaic images, to NCAR for providing archived stage IV precipitation data, and to UCAR/COSMIC for providing the GPS PW observations. The authors also thank Drs. Michael Coniglio (NSSL) and David Novak (HPC) for helpful discussions regarding this work. The constructive reviews from Dr. Thomas Galarneau and an anonymous reviewer, and editorial advice from Dr. Ron McTaggart-Cowan, helped to improve the manuscript considerably. CAPS SSEF forecasts were supported by the NOAA CSTAR Program with supplementary support from NSF Grant AGS-0802888. The forecasts were produced on a Cray XT4 at the National Institute for Computational Science operated under the support of the National Science Foundation. R. Schumacher was supported by National Science Foundation Grants AGS-0954908 and AGS-1157425. M. Xue was supported by NSF Grants OCI-0905040, AGS-0941491, AGS-1046171, and AGS-1046081. Kevin Thomas, Yunheng Wang, Keith Brewster, Jidong Gao, and other scientists at CAPS contributed to the production of the 2010 CAPS SSEF forecasts. Finally, the authors express their gratitude to all of those responsible for organizing, running, and participating in the HWT Spring Forecast Experiment. NR 75 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 141 IS 8 BP 2778 EP 2801 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00239.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 188VR UT WOS:000322225200012 ER PT J AU Mensa, JA Garraffo, Z Griffa, A Ozgokmen, TM Haza, A Veneziani, M AF Mensa, Jean Alberto Garraffo, Zulema Griffa, Annalisa Oezgoekmen, Tamay Mehmet Haza, Angelique Veneziani, Milena TI Seasonality of the submesoscale dynamics in the Gulf Stream region SO OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Submesoscale; Seasonality; Frontogenesis; Mixed layer instabilities; Ageostrophic dynamics; Gulf Stream; HYCOM; Multi-scale ID MIXED-LAYER INSTABILITIES; CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; OCEAN MODEL HYCOM; GEOSTROPHIC BAROCLINIC STABILITY; AIR-SEA FLUXES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; VERTICAL COORDINATE; GRAND-BANKS; PART II AB Frontogenesis and frontal instabilities in the mixed layer are known to be important processes in the formation of submesoscale features. We study the seasonality of such processes in the Gulf Stream (GS) region. To approach this problem, a realistic simulation with the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model is integrated for 18 months at two horizontal resolutions: a high-resolution (1/48A degrees) simulation able to resolve part of the submesoscale regime and the full range of mesoscale dynamics, and a coarser resolution (1/12A degrees) case, in which submesoscales are not resolved. Results provide an insight into submesoscale dynamics in the complex GS region. A clear seasonal cycle is observed, with submesoscale features mostly present during winter. The submesoscale field is quantitatively characterized in terms of deviation from geostrophy and 2D dynamics. The limiting and controlling factor in the occurrence of submesoscales appears to be the depth of the mixed layer, which controls the reservoir of available potential energy available at the mesoscale fronts that are present most of the year. Atmospheric forcings are the main energy source behind submesoscale formation, but mostly indirectly through mixed layer deepening. The mixed layer instability scaling suggested in the (Fox-Kemper et al., J Phys Oceanogr 38:1145-1165, 2008) parametrization appears to hold, indicating that the parametrization is appropriate even in this complex and mesoscale dominated area. C1 [Mensa, Jean Alberto; Griffa, Annalisa; Oezgoekmen, Tamay Mehmet; Haza, Angelique] Univ Miami, RSMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Garraffo, Zulema] NOAA, IMSG, EMC, NCWCP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Griffa, Annalisa] UOS Pozzuolo di Lerici SP, CNR, ISMAR, I-10932 Lerici, La Spezia, Italy. [Veneziani, Milena] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Fluid Dynam & Solid Mech MSB216 T3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mensa, JA (reprint author), Univ Miami, RSMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Csw, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jmensa@rsmas.miami.edu RI CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014 OI CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0850714, OCE-0850690]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-0267, DMS-1025323]; ONR under the Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative on Dynamical Systems Theory Ocean 3D + 1 [N00014-11-1-0087] FX We greatly appreciate the support of the National Science Foundation via grant OCE-0850714 and grant OCE-0850690 the Office of Naval Research via grant N00014-09-1-0267 and DMS-1025323. This research was also supported by the ONR grant N00014-11-1-0087 under the Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative on Dynamical Systems Theory Ocean 3D + 1. Discussions with ONR Lateral Mixing Group were most appreciated. We thank the computing center of the University of Miami (http://ccs.miami.edu/hpc/) Yeon Chang, Gustavo Mastrorocco Marques and the ISMAR-CNR in Lerici (SP, Italy) for the support. NR 84 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 25 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1616-7341 EI 1616-7228 J9 OCEAN DYNAM JI Ocean Dyn. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 63 IS 8 BP 923 EP 941 DI 10.1007/s10236-013-0633-1 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 191GE UT WOS:000322400300004 ER PT J AU Hegg, JC Kennedy, BP Chittaro, PM Zabel, RW AF Hegg, Jens C. Kennedy, Brian P. Chittaro, Paul M. Zabel, Richard W. TI Spatial structuring of an evolving life-history strategy under altered environmental conditions SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Phenotypic plasticity; Local adaptation; Chinook salmon; Juvenile migration; Otolith microchemistry ID FALL CHINOOK SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; SNAKE RIVER; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; COLUMBIA RIVER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; STABLE-CARBON; SR ISOTOPES AB Human disturbances to ecosystems have created challenges to populations worldwide, forcing them to respond phenotypically in ways that increase their fitness under current conditions. One approach to examining population responses to disturbance in species with complex life histories is to study species that exhibit spatial patterns in their phenotypic response across populations or demes. In this study, we investigate a threatened population of fall chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Snake River of Idaho, in which a significant fraction of the juvenile population have been shown to exhibit a yearling out-migration strategy which had not previously been thought to exist. It has been suggested that dam-related environmental changes may have altered the selective pressures experienced by out-migrating fall chinook, driving evolution of a later and more selectively advantageous migration strategy. Using isotopic analysis of otoliths from returning adult spawners, we reconstructed the locations of individual fish at three major juvenile life stages to determine if the representation of the yearling life history was geographically structured within the population. We reconstructed juvenile locations for natal, rearing and overwintering life stages in each of the major spawning areas in the basin. Our results indicate that the yearling life-history strategy is predominantly represented within one of the main spawning regions, the Clearwater River, rather than being distributed throughout the basin. Previous studies have shown the Clearwater River to have cooler temperatures, later hatch dates, and later outmigration of juveniles, indicating a link between environment and expression of the yearling life history. Our data suggest that this new yearling life history may be disproportionally represented in returning adult spawners, indicating selection for this life history within the population. C1 [Hegg, Jens C.; Kennedy, Brian P.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Kennedy, Brian P.] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Kennedy, Brian P.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Chittaro, Paul M.; Zabel, Richard W.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Hegg, JC (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM hegg1432@vandals.uidaho.edu OI Hegg, Jens/0000-0003-0125-9287 FU USACE; NMFS - NWFSC; NSF GK-12 award [0841199]; NSF Idaho EPSCoR program [EPS-0814387] FX Thanks to members of the CIFEES laboratory at University of Idaho, including E. Hamann, J. Reader and S. Bourret for help in sample collection, analysis, and method development. Thanks to A. Fremier for help with geospatial analysis and to B. Connor with U. S. Fish and Wildlife and B. Arnsberg from Nez Perce Tribal Fisheries who collected juvenile samples for this study. Thanks to D. Milks, staff at Lyons Ferry Hatchery and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, for facilitating sample collection and providing scale analysis. Thanks to the Washington State University Geoanalytical Lab, J. Vervoort, C. Knaack, and G. Hart for the use of their equipment and help in isotopic method development. This work was funded by grants to R. Zabel and B. Kennedy from the USACE and to B. Kennedy from NMFS - NWFSC. Additional funding came from an NSF GK-12 award, #0841199, and by the NSF Idaho EPSCoR program, award number EPS-0814387. NR 65 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 78 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2013 VL 172 IS 4 BP 1017 EP 1029 DI 10.1007/s00442-012-2564-9 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 188GF UT WOS:000322180000010 PM 23423520 ER PT J AU Thompson, AR Adam, TC Hultgren, KM Thacker, CE AF Thompson, Andrew R. Adam, Thomas C. Hultgren, Kristin M. Thacker, Christine E. TI Ecology and Evolution Affect Network Structure in an Intimate Marine Mutualism SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE mutualism; network topology; specialization; shrimp goby; forbidden link ID CRYPTOCENTRUS-STEINITZI PISCES; ALPHEUS-PURPURILENTICULARIS CRUSTACEA; SHRIMP PARTNER SPECIFICITY; COEVOLUTIONARY NETWORKS; TACTILE COMMUNICATION; DEMOGRAPHICALLY OPEN; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; NESTED STRUCTURE; FOOD WEBS; RED-SEA AB Elucidating patterns and causes of interaction among mutualistic species is a major focus of ecology, and recent meta-analyses of terrestrial networks show that network-level reciprocal specialization tends to be higher in intimate mutualisms than in nonintimate mutualisms. It is largely unknown, however, whether this pattern holds for and what factors affect specialization in marine mutualisms. Here we present the first analysis of network specialization (H-2') for marine mutualistic networks. Specialization among eight Indo-Pacific networks of obligate mutualistic gobies and shrimps was indistinguishable from that among comparably intimate terrestrial mutualisms (ants-myrmecophytes) and higher than that among nonintimate ones (seed dispersers). Specialization was affected by variability in habitat use for both gobies and shrimps and by phylogenetic history for shrimps. Habitat use was phylogenetically conserved among shrimp, and thus effects of shrimp phylogeny on partner choice were mediated in part by habitat. By contrast, habitat use and pairing patterns in gobies were not related to phylogenetic history. This asymmetry appears to result from evolutionary constraints on partner use in shrimps and convergence among distantly related gobies to utilize burrows provided by multiple shrimp species. Results indicate that the evolution of mutualism is affected by life-history characteristics that transcend environments and that different factors constrain interactions in disparate ecosystems. C1 [Thompson, Andrew R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Thompson, Andrew R.; Thacker, Christine E.] Nat Hist Museum Angeles Cty, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. [Adam, Thomas C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Coastal Res Ctr, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hultgren, Kristin M.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Hultgren, Kristin M.] Seattle Univ, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. RP Thompson, AR (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM andrew.thompson@noaa.gov FU W. M. Keck foundation; R. M. Parsons foundation; National Science Foundation Moorea Coral Reef Long Term Ecological Research project [OCE 04-17412] FX We are grateful to J. P. Chen, D. Geiger, M. Jeng, I. Karplus, J. S. White, and B. Wolcott and to the staffs of the Mahonia Na Dari Research Institute of Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea, and the UCB (University of California, Berkeley) Gump Research Station in Moorea, French Polynesia, for their support and assistance with fieldwork, collections, and/or analysis. Comments by N. Bowlin, R. Nisbet, A. Rossberg, S. Sandin, W. Watson, and two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the W. M. Keck and R. M. Parsons foundations in support of the program in Molecular Systematics and Evolution at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County and the National Science Foundation Moorea Coral Reef Long Term Ecological Research project (OCE 04-17412). This is contribution 197 of the UCB Richard B. Gump South Pacific Research Station. NR 84 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 55 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 EI 1537-5323 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 182 IS 2 BP E58 EP E72 DI 10.1086/670803 PG 15 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 181XI UT WOS:000321703400003 PM 23852363 ER PT J AU Regan, TJ Taylor, BL Thompson, GG Cochrane, JF Ralls, K Runge, MC Merrick, R AF Regan, Tracey J. Taylor, Barbara L. Thompson, Grant G. Cochrane, Jean Fitts Ralls, Katherine Runge, Michael C. Merrick, Richard TI Testing Decision Rules for Categorizing Species' Extinction Risk to Help Develop Quantitative Listing Criteria for the US Endangered Species Act SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian analysis; loss functions; performance testing; population viability analysis ID UNCERTAINTY; ADVICE; MODELS AB Lack of guidance for interpreting the definitions of endangered and threatened in the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) has resulted in case-by-case decision making leaving the process vulnerable to being considered arbitrary or capricious. Adopting quantitative decision rules would remedy this but requires the agency to specify the relative urgency concerning extinction events over time, cutoff risk values corresponding to different levels of protection, and the importance given to different types of listing errors. We tested the performance of 3 sets of decision rules that use alternative functions for weighting the relative urgency of future extinction events: a threshold rule set, which uses a decision rule of x% probability of extinction over y years; a concave rule set, where the relative importance of future extinction events declines exponentially over time; and a shoulder rule set that uses a sigmoid shape function, where relative importance declines slowly at first and then more rapidly. We obtained decision cutoffs by interviewing several biologists and then emulated the listing process with simulations that covered a range of extinction risks typical of ESA listing decisions. We evaluated performance of the decision rules under different data quantities and qualities on the basis of the relative importance of misclassification errors. Although there was little difference between the performance of alternative decision rules for correct listings, the distribution of misclassifications differed depending on the function used. Misclassifications for the threshold and concave listing criteria resulted in more overprotection errors, particularly as uncertainty increased, whereas errors for the shoulder listing criteria were more symmetrical. We developed and tested the framework for quantitative decision rules for listing species under the U.S. ESA. If policy values can be agreed on, use of this framework would improve the implementation of the ESA by increasing transparency and consistency. C1 [Regan, Tracey J.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Regan, Tracey J.; Taylor, Barbara L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Thompson, Grant G.] NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Cochrane, Jean Fitts] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Endangered Species Program, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Ralls, Katherine] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Merrick, Richard] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Assistant Administrator, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Regan, TJ (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. EM tregan@unimelb.edu.au RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011 OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X FU National Marine Fisheries Service; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Research Council; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions FX T.J.R. was jointly funded by the National Marine Fisheries Service and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through a fellowship with the National Research Council and the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions. We thank L. Maguire, M. Nammack, T. Ragen, and S. Rumsey for expert advice; and A. Read, P. Boveng, P. Wade, and M. Burgman for their useful comments. We honour the passing of Dr. Dan Goodman who provided software and intellectual stimulation for this project. Dan devoted much of his career to integrating decision theory into conservation biology and his mentoring was very important to several authors of this work. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 27 IS 4 BP 821 EP 831 DI 10.1111/cobi.12055 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 185PB UT WOS:000321980800019 PM 23646933 ER PT J AU Garcia-Reyes, M Sydeman, WJ Thompson, SA Black, BA Rykaczewski, RR Thayer, JA Bograd, SJ AF Garcia-Reyes, Marisol Sydeman, William J. Thompson, Sarah Ann Black, Bryan A. Rykaczewski, Ryan R. Thayer, Julie A. Bograd, Steven J. TI Integrated Assessment of Wind Effects on Central California's Pelagic Ecosystem SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE seabirds; rockfish; salmon; sardine; upwelling; growth; breeding success; recruitment; temperature ID MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PTYCHORAMPHUS-ALEUTICUS; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; CURRENT SYSTEM; GLOBAL CHANGE; OCEAN; GROWTH; FISHERIES AB Ecosystem-based management requires integrated physical studies on biological functions. In this study, we hypothesized that seasonal variation in upwelling-favorable winds has differential influences on species of the central California Current pelagic ecosystem. To test this hypothesis, we developed multivariate indicators of upwelling and species' responses using wind and sea surface temperature (SST) data from buoys and growth and reproductive data for 11 species of fish and seabirds. From previous work, we predicted that winds and SST could be decomposed into winter and spring/summer 'modes' of variability, but only a single mode of "winter/spring" environmental variability was observed. We attribute this difference from expectations to the local and shorter-term measurements of winds and SST used in this study. Most species responded to winds and SST variability similarly, but SST was a better predictor of most biological responses. Both SST and wind were better predictors than the traditional upwelling index. Notably, Pacific sardine (Sardinops sajax) was disassociated with the other biotic measurements and showed no relationships with coastal upwelling. The multivariate indicators developed here are particularly appropriate for integrated ecosystem assessments of climatic influences on marine life because they reflect both structure and processes (upwelling and timing/growth/productivity) known to determine functions in marine ecosystems. C1 [Garcia-Reyes, Marisol; Sydeman, William J.; Thompson, Sarah Ann; Thayer, Julie A.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Black, Bryan A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Rykaczewski, Ryan R.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Rykaczewski, Ryan R.] Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Bograd, Steven J.] NMFS, Div Environm Res, NOAA, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Garcia-Reyes, M (reprint author), Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, 101 H St Suite Q, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. EM marisolgr@gmail.com RI Black, Bryan/A-7057-2009; Rykaczewski, Ryan/A-8625-2016 OI Rykaczewski, Ryan/0000-0001-8893-872X FU NSF [1130125] FX Studies of Farallon Island seabirds were conducted by PRBO Conservation Science in cooperation with the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Farallon National Wildlife Refuge. This study was supported by NSF award no. 1130125 and donors of the Farallon Institute. We thank our colleagues Roy Mendelssohn, Brian Wells, Jarrod Santora, John Largier, and Marcel Losekoot for stimulating discussions concerning the seasonality of upwelling and ecosystem response. NR 70 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2013 VL 16 IS 5 BP 722 EP 735 DI 10.1007/s10021-013-9643-6 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 184RO UT WOS:000321911200002 ER PT J AU Tang, ZW Tan, YB Wu, H Gu, QF Zhou, W Jensen, CM Yu, XB AF Tang, Ziwei Tan, Yingbin Wu, Hui Gu, Qinfen Zhou, Wei Jensen, Craig M. Yu, Xuebin TI Metal cation-promoted hydrogen generation in activated aluminium borohydride ammoniates SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen storage material; Aluminum; Polarization of hydrogen; Metal borohydride ammoniate ID COMPLEX HYDRIDES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; STORAGE; DEHYDROGENATION; BORANE; DECOMPOSITION; DIFFRACTION; MONOAMMONIATE; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE AB The crystal structure of an aluminum-based borohydride ammoniate - Al(BH4)(3)center dot 6NH(3) - is reported for the first time. The molecular structure of Al(BH4)(3)center dot 6NH(3) is resolved by high-resolution X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallized in the space group Pbcn (No. 60), with lattice parameters of a = 13.2824(5) angstrom, b = 15.2698(7) angstrom and c = 13.1848(6) angstrom. Structure analysis shows that this compound contains complex hexamminealuminum (III) [Al(NH3)(6)](3+) cations, which are surrounded by BH4- anions. The interatomic distances between the H delta+ s from the NH3 units and the H delta- s from the BH4 units are in the range of 1.91-2.19 angstrom, suggesting the presence of significant H delta+ ... H-delta interactions. Mass spectrometry, thermogravimetry and temperature-programmed desorption studies of metal cation-modified aluminum-based borohydride ammoniates using the reactions of various metal borohydrides M(BH4)(n) (M = Na, Li, Ca, Mg) and chlorides MCln (M = Sc, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mg, Ca, Li) reveal that their dehydrogenation properties are strongly dependent on the polarizing power of the added metal cations. It is hypothesized that the added metal cations may activate the borohydride ion to such an extent that its H delta- can easily react with the H delta+ of the [Al(NH3)(6)](3+) cation, resulting in an enhanced interaction between the H delta+ and H delta-, thus enhancing their dehydrogenation kinetics. Subsequent deuterium isotope and X-ray measurements support the hypothesis that the H delta+ ... H-delta interactions play a role in the dehydrogenation of the metal borohydride ammoniates. Of the systems investigated, 0.5Mg(BH4)(2)/Li2Al(BH4)(5)center dot 6NH(3) is notable as it releases more than 10 wt.% high-purity H-2 within 30 min below 120 degrees C. This ranks among the highest values currently reported for potential solid-state hydrogen storage materials. These findings provide a feasible and simple route for modifying B-N-based, lightweight materials for highly efficient dehydrogenation. (C) 2013 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tang, Ziwei; Tan, Yingbin; Yu, Xuebin] Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gu, Qinfen] Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Jensen, Craig M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Chem, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Yu, XB (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM yuxuebin@fudan.edu.cn RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Yu, Xuebin/E-9785-2012 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2010CB631302]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [51071047]; Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China [20110071110009]; Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality [11JC1400700, 11520701100]; US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy FX This work was partially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2010CB631302), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51071047), the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (20110071110009) and the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (11JC1400700, 11520701100). We also wish to thank Jianqiang Wang for assistance in using the X-ray absorption fine structure spectra at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. C.M.J. acknowledges the financial support from the US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. NR 55 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 62 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 61 IS 13 BP 4787 EP 4796 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.05.003 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 180NH UT WOS:000321601400009 ER PT J AU Sweetman, CJ Sutton, TT Vecchione, M Latour, RJ AF Sweetman, C. J. Sutton, T. T. Vecchione, M. Latour, R. J. TI Distribution of the biomass-dominant pelagic fish, Bathylagus euryops (Argentiniformes: Microstomatidae), along the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Mid-ocean ridges; Mesopelagic zone; Bathypelagic zone; Vertical migration; Ontogeny; Prey availability ID ABUNDANCE; ZOOPLANKTON; JUNE; SEA; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; OCEAN; REALM; BASIN AB The northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR), from Iceland to the Azores, ranges in depth from 800-4500 in and extends over an area of 3.7 million km(2). Despite its size, few studies have described the distribution of pelagic fishes along the MAR. Recent evidence from MAR-ECO, a Census of Marine Life field project, reported increased abundance and biomass of deep-pelagic fishes below 1000 m on the ridge, which stands in stark contrast to the traditional view that abundance and biomass decline exponentially with increasing depth in 'typical' open ocean ecosystems. Among the midwater fishes sampled during the MAR-ECO campaign, Bathylagus euryops (Argentiniformes: Microstomatidae) was the biomass-dominant pelagic species and ranked third in total abundance. In this paper, we characterize the distribution of B. euryops in relation to physical and biological variables along the MAR. Average catch of B. euryops over the MAR varied between 0.68 individuals/100,000 m(3) +/- 0.70 individuals at the Azorean Zone and 5.82 individuals/100,000 m(3) +/- 2.08 individuals at the Reykjanes Ridge. Generalized linear models applied to B. euryops catch data indicated that ridge section, depth zone, and prey abundance were important explanatory variables in structuring the distribution along the MAR. Analyses of vertical distribution patterns, relative to time of day and fish size, showed that larger fish were found deeper in the water column, likely due to an ontogenetic migration to depth. Mean fish size increased from 58.9 mm standard length in the epipelagic zone and continually increased to 155.7 mm standard length between 2300-3000 m. Due to the high abundance and biomass observed along the MAR, B. euryops appears to be an important species in the oceanic food web of the North Atlantic Ocean. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sweetman, C. J.; Sutton, T. T.; Latour, R. J.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Vecchione, M.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, NMFS Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Sweetman, CJ (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM cjsweetman@vims.edu FU NSF Ocean Sciences Division-Biological Oceanography Program) [OCE 0623551]; VIMS Office of Academic Studies FX The authors acknowledge the crew of the R/V G.O. Sars and the FSV Henry B. Bigelow for their excellent shiptime services. M. Heino and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Thanks are also due to E. Hilton, D. Steinberg, and K. Parsons for their insight and support with this manuscript. The data analysis and synthesis were supported by NSF Ocean Sciences Division-Biological Oceanography Program (OCE 0623551) and the VIMS Office of Academic Studies. MAR-ECO is a Census of Marine Life field project. This paper is Contribution no. 3275 of VIMS, College of William & Mary. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 78 BP 16 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2013.03.004 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 179SA UT WOS:000321540400002 ER PT J AU Mullineaux, LS McGillicuddy, DJ Mills, SW Kosnyrev, VK Thurnherr, AM Ledwell, JR Lavelle, JW AF Mullineaux, L. S. McGillicuddy, D. J., Jr. Mills, S. W. Kosnyrev, V. K. Thurnherr, A. M. Ledwell, J. R. Lavelle, J. W. TI Active positioning of vent larvae at a mid-ocean ridge SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Hydrothermal springs; Deep water; Larvae; Mid-ocean ridges ID SEA HYDROTHERMAL VENTS; EAST PACIFIC RISE; GASTROPOD LARVAE; OYSTER LARVAE; DISPERSAL; BEHAVIOR; 10-DEGREES-N; HYDROGRAPHY; TRANSPORT; PLUMES AB The vertical position of larvae of vent species above a mid-ocean ridge potentially has a strong effect on their dispersal. Larvae may be advected upward in the buoyant vent plume, or move as a consequence of their buoyancy or by active swimming. Alternatively, they may be retained near the bottom by the topography of the axial trough, or by downward swimming. At vents near 9 degrees 50'N on the axis of the East Pacific Rise, evidence for active larval positioning was detected in a comparison between field observations of larvae in the plankton in 2006 and 2007 and distributions of non-swimming larvae in a two-dimensional bio-physical model. In the field, few vent larvae were collected at the level of the neutrally buoyant plume (similar to 75 m above the bottom); their relative abundances at that height were much lower than those of simulated larvae from a near-bottom release in the model. This discrepancy was observed for many vent species, particularly gastropods, suggesting that they may actively remain near the bottom by sinking or swimming downward. Near the seafloor, larval abundance decreased from the ridge axis to 1000 m off axis much more strongly in the observations than in the simulations, again pointing to behavior as a potential regulator of larval transport. We suspect that transport off axis was reduced by downward-moving behavior, which positioned larvae into locations where they were isolated from cross-ridge currents by seafloor topography, such as the walls of the axial valley which are not resolved in the model. Cross-ridge gradients in larval abundance varied between gastropods and polychaetes, indicating that behavior may vary between taxonomic groups, and possibly between species. These results suggest that behaviorally mediated retention of vent larvae may be common, even for species that have a long planktonic larval duration and are capable of long-distance dispersal. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mullineaux, L. S.; Mills, S. W.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [McGillicuddy, D. J., Jr.; Kosnyrev, V. K.; Ledwell, J. R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Thurnherr, A. M.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Div Ocean & Climate Phys, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Lavelle, J. W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Mullineaux, LS (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM lmullineaux@whoi.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Vents Program; NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; Captain and crew of RN Atlantis; Alvin group [AT15-12, AT15-26] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of NSF grants OCE-0424953 and OCE-0525361, which funded the Larval Dispersal on the Deep East Pacific Rise (LADDER) project. WHOI provided additional support to L.S.M. as an Ocean Life Fellow, to DJ.M. as 56 the Holger Jannasch Chair for Excellence in Oceanography, and to J.R. L as the Edward W. and Betty J. Scripps Senior Scientist Chair. J.W.L. was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Vents Program and by NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. We appreciate the operations support from the Captain and crew of RN Atlantis, and the Alvin group, during cruises AT15-12 and AT15-26. Technical and scientific assistance at sea was provided by S. Bayer, S. Beaulieu, I. Garcia Berdeal, X. Guan, B. Guest, B. Hogue, P.R Jackson, A. Kohli, X. Liang, A. Ruiz-Angulo, N. Staglicic, C. Strasser, F. Terenzi, B. Walther, and S. Worrilow. A. Waren provided expertise on larval gastropod identification. The study benefited from discussions with Stace Beaulieu and Diane Adams, and the manuscript was improved by comments from three anonymous reviewers. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 92 SI SI BP 46 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.03.032 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 174SZ UT WOS:000321177000006 ER PT J AU Kittinger, JN Van Houtan, KS McClenachan, LE Lawrence, AL AF Kittinger, John N. Van Houtan, Kyle S. McClenachan, Loren E. Lawrence, Amanda L. TI Using historical data to assess the biogeography of population recovery SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEA-TURTLES; ECOSYSTEMS AB Historical ecology research is valuable for assessing long-term baselines, and is increasingly applicable to conservation and management. In this study, we describe how historical range data can inform key aspects of protected species management, including evaluating conservation status and recovery, and determining practical management units. We examine contemporary (1973-2012) and historical (1250-1950) data on nesting beach distributions for green sea turtles Chelonia mydas in the Hawaiian Islands. Green turtle populations in Hawaii declined until federal and international protections began in the 1970s, but over the past four decades one index population has shown encouraging increases and broader recovery has been inferred. We find that 80% of historically major nesting populations are extirpated, or have heavily reduced nesting abundances in comparison with current estimates. Furthermore, historical nesting areas were not geographically isolated, but distributed across the archipelago. In comparison, today more than 90% of green turtle nesting in Hawaii occurs at a single site that is vulnerable to sea level rise. This research suggests that assessing recovery without historical data on spatial patterns may overlook important ecological dynamics at the popu lation or ecosystem level, which can result in improper or inadequate conservation assessments and recovery targets. C1 [Kittinger, John N.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kittinger, John N.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Van Houtan, Kyle S.; Lawrence, Amanda L.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [McClenachan, Loren E.] Colby Coll, Environm Studies Program, Waterville, ME 04901 USA. RP Kittinger, JN (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, 445 Saunders,2424 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM kyle.vanhoutan@noaa.gov FU NSF IGERT Graduate Fellowship [0549514]; DDRI [0926768]; NOAA contract (PIFSC) [JJ133F10SE2956]; Presidential Early Career Award for Scientist and Engineers; NOAA PIFSC Internship FX This is the second paper from the NOAA Pacific Sea Turtle Historical Ecology Working Group. S. Hargrove, B. Becker, and G. Balazs provided sea turtle abundance data. S. Pimm, J. Jackson, S. Pooley, F. Parrish, P. Opay, and T. Jones provided comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. JNK was supported by an NSF IGERT Graduate Fellowship (no. 0549514), a DDRI grant (no. 0926768), and a NOAA contract (PIFSC no. JJ133F10SE2956). KSVH was supported by a Presidential Early Career Award for Scientist and Engineers. ALL was supported by a NOAA PIFSC Internship. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 72 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD AUG PY 2013 VL 36 IS 8 BP 868 EP 872 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2013.00245.x PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 176TO UT WOS:000321328100003 ER PT J AU Fissel, BE Gilbert, B LaRiviere, J AF Fissel, Benjamin E. Gilbert, Ben LaRiviere, Jacob TI Technology adoption and diffusion with uncertainty in a commons SO ECONOMICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Technology adoption; Diffusion; Commons; Fisheries; Technological change ID FISHERY AB We model adoption and diffusion in a commons under uncertainty about a technology's value. Technological resource stock externalities make technology less valuable with depleted stocks, but transmit information about a new technology's value, causing faster adoption of high-value technologies. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fissel, Benjamin E.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Gilbert, Ben] Univ Wyoming, Dept Econ & Finance, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [LaRiviere, Jacob] Univ Tennessee, Dept Econ, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Gilbert, B (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Econ & Finance, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. EM ben.fissel@noaa.gov; bgilbe10@uwyo.edu; jlarivi1@utk.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0165-1765 J9 ECON LETT JI Econ. Lett. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 120 IS 2 BP 297 EP 301 DI 10.1016/j.econlet.2013.04.048 PG 5 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 180OL UT WOS:000321604400040 ER PT J AU Bejarano, AC Farr, JK AF Bejarano, Adriana C. Farr, James K. TI Development of short, acute exposure hazard estimates: A tool for assessing the effects of chemical spills in aquatic environments SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Species sensitivity distributions; Bootstrap; Short-exposure duration; Chemical spill ID SPECIES-SENSITIVITY DISTRIBUTIONS; ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; TOXICITY EAT DATABASE; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; PULSED-EXPOSURE; FRESH-WATER; CRUDE-OIL; SUBSTANCES; ORGANISMS AB Management decisions aimed at protecting aquatic resources following accidental chemical spills into rivers and coastal estuaries require estimates of toxic thresholds derived from realistic spill conditions: acute pulse exposures of short duration (h), information which often is unavailable. Most existing toxicity data (median lethal concentration or median effective concentration) come from tests performed under constant exposure concentrations and exposure durations in the 24-h to 96-h range, conditions not typical of most chemical spills. Short-exposure hazard concentration estimates were derived for selected chemicals using empirical toxicity data. Chemical-specific 5th percentile hazard concentrations (HC5) of species sensitivity distributions (SSD) from individual exposure durations (6-96h) were derived via bootstrap resampling and were plotted against their original exposure durations to estimate HC5s and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) at shorter exposures (1, 2, and 4h). This approach allowed the development of short-exposure HC5s for 12 chemicals. Model verification showed agreement between observed and estimated short-exposure HC5s (r(2) adjusted=0.95, p<0.0001), and comparison of estimated short-exposure HC5s with empirical toxicity data indicated generally conservative hazard estimates. This approach, applied to 2 real spill incidents, indicated hazard estimates above expected environmental concentrations (acrylonitrile), and suggested that environmental concentrations likely exceeded short-exposure hazard estimates (furfural). Although estimates generated through this approach were likely overprotective, these were derived from environmentally realistic exposure durations, providing risk-assessors with a tool to manage field decisions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1918-1927. (c) 2013 SETAC C1 [Bejarano, Adriana C.] Res Planning, Columbia, SC USA. [Farr, James K.] NOAA, Seattle, WA USA. RP Bejarano, AC (reprint author), Res Planning, Columbia, SC USA. EM abejarano@researchplanning.com NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1918 EP 1927 DI 10.1002/etc.2255 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 179VI UT WOS:000321549200030 PM 23625642 ER PT J AU Reyes-Tomassini, J AF Reyes-Tomassini, Jose TI GnRH isoforms expression in relation to the gonadal cycle and to dominance rank in the Gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE GnRH; Gilthead seabream; Hermaphrodite; Sex change; Dominance hierarchies ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; SEX-CHANGE; SOCIAL-CONTROL; CICHLID FISH; 3 FORMS; BEHAVIOR; DIFFERENTIATION; REPRODUCTION; PLASTICITY; EVOLUTION AB The manner in which behavior influences the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) axis in hermaphroditic fishes is not understood. The Gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, is a protandrous hermaphrodite with a complex gonadal cycle consisting of a quiescent, pre-spawning, spawning, and post-spawning stage. On two separate experiments, I used real-time quantitative PCR to measure the mRNA expression of three GnRH isoforms in homogenized seabream whole-brain extracts. In the first experiment, I measured the levels of GnRH-1, GnRH-2, and GnRH-3 mRNA throughout the gonad cycle. All three GnRH mRNAs increase around the peak of the spawning season (December). GnRH-3 mRNA expression is also elevated in August, which coincides with the beginning of gonad differentiation. All three GnRH mRNAs have the lowest expression levels in the month of September. There was no difference between males and females in the expression levels of any of the three GnRH mRNA. In the second experiment, I measured individual dominance ranks in six groups of fish, three during quiescence and three during spawning. GnRH-1 mRNA expression was positively correlated with dominance rank only during the quiescent period. The more dominant fish tended to have higher GnRH-1 mRNA expression. The existence of a quiescent-only correlation between GnRH-1 mRNA and dominance rank suggests a mechanism by which activation of gonad maturation could occur first in the most dominant ambisexual fish. C1 NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Reyes-Tomassini, J (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM jose.reyestomassini@noaa.gov FU NOAA-Educational Partnership Program (EPP); NOA-EPP FX The present work was supported by the NOAA-Educational Partnership Program (EPP)-funded Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center and the NOA-EPP funded Graduate Science Program. Thanks to Dr. Yonathan Zohar, Dr. Rose M. Jagus, and Dr. Frank Hanson for their guidance. Dr. Ten-Tsao Wong provided the GnRH standards, the gonad histology for experiment 1, and technical assistance for the molecular assays in experiment 1. I am also thankful to Steven Rodgers, Eric Evans, Chris Tollini, and John Stubblefield for their technical assistance. Thanks to Dr. Barry Berejikian for assisting with the preparation of this manuscript. NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 39 IS 4 BP 993 EP 1005 DI 10.1007/s10695-012-9757-3 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 178HQ UT WOS:000321437800022 PM 23248050 ER PT J AU Moser, ML Jackson, AD Tsuzaki, T Kemp, PS AF Moser, M. L. Jackson, A. D. Tsuzaki, T. Kemp, P. S. TI Do surgically implanted radio transmitters alter the climbing ability of adult Pacific lamprey, Lampetra tridentata? SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; SPAWNING MIGRATION; RIVER; BEHAVIOR; DAMS C1 [Moser, M. L.; Jackson, A. D.; Tsuzaki, T.; Kemp, P. S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Moser, ML (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM mary.moser@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 20 IS 4 BP 374 EP 376 DI 10.1111/fme.12020 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 180TP UT WOS:000321620700009 ER PT J AU Metzger, DC Luckenbach, JA Dickey, JT Beckman, BR AF Metzger, David C. Luckenbach, J. Adam Dickey, Jon T. Beckman, Brian R. TI Development of a multiplex gene expression assay for components of the endocrine growth axis in coho salmon SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Quantigene plex; IGF; IGFBP; GHR; Salmon ID BRANCHED DNA ASSAY; FACTOR 1 IGF1; MESSENGER-RNA; RT-PCR; INSULIN; FISH; HORMONE; RECEPTOR; SOMATOLACTIN; HEPATOCYTES AB This study explores the efficacy of the Quantigene plex (QGP) technology for measuring a panel of endocrine growth-related transcripts in coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch. The QGP technology permits the simultaneous quantification of multiple targeted mRNAs within a single tissue homogenate using sequence-specific probes and requires no reverse transcription (RT) or amplification as is required for RT-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Using liver homogenates from coho salmon under fed and fasted conditions, we compared the detectable fold differences of steady-state mRNA levels between the QGP and probe-based RT-qPCR assays for insulin-like growth factors (igf1 and igf2), insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (igfbp1b, igfbp2a, and igfbp2b), somatolactin receptor (sir), and growth hormone receptors (ghr1 and ghr2). Significant, positive correlations for all genes between the two assays were found. In addition, the relatively low variance of results from the QGP assay suggests that this is a suitable method for a comprehensive analysis of endocrine growth-related transcripts and could potentially be used to develop assays for other gene networks in teleosts. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Metzger, David C.; Luckenbach, J. Adam; Dickey, Jon T.; Beckman, Brian R.] NOAA, Environm Physiol Program, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Metzger, David C.; Dickey, Jon T.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Beckman, BR (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Physiol Program, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. EM Brian.Beckman@noaa.gov FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA FX The authors would like to thank Penny Swanson and Linda Park for initiating this work, Linda Park for providing access to Luminex equipment, Rajesh Chavli and Yinting Chu of Panomics/Affymetrix for their assistance with developing the QGP assay, Brad Gadberry and Paul Parkins for fish husbandry during this study, Dr. Munetaka Shimizu for collaborating on the experiment that generated samples for these analyses, and the internal grants program of the Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA for providing financial support. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 189 BP 134 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.04.022 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 175LF UT WOS:000321231500018 PM 23665103 ER PT J AU Olson, W Emmenegger, E Glenn, J Winton, J Goetz, F AF Olson, W. Emmenegger, E. Glenn, J. Winton, J. Goetz, F. TI Comparative susceptibility among three stocks of yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill), to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus strain IVb from the Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE plaque assay; qRT-PCR; viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus; yellow perch ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; REAL-TIME PCR; ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; RAPID DETECTION; MARINE FISH; FEVER VIRUS; NORTH-SEA; RT-PCR; RESISTANCE AB The Great Lakes strain of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus IVb (VHSV-IVb) is capable of infecting a wide number of naive species and has been associated with large fish kills in the Midwestern United States since its discovery in 2005. The yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill), a freshwater species commonly found throughout inland waters of the United States and prized for its high value in sport and commercial fisheries, is a species documented in several fish kills affiliated with VHS. In the present study, differences in survival after infection with VHSV IVb were observed among juvenile fish from three yellow perch broodstocks that were originally derived from distinct wild populations, suggesting innate differences in susceptibility due to genetic variance. While all three stocks were susceptible upon waterborne exposure to VHS virus infection, fish derived from the Midwest (Lake Winnebago, WI) showed significantly lower cumulative % survival compared with two perch stocks derived from the East Coast (Perquimans River, NC and Choptank River, MD) of the United States. However, despite differences in apparent susceptibility, clinical signs did not vary between stocks and included moderate-to-severe haemorrhages at the pelvic and pectoral fin bases and exophthalmia. After the 28-day challenge was complete, VHS virus was analysed in subsets of whole fish that had either survived or succumbed to the infection using both plaque assay and quantitative PCR methodologies. A direct correlation was identified between the two methods, suggesting the potential for both methods to be used to detect virus in a research setting. C1 [Olson, W.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Freshwater Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Emmenegger, E.; Winton, J.] USGS, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Glenn, J.] Seattle Biomed Res Inst, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Goetz, F.] NOAA, Manchester Res Stn, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. RP Goetz, F (reprint author), NOAA, Manchester Res Stn, 7305 E Beach Dr, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. EM rick.goetz@NOAA.gov FU University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute under grants from the National Sea Grant College Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Department of Commerce [NA06OAR4170011, NA10OAR4170070]; ARS/USDA CRIS [58-3655-9-748, 3655-31320-002-00D]; [R/AQ-44]; [R/AQ-41] FX This work was funded in part by the University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute under grants from the National Sea Grant College Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, federal grant numbers NA06OAR4170011 and NA10OAR4170070, project numbers R/AQ-44 and R/AQ-41. This work was also supported, in part, by a Specific Cooperative Agreement (#58-3655-9-748) under ARS/USDA CRIS #3655-31320-002-00D. The views contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government. Mention of trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. This manuscript is submitted for publication with the understanding that the United States Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes. The authors greatly acknowledge the assistance of Doug Immerman, Jacob Bill, Ben Wiedenman and Erin Weber in rearing perch for the study. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 36 IS 8 BP 711 EP 719 DI 10.1111/jfd.12068 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 179JX UT WOS:000321517700004 PM 23305522 ER PT J AU Weiss, J Snyder, K Bullard, J Bentz, D AF Weiss, Jason Snyder, Ken Bullard, Jeff Bentz, Dale TI Using a Saturation Function to Interpret the Electrical Properties of Partially Saturated Concrete SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Cement; Concrete; Electrical conductivity; Electrical resistivity; Material properties; Cement; Concrete; Conductivity; Electrical; Partial saturation; Resistivity; Wenner; Service life; Transport ID CHLORIDE PERMEABILITY TEST; CEMENT-BASED MATERIALS; IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; RESISTIVITY; CONDUCTIVITY; PASTE; MICROSTRUCTURE; WATER; MODEL AB Electrical properties are frequently measured in the concrete construction industry as a part of mixture qualification and quality-control testing. Whereas there are several factors that influence the electrical response of concrete, one of the most important factors is its degree of saturation. Although current standard tests rely on the concrete's being saturated, this can be difficult to accomplish, is time-consuming, and can artificially increase the degree of hydration of the test sample in comparison with that of concrete in field structures (when the test samples are stored in water). Although some studies have measured the electrical response of concrete for samples with different moisture content (i.e.,stored at different relative humidities), a single expression has not been proposed that predicts how drying changes the electrical response. This paper suggests that a saturation function should be considered as a possible method to account and to correct for less than complete saturation in concrete. This function would provide one term that accounts for changes in pore fluid volume, pore solution concentration, and pore fluid connectivity. Although preliminary, this approach has several potential benefits: (1)it could enable testing of partially saturated concrete, thus saving time; (2)it could be used to predict properties under different exposure conditions; (3)it may facilitate more comprehensive service-life models; and (4)it may enable a wider use of embedded sensor technology. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Weiss, Jason] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Snyder, Ken; Bullard, Jeff; Bentz, Dale] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Weiss, J (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM wjweiss@purdue.edu OI Weiss, William/0000-0003-2859-7980 FU Joint Transportation Research Program FX This first author is grateful for support from the Joint Transportation Research Program administered by the Indiana Department of Transportation and Purdue University. The contents of this paper reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented in this paper, and do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the Indiana Department of Transportation, nor do the contents constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. NR 56 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 15 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0899-1561 J9 J MATER CIVIL ENG JI J. Mater. Civ. Eng. PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1097 EP 1106 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000549 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 180SH UT WOS:000321616100017 ER PT J AU Lehnert, H Stone, RP Heimler, W AF Lehnert, Helmut Stone, Robert P. Heimler, Wolfgang TI Histodermella kagigunensis sp nov from the Gulf of Alaska and Aleutian Islands; first records of the genus from the North Pacific SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article DE new species; Demospongiae; Coelosphaeridae; Histodermella; North Pacific; Gulf of Alaska; Aleutian Islands AB The genus Histodermella grows to four species with the addition of H. kagigunensis sp. nov. from the North Pacific. The new species is described and compared with all congeners. Histodermella kagigunensis shows affinities to H. ingolfi Lundbeck 1910 as it has the same spicule types but differs clearly in size, habitus and the dimensions of two occurring spicule types. The discovery of H. kagigunensis represents the first record of the genus Histodermella in the North Pacific Ocean. C1 [Stone, Robert P.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Heimler, Wolfgang] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Entwicklungsbiol, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. RP Lehnert, H (reprint author), Eichenstr 14, D-86507 Oberottmarshausen, Germany. EM Lehnert@spongetaxonomics.de FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center of NOAA/NMFS FX We thank Roger N. Clark and Patrick Malecha for collecting the specimens and William Austin for providing a first identification. H.L. was supported by a contract from the Alaska Fisheries Science Center of NOAA/NMFS. We thank the Institut fur Prozessmaschinen und Anlagentechnik (IPAT), Universitat Erlangen for providing access to a scanning electron microscope. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 93 IS 5 BP 1245 EP 1248 DI 10.1017/S0025315412001063 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 179HI UT WOS:000321510200009 ER PT J AU Vergara, A Fonollosa, J Mahiques, J Trincavelli, M Rulkov, N Huerta, R AF Vergara, Alexander Fonollosa, Jordi Mahiques, Jonas Trincavelli, Marco Rulkov, Nikolai Huerta, Ramon TI On the performance of gas sensor arrays in open sampling systems using Inhibitory Support Vector Machines SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE Metal-oxide sensors; Support Vector Machines; System calibration; Open sampling system; Sensor array; Electronic nose ID CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS; ELECTRONIC-NOSE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CLASSIFICATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; LOCALIZATION; OPTIMIZATION; OLFACTION; DETECTOR; QUALITY AB Chemo-resistive transduction presents practical advantages for capturing the spatio-temporal and structural organization of chemical compounds dispersed in different human habitats. In an open sampling system, however, where the chemo-sensory elements are directly exposed to the environment being monitored, the identification and monitoring of chemical substances present a more difficult challenge due to the dispersion mechanisms of gaseous chemical analytes, namely diffusion, turbulence, and advection. The success of such actively changeable practice is influenced by the adequate implementation of algorithmically driven formalisms combined with the appropriate design of experimental protocols. On the basis of this functional joint-formulation, in this study we examine an innovative methodology based on the inhibitory processing mechanisms encountered in the structural assembly of the insect's brain, namely Inhibitory Support Vector Machine (ISVM) applied to training a sensor array platform and evaluate its capabilities relevant to odor detection and identification under complex environmental conditions. We generated - and made publicly available - an extensive and unique dataset with a chemical detection platform consisting of 72 conductometric metal-oxide based chemical sensors in a custom-designed wind tunnel test-bed facility to test our methodology. Our findings suggest that the aforementioned methodology can be a valuable tool to guide the decision of choosing the training conditions for a cost-efficient system calibration as well as an important step toward the understanding of the degradation level of the sensory system when the environmental conditions change. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Vergara, Alexander; Fonollosa, Jordi; Mahiques, Jonas; Rulkov, Nikolai; Huerta, Ramon] Univ Calif San Diego, BioCircuits Inst, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Trincavelli, Marco] Ctr Appl Autonomous Sensor Syst, Mobile Robot & Olfact Lab, Orebro, Sweden. RP Vergara, A (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vergara@ucsd.edu; fonollosa@ucsd.edu RI Trincavelli, Marco/L-6380-2013; Huerta, Ramon/J-4316-2012; Rulkov, Nikolai/S-3447-2016; Fonollosa, Jordi/L-2303-2014 OI Trincavelli, Marco/0000-0003-0195-2102; Huerta, Ramon/0000-0003-3925-5169; Fonollosa, Jordi/0000-0001-8854-8588 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-07-1-0741]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory [2012-1455933]; US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command [W81XWH-10-C-0040]; Elintrix FX This work has been supported by U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) under the contract number N00014-07-1-0741, by Jet Propulsion Laboratory under the contract number 2012-1455933, and by the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command under contract number W81XWH-10-C-0040 in collaboration with Elintrix. The views, opinions and/or findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official Department of the Army position, policy or decision unless so designated by other documentation. The authors also thank Joanna Zytkowicz for proofreading and revising the manuscript. NR 46 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 240 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 185 BP 462 EP 477 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2013.05.027 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 179HD UT WOS:000321509600064 ER PT J AU Duncan, C Savage, K Williams, M Dickerson, B Kondas, AV Fitzpatrick, KA Guerrero, JL Spraker, T Kersh, GJ AF Duncan, C. Savage, K. Williams, M. Dickerson, B. Kondas, A. V. Fitzpatrick, K. A. Guerrero, J. L. Spraker, T. Kersh, G. J. TI Multiple Strains of Coxiella burnetii are Present in the Environment of St. Paul Island, Alaska SO TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Coxiella burnetii; environment; Alaska; marine mammals ID SEAL CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; Q-FEVER; INFECTION; DNA AB In 2010, Coxiella burnetii was identified at a high prevalence in the placentas of Northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) collected at a single rookery on St. Paul Island Alaska; an area of the United States where the agent was not known to be present. As contamination was hypothesized as a potential cause of false positives, but nothing was known about environmental C.burnetii in the region, an environmental survey was conducted to look for the prevalence and distribution of the organism on the island. While environmental prevalence was low, two strains of the organism were identified using PCR targeting the COM1 and IS1111 genes. The two strains are consistent with the organism that has been increasingly identified in marine mammals as well as a strain type more commonly found in terrestrial environments and associated with disease in humans and terrestrial animals. Further work is needed to elucidate information regarding the ecology of this organism in this region, particularly in association with the coastal environment. C1 [Duncan, C.; Spraker, T.] Colorado State Univ, Vet Diagnost Lab, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Savage, K.; Williams, M.; Guerrero, J. L.] Alaska Reg Off, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK USA. [Savage, K.; Williams, M.; Guerrero, J. L.] Alaska Reg Off, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Dickerson, B.] Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Kondas, A. V.; Fitzpatrick, K. A.; Kersh, G. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Duncan, C (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Vet Diagnost Lab, 300 West Drake, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM colleen.duncan@colostate.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) FX Sincere thanks to individuals who helped collect placental and environmental samples for use in this study: Dr. Wendi Roe, Sophie Peirszalowski, Kirsten Dullen and Dustin Carl. All tissue samples were collected under authority of U.S. Marine Mammal Permit No. 782-1708 issued to the National Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle. A. V. K. was supported by an appointment to the Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) Fellowship program administered by the Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) and funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the CDC or the Department of Health and Human Services. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1865-1674 J9 TRANSBOUND EMERG DIS JI Transbound. Emerg. Dis. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 60 IS 4 BP 345 EP 350 DI 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2012.01353.x PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 178KT UT WOS:000321447500007 PM 22747976 ER PT J AU Bielefeldt, AR Stewart, MW Mansfield, E Summers, RS Ryan, JN AF Bielefeldt, Angela R. Stewart, Michael W. Mansfield, Elisabeth Summers, R. Scott Ryan, Joseph N. TI Effects of chlorine and other water quality parameters on the release of silver nanoparticles from a ceramic surface SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Silver release; Quartz crystal microbalance; pH; Ionic strength; Chlorine; Ceramic water filter ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; DISSOLUTION; KINETICS AB A quartz crystal microbalance was used to determine the effects of different water quality parameters on the detachment of silver nanoparticles from surfaces representative of ceramic pot filters (CPFs). Silver nanoparticles stabilized with casein were used in the experiments. The average hydrodynamic diameter of the nanoparticles ranged from 20 nm to 100 nm over a pH range of 6.5-10.5. The isoelectric point was about 3.5 and the zeta potential was -45 mV from pH 4.5 to 9.5. The silver nanoparticles were deposited onto silica surfaces and a quartz crystal microbalance was used to monitor silver release from the surface. At environmentally relevant ranges of pH (4.8-9.3), ionic strength (0 and 150 mol/m(3) NaNO3 or 150 mol/m(3) Ca(NO3)(2)), and turbidity (0 and 51.5 NTU kaolin clay), the rates of silver release were similar. A high concentration of sodium chloride and bacteria (Escherichia coli in 10% tryptic soy broth) caused rapid silver release. Water containing sodium hypochlorite removed 85% of the silver from the silica surface within 3 h. The results suggest that contact between CPFs and prechlorinated water or bleach CPF cleaning should be avoided. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stewart, Michael W.; Mansfield, Elisabeth] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bielefeldt, Angela R.; Stewart, Michael W.; Summers, R. Scott; Ryan, Joseph N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bielefeldt, AR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, 428 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM angela.bielefeldt@colorado.edu; elisabeth.mansfield@nist.gov OI BIELEFELDT, ANGELA/0000-0002-7846-9699 FU Professional Research Experience Program (PREP) through the Materials Reliability Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder FX Michael Stewart was supported by the Professional Research Experience Program (PREP) through the Materials Reliability Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 12 SI SI BP 4032 EP 4039 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2013.01.058 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 173MQ UT WOS:000321084000018 PM 23582350 ER PT J AU Donovan, MK Friedlander, AM DeMartini, EE Donahue, MJ Williams, ID AF Donovan, Mary K. Friedlander, Alan M. DeMartini, Edward E. Donahue, Megan J. Williams, Ivor D. TI Demographic patterns in the peacock grouper (Cephalopholis argus), an introduced Hawaiian reef fish SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Growth rate; Coral reef fish; Cephalopholis argus; Grouper; Invasive; Marine introduction ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; CORAL-REEF; LIFE-HISTORY; SPATIAL SCALES; WAVE EXPOSURE; GROWTH; POPULATIONS; ECOLOGY; HABITAT; MODEL AB This study took advantage of a unique opportunity to collect large sample sizes of a coral reef fish species across a range of physical and biological features of the Hawaiian Archipelago to investigate variability in the demography of an invasive predatory coral reef fish, Cephalopholis argus (Family: Epinephelidae). Age-based demographic analyses were conducted at 10 locations in the main Hawaiian Islands and estimates of weight-at-length, size-at-age, and longevity were compared among locations. Each metric differed among locations, although patterns were not consistent across metrics. Length-weight relationships for C. argus differed among locations and individuals weighed less at a given length at Hilo, the southernmost location studied. Longevity differed among and within islands and was greater at locations on Maui and Hawaii compared to the more northern locations on Oahu and Kauai. Within-island growth patterns differed at Kauai, Oahu, and Hawaii. This work provides a case study of fundamental life history information from distant and/or spatially limited locations that are critical for developing robust fishery models. The differences observed both among and within islands indicate that variability may be driven by cross-scale mechanisms that need to be considered in fisheries stock assessments and ecosystem-based management. C1 [Donovan, Mary K.; Williams, Ivor D.] NOAA, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Friedlander, Alan M.] US Geol Survey, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Friedlander, Alan M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [DeMartini, Edward E.] NOAA Fisheries, Fisheries Res & Monitoring Div, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Donahue, Megan J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. RP Donovan, MK (reprint author), NOAA, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM donovan.maryk@gmail.com OI Donahue, Megan/0000-0002-7529-001X FU National Science Foundation [OCE08-52301, OCE11-29199]; NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program; Hawaii Cooperative Fisheries Research Unit FX This project was made possible by the many fishers throughout Hawaii who have caught roi over the years. Funding was provided by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program and the Hawaii Cooperative Fisheries Research Unit. We thank B. Wolfe, V. Scarborough, S. Ciarcia, N. Torkelson, E. Richards, T. Wooton, B. Roehl, H. Koike, P. Usseglio, K. Stamoulis, E. Schemmel, I. Iglesias, and H. Holt who assisted with data collection. Chad Wiggens, J. Giddens and M. Ramsey were instrumental in forming collaborations and obtaining samples. This project was in collaboration with P. Bienfang and S. Defelice of the Pacific Research Center for Marine Biomedicine who were funded by National Science Foundation grants OCE08-52301 and OCE11-29199. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD AUG PY 2013 VL 96 IS 8 BP 981 EP 994 DI 10.1007/s10641-012-0095-1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 169ZJ UT WOS:000320819000008 ER PT J AU Arita, S Pan, ML Hospital, J Leung, P AF Arita, Shawn Pan, Minling Hospital, Justin Leung, PingSun TI The distributive economic impacts of Hawaii's commercial fishery: A SAM analysis SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Social Accounting Matrix; Income distribution analysis; Hawaii fishery ID LINKAGE AB Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) models include a comprehensive accounting of regional income and institutional factors, and are intended to be capable of assessing distributional analysis. However, in practice, studies generally construct models that are not appropriately designed to capture income linkages. In this study, we demonstrate the use of SAM modeling to assess the income distribution linkages of Hawaii's commercial fishery sector. We identify the distributional characteristics of the economic impact from the fishery industry by mapping industry labor inputs to a state level occupational matrix prior to the linking of household accounts. The distributional analysis of the SAM indicates that Hawaii's longline sectors impact middle income groups most significantly with modest linkages to lower income groups. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Arita, Shawn; Leung, PingSun] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Arita, Shawn] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Econ, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Pan, Minling; Hospital, Justin] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP Arita, S (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, 3050 Maile Way,Gilmore Hall 109, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM aritas@hawaii.edu; minling.pan@noaa.gov; Justin.Hospital@noaa.gov; psleung@hawaii.edu FU Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) of the University of Hawaii [NA17RJ1230]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA17RJ1230] FX This study was funded by Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1230 between the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) of the University of Hawaii and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subdivisions. Constructive comments and suggestions from two anonymous journal reviewers are very much appreciated. The authors are responsible for any remaining errors in the article. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 145 BP 82 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.02.005 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 152SA UT WOS:000319550200010 ER PT J AU Kogan, F Kussul, N Adamenko, T Skakun, S Kravchenko, O Kryvobok, O Shelestov, A Kolotii, A Kussul, O Lavrenyuk, A AF Kogan, Felix Kussul, Nataliia Adamenko, Tatiana Skakun, Sergii Kravchenko, Oleksii Kryvobok, Oleksii Shelestov, Andrii Kolotii, Andrii Kussul, Olga Lavrenyuk, Alla TI Winter wheat yield forecasting in Ukraine based on Earth observation, meteorological data and biophysical models SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Agriculture; Yield; Wheat; Ukraine ID REMOTE-SENSING DATA; VEGETATION HEALTH INDEXES; CROP GROWTH; LEAST-SQUARES; CORN YIELD; MODIS DATA; SATELLITE; INFORMATION; PRODUCTIVITY; ASSIMILATION AB Ukraine is one of the most developed agriculture countries and one of the biggest crop producers in the world. Timely and accurate crop yield forecasts for Ukraine at regional level become a key element in providing support to policy makers in food security. In this paper, feasibility and relative efficiency of using moderate resolution satellite data to winter wheat forecasting in Ukraine at oblast level is assessed. Oblast is a sub-national administrative unit that corresponds to the NUTS2 level of the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) of the European Union. NDVI values were derived from the MODIS sensor at the 250 m spatial resolution. For each oblast NDVI values were averaged for a cropland map (Rainfed croplands class) derived from the ESA GlobCover map, and were used as predictors in the regression models. Using a leave-one-out cross-validation procedure, the best time for making reliable yield forecasts in terms of root mean square error was identified. For most oblasts, NDVI values taken in April-May provided the minimum RMSE value when comparing to the official statistics, thus enabling forecasts 2-3 months prior to harvest. The NDVI-based approach was compared to the following approaches: empirical model based on meteorological observations (with forecasts in April-May that provide minimum RMSE value) and WOFOST crop growth simulation model implemented in the CGMS system (with forecasts in June that provide minimum RMSE value). All three approaches were run to produce winter wheat yield forecasts for independent datasets for 2010 and 2011, i.e. on data that were not used within model calibration process. The most accurate predictions for 2010 were achieved using the CGMS system with the RMSE value of 0.3 t ha(-1) in June and 0.4 t ha(-1) in April, while performance of three approaches for 2011 was almost the same (0.5-0.6 t ha(-1) in April). Both NDVI-based approach and CGMS system over-estimated winter wheat yield comparing to official statistics in 2010, and underestimated it in 2011. Therefore, we can conclude that performance of empirical NDVI-based regression model was similar to meteorological and CGMS models when producing winter wheat yield forecasts at oblast level in Ukraine 2-3 months prior to harvest, while providing minimum requirements to input datasets. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kogan, Felix] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Kussul, Nataliia; Skakun, Sergii; Kravchenko, Oleksii; Shelestov, Andrii; Kolotii, Andrii] Space Res Inst NASU NSAU, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. [Adamenko, Tatiana] Ukrainian Hydrometeorol Ctr, UA-01034 Kiev, Ukraine. [Kryvobok, Oleksii] Ukrainian Hydrometeorol Inst, UA-03650 Kiev, Ukraine. [Shelestov, Andrii] Natl Univ Life & Environm Sci Ukraine, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. [Kussul, Nataliia; Skakun, Sergii; Shelestov, Andrii; Kolotii, Andrii; Kussul, Olga; Lavrenyuk, Alla] Natl Tech Univ Ukraine, Kyiv Polytech Inst, UA-03056 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Kussul, N (reprint author), Space Res Inst NASU NSAU, Glushkov Ave,40,Build 4-1, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. EM Felix.Kogan@noaa.gov; inform@ikd.kiev.ua; adamenko@meteo.gov.ua; kryvobok@uhmi.org.ua; andrii.shelestov@gmail.com; olgakussul@gmail.com; alla.lavrenyuk@gmail.com RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Kussul, Nataliia/N-8649-2014; Shelestov, Andrii/N-9053-2014; Kolotii, Andrii/D-8635-2015; Skakun, Sergii/E-2769-2012 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Kussul, Nataliia/0000-0002-9704-9702; Shelestov, Andrii/0000-0001-9256-4097; Kolotii, Andrii/0000-0002-6972-4483; Skakun, Sergii/0000-0002-9039-0174 FU U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation (CRDF) [UKB2-2972-KV-09] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation (CRDF) Grant "Analysis of climate change & food security based on remote sensing & in situ data sets" (no. UKB2-2972-KV-09). NR 43 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 94 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0303-2434 J9 INT J APPL EARTH OBS JI Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 23 BP 192 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.jag.2013.01.002 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 120GW UT WOS:000317159800017 ER PT J AU Heideman, CL Tepfer, S Lin, QY Rostek, R Zschack, P Anderson, MD Anderson, IM Johnson, DC AF Heideman, Colby L. Tepfer, Sara Lin, Qiyin Rostek, Raimar Zschack, Paul Anderson, Michael D. Anderson, Ian M. Johnson, David C. TI Designed Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of a Family of Ferecrystalline Compounds [(PbSe)(1.00)](m)(MoSe2)(n) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MISFIT LAYER COMPOUND; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SULFIDE; STATE; MICROANALYSIS; SYSTEM; FILMS AB The targeted synthesis of multiple compounds with specific controlled nanostructures and identical composition is a grand challenge in materials chemistry. We report the synthesis of the new metastable compounds [(PbSe)(1.00)](m)(MoSe2)(n) using precursors each designed to self-assemble into a specific compound. To form a compound with specific values for m and n, the number of atoms within each deposited elemental layer was carefully controlled to provide the correct absolute number of atoms to form complete layers of each component structural unit. On low-temperature annealing, these structures self-assemble with a specific crystallographic orientation between the component structural units with atomically abrupt interfaces. There is rotational disorder between the component structural units and between MoSe2 basal plane units within the MoSe2 layers themselves. The lead selenide constituent has a distorted rock salt structure exactly m bilayers thick leading to peaks in the off-axis diffraction pattern as a result of the finite size of and rotational disorder between the crystallites. The in-plane lattice parameters of the PbSe and MoSe2 components are independent of the value of m and n, suggesting little or no strain caused by the interface between them. These compounds are small band gap semiconductors with carrier properties dominated by defects and exhibit extremely low thermal conductivity as a result of the rotational disorder. The thermal conductivity can be tuned by varying the ratio of the number of ordered PbSe rock salt layers relative to the number of rotationally disordered MoSe2 layers. This approach, based on controlling the local composition of the precursor and low temperature to limit diffusion rates, provides a general route to the synthesis of new compounds containing alternating layers of constituents with designed nanoarchitecture. C1 [Heideman, Colby L.] Eastern Oregon Univ, Dept Chem, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Tepfer, Sara; Rostek, Raimar; Anderson, Michael D.; Johnson, David C.] Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Lin, Qiyin] Univ Calif Irvine, Calif Inst Telecommun & Informat Technol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Zschack, Paul] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Anderson, Michael D.; Anderson, Ian M.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Johnson, DC (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM davej@uoregon.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR 0907049, MRI 0923577]; National Science Foundation through CCI [CHE-1102637]; University of Oregon's National Science Foundation IGERT Fellowship Program [DGE-0549503]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors thank C. Chintescu and D. G. Cahill for thermal conductivity measurements and Jenia Karapetrova for assistance in synchrotron XRD data collection. The authors acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation under grant DMR 0907049 and MRI 0923577. D.C.J. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation through CCI grant no. CHE-1102637 and C.L.H. and M.D.A. acknowledge support from the University of Oregon's National Science Foundation IGERT Fellowship Program under grant no. DGE-0549503. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 33 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 31 PY 2013 VL 135 IS 30 BP 11055 EP 11062 DI 10.1021/ja402819q PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 196DF UT WOS:000322752900037 PM 23819532 ER PT J AU Medford, J Beil, J Taylor, JM Rashba, EI Lu, H Gossard, AC Marcus, CM AF Medford, J. Beil, J. Taylor, J. M. Rashba, E. I. Lu, H. Gossard, A. C. Marcus, C. M. TI Quantum-Dot-Based Resonant Exchange Qubit SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATION; SPINS AB We introduce a solid-state qubit in which exchange interactions among confined electrons provide both the static longitudinal field and the oscillatory transverse field, allowing rapid and full qubit control via rf gate-voltage pulses. We demonstrate two-axis control at a detuning sweet spot, where leakage due to hyperfine coupling is suppressed by the large exchange gap. A pi/2-gate time of 2.5 ns and a coherence time of 19 mu s, using multipulse echo, are also demonstrated. Model calculations that include effects of hyperfine noise are in excellent quantitative agreement with experiment. C1 [Medford, J.; Rashba, E. I.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Beil, J.; Marcus, C. M.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Ctr Quantum Devices, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Taylor, J. M.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lu, H.; Gossard, A. C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Medford, J (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; Marcus, Charles/M-4526-2014; LU, Hong/D-3658-2013 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; Marcus, Charles/0000-0003-2420-4692; LU, Hong/0000-0002-8340-2739 FU Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), through the Army Research Office Grant [W911NF-12-1-0354]; National Science Foundation Materials World Network Program; Villum Foundation; Danish National Research Foundation; NSF Physics Frontier Center at the JQI; Harvard University; DARPA MTO FX Research was supported in part by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), through the Army Research Office Grant No. W911NF-12-1-0354. We also acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation Materials World Network Program, Harvard University, the Villum Foundation, the Danish National Research Foundation, DARPA MTO, and the NSF Physics Frontier Center at the JQI. We thank Maja Cassidy, Oliver Dial, David DiVincenzo, Andrew Doherty, Mark Gyure, Bert Halperin, Ferdinand Kuemmeth, Thaddeus Ladd, and Arijeet Pal for useful discussions. NR 26 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 31 PY 2013 VL 111 IS 5 AR 050501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.050501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 195UG UT WOS:000322728500002 PM 23952375 ER PT J AU Taylor, JM Srinivasa, V Medford, J AF Taylor, J. M. Srinivasa, V. Medford, J. TI Electrically Protected Resonant Exchange Qubits in Triple Quantum Dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN; ELECTRODYNAMICS; COMPUTATION AB We present a modulated microwave approach for quantum computing with qubits comprising three spins in a triple quantum dot. This approach includes single- and two-qubit gates that are protected against low-frequency electrical noise, due to an operating point with a narrowband response to high frequency electric fields. Furthermore, existing double quantum dot advances, including robust preparation and measurement via spin-to-charge conversion, are immediately applicable to the new qubit. Finally, the electric dipole terms implicit in the high frequency coupling enable strong coupling with superconducting microwave resonators, leading to more robust two-qubit gates. C1 [Taylor, J. M.; Srinivasa, V.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Medford, J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Taylor, JM (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jacob.taylor@nist.gov RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594 FU DARPA MTO; NSF FX The authors acknowledge helpful discussions with C. M. Marcus, D. DiVincenzo, T. Ladd, M. Gyure, D. Lidar, D. Loss, A. Yacoby, J. Beil, and E. Rashba. This work was supported by DARPA MTO and by the NSF funded Physics Frontier Center at the JQI. NR 43 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 31 PY 2013 VL 111 IS 5 AR 050502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.050502 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 195UG UT WOS:000322728500003 PM 23952376 ER PT J AU Richerme, P Senko, C Smith, J Lee, A Korenblit, S Monroe, C AF Richerme, P. Senko, C. Smith, J. Lee, A. Korenblit, S. Monroe, C. TI Experimental performance of a quantum simulator: Optimizing adiabatic evolution and identifying many-body ground states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED IONS; SYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; PHYSICS; MODELS AB We use local adiabatic evolution to experimentally create and determine the ground-state spin ordering of a fully connected Ising model with up to 14 spins. Local adiabatic evolution-in which the system evolution rate is a function of the instantaneous energy gap-is found to maximize the ground-state probability compared with other adiabatic methods while requiring knowledge only of the lowest similar to N of the 2(N) Hamiltonian eigenvalues. We also demonstrate that the ground-state ordering can be experimentally identified as the most probable of all possible spin configurations, even when the evolution is highly nonadiabatic. C1 [Richerme, P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Richerme, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011 FU US Army Research Office (ARO) [W911NF0710576]; DARPA Optical Lattice Emulator Program; IARPA MQCO Program [W911NF0410234]; NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI FX We thank Jim Freericks for helpful discussions. This work is supported by the US Army Research Office (ARO) Award No. W911NF0710576 with funds from the DARPA Optical Lattice Emulator Program, ARO Award No. W911NF0410234 with funds from the IARPA MQCO Program, and the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI. NR 49 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 31 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 1 AR 012334 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.88.012334 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 195AV UT WOS:000322674700003 ER PT J AU Trego, ML Kellar, NM Danil, K AF Trego, Marisa L. Kellar, Nicholas M. Danil, Kerri TI Validation of Blubber Progesterone Concentrations for Pregnancy Determination in Three Dolphin Species and a Porpoise SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WHALES BALAENOPTERA-ACUTOROSTRATA; REPRODUCTIVE STATUS; SERUM PROGESTERONE; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; STEROID-HORMONES AB Recent studies have validated the use of biopsies as a minimally invasive way to identify pregnant females in several species of wild cetaceans: Balaenaptera acutorostrata, Delphinus delphis, Lissodelphis borealis, and Lagenorhynchus obliquidens. These studies found that progesterone (P4) concentrations quantified from blubber attached to biopsy samples is diagnostic of pregnancy. Here we examine a broader group of cetacean species in efforts to investigate how progesterone levels vary between species with respect to pregnancy status. We compared P4 concentrations in blubber collected from fishery bycatch and beach-stranded specimens for 40 females of known reproductive condition from Delphinus capensis (n = 18), Stenella attenuata (n = 8), S. longirostris (n = 6), and Phocoenoides dalli (n = 8). The P4 concentrations were different (t = -7.1, p = 1.79E-08) between pregnant and non-regnant animals in all species, with the mean blubber P4 concentration for pregnant animals 164 times higher than that of non-pregnant animals. There was no overlap in concentration levels between sexually immature or non-regnant sexually mature animals and pregnant animals. No significant differences (F = 0.354, p = 0.559) were found between mature non-pregnant and immature D. capensis and P dalli, suggesting P4 level is not indicative of maturity state in female delphinoids. P4 concentrations in relation to reproductive state were remarkably similar across species. All samples were analyzed with two different enzyme immunoassay kits to gauge assay sensitivity to measure progesterone in small samples, such as biopsies. With the technique now validated for these cetacean species, blubber P4 is a reliable diagnostic of pregnancies across multiple species, and thus expands the utility of this method to study reproduction in free-ranging cetaceans using biopsies. C1 [Trego, Marisa L.; Kellar, Nicholas M.; Danil, Kerri] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Trego, ML (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. EM marisa.trego@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service FX The work presented in this manuscript was supported by the National Marine Fisheries Service. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 26 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 30 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 7 AR UNSP e69709 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0069709 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 201AX UT WOS:000323114200043 PM 23936083 ER PT J AU Bauman, AG Feary, DA Heron, SF Pratchett, MS Burt, JA AF Bauman, Andrew G. Feary, David A. Heron, Scott F. Pratchett, Morgan S. Burt, John A. TI Multiple environmental factors influence the spatial distribution and structure of reef communities in the northeastern Arabian Peninsula SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Coral reefs; Coral communities; Persian Gulf; Arabian Gulf; Gulf of Oman; Strait of Hormuz ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CORAL-REEFS; INDIAN-OCEAN; MASS MORTALITY; PERSIAN-GULF; DUBAI; OMAN; RECOVERY; IMPACTS; STRESS AB Multivariate analysis revealed distinct sub-regional coral communities among the southern Persian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz, and Gulf of Oman. Differences in community structure among locations were associated with considerable spatial heterogeneity in oceanic conditions, and strong directional environmental gradients. Despite clear community differences, considerable changes to coral community structure have occurred throughout the northeastern Arabian Peninsula as compared with previous studies. The most dramatic of these are the apparent changes from Acropora dominated to poritid and faviid dominated communities, particularly in the southern Persian Gulf and Strait of Hormuz. Although temperature and salinity have previously been cited as the major environmental factors structuring coral communities around the region, additional environmental parameters, including chlorophyll-a, surface currents and winds are shown to be important in structuring reef communities throughout the northeastern Arabian Peninsula. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bauman, Andrew G.; Pratchett, Morgan S.] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Feary, David A.] Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Environm, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Townsville, Qld 4817, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Dept Phys, Marine Geophys Lab, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Burt, John A.] New York Univ Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. RP Bauman, AG (reprint author), James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM andrew.bauman@my.jcu.edu.au RI Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011; OI Burt, John/0000-0001-6087-6424 FU Nakheel - UNU-INWEH joint project "Strategic Management of Marine Ecosystems in Nakheel Projects"; Environment Agency-Abu Dhabi; Fujairah Municipality; Oman Ministry of Environment and Climate Affairs; Extra Divers Musandam; Blue Planet Tourism Musandam; Al Sawadi Beach Resort; Oman Dive Centre FX The work was carried out under the auspices of the Nakheel - UNU-INWEH joint project "Strategic Management of Marine Ecosystems in Nakheel Projects" as part of baseline data collection. We thank the following people and organizations that supported this work: E. Grandcourt, A. Al-Cibahy and the Environment Agency-Abu Dhabi, M. K. Shuriqi and Eng. A. Qasem and the Fujairah Municipality, L. H. Al-Kharusi and the Oman Ministry of Environment and Climate Affairs, Extra Divers Musandam, Blue Planet Tourism Musandam, Al Sawadi Beach Resort, Oman Dive Centre, R. Baldwin, S. Wilson, F. Vieira, M. Vieira, B. Richardson and P. Dizon-Bauman. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the US Government. NR 60 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUL 30 PY 2013 VL 72 IS 2 BP 302 EP 312 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.10.013 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 199UN UT WOS:000323021100002 PM 23122765 ER PT J AU Walsh, LA Hughes, G Lin, J Hurley, PK O'Regan, TP Cockayne, E Woicik, JC AF Walsh, Lee A. Hughes, Greg Lin, Jun Hurley, Paul K. O'Regan, Terrance P. Cockayne, Eric Woicik, Joseph C. TI Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrical characterization study of the surface potential in metal/Al2O3/GaAs(100) metal-oxide-semiconductor structures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; INTERFACES; PHOTOEMISSION; GAAS; PHOTOVOLTAGE; CS/GAAS(110) AB Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) has been used to study metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures fabricated with both high (Ni) and low (Al) work-function metals on 8-nm thick Al2O3 dielectric layers, deposited on sulfur passivated n- and p-doped GaAs substrates. A binding energy difference of 0.6 eV was measured between the GaAs core levels of the n- and p-doped substrates in the absence of gate metals, indicating different Fermi level positions in the band gap. Subsequent photoemission measurements made on the MOS structures with the different work-function metals displayed very limited change in the GaAs core level binding energies, indicating that the movement of the Fermi level at the Al2O3/GaAs interface is restricted. Using a combination of HAXPES measurements and theoretical calculations, the Fermi level positions in the band gap have been determined to be in the range of 0.4-0.75 eV and 0.8-1.11 eV above the valence band maximum for p- and n-type GaAs, respectively. Analysis of capacitance voltage (C-V) measurements on identically prepared samples yield very similar Fermi level positions at zero applied gate bias. The C-V analysis also indicates a higher interface defect density (D-it) in the upper half of the GaAs bandgap. C1 [Walsh, Lee A.; Hughes, Greg] Dublin City Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Dublin 9, Ireland. [Lin, Jun; Hurley, Paul K.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Tyndall Natl Inst, Cork, Ireland. [O'Regan, Terrance P.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Cockayne, Eric; Woicik, Joseph C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Walsh, LA (reprint author), Dublin City Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Dublin 9, Ireland. EM lee.walsh36@mail.dcu.ie OI Hughes, Greg/0000-0003-1310-8961; Hughes, Gregory/0000-0002-1358-9032 FU SFI [SFI/09/IN.1/I2633]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors from Dublin City University and the Tyndall National Institute acknowledge the financial support of SFI under Grant No. SFI/09/IN.1/I2633. The central fabrication facility at Tyndall are acknowledged for the fabrication of the experimental samples used in this work. Ian Povey from Tyndall is acknowledged for the ALD growth of the Al2O3 layers. Abdul K. Rumaiz is acknowledged for the fitting of the theoretical DOS used in this work. Access to the X24A HAXPES beamline at Brookhaven National Laboratory was obtained through a General User Proposal. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 44 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 30 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 4 AR 045322 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.045322 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 193UV UT WOS:000322587900002 ER PT J AU Zhang, T Ha, J Levy, N Kuk, Y Stroscio, J AF Zhang, Tong Ha, Jeonghoon Levy, Niv Kuk, Young Stroscio, Joseph TI Electric-Field Tuning of the Surface Band Structure of Topological Insulator Sb2Te3 Thin Films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE DIRAC CONE; BI2SE3; TRANSPORT; BI2TE3 AB We measured the response of the surface state spectrum of epitaxial Sb2Te3 thin films to applied gate electric fields by low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. The gate dependent shift of the Fermi level and the screening effect from bulk carriers vary as a function of film thickness. We observed a gap opening at the Dirac point for films thinner than four quintuple layers, due to the coupling of the top and bottom surfaces. Moreover, the top surface state band gap of the three quintuple layer films was found to be tunable by a back gate, indicating the possibility of observing a topological phase transition in this system. Our results are well explained by an effective model of 3D topological insulator thin films with structure inversion asymmetry, indicating that three quintuple layer Sb2Te3 films are topologically nontrivial and belong to the quantum spin Hall insulator class. C1 [Zhang, Tong; Ha, Jeonghoon; Levy, Niv; Stroscio, Joseph] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Tong; Ha, Jeonghoon; Levy, Niv] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ha, Jeonghoon; Kuk, Young] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Seoul 151747, South Korea. RP Stroscio, J (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.stroscio@nist.gov FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; Korea Research Foundation [KRF-2010-00349] FX We thank Mark Stiles, Paul Haney, Minsung Kim, and Jisoon Ihm for useful discussions. We thank Steve Blankenship and Alan Band for technical assistance. N. L., T. Z., and J. H. acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Grant No. 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. J. H. and Y. K. are partly supported by Korea Research Foundation through Grant No. KRF-2010-00349. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 12 U2 122 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 30 PY 2013 VL 111 IS 5 AR 056803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.056803 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 193XR UT WOS:000322595300010 PM 23952429 ER PT J AU Kirkali, G Jaruga, P Reddy, PT Tona, A Nelson, BC Li, MX Wilson, DM Dizdaroglu, M AF Kirkali, Gueldal Jaruga, Pawel Reddy, Prasad T. Tona, Alessandro Nelson, Bryant C. Li, Mengxia Wilson, David M., III Dizdaroglu, Miral TI Identification and Quantification of DNA Repair Protein Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 (APE1) in Human Cells by Liquid Chromatography/Isotope-Dilution Tandem Mass Spectrometry SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BASE EXCISION-REPAIR; AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; HUMAN APURINIC ENDONUCLEASE; ACID SUBSTITUTION VARIANTS; MAJOR HUMAN; ABASIC ENDONUCLEASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ENZYME HAP1; APE1/REF-1; GENES AB Unless repaired, DNA damage can drive mutagenesis or cell death. DNA repair proteins may therefore be used as biomarkers in disease etiology or therapeutic response prediction. Thus, the accurate determination of DNA repair protein expression and genotype is of fundamental importance. Among DNA repair proteins involved in base excision repair, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is the major endonuclease in mammals and plays important roles in transcriptional regulation and modulating stress responses. Here, we present a novel approach involving LC-MS/MS with isotope-dilution to positively identify and accurately quantify APE1 in human cells and mouse tissue. A completely N-15-labeled full-length human APE1 was produced and used as an internal standard. Fourteen tryptic peptides of both human APE1 (hAPE1) and N-15-labeled hAPE1 were identified following trypsin digestion. These peptides matched the theoretical peptides expected from trypsin digestion and provided a statistically significant protein score that would unequivocally identify hAPE1. Using the developed methodology, APE1 was positively identified and quantified in nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts of multiple human cell lines and mouse liver using selected-reaction monitoring of typical mass transitions of the tryptic peptides. We also show that the methodology can be applied to the identification of hAPE1 variants found in the human population. The results describe a novel approach for the accurate measurement of wild-type and variant forms of hAPE1 in vivo, and ultimately for defining the role of this protein in disease development and treatment responses. C1 [Kirkali, Gueldal; Jaruga, Pawel; Reddy, Prasad T.; Dizdaroglu, Miral] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tona, Alessandro; Nelson, Bryant C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Mengxia; Wilson, David M., III] NIA, NIH, Lab Mol Gerontol, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Dizdaroglu, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM miral@nist.gov RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 FU Intramural Research Program at the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging FX This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program at the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 29 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 7 AR e69894 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0069894 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 204MP UT WOS:000323369700098 PM 23922845 ER PT J AU Pratchett, MS McCowan, D Maynard, JA Heron, SF AF Pratchett, Morgan S. McCowan, Dominique Maynard, Jeffrey A. Heron, Scott F. TI Changes in Bleaching Susceptibility among Corals Subject to Ocean Warming and Recurrent Bleaching in Moorea, French Polynesia SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CLIMATE-CHANGE; THERMAL-STRESS; COMMUNITIES; RESILIENCE; MORTALITY; FUTURE; SHIFTS; EVENT; IMPACTS AB Background: Climate-induced coral bleaching poses a major threat to coral reef ecosystems, mostly because of the sensitivities of key habitat-forming corals to increasing temperature. However, susceptibility to bleaching varies greatly among coral genera and there are likely to be major changes in the relative abundance of different corals, even if the wholesale loss of corals does not occur for several decades. Here we document variation in bleaching susceptibility among key genera of reef-building corals in Moorea, French Polynesia, and compare bleaching incidence during mass-bleaching events documented in 1991, 1994, 2002 and 2007. Methodology/Principal Findings: This study compared the proportion of colonies that bleached for four major genera of reef-building corals (Acropora, Montipora, Pocillopora and Porites), during each of four well-documented bleaching events from 1991 to 2007. Acropora and Montipora consistently bleached in far greater proportions (up to 98%) than Pocillopora and Porites. However, there was an apparent and sustained decline in the proportion of colonies that bleached during successive bleaching events, especially for Acropora and Montipora. In 2007, only 77% of Acropora colonies bleached compared with 98% in 1991. Temporal variation in the proportion of coral colonies bleached may be attributable to differences in environmental conditions among years. Alternately, the sustained declines in bleaching incidence among highly susceptible corals may be indicative of acclimation or adaptation. Conclusions/Significance: Coral genera that are highly susceptible to coral bleaching, and especially Acropora and Montipora, exhibit temporal declines in their susceptibility to thermal anomalies at Moorea, French Polynesia. One possible explanation for these findings is that gradual removal of highly susceptible genotypes (through selective mortality of individuals, populations, and/or species) is producing a coral assemblage that is more resistant to sustained and ongoing ocean warming. C1 [Pratchett, Morgan S.; McCowan, Dominique] James Cook Univ North Queensland, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Maynard, Jeffrey A.] CRIOBE, Lab Excellence CORAIL USR CNRS EPHE 3278, Papetoai, Moorea, Fr Polynesia. [Maynard, Jeffrey A.] CREST Res Pk UNCW, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC USA. [Heron, Scott F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Coral Reef Watch, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Marine Geophys Lab, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Pratchett, MS (reprint author), James Cook Univ North Queensland, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Townsville, Qld, Australia. EM morgan.pratchett@jcu.edu.au RI Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011 FU Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; Australian Research Council (Australian Research Fellowship); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Centre de Recherches Insulaires et Observatoire de l'Environnement FX This research was supported by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies. The work was supported by grants to MP from the Australian Research Council (Australian Research Fellowship) and from and from Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Centre de Recherches Insulaires et Observatoire de l'Environnement to JM. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 51 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 49 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 29 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 7 AR e70443 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0070443 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 204MP UT WOS:000323369700183 PM 23922992 ER PT J AU Zhu, H Hacker, CA Pookpanratana, SJ Richter, CA Yuan, H Li, HT Kirillov, O Ioannou, DE Li, QL AF Zhu, Hao Hacker, Christina A. Pookpanratana, Sujitra J. Richter, Curt A. Yuan, Hui Li, Haitao Kirillov, Oleg Ioannou, Dimitris E. Li, Qiliang TI Non-volatile memory with self-assembled ferrocene charge trapping layer SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR ELECTRONIC JUNCTIONS; MONOLAYERS; DEVICES; SIO2 AB A metal/oxide/molecule/oxide/Si capacitor structure containing redox-active ferrocene molecules has been fabricated for non-volatile memory application. Cyclic voltammetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to measure the molecules in the structure, showing that the molecules attach on SiO2/Si and the molecules are functional after device fabrication. These solid-state molecular memory devices have fast charge-storage speed and can endure more than 10(9) program/erase cycles. This excellent performance is derived from the intrinsic properties of the redox-active molecules and the hybrid Si-molecular device structure. These molecular devices are very attractive for future high-level non-volatile memory applications. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Zhu, Hao; Yuan, Hui; Li, Haitao; Ioannou, Dimitris E.; Li, Qiliang] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Zhu, Hao; Hacker, Christina A.; Pookpanratana, Sujitra J.; Richter, Curt A.; Yuan, Hui; Li, Haitao; Kirillov, Oleg; Li, Qiliang] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, QL (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM qli6@gmu.edu RI Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015 OI Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695 FU US NIST Grant [60NANB11D148]; US NSF Grant [ECCS-0846649]; Virginia Microelectronics Consortium Research Grant FX The work described here was supported by US NIST Grant 60NANB11D148, US NSF Grant ECCS-0846649, and Virginia Microelectronics Consortium Research Grant. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 46 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 29 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 5 AR 053102 DI 10.1063/1.4817009 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 195SD UT WOS:000322723000073 ER PT J AU Papp, SB Del'Haye, P Diddams, SA AF Papp, Scott B. Del'Haye, Pascal Diddams, Scott A. TI Parametric seeding of a microresonator optical frequency comb SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID GENERATION; SPECTROSCOPY; CHIP; MICROCAVITIES; RESONATOR; NOISE AB We have investigated parametric seeding of a microresonator frequency comb (microcomb) by way of a pump laser with two electrooptic-modulation sidebands. We show that the pump-sideband spacing is precisely replicated throughout the microcomb's optical spectrum, and we demonstrate a record absolute line-spacing stability for microcombs of 1.6 x 10(-13) at 1 s. The spectrum of a microcomb is complex, and often non-equidistant subcombs are observed. Our results demonstrate that parametric seeding can not only control the subcombs, but can lead to the generation of a strictly equidistant microcomb spectrum. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Papp, Scott B.; Del'Haye, Pascal; Diddams, Scott A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Papp, SB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM scott.papp@nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Del'Haye, Pascal/G-2588-2016 OI Del'Haye, Pascal/0000-0002-6517-6942 FU DARPA QuASAR program; NASA; NIST FX We are grateful to Hansuek Lee, Jiang Li, and Kerry Vahala for providing the silica disk resonator. We thank Lora Nugent-Glandorf and Frank Quinlan for providing helpful comments on this manuscript. This work is supported by the DARPA QuASAR program, NASA, and NIST. It is a contribution of the US government (NIST) and is not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 36 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 29 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 15 BP 17615 EP 17624 DI 10.1364/OE.21.017615 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 190UJ UT WOS:000322366300023 PM 23938634 ER PT J AU Ravets, S Hoffman, JE Orozco, LA Rolston, SL Beadie, G Fatemi, FK AF Ravets, S. Hoffman, J. E. Orozco, L. A. Rolston, S. L. Beadie, G. Fatemi, F. K. TI A low-loss photonic silica nanofiber for higher-order modes SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL NANOFIBER; TAPERS AB Optical nanofibers confine light to subwavelength scales, and are of interest for the design, integration, and interconnection of nanophotonic devices. Here we demonstrate high transmission (> 97%) of the first family of excited modes through a 350 nm radius fiber, by appropriate choice of the fiber and precise control of the taper geometry. We can design the nanofibers so that these modes propagate with most of their energy outside the waist region. We also present an optical setup for selectively launching these modes with less than 1% fundamental mode contamination. Our experimental results are in good agreement with simulations of the propagation. Multimode optical nanofibers expand the photonic toolbox, and may aid in the realization of a fully integrated nanoscale device for communication science, laser science or other sensing applications. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Ravets, S.; Hoffman, J. E.; Orozco, L. A.; Rolston, S. L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ravets, S.; Hoffman, J. E.; Orozco, L. A.; Rolston, S. L.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ravets, S.] Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, Inst Opt, Lab Charles Fabry, F-91127 Palaiseau, France. [Beadie, G.; Fatemi, F. K.] Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Orozco, LA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM lorozco@umd.edu RI rolston, steven/L-5175-2013 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190 FU ONR; ARO Atomtronics MURI; DARPA; NSF through the PFC at JQI; Fulbright Foundation FX This work was funded by ONR, the ARO Atomtronics MURI, DARPA, and the NSF through the PFC at JQI. S. R. acknowledges support from the Fulbright Foundation. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 43 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 29 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 15 BP 18325 EP 18335 DI 10.1364/OE.21.018325 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 190UJ UT WOS:000322366300093 PM 23938704 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZG Zhang, Y Wang, W Huang, RX AF Zhang, Zhengguang Zhang, Yu Wang, Wei Huang, Rin Xin TI Universal structure of mesoscale eddies in the ocean SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE geostrophic eddy; three-dimensional structure; universal; ocean ID STRATIFIED FLUID; PACIFIC-OCEAN; NORTH PACIFIC; EDDY; VORTICES AB Mesoscale eddies dominate oceanic kinetic energy at sub-initial frequencies. Their three-dimensional structure has, however, remained obscure, hindering better understanding of eddy dynamics. Here by applying the composite analysis of satellite altimetry and Argo float data to the globe, we show that despite remarkable regional differences in amplitude, extent and polarity, etc., mesoscale eddies have a universal structure in normalized stretched coordinates. Horizontally, the associated pressure anomaly is well described by a function of the normalized radial distance from the eddy center R(r(n))=(1-r(n)(2)/2)center dot exp(-r(n)(2)/2), z(s)=integral(z)(0)(N/f)dz, whereas vertically it is sinusoidal in a stretched coordinate , where N and f are the buoyancy frequency and the Coriolis parameter. C1 [Zhang, Zhengguang; Wang, Wei] Ocean Univ China, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yu] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Huang, Rin Xin] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 201 Forrestal Rd,Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM yuz@princeton.edu FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41276014]; National Basic Research Priorities Program of China [2013CB430303] FX The authors thank China Argo Real-time Data Center for providing their Argo floats data. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 41276014 and the National Basic Research Priorities Program of China through grant 2013CB430303. The authors thank Dudley B. Chelton and another anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments, which improved the quality of the article. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 14 BP 3677 EP 3681 DI 10.1002/grl.50736 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 204TP UT WOS:000323392700034 ER PT J AU Bollasina, MA Ming, Y Ramaswamy, V AF Bollasina, Massimo A. Ming, Yi Ramaswamy, V. TI Earlier onset of the Indian monsoon in the late twentieth century: The role of anthropogenic aerosols SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Indian monsoon onset; anthropogenic aerosols; twentieth century trend; historical GCM experiments ID BLACK CARBON AEROSOLS; ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; ABSORBING AEROSOLS; CLIMATE; CLOUDS AB The impact of the late twentieth century increase of anthropogenic aerosols on the Indian monsoon onset was investigated with a state-of-the-art climate model with fully interactive aerosols and chemistry. We find that aerosols are likely responsible for the observed earlier onset, resulting in enhanced June precipitation over most of India. This shift is preceded by strong aerosol forcing over the Bay of Bengal and Indochina, mostly attributable to the direct effect, resulting in increased atmospheric stability that inhibits the monsoon migration in May. The adjusted atmospheric circulation leads to thermodynamic changes over the northwestern continental region, including increased surface temperature and near-surface moist static energy, which support a stronger June flow and, facilitated by a relative warming of the Indian Ocean, a vigorous northwestward precipitation shift. These findings underscore the importance of dynamical feedbacks and of regional land-surface processes for the aerosol-monsoon link. C1 [Bollasina, Massimo A.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Bollasina, Massimo A.; Ming, Yi; Ramaswamy, V.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Bollasina, MA (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM massimo.bollasina@noaa.gov RI Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012 FU Princeton Environmental Institute; BP FX We thank David Paynter for the helpful discussions, Tim Merlis and David Paynter for reviewing an earlier version of the manuscript, and the two anonymous reviewers. M. A. B. was partly supported by the Princeton Environmental Institute with support from BP. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 14 BP 3715 EP 3720 DI 10.1002/grl.50719 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 204TP UT WOS:000323392700041 ER PT J AU Knuffman, B Steele, AV McClelland, JJ AF Knuffman, B. Steele, A. V. McClelland, J. J. TI Cold atomic beam ion source for focused ion beam applications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOOPTICAL TRAP; CESIUM; PROBE; COMPRESSION; MICROSCOPE; INTENSE; SLOW; SIMS AB We report measurements and modeling of an ion source that is based on ionization of a laser-cooled atomic beam. We show a high brightness and a low energy spread, suitable for use in next-generation, high-resolution focused ion beam systems. Our measurements of total ion current as a function of ionization conditions support an analytical model that also predicts the cross-sectional current density and spatial distribution of ions created in the source. The model predicts a peak brightness of 2 x 10(7) A m(-2) sr(-1) eV(-1) and an energy spread less than 0.34 eV. The model is also combined with Monte-Carlo simulations of the inter-ion Coulomb forces to show that the source can be operated at several picoamperes with a brightness above 1 x 10(7) A m(-2) sr(-1) eV(-1). We estimate that when combined with a conventional ion focusing column, an ion source with these properties could focus a 1 pA beam into a spot smaller than 1 nm. A total current greater than 5 nA was measured in a lower-brightness configuration of the ion source, demonstrating the possibility of a high current mode of operation. (C) 2013 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Knuffman, B.; Steele, A. V.; McClelland, J. J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Knuffman, B.; Steele, A. V.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Knuffman, B.; Steele, A. V.] zeroK NanoTech, Montgomery Village, MD 20886 USA. RP Steele, AV (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM adam@zerok.com RI McClelland, Jabez/A-2358-2015 OI McClelland, Jabez/0000-0001-5672-5965 FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Science Foundation [1248521] FX B.K. and A. V. S. acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Grant No. 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland and from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1248521. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 28 PY 2013 VL 114 IS 4 AR 044303 DI 10.1063/1.4816248 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 193DZ UT WOS:000322539300080 ER PT J AU Mansfield, ML Douglas, JF AF Mansfield, Marc L. Douglas, Jack F. TI Shape characteristics of equilibrium and non-equilibrium fractal clusters SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION-LIMITED AGGREGATION; RANDOM-FLIGHT CHAINS; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP APPROACH; TETRAHEDRAL LATTICE CHAINS; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; BRANCHED RANDOM-WALKS; RING POLYMERS; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; THETA SYSTEMS; SIZE AB It is often difficult in practice to discriminate between equilibrium and non-equilibrium nanoparticle or colloidal-particle clusters that form through aggregation in gas or solution phases. Scattering studies often permit the determination of an apparent fractal dimension, but both equilibrium and non-equilibrium clusters in three dimensions frequently have fractal dimensions near 2, so that it is often not possible to discriminate on the basis of this geometrical property. A survey of the anisotropy of a wide variety of polymeric structures (linear and ring random and self-avoiding random walks, percolation clusters, lattice animals, diffusion-limited aggregates, and Eden clusters) based on the principal components of both the radius of gyration and electric polarizability tensor indicates, perhaps counter-intuitively, that self-similar equilibrium clusters tend to be intrinsically anisotropic at all sizes, while non-equilibrium processes such as diffusion-limited aggregation or Eden growth tend to be isotropic in the large-mass limit, providing a potential means of discriminating these clusters experimentally if anisotropy could be determined along with the fractal dimension. Equilibrium polymer structures, such as flexible polymer chains, are normally self-similar due to the existence of only a single relevant length scale, and are thus anisotropic at all length scales, while non-equilibrium polymer structures that grow irreversibly in time eventually become isotropic if there is no difference in the average growth rates in different directions. There is apparently no proof of these general trends and little theoretical insight into what controls the universal anisotropy in equilibrium polymer structures of various kinds. This is an obvious topic of theoretical investigation, as well as a matter of practical interest. To address this general problem, we consider two experimentally accessible ratios, one between the hydrodynamic and gyration radii, the other between the viscosity and hydrodynamic radii, as potential measures of shape anisotropy. We also find a strong correlation between anisotropy and effective fractal dimension. These observations should provide new practical methods for quantifying the nature of particle clustering in diverse contexts. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Mansfield, Marc L.] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mansfield, ML (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Bingham Res Ctr, Vernal, UT 84078 USA. EM marc.mansfield@usu.edu; jack.douglas@nist.gov NR 62 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 28 PY 2013 VL 139 IS 4 AR 044901 DI 10.1063/1.4813020 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 198VA UT WOS:000322949300063 PM 23902013 ER PT J AU McAfee, SA Guentchev, G Eischeid, JK AF McAfee, Stephanie A. Guentchev, Galina Eischeid, Jon K. TI Reconciling precipitation trends in Alaska: 1. Station-based analyses SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE precipitation; trends; Alaska ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHERN ALASKA; HOMOGENEITY; 20TH-CENTURY; TEMPERATURE; REGIONS; REGIMES AB Numerous studies have evaluated precipitation trends in Alaska and come to different conclusions. These studies differ in analysis period and methodology and do not address the issue of temporal homogeneity. To reconcile these conflicting results, we selected 29 stations with largely complete monthly records, screened them for homogeneity, and then evaluated trend over two analysis periods (1950-2010 and 1980-2010) using three methods: least absolute deviation regression, ordinary least squares regression (with and without transformation), and Mann-Kendall trend testing following removal of first-order autocorrelation. We found that differences in analytical period had a significant impact on trends and that the presence of inhomogeneities or step changes also posed a substantial challenge in detecting reliable long-term trends in precipitation over Alaska, particularly in the southern part of the state. Although some of these inhomogeneities occur in the mid-1970s and could be associated with well-documented changes in the Pacific Ocean and the Aleutian Low at that time, many of the inhomogeneities co-occur with changes in station location, instrumentation, or operation. These operationally induced changes make it difficult to accurately detect the impact of decadal to multidecadal climate variability on precipitation amounts and to assess historical precipitation trends in Alaska. C1 [McAfee, Stephanie A.] Wilderness Soc, Anchorage, AK USA. [Eischeid, Jon K.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP McAfee, SA (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM smcafee@unr.edu FU Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative; Wilderness Society FX We would like to thank Gary Hufford, Rick Thoman, Edward Plumb, Carl Dierking, and Ted Fathaeur for providing their insight on the operation of Alaska's weather stations and for providing data from the Cooperative station at Eagle. We would also like to thank John Walsh and an anonymous reviewer; their comments on the manuscript improved it greatly. Funding for this project was provided by the Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative and The Wilderness Society. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 14 BP 7523 EP 7541 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50572 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 201DL UT WOS:000323120800010 ER PT J AU Commane, R Herndon, SC Zahniser, MS Lerner, BM McManus, JB Munger, JW Nelson, DD Wofsy, SC AF Commane, R. Herndon, S. C. Zahniser, M. S. Lerner, B. M. McManus, J. B. Munger, J. W. Nelson, D. D. Wofsy, S. C. TI Carbonyl sulfide in the planetary boundary layer: Coastal and continental influences SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE carbonyl sulfide; high frequency measurement; photosynthesis; wetland emission; marine source ID QUANTUM CASCADE LASER; DIMETHYL SULFIDE; SULFUR GASES; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; GROWING-SEASON; SPRUCE FOREST; FTIR PRODUCT; COS; ATMOSPHERE; EXCHANGE AB Measurements of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) have been proposed to provide a unique constraint on carbon assimilation by the biosphere that is independent of the influence of plant and soil respiration of CO2, but this constraint depends on a comprehensive understanding of the processes controlling OCS in the biosphere. We conducted a high-resolution temporal and spatial survey of OCS and CO2 mixing ratios during the California Nexus Experiment research cruise along the coast of California (U.S.) and into the Sacramento River Delta using a newly constructed compact quantum cascade laser spectrometer (precision for OCS of <8pptv (pmol/mol) at 1Hz). The temporal and spatial resolution of the measurements revealed a number of specific processes related to known sources and sinks. The observations demonstrate OCS uptake during daytime photosynthetic uptake of CO2, OCS depletion during nighttime forest respiration of CO2, and OCS emission from a freshwater marsh. OCS emission was observed in one anthropogenically influenced plume, but, overall, no correlation was observed between OCS and SO2, and the use of scaled SO2 emission fields in global budgets of OCS should be reconsidered for areas with strict sulfur emission controls, such as California. The observations show that, in a homogeneous ecosystem on a local scale, OCS may be a proxy for CO2 uptake. However, at larger scales that span heterogeneous environments, in order to confidently quantify any single process, competing processes must be either relatively small or well quantified. C1 [Commane, R.; Munger, J. W.; Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Herndon, S. C.; Zahniser, M. S.; McManus, J. B.; Nelson, D. D.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA USA. [Lerner, B. M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Sci Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Commane, R (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rcommane@seas.harvard.edu RI Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; Commane, Roisin/E-4835-2016; Munger, J/H-4502-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; Commane, Roisin/0000-0003-1373-1550; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; FU NOAA [NA100AR4310101, NA090AR4310122]; DOE SBIR Grant [DE-5C0001801] FX We thank Eric Williams, NOAA, for SO2 data. This work was supported by NOAA grants NA100AR4310101 and NA090AR4310122 and DOE SBIR Grant DE-5C0001801. We thank the crew and scientists on the R/V Atlantis for their support. Thanks also to Ryan McGovern for instrument assembly and testing. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 40 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 14 BP 8001 EP 8009 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50581 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 201DL UT WOS:000323120800045 ER PT J AU McPeters, RD Bhartia, PK Haffner, D Labow, GJ Flynn, L AF McPeters, Richard D. Bhartia, P. K. Haffner, D. Labow, Gordon J. Flynn, Larry TI The version 8.6 SBUV ozone data record: An overview SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE ozone climatology ID TEMPERATURE; RETRIEVAL; GOME AB Under a NASA program to produce long-term data records from instruments on multiple satellites, data from a series of nine Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SBUV and SBUV/2) instruments have been reprocessed to create a coherent ozone time series. Data from the BUV instrument on Nimbus 4, SBUV on Nimbus 7, and SBUV/2 instruments on NOAA 9, 11, 14, 16, 17, 18, and 19 covering the period 1970-1972 and 1979-2011 were used to create a long-term data set. The goal is an ozone Earth Science Data Recorda consistent, calibrated ozone time series that can be used for trend analyses and other studies. In order to create this ozone data set, the radiances were adjusted and used to reprocess the entire data records for each of the nine instruments. Interinstrument comparisons during periods of overlap as well as comparisons with data from other satellite and ground-based instruments were used to evaluate the consistency of the record and make calibration adjustments as needed. Additional improvements in this version 8.6 processing included the use of the Brion, Daumont, and Malicet ozone cross sections, and a cloud-height climatology derived from Aura OMI measurements. Validation of the reprocessed ozone shows that total column ozone is consistent with the Brewer/Dobson network to within about 1% for the new time series. Comparisons with MLS, SAGE, sondes, and lidar show that ozone at individual levels in the stratosphere is generally consistent to within 5%. C1 [McPeters, Richard D.; Bhartia, P. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Haffner, D.; Labow, Gordon J.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Flynn, Larry] NOAA NESDIS, College Pk, MD USA. RP McPeters, RD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Code 614, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Richard.D.McPeters@nasa.gov RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009; McPeters, Richard/G-4955-2013; Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016 OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614; McPeters, Richard/0000-0002-8926-8462; Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137 NR 23 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 14 BP 8032 EP 8039 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50597 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 201DL UT WOS:000323120800048 ER PT J AU Moradi, I Soden, B Ferraro, R Arkin, P Vomel, H AF Moradi, Isaac Soden, Brian Ferraro, Ralph Arkin, Phillip Voemel, Holger TI Assessing the quality of humidity measurements from global operational radiosonde sensors SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE radiosonde data; water vapor; microwave remote sensing; tropospheric humidity; satellite data; radiative transfer ID TROPOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; ERRORS; SATELLITE; CLIMATE AB The quality of humidity measurements from global operational radiosonde sensors in upper, middle, and lower troposphere for the period 2000-2011 were investigated using satellite observations from three microwave water vapor channels operating at 183.31 +/- 1, 183.31 +/- 3, and 183.31 +/- 7 GHz. The radiosonde data were partitioned based on sensor type into 19 classes. The satellite brightness temperatures (Tb) were simulated using radiosonde profiles and a radiative transfer model, then the radiosonde simulated Tb's were compared with the observed Tb's from the satellites. The surface affected Tb's were excluded from the comparison due to the lack of reliable surface emissivity data at the microwave frequencies. Daytime and nighttime data were examined separately to see the possible effect of daytime radiation bias on the sonde data. The error characteristics among different radiosondes vary significantly, which largely reflects the differences in sensor type. These differences are more evident in the mid-upper troposphere than in the lower troposphere, mainly because some of the sensors stop responding to tropospheric humidity somewhere in the upper or even in the middle troposphere. In the upper troposphere, most sensors have a dry bias but Russian sensors and a few other sensors including GZZ2, VZB2, and RS80H have a wet bias. In middle troposphere, Russian sensors still have a wet bias but all other sensors have a dry bias. All sensors, including Russian sensors, have a dry bias in lower troposphere. The systematic and random errors generally decrease from upper to lower troposphere. Sensors from China, India, Russia, and the U.S. have a large random error in upper troposphere, which indicates that these sensors are not suitable for upper tropospheric studies as they fail to respond to humidity changes in the upper and even middle troposphere. Overall, Vaisala sensors perform better than other sensors throughout the troposphere exhibiting the smallest systematic and random errors. Because of the large differences between different radiosonde humidity sensors, it is important for long-term trend studies to only use data measured using a single type of sensor at any given station. If multiple sensor types are used then it is necessary to consider the bias between sensor types and its possible dependence on humidity and temperature. C1 [Moradi, Isaac; Arkin, Phillip] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Soden, Brian] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Ferraro, Ralph] NOAA, STAR, NESDIS, College Pk, MD USA. [Voemel, Holger] German Weather Serv DWD, Offenbach, Germany. RP Moradi, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NOAA Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites CICS MD, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM imoradi@umd.edu RI Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010; Moradi, Isaac/A-7539-2008 OI Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135; Moradi, Isaac/0000-0003-2194-1427 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX This research was partially supported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) via grant to the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (CICS). NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 14 BP 8040 EP 8053 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50589 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 201DL UT WOS:000323120800049 ER PT J AU Brown, SS Thornton, JA Keene, WC Pszenny, AAP Sive, BC Dube, WP Wagner, NL Young, CJ Riedel, TP Roberts, JM VandenBoer, TC Bahreini, R Ozturk, F Middlebrook, AM Kim, S Hubler, G Wolfe, DE AF Brown, Steven S. Thornton, Joel A. Keene, William C. Pszenny, Alexander A. P. Sive, Barkley C. Dube, William P. Wagner, Nicholas L. Young, Cora J. Riedel, Theran P. Roberts, James M. VandenBoer, Trevor C. Bahreini, Roya Ozturk, Fatma Middlebrook, Ann M. Kim, Saewung Huebler, Gerhard Wolfe, Daniel E. TI Nitrogen, Aerosol Composition, and Halogens on a Tall Tower (NACHTT): Overview of a wintertime air chemistry field study in the front range urban corridor of Colorado SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE NACHTT; winter air quality; halogens; aerosols; nitrogen oxides ID DENVER BROWN CLOUD; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; NI-PT-CIMS; UNITED-STATES; HETEROGENEOUS HYDROLYSIS; POLLUTION EPISODES; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; LOWER TROPOSPHERE AB The Nitrogen, Aerosol Composition, and Halogens on a Tall Tower (NACHTT) field experiment took place during late winter, 2011, at a site 33km north of Denver, Colorado. The study included fixed-height measurements of aerosols, soluble trace gases, and volatile organic compounds near surface level, as well as vertically resolved measurements of nitrogen oxides, aerosol composition, soluble gas-phase acids, and halogen species from 3 to 270m above ground level. There were 1928 individual profiles during the three-week campaign to characterize trace gas and aerosol distributions in the lower levels of the boundary layer. Nitrate and ammonium dominated the ionic composition of aerosols and originated primarily from local or regional sources. Sulfate and organic matter were also significant and were associated primarily with longer-range transport to the region. Aerosol chloride was associated primarily with supermicron size fractions and was always present in excess of gas-phase chlorine compounds. The nighttime radical reservoirs, nitryl chloride, ClNO2, and nitrous acid, HONO, were both consistently present in nighttime urban air. Nitryl chloride was especially pronounced in plumes from large point sources sampled aloft at night. Nitrous acid was typically most concentrated near the ground surface and was the dominant contributor (80%) to diurnally averaged primary OH radical production in near-surface air. Large observed mixing ratios of light alkanes, both in near-surface air and aloft, were attributable to local emissions from oil and gas activities. C1 [Brown, Steven S.; Dube, William P.; Wagner, Nicholas L.; Young, Cora J.; Roberts, James M.; Bahreini, Roya; Ozturk, Fatma; Middlebrook, Ann M.; Huebler, Gerhard; Wolfe, Daniel E.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Thornton, Joel A.; Riedel, Theran P.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Keene, William C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Pszenny, Alexander A. P.; Sive, Barkley C.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Sive, Barkley C.] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Chem, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Dube, William P.; Wagner, Nicholas L.; Young, Cora J.; Bahreini, Roya; Huebler, Gerhard] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Young, Cora J.; VandenBoer, Trevor C.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Chem, St John, NF A1B 3X7, Canada. [VandenBoer, Trevor C.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Bahreini, Roya] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Ozturk, Fatma] Abant Izzet Baysal Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Fac Engn & Architecture, Bolu, Turkey. [Kim, Saewung] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Earth Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Kim, Saewung] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Sch Phys Sci, Irvine, CA USA. RP Brown, SS (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM steven.s.brown@noaa.gov RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; VandenBoer, Trevor/F-1032-2011; Kim, Saewung/E-4089-2012; Wagner, Nicholas/E-7437-2010; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Young, Cora/A-4551-2010; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Hubler, Gerhard/E-9780-2010; Thornton, Joel/C-1142-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; VandenBoer, Trevor/0000-0001-8926-4237; Young, Cora/0000-0002-6908-5829; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867; FU National Science Foundation [ANT-1041187]; University of New Hampshire [ANT-1041049]; Appalachian State University [ANT-1127774]; NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Program FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Program. Financial support was also provided by the National Science Foundation through awards to the University of Virginia (ANT-1041187) and the University of New Hampshire (ANT-1041049) and Appalachian State University (ANT-1127774). NR 104 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 7 U2 89 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 14 BP 8067 EP 8085 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50537 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 201DL UT WOS:000323120800051 ER PT J AU Naik, V Horowitz, LW Fiore, AM Ginoux, P Mao, JQ Aghedo, AM Levy, H AF Naik, Vaishali Horowitz, Larry W. Fiore, Arlene M. Ginoux, Paul Mao, Jingqiu Aghedo, Adetutu M. Levy, Hiram, II TI Impact of preindustrial to present-day changes in short-lived pollutant emissions on atmospheric composition and climate forcing SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE short-lived pollutants; preindustrial; present day; radiative forcing perturbation; atmospheric composition ID INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT ACCMIP; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; SURFACE OZONE; AEROSOL IMPACTS; STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; GLOBAL SIMULATION; METHANE LIFETIME AB We describe and evaluate atmospheric chemistry in the newly developed Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory chemistry-climate model (GFDL AM3) and apply it to investigate the net impact of preindustrial (PI) to present (PD) changes in short-lived pollutant emissions (ozone precursors, sulfur dioxide, and carbonaceous aerosols) and methane concentration on atmospheric composition and climate forcing. The inclusion of online troposphere-stratosphere interactions, gas-aerosol chemistry, and aerosol-cloud interactions (including direct and indirect aerosol radiative effects) in AM3 enables a more complete representation of interactions among short-lived species, and thus their net climate impact, than was considered in previous climate assessments. The base AM3 simulation, driven with observed sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice cover (SIC) over the period 1981-2007, generally reproduces the observed mean magnitude, spatial distribution, and seasonal cycle of tropospheric ozone and carbon monoxide. The global mean aerosol optical depth in our base simulation is within 5% of satellite measurements over the 1982-2006 time period. We conduct a pair of simulations in which only the short-lived pollutant emissions and methane concentrations are changed from PI (1860) to PD (2000) levels (i.e., SST, SIC, greenhouse gases, and ozone-depleting substances are held at PD levels). From the PI to PD, we find that changes in short-lived pollutant emissions and methane have caused the tropospheric ozone burden to increase by 39% and the global burdens of sulfate, black carbon, and organic carbon to increase by factors of 3, 2.4, and 1.4, respectively. Tropospheric hydroxyl concentration decreases by 7%, showing that increases in OH sinks (methane, carbon monoxide, nonmethane volatile organic compounds, and sulfur dioxide) dominate over sources (ozone and nitrogen oxides) in the model. Combined changes in tropospheric ozone and aerosols cause a net negative top-of-the-atmosphere radiative forcing perturbation (-1.05Wm(-2)) indicating that the negative forcing (direct plus indirect) from aerosol changes dominates over the positive forcing due to ozone increases, thus masking nearly half of the PI to PD positive forcing from long-lived greenhouse gases globally, consistent with other current generation chemistry-climate models. C1 [Naik, Vaishali] NOAA, UCAR, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Horowitz, Larry W.; Ginoux, Paul; Levy, Hiram, II] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Fiore, Arlene M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY USA. [Fiore, Arlene M.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Mao, Jingqiu] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Aghedo, Adetutu M.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX USA. RP Naik, V (reprint author), NOAA, UCAR, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Vaishali.Naik@noaa.gov RI Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008 OI Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988 NR 160 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 69 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 14 BP 8086 EP 8110 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50608 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 201DL UT WOS:000323120800052 ER PT J AU Li, HB Spencer, AP Kortyna, A Moody, G Jonas, DM Cundiff, ST AF Li, Hebin Spencer, Austin P. Kortyna, Andrew Moody, Galan Jonas, David M. Cundiff, Steven T. TI Pulse Propagation Effects in Optical 2D Fourier-Transform Spectroscopy: Experiment SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PHOTON-ECHO; FEMTOSECOND SPECTROSCOPY; NONLINEAR SPECTROSCOPY; DENSE MEDIA; PHASE; RESONANCES; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS AB In optical two-dimensional Fourier-transform (2DFT) spectroscopy, understanding how the spectral line shape is affected by pulse propagation in the sample is crucial for an accurate interpretation of spectra. We report an experimental study of pulse propagation effects in 2DFT spectroscopy performed in a dense atomic vapor. The spectral line shape can be dramatically distorted due to high optical density as well as the physical thickness of a sample. The spectral distortion can be partially corrected by using a reference pulse copropagating with the signal combined with appropriate data processing. C1 [Li, Hebin; Kortyna, Andrew; Moody, Galan; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, Hebin; Kortyna, Andrew; Moody, Galan; Cundiff, Steven T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Spencer, Austin P.; Jonas, David M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kortyna, Andrew] Lafayette Coll, Dept Phys, Easton, PA 18042 USA. [Moody, Galan; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu RI Li, Hebin/A-8711-2009; Jonas, David/A-7491-2008; Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Moody, Galan/J-5811-2014; OI Jonas, David/0000-0002-1085-8161; Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Moody, Galan/0000-0001-7263-1483; Spencer, Austin/0000-0003-4043-2062 FU Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Energy Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DEFG02-02ER15346]; National Science Foundation [CHE-1112365] FX We thank Dr. Bo Sun for discussions and help on the experiment. The work at JILA was primarily supported by the National Science Foundation through the JILA Physics Frontier Center and also by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Energy Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy under Award #DEFG02-02ER15346. The work of A.P.S. and D.M.J. was supported by National Science Foundation Grant CHE-1112365. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 25 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 29 BP 6279 EP 6287 DI 10.1021/jp4007872 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 192RO UT WOS:000322503200045 PM 23565590 ER PT J AU Zhu, CJ Deng, L Hagley, EW AF Zhu, Chengjie Deng, L. Hagley, E. W. TI Dynamic light deflection in an active Raman-gain medium using a spatially inhomogeneous pump SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; BEAM DEFLECTION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; VAPOR AB We study optical wave deflection in a three-level active Raman gain medium using a spatially inhomogeneous pump field. Using the eikonal approximation, we derive an analytical expression for the deflection angle and demonstrate more than an order of magnitude increase in deflection when compared to the electromagnetically induced transparency method. Numerical simulations have shown excellent agreement with semi-classical theoretical predictions. We further discuss the concept of light-beam-deflection-based wavelength division multiplexing which may have important applications in integrated circuits for optical telecommunications. C1 [Zhu, Chengjie; Deng, L.; Hagley, E. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhu, Chengjie] E China Normal Univ, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. RP Zhu, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 25 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 1 AR 013841 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.88.013841 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 188VF UT WOS:000322223200010 ER PT J AU Baker, MR Swanson, P Young, G AF Baker, Matthew R. Swanson, Penny Young, Graham TI Injuries from Non-Retention in Gillnet Fisheries Suppress Reproductive Maturation in Escaped Fish SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; ADULT SOCKEYE-SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; PLASMA-CORTISOL; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; ACUTE STRESS; IN-VITRO; DISEASE RESISTANCE; SEXUAL-MATURATION; RIVER MIGRATION AB Exploitation of fisheries resources has unintended consequences, not only in the bycatch and discard of non-target organisms, but also in damage to targeted fish that are injured by gear but not landed (non-retention). Delayed mortality due to non-retention represents lost reproductive potential in exploited stocks, while not contributing to harvest. Our study examined the physiological mechanisms by which delayed mortality occurs and the extent to which injuries related to disentanglement from commercial gear compromise reproductive success in spawning stocks of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). We found evidence for elevated stress in fish injured via non-retention in gillnet fisheries. Plasma cortisol levels correlated with the severity of disentanglement injury and were elevated in fish that developed infections related to disentanglement injuries. We also analyzed sex steroid concentrations in females (estradiol-17 beta and 17,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one) to determine whether non-retention impairs reproductive potential in escaped individuals. We demonstrate evidence for delayed or inhibited maturation in fish with disentanglement injuries. These findings have important implications for effective conservation and management of exploited fish stocks and suggest means to improve spawning success in such stocks if retention in commercial fisheries is improved and incidental mortality reduced. C1 [Baker, Matthew R.; Young, Graham] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Swanson, Penny] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Swanson, Penny; Young, Graham] Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Baker, MR (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. EM Matthew.Baker@noaa.gov FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation biocomplexity Program; Environmental Protection Agency STAR fellowship FX Funding for this research was provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the National Science Foundation biocomplexity Program, and the Environmental Protection Agency STAR fellowship (to M.R.B.). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 71 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 19 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 24 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 7 AR e69615 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0069615 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 188BY UT WOS:000322167900083 PM 23894510 ER PT J AU Qiu, XY Khripin, CY Ke, FY Howell, SC Zheng, M AF Qiu, Xiangyun Khripin, Constantine Y. Ke, Fuyou Howell, Steven C. Zheng, Ming TI Electrostatically Driven Interactions between Hybrid DNA-Carbon Nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LENGTH; CHROMATOGRAPHY; RECOGNITION; DISPERSION; SEPARATION; SIZE AB Single-stranded DNA is able to wrap around single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNT) and form stable DNA-CNT hybrids that are highly soluble in solution. Here we report quantitative measurements and analysis of the interactions between DNA-CNT hybrids at low salts. Condensation of DNA-CNT hybrids by neutral osmolytes leads to liquid crystalline phases, and varying the osmotic pressure modulates the interhybrid distance that is determined by x-ray diffraction. Thus obtained force-distance dependencies of DNA-CNT hybrids show a remarkable resemblance to that of double-stranded DNA with differences that can be largely accounted for by their different diameters. This establishes their common physical nature of electrostatically driven interactions. Quantitative modeling further reveals the roles of hydration in mediating the interhybrid forces within the last nanometer of surface separation. This study also suggests the utility of osmotic pressure to control DNA-CNT assemblies at subnanometer precision. C1 [Qiu, Xiangyun; Ke, Fuyou; Howell, Steven C.] George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Khripin, Constantine Y.; Zheng, Ming] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Qiu, XY (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM xqiu@gwu.edu FU George Washington University FX We thank Qi Xia and Roshan Patel for experimental assistance at the early stage of our study. We thank Rudolf Podgornik, Adrian Parsegian, and Donald Rau for stimulating discussions. The work is supported by the George Washington University. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 24 PY 2013 VL 111 IS 4 AR 048301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.048301 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 188TV UT WOS:000322218000015 PM 23931412 ER PT J AU Gentile, TR Hayden, ME Nacher, PJ Petukhov, AK Saam, B Walker, TG AF Gentile, T. R. Hayden, M. E. Nacher, P. J. Petukhov, A. K. Saam, B. Walker, T. G. TI Comment on "Enhanced polarization and mechanisms in optically pumped hyperpolarized He-3 in the presence of He-4" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Editorial Material ID RELAXATION AB Chen et al. [Phys. Rev. A 81, 033422 (2010)] claim that adding He-4 to spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) cells confines He-3 atoms to a diffusion-limited region, which effectively reduces the wall relaxation factor X. Here X is a phenomenological parameter used to characterize typical SEOP cells; it quantifies the observation that the measured linear slope of the relaxation rate with alkali-metal-atom density exceeds the spin-exchange rate. In addition they claim to demonstrate that magnetic-field gradients cause a diffusive motion of He-3. We argue that these claims and other central conclusions drawn by Chen et al. [Phys. Rev. A 81, 033422 (2010)] are inconsistent with the physics of diffusion or should not be made from the data as presented. We also draw attention to several additional issues associated with the results, analysis, and presentation of data in Chen et al. [Phys. Rev. A 81, 033422 (2010)] that confound clear interpretation. C1 [Gentile, T. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hayden, M. E.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Nacher, P. J.] UPMC, CNRS, ENS, Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75005 Paris, France. [Petukhov, A. K.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Saam, B.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Walker, T. G.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Gentile, TR (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.gentile@nist.gov RI Walker, Thad/N-5590-2014 OI Walker, Thad/0000-0002-0996-3351 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 24 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 1 AR 017401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.88.017401 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 188SZ UT WOS:000322215200013 ER PT J AU Kim, S Dura, JA Page, KA Rowe, BW Yager, KG Lee, HJ Soles, CL AF Kim, Sangcheol Dura, Joseph A. Page, Kirt A. Rowe, Brandon W. Yager, Kevin G. Lee, Hae-Jeong Soles, Christopher L. TI Surface-Induced Nanostructure and Water Transport of Thin Proton-Conducting Polymer Films SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; FUEL-CELLS; NAFION MEMBRANES; INTERFACE; REFLECTIVITY; PERFORMANCE; ADSORPTION; DYNAMICS; VAPOR AB We quantify the interfacial nanostructure and corresponding water transport kinetics in thin films of Nafion which are known to show nonbulk like transport properties using neutron reflectivity (NR) and quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements integrated with in-situ, controlled relative humidity environments. Rigorous fitting of the NR data under humidified conditions reveals that a hydrophilic organosilicate substrate induces an interfacial layering of the water transport domains parallel to the substrate whereas the hydrophobic organosilicate analogue does not trigger this interfacial ordering. The interfacial layering on the hydrophilic substrate is accompanied by an excess in the total mass of water absorption as verified by QCM measurements. The excess water in the thin Nafion films is quantitatively consistent with the segregation amounts and length scales quantified by NR. However, we do not observe strong differences in the water transport kinetics in thin Nafion films where the volume fraction of the materials with the water transport oriented parallel substrate, orthogonal to the primary direction of transport, is on the order of approximate to 7 vol %; to a first approximation the majority of the transport kinetics are similar on the hydrophilic (oriented) and hydrophobic (disordered) surfaces. C1 [Kim, Sangcheol; Page, Kirt A.; Rowe, Brandon W.; Lee, Hae-Jeong; Soles, Christopher L.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dura, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yager, Kevin G.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sangcheol.kim@nist.gov; kirt.page@nist.gov RI Yager, Kevin/F-9804-2011; Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008 OI Yager, Kevin/0000-0001-7745-2513; Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors thank Prof. R. M. Laine (University of Michigan and Mayaterials Inc.) for providing the OSG precursors, Dr. H. W. Ro for helping sample preparation, and Dr. W. L. Wu for helpful discussions on reflectivity data analyses. Research was carried out in part at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials and the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 63 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 23 PY 2013 VL 46 IS 14 BP 5630 EP 5637 DI 10.1021/ma400750f PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 191ML UT WOS:000322417100025 ER PT J AU Azuah, RT Diallo, SO Adams, MA Kirichek, O Glyde, HR AF Azuah, R. T. Diallo, S. O. Adams, M. A. Kirichek, O. Glyde, H. R. TI Phonon-roton modes of liquid He-4 beyond the roton in the porous medium MCM-41 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SUPERFLUID HE-4; COLLECTIVE EXCITATIONS; ELEMENTARY EXCITATIONS; SILICA AEROGELS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; HELIUM FILMS; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; VYCOR AB We present neutron scattering measurements of the phonon-roton (P-R) mode of superfluid He-4 confined in 47 angstrom MCM-41 at T = 0.5 K at wave vectors, Q, beyond the roton wave vector (Q(R) = 1.92 angstrom(-1)). Measurements beyond the roton require access to high wave vectors (up to Q = 4 angstrom(-1)) with excellent energy resolution and high statistical precision. Only one previous measurement in porous media (in aerogel) with low statistical precision has been reported. At T = 0.5 K, we find that the P-R mode in MCM-41 extends out to wave vector Q similar or equal to 3.6 angstrom(-1), with the same energy and zero width (within precision) as observed in bulk superfluid He-4. Layer modes in the roton region are also observed. Specifically, the P-R mode energy, omega(Q), increases with Q for Q > Q(R) and reaches a plateau at a maximum energy omega(Q) = 2 Delta where Delta is the roton energy, Delta = 0.74 +/- 0.01 meV in MCM-41. This upper limit means the P-R mode decays to two rotons if its energy exceeds 2 Delta. It also means that the P-R mode does not decay to two-layers modes. If the P-R could decay to two-layer modes, omega(Q) would plateau at a lower energy, omega(Q) = 2 Delta(L), where Delta(L) = 0.60 meV is the energy of the roton-like minimum of the layer mode. Rather the P-R mode and the layer modes observed in porous media appear to be quite different modes with little interaction between them. C1 [Azuah, R. T.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Azuah, R. T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Diallo, S. O.; Glyde, H. R.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Adams, M. A.; Kirichek, O.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Spallat Neutron Source, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Azuah, RT (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Diallo, Souleymane/B-3111-2016 OI Diallo, Souleymane/0000-0002-3369-8391 FU DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [ER46680] FX It is a pleasure to acknowledge the support of the ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK, and Richard Down for valuable technical assistance at ISIS. This work was supported by the DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. ER46680. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 22 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 2 AR 024510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.024510 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 187JD UT WOS:000322112700006 ER PT J AU Sallis, S Scanlon, DO Chae, SC Quackenbush, NF Fischer, DA Woicik, JC Guo, JH Cheong, SW Piper, LFJ AF Sallis, S. Scanlon, D. O. Chae, S. C. Quackenbush, N. F. Fischer, D. A. Woicik, J. C. Guo, J. -H. Cheong, S. W. Piper, L. F. J. TI La-doped BaSnO3-Degenerate perovskite transparent conducting oxide: Evidence from synchrotron x-ray spectroscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOEMISSION; PARAMETERS; SPECTRA AB We report direct evidence of conduction band filling in 3% La-doped BaSnO3 using hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Direct comparisons with hybrid density functional theory calculations support a 3.2 eV indirect band gap. The use of hybrid DFT is verified by excellent agreement between our photoelectron spectra and O K-edge x-ray emission and absorption spectra. Our experimental and computational results demonstrate that the conduction band is primarily of Sn 5s orbital character with little O 2p contribution, which is a prerequisite for designing a perovskite-based transparent conducting oxide. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Sallis, S.; Piper, L. F. J.] SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Scanlon, D. O.] UCL, Dept Chem, London WC1H 0AJ, England. [Chae, S. C.; Cheong, S. W.] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Ctr Emergent Mat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Chae, S. C.; Cheong, S. W.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Quackenbush, N. F.; Piper, L. F. J.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Fischer, D. A.; Woicik, J. C.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guo, J. -H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sallis, S (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM d.scanlon@ucl.ac.uk; lpiper@binghamton.edu RI Scanlon, David/B-1516-2008; Sallis, Shawn/E-6258-2012; Piper, Louis/C-2960-2011 OI Scanlon, David/0000-0001-9174-8601; Sallis, Shawn/0000-0002-8443-4951; Piper, Louis/0000-0002-3421-3210 FU Binghamton University; Analytical and Diagnostics Laboratory Small Grant program at Binghamton University; Ramsay Memorial Trust; University College London; National Science Foundation [DMR-1104484]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DEAC02-98CH10886]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; EPSRC [EP/K000144/1, EP/K000136/1, EP/F067496] FX We would like to thank Jeremiah Dederick for Hall measurements of our samples. L.F.J.P. gratefully acknowledges startup funding from Binghamton University. Additional support for the XPS measurements was provided by the Analytical and Diagnostics Laboratory Small Grant program at Binghamton University. D.O.S. is grateful to the Ramsay Memorial Trust and University College London for the provision of a Ramsay Fellowship. Work at Rutgers was supported by National Science Foundation DMR-1104484. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DEAC02-98CH10886. Beamline X24a is supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The calculations presented here made use of the UCL Legion HPC Facility, the IRIDIS cluster provided by the EPSRC funded Centre for Innovation (EP/K000144/1 and EP/K000136/1), and the HECToR supercomputer through membership of the UK's HPC Materials Chemistry Consortium, which is funded by EPSRC grant EP/F067496. NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 81 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 22 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 4 AR 042105 DI 10.1063/1.4816511 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 191IM UT WOS:000322406600044 ER PT J AU Pandey, A Ueland, BG Yeninas, S Kreyssig, A Sapkota, A Zhao, Y Helton, JS Lynn, JW McQueeney, RJ Furukawa, Y Goldman, AI Johnston, DC AF Pandey, Abhishek Ueland, B. G. Yeninas, S. Kreyssig, A. Sapkota, A. Zhao, Yang Helton, J. S. Lynn, J. W. McQueeney, R. J. Furukawa, Y. Goldman, A. I. Johnston, D. C. TI Coexistence of Half-Metallic Itinerant Ferromagnetism with Local-Moment Antiferromagnetism in Ba0.60K0.40Mn2As2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; WEAK FERROMAGNETISM; IRON PNICTIDES AB Magnetization, nuclear magnetic resonance, high-resolution x-ray diffraction, and magnetic field-dependent neutron diffraction measurements reveal a novel magnetic ground state of Ba0.60K0.40Mn2As2 in which itinerant ferromagnetism (FM) below a Curie temperature T-C approximate to 100 K arising from the doped conduction holes coexists with collinear antiferromagnetism (AFM) of the Mn local moments that order below a Neel temperature T-N 480 K. The FM ordered moments are aligned in the tetragonal ab plane and are orthogonal to the AFM ordered Mn moments that are aligned along the c axis. The magnitude and nature of the low-T FM ordered moment correspond to complete polarization of the doped-hole spins (half-metallic itinerant FM) as deduced from magnetization and ab-plane electrical resistivity measurements. C1 [Pandey, Abhishek; Ueland, B. G.; Yeninas, S.; Kreyssig, A.; Sapkota, A.; McQueeney, R. J.; Furukawa, Y.; Goldman, A. I.; Johnston, D. C.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Pandey, Abhishek; Ueland, B. G.; Yeninas, S.; Kreyssig, A.; Sapkota, A.; McQueeney, R. J.; Furukawa, Y.; Goldman, A. I.; Johnston, D. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Zhao, Yang; Helton, J. S.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Yang] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Pandey, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM apandey@ameslab.gov; johnston@ameslab.gov RI Ueland, Benjamin/B-2312-2008; Pandey, Abhishek /M-5679-2015; McQueeney, Robert/A-2864-2016 OI Ueland, Benjamin/0000-0001-9784-6595; Pandey, Abhishek /0000-0003-2839-1720; McQueeney, Robert/0000-0003-0718-5602 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX The authors wish to thank J. Lamsal, G.S. Tucker, W. Jayasekara, M.G. Kim, T.W. Heitmann, and W. E. Straszheim for their assistance in the early stages of this project. We also thank V.P. Antropov, B.N. Harmon and A. Kaminski for useful discussions. The research at Ames Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. Ames Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 22 PY 2013 VL 111 IS 4 AR 047001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.047001 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 187KF UT WOS:000322116100014 PM 23931395 ER PT J AU Weiland, C Rumaiz, AK Price, J Lysaght, P Woick, JC AF Weiland, C. Rumaiz, A. K. Price, J. Lysaght, P. Woick, J. C. TI Passivation of In0.53Ga0.47As/ZrO2 interfaces by AlN atomic layer deposition process SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE PASSIVATION; SEMICONDUCTORS; OXIDATION; DEVICES; AL2O3; GAAS; XPS AB Reducing defects at III-V/high-k interfaces is essential for optimizing devices built on these materials. Here, the role of an interfacial AlN process at In0.53Ga0.47As/ZrO2 interfaces is investigated by hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) and capacitance/voltage (C-V) measurements. C-V measurements show a significant reduction in the density of interface traps with the interfacial AlN process and a capping TiN layer. To elucidate the specific role of the AlN process, blanket films with various deposition processes are compared. The AlN process alone (without subsequent dielectric deposition) reduces InGaAs oxide levels below the HAXPES detection limit, even though the AlN is ultimately found to be oxidized into AlOx with only trace N incorporation, yet AlN passivation provides a lower D-it (density of interface traps) when compared with an H2O-based Al2O3 deposition. The AlN process does not passivate against re-oxidation of the InGaAs during an O-3 based ZrO2 deposition process, but it does provide passivation against As-As development during subsequent TiN deposition. The role of chemical defects in the C-V characteristics is also discussed. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Weiland, C.; Woick, J. C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rumaiz, A. K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Price, J.; Lysaght, P.] SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Weiland, C (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cweiland@bnl.gov RI Weiland, Conan/K-4840-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 21 PY 2013 VL 114 IS 3 AR 034107 DI 10.1063/1.4815934 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 188OQ UT WOS:000322202700084 ER PT J AU Langford, TJ Bass, CD Beise, EJ Breuer, H Erwin, DK Heimbach, CR Nico, JS AF Langford, T. J. Bass, C. D. Beise, E. J. Breuer, H. Erwin, D. K. Heimbach, C. R. Nico, J. S. TI Event identification in He-3 proportional counters using risetime discrimination SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Helium proportional counters; Neutron detectors; Thermal neutrons; Pulse shape discrimination; Particle identification; Microdischarges ID PARTIAL DISCHARGES; SPECTROMETER; NEUTRONS; EMISSION AB We present a straightforward method for particle identification and background rejection in He-3 proportional counters for use in neutron detection. By measuring the risetime and pulse height of the preamplifier signals, one may define a region in the risetime versus pulse height space where the events are predominately from neutron interactions. For six proportional counters surveyed in a low-background environment, we demonstrate the ability to reject alpha-particle events with an efficiency of 99%. By applying the same method, we also show an effective rejection of microdischarge noise events that, when passed through a shaping amplifier, are indistinguishable from physical events in the counters. The primary application of this method is in measurements where the signal-to-background for counting neutrons is very low, such as in underground laboratories. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Langford, T. J.; Beise, E. J.; Breuer, H.; Erwin, D. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Langford, T. J.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bass, C. D.; Heimbach, C. R.; Nico, J. S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Langford, TJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM tlangfor@umd.edu OI Langford, Thomas/0000-0001-5953-5294 FU NSF [0809696]; National Institute for Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program Award through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H026] FX We thank Vladimir Gavrin and Johnrid Abdurashitov of the Institute for Nuclear Research - Russian Academy of Sciences for useful discussions. We acknowledge the NIST Center for Neutron Research for the loan of the 3He proportional counters used in this study. We also acknowledge KURF and Lhoist North America, especially Mark Luxbacher, for providing us access to the underground site and logistical support. The research has been partially supported by NSF Grant 0809696. T. Langford acknowledges support under the National Institute for Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program Award 70NANB10H026 through the University of Maryland. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2013 VL 717 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2013.03.062 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 148OL UT WOS:000319254700008 ER PT J AU Hamadani, BH Roller, J Dougherty, B Persaud, F Yoon, HW AF Hamadani, Behrang H. Roller, John Dougherty, Brian Persaud, Fiona Yoon, Howard W. TI Absolute spectral responsivity measurements of solar cells by a hybrid optical technique SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID MEASUREMENT SYSTEM; CALIBRATION; EFFICIENCY AB An irradiance mode, absolute differential spectral response measurement system for solar cells is presented. The system is based on combining the monochromator-based approach of determining the power mode spectral responsivity of cells with an LED-based measurement to construct a curve representing the light-overfilled absolute spectral response of the entire cell. This curve can be used to predict the short-circuit current (I-sc) of the cell under the AM 1.5 standard reference spectrum. The measurement system is SI-traceable via detectors with primary calibrations linked to the NIST absolute cryogenic radiometer. An uncertainty analysis of the methodology places the relative uncertainty of the calculated I-sc at better than +/- 0.8%. C1 [Hamadani, Behrang H.; Roller, John; Dougherty, Brian] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Persaud, Fiona] Newport Corp, Stratford, CT 06615 USA. [Yoon, Howard W.] NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hamadani, BH (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM behrang.hamadani@nist.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 32 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 21 BP 5184 EP 5193 DI 10.1364/AO.52.005184 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 185ZV UT WOS:000322011600019 PM 23872765 ER PT J AU Lindo-Atichati, D Bringas, F Goni, G AF Lindo-Atichati, David Bringas, Francis Goni, Gustavo TI Loop Current excursions and ring detachments during 1993-2009 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; VARIABILITY; OCEAN; CIRCULATION; ALTIMETRY AB Linkages between the variability of Loop Current (LC) surface dynamics, LC ring detachments, and the mean sea height anomaly in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) are explored using a new methodology that locates the LC fronts and detects the shedding of LC rings. Based on satellite altimetry observations and dynamic height gradient, this methodology allows the determination of the dynamic structure in the region from 1993 to 2009. Northward penetration of the LC was found to be seasonal, with a tendency to increase during the spring and peaking in summer. Whereas northward oscillations exhibit ranges of 4 degrees of latitude, the range of westward oscillations is 6 degrees of longitude. Using the newly developed methodology, 28 LC rings are identified and described during 19932009. Starting in 2003, the LC is located more to the north on average, and the average number of LC rings formed per year increases. Since 2003, a significant increase in sea height residuals in the GOM has been observed, exhibiting a linear trend of 2.78 +/- 0.26cm/decade for the period 19932009. It is hypothesized here that the increase observed in sea height residuals is linked to the increase in mesoscale activity (LC northward intrusions and number of rings shed) obtained from satellite altimetry observations. Results shown here complement previous observational studies in the region, cover a longer time span, and define objectively the locations of the LC front and the shedding of the rings. C1 [Lindo-Atichati, David] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lindo-Atichati, David; Bringas, Francis; Goni, Gustavo] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lindo-Atichati, David] Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Fac Ciencias Mar, Las Palmas Gran Canaria 35017, Spain. RP Lindo-Atichati, D (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM dlindo@rsmas.miami.edu RI LINDO-ATICHATI, DAVID/K-2522-2014; Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012; Bringas, Francis/C-4442-2013 OI LINDO-ATICHATI, DAVID/0000-0003-4299-1589; Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170; FU NOAA/AOML FX The altimeter products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs (Segment sol multimissions d'Altimetrie, d'Orbitographie et de localisation precise/Developing Use of Altimetry for Climate Studies) and distributed by AVISO, with support from Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). The authors are grateful to P. Sangra and A. Lugo-Fernandez, and to Elizabeth Johns and Sang-Ki Lee from the NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) for providing suggestions and comments that have improved the article. This work was supported by NOAA/AOML. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JUL 20 PY 2013 VL 34 IS 14 BP 5042 EP 5053 DI 10.1080/01431161.2013.787504 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 127WC UT WOS:000317728600009 ER PT J AU Wu, H Chua, YS Krungleviciute, V Tyagi, M Chen, P Yildirim, T Zhou, W AF Wu, Hui Chua, Yong Shen Krungleviciute, Vaiva Tyagi, Madhusudan Chen, Ping Yildirim, Taner Zhou, Wei TI Unusual and Highly Tunable Missing-Linker Defects in Zirconium Metal-Organic Framework UiO-66 and Their Important Effects on Gas Adsorption SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POROUS COORDINATION POLYMER; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; METHANE STORAGE; LIGAND; STABILIZATION; STABILITY; HYDROGEN; FUTURE AB UiO-66 is a highly important prototypical zirconium metal-organic framework (MOF) compound because of its excellent stabilities not typically found in common porous MOFs. In its perfect crystal structure, each Zr metal center is fully coordinated by 12 organic linkers to form a highly connected framework. Using high-resolution neutron power diffraction technique, we found the first direct structural evidence showing that real UiO-66 material contains significant amount of missing-linker defects, an unusual phenomenon for MOFs. The concentration of the missing-linker defects is surprisingly high, similar to 10% in our sample, effectively reducing the framework connection from 12 to similar to 11. We show that by varying the concentration of the acetic acid modulator and the synthesis time, the linker vacancies can be tuned systematically, leading to dramatically enhanced porosity. We obtained samples with pore volumes ranging from 0.44 to 1.0 cm(3)/g and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas ranging from 1000 to 1600 m(2)/g, the largest values of which are similar to 150% and similar to 60% higher than the theoretical values of defect-free UiO-66 crystal, respectively. The linker vacancies also have profound effects on the gas adsorption behaviors of UiO-66, in particular CO2. Finally, comparing the gas adsorption of hydroxylated and dehydroxylated UiO-66, we found that the former performs systematically better than the latter (particularly for CO2) suggesting the beneficial effect of the -OH groups. This finding is of great importance because hydroxylated UiO-66 is the practically more relevant, non-air-sensitive form of this MOF. The preferred gas adsorption on the metal center was confirmed by neutron diffraction measurements, and the gas binding strength enhancement by the -OH group was further supported by our first-principles calculations. C1 [Wu, Hui; Chua, Yong Shen; Krungleviciute, Vaiva; Tyagi, Madhusudan; Yildirim, Taner; Zhou, Wei] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui; Tyagi, Madhusudan; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chua, Yong Shen; Chen, Ping] Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China. [Krungleviciute, Vaiva; Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Zhou, W (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wzhou@nist.gov RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; Chua, Yong Shen/J-3551-2016 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; FU CAS [KJCX2-YW-H21]; U.S. Department of Energy through BES [DE-FG02-08ER46522]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX Y.S.C. thanks NIST for supporting his one-year visit as a postdoctoral guest researcher. P.C. acknowledges partial support from Knowledge Innovation Program of CAS (KJCX2-YW-H21). T.Y. acknowledges partial support from the U.S. Department of Energy through BES Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46522. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 38 TC 214 Z9 216 U1 83 U2 512 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 17 PY 2013 VL 135 IS 28 BP 10525 EP 10532 DI 10.1021/ja404514r PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 187FT UT WOS:000322103000064 PM 23808838 ER PT J AU Dong, L Jiang, L Pu, H AF Dong, Lin Jiang, Lei Pu, Han TI Fulde-Ferrell pairing instability in spin-orbit coupled Fermi gas SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL ATOMS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; CROSSOVER; STATE; BCS AB We consider finite-momentum pairing of a superfluid ultracold Fermi gas subject to spin-orbit coupling and an effective Zeeman field. Based on our two-body and mean-field many-body calculations, we show that the Fulde-Ferrell-type superfluid dominates in both zero- and finite-temperature phase diagrams. We examine the origin and properties of this novel phase systematically. C1 [Dong, Lin; Pu, Han] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Dong, Lin; Pu, Han] Rice Univ, Rice Quantum Inst, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Jiang, Lei] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jiang, Lei] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pu, H (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. EM hpu@rice.edu RI Pu, Han/F-2318-2011 OI Pu, Han/0000-0002-0018-3076 FU NSF; Welch Foundation [C-1669]; DARPA OLE program FX HP was supported by the NSF, the Welch Foundation (grant no. C-1669) and the DARPA OLE program. We thank Hui Hu and Xia-ji Liu for stimulating discussions, Xiangfa Zhou and Wei Yi for helpful comments and B Ramachandhran for the help in improving the quality of some figures. We thank Wei Yi for sending us their preprint [46] in which they investigated the same system from a grand canonical ensemble approach. The essential results of our works agree with each other. NR 53 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JUL 17 PY 2013 VL 15 AR 075014 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/15/7/075014 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 185DK UT WOS:000321945200001 ER PT J AU Bohnet, JG Chen, ZL Weiner, JM Cox, KC Thompson, JK AF Bohnet, Justin G. Chen, Zilong Weiner, Joshua M. Cox, Kevin C. Thompson, James K. TI Active and passive sensing of collective atomic coherence in a superradiant laser SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM MEMORY; LATTICE CLOCK; SINGLE-ATOM; ENTANGLEMENT; ENSEMBLES; CAVITY; STATE; LIMIT AB We study the nondemolition mapping of collective quantum coherence onto a cavity light field in a superradiant, cold-atom Rb-87 Raman laser. We show theoretically that the fundamental precision of the mapping is near the standard quantum limit on phase estimation for a coherent spin state, Delta phi = 1/root N, where N is the number of atoms. The associated characteristic measurement time scale tau(W) proportional to 1/N is collectively enhanced. The nondemolition nature of the measurement is characterized by only 0.5 photon recoils deposited per atom due to optical repumping in a time tau(W). We experimentally realize conditional Ramsey spectroscopy in our superradiant Raman laser, compare the results to the predicted precision, and study the mapping in the presence of decoherence, far from the steady-state conditions previously considered. Finally, we demonstrate a hybrid mode of operation in which the laser is repeatedly toggled between active and passive sensing. C1 [Bohnet, Justin G.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bohnet, JG (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM bohnet@jilau1.colorado.edu RI Chen, Zilong/H-3405-2011 OI Chen, Zilong/0000-0003-4467-8537 FU NSF PFC; NIST; ARO; DARPA QuASAR; NSF GRF; A*STAR Singapore; National Science Foundation [1125844] FX We thank Jun Ye, Murray Holland, Dominic Meiser, and David Tieri for enlightening conversations. All authors acknowledge financial support from NSF PFC, NIST, ARO, and DARPA QuASAR. J.G.B. acknowledges support from NSF GRF, and Z.C. acknowledges support from A*STAR Singapore. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1125844. NR 55 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 17 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 1 AR 013826 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.88.013826 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 184WQ UT WOS:000321924800004 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Chen, MY Hoerling, M Eischeid, J AF Kumar, Arun Chen, Mingyue Hoerling, Martin Eischeid, Jon TI Do extreme climate events require extreme forcings? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE climate extremes ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; FORECAST SYSTEM; VARIABILITY; ANOMALIES; PREDICTABILITY AB The question whether extreme climate events require extreme forcings is assessed for the severe Great Plains drought during May-July 2012. This drought event had a rapid onset, and little indications or early warnings for its sudden emergence existed. The analysis of its origins is based on a dynamical seasonal climate forecast system where states of the ocean, atmosphere, land, sea ice, and atmospheric trace gases were initialized in late April 2012, and an ensemble of forecasts was made. Based on the diagnosis of a spectrum of possible outcomes for precipitation over the Great Plains from this system, it is concluded that the extreme Great Plains drought did not require extreme external forcings and could plausibly have arisen from atmospheric noise alone. Implications for developing early warning system for extreme events in general are also discussed. C1 [Kumar, Arun; Chen, Mingyue] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Hoerling, Martin; Eischeid, Jon] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM arun.kumar@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 13 BP 3440 EP 3445 DI 10.1002/grl.50657 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 244NQ UT WOS:000326396600036 ER PT J AU Ault, TR Deser, C Newman, M Emile-Geay, J AF Ault, T. R. Deser, C. Newman, M. Emile-Geay, J. TI Characterizing decadal to centennial variability in the equatorial Pacific during the last millennium SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ENSO; decadal variability; tropical Pacific; linear inverse model; paleoclimate; last millennium ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; PAST MILLENNIUM; EL-NINO; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; SST VARIABILITY; NORTH PACIFIC; PART I; MODEL; ENSO AB The magnitude of sea surface temperature variability in the NINO3.4 region of the equatorial Pacific on decadal and longer timescales is assessed in observational data, state-of-the-art (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5) climate model simulations, and a new ensemble of paleoclimate reconstructions. On decadal to multidecadal timescales, variability in these records is consistent with the null hypothesis that it arises from "multivariate red noise" (a multivariate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process) generated from a linear inverse model of tropical ocean-atmosphere dynamics. On centennial and longer timescales, both a last millennium simulation performed using the Community Climate System Model 4 (CCSM4) and the paleoclimate reconstructions have variability that is significantly stronger than the null hypothesis. However, the time series of the model and the reconstruction do not agree with each other. In the model, variability primarily reflects a thermodynamic response to reconstructed solar and volcanic activity, whereas in the reconstruction, variability arises from either internal climate processes, forced responses that differ from those in CCSM4, or nonclimatic proxy processes that are not yet understood. These findings imply that the response of the tropical Pacific to future forcings may be even more uncertain than portrayed by state-of-the-art models because there are potentially important sources of century-scale variability that these models do not simulate. C1 [Ault, T. R.; Deser, C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Newman, M.] NOAA, ESRL, PSD, Boulder, CO USA. [Newman, M.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, CDC, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Emile-Geay, J.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Ault, TR (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM ault@ucar.edu RI Emile-Geay, Julien/B-1102-2010; Newman, Matthew /F-8336-2010 OI Emile-Geay, Julien/0000-0001-5920-4751; Newman, Matthew /0000-0001-5348-2312 FU NCAR/ASP Fellowship; NOAA CVP; National Science Foundation FX We thank Julia E. Cole and Bette Otto-Bliesner for insights and comments. Work was partly supported by an NCAR/ASP Fellowship (to T. Ault) and NOAA CVP (M. Newman). NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 52 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 13 BP 3450 EP 3456 DI 10.1002/grl.50647 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 244NQ UT WOS:000326396600040 ER PT J AU Sorooshian, A Wang, Z Coggon, MM Jonsson, HH Ervens, B AF Sorooshian, Armin Wang, Zhen Coggon, Matthew M. Jonsson, Haflidi H. Ervens, Barbara TI Observations of Sharp Oxalate Reductions in Stratocumulus Clouds at Variable Altitudes: Organic Acid and Metal Measurements During the 2011 E-PEACE Campaign SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA RADIATION FOGS; DROP-SIZE-DEPENDENCE; AEROSOL FORMATION; AQUEOUS PHOTOOXIDATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MARINE ATMOSPHERE; OXALIC-ACID; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; CHEMISTRY; SULFATE AB This work examines organic acid and metal concentrations in northeastern Pacific Ocean stratocumulus cloudwater samples collected by the CIRPAS Twin Otter between July and August 2011. Correlations between a suite of various monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acid concentrations are consistent with documented aqueous-phase mechanistic relationships leading up to oxalate production. Monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids exhibited contrasting spatial profiles reflecting their different sources; the former were higher in concentration near the continent due to fresh organic emissions. Concentrations of sea salt crustal tracer species, oxalate, and malonate were positively correlated with low-level wind speed suggesting that an important route for oxalate and malonate entry in cloudwater is via some combination of association with coarse particles and gaseous precursors emitted from the ocean surface. Three case flights show that oxalate (and no other organic acid) concentrations drop by nearly an order of magnitude relative to samples in the same vicinity. A consistent feature in these cases was an inverse relationship between oxalate and several metals (Fe, Mn, K, Na, Mg, Ca), especially Fe. By means of box model studies we show that the loss of oxalate due to the photolysis of iron oxalato complexes is likely a significant oxalate sink in the study region due to the ubiquity of oxalate precursors, clouds, and metal emissions from ships, the ocean, and continental sources. C1 [Sorooshian, Armin; Wang, Zhen] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Coggon, Matthew M.] CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91126 USA. [Jonsson, Haflidi H.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Ervens, Barbara] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ervens, Barbara] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sorooshian, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM armin@email.arizona.edu RI Coggon, Matthew/I-8604-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Coggon, Matthew/0000-0002-5763-1925; Sorooshian, Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264 FU ONR [N00014-10-1-0811, N00014-11-1-0783, N00014-10-1-0200]; NOAA's Climate Goal FX This work was funded by ONR grants N00014-10-1-0811, N00014-11-1-0783, and N00014-10-1-0200. We acknowledge Dean Hegg for providing the cloudwater collector. We gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and READY website (http://ready.arl.noaa. gov) used in this publication. BE acknowledges support from NOAA's Climate Goal. NR 84 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 16 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 14 BP 7747 EP 7756 DI 10.1021/es4012383 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 186QS UT WOS:000322059800023 PM 23786214 ER PT J AU Wei, WJ Howard-Reed, C Persily, A Zhang, YP AF Wei, Wenjuan Howard-Reed, Cynthia Persily, Andrew Zhang, Yinping TI Standard Formaldehyde Source for Chamber Testing of Material Emissions: Model Development, Experimental Evaluation, and Impacts of Environmental Factors SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; POROUS BUILDING-MATERIALS; HENRYS LAW CONSTANT; VOC EMISSIONS; TEMPERATURE; COEFFICIENT; PARAMETERS; ALDEHYDES AB Formaldehyde, which is recognized as a harmful indoor air pollutant for human health, is emitted mainly from urea formaldehyde resin in wood products. Chamber tests are used to evaluate formaldehyde emission rates from these products. However, there is no available formaldehyde standard reference emission source to assess the performance of chamber testing systems. In this work, a LIFE (liquid-inner tube diffusion-film-emission) formaldehyde reference is described. The formaldehyde source consists of a polytetra-fluoroethene (PTFE) tube that holds a formaldehyde-water solution with a concentration of 16 g formaldehyde per 100 mL water, with a thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film cover. Formaldehyde emission parameters for the PDMS film (diffusion coefficient and partition coefficient) were determined experimentally, thereby enabling the prediction of the formaldehyde emissions from the source for use as a reference value in a chamber. Chamber tests were conducted in a 51 L stainless steel ventilated chamber. The impacts of temperature and relative humidity on the emissions were investigated Results show the LIFE's chamber test results match those predicted by a mass transfer model. As a result, this formaldehyde source may be used to generate a reference concentration in product emission testing chambers, thereby providing a powerful tool to evaluate the performance of the chamber testing systems. C1 [Wei, Wenjuan; Zhang, Yinping] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Wei, Wenjuan; Howard-Reed, Cynthia; Persily, Andrew] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wei, WJ (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM wei-wj09@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn RI Zhang, Yinping/B-5187-2012 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [50725620, 51106011]; National Science and Technology Support Program [2012BAJ02B01] FX We are grateful to Dustin Poppendieck of the National Institute of Standards and Technology for his helpful comments and suggestions. The participation of Wenjuan Wei and Yinping Zhang in this research was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 50725620 and 51106011) and by the National Science and Technology Support Program (No. 2012BAJ02B01) projects. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 64 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 16 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 14 BP 7848 EP 7854 DI 10.1021/es400721j PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 186QS UT WOS:000322059800035 PM 23802904 ER PT J AU Lamsal, LN Martin, RV Parrish, DD Krotkov, NA AF Lamsal, L. N. Martin, R. V. Parrish, D. D. Krotkov, N. A. TI Scaling Relationship for NO2 Pollution and Urban Population Size: A Satellite Perspective SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; AIR-POLLUTION; NORTH-AMERICA; GLOBAL BURDEN; POWER-PLANTS; EMISSIONS; MORTALITY AB Concern is growing about the effects of urbanization on air pollution and health. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) released primarily from combustion processes, such as traffic, is a short-lived atmospheric pollutant that serves as an air-quality indicator and is itself a health concern. We derive a global distribution of ground-level NO2 concentrations from tropospheric NO2 columns retrieved from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). Local scaling factors from a three-dimensional chemistry-transport model (GEOS-Chem) are used to relate the OMI NO2 columns to ground-level concentrations. The OMI-derived surface NO2 data are significantly correlated (r = 0.69) with in situ surface measurements. We examine how the OMI-derived ground-level NO2 concentrations, OMI NO2 columns, and bottom-up NOx emission inventories relate to urban population. Emission hot spots, such as power plants, are excluded to focus on urban relationships. The correlation of surface NO2 with population is significant for the three countries and one continent examined here: United States (r = 0.71), Europe (r = 0.67), China (r = 0.69), and India (r = 0.59). Urban NO2 pollution, like other urban properties, is a power law scaling function of the population size: NO2 concentration increases proportional to population raised to an exponent. The value of the exponent varies by region from 0.36 for India to 0.66 for China, reflecting regional differences in industrial development and per capita emissions. It has been generally established that energy efficiency increases and, therefore, per capita NO emissions decrease with urban population; here, we show how outdoor ambient NO2 concentrations depend upon urban population in different global regions. C1 [Lamsal, L. N.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Lamsal, L. N.; Krotkov, N. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Martin, R. V.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. [Martin, R. V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Parrish, D. D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lamsal, LN (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. EM lok.lamsal@nasa.gov RI Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Krotkov, Nickolay/E-1541-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Krotkov, Nickolay/0000-0001-6170-6750; FU NASA's Earth Science Directorate Atmospheric Composition Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX We thank Aaron van Donkelaar for performing the GEOS-Chem nested simulation. The work was supported by NASA's Earth Science Directorate Atmospheric Composition Program and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. NR 53 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 5 U2 87 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 16 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 14 BP 7855 EP 7861 DI 10.1021/es400744g PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 186QS UT WOS:000322059800036 PM 23763377 ER PT J AU Yuter, SE Miller, MA Parker, MD Markowski, PM Richardson, Y Brooks, H Straka, JM AF Yuter, Sandra E. Miller, Matthew A. Parker, Matthew D. Markowski, Paul M. Richardson, Yvette Brooks, Harold Straka, Jerry M. TI Comment on "Why do tornados and hailstorms rest on weekends?" by D. Rosenfeld and T. Bell SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE supercell; tornado; aerosol; hail; weekly cycle ID REAR-FLANK DOWNDRAFTS; DESCENDING REFLECTIVITY CORES; RESOLUTION DUAL-DOPPLER; SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORMS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; SURFACE-ANALYSIS; PART I; STORM; TORNADOGENESIS; CLIMATOLOGY C1 [Yuter, Sandra E.; Miller, Matthew A.; Parker, Matthew D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Markowski, Paul M.; Richardson, Yvette] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Brooks, Harold] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Straka, Jerry M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Yuter, SE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM seyuter@ncsu.edu RI Parker, Matthew/A-5156-2008; Richardson, Yvette/G-5016-2013; Yuter, Sandra/E-8808-2015; OI Richardson, Yvette/0000-0002-4495-5074; Yuter, Sandra/0000-0002-3222-053X; Markowski, Paul/0000-0002-4295-3390 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE SC0006701]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX11AE98G]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0908420, ATM-0801035, AGS-1156123, AGS-1036237] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Systems Research grant DE SC0006701 (Yuter and Miller); the National Aeronautics and Space Administration grant NNX11AE98G (Yuter and Miller); and the National Science Foundation grants ATM-0908420 (Yuter), ATM-0801035 (Markowski, Richardson), AGS-1156123 (Parker), and AGS-1036237 (Straka). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 13 BP 7332 EP 7338 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50526 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 188KP UT WOS:000322192200029 ER PT J AU Bergamaschi, P Houweling, S Segers, A Krol, M Frankenberg, C Scheepmaker, RA Dlugokencky, E Wofsy, SC Kort, EA Sweeney, C Schuck, T Brenninkmeijer, C Chen, H Beck, V Gerbig, C AF Bergamaschi, P. Houweling, S. Segers, A. Krol, M. Frankenberg, C. Scheepmaker, R. A. Dlugokencky, E. Wofsy, S. C. Kort, E. A. Sweeney, C. Schuck, T. Brenninkmeijer, C. Chen, H. Beck, V. Gerbig, C. TI Atmospheric CH4 in the first decade of the 21st century: Inverse modeling analysis using SCIAMACHY satellite retrievals and NOAA surface measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE atmospheric CH4; CH4 emissions; interannual variability and trends ID GROWTH-RATE; METHANE EMISSIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; DATA ASSIMILATION; TRANSPORT MODEL; VARIABILITY; CHEMISTRY; CLIMATE; TROPOSPHERE AB The causes of renewed growth in the atmospheric CH4 burden since 2007 are still poorly understood and subject of intensive scientific discussion. We present a reanalysis of global CH4 emissions during the 2000s, based on the TM5-4DVAR inverse modeling system. The model is optimized using high-accuracy surface observations from NOAA ESRL's global air sampling network for 2000-2010 combined with retrievals of column-averaged CH4 mole fractions from SCIAMACHY onboard ENVISAT (starting 2003). Using climatological OH fields, derived global total emissions for 2007-2010 are 16-20 Tg CH4/yr higher compared to 2003-2005. Most of the inferred emission increase was located in the tropics (9-14 Tg CH4/yr) and mid- latitudes of the northern hemisphere (6-8 Tg CH4/yr), while no significant trend was derived for Arctic latitudes. The atmospheric increase can be attributed mainly to increased anthropogenic emissions, but the derived trend is significantly smaller than estimated in the EDGARv4.2 emission inventory. Superimposed on the increasing trend in anthropogenic CH4 emissions are significant inter-annual variations (IAV) of emissions from wetlands (up to +/- 10 Tg CH4/yr), and biomass burning (up to +/- 7 Tg CH4/yr). Sensitivity experiments, which investigated the impact of the SCIAMACHY observations (versus inversions using only surface observations), of the OH fields used, and of a priori emission inventories, resulted in differences in the detailed latitudinal attribution of CH4 emissions, but the IAV and trends aggregated over larger latitude bands were reasonably robust. All sensitivity experiments show similar performance against independent shipboard and airborne observations used for validation, except over Amazonia where satellite retrievals improved agreement with observations in the free troposphere. C1 [Bergamaschi, P.; Segers, A.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Houweling, S.; Krol, M.; Scheepmaker, R. A.] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Houweling, S.; Krol, M.] Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht IMAU, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Segers, A.] TNO, Netherlands Org Appl Sci Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Krol, M.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Meteorol & Air Qual Dept, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Frankenberg, C.; Kort, E. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Dlugokencky, E.; Sweeney, C.; Chen, H.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sweeney, C.; Chen, H.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schuck, T.; Brenninkmeijer, C.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Chen, H.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res, Groningen, Netherlands. [Beck, V.; Gerbig, C.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. RP Bergamaschi, P (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. EM peter.bergamaschi@jrc.ec.europa.eu RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Chen, Huilin/J-9479-2012; Gerbig, Christoph/L-3532-2013; Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013 OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Chen, Huilin/0000-0002-1573-6673; Gerbig, Christoph/0000-0002-1112-8603; Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857 FU European Commission [218793]; MACC-2 [283576]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work has been supported by the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) projects MACC under grant agreement 218793 and MACC-2 under grant agreement 283576. We are grateful to Philippe Le Sager for preprocessing the ECMWF meteorological data as TM5 input. We thank Greet Janssens-Maenhout for providing the EDGARv4.2 emission inventory and for the helpful comments on the manuscript and Christoph Bruhl for providing the stratospheric CH4 sinks from the ECHAM5/MESSy1 model. We thank ECMWF for providing computing resources under the special projects "Inverse Modelling of Atmospheric CH4 and N2O" (2009-2011) and "Global and Regional Inverse Modeling of Atmospheric CH4 and N2O" (2012-2014). Aircraft observations over SGP were supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM), ARM Aerial Facility, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program. NR 70 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 76 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 13 BP 7350 EP 7369 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50480 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 188KP UT WOS:000322192200032 ER PT J AU Obrzut, J Douglas, JF Kirillov, O Sharifi, F Liddle, JA AF Obrzut, Jan Douglas, Jack F. Kirillov, Oleg Sharifi, Fred Liddle, J. Alexander TI Resonant Microwave Absorption in Thermally Deposited Au Nanoparticle Films Near Percolation Coverage SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ANOMALOUS INFRARED-ABSORPTION; SEMICONTINUOUS METAL-FILMS; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; THRESHOLD; CONDUCTIVITY; COMPOSITE; FIELDS; RANGE AB We observe a resonant transition in the microwave absorption of thin thermally deposited Au nanoparticle films near the geometrical percolation transition Pc where the films exhibit a 'fractal' heterogeneous geometry. Absorption of incident microwave radiation increases sharply near p, consistent with effective medium theory predictions. Both the theory and our experiments indicate that the hierarchical structure of these films makes their absorption insensitive to the microwave radiation wavelength lambda, so that this singular absorption of microwave radiation is observed over a broad frequency range between 100 MHz and 20 GHz. The interaction of electromagnetic radiation with randomly distributed conductive scattering particles gives rise to localized resonant modes, and our measurements indicate that this adsorption process is significantly enhanced for microwaves in comparison to ordinary light. In particular, above the percolation transition a portion of the injected microwave power is stored within the film until dissipated. Finally, we find that the measured surface conductivity can be quantitatively described at all Au concentrations by generalized effective medium theory, where the fitted conductivity percolation exponents and p(c) itself are consistent with known two-dimensional estimates. Our results demonstrate that microwave measurements provide a powerful means of remotely measuring the electromagnetic properties of highly heterogeneous conducting films, enabling purposeful engineering of the electromagnetic properties of thin films in the microwave frequency range through fabrication of 'disordered' films of conducting particles such as metal nanoparticles or carbon nanotubes. C1 [Obrzut, Jan; Douglas, Jack F.; Kirillov, Oleg; Sharifi, Fred; Liddle, J. Alexander] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Obrzut, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jan.obrzut@nist.gov; jack.douglas@nist.gov RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; Obrzut, Jan/0000-0001-6667-9712 FU NIST Center of Nanoscience and Technology FX This work was supported in part by a research grant from the NIST Center of Nanoscience and Technology. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 16 PY 2013 VL 29 IS 28 BP 9010 EP 9015 DI 10.1021/la401753y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 186QR UT WOS:000322059700030 PM 23815370 ER PT J AU Singhal, G Panchang, VG Nelson, JA AF Singhal, Gaurav Panchang, Vijay G. Nelson, James A. TI Sensitivity assessment of wave heights to surface forcing in Cook Inlet, Alaska SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Simulating waves nearshore (SWAN); Environmental fluid dynamics code (EFDC); Cook Inlet; Coupled wind-wave current modeling; Sensitivity analysis ID COASTAL REGIONS; MODEL; PREDICTION; SYSTEM AB Strong tidal forcing combined with complex winds and currents make wave modeling quite challenging in Cook Inlet (CI), Alaska. Using a coupled wind-wave-current modeling approach, we conducted a sensitivity analysis of the environmental factors that impact the modeling predictive skill for waves. A depth-averaged circulation model forced by the winds, tides, and river input was shown to replicate measured flow velocities (NOAA data obtained in 2005) with high correlation coefficients (R-2 > 0.8). Wave-current interaction is examined by one-way and two-way coupling of the wave and circulation models for a 12-day period that included multiple storm events. On average, it is found that significant wave heights (5WHs), which were originally <2 m, increase by about 0.5 m in the presence of currents (with speeds up to 3 m/s). While the effect of currents on larger SWHs (> 2 m) was found to be minimal. On the other hand, the effect of waves on the currents was found to be marginal, which indicated that two-way coupling between the models may be unnecessary. Artificial adjustment to the currents (to account for possible errors and uncertainties in the circulation model such as baroclinic forcing, winds, and other effects) had only a small effect on the predicted SWHs resulting from the coupled model (< 10 cm, on average). On the other hand, errors in the wind-fields and wave open boundary conditions resulted in substantial errors in the modeled SWHs. Overall, the experiments carried out here suggest that for forecasting purposes, one-way coupling would be adequate; two-way coupling, albeit incorporating better physics, has less of an effect on the accuracy of the forecast than improved wind-fields. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Singhal, Gaurav; Panchang, Vijay G.] Texas A&M Univ, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Singhal, Gaurav; Panchang, Vijay G.] Texas A&M Univ, Coastal & Ocean Div, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. [Nelson, James A.] Natl Weather Serv, Anchorage Forecast Off, Anchorage, AK 99502 USA. RP Singhal, G (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, 200 Seawolf Pkwy, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. EM singhalg@tamu.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA10NWS4680006] FX This study is funded under Award no. NA10NWS4680006 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The efforts of the NCEP, in particular the kind cooperation of Dr. Hendrik Tolman, are invaluable. Dr. Peter Olsson and his research team provided access to the WRF data. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUL 15 PY 2013 VL 63 SU S SI SI BP S50 EP S62 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2012.02.007 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 202BP UT WOS:000323188800006 ER PT J AU Wang, XC Chao, Y Zhang, HC Farrara, J Li, ZJ Jin, X Park, K Colas, F McWilliams, JC Paternostro, C Shum, CK Yi, YC Schoch, C Olsson, P AF Wang, Xiaochun Chao, Yi Zhang, Hongchun Farrara, John Li, Zhijin Jin, Xin Park, Kyungeen Colas, Francois McWilliams, James C. Paternostro, Chris Shum, C. K. Yi, Yuchan Schoch, Carl Olsson, Peter TI Modeling tides and their influence on the circulation in Prince William Sound, Alaska SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Prince William Sound; Tides; Cyclonic gyre ID COASTAL OCEAN MODEL; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; BOUNDARY-CONDITION; SYSTEM; IMPLEMENTATION; FLOW; VARIABILITY; FORMULATION; SIMULATION; CURRENTS AB In the process of developing a real-time data-assimilating coastal ocean forecasting system for Prince William Sound, Alaska, tidal signal was added to a three-domain nested model for the region. The model, which is configured from the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), has 40 levels in the vertical direction and horizontal resolutions of 10.6 km, 3.6 km and 1.2 km for its three nested domains, respectively. In the present research, the ROMS tidal solution was validated using data from coastal tide gauges, satellite altimeters, high-frequency coastal radars, and Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) current surveys. The error of barotropic tides, as measured by the total root mean square discrepancy of eight major tidal constituents is 5.3 cm, or 5.6% of the tidal sea surface height variability in the open ocean. Along the coastal region, the total discrepancy is 9.6 cm, or 8.2% of the tidal sea surface height variability. Model tidal currents agree reasonably well with the observations. The influence of tides on the circulation was also investigated using numerical experiments. Besides tides, other types of forcing fields (heat flux, wind stress, evaporation minus precipitation, and freshwater discharge) were also included in the model. Our results indicate that tides play a significant role in shaping the mean circulation of the region. For the summer months, the tidal residual circulation tends to generate a cyclonic gyre in the central Sound. The net transport into the Sound through Hinchinbrook Entrance is reduced. Tides also increase the mixed layer depth in the Sound, especially during the winter months. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Xiaochun; Chao, Yi; Zhang, Hongchun; Farrara, John; Li, Zhijin; Jin, Xin] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Chao, Yi] Remote Sensing Solut Inc, Pasadena, CA 91107 USA. [Li, Zhijin; Park, Kyungeen] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Colas, Francois; McWilliams, James C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Paternostro, Chris] NOAA, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, NOS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Shum, C. K.; Yi, Yuchan] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Schoch, Carl] Alaska Ocean Observing Syst, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Olsson, Peter] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Alaska Expt Forecast Facil, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. RP Wang, XC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, 607 Charles E Young Dr East,Young Hall,Room 4242, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM xcwang@jifresse.ucla.edu RI Colas, Francois/B-4920-2012 OI Colas, Francois/0000-0002-5859-6586 FU Alaska Ocean Observing System (AOOS); NASA's Physical Oceanography Program under the Ocean Topography Science Team; PWSSC Project [10-10-09]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX The research was carried out, in part, by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The financial support was provided by the Alaska Ocean Observing System (AOOS). Dr. Jia Wang generously shared his code of the hydrological digital elevation model, which was modified and used in the present research. The IT support to the ROMS group at JPL was provided by Drs. Peggy Li and Quoc Vu. The Ohio State University research is supported by NASA's Physical Oceanography Program under the Ocean Topography Science Team. The long-term support from Drs. Emily Greene and Michael Lampel at the Pasadena office of Raytheon is acknowledged. Computations were performed on computers provided by the JPL Supercomputer Project and the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division at Ames Research Center. Wang would like to acknowledge the support from PWSSC Project 10-10-09 and the support from Profs. Guoxiong Wu and Yimin Liu from Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences during the summer of 2012. The comments from anonymous reviewers and the editor helped us greatly during the revision process. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUL 15 PY 2013 VL 63 SU S SI SI BP S126 EP S137 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2012.08.016 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 202BP UT WOS:000323188800011 ER PT J AU Glebov, BL Fan, J Migdall, A AF Glebov, Boris L. Fan, J. Migdall, A. TI Deterministic generation of single photons via multiplexing repetitive parametric downconversions SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC ENSEMBLES; LINEAR OPTICS; EFFICIENCY AB We show through Monte Carlo simulation, under realistic experimental conditions, that a system composed of just a few repetitive spontaneous parametric downconversion processes can approximate an on-demand single-photon source with nearly deterministic single-photon emission. C1 [Glebov, Boris L.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Glebov, BL (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM boris.glebov@nist.gov; jfan@nist.gov FU Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute; IC Postdoc Fellowship FX This research was supported in part by the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. B. L. G. acknowledges the support from the IC Postdoc Fellowship. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 3 AR 031115 DI 10.1063/1.4816059 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 187UM UT WOS:000322146300015 ER PT J AU Deshpande, AD Dockum, BW Cleary, T Farrington, C Wieczorek, D AF Deshpande, Ashok D. Dockum, Bruce W. Cleary, Thomas Farrington, Cameron Wieczorek, Daniel TI Bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in young-of-the-year bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) in the vicinity of a Superfund Site in New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts, and in the adjacent waters SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE New Bedford Harbor; YOY bluefish; PCBs; Organochlorine pesticides ID FISH FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; SEALS PHOCA-VITULINA; MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; SPATIAL VARIATION; THYROID-HORMONES; LARGEMOUTH BASS; PCB; CONGENERS; MUSCLE AB Spatial gradients of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides were examined in the young-of-the-year (YOY) bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) in the vicinity of a PCB Superfund Site in New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts, and in the adjacent waters. PCB concentrations in bluefish varied between different locations, and also among fish from a given location. A generally decreasing gradient in PCB concentrations was evident as the bluefish were collected away from the Superfund Site. The average sum of PCB concentrations were highest for bluefish collected in the Upper Harbor between Inter-state-195 Bridge and Coggeshall Street Bridge (Upper Harbor), followed by bluefish in Lower Harbor from north of Popes Island Bridge (Lower Harbor), and bluefish from Outer Harbor south of Hurricane Barrier (Outer Harbor). The levels of PCBs in bluefish from Clarks Cove and PCBs in bluefish from Buzzards Bay were similar and lowest among all bluefish specimens analyzed in the present study. Pesticide concentrations were about one order of magnitude or lower than the PCB concentrations, and the gradient of pesticide concentrations generally followed the gradient of PCB concentrations. Some of the commonly detected pesticides in the order of decreasing concentrations included DDTs and metabolites, heptachlor epoxide, endosulfan sulfate, and alpha-chlordane. Distribution of PCBs and sulfate, and alpha-chlordane. Distribution of PCBs and organochlorine pesticides were examined in the tissues of YOY bluefish from Clarks Cove. PCBs and lipids in the brain samples of YOY bluefish were generally numerically greater than PCBs in the liver samples, but these differences were not statistically significant. PCBs and lipids in hypaxial muscle samples were numerically greater than PCBs in epaxial muscle samples, although these two groups of tissues were not statistically different. Despite the higher susceptibility of lighter PCB homologs to geophysical and biogeochemical weathering processes, the relative dominance of lighter homologs in the Upper Harbor and Lower Harbor samples suggested ongoing or recent sources of these lighter PCBs, particularly Aroclor 1242 and Aroclor 1016 in this area. The presence of heavier homologs in the Upper Harbor and Lower Harbor bluefish samples could be attributed to Aroclor 1252 and Aroclor 1254 that were being used in relatively smaller quantities in the manufacture of electrical components in addition to Aroclor 1242 and Aroclor 1016. The concentration of heavier PCB homologs appears to increase in YOY bluefish the further away from the PCB Superfund Site in the Acushnet Estuary the samples were collected. Principal component analyses of PCB 153 normalized concentrations of the individual PCB congeners resulted in two general groupings; a relatively tight group comprised of YOY bluefish from Upper Harbor, Lower Harbor, and Outer Harbor, and a rather loose and more dispersed group comprised of Buzzards Bay bluefish and the tissue samples of bluefish from Clarks Cove. Principal component analyses of major pesticides suggested close groupings of bluefish from Clarks Cove and bluefish from Buzzards Bay. Pesticides in bluefish from Upper Harbor, Lower Harbor, and Outer Harbor formed a loose group, with some bluefish from these locations populating close to Clarks Cove and Buzzards Bay bluefish. Although PCBs have been implicated in various behavioral and health effects in the experimental and field studies, the deleterious effects of chronic exposure to high concentrations of PCBs and the potential for recruitment of New Bedford Harbor YOY bluefish population to the adult stock remains obscure. Adaptive or evolutionary resistance to contaminants have been documented in resident species in some highly contaminated estuaries, however similar responses have not been investigated in the migratory species like bluefish. The results of the present study provide a reference baseline for YOY bluefish for "before-and-after" comparative studies and other toxicological studies for the New Bedford Harbor Superfund Site that is currently being remediated. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Deshpande, Ashok D.; Dockum, Bruce W.; Cleary, Thomas; Farrington, Cameron; Wieczorek, Daniel] NOAA Fisheries, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab Sandy Hook, Highlands, NJ USA. RP Deshpande, AD (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab Sandy Hook, Highlands, NJ USA. EM ashok.deshpande@noaa.gov NR 52 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUL 15 PY 2013 VL 72 IS 1 BP 146 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.04.008 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 185AN UT WOS:000321937700031 PM 23664766 ER PT J AU Goldschmidt, EA Piacentini, F Berchera, IR Polyakov, SV Peters, S Kuck, S Brida, G Degiovanni, IP Migdall, A Genovese, M AF Goldschmidt, Elizabeth A. Piacentini, Fabrizio Berchera, Ivano Ruo Polyakov, Sergey V. Peters, Silke Kueck, Stefan Brida, Giorgio Degiovanni, Ivo P. Migdall, Alan Genovese, Marco TI Mode reconstruction of a light field by multiphoton statistics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL REALIZATION; PHOTON STATISTICS; SINGLE-PHOTONS; TOMOGRAPHY AB We present a simple method to reconstruct the mode distribution of multimode classical and nonclassical optical fields using a single measurement of higher-order photon number correlation functions. Knowing the underlying number and structure of occupied modes of a light field plays a crucial role in minimizing loss and decoherence of quantum information. Typically, full characterization of the mode structure involves a series of several separate measurements in spatial, temporal, frequency, and polarization domains. We experimentally demonstrate reconstruction of up to three modes with excellent agreement and study the robustness of our method in experimentally realizable regimes. C1 [Goldschmidt, Elizabeth A.; Migdall, Alan] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Goldschmidt, Elizabeth A.; Polyakov, Sergey V.; Migdall, Alan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Piacentini, Fabrizio; Berchera, Ivano Ruo; Brida, Giorgio; Degiovanni, Ivo P.; Genovese, Marco] INRIM, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Peters, Silke; Kueck, Stefan] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Goldschmidt, EA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM egolds@nist.gov RI genovese, marco/D-4862-2013; Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/F-2140-2013; Piacentini, Fabrizio/N-6684-2015; Ruo-Berchera, Ivano/F-3119-2016; OI genovese, marco/0000-0001-9186-8849; Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/0000-0003-0332-3115; Piacentini, Fabrizio/0000-0002-8098-5692; Ruo-Berchera, Ivano/0000-0003-3131-8866; Goldschmidt, Elizabeth/0000-0002-6553-9731 FU MIUR [FIRB RBFR10UAUV]; Fondazione San Paolo; Nato Grant [984397]; EMRP [IND06-MIQC]; EMRP within EURAMET; European Union; Physis Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute FX The research leading to these results has received funding by MIUR, FIRB RBFR10UAUV, by Fondazione San Paolo, by Nato Grant No. 984397, and EMRP (project IND06-MIQC). The EMRP is jointly funded by the EMRP participating countries within EURAMET and the European Union. The authors also acknowledge support from the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. The authors thank Stephen Maxwell for fruitful discussions. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 15 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 1 AR 013822 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.88.013822 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 183SH UT WOS:000321837000027 ER PT J AU Bigford, TE AF Bigford, Thomas E. TI The Imperative for Timely Action SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Habitat Conservat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bigford, TE (reprint author), NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Habitat Conservat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Thomas.bigford@noaa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUL 15 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 7 BP 296 EP + DI 10.1080/03632415.2013.805691 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 181XG UT WOS:000321703000003 ER PT J AU Bunch, AJ Walters, CJ Coggins, LG AF Bunch, Aaron J. Walters, Carl J. Coggins, Lewis G., Jr. TI Measurement Error in Fish Lengths: Evaluation and Management Implications SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID DIGIT PREFERENCE; PRECISION; ACCURACY; SHRINKAGE; MODELS; TESTS; BIAS AB A fundamental aspect of fisheries science is measuring body length. Humans are inherently prone to error despite systems and provisions made to reduce it. We evaluated length measurement error (herein, referred to as error) and digit preference from fish studies conducted on the Colorado River and Little Colorado River in Arizona. Empirical error estimates varied among fish species and generally increased with fish size. We identified a digit preference for numbers ending in zero and five, which was exacerbated with larger sizes. Error effects on growth estimates were largest for fish recaptured after a short time, and we suggest guarding against the error phenomenon by removing data from fish captured and recaptured within a minimum of 30 days. Human, situation, and specimen induced error factors are described. Fisheries professionals should be cognizant of error factors, especially in situations when high precision and accuracy are required and results have important management implications. C1 [Bunch, Aaron J.] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. [Walters, Carl J.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Coggins, Lewis G., Jr.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Bunch, AJ (reprint author), Arizona Game & Fish Dept, 5000 W Carefree Hwy, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. EM ABunch@azgfd.gov FU The U.S. Geological Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center in Flagstaff, Arizona [G09AC00036] FX The U.S. Geological Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center in Flagstaff, Arizona, provided the long-term fish monitoring database and also funded the study under Cooperative Agreement #G09AC00036. We would like to thank the hundreds of fisheries professionals and volunteers who gathered the data over the past 43 years. W. Stewart, B. Stewart, R. Van Haverbeke, M. Pillow, and R. Deshler assisted with the juvenile Chub evaluation. J. Korman, D. Ward, W. Stewart, C. Yackulic, S. VanderKooi, E. Williams, A. Hohn, and anonymous reviewers provided valuable editorial comments and suggestions. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUL 15 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 7 BP 320 EP 326 DI 10.1080/03632415.2013.803472 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 181XG UT WOS:000321703000006 ER PT J AU Gullans, M Krich, JJ Taylor, JM Halperin, BI Lukin, MD AF Gullans, M. Krich, J. J. Taylor, J. M. Halperin, B. I. Lukin, M. D. TI Preparation of nonequilibrium nuclear spin states in double quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; POLARIZATION; QUBITS AB We theoretically study the dynamic polarization of lattice nuclear spins in GaAs double quantum dots containing two electrons. In our prior work, we identified three regimes of long-term dynamics, including the buildup of a large difference in the Overhauser fields across the dots, the saturation of the nuclear polarization process associated with the formation of so-called dark states, and the elimination of the difference field. In particular, when the dots are different sizes, we found that the Overhauser field becomes larger in the smaller dot. Here we present a detailed theoretical analysis of these problems, including a model of the polarization dynamics and the development of a numerical method to efficiently simulate semiclassical-central-spin problems. When nuclear spin noise is included, the results agree with our prior work indicating that large difference fields and dark states are stable configurations, while the elimination of the difference field is unstable; however, in the absence of noise, we find all three steady states are achieved depending on parameters. These results are in good agreement with dynamic nuclear polarization experiments in double quantum dots. C1 [Gullans, M.; Krich, J. J.; Halperin, B. I.; Lukin, M. D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Krich, J. J.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Phys, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Taylor, J. M.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Taylor, J. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gullans, M (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; Gullans, Michael/0000-0003-3974-2987 FU Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute; DARPA; MTO; NSF [DMR-0908070]; Office of the Director of National Intelligence; Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA); Army Research Office Grant [W911NF-12-1-0354] FX We thank S. Foletti, H. Bluhm, C. Barthel, C. M. Marcus, M. Rudner, A. Yacoby, and M. Stopa for valuable conversations. Research was supported by the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute, DARPA, MTO, NSF Grant No. DMR-0908070 and by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), through the Army Research Office Grant No. W911NF-12-1-0354. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 3 AR 035309 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.035309 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 183SX UT WOS:000321838600006 ER PT J AU Guha, S Wayment, J Rastogi, V Li, M Tarlov, MJ Zachariah, MR AF Guha, Suvajyoti Wayment, Joshua Rastogi, Vinayak Li, Mingdong Tarlov, Michael J. Zachariah, Michael R. TI Competitive adsorption-desorption of IgM monomers-dimers on silica and modified silica surfaces SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Electrospray; Differential mobility analysis; Protein; Competitive adsorption; Desorption; Bovine; Immunoglobulin; IgM; Silica surface; Gelatin ID DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYSIS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN; PROTEIN ADSORPTION; PLASMON RESONANCE; ELECTROSPRAY; FIBRINOGEN; NANOPARTICLES; ELLIPSOMETRY; ACTIVATION AB Understanding competitive adsorption-desorption of proteins onto surfaces is an important area of research in food processing and biomedical engineering. Here, we demonstrate, how electrospray-differential mobility analysis that has been traditionally used for characterizing bionanoparticles, can be used for quantifying complex competitive adsorption-desorption of oligomeric proteins or multiprotein systems using monomers and dimers of IgM as a model example onto silica and modified silica surfaces. Using ES-DMA, we show that IgM dimers show a preference to stay adsorbed to different surfaces although monomers adsorb more easily and desorption rates of monomers and dimers of IgM are surface-type-dependent and are not significantly affected by shear. We anticipate that this demonstration will make ES-DMA a popular "label-free" method for studying multicomponent multi-oligomeric protein adsorption to different surfaces in the future. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Guha, Suvajyoti; Li, Mingdong; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guha, Suvajyoti; Wayment, Joshua; Rastogi, Vinayak; Li, Mingdong; Tarlov, Michael J.; Zachariah, Michael R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, 2125 Glenn L Martin Hall,Bldg 088, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu RI Li, Mingdong/G-6957-2014; OI Li, Mingdong/0000-0001-5890-7156; Guha, Suvajyoti/0000-0002-7622-2721 NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD JUL 15 PY 2013 VL 402 BP 291 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.02.050 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 152OG UT WOS:000319540400038 PM 23628202 ER PT J AU Anderson, BM Clark, CW AF Anderson, Brandon M. Clark, Charles W. TI Three-dimensional spin-orbit coupling in a trap SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL ATOMS AB We investigate the properties of an atom under the influence of a synthetic three-dimensional spin-orbit coupling (Weyl coupling) in the presence of a harmonic trap. The conservation of total angular momentum provides a numerically efficient scheme for finding the spectrum and eigenfunctions of the system. We show that at large spin-orbit coupling the system undergoes dimensional reduction from three to one dimension at low energies, and the spectrum is approximately Landau level-like. At high energies, the spectrum is approximately given by the three-dimensional isotropic harmonic oscillator. We explore the properties of the ground state in both position and momentum space. We find the ground state has spin textures with oscillations set by the spin-orbit length scale. C1 [Anderson, Brandon M.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Anderson, BM (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brandona@umd.edu RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Anderson, Brandon/0000-0001-6895-9902 FU US Department of Commerce; National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center Grant [PHY-0822671]; ARO under the DARPA OLE program FX During the completion of this manuscript, the authors became aware of two similar works a system with Weyl spin-orbit coupling [33, 34]. This research was performed in part under the sponsorship of the US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and was supported by the National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center Grant PHY-0822671 and by the ARO under the DARPA OLE program. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JUL 14 PY 2013 VL 46 IS 13 SI SI AR 134003 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/46/13/134003 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 173WI UT WOS:000321112100004 ER PT J AU Wagman, JJ Van Gastel, G Ross, KA Yamani, Z Zhao, Y Qiu, Y Copley, JRD Kallin, AB Mazurek, E Carlo, JP Dabkowska, HA Gaulin, BD AF Wagman, J. J. Van Gastel, G. Ross, K. A. Yamani, Z. Zhao, Y. Qiu, Y. Copley, J. R. D. Kallin, A. B. Mazurek, E. Carlo, J. P. Dabkowska, H. A. Gaulin, B. D. TI Two-dimensional incommensurate and three-dimensional commensurate magnetic order and fluctuations in La2-xBaxCuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SPIN FLUCTUATIONS; LA2-XSRXCUO4; EXCITATIONS; LA2CUO4; TRANSITION; PHASE; LA1.85SR0.15CUO4; INSTABILITY AB We present neutron-scattering measurements on single crystals of lightly doped La2-xBaxCuO4, with 0 <= x <= 0.035. These reveal the evolution of the magnetism in this prototypical doped Mott insulator from a three-dimensional (3D) commensurate (C) antiferromagnetic ground state, which orders at a relatively high T-N, to a two-dimensional (2D) incommensurate (IC) ground state with finite-ranged static correlations, which appear below a relatively low effective T-N. At low temperatures, the 2D IC magnetism coexists with the 3D C magnetism for doping concentrations as low as similar to 0.0125. We find no signal of a 3D C magnetic ground state by x similar to 0.025, consistent with the upper limit of x similar to 0.02 observed in the sister family of doped Mott insulators, La2-xSrxCuO4. The 2D IC ground states observed for 0.0125 <= x <= 0.035 are diagonal, and are rotated by 45 degrees within the orthorhombic basal plane compared with those previously reported for samples with superconducting ground states: La2-xBaxCuO4, with 0.05 <= x <= 0.095. We construct a phase diagram based solely on magnetic order-parameter measurements, which displays much of the complexity of standard high-temperature superconductivity phase diagrams discussed in the literature. Analysis of high-energy resolution inelastic neutron scattering at moderately low temperatures shows a progressive depletion of the very low-energy dynamic magnetic susceptibility as x increases from 0.0125 to 0.035. This low-energy, dynamic susceptibility falls off with increasing temperature on a scale much higher than the effective 2D IC T-N appropriate to these materials. Appreciable dynamic 2D IC magnetic fluctuations inhabit much of the "pseudogap" regime of the phase diagram. C1 [Wagman, J. J.; Van Gastel, G.; Ross, K. A.; Kallin, A. B.; Mazurek, E.; Carlo, J. P.; Gaulin, B. D.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Ross, K. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ross, K. A.; Zhao, Y.; Qiu, Y.; Copley, J. R. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yamani, Z.; Carlo, J. P.] AECL Res, Chalk River Labs, NRC, Canadian Neutron Beam Ctr, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. [Zhao, Y.; Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kallin, A. B.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Dabkowska, H. A.; Gaulin, B. D.] McMaster Univ, Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gaulin, B. D.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. RP Wagman, JJ (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RI yamani, zahra/B-7892-2012; OI Ross, Kate/0000-0002-7385-7449 FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy; NSERC of Canada; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX We would like to acknowledge useful conversations had with A. J. Berlinsky, C. Kallin, G. M. Luke, J. P. Clancy, K. Fritsch, A. Dabkowski, and T. Timusk. We would also like to acknowledge M. D. Lumsden for technical assistance with the measurements on HB3. Research using ORNL's High Flux Isotope Reactor was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. Work at McMaster was funded by NSERC of Canada. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 12 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 1 AR 014412 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.014412 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 183RD UT WOS:000321834000004 ER PT J AU Wineland, DJ AF Wineland, David J. TI Nobel Lecture: Superposition, entanglement, and raising Schrodinger's cat SO REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MONO-ION OSCILLATOR; OPTICAL FREQUENCY STANDARDS; TRAPPED ATOMIC IONS; ZERO-POINT ENERGY; QUANTUM JUMPS; RADIATION-PRESSURE; SINGLE-ATOM; PROJECTION NOISE; MOTIONAL STATES; HYDROGEN MASER C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wineland, DJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU NBS/NIST management; NIST; AFOSR; ARO; DARPA; ONR FX Certainly my role in this work is very small when compared to that of my colleagues both at NIST and around the world, who have made so many important contributions. Having been recognized by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences is really more recognition of our field rather than individual accomplishment; many others are at least as deserving. Just the work of the NIST group was due to the combined efforts of a very large number of people. I have been lucky to work with NIST permanent staff members Jim Bergquist, John Bollinger, Bob Drullinger, and Wayne Itano for my entire career, and we have been fortunate to be joined by Didi Leibfried and Till Rosenband in the last decade. Chris Monroe was a very important part of our group from 1992 to 2000 and now has his own group at the University of Maryland. Of course our successes would not have happened if not for the dedication of many students, postdocs, and visiting scientists to our group, numbering over 100 people. Having a group working directly together or on related problems has been a source of strength for us, and the congenial atmosphere over the years has made our efforts so enjoyable. Throughout my career, our group has enjoyed the support and encouragement of NBS/NIST management. My direct supervisors over the years, Helmut Hellwig, Sam Stein, Don Sullivan, and Tom O'Brian, have always supported our goals and desires as much as possible. More recently, we have also enjoyed the support of Carl Williams, who heads NIST's quantum information program. We are all indebted to our laboratory director, Katharine Gebbie, for her support and encouragement. Perhaps one measure of her success is that I am the fourth person, after Bill Phillips, Eric Cornell, and Jan Hall, to receive a Nobel prize during her tenure as lab director. We are also grateful for the support of agencies outside of NIST, such as AFOSR, ARO, DARPA, ONR, and various intelligence agencies who have supported our work on quantum information. I have great respect for the leaders of some of our group's strongest competition such as Rainer Blatt (Innsbruck) and Chris Monroe (University of Maryland) and have enjoyed their friendship for many years. It was also a great pleasure to share this recognition with Serge Haroche. I have known Serge for about 25 years and have enjoyed both his group's elegant science and also the mutual friendship that my wife and I have shared with him and his wife, Claudine. Most importantly, I have been very fortunate to have the support, understanding, and patience of my wife Sedna and sons Charles and Michael. I thank John Bollinger, Wayne Itano, Didi Leibfried, and Till Rosenband for helpful suggestions on the manuscript. NR 165 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 5 U2 76 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0034-6861 J9 REV MOD PHYS JI Rev. Mod. Phys. PD JUL 12 PY 2013 VL 85 IS 3 BP 1103 EP 1114 DI 10.1103/RevModPhys.85.1103 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 183XA UT WOS:000321849400003 ER PT J AU Hackerott, S Valdivia, A Green, SJ Cote, IM Cox, CE Akins, L Layman, CA Precht, WF Bruno, JF AF Hackerott, Serena Valdivia, Abel Green, Stephanie J. Cote, Isabelle M. Cox, Courtney E. Akins, Lad Layman, Craig A. Precht, William F. Bruno, John F. TI Native Predators Do Not Influence Invasion Success of Pacific Lionfish on Caribbean Reefs SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EXOTIC PLANT INVASIONS; REGION-WIDE DECLINES; CORAL-REEF; COMMUNITIES; RECRUITMENT; ABUNDANCE; ATLANTIC; ECOLOGY AB Biotic resistance, the process by which new colonists are excluded from a community by predation from and/or competition with resident species, can prevent or limit species invasions. We examined whether biotic resistance by native predators on Caribbean coral reefs has influenced the invasion success of red lionfishes (Pterois volitans and Pterois miles), piscivores from the Indo-Pacific. Specifically, we surveyed the abundance (density and biomass) of lionfish and native predatory fishes that could interact with lionfish (either through predation or competition) on 71 reefs in three biogeographic regions of the Caribbean. We recorded protection status of the reefs, and abiotic variables including depth, habitat type, and wind/wave exposure at each site. We found no relationship between the density or biomass of lionfish and that of native predators. However, lionfish densities were significantly lower on windward sites, potentially because of habitat preferences, and in marine protected areas, most likely because of ongoing removal efforts by reserve managers. Our results suggest that interactions with native predators do not influence the colonization or post-establishment population density of invasive lionfish on Caribbean reefs. C1 [Hackerott, Serena; Valdivia, Abel; Cox, Courtney E.; Bruno, John F.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Green, Stephanie J.; Cote, Isabelle M.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Akins, Lad] REEF, Key Largo, FL USA. [Layman, Craig A.] Florida Int Univ, Marine Sci Program, North Miami, FL USA. [Precht, William F.] NOAA Florida Keys Natl Marine Sanctuary, Key Largo, FL USA. RP Hackerott, S (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM snhackerott@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0746164, OCE-0940019]; National Geographic Society Committee for Research and Exploration [8514-08]; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; NSERC Canada Graduate Scholarship; Rufford Small Grants Foundation; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill FX This work was funded in part by the National Science Foundation (OCE-0746164 to CAL and OCE-0940019 to JFB), the National Geographic Society Committee for Research and Exploration (grant 8514-08 to JFB), a Discovery Grant from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada (to IMC), an NSERC Canada Graduate Scholarship (to SJG), the Rufford Small Grants Foundation, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 10 U2 137 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 11 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 7 AR e68259 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0068259 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 188UA UT WOS:000322218800020 PM 23874565 ER PT J AU Ralchenko, Y Gillaspy, JD AF Ralchenko, Yu. Gillaspy, J. D. TI Anisotropic LMN dielectronic resonances from ratios of magnetic-dipole lines SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINATION RATE COEFFICIENTS; TUNGSTEN; BARIUM; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION; SHELL; IONS; EBIT AB Signatures of multi-keV LMN dielectronic resonances in highly charged 3d(n) ions of tungsten were detected in the intensity ratios of extreme-ultraviolet magnetic-dipole lines within ground configurations. The measurements were performed with an electron beam ion trap at beam energies of about 6 keV. Large-scale collisional-radiative modeling incorporating magnetic sublevels of autoionizing levels showed the significance of anisotropy effects due to the monodirectional propagation of the electron beam. The observation method allows simultaneous resolved registration of dielectronic resonances from several ions. C1 [Ralchenko, Yu.; Gillaspy, J. D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ralchenko, Y (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yuri.ralchenko@nist.gov RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 FU Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy FX This work is supported in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy. We are grateful to J.J. Curry for assistance during the experimental run and to D. Osin, A. Kramida, Y. Podpaly, J. Reader, and J. N. Tan for valuable discussions. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 11 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 1 AR 012506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.88.012506 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 183QU UT WOS:000321833000008 ER PT J AU Harris, AB Yildirim, T AF Harris, A. B. Yildirim, T. TI Spin dynamics of trimers on a distorted kagome lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID WAVE INTERACTIONS; GROUND-STATE; CU3CL6(H2O)(2)CENTER-DOT-2H(8)C(4)SO(2); ANTIFERROMAGNETS; FERROMAGNETISM; SCATTERING; JAROSITE; CLUSTERS; CHAIN; IONS AB We treat the ground state, elementary excitations, and neutron scattering cross section for a system of trimers consisting of three tightly bound spins 1/2 on a distorted kagome lattice, subject to isotropic nearest-neighbor (usually antiferromagnetic) Heisenberg interactions. The interactions between trimers are assumed to be weak compared to the intratrimer interactions. We compare the spin-wave excitation spectrum of trimers with that obtained from standard spin-wave theory and attribute the differences at low energy to the fact that the trimer formulation includes exactly the effects of intratrimer zero-point motion. C1 [Harris, A. B.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Yildirim, T.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yildirim, T.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Harris, AB (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009 FU department of commerce FX A.B.H. was supported in part by a grant from the department of commerce. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 11 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 1 AR 014411 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.014411 PG 18 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 183RA UT WOS:000321833600002 ER PT J AU Kilburn, D Roh, JH Behrouzi, R Briber, RM Woodson, SA AF Kilburn, Duncan Roh, Joon Ho Behrouzi, Reza Briber, Robert M. Woodson, Sarah A. TI Crowders Perturb the Entropy of RNA Energy Landscapes to Favor Folding SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR CROWDING CONDITIONS; GROUP-I RIBOZYME; TERTIARY INTERACTIONS; EXCLUDED-VOLUME; UNFOLDED STATE; MG2+ BINDING; DNA DUPLEX; STABILITY; COLLAPSE; PROTEIN AB Biological macromolecules have evolved to fold and operate in the crowded environment of the cell. We have shown previously that molecular crowding stabilizes folded RNA structures. Here we report SAXS measurements on a 64 kDa bacterial group I ribozyme in the presence of mono- and divalent ions and PEG crowders of different molecular weight. These experiments show that crowders always stabilize the folded RNA, but this stabilization is weaker in NaCl solutions than MgCl2, solutions. Additionally, we find that RNAs with the same global structure, parametrized by R-g, have different scattering functions depending upon the ratio of electrostatic and entropic stabilization by ions and crowders, respectively. We quantify this difference using the scattering length per scattering volume and find that this ratio is larger for RNAs that fold in lower ionic strength solutions due to the higher crowder content. We conclude that lower RNA flexibility, or reduced configurational entropy, widens the free energy gap between the unfolded and folded RNA in crowded MgCl2 solutions. C1 [Kilburn, Duncan; Roh, Joon Ho; Behrouzi, Reza; Woodson, Sarah A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, TC Jenkins Dept Biophys, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Roh, Joon Ho; Briber, Robert M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Roh, Joon Ho] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Scattering Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Briber, RM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rbriber@jhu.edu; swoodson@jhu.edu RI Behrouzi, Reza/M-6604-2013; ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012; Briber, Robert/A-3588-2012; OI Behrouzi, Reza/0000-0003-3064-9743; Briber, Robert/0000-0002-8358-5942; Woodson, Sarah/0000-0003-0170-1987 FU NIST; NIH [GM60819]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors thank Rob Rambo for helpful discussion, and Krishnarjun Sarkar (JHU), Liang Guo (APS ID18 BioCAT) and Lin Yang and Marc Allaire (NSLS X9) for assistance with SAXS experiments. This work was supported by NIST and a grant from the NIH (GM60819). Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contracts Nos. DE-AC02-98CH10886 and DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 52 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 10 PY 2013 VL 135 IS 27 BP 10055 EP 10063 DI 10.1021/ja4030098 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 183JG UT WOS:000321810400023 PM 23773075 ER PT J AU Harrison, GF Kim, K Collins, AG AF Harrison, Genelle F. Kim, Kiho Collins, Allen G. TI Low genetic diversity of the putatively introduced, brackish water hydrozoan, Blackfordia virginica (Leptothecata: Blackfordiidae), throughout the United States, with a new record for Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE founder effect; genetic variation; Hydrozoa; invasive species; medusa ID CNIDARIA; ESTUARY; MITOCHONDRIAL; PHYLOGENY AB Despite first being described from Virginia, the widely distributed brackish water hydrozoan Blackfordia virginica is often hypothesized to have been introduced from the Black Sea to the United States. However, the alternative view that B. virginica was introduced to the Black Sea also persists in the literature. This study investigates the population structure of B. virginica in the United States to assess the directionality and/or the number of introduction events. During 2009 and 2010, estuaries were sampled from Delaware to Louisiana for brackish water hydromedusae. Nineteen samples of Blackfordia virginica were collected from four localities, including a channel running between St. Catherines Island and Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana, a region for which it had not been reported prior to this study. We PCR amplified and sequenced two mitochondrial markers (COI & 16S), and one nuclear marker (ITS 1). We compared data from individuals collected on the east coast of the United States with individuals collected in California. This revealed low diversity (two haplotypes with a maximal p-difference of 0.03% for COI and just a single haplotype for 16S) and no unique haplotypes at any locality. Low genetic variability, shared haplotypes in disparate localities, and a lack of unique haplotypes in any population are consistent with a founder effect, suggesting a single introduction and subsequent spread throughout the United States. C1 [Harrison, Genelle F.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Support Ctr, Dept Entomol, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Kim, Kiho] American Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Collins, Allen G.] NOAA, Natl Systemat Lab, Fisheries Serv, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Harrison, GF (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Support Ctr, Dept Entomol, 4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM HarrisonG@si.edu OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691 FU Smithsonian Institution; National Systematics Lab of NOAA's Fisheries Service; American University FX We thank Dr. Mariah Meek for providing specimens of B. virginica from California. We also thank Dr. David Carlini for his review of an earlier version of this work. Funding for this project was provided by the Smithsonian Institution, the National Systematics Lab of NOAA's Fisheries Service, and American University. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X EI 1943-6327 J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL 10 PY 2013 VL 126 IS 2 BP 91 EP 102 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 186NC UT WOS:000322050300001 ER PT J AU de Sant'Anna, VB Collette, BB Godfrey, SJ AF de Sant'Anna, Vivianne B. Collette, Bruce B. Godfrey, Stephen J. TI Belone countermani, a new Miocene needlefish (Belonidae) from the St. Marys Formation of Calvert Cliffs, Maryland SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Belone; Belonidae; Calvert Cliffs; Maryland; Miocene; needlefish; St. Marys Formation ID BELONIFORM FISHES; CHESAPEAKE GROUP; SYSTEMATICS; TELEOSTEI; REMAINS; USA AB Belone is distinguished from other genera of Belonidae mostly because of its complete cephalic sensory system, presence of gill rakers, vomerine teeth, and the pattern of its dentition. This eastern North Atlantic genus contains two extant species and at least three described fossil species from Lower Oligocene and Upper Miocene formations in Europe. dagger Belone countermani, sp. nov., a new species of needlefish from the Tortonian Upper Miocene St. Marys Formation of Calvert Cliffs (Maryland, U.S.A.), is described herein based on a well-preserved three-dimensional associated pair of upper and lower jaws. This rostrum represents the only record of this genus in the western North Atlantic Ocean. dagger Belone countermani is characterized by a unique dental pattern on the dentary. The dentary commissural region is filled with several rows of small accessory teeth (five to seven) that gradually decrease in number of rows; along the symphysial region there is one inner row of conical teeth and one external row of accessory teeth. Discovery of dagger Belone countermani indicates that extant Be lone species are a relict diversity of an old group that had a wider distribution that included the western North Atlantic. C1 [de Sant'Anna, Vivianne B.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande do Sul, Lab Vertebrate Systemat, BR-90619900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Collette, Bruce B.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv Systemat Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Godfrey, Stephen J.] Calvert Marine Museum, Dept Paleontol, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Godfrey, Stephen J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Collette, BB (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv Systemat Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 3701,MRC 0153, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM zapteryx@yahoo.com; collettb@si.edu; Godfresj@co.cal.md.us FU CNPq; Board of Calvert County Commissioners; citizens of Calvert County, Maryland; Clarissa and Lincoln Dryden Endowment for Paleontology at the Calvert Marine Museum FX This publication was made possible with funding from the CNPq Post-doctoral fellowship (VBS), the Board of Calvert County Commissioners, the citizens of Calvert County, Maryland, and the Clarissa and Lincoln Dryden Endowment for Paleontology at the Calvert Marine Museum. R. Hulbert (FLMNH) provided information on fossil needlefish from Florida. For helping with the X-rays, we thank S. Raredon (USNM). J. Tyler and E. Hilton reviewed the manuscript and provided comments that improved it. We thank the following for making comparative material available: R. Arrindell and B. Brown (AMNH), J. Lundberg and M. Sabaj (ANSP), J. Maclaine and O. Crimmen (BMNH), J. Demouthe, S. Mainsfield, and S. Willard (CAS), K. Swagel, M. Rogers, and P. Willink (FMNH), V. Rheu and S. Macleod (LACM), S. Iglesias, G. Clement, G, Duhamel, and C. Sagne (MNHN), M. Gasparik and J. Palfy (NHMUS), P. Buckup and M. Britto (MNRJ), O. Oyakawa (MZUSP), S. Kullander and B. Kajrup (NRM), A. Bannikov (PIN), H. Fernandez and E. Holm (ROM), R. Robins (FLMNH), D. Nelson (UMMZ), R. Van, L. Parenti, J. Finan, and J. Williams (USNM). NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL 10 PY 2013 VL 126 IS 2 BP 137 EP 150 PG 14 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 186NC UT WOS:000322050300004 ER PT J AU Giacomazzo, B Perna, R AF Giacomazzo, Bruno Perna, Rosalba TI FORMATION OF STABLE MAGNETARS FROM BINARY NEUTRON STAR MERGERS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray burst: general; gravitational waves; methods: numerical; stars: neutron ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; X-RAY; ENERGY INJECTION; AFTERGLOW; FLARES; EVOLUTION; FIELDS; PULSAR AB By performing fully general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of binary neutron star mergers, we investigate the possibility that the end result of the merger is a stable magnetar. In particular, we show that, for a binary composed of two equal-mass neutron stars (NSs) of gravitational mass M similar to 1.2 M-circle dot and equation of state similar to Shen et al. at high densities, the merger product is a stable NS. Such NS is found to be differentially rotating and ultraspinning with spin parameter J/M-2 similar to 0.86, where J is its total angular momentum, and it is surrounded by a disk of approximate to 0.1 M-circle dot. While in our global simulations the magnetic field is amplified by about two orders of magnitude, local simulations have shown that hydrodynamic instabilities and the onset of the magnetorotational instability could further increase the magnetic field strength up to magnetar levels. This leads to the interesting possibility that, for some NS mergers, a stable and magnetized NS surrounded by an accretion disk could be formed. We discuss the impact of these new results for the emission of electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational wave signals and for the central engine of short gamma-ray bursts. C1 [Giacomazzo, Bruno; Perna, Rosalba] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Giacomazzo, Bruno] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perna, Rosalba] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Giacomazzo, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Giacomazzo, Bruno/I-8088-2012 OI Giacomazzo, Bruno/0000-0002-6947-4023 FU NSF [AST 1009396, OCI-1053575]; NASA [NNX12AO67G] FX We thank Brian Metzger, Christian Ott, Antonia Rowlinson, Luigi Stella, Eleonora Troja, Bing Zhang and an anonymous referee for useful comments. B. G. and R. P. acknowledge support from NSF grant No. AST 1009396 and NASA grant No. NNX12AO67G. This work used XSEDE (allocation TG-PHY110027) which is supported by NSF grant No. OCI-1053575. NR 36 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2013 VL 771 IS 2 AR L26 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/771/2/L26 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 172WI UT WOS:000321036000008 ER PT J AU Pechkis, HK Wrubel, JP Schwettmann, A Griffin, PF Barnett, R Tiesinga, E Lett, PD AF Pechkis, H. K. Wrubel, J. P. Schwettmann, A. Griffin, P. F. Barnett, R. Tiesinga, E. Lett, P. D. TI Spinor Dynamics in an Antiferromagnetic Spin-1 Thermal Bose Gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZED ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; MIXING DYNAMICS; WAVES AB We present experimental observations of coherent spin-population oscillations in a cold thermal, Bose gas of spin-1 Na-23 atoms. The population oscillations in a multi-spatial-mode thermal gas have the same behavior as those observed in a single-spatial-mode antiferromagnetic spinor Bose-Einstein condensate. We demonstrate this by showing that the two situations are described by the same dynamical equations, with a factor of 2 change in the spin-dependent interaction coefficient, which results from the change to particles with distinguishable momentum states in the thermal gas. We compare this theory to the measured spin population evolution after times up to a few hundreds of ms, finding quantitative agreement with the amplitude and period. We also measure the damping time of the oscillations as a function of magnetic field. C1 [Pechkis, H. K.; Wrubel, J. P.; Schwettmann, A.; Griffin, P. F.; Tiesinga, E.; Lett, P. D.] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pechkis, H. K.; Wrubel, J. P.; Schwettmann, A.; Griffin, P. F.; Tiesinga, E.; Lett, P. D.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pechkis, H. K.; Wrubel, J. P.; Schwettmann, A.; Griffin, P. F.; Tiesinga, E.; Lett, P. D.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wrubel, J. P.] Creighton Univ, Dept Phys, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Griffin, P. F.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. [Barnett, R.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Math, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Barnett, R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Barnett, R.] Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Pechkis, HK (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Griffin, Paul/A-3663-2012; OI Griffin, Paul/0000-0002-0134-7554; Barnett, Ryan/0000-0002-5122-2856 FU RSE/Scottish Government Marie Curie Personal Research Fellowship; ARO; NRC Postdoctoral Research Associateship program; JQI FX We thank Ryan Wilson for insights on the damping of spin coherences. P. F. G. was supported by a RSE/Scottish Government Marie Curie Personal Research Fellowship. E. T. acknowledges support from ARO. J. P. W. acknowledges support from the NRC Postdoctoral Research Associateship program. R. B. acknowledges support from the JQI. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2013 VL 111 IS 2 AR 025301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.025301 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 182OE UT WOS:000321752400022 PM 23889412 ER PT J AU Zangmeister, RA Morris, TA Tarlov, MJ AF Zangmeister, Rebecca A. Morris, Todd A. Tarlov, Michael J. TI Characterization of Polydopamine Thin Films Deposited at Short Times by Autoxidation of Dopamine SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID MELANIN FILMS; EUMELANIN BUILDUP; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; 5,6-DIHYDROXYINDOLE; OXIDATION; GROWTH; GOLD; ADSORPTION; TYROSINASE AB Current interest in melanin films derived from the autoxidation of dopamine stems from their use as a universal adhesion layer. Here we report chemical and physical characterization of polydopamine films deposited on gold surfaces from stirred basic solutions at times ranging from 2 to 60 min, with a focus on times <= 10 min. Data from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical methods suggest the presence of starting (dopamine) and intermediate (C=N-containing tautomers of quinone and indole) species in the polydopamine films at all deposition times. A uniform overlayer analysis of the XPS data indicates that film thickness increased linearly at short deposition times of <= 10 min. At deposition times >= 10 min, the films appeared largely continuous with surface roughness approximate to <= 2 nm, as determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Pinhole-free films, as determined by anionic redox probe measurements, required deposition times of 60 min or greater. C1 [Zangmeister, Rebecca A.; Morris, Todd A.; Tarlov, Michael J.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zangmeister, RA (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rebecca.zangmeister@nist.gov RI Zangmeister, Rebecca/D-6641-2017 OI Zangmeister, Rebecca/0000-0002-0540-6240 FU NRC/NIST FX T.A.M. acknowledges the NRC/NIST postdoctoral fellowship program for support while this research was conducted. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this document. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the products identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 50 TC 133 Z9 134 U1 25 U2 209 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 9 PY 2013 VL 29 IS 27 BP 8619 EP 8628 DI 10.1021/la400587j PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 183DE UT WOS:000321793400020 PM 23750451 ER PT J AU Budvytyte, R Valincius, G Niaura, G Voiciuk, V Mickevicius, M Chapman, H Goh, HZ Shekhar, P Heinrich, F Shenoy, S Losche, M Vanderah, DJ AF Budvytyte, Rima Valincius, Gintaras Niaura, Gediminas Voiciuk, Vladislava Mickevicius, Mindaugas Chapman, Hilary Goh, Haw-Zan Shekhar, Prabhanshu Heinrich, Frank Shenoy, Siddharth Loesche, Mathias Vanderah, David J. TI Structure and Properties of Tethered Bilayer Lipid Membranes with Unsaturated Anchor Molecules SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ALPHA-HEMOLYSIN; GOLD SURFACES; SUPPORTED MEMBRANES; THIN-FILMS; X-RAY; SPECTROSCOPY; THIOLIPIDS; PROTEINS; RECONSTITUTION AB The Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of new lipidic anchor molecule HC18 [Z-20-(Z-octadec-9-enyloxy)-3,6,9,12,15,18,22-heptaoxatetracont-31-ene-1-thiol] and mixed HC18/beta-mercaptoethanol (beta ME) SAMs were studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry, contact angle measurements, reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and were evaluated in tethered bilayer lipid membranes (tBLMs). Our data indicate that HC18, containing a double bond in the alkyl segments, forms highly disordered SAMs up to anchor/beta ME molar fraction ratios of 80/20 and result in tBLMs that exhibit higher lipid diffusion coefficients relative to those of previous anchor compounds with saturated alkyl chains, as determined by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. EIS data shows HC18 tBLMs, completed by rapid solvent exchange or vesicle fusion, form more easily than with saturated lipidic anchors, exhibit excellent electrical insulating properties indicating low defect densities, and readily incorporate the pore-forming toxin, alpha-hemolysin. Neutron reflectivity measurements on HC18 tBLMS confirm the formation of complete tBLMs, even at low, tether compositions and high ionic lipid compositions. Our data indicate that HC18 results in tBLMs with improved physical properties for the incorporation of integral membrane proteins (IMPs) and that 80% HC18 tBLMs appear to be optimal for practical applications such as biosensors where high electrical insulation and IMP/peptide reconstitution are imperative. C1 [Budvytyte, Rima; Valincius, Gintaras; Niaura, Gediminas; Voiciuk, Vladislava; Mickevicius, Mindaugas] Vilnius State Univ, Inst Biochem, LT-08662 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Chapman, Hilary; Vanderah, David J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heinrich, Frank; Loesche, Mathias] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chapman, Hilary] Hood Coll, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Goh, Haw-Zan; Shekhar, Prabhanshu; Heinrich, Frank; Shenoy, Siddharth; Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Vanderah, David J.] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Vanderah, DJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vanderah@ibbr.umd.edu RI Losche, Mathias/J-2986-2013; Heinrich, Frank/A-5339-2010; Budvytyte, Rima/F-5115-2014 OI Losche, Mathias/0000-0001-6666-916X; Heinrich, Frank/0000-0002-8579-553X; Budvytyte, Rima/0000-0002-5063-5878 FU National Institute of General Medical Sciences [1R01 GM101647]; Research Council of Lithuania [MIP-096/2011]; Department of Commerce (MSE) [70NANB8H8009]; summer undergraduate research fellowship (SURF) at NIST FX This work was supported, in part, by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (1R01 GM101647) and the Research Council of Lithuania (MIP-096/2011) and performed, in part, at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. F.H. was supported by the Department of Commerce (MSE grant 70NANB8H8009), and H.C. was supported by a summer undergraduate research fellowship (SURF) in 2009 at NIST. NR 57 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 90 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 9 PY 2013 VL 29 IS 27 BP 8645 EP 8656 DI 10.1021/la401132c PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 183DE UT WOS:000321793400023 PM 23745652 ER PT J AU Corson, JP Wilson, RM Bohn, JL AF Corson, John P. Wilson, Ryan M. Bohn, John L. TI Geometric stability spectra of dipolar Bose gases in tunable optical lattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LIQUID HELIUM; EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; INELASTIC SCATTERING; QUANTUM GAS; NEUTRONS AB We examine the stability of quasi-two-dimensional dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates in the presence of weak optical lattices of various geometries. We find that when the condensate possesses a roton-maxon quasiparticle dispersion, the conditions for stability exhibit a strong dependence both on the lattice geometry and the polarization tilt. This results in rich structures in the system's stability diagram akin to spectroscopic signatures. We show how these structures originate from the mode matching of rotons to the perturbing lattice. In the case of a one-dimensional lattice, some of the features emerge only when the polarization axis is tilted into the plane of the condensate. Our results suggest that the stability diagram may be used as a novel means to spectroscopically measure rotons in dipolar condensates. C1 [Corson, John P.; Bohn, John L.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Corson, John P.; Bohn, John L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wilson, Ryan M.] NIST, JQI, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wilson, Ryan M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Corson, JP (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU US DoD through the NDSEG; NRC; NSF FX We acknowledge helpful discussions with P. B. Blakie. J.P.C. acknowledges support from the US DoD through the NDSEG fellowship program. R.M.W. acknowledges support from an NRC postdoctoral fellowship. J.L.B. acknowledges financial support from the NSF. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 9 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 1 AR 013614 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.88.013614 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 182AT UT WOS:000321713200005 ER PT J AU Akerman, NH Butterfield, DA Huber, JA AF Akerman, Nancy H. Butterfield, David A. Huber, Julie A. TI Phylogenetic diversity and functional gene patterns of sulfur-oxidizing subseafloor Epsilonproteobacteria in diffuse hydrothermal vent fluids SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfur oxidation; hydrothermal vent microbiology; 16S rRNA; functional genes; subseafloor; Epsilonproteobacteria ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; SEA-FLOOR; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; SP-NOV.; EPSILON-PROTEOBACTERIA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; LOGATCHEV FIELD; GENOME SEQUENCE; OKINAWA TROUGH AB Microorganisms throughout the dark ocean use reduced sulfur compounds for chemolithoautotrophy. In many deep-sea hydrothermal vents, sulfide oxidation is quantitatively the most important chemical energy source for microbial metabolism both at and beneath the seafloor. In this study, the presence and activity of vent endemic Epsilonproteobacteria was examined in six low-temperature diffuse vents over a range of geochemical gradients from Axial Seamount, a deep-sea volcano in the Northeast Pacific. PCR primers were developed and applied to target the sulfur oxidation soxB gene of Epsilonproteobacteria. soxB genes belonging to the genera Sulfurimonas and Sulfurovum are both present and expressed at most diffuse vent sites, but not in background seawater. Although Sulfurovum-like sox8 genes were detected in all fluid samples, the RNA profiles were nearly identical among the vents and suggest that Sulfurirnonas-like species are the primary Epsilonproteobacteria responsible for actively oxidizing sulfur via the Sox pathway at each vent. Community patterns of subseafloor Epsdonproteobactena 16S rRNA genes were best matched to methane concentrations in vent fluids, as well as individual vent locations, indicating that both geochemistry and geographical isolation play a role in structuring subseafloor microbial populations. The data show that in the subseafloor at Axial Seamount, Epsilonproteobacteria are expressing the soxB gene and that microbial patterns in community distribution are linked to both vent location and chemistry. C1 [Akerman, Nancy H.; Huber, Julie A.] Marine Biol Lab, Josephine Bay Paul Ctr Comparat Mol Biol & Evolut, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Butterfield, David A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Butterfield, David A.] NOAA Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. RP Huber, JA (reprint author), Marine Biol Lab, Josephine Bay Paul Ctr Comparat Mol Biol & Evolut, 7 MBL St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jhuber@mbl.edu RI Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016; OI Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279; Huber, Julie/0000-0002-4790-7633 FU NASA Astrobiology Postdoctoral Program Fellowship; NSF Division of Ocean Sciences [OCE-0929167, OCE-0731947, OCE-0926199]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [2073, 3984, NA17RJ1232] FX We hank the crews of the R/V Thomas G. Thompvon and ROV Jason for their assistance with fieldwork, and Kevin K. Roe, Hoang-My Christensen, Marvin Lilley, and Eric Olson for chemical analyses. This work was supported by a NASA Astrobiology Postdoctoral Program Fellowship to Nancy H. Akerman and grants from the NSF Division of Ocean Sciences to Julie A. Huber (OCE-0929167) and David A. Butterfield (OCE-0731947 and OCE-0926199), and by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO contribution #2073, PMEL contribution #3984) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA17RJ1232. NR 68 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 44 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD JUL 8 PY 2013 VL 4 AR 185 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00185 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA AA6ZF UT WOS:000331246100002 PM 23847608 ER PT J AU Noordhoek, MJ Krayzman, V Chernatynskiy, A Phillpot, SR Levin, I AF Noordhoek, M. J. Krayzman, V. Chernatynskiy, A. Phillpot, S. R. Levin, I. TI Atomistic structure of (Ba,Sr)TiO3: Comparing molecular-dynamics simulations with structural measurements SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BATIO3 AB Atomistic structures of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (x <= 0.5) determined by molecular-dynamics simulations are compared with five types of experimental structural data and with the results of multiple-technique Reverse Monte Carlo refinements. The simulations and experimental studies agree on many fundamental aspects of the local atomic displacements; in some cases, this agreement is quantitative, in others only semi-quantitative. Key local-structure characteristics of the solid solutions are identified along with a possible mechanism of dielectric relaxation. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Noordhoek, M. J.; Chernatynskiy, A.; Phillpot, S. R.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Noordhoek, M. J.; Krayzman, V.; Levin, I.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krayzman, V.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Phillpot, SR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM sphil@mse.ufl.edu; igor.levin@nist.gov OI Phillpot, Simon/0000-0002-7774-6535; Chernatynskiy, Aleksandr/0000-0001-7431-7201 FU Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences; DOE [DE-AC25-06NA25396]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors are grateful to N. L. Matsko for sharing the results of their work prior to publication and to V. P. Sakhnenko for helpful discussions. The work has benefited from the use of the (i) Lujan Center at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, funded by the Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract No. DE-AC25-06NA25396 and (ii) National Synchrotron Light Source (NIST beamline X23A2), Brookhaven National Laboratory, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The authors are grateful to J. Siewenie (LANL) and J. Woicik (NIST) for their technical assistance with the neutron scattering and X-ray absorption measurements, respectively. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 8 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 2 AR 022909 DI 10.1063/1.4813273 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 182RH UT WOS:000321761000065 ER PT J AU Ranzani, L Spietz, L Aumentado, J AF Ranzani, Leonardo Spietz, Lafe Aumentado, Jose TI Broadband calibrated scattering parameters characterization of a superconducting quantum interference device amplifier SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SQUID AMPLIFIER AB In this work, we characterize the 2-port scattering parameters of a superconducting quantum interference device amplifier at similar to 20 mK over several gigahertz of bandwidth. The measurement reference plane is positioned on a 6.25 Omega microstrip line situated directly at the input and output of the device by means of a thru-reflect-line cryogenic calibration procedure. From the scattering parameters, we derive the device available power gain, isolation, and input impedance over the 2-8 GHz range. This measurement methodology provides a path towards designing wide-band matching circuits for low impedance superconducting amplifiers operating at dilution refrigerator temperatures. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Ranzani, Leonardo; Spietz, Lafe; Aumentado, Jose] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ranzani, Leonardo] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ranzani, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM leonardo.ranzani@colorado.edu; jose.aumentado@nist.gov RI Aumentado, Jose/C-2231-2009 OI Aumentado, Jose/0000-0001-5581-1466 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 8 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 2 AR 022601 DI 10.1063/1.4813549 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 182RH UT WOS:000321761000054 ER PT J AU Singh, R Autry, TM Nardin, G Moody, G Li, HB Pierz, K Bieler, M Cundiff, ST AF Singh, Rohan Autry, Travis M. Nardin, Gael Moody, Galan Li, Hebin Pierz, Klaus Bieler, Mark Cundiff, Steven T. TI Anisotropic homogeneous linewidth of the heavy-hole exciton in (110)-oriented GaAs quantum wells SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOSTRUCTURES; SPIN PHOTOCURRENTS; RELAXATION; EXCITATION; TRANSITIONS AB The homogeneous and inhomogeneous linewidths of the heavy-hole exciton resonance in a (110)-oriented GaAs multiple-quantum-well sample are measured using optical two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy. By probing the optical nonlinear response for polarization along the in-plane crystal axes [1 (1) over bar0] and [001], we measure different homogeneous linewidths for the two orthogonal directions. This difference is found to be due to anisotropic excitation-induced dephasing, caused by a crystal-axis-dependent absorption coefficient. The extrapolated zero-excitation density homogeneous linewidth exhibits an activation-like temperature dependence. We find that the homogeneous linewidth extrapolated to zero excitation density and temperature is similar to 34 mu eV, while the inhomogeneous linewidth is similar to 1.9 meV for both polarizations. C1 [Singh, Rohan; Autry, Travis M.; Nardin, Gael; Moody, Galan; Li, Hebin; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Singh, Rohan; Autry, Travis M.; Nardin, Gael; Moody, Galan; Li, Hebin; Cundiff, Steven T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Singh, Rohan; Autry, Travis M.; Moody, Galan; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pierz, Klaus; Bieler, Mark] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Singh, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu RI Li, Hebin/A-8711-2009; Nardin, Gael/F-3484-2011; Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Moody, Galan/J-5811-2014; OI Nardin, Gael/0000-0001-6642-0348; Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Moody, Galan/0000-0001-7263-1483; Bieler, Mark/0000-0002-5706-5417 FU Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Energy Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-02ER15346]; Swiss National Science Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX We acknowledge discussions with Mackillo Kira. The work at JILA was primarily supported by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Energy Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, US Department of Energy, under Award No. DE-FG02-02ER15346, as well as NIST. G.N. acknowledges support by the Swiss National Science Foundation. S. T. C. acknowledges funding from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 8 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 4 AR 045304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.045304 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 181LZ UT WOS:000321670400008 ER PT J AU Papp, SB Del'Haye, P Diddams, SA AF Papp, Scott B. Del'Haye, Pascal Diddams, Scott A. TI Mechanical Control of a Microrod-Resonator Optical Frequency Comb SO PHYSICAL REVIEW X LA English DT Article ID GENERATION; MICRORESONATOR; CLOCKS; NOISE; CHIP AB We report on the stabilization of a microresonator-based optical frequency comb (microcomb) by way of mechanical actuation. These experiments use novel CO2-laser-machined microrod resonators, which are introduced here and feature optical Q >= 5 x 10(8), less than 1 minute processing time, and tunable geometry. Residual fluctuations of our 32.6 GHz microcomb line spacing reach a stability level of 5 x 10(-15) for 1 s averaging, thereby highlighting the potential of microcombs to support modern optical-frequency standards. Furthermore, measurements of the line spacing with respect to an independent frequency reference reveal stabilization of different spectral slices of the comb with a <0.5-mHz variation among 140 comb lines spanning 4.5 THz. Together, these results demonstrate an important step in the development of microcombs, namely, that they can be fabricated and precisely controlled with simple and accessible techniques. C1 [Papp, Scott B.; Del'Haye, Pascal; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Papp, SB (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM scott.papp@nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Del'Haye, Pascal/G-2588-2016 OI Del'Haye, Pascal/0000-0002-6517-6942 FU DARPA QuASAR program; NASA; NIST; U.S. National Research Council FX We thank Chris Oates, Kerry Vahala, and Gabe Ycas for their comments on this manuscript. This work is supported by the DARPA QuASAR program, NASA, and NIST. This paper is a contribution of NIST and is not subject to copyright in the United States. Mention of specific trade names does not constitute an endorsement. S. P. acknowledges support from the U.S. National Research Council, and P. D. thanks the Humboldt Foundation for support. NR 35 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 39 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2160-3308 J9 PHYS REV X JI Phys. Rev. X PD JUL 8 PY 2013 VL 3 IS 3 AR 031003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevX.3.031003 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 182MI UT WOS:000321746600002 ER PT J AU Bertrand, CE Chiang, WS Tyagi, M Chen, SH AF Bertrand, C. E. Chiang, W. -S. Tyagi, M. Chen, S. -H. TI Low-temperature water dynamics in an aqueous methanol solution SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; STRONG LIQUID TRANSITION; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; WATER/METHANOL MIXTURES; CONFINED WATER; NEUTRON; SEGREGATION; CROSSOVER; ETHANOL; MODEL AB An aqueous methanol solution (x(MeOH) = 0.30) has been studied by quasielastic neutron scattering. The single-particle water dynamics were effectively isolated by employing deuterated methanol. A smooth dynamic transition to a sub-Arrhenius temperature dependence has been observed in the relaxation times. We associate this behavior with the formation of small crystallites in the system. These findings are compared with molecular dynamics simulations and previous nuclear magnetic resonance measurements. We discuss possible dynamic signatures of structuring in the mixture. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Bertrand, C. E.; Chiang, W. -S.; Chen, S. -H.] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Tyagi, M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tyagi, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chen, SH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM sowhsin@mit.edu RI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014 OI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-90ER45429]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-0944772] FX Research at MIT was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-FG02-90ER45429. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. The identification of commercial products does not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that these are the best for the purpose. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 7 PY 2013 VL 139 IS 1 AR 014505 DI 10.1063/1.4812286 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 182BV UT WOS:000321716400028 PM 23822312 ER PT J AU Orkin, VL Khamaganov, VG Kasimovskaya, EE Guschin, AG AF Orkin, V. L. Khamaganov, V. G. Kasimovskaya, E. E. Guschin, A. G. TI Photochemical Properties of Some Cl-Containing Halogenated Alkanes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET-ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; RATE CONSTANTS; SUBSTITUTED METHANES; HYDROXYL RADICALS; TEMPERATURE-RANGE; OH; KINETICS; CH3CL; HALOALKANES; HALOCARBONS AB Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals with three partially halogenated alkanes, CH3Cl (k(MC)), CHFClCFCl2 (k(122a)), and CH2FCFCl2 (k(132c)), were measured using a discharge flow-electron paramagnetic resonance technique over the temperature range from 298 to 460 K. The temperature dependences of the rate constants can be represented by the expressions k(MC)(298-460 K) = (3.09 +/- 0.94) x 10(-12) exp[-(1411 +/- 85)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), k(122a)(298-460 K) = (1.26 +/- 0.24) x 10(-12) exp[-(1298 +/- 66)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), and k(132c)(298-370 K) = (8.1 +/- 2.2) x 10(-13) exp[-(1247 +/- 89)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The atmospheric lifetimes of CH3Cl, CHFClCFCl2, and CH2FCFCl2 due to their reaction with OH were estimated to be 1.6, 3.5, and 4.5 years, respectively. The UV absorption cross sections of halogenated ethanes, CHFClCFCl2, and CH2FCFCl2, were measured at T = 295 K between 190 and 240 nm, as were those for CHCl2CF2Cl (HCFC-122), CHCl2CF3 (HCFC-123), CHFClCF2Cl (HCFC-123a), and CH3CFCl2 (HCFC-141b). The atmospheric lifetimes due to stratospheric photolysis were also estimated. C1 [Orkin, V. L.; Khamaganov, V. G.; Kasimovskaya, E. E.; Guschin, A. G.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Energy Problems Chem Phys, Moscow 117829, Russia. [Orkin, V. L.; Khamaganov, V. G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Orkin, VL (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Energy Problems Chem Phys, Moscow 117829, Russia. EM vladimir.orkin@nist.gov FU Russian Basic Research Foundation [93-03-112358]; Upper Atmosphere Research Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Special Foundation of Russian Academy of Sciences [1993 A3.03]; NATO CLG Program [ESP.EAP.CLG.983035, EST.CLG979421] FX This work was supported by the Russian Basic Research Foundation, Grant 93-03-112358, and the Upper Atmosphere Research Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. V.G.H. acknowledges the support of Special Foundation of Russian Academy of Sciences, Research Grant, 1993 A3.03. V.L.O. acknowledges the support of NATO CLG Program, Grants ESP.EAP.CLG.983035 and EST.CLG979421. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 4 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 26 BP 5483 EP 5490 DI 10.1021/jp400408y PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 179SV UT WOS:000321542500011 PM 23725515 ER PT J AU Baird, TA Dickson, KA Wegner, NC AF Baird, Troy A. Dickson, Kathryn A. Wegner, Nicholas C. TI Jeffrey Brent Graham OBITUARY SO COPEIA LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Baird, Troy A.] Univ Cent Oklahoma, Dept Biol, Edmond, OK 73034 USA. [Dickson, Kathryn A.] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Biol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. [Wegner, Nicholas C.] NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Baird, TA (reprint author), Univ Cent Oklahoma, Dept Biol, 100 N Univ Dr, Edmond, OK 73034 USA. EM tbaird@uco.edu; kdickson@exchange.fullerton.edu; nick.wegner@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD JUL 3 PY 2013 IS 2 BP 346 EP 350 DI 10.1643/0T-12-169 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AG2WL UT WOS:000335277700021 ER PT J AU Kite-Powell, HL Rubino, MC Morehead, B AF Kite-Powell, Hauke L. Rubino, Michael C. Morehead, Bruce TI THE FUTURE OF US SEAFOOD SUPPLY SO AQUACULTURE ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aquaculture; aquaculture economics; aquaculture policy; seafood supply ID OPEN-OCEAN AQUACULTURE; HUMAN HEALTH; FISH; SALMON; RESOURCES; FISHERIES; RISKS; FOOD AB The United States today imports most of the seafood it consumes. Half of these imports are from aquaculture. Domestic wild capture production is limited and U.S. aquaculture production has declined in recent years. Policy, socioeconomic, and regulatory obstacles stand in the way of expanded U.S. aquaculture production. In this article, we examine the implications of two future paths for seafood supply: an increasing reliance on imports, and a shift toward increased domestic aquaculture production. We examine global trends, likely future developments in U.S. seafood demand and supply, and implications of the path of U.S. aquaculture development for U.S. seafood supply and prices, employment, ecological footprint, and seafood supply security and safety. We conclude with recommendations for a path forward that serves the interests of the nation and the global community in the search for economically sound and sustainable ways to feed a growing population. C1 [Kite-Powell, Hauke L.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Rubino, Michael C.; Morehead, Bruce] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Kite-Powell, HL (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, MS 41, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM hauke@whoi.edu FU Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Morss Colloquium Program; NOAA's Office of Aquaculture entitled "Economic Implications and the Role of U.S. Aquaculture in the Future U.S. Seafood Supply'' FX The content of this article is based in part on a symposium co-sponsored by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Morss Colloquium Program and NOAA's Office of Aquaculture entitled "Economic Implications and the Role of U.S. Aquaculture in the Future U.S. Seafood Supply,'' May 24-25, 2011. We thank all of the participants for their contributions. We also acknowledge the helpful suggestions of two anonymous reviewers. The views expressed in the article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the institutions they represent. NR 72 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 53 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1365-7305 EI 1551-8663 J9 AQUACULT ECON MANAG JI Aquac. Econ. Manag. PD JUL 3 PY 2013 VL 17 IS 3 SI SI BP 228 EP 250 DI 10.1080/13657305.2013.812691 PG 23 WC Economics; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Fisheries GA 202DR UT WOS:000323194200003 ER PT J AU Bergstrom, R Wuttig, M Cullen, J Zavalij, P Briber, R Dennis, C Garlea, VO Laver, M AF Bergstrom, Richard, Jr. Wuttig, Manfred Cullen, James Zavalij, Peter Briber, Robert Dennis, Cindi Garlea, V. Ovidiu Laver, Mark TI Morphotropic Phase Boundaries in Ferromagnets: Tb1-xDyxFe2 Alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; POWDER DIFFRACTION; LAVES COMPOUNDS; MAGNETOSTRICTION AB The structure and properties of the ferromagnet Tb1-xDyxFe2 are explored through the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) separating ferroic phases of differing symmetry. Our synchrotron data support a first order structural transition, with a broadening MPB width at higher temperatures. The optimal point for magnetomechanical applications is not centered on the MPB but lies on the rhombohedral side, where the high striction of the rhombohedral majority phase combines with the softened anisotropy of the MPB. We compare our findings with single ion crystal field theory and with ferroelectric MPBs, where the controlling energies are different. C1 [Bergstrom, Richard, Jr.; Wuttig, Manfred; Cullen, James; Briber, Robert; Laver, Mark] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zavalij, Peter] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dennis, Cindi] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Garlea, V. Ovidiu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37881 USA. [Laver, Mark] Paul Scherrer Inst, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Laver, Mark] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Laver, Mark] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Bergstrom, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Zavalij, Peter/H-3817-2012; Briber, Robert/A-3588-2012; Garlea, Vasile/A-4994-2016 OI Zavalij, Peter/0000-0001-5762-3469; Briber, Robert/0000-0002-8358-5942; Garlea, Vasile/0000-0002-5322-7271 FU DanScatt; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; NSF [DMR D 1206397]; DOE [DESC0005448] FX The authors would like to thank Denis Sheptyakov and Lukas Keller for assistance in obtaining preliminary diffraction patterns at the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source SINQ. M. L. acknowledges support from DanScatt. Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. A portion of this research at ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. This work was sponsored by NSF under Grant No. DMR D 1206397 and benefited from DOE Grant No. DESC0005448. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 48 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 2013 VL 111 IS 1 AR 017203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.017203 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 176BP UT WOS:000321278300017 PM 23863024 ER PT J AU LeBlanc, LJ Beeler, MC Jimenez-Garcia, K Perry, AR Sugawa, S Williams, RA Spielman, IB AF LeBlanc, L. J. Beeler, M. C. Jimenez-Garcia, K. Perry, A. R. Sugawa, S. Williams, R. A. Spielman, I. B. TI Direct observation of zitterbewegung in a Bose-Einstein condensate SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Zitterbewegung, a force-free trembling motion first predicted for relativistic fermions like electrons, was an unexpected consequence of the Dirac equation's unification of quantum mechanics and special relativity. Though the oscillatory motion's large frequency and small amplitude have precluded its measurement with electrons, zitterbewegung is observable via quantum simulation. We engineered an environment for Rb-87 Bose-Einstein condensates where the constituent atoms behaved like relativistic particles subject to the one-dimensional Dirac equation. With direct imaging, we observed the sub-micrometre trembling motion of these clouds, demonstrating the utility of neutral ultracold quantum gases for simulating Dirac particles. C1 [LeBlanc, L. J.; Beeler, M. C.; Jimenez-Garcia, K.; Perry, A. R.; Sugawa, S.; Williams, R. A.; Spielman, I. B.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [LeBlanc, L. J.; Beeler, M. C.; Jimenez-Garcia, K.; Perry, A. R.; Sugawa, S.; Williams, R. A.; Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jimenez-Garcia, K.] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Dept Fis, Mexico City, DF 07360, Mexico. [Williams, R. A.] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington, Middx TW11 0LW, England. RP LeBlanc, LJ (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada. EM lindsay.leblanc@ualberta.ca; ian.spielman@nist.gov OI Williams, Ross/0000-0001-9347-0922 FU Office of Naval Research; Army Research Office; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Optical Lattice Emulator program; Atomtronics Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative; NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at JQI FX We thank V Galitski, G Juzeliunas and R F O'Connell for useful conversations. This work was partially supported by the Office of Naval Research; by the Army Research Office with funds both from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Optical Lattice Emulator program and the Atomtronics Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative; and by the NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at JQI. LJL acknowledges the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, KJ-G acknowledges CONACYT (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia), and MCB acknowledges NIST-American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. NR 37 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 28 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JUL 3 PY 2013 VL 15 AR UNSP 073011 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/15/7/073011 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 176GY UT WOS:000321293200001 ER PT J AU Castaneda, CA Kashyap, TR Nakasone, MA Krueger, S Fushman, D AF Castaneda, Carlos A. Kashyap, Tanuja R. Nakasone, Mark A. Krueger, Susan Fushman, David TI Unique Structural, Dynamical, and Functional Properties of K11-Linked Polyubiquitin Chains SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article ID UBIQUITIN-ASSOCIATED DOMAINS; ROTATIONAL DIFFUSION TENSOR; RESIDUAL DIPOLAR COUPLINGS; INTERDOMAIN ORIENTATION; RELAXATION DATA; NMR RELAXATION; UBA DOMAIN; MACROMOLECULES; RECOGNITION; AFFINITY AB K11-linked polyubiquitin chains play important signaling and regulatory roles in both degradative and nonproteolytic pathways in eukaryotes. To understand the structural basis of how these chains are recognized and distinguished from other polyubiquitins, we determined solution structures of K11-linked diubiquitin (K11-Ub(2)) in the absence and presence of salt. These structures reveal that K11-Ub(2) adopts conformations distinct from those of K48-linked or K63-linked chains. Importantly, our solution NMR and SANS data are inconsistent with published crystal structures of K11-Ub(2). We found that increasing salt concentration compacts K11-Ub(2) and strengthens interactions between the two Ub units. Binding studies indicate that K11-Ub(2) interacts with ubiquitin-receptor proteins from both proteasomal and nonproteasomal pathways but with intermediate affinity and different binding modes than either K48-linked or K63-linked diubiquitin. Our data support the hypothesis that polyubiquitin chains of different linkages possess unique conformational and dynamical properties, allowing them to be recognized differently by downstream receptor proteins. C1 [Castaneda, Carlos A.; Kashyap, Tanuja R.; Nakasone, Mark A.; Fushman, David] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Biomol Struct & Org, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Krueger, Susan] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fushman, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Biomol Struct & Org, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM fushman@umd.edu OI Nakasone, Mark A./0000-0002-1362-191X FU NSF [DMR-0944772]; NIH [GM065334, GM095755] FX We thank M. Rape for providing us with Ube2S plasmid, R.E. Cohen for Rap80 tUIM plasmid, M.H. Glickman for Ubp6 plasmid, and A. Storaska for collecting preliminary data on Rap80 binding to K48-Ub2 and K63-Ub2. This work was funded by an NSF postdoctoral award to C.A.C. and NIH grants GM065334 and GM095755 to D.F. and utilized facilities supported in part by the NSF under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 32 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 16 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD JUL 2 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1168 EP 1181 DI 10.1016/j.str.2013.04.029 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 181PS UT WOS:000321681600014 PM 23823328 ER PT J AU Long, GG Chapman, KW Chupas, PJ Bendersky, LA Levine, LE Mompiou, F Stalick, JK Cahn, JW AF Long, Gabrielle G. Chapman, Karena W. Chupas, Peter J. Bendersky, Leonid A. Levine, Lyle E. Mompiou, Frederic Stalick, Judith K. Cahn, John W. TI Highly Ordered Noncrystalline Metallic Phase SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REFINEMENT AB We report the characterization of a unique metallic glass that, during rapid cooling of an Al-Fe-Si melt, forms by nucleation, followed by growth normal to a moving interface between the solid and melt with partitioning of the chemical elements. We determine experimentally that this is not a polycrystalline composite with nanometer-sized grains, and conclude that this may be a new kind of structure: an atomically ordered, isotropic, noncrystalline solid, possessing no long-range translational symmetry. C1 [Long, Gabrielle G.; Chapman, Karena W.; Chupas, Peter J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Long, Gabrielle G.; Bendersky, Leonid A.; Levine, Lyle E.; Mompiou, Frederic; Cahn, John W.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mompiou, Frederic] CNRS, Ctr Elaborat Mat & Etudes Struct, F-31055 Toulouse, France. [Stalick, Judith K.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cahn, John W.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys & Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Long, GG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gglong@aps.anl.gov FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors thank Frank Biancaniello for alloy preparation, Alexander Shapiro for assisting with the SEM measurements, Maureen Williams for x-ray characterization and Kil-Won Moon for isothermal calorimetry. We thank Marjorie Senechal for useful discussions. The x-ray studies were conducted on beam lines 1-ID and 11-ID at the APS. The APS is an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, and was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2013 VL 111 IS 1 AR 015502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.015502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 175DD UT WOS:000321209200010 PM 23863012 ER PT J AU Nosal, AP Cartamil, DC Long, JW Luhrmann, M Wegner, NC Graham, JB AF Nosal, A.P. Cartami, D.C. Long, J.W. Luhrmann, M. Wegner, N.C. Graham, J.B. TI Demography and movement patterns of leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) aggregating near the head of a submarine canyon along the open coast of southern California, USA (vol 96, pg 865-878, 2013) SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Correction C1 [Nosal, A.P.; Cartami, D.C.; Graham, J.B.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Divers & Concervat, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Long, J.W.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Luhrmann, M.] Univ Rostock, Inst Biol Sci, D-18059 Rostock, Germany. [Wegner, N.C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci, Fisheries Resource Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Nosal, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Divers & Concervat, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM anosal@ucsd.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JUL PY 2013 VL 96 IS 7 BP 879 EP 879 DI 10.1007/s10641-013-0128-4 PG 1 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 153OK UT WOS:000319611600010 ER PT J AU Werner, K Averyt, K Owen, G AF Werner, Kevin Averyt, Kristen Owen, Gigi TI River Forecast Application for Water Management: Oil and Water? SO WEATHER CLIMATE AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE FORECASTS; ENSEMBLES; DECISION; SCIENCE; SYSTEM AB Managing water resources generally and managing reservoir operations specifically have been touted as opportunities for applying forecasts to improve decision making. Previous studies have shown that the application of forecasts into water management is not pervasive. This study uses a scenario-based approach to explore whether and how people implement forecast information into reservoir operations decisions in a workshop setting. Although it was found that participants do utilize both forecast and observed information, they generally do not utilize probabilistic forecast information in a manner to appropriately minimize risks associated with the tail end of the forecast distribution. This study found strong tendencies for participants to wait for observed information, as opposed to forecast information, before making decisions. In addition, study participants tended to make decisions based on median forecast values instead of considering forecast probability. These findings support the development of quantitative decision support systems to optimally utilize probabilistic forecasts as well as for forecast agencies such as NOAA/NWS to continue investments in work to better understand contexts and environments where forecasts are used or have the potential for use in supporting water management decisions. C1 [Werner, Kevin] NOAA, Colorado Basin River Forecast Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. [Averyt, Kristen] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci & Western Water As, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Owen, Gigi] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Werner, K (reprint author), NOAA, Colorado Basin River Forecast Ctr, 2242 West North Temple, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. EM kevin.werner@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1948-8327 EI 1948-8335 J9 WEATHER CLIM SOC JI Weather Clim. Soc. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 5 IS 3 BP 244 EP 253 DI 10.1175/WCAS-D-12-00044.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 301MO UT WOS:000330536600006 ER PT J AU Kirstetter, PE Andrieu, H Boudevillain, B Delrieu, G AF Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel Andrieu, Herve Boudevillain, Brice Delrieu, Guy TI A Physically Based Identification of Vertical Profiles of Reflectivity from Volume Scan Radar Data SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; MELTING-LAYER; RAINFALL ESTIMATION; BRIGHT BAND; OPERATIONAL RADAR; RAINDROP SPECTRA; INVERSE METHOD; ICE PARTICLES; WATER-CONTENT; PRECIPITATION AB The vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) must be identified to correct estimations of rainfall rates by radar for the nonuniform beam filling associated with the vertical variation of radar reflectivity. A method for identifying VPRs from volumetric radar data is presented that takes into account the radar sampling. Physically based constraints on the vertical structure of rainfall are introduced with simple VPR models within a rainfall classification procedure defining more homogeneous precipitation patterns. The model parameters are identified in the framework of an extended Kalman filter to ensure their temporal consistency. The method is assessed using the dataset from a volume-scanning strategy for radar quantitative precipitation estimation designed in 2002 for the Bollene radar (France). The physical consistency of the retrieved VPR is evaluated. Positive results are obtained insofar as the physically based identified VPR (i) presents physically consistent shapes and characteristics considering beam effects, (ii) shows improved robustness in the difficult radar measurement context of the Cevennes-Vivarais region, and (iii) provides consistent physical insight into the rain field. C1 [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Andrieu, Herve] Univ Nantes Angers Le Mans, IFSTTAR, Dept GER, Bouguenais, France. [Andrieu, Herve] Univ Nantes Angers Le Mans, IRSTV FR CNRS 2488, Bouguenais, France. [Boudevillain, Brice; Delrieu, Guy] UJF Grenoble 1, Lab Etude Transferts Hydrol & Environm, CNRS, G INP,IRD,UMR 5564, Grenoble, France. RP Kirstetter, PE (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Rm 4706, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM pierre.kirstetter@noaa.gov RI Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013 OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229 FU FP6 HYDRATE STREP of the European Community [GOCE 037024]; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales; NASA Global Precipitation Measurement mission Ground Validation Management FX This work was funded by the FP6 HYDRATE STREP (GOCE 037024) of the European Community, a postdoctoral grant from the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, and a postdoctoral grant from the NASA Global Precipitation Measurement mission Ground Validation Management. The study documented in this paper began when the first author was a doctoral student at the Laboratoire d'etude des Transferts en Hydrologie et Environnement, Grenoble, France. The first author thanks Nicolas Viltard and Yvon Lemaitre for their fruitful comments on the mesoscale convective systems dynamics. NR 57 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 52 IS 7 BP 1645 EP 1663 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0228.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 300HH UT WOS:000330454500010 ER PT J AU Fitch, AC Lundquist, JK Olson, JB AF Fitch, Anna C. Lundquist, Julie K. Olson, Joseph B. TI Mesoscale Influences of Wind Farms throughout a Diurnal Cycle SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; TURBINE WAKES; IMPACTS; CLIMATE; ENERGY; POWER; MODEL AB Large wind farms are expected to influence local and regional atmospheric circulations. Using a mesoscale parameterization of the effects of wind farms that includes a momentum sink and a wind speed-dependent source of turbulent kinetic energy, simulations were carried out to quantify the impact of a wind farm on an atmospheric boundary layer throughout a diurnal cycle. The presence of a wind farm covering 10 km x 10 km is found to have a significant impact on the local atmospheric flow and on regions up to 60 km downwind at night. Daytime convective conditions show little impact of the wind farm on wind speeds, as the momentum deficits generated by the wind farm rapidly mix through the depth of the boundary layer. At night, the stable layer within the rotor area inhibits turbulent mixing of the momentum deficit, leading to a shallower wake and a greater reduction in the wind speed within the wake. Although a low-level jet forms at altitudes within the rotor area in the hours before dawn, it is completely eliminated within the wind farm. At night, a maximum warming of 1 K is seen at the bottom of the rotor area. Near the surface, there is less warming (0.5 K). Downwind, the surface temperature perturbation is small, with a cooling of up to 0.3 K. Over the simulation period, the mean temperature change over the wind farm area at 2 m is a very slight warming (0.2 K). Mean temperature changes downwind are negligible. Other influences on turbulent kinetic energy, surface heat fluxes, and boundary layer height, are discussed. C1 [Fitch, Anna C.] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway. [Fitch, Anna C.] Uni Res, Bergen, Norway. [Fitch, Anna C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Lundquist, Julie K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lundquist, Julie K.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Olson, Joseph B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Olson, Joseph B.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Fitch, AC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM fitch@ucar.edu RI Olson, Joseph/N-3726-2014; OI Olson, Joseph/0000-0003-3612-0808; LUNDQUIST, JULIE/0000-0001-5490-2702 FU NORCOWE; NREL LDRD [06501101] FX We wish to thank REpower for providing the thrust and power coefficients for the 5M turbine. We express our appreciation for research funding from a variety of sources. Funding for ACF is from NORCOWE, and support for JKL is from NREL LDRD 06501101. We thank Jimy Dudhia for useful discussions. All the simulations were performed on the NREL/Sandia Red Mesa high-performance computing system. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. NR 34 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 141 IS 7 BP 2173 EP 2198 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00185.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 301ET UT WOS:000330516300003 ER PT J AU Calhoun, KM MacGorman, DR Ziegler, CL Biggerstaff, MI AF Calhoun, Kristin M. MacGorman, Donald R. Ziegler, Conrad L. Biggerstaff, Michael I. TI Evolution of Lightning Activity and Storm Charge Relative to Dual-Doppler Analysis of a High-Precipitation Supercell Storm SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID POLARITY ELECTRICAL STRUCTURES; TORNADIC STORM; THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION; MULTICELL STORM; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; SINGLE-DOPPLER; UNITED-STATES; SPACE-CHARGE; STEPS; SYSTEM AB A high-precipitation tornadic supercell storm was observed on 29-30 May 2004 during the Thunderstorm Electrification and Lightning Experiment. Observational systems included the Oklahoma Lightning Mapping Array, mobile balloon-borne soundings, and two mobile C-band radars. The spatial distribution and evolution of lightning are related to storm kinematics and microphysics, specifically through regions of microphysical charging and the location and geometry of those charge regions. Lightning flashes near the core of this storm were extraordinarily frequent, but tended to be of shorter duration and smaller horizontal extent than typical flashes elsewhere. This is hypothesized to be due to the charge being in many small pockets, with opposite polarities of charge close together in adjoining pockets. Thus, each polarity of lightning leader could propagate only a relatively short distance before reaching regions of unfavorable electric potential. In the anvil, however, lightning extended tens of kilometers from the reflectivity cores in roughly horizontal layers, consistent with the charge spreading through the anvil in broad sheets. The strong, consistent updraft of this high-precipitation supercell storm combined with the large hydrometeor concentrations to produce the extremely high flash rates observed during the analysis period. The strength and size of the updraft also contributed to unique lightning characteristics such as the transient hole of reduced lightning density and discharges in the overshooting top. C1 [Calhoun, Kristin M.] Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. [Calhoun, Kristin M.; MacGorman, Donald R.; Ziegler, Conrad L.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Biggerstaff, Michael I.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Calhoun, KM (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM kristin.kuhlman@noaa.gov OI MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196; Biggerstaff, Michael/0000-0002-6690-784X FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0233268, ATM-1063537, ATM-0802717] FX This research was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grants ATM-0233268, ATM-1063537, and ATM-0802717. All environmental surface data were provided by the Oklahoma Mesonet. The authors thank Jerry Straka, Stu Ryan, William Beasley, and three anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions regarding this work. This study would not have been possible without the participants in the TELEX field program including more than 30 students from the University of Oklahoma. NR 86 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 141 IS 7 BP 2199 EP 2223 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00258.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 301ET UT WOS:000330516300004 ER PT J AU Jones, TA Stensrud, DJ Minnis, P Palikonda, R AF Jones, Thomas A. Stensrud, David J. Minnis, Patrick Palikonda, Rabindra TI Evaluation of a Forward Operator to Assimilate Cloud Water Path into WRF-DART SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; INFRARED SATELLITE RADIANCES; SSI ANALYSIS SYSTEM; BULK MICROPHYSICS; PART I; MODIS DATA; RADAR DATA; MODEL; THUNDERSTORM AB Assimilating satellite-retrieved cloud properties into storm-scale models has received limited attention despite its potential to provide a wide array of information to a model analysis. Available retrievals include cloud water path (CWP), which represents the amount of cloud water and cloud ice present in an integrated column, and cloud-top and cloud-base pressures, which represent the top and bottom pressure levels of the cloud layers, respectively. These interrelated data are assimilated into an Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting Model (ARW-WRF) 40-member ensemble with 3-km grid spacing using the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) ensemble Kalman filter. A new CWP forward operator combines the satellite-derived cloud information with similar variables generated by WRF. This approach is tested using a severe weather event on 10 May 2010. One experiment only assimilates conventional (CONV) observations, while the second assimilates the identical conventional observations and the satellite-derived CWP (PATH). Comparison of the CWP observations at 2045 UTC to CONV and PATH analyses shows that PATH has an improved representation of both the magnitude and spatial orientation of CWP compared to CONV. Assimilating CWP acts both to suppress convection in the model where none is present in satellite data and to encourage convection where it is observed. Oklahoma Mesonet observations of downward shortwave flux at 2100 UTC indicate that PATH reduces the root-mean-square difference errors in downward shortwave flux by 75 W m(-2) compared to CONV. Reduction in model error is generally maximized during the initial 30-min forecast period with the impact of CWP observations decreasing for longer forecast times. C1 [Jones, Thomas A.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Stensrud, David J.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Minnis, Patrick] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Palikonda, Rabindra] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Jones, TA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM thomas.jones@noaa.gov RI Minnis, Patrick/G-1902-2010 OI Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148 FU NOAA/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under U.S. Department of Commerce; NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP) Program; GOES-R Program; Department of Energy Atmospheric Science Research Program [DE-SC0000991/003] FX We appreciate the two anonymous reviewers whose comments improved the quality of this work. Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) level 2 radar reflectivity were retrieved from National Climatic Data Center archives. Mesonet data were kindly provided by the Oklahoma Climatological Survey. Nancy Collins at the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research provided invaluable assistance in helping debug certain parts of the new CWP forward operator. This research was supported by the NOAA/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service. Partial funding for this research was also provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, under the U.S. Department of Commerce. P. Minnis and R. Palikonda are supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP) Program, the GOES-R Program, and by the Department of Energy Atmospheric Science Research Program under Interagency Agreement DE-SC0000991/003. (The near-real-time satellite analyses can be accessed for a variety of domains at http://angler.larc.nasa.gov/.) NR 62 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 141 IS 7 BP 2272 EP 2289 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00238.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 301ET UT WOS:000330516300008 ER PT J AU Sraj, I Iskandarani, M Srinivasan, A Thacker, WC Winokur, J Alexanderian, A Lee, CY Chen, SS Knio, OM AF Sraj, Ihab Iskandarani, Mohamed Srinivasan, Ashwanth Thacker, W. Carlisle Winokur, Justin Alexanderian, Alen Lee, Chia-Ying Chen, Shuyi S. Knio, Omar M. TI Bayesian Inference of Drag Parameters Using AXBT Data from Typhoon Fanapi SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID OCEAN MODEL HYCOM; POLYNOMIAL CHAOS EXPANSION; TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; WIND SPEEDS; VERTICAL COORDINATE; MOMENTUM EXCHANGE; TURBULENT FLUXES; SMOLYAK CUBATURE AB The authors introduce a three-parameter characterization of the wind speed dependence of the drag coefficient and apply a Bayesian formalism to infer values for these parameters from airborne expendable bathythermograph (AXBT) temperature data obtained during Typhoon Fanapi. One parameter is a multiplicative factor that amplifies or attenuates the drag coefficient for all wind speeds, the second is the maximum wind speed at which drag coefficient saturation occurs, and the third is the drag coefficient's rate of change with increasing wind speed after saturation. Bayesian inference provides optimal estimates of the parameters as well as a non-Gaussian probability distribution characterizing the uncertainty of these estimates. The efficiency of this approach stems from the use of adaptive polynomial expansions to build an inexpensive surrogate for the high-resolution numerical model that couples simulated winds to the oceanic temperature data, dramatically reducing the computational burden of the Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. These results indicate that the most likely values for the drag coefficient saturation and the corresponding wind speed are about 2.3 x 10(-3) and 34ms(-1), respectively; the data were not informative regarding the drag coefficient behavior at higher wind speeds. C1 [Sraj, Ihab; Winokur, Justin; Knio, Omar M.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Iskandarani, Mohamed; Srinivasan, Ashwanth; Thacker, W. Carlisle; Lee, Chia-Ying; Chen, Shuyi S.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Thacker, W. Carlisle] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Alexanderian, Alen] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Knio, OM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM omar.knio@duke.edu RI alexanderian, alen/L-2124-2014; Thacker, Carlisle/I-3813-2013; OI Thacker, Carlisle/0000-0002-9285-8826; Sraj, Ihab/0000-0002-6158-472X FU Office of Naval Research Award [N00014-101-0498]; Department Research Initiative (DRI) ITOP [N00014-08-1-0576]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research [DE-SC0007020]; Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative [SA1207GOMRI005, SA12GOMRI008] FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research Award N00014-101-0498 and Department Research Initiative (DRI) ITOP Grant N00014-08-1-0576, by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Award DE-SC0007020, and by the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Contracts SA1207GOMRI005 (CARTHE) and SA12GOMRI008 (DEEP-C). We thank Jeff Kerlings, Robert Lee, Peter Black, and the 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron of the Air Force Reserve Command for the AXBT deployment during ITOP. We would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on improving this manuscript. NR 78 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 141 IS 7 BP 2347 EP 2367 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00228.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 301ET UT WOS:000330516300012 ER PT J AU Cione, JJ Kalina, EA Zhang, JA Uhlhorn, EW AF Cione, Joseph J. Kalina, Evan A. Zhang, Jun A. Uhlhorn, Eric W. TI Observations of Air-Sea Interaction and Intensity Change in Hurricanes SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; EQUIVALENT POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE; OCEAN THERMAL STRUCTURE; NORTH PACIFIC BASINS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PART II; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; PREDICTION; ATLANTIC AB Recent enhancements to the tropical cyclone-buoy database (TCBD) have incorporated data from the Extended Best Track (EBT) and the Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (SHIPS) archive for tropical cyclones between 1975 and 2007. This information is used to analyze the relationships between large-scale atmospheric parameters, radial and shear-relative air-sea structure, and intensity change in strengthening and weakening hurricanes. Observations from this research illustrate that the direction of the large-scale vertical wind shear at mid-to low levels can impact atmospheric moisture conditions found near the surface. Drier low-level environments were associated with northerly shear conditions. In a separate analysis comparing strengthening and weakening hurricanes, drier surface conditions were also found for the intensifying sample. Since SST conditions were similar for both groups of storms, it is likely that the atmosphere was primarily responsible for modifying the near-surface thermodynamic environment (and ultimately surface moisture flux conditions) for this particular analysis. C1 [Cione, Joseph J.; Uhlhorn, Eric W.] NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33176 USA. [Kalina, Evan A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, CIMAS, RSMAS, Miami, FL USA. RP Cione, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33176 USA. EM joe.cione@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012; CIONE, JOSEPH/B-2973-2014 OI CIONE, JOSEPH/0000-0002-2011-887X NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 141 IS 7 BP 2368 EP 2382 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00070.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 301ET UT WOS:000330516300013 ER PT J AU Misra, V DiNapoli, S Powell, M AF Misra, V. DiNapoli, S. Powell, M. TI The Track Integrated Kinetic Energy of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; CLIMATE; INTENSITY AB In this paper the concept of track integrated kinetic energy (TIKE) is introduced as a measure of seasonal Atlantic tropical cyclone activity and applied to seasonal variability in the Atlantic. It is similar in concept to the more commonly used accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) with an important difference that in TIKE the integrated kinetic energy (IKE) is accumulated for the life span of the Atlantic tropical cyclone. The IKE is, however, computed by volume integrating the 10-m level sustained winds of tropical strength or higher quadrant by quadrant, while ACE uses the maximum sustained winds only without accounting for the structure of the storm. In effect TIKE accounts for the intensity, duration, and size of the tropical cyclones. In this research, the authors have examined the seasonality and the interannual variations of the seasonal Atlantic TIKE over a period of 22 yr from 1990 to 2011. It is found that the Atlantic TIKE climatologically peaks in the month of September and the frequency of storms with the largest TIKE are highest in the eastern tropical Atlantic. The interannual variations of the Atlantic TIKE reveal that it is likely influenced by SST variations in the equatorial Pacific and in the Atlantic Oceans. The SST variations in the central equatorial Pacific are negatively correlated with the contemporaneous seasonal (June-November) TIKE. The size of the Atlantic warm pool (AWP) is positively correlated with seasonal TIKE. C1 [Misra, V.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. [Misra, V.; DiNapoli, S.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. [Misra, V.] Florida State Univ, Florida Climate Inst, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. [Powell, M.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Misra, V (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 1017 Acad Way,404 Love Bldg, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. EM vmisra@fsu.edu FU NOAA [NA12OAR4310078, NA10OAR4310215, NA11OAR4310110]; USGS [06HQGR0125]; USDA [027865] FX We thank Michael Kozar with assistance in the generation of some of the figures. We would also like to thank one anonymous reviewer and Mike Fiorino for their insightful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from NOAA (Grants NA12OAR4310078, NA10OAR4310215, and NA11OAR4310110), USGS (Grant 06HQGR0125), and USDA (Grant 027865). NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 141 IS 7 BP 2383 EP 2389 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00349.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 301ET UT WOS:000330516300014 ER PT J AU Fierro, AO Mansell, ER MacGorman, DR Ziegler, CL AF Fierro, Alexandre O. Mansell, Edward R. MacGorman, Donald R. Ziegler, Conrad L. TI The Implementation of an Explicit Charging and Discharge Lightning Scheme within the WRF-ARW Model: Benchmark Simulations of a Continental Squall Line, a Tropical Cyclone, and a Winter Storm SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATION; MESOSCALE ETA-MODEL; THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION; PART I; UNITED-STATES; TOGA COARE; RIMING ELECTRIFICATION; RIME ACCRETION; WATER-VAPOR; HURRICANE AB This work describes the recent implementation of explicit lightning physics within the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. Charging of hydrometeors consists of five distinct noninductive parameterizations, polarization of cloud water, and the exchange of charge during collisional mass transfer. The three components of the ambient electric field are explicitly solved for via the computationally efficient multigrid elliptic solver. The discharge process employs concepts adapted from two well-documented bulk lightning models, whereby charge reduction is imposed within a prescribed volume centered at grid points characterized by electric field magnitudes exceeding a given breakdown threshold. This lightning model was evaluated through benchmark convection-allowing (3 km) model simulations of three contrasting convective systems: a continental squall line, a major hurricane (Rita 2005), and a winter storm. The areal coverage and magnitude of the simulated hourly flash origin density (FOD) for the continental squall line are qualitatively comparable to that of the total lightning data observations from Earth Networks Total Lightning Network (ENTLN). In agreement with the ENTLN observations, no FOD are simulated for the winter storm case. The simulated spatial FOD pattern of the hurricane and the eyewall gross charge structure were both in reasonable agreement with observations. The simulated FOD for all three cases were also evaluated against those obtained with the recently developed McCaul diagnostic lightning prediction schemes and exhibited overall good qualitative agreement with each other for Rita and the continental squall line. C1 [Fierro, Alexandre O.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Fierro, Alexandre O.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Mansell, Edward R.; MacGorman, Donald R.; Ziegler, Conrad L.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Fierro, AO (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, CIMMS, Suite 2100,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM alex.fierro@noaa.gov RI Fierro, Alexandre/C-4733-2014; OI Fierro, Alexandre/0000-0002-4859-1255; MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072]; NESDIS program under National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce [NOAA-NESDIS-OAR-NA08OAR4320904] FX Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. This work was also supported by the NESDIS program, which is under the auspices of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce under Grant NOAA-NESDIS-OAR-NA08OAR4320904. Computer resources were provided by the Oklahoma Supercomputing Center for Education and Research (OSCER) hosted at the University of Oklahoma. The authors thank Scott Dembek for providing the 40-km NAM data and Ami Arthur for providing the NSSL three-dimensional NMQ radar mosaic data. Thanks also go out to Bill Callahan, Benny Chukrun, Stan Heckman, and Jim Anderson from Earth Networks for providing the total lightning data for two of the case studies. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Eugene McCaul and two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 92 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 141 IS 7 BP 2390 EP 2415 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00278.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 301ET UT WOS:000330516300015 ER PT J AU Alcott, TI Steenburgh, WJ AF Alcott, Trevor I. Steenburgh, W. James TI Orographic Influences on a Great Salt Lake-Effect Snowstorm SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TOPOGRAPHICALLY FORCED CONVERGENCE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; MOUNTAIN WINTER STORM; SNAKE RIVER PLAIN; EFFECT SNOW; PRECIPITATION EVENTS; CELLULAR CONVECTION; NUMERICAL-MODEL; IPEX IOP3; EVOLUTION AB Although several mountain ranges surround the Great Salt Lake (GSL) of northern Utah, the extent to which orography modifies GSL-effect precipitation remains largely unknown. Here the authors use observational and numerical modeling approaches to examine the influence of orography on the GSL-effect snowstorm of 27 October 2010, which generated 6-10 mm of precipitation (snow-water equivalent) in the Salt Lake Valley and up to 30 cm of snow in the Wasatch Mountains. The authors find that the primary orographic influences on the event are 1) foehnlike flow over the upstream orography that warms and dries the incipient low-level air mass and reduces precipitation coverage and intensity; 2) orographically forced convergence that extends downstream from the upstream orography, is enhanced by blocking windward of the Promontory Mountains, and affects the structure and evolution of the lake-effect precipitation band; and 3) blocking by the Wasatch and Oquirrh Mountains, which funnels the flow into the Salt Lake Valley, reinforces the thermally driven convergence generated by the GSL, and strongly enhances precipitation. The latter represents a synergistic interaction between lake and downstream orographic processes that is crucial for precipitation development, with a dramatic decrease in precipitation intensity and coverage evident in simulations in which either the lake or the orography are removed. These results help elucidate the spectrum of lake-orographic processes that contribute to lake-effect events and may be broadly applicable to other regions where lake effect precipitation occurs in proximity to complex terrain. C1 [Alcott, Trevor I.] Western Reg Headquarters, Natl Weather Serv, Salt Lake City, UT 84103 USA. [Steenburgh, W. James] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Alcott, TI (reprint author), Western Reg Headquarters, Natl Weather Serv, 125 S State St, Salt Lake City, UT 84103 USA. EM trevor.alcott@noaa.gov RI Alcott, Trevor/K-1427-2015 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-0938611]; NOAA/National Weather Service CSTAR program FX We thank Meteorologist-in-Charge Larry Dunn and Science Operations Officer Randy Graham of the National Weather Service Forecast Office in Salt Lake City for their guidance and two anonymous reviewers for comments and suggestions that helped strengthen the manuscript. This work was conducted in pursuit of a Doctor of Philosophy degree and we thank committee members John Horel, Steven Krueger, and Neil Laird. We gratefully acknowledge the provision of datasets, software, and/or computer time and services provided by NCDC, NCEP, NCAR, Unidata, the University of Wyoming, and the University of Utah Center for High Performance Computing. This article is based in part on research supported by Grant AGS-0938611 from the National Science Foundation and a series of grants provided by the NOAA/National Weather Service CSTAR program. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Science Foundation or the NOAA/National Weather Service. NR 64 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 141 IS 7 BP 2432 EP 2450 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00328.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 301ET UT WOS:000330516300017 ER PT J AU Veenhuis, BA AF Veenhuis, Bruce A. TI Spread Calibration of Ensemble MOS Forecasts SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MODEL OUTPUT STATISTICS; PREDICTION SYSTEM; SKILL; RELIABILITY; ERROR; ECMWF; DISTRIBUTIONS; UNCERTAINTY; TEMPERATURE; REFORECASTS AB Ensemble forecasting systems often contain systematic biases and spread deficiencies that can be corrected by statistical postprocessing. This study presents an improvement to an ensemble statistical postprocessing technique, called ensemble kernel density model output statistics (EKDMOS). EKDMOS uses model output statistics (MOS) equations and spread-skill relationships to generate calibrated probabilistic forecasts. The MOS equations are multiple linear regression equations developed by relating observations to ensemble mean-based predictors. The spread-skill relationships are one-term linear regression equations that predict the expected accuracy of the ensemble mean given the ensemble spread. To generate an EKDMOS forecast, the MOS equations are applied to each ensemble member. Kernel density fitting is used to create a probability density function (PDF) from the ensemble MOS forecasts. The PDF spread is adjusted to match the spread predicted by the spread-skill relationship, producing a calibrated forecast. The improved EKDMOS technique was used to produce probabilistic 2-m temperature forecasts from the North American Ensemble Forecast System (NAEFS) over the period 1 October 2007-31 March 2010. The results were compared with an earlier spread adjustment technique, as well as forecasts generated by rank sorting the bias-corrected ensemble members. Compared to the other techniques, the new EKDMOS forecasts were more reliable, had a better calibrated spread-error relationship, and showed increased day-to-day spread variability. C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Meteorol Dev Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Veenhuis, BA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Meteorol Dev Lab, Room 10400,1325 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM bruce.veenhuis@noaa.gov NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 141 IS 7 BP 2467 EP 2482 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00191.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 301ET UT WOS:000330516300019 ER PT J AU Chen, X Andronova, N Van Leer, B Penner, JE Boyd, JP Jablonowski, C Lin, SJ AF Chen, Xi Andronova, Natalia Van Leer, Bram Penner, Joyce E. Boyd, John P. Jablonowski, Christiane Lin, Shian-Jiann TI A Control-Volume Model of the Compressible Euler Equations with a Vertical Lagrangian Coordinate SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC MODEL; DYNAMICAL CORE; GLOBAL-MODELS; FORMULATION; PRESSURE; CONVECTION; STABILITY; SPHERE AB Accurate and stable numerical discretization of the equations for the nonhydrostatic atmosphere is required, for example, to resolve interactions between clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere. Here the authors present a modification of the hydrostatic control-volume approach for solving the nonhydrostatic Euler equations with a Lagrangian vertical coordinate. A scheme with low numerical diffusion is achieved by introducing a low Mach number approximate Riemann solver (LMARS) for atmospheric flows. LMARS is a flexible way to ensure stability for finite-volume numerical schemes in both Eulerian and vertical Lagrangian configurations. This new approach is validated on test cases using a 2D (x-z) configuration. C1 [Chen, Xi; Andronova, Natalia; Van Leer, Bram; Penner, Joyce E.; Boyd, John P.; Jablonowski, Christiane] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Lin, Shian-Jiann] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Chen, X (reprint author), Univ Michigan, 2455 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM xic@umich.edu RI Jablonowski, Christiane/I-9068-2012; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; OI Jablonowski, Christiane/0000-0003-0407-0092; Boyd, John/0000-0003-3737-9715; Chen, Xi/0000-0002-9952-9048 FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-01ER63248] FX The authors thank the two anonymous reviewers and the editor for their very helpful commentary in improving this work. This work was supported by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, Award DE-FG02-01ER63248. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 141 IS 7 BP 2526 EP 2544 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00129.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 301ET UT WOS:000330516300023 ER PT J AU Chen, L Yu, YQ Sun, DZ AF Chen, Lin Yu, Yongqiang Sun, De-Zheng TI Cloud and Water Vapor Feedbacks to the El Nino Warming: Are They Still Biased in CMIP5 Models? SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; DOUBLE-ITCZ PROBLEM; ATMOSPHERE FEEDBACKS; DYNAMICAL FEEDBACKS; CLIMATE FEEDBACKS; TROPICAL OCEANS; COLD-TONGUE; PACIFIC; BUDGET AB Previous evaluations of model simulations of the cloud and water vapor feedbacks in response to El Nino warming have singled out two common biases in models from phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3): an underestimate of the negative feedback from the shortwave cloud radiative forcing (SWCRF) and an overestimate of the positive feedback from the greenhouse effect of water vapor. Here, the authors check whether these two biases are alleviated in the CMIP5 models. While encouraging improvements are found, particularly in the simulation of the negative SWCRF feedback, the biases in the simulation of these two feedbacks remain prevalent and significant. It is shown that bias in the SWCRF feedback correlates well with biases in the corresponding feedbacks from precipitation, large-scale circulation, and longwave radiative forcing of clouds (LWCRF). By dividing CMIP5 models into two categories-high score models (HSM) and low score models (LSM)-based on their individual skills of simulating the SWCRF feedback, the authors further find that ocean-atmosphere coupling generally lowers the score of the simulated feedbacks of water vapor and clouds but that the LSM is more affected by the coupling than the HSM. They also find that the SWCRF feedback is simulated better in the models that have a more realistic zonal extent of the equatorial cold tongue, suggesting that the continuing existence of an excessive cold tongue is a key factor behind the persistence of the feedback biases in models. C1 [Chen, Lin; Yu, Yongqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, LASG, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Chen, Lin] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Sun, De-Zheng] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sun, De-Zheng] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Yu, YQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, LASG, Inst Atmospher Phys, 40 Hua Yan Li, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM yyq@lasg.iap.ac.cn RI Yu, Yongqiang /K-7808-2012 OI Yu, Yongqiang /0000-0001-8596-3583 FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA05110302]; National Key Program for Developing Basic Sciences [2010CB950502]; U.S. National Science Foundation Climate Dynamics Program [AGS 0852329]; NOAA office of global program (MAPP); NOAA office of global program (ESS) FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive and insightful comments. The discussion with Dr. Li Lijuan about the model FGOLAS-g2 is gratefully acknowledged. This study is jointly supported by the "Strategic Priority Research Program Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Relevant Issues" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant XDA05110302), the National Key Program for Developing Basic Sciences Grant 2010CB950502, the U.S. National Science Foundation Climate Dynamics Program under AGS 0852329, and grants from the NOAA office of global programs (MAPP and ESS). We also acknowledge the modeling groups, the PCMDI and the World Climate Research Programme's (WCRP) Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP5 multimodel dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 47 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 26 IS 14 BP 4947 EP 4961 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00575.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 301EK UT WOS:000330515400004 ER PT J AU Muller, C AF Muller, Caroline TI Impact of Convective Organization on the Response of Tropical Precipitation Extremes to Warming SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL-CIRCULATION; LIVED SQUALL LINES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; SELF-AGGREGATION; MOIST CONVECTION; SIMULATIONS; CLOUD; MODEL; EQUILIBRIUM AB In this study the response of tropical precipitation extremes to warming in organized convection is examined using a cloud-resolving model. Vertical shear is imposed to organize the convection into squall lines. Earlier studies show that in disorganized convection, the fractional increase of precipitation extremes is similar to that of surface water vapor, which is substantially smaller than the increase in column water vapor. It has been suggested that organized convection could lead to stronger amplifications. Regardless of the strength of the shear, amplifications of precipitation extremes in the cloud-resolving simulations are comparable to those of surface water vapor and are substantially less than increases in column water vapor. The results without shear and with critical shear, for which the squall lines are perpendicular to the shear, are surprisingly similar with a fractional rate of increase of precipitation extremes slightly smaller than that of surface water vapor. Interestingly, the dependence on shear is nonmonotonic, and stronger supercritical shear yields larger rates, close to or slightly larger than surface humidity. A scaling is used to evaluate the thermodynamic and dynamic contributions to precipitation extreme changes. To first order, they are dominated by the thermodynamic component, which has the same magnitude for all shears, close to the change in surface water vapor. The dynamic contribution plays a secondary role and tends to weaken extremes without shear and with critical shear, while it strengthens extremes with supercritical shear. These different dynamic contributions for different shears are due to different responses of convective mass fluxes in individual updrafts to warming. C1 [Muller, Caroline] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Muller, Caroline] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Hydrodynam LadHyX, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Muller, C (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Hydrodynam LadHyX, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. EM carolinemuller123@gmail.com FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0006841] FX The author would like to thank Isaac Held and Steve Garner for useful discussions about this work, Andrew Singleton and Ralf Toumi for providing further details about their simulations, and Kerry Emanuel for critical reading of the manuscript. Financial support for this work under the U.S. Department of Energy Grant DE-SC0006841 is gratefully acknowledged. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 26 IS 14 BP 5028 EP 5043 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00655.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 301EK UT WOS:000330515400009 ER PT J AU Park, DSR Ho, CH Kim, JH Kim, HS AF Park, Doo-Sun R. Ho, Chang-Hoi Kim, Joo-Hong Kim, Hyeong-Seog TI Spatially Inhomogeneous Trends of Tropical Cyclone Intensity over the Western North Pacific for 1977-2010 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; OCEAN THERMAL STRUCTURE; HURRICANE INTENSITY; TYPHOON ACTIVITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COUPLED MODEL; PART I; FREQUENCY; INTENSIFICATION; DEPENDENCE AB The spatial distribution of trends in tropical cyclone (TC) intensity over the western North Pacific Ocean (WNP) during the period 1977-2010 was examined using five TC datasets. The spatial distribution of the TC intensity was expressed by seasonally averaged maximum wind speeds in 5 degrees x 5 degrees horizontal grids. The trends showed a spatial inhomogeneity, with a weakening in the tropical Philippine Sea (TP) and a strengthening in southern Japan and its southeastern ocean (SJ). This distribution could be described by TC intensification rate and genesis frequency, with the aid of the climatological direction of TC movement. The increasing intensification rate around the center of the WNP could mostly account for the increasing intensity over the SJ region, while the influence of both intensification rate and local genesis frequency mattered in the TP region because of the effect of the newly generated and less-developed weak TCs on the TC intensity. Thermodynamic variables (e. g., sea surface temperature, potential intensity, and 26 degrees C isotherm depth) showed almost homogeneous changes in space, possibly favoring intensification rate and genesis frequency over the entire WNP. However, the decreasing intensification rate and genesis frequency in some tropical regions conflicted with the impact of thermodynamic variables; rather, they were in accord with the impact of dynamic variables (i.e., vorticity and wind shear). In conclusion, the spatially inhomogeneous trends in TC intensity could be explained by considering the thermodynamic and dynamic aspects in combination through intensification rate and genesis frequency. C1 [Park, Doo-Sun R.; Ho, Chang-Hoi] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea. [Kim, Joo-Hong] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Ansan, South Korea. [Kim, Hyeong-Seog] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kim, Hyeong-Seog] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), Korea Polar Res Inst, 12 Gaetbeol Ro, Inchon 406840, South Korea. EM jhkim004@gmail.com RI Park, Doo-Sun/H-2793-2014; Kim, Hyeong-Seog/F-4496-2010; Kim, Joo-Hong/J-8929-2012; Ho, Chang-Hoi/H-8354-2015 OI Park, Doo-Sun/0000-0002-4871-1341; Kim, Hyeong-Seog/0000-0003-2577-3301; Kim, Joo-Hong/0000-0003-3087-9864; FU Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant Center for Atmospheric Sciences and Earthquake Research (CATER) [2012-2040]; Brain Korea 21 (BK21) project of the South Korean government FX This work was funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant Center for Atmospheric Sciences and Earthquake Research (CATER) 2012-2040. D.-S. R. Park received partial supports from the Brain Korea 21 (BK21) project of the South Korean government. The authors are grateful to the editor and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments, and also acknowledge helpful comments by Dr. Jim Kossin. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 26 IS 14 BP 5088 EP 5101 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00386.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 301EK UT WOS:000330515400013 ER PT J AU Newman, M AF Newman, Matthew TI An Empirical Benchmark for Decadal Forecasts of Global Surface Temperature Anomalies SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID PREDICTABILITY; ATLANTIC; OSCILLATION; PREDICTION; ENSO; VARIABILITY; SKILL; OCEAN AB The suitability of a linear inverse model (LIM) as a benchmark for decadal surface temperature forecast skill is demonstrated. Constructed from the observed simultaneous and 1-yr lag covariability statistics of annually averaged sea surface temperature (SST) and surface (2 m) land temperature global anomalies during 1901-2009, the LIM has hindcast skill for leads of 2-5 yr and 6-9 yr comparable to and sometimes even better than skill of the phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) model hindcasts initialized annually over the period 1960-2000 and has skill far better than damped persistence (e. g., a local univariate AR1 process). Over the entire post-1901 record, the LIM skill pattern is similar but has reduced amplitude. Pronounced similarity in geographical variations of skill between LIM and CMIP5 hindcasts suggests similarity in their sources of skill as well, supporting additional evaluation of LIM predictability. For forecast leads above 1-2 yr, LIM skill almost entirely results from three nonorthogonal patterns: one corresponding to the secular trend and two more, each with about 10-yr decorrelation time scales but no trend, that represent most of the predictable portions of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) and Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) indices, respectively. As found in previous studies, the AMO-related pattern also contributes to multidecadal variations in global mean temperature, and the PDO-related pattern has maximum amplitude in the west Pacific and represents the residual after both interannual and decadal ENSO variability are removed from the PDO time series. These results suggest that current coupled model decadal forecasts may not yet have much skill beyond that captured by multivariate, predictably linear dynamics. C1 [Newman, Matthew] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Newman, Matthew] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Newman, M (reprint author), 325 Broadway,R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM matt.newman@noaa.gov RI Newman, Matthew /F-8336-2010 OI Newman, Matthew /0000-0001-5348-2312 FU NOAA CVP; NSF [1035423] FX The author thanks Mike Alexander, Prashant Sardeshmukh, Amy Solomon, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. This work was supported by grants from NOAA CVP and NSF 1035423. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 26 IS 14 BP 5260 EP 5269 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00590.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 301EK UT WOS:000330515400024 ER PT J AU Lin, CC Yang, FQ Chin, JW Sung, L Lee, S AF Lin, Chiao-Chi Yang, Fuqian Chin, Joannie W. Sung, Lipiin Lee, Sanboh TI Stress-Assisted Formation of Surface Gratings on Polymer Films SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC FILMS; THIN-FILMS; INSTABILITY; SOFT; FRACTURE; GROWTH; SOLIDS AB The effect of biaxial-residual-compressive surface stress on the surface modulation of solid films is analyzed. The results show that the biaxial compressive stress can create surface modulation with the orientation being 45 degrees (135 degrees) to the principal directions of the stresses. Using uniaxial tension, a complementary set of nonsymmetrical polymer ripple gratings is formed on the fracture surface of a polymer film that is sandwiched between two relatively glass slides. The effect of geometrical shape and boundary confinement is examined on the surface modulation. The orientation of the polymer ripple gratings is found to be 45 degrees to the longitudinal direction of the films for long-rectangular polymer thin films in accord with the analysis. (C) 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers C1 [Lin, Chiao-Chi; Lee, Sanboh] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Yang, Fuqian] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Chin, Joannie W.; Sung, Lipiin] NIST, Polymer Mat Grp, Mat & Construct Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. EM sblee@mx.nthu.edu.tw FU NSF [CMMI-0800018]; National Science Council, Taiwan FX Contract grant sponsor: NSF (to F.Y.); contract grant number: CMMI-0800018; contract grant sponsor: National Science Council, Taiwan (to S.L.). NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0032-3888 EI 1548-2634 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 53 IS 7 BP 1454 EP 1462 DI 10.1002/pen.23395 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 296MS UT WOS:000330189800010 ER PT J AU Chang, YL Oey, LY AF Chang, Y. -L. Oey, L. -Y. TI Coupled Response of the Trade Wind, SST Gradient, and SST in the Caribbean Sea, and the Potential Impact on Loop Current's Interannual Variability SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Air-sea interaction; Climate variability ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; LOW-LEVEL JET; MOMENTUM IMBALANCE PARADOX; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; RING SEPARATIONS; CURRENT GROWTH; FREQUENCY; CLIMATE; MODELS; CIRCULATION AB Air-sea coupling in the IntraAmerican seas (IAS; Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico) is studied through analyses of observational data from satellite, reanalysis products, and in situ measurements. A strong coupling is found between the easterly trade wind -U and meridional SST gradient T/y across a localized region of the southern-central Caribbean Sea from seasonal and interannual to decadal time scales. The T/y anomaly is caused by a variation in the strength of coastal upwelling off the Venezuelan coast by the wind, which in turn strengthens (weakens) for stronger (weaker) T/y. Wind speeds and seasonal fluctuations in IAS have increased in the past two decades with a transition near 1994 coinciding approximately with when the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) turned from cold to warm phases. In particular, the seasonal swing from summer's strong to fall's weak trade wind has become larger. The ocean's upper-layer depth has also deepened, by as much as 50% on average in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. These conditions favor the shedding of eddies from the Loop Current, making it more likely to shed at a biannual frequency, as has been observed from altimetry data. C1 [Chang, Y. -L.] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Taipei, Taiwan. [Chang, Y. -L.; Oey, L. -Y.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Oey, L. -Y.] Natl Cent Univ, Jhongli, Taiwan. RP Oey, LY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 300 Forrestal Rd,114 Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM lyo@princeton.edu FU U.S. Bureau of Offshore Energy Management; Taiwan Foundation for the Advancement of Outstanding Scholarship; National Science Council; Ministry of Education; National Central University FX Support from the U.S. Bureau of Offshore Energy Management; and the Taiwan Foundation for the Advancement of Outstanding Scholarship, the National Science Council, the Ministry of Education, and the National Central University are gratefully acknowledged. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1325 EP 1344 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-12-0183.1 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 290SG UT WOS:000329778000006 ER PT J AU Beron-Vera, FJ Wang, Y Olascoaga, MJ Goni, GJ Haller, G AF Beron-Vera, Francisco J. Wang, Yan Olascoaga, Maria J. Goni, Gustavo J. Haller, George TI Objective Detection of Oceanic Eddies and the Agulhas Leakage SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Eddies; Mesoscale processes; Transport ID COHERENT STRUCTURES; ALTIMETRY; RINGS; EVOLUTION; MOVEMENT; DYNAMICS; CENSUS; FLOWS; GULF AB Mesoscale oceanic eddies are routinely detected from instantaneous velocities derived from satellite altimetry data. While simple to implement, this approach often gives spurious results and hides true material transport. Here it is shown how geodesic transport theory, a recently developed technique from nonlinear dynamical systems, uncovers eddies objectively. Applying this theory to altimetry-derived velocities in the South Atlantic reveals, for the first time, Agulhas rings that preserve their material coherence for several months, while ring candidates yielded by other approaches tend to disperse or leak within weeks. These findings suggest that available velocity-based estimates for the Agulhas leakage, as well as for its impact on ocean circulation and climate, need revision. C1 [Beron-Vera, Francisco J.; Wang, Yan; Olascoaga, Maria J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Goni, Gustavo J.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Haller, George] ETH, Inst Mech Syst, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Beron-Vera, FJ (reprint author), Univ Miami, RSMAS AMP, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM fberon@rsmas.miami.edu RI Haller, George/A-5076-2012; Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012 OI Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170 FU NSF [CMG0825547]; NASA [NNX10AE99G]; NSERC [401839-11] FX The constructive criticism by two anonymous reviewers led to improvements in the paper. The altimeter products employed in this work were obtained from AVISO (http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com). The work was supported by NSF Grant CMG0825547 (FJBV, MJO, YW), NASA Grant NNX10AE99G (FJBV, MJO, GJG, YW), and NSERC Grant 401839-11 (GH). NR 39 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1426 EP 1438 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-12-0171.1 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 290SG UT WOS:000329778000013 ER PT J AU Badin, G Williams, RG Jing, Z Wu, LX AF Badin, Gualtiero Williams, Richard G. Jing, Zhao Wu, Lixin TI Water Mass Transformations in the Southern Ocean Diagnosed from Observations: Contrasting Effects of Air-Sea Fluxes and Diapycnal Mixing SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Mixing; Water masses ID OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; DISSIPATION; DIFFUSION; FIELDS; MODEL; RATES; STATE; LIMB AB Transformation and formation rates of water masses in the Southern Ocean are estimated in a neutral-surface framework using air-sea fluxes of heat and freshwater together with in situ estimates of diapycnal mixing. The air-sea fluxes are taken from two different climatologies and a reanalysis dataset, while the diapycnal mixing is estimated from a mixing parameterization applied to five years of Argo float data. Air-sea fluxes lead to a large transformation directed toward lighter waters, typically from -45 to -63 Sv (1 Sv 10(6) m(3) s(-1)) centered at = 27.2, while interior diapycnal mixing leads to two weaker peaks in transformation, directed toward denser waters, 8 Sv centered at = 27.8, and directed toward lighter waters, -16 Sv centered at = 28.3. Hence, air-sea fluxes and interior diapycnal mixing are important in transforming different water masses within the Southern Ocean. The transformation of dense to lighter waters by diapycnal mixing within the Southern Ocean is slightly larger, though comparable in magnitude, to the transformation of lighter to dense waters by air-sea fluxes in the North Atlantic. However, there are significant uncertainties in the authors' estimates with errors of at least +/- 5 W m(-2) in air-sea fluxes, a factor 4 uncertainty in diapycnal mixing and limited coverage of air-sea fluxes in the high latitudes and Argo data in the Pacific. These water mass transformations partly relate to the circulation in density space: air-sea fluxes provide a general lightening along the core of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and diapycnal diffusivity is enhanced at middepths along the current. C1 [Badin, Gualtiero] Univ Hamburg, Inst Oceanog, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Williams, Richard G.] Univ Liverpool, Sch Environm Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Jing, Zhao; Wu, Lixin] Ocean Univ China, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Badin, Gualtiero] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Badin, G (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Inst Oceanog, Bundesstr 53, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. EM gualtiero.badin@zmaw.de RI Badin, Gualtiero/H-2193-2011; Williams, Richard/K-4111-2016 OI Badin, Gualtiero/0000-0002-0470-1192; Williams, Richard/0000-0002-3180-7558 FU DOE [DE-SC0005189]; NSF [AGS-1144302]; RGW [NER/T/S/2002/00439] FX GB was partially funded by DOE Grant DE-SC0005189 and NSF Grant AGS-1144302, and RGW by NER/T/S/2002/00439. We are grateful for the dynamic topography from N. Maximenko and P. Niiler, and for constructive feedback from S. Griffies and R. Toggweiler. We thank two anonymous referees for their constructive comments that strengthened the study. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1472 EP 1484 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-12-0216.1 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 290SG UT WOS:000329778000016 ER PT J AU Levine, A Sauafea-Le'au, F AF Levine, Arielle Sauafea-Le'au, Fatima TI Traditional Knowledge, Use, and Management of Living Marine Resources in American Samoa: Documenting Changes over Time through Interviews with Elder Fishers SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION METHODS; COLLAPSE; OCEANIA AB We interviewed elder fishermen in American Samoa to better understand their perspectives on traditional use and management of marine resources and changes in the status of certain species over the course of time. Elder fishermen provide an important source of information in a context of limited catch data, declining fishing effort, and evolving local fishing traditions. Most fishermen interviewed during the study described a decline in the quality of various nearshore habitats, a general decrease in abundance of edible reef fish, and diminished abundance of locally valued palolo, atule, giant clams, and octopus. Populations of reef sharks and turtles are typically seen as stable or increasing. Fishermen from the relatively densely populated island of Tutuila tended to report a greater decrease in abundance of marine resources in general than did fishermen from the more remote Manu`a Islands. Elder fishermen commonly reported deterioration of nearshore and shoreline habitats as an issue of concern. Many interviewees also asserted that past use of destructive fishing methods has led to a decline in marine resources in the region. The fishermen generated various recommendations for improving local fisheries, including: reducing runoff-related pollution and sediment, preventing destructive fishing methods, and establishing marine protected areas. Although traditional marine tenure systems are no longer as influential in American Samoa as they were in the past, various rules regarding appropriate use of local marine ecosystems and associated resources continue to be implemented across the islands. C1 [Levine, Arielle] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geog, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Sauafea-Le'au, Fatima] NOAA, Pacific Islands Reg Off, Habitat Conservat Div, Amer Samoa Field Off, Pago Pago, AS 96799 USA. RP Levine, A (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Geog, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM alevine@mail.sdsu.edu FU NOAA Preserve America Initiative FX This article is part of a special issue of Pacific Science (vol. 67, no. 3) on the Human Dimensions of Small-Scale and Traditional Fisheries in the Asia-Pacific Region, guest editors John N. (Jack) Kittinger and Edward W. Glazier. This research was supported by a grant from the NOAA Preserve America Initiative, with in-kind assistance from the American Samoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources, and American Samoa National Park. Manuscript accepted 9 October 2012. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 EI 1534-6188 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 67 IS 3 SI SI BP 395 EP 407 DI 10.2984/67.3.7 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 283PS UT WOS:000329260100007 ER PT J AU Allen, S AF Allen, Stewart TI Carving a Niche or Cutting a Broad Swath: Subsistence Fishing in the Western Pacific SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COASTAL FISHERIES; ECONOMIES; IMPACTS AB Fish stocks in many parts of the western Pacific are increasingly being subjected to a variety of environmental and human pressures. Resource managers are responding to the situation by limiting and allocating catch across the various fisheries. There is a corresponding need to appropriately classify fishers and fishing fleets to ensure that all sectors are fairly considered when catch allocation decisions are undertaken in the region. But discrete classification of small-scale fishing sectors is challenging because commercial, recreational, and food-gathering motives often overlap. Moreover, despite the known importance of small-scale fishing in the western Pacific, the manner and extent of such activities are not well understood or thoroughly documented. This paper seeks to elucidate the nature of subsistence or consumption-oriented fishing and its relationship to other forms of small-scale fishing activities in the region. A conceptual framework of potential utility for assessing the degree to which small-scale operations are moving toward or away from subsistence fishing is developed with the intent of optimizing the resource allocation decision-making process. The discussion is based on review of pertinent literature and on findings from research recently conducted in Hawai`i and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. C1 [Allen, Stewart] NOAA Fisheries Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Human Dimens Res Program, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP Allen, S (reprint author), Bur Land Management, 333 SW 1st Ave, Portland, OR USA. EM sdallen@blm.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 EI 1534-6188 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 67 IS 3 SI SI BP 477 EP 488 DI 10.2984/67.3.12 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 283PS UT WOS:000329260100012 ER PT J AU Nichol, DG Kotwicki, S Zimmermann, M AF Nichol, D. G. Kotwicki, S. Zimmermann, M. TI Diel vertical migration of adult Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus in Alaska SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE archival tags; crepuscular; eastern Bering Sea; foraging; Gulf of Alaska; prey search ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; PANDALUS-BOREALIS; ARCHIVAL TAGS; MARINE FISHES; PAVLOF BAY; MORHUA L; ATLANTIC; BEHAVIOR AB The diel vertical migration (DVM) of Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus was examined using depth and temperature data from 250 recaptured archival tags deployed on G. macrocephalus in the eastern Bering Sea and in the Gulf of Alaska near Kodiak Island. DVM of two types, deeper during daytime (type I) and deeper during night-time (type II), occurred frequently (15-40% of all days) in G. macrocephalus released at all sites. Most individuals displayed both diel types, with each type of behaviour lasting up to 58 contiguous days, and day and night depth differences averaging c.8m. Despite high among-individual variability, the occurrence of DVM varied significantly with the release site, season (i.e. day-of-year) and bottom depth, with the trend in seasonal occurrence nearly opposite for type I compared to type II DVM. No significance could be attributed to G.macrocephalus fork length, sex or ambient (tag) temperature. Trends in the magnitude of G. macrocephalus depth change were observed, with increased movement often occurring during night-time, dawn and dusk, and at release sites where the bathymetry was more complex. Both type I and type II DVMs were attributed to foraging on prey species that also undergo DVM, and increased vertical movements of G. macrocephalus during crepuscular and night-time periods were attributed to more active foraging during dim-light conditions when G. macrocephalus can potentially exploit a sensory advantage over some of their prey. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Nichol, D. G.; Kotwicki, S.; Zimmermann, M.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Nichol, DG (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM dan.nichol@noaa.gov NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 83 IS 1 BP 170 EP 189 DI 10.1111/jfb.12160 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 282ZK UT WOS:000329213700012 PM 23808699 ER PT J AU Churnside, JH McCarty, BJ Lu, XM AF Churnside, James H. McCarty, Brandi J. Lu, Xiaomei TI Subsurface Ocean Signals from an Orbiting Polarization Lidar SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE CALIPSO; CALIOP; ocean lidar; phytoplankton; polarization; lidar; ocean color; chlorophyll ID OCEANOGRAPHIC LIDAR; SCATTERING LAYERS; AIRBORNE LIDAR; SEA; BUBBLES; TAIL; GULF; FISH AB Detection of subsurface returns from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) on the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite were demonstrated. Despite the coarse range resolution of this aerosol lidar, evidence of subsurface scattering was observed as a delay and broadening of the cross-polarized signal relative to the co-polarized signal in the three near-surface range bins. These two effects contributed to an increased depolarization at the nominal depth of 25 m. These features were all correlated with near-surface chlorophyll concentrations. An increase in the depolarization was also seen at a depth of 50 m under certain conditions, suggesting that chlorophyll concentration at that depth could be estimated if an appropriate retrieval technique can be developed. At greater depths, the signal is dominated by the temporal response of the detectors, which was approximated by an analytical expression. The depolarization caused by aerosols in the atmosphere was calculated and eliminated as a possible artifact. C1 [Churnside, James H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [McCarty, Brandi J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lu, Xiaomei] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Churnside, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.h.churnside@noaa.gov; brandi.mccarty@noaa.gov; xiaomei.lu@nasa.gov RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU NASA [NNH10AO57I] FX This work was partially supported by NASA under project number NNH10AO57I. CALIOP data were obtained from NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center. MODIS AQUA chlorophyll concentrations were obtained from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Chlorophyll profiles were provided by the NOAA World Ocean Database. We would like to thank Yongxiang Hu for helpful discussions. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 5 IS 7 BP 3457 EP 3475 DI 10.3390/rs5073457 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 274SH UT WOS:000328626000016 ER PT J AU Schiros, T Kladnik, G Prezzi, D Ferretti, A Olivieri, G Cossaro, A Floreano, L Verdini, A Schenck, C Cox, M Gorodetsky, AA Plunkett, K Delongchamp, D Nuckolls, C Morgante, A Cvetko, D Kymissis, I AF Schiros, Theanne Kladnik, Gregor Prezzi, Deborah Ferretti, Andrea Olivieri, Giorgia Cossaro, Albano Floreano, Luca Verdini, Alberto Schenck, Christine Cox, Marshall Gorodetsky, Alon A. Plunkett, Kyle Delongchamp, Dean Nuckolls, Colin Morgante, Alberto Cvetko, Dean Kymissis, Ioannis TI Donor-Acceptor Shape Matching Drives Performance in Photovoltaics SO ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE fullerenes; organic electronics; self-assemblies; solar cells; supramolecular materials ID ORGANIC SOLAR-CELLS; CHARGE-TRANSFER INTERACTIONS; RESONANT PHOTOEMISSION; DEEXCITATION PROCESSES; TRANSFER DYNAMICS; DESIGN RULES; EFFICIENCY; SYSTEMS; FULLERENES; MOLECULES AB While the demonstrated power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) now exceeds 10%, new design rules are required to tailor interfaces at the molecular level for optimal exciton dissociation and charge transport in higher efficiency devices. We show that molecular shape-complementarity between donors and acceptors can drive performance in OPV devices. Using core hole clock (CHC) X-ray spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT), we compare the electronic coupling, assembly, and charge transfer rates at the interface between C-60 acceptors and flat- or contorted-hexabenzocorone (HBC) donors. The HBC donors have similar optoelectronic properties but differ in molecular contortion and shape matching to the fullerene acceptors. We show that shape-complementarity drives self-assembly of an intermixed morphology with a donor/acceptor (D/A) ball-and-socket interface, which enables faster electron transfer from HBC to C-60. The supramolecular assembly and faster electron transfer rates in the shape complementary heterojunction lead to a larger active volume and enhanced exciton dissociation rate. This work provides fundamental mechanistic insights on the improved efficiency of organic photovoltaic devices that incorporate these concave/convex D/A materials. C1 [Schiros, Theanne] Columbia Univ, Energy Frontier Res Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Kladnik, Gregor; Cvetko, Dean] Univ Ljubljana, Fac Math & Phys, Dept Phys, Ljubljana 61000, Slovenia. [Kladnik, Gregor; Olivieri, Giorgia; Cossaro, Albano; Floreano, Luca; Verdini, Alberto; Morgante, Alberto; Cvetko, Dean] Lab TASC IOM CNR, Area Ric, Trieste, Italy. [Prezzi, Deborah; Ferretti, Andrea] CNR, Ist Nanosci, I-41125 Modena, Italy. [Olivieri, Giorgia; Morgante, Alberto] Univ Trieste, Dept Phys, I-34123 Trieste, Italy. [Schenck, Christine; Gorodetsky, Alon A.; Plunkett, Kyle; Nuckolls, Colin] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Cox, Marshall; Kymissis, Ioannis] Columbia Univ, Dept Elect Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Delongchamp, Dean] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Morgante, A (reprint author), Lab TASC IOM CNR, Area Ric, Trieste, Italy. EM morgante@iom.cnr.it; dean.cvetko@fmf.uni-lj.si RI Ferretti, Andrea/D-4109-2009; Kymissis, Ioannis/A-5994-2010; Morgante, Alberto/C-5199-2010; Prezzi, Deborah/E-8403-2010; VERDINI, ALBERTO/H-6516-2013 OI Ferretti, Andrea/0000-0003-0855-2590; Kymissis, Ioannis/0000-0001-7417-1759; Morgante, Alberto/0000-0001-9021-2944; Prezzi, Deborah/0000-0002-7294-7450; VERDINI, ALBERTO/0000-0001-8880-2080 FU Center for Re-Defining Photovoltaic Efficiency Through Molecule Scale Control, an Energy Frontier Research Center; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001085]; National Science Foundation [DGE-1144155]; NSEC at Columbia University; Italian Academy at Columbia University; CNR Short Term Mobility Program [0051392]; Slovenian Ministry of High education and Science (MIZKS) [J2 - 4287]; CEI University Network program; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; [PRIN2008-prot.20087NX9Y7 002]; [PRIN-2006022847]; [FIRB-RBFR08FOAL_001] FX The synchrotron-based experiments were performed at the ALOISA beamline of the IOM-CNR Laboratory at the Elettra synchrotron light source in Trieste, Italy, supported by the Italian government. This material is based upon work supported as part of the Center for Re-Defining Photovoltaic Efficiency Through Molecule Scale Control, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001085. (T.S., M.C., I.K., A.G., C.N., C.L.S., K.P.). Portions of this research were supported by Grant No. PRIN2008-prot.20087NX9Y7 002 (A.M.), PRIN-2006022847 and FIRB-RBFR08FOAL_001 (A.F.). C.L.S. was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant number DGE-1144155. A.M. also gratefully acknowledges the NSEC at Columbia University and the Italian Academy at Columbia University for the warm hospitality and financial support during his visits. D.P. acknowledges the CNR Short Term Mobility Program (prot. AMMCNT-CNR n. 0051392) for supporting her visit. D.C. and G.K. acknowledge partial financial support by Slovenian Ministry of High education and Science (MIZKS project number J2 - 4287). G.K. and G.O. acknowledge partial financial support during their stay in Trieste and Ljubljana by the CEI University Network program (EU 2011). Computing time was provided by CINECA and the Center for Functional Nanomaterials at Brookhaven National Laboratory, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Authors wish to thank Professor James T. Yardley of Columbia's EFRC for useful discussions and comments on the manuscript. NR 54 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 56 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1614-6832 EI 1614-6840 J9 ADV ENERGY MATER JI Adv. Energy Mater. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 3 IS 7 BP 894 EP 902 DI 10.1002/aenm.201201125 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 261XO UT WOS:000327698200011 ER PT J AU Shin, N Richter, LJ Herzing, AA Kline, RJ DeLongchamp, DM AF Shin, Nayool Richter, Lee J. Herzing, Andrew A. Kline, R. Joseph DeLongchamp, Dean M. TI Effect of Processing Additives on the Solidification of Blade-Coated Polymer/Fullerene Blend Films via In-Situ Structure Measurements SO ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE organic solar cell; P3HT; roll-to-roll; ellipsometry ID HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR-CELLS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; POLY 3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE; SOLVENT ADDITIVES; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; PHASE-SEPARATION; ALKANE DITHIOLS; THIN-FILM; PERFORMANCE; EFFICIENCY AB The use of processing additives has emerged as a powerful approach for the optimization of active layer performance in organic photovoltaic devices. However, definitive physical mechanisms explaining the impact of additives have not yet been determined. To elucidate the role of additives, we have studied the time evolution of structure in polymer-fullerene films blade-coated from additive containing solutions using in-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry and UV-vis transmission. Additives that are poor solvents for poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), such as 1,8-octanedithiol, and additives that are good solvents for P3HT, such as 1-chloronapthalene, both promote improved polymer order, phase segregation, and device performance. Regardless of the presence or type of additive, the polymer order develops under conditions of extreme supersaturation. Additives, regardless of whether they are solvents for P3HT, promote earlier polymer aggregation compared to additive - free solutions presumably by degrading the solvent quality. We find evidence that the details of the final film morphology may be linked to the influence of the substrate and long-time film plasticization in the cases of the non-solvent and solvent respectively. C1 [Shin, Nayool; Richter, Lee J.; Herzing, Andrew A.; Kline, R. Joseph; DeLongchamp, Dean M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Richter, LJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lee.richter@nist.gov; dean.delongchamp@nist.gov RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 56 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 9 U2 64 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1614-6832 EI 1614-6840 J9 ADV ENERGY MATER JI Adv. Energy Mater. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 3 IS 7 BP 938 EP 948 DI 10.1002/aenm.201201027 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 261XO UT WOS:000327698200017 ER PT J AU Quinn, GD Melandri, C de Portu, G AF Quinn, George D. Melandri, Cesare de Portu, Goffredo TI Edge Chipping Resistance of Alumina/Zirconia Laminates SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RESIDUAL-STRESSES; CERAMIC COMPOSITES; BRITTLE MATERIALS; BEHAVIOR; TOUGHNESS; GEOMETRY; CRACKING AB The edge chipping test was used to measure the fracture resistance of alumina/alumina-zirconia laminated structures. Tailored, symmetrical laminated structures were prepared with a variety of layer thickness. The laminates had a significantly greater edge chipping resistance. Laminates with thin layers were just as effective in impeding edge chips as laminates with thick layers. C1 [Quinn, George D.] NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Melandri, Cesare; de Portu, Goffredo] Inst Sci & Technol Ceram CNR ISTEC, I-48018 Faenza, Italy. RP Quinn, GD (reprint author), NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Stop 854-6, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM geoq@nist.gov FU United States National Institutes of Health [R01-DE17983]; National Institute of Standards and Technology; ADAF Paffenbarger Research Center FX The authors thank Roger Morrell at NPL, for some preliminary edge chip testing that prompted this work. This work was supported in part by a grant from the United States National Institutes of Health, R01-DE17983, and the people and facilities at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the ADAF Paffenbarger Research Center. Tony Giuseppetti assisted with specimen preparation and testing. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 96 IS 7 BP 2283 EP 2291 DI 10.1111/jace.12380 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 254SR UT WOS:000327187800094 ER PT J AU Corrigan, CM Velbel, MA Vicenzi, EP Konicek, A AF Corrigan, C. M. Velbel, M. A. Vicenzi, E. P. Konicek, A. TI NAKHLITE NWA 5790: MODAL MINERALOGY AND COMPARISON WITH THE REST OF THE NAKHLITES SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 76th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 29-AUG 02, 2013 CL Edmonton, CANADA SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Corrigan, C. M.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Velbel, M. A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Vicenzi, E. P.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD USA. [Konicek, A.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM corriganc@si.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 48 SU 1 SI SI BP A96 EP A96 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 237JN UT WOS:000325865800066 ER PT J AU Stroud, RM Bassim, ND Scott, K Nittler, LR Herd, CDK AF Stroud, R. M. Bassim, N. D. Scott, K. Nittler, L. R. Herd, C. D. K. TI TAGISH LAKE NANOGLOBULES IN 3D: IN SITU MICROSTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS WITH FOCUSED ION BEAM TOMOGRAPHY SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 76th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 29-AUG 02, 2013 CL Edmonton, CANADA SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Stroud, R. M.; Bassim, N. D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Scott, K.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nittler, L. R.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Herd, C. D. K.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. RI Scott, Keana/J-5717-2015 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 48 SU 1 SI SI BP A328 EP A328 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 237JN UT WOS:000325865800298 ER PT J AU Velbel, MA Corrigan, CM Vicenzi, EP Konicek, AR Lunning, N AF Velbel, M. A. Corrigan, C. M. Vicenzi, E. P. Konicek, A. R. Lunning, N. TI MODAL ABUNDANCES OF MAJOR PHASES IN THE MILLER RANGE 03346 MARS METEORITE PAIRING GROUP AND COMPARISON WITH OTHER NAKHLITES SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 76th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 29-AUG 02, 2013 CL Edmonton, CANADA SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Velbel, M. A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Velbel, M. A.; Corrigan, C. M.; Lunning, N.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Vicenzi, E. P.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Konicek, A. R.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lunning, N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM velbel@msu.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 48 SU 1 SI SI BP A359 EP A359 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 237JN UT WOS:000325865800329 ER PT J AU Myers, E Ehrhart, EJ Charles, B Spraker, T Gelatt, T Duncan, C AF Myers, E. Ehrhart, E. J. Charles, B. Spraker, T. Gelatt, T. Duncan, C. TI Apoptosis in Normal and Coxiella burnetii-Infected Placentas From Alaskan Northern Fur Seals (Callorhinus ursinus) SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; Callorhinus ursinus; caspase-3; Coxiella burnetii; northern fur seal; placenta; (TDT)-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end labeling (TUNEL) ID ST-PAUL ISLAND; CELLS AB In 2010, Coxiella burnetii was identified in 75% of northern fur seal placentas from a single rookery in Alaska, but nothing was known about the significance of this organism in the population. Although many infectious organisms cause increased cell death, C. burnetii has been shown to suppress apoptosis of the host macrophages as an intracellular survival mechanism. To determine if infection induces a similar functional change in the placenta, immunohistochemistry for antibodies to cleaved caspase-3 (activated caspase-3) and the (TDT)-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end labeling (TUNEL) technique were used to compare the amount of placental apoptosis in infected and noninfected placentas. There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of apoptotic cells between infected and uninfected placentas, with more apoptosis identified in the uninfected placentas. This finding suggests that the survival mechanism of C. burnetii in host macrophages to reduce apoptosis may also be utilized in trophoblasts. The significance of decreased trophoblastic apoptosis for the northern fur seal fetus requires further investigation. C1 [Myers, E.; Ehrhart, E. J.; Charles, B.; Spraker, T.; Duncan, C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gelatt, T.] Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Duncan, C (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Diagnost Med Ctr, 300 West Drake Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM colleen.duncan@colostate.edu FU Colorado State University, CVMBS Veterinary Summer Research Program; National Marine Fisheries Service FX E. Myers was supported by the Colorado State University, CVMBS Veterinary Summer Research Program. Partial funding for this project was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service; all tissue samples were collected under authority of US Marine Mammal Permit No. 782-1708, issued to the National Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, Washington. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0300-9858 EI 1544-2217 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 50 IS 4 BP 622 EP 625 DI 10.1177/0300985812465323 PG 4 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 248MX UT WOS:000326705600009 PM 23125144 ER PT J AU Cavdar, Z Ulman, C Kirkali, G Baydur, H Akdogan, GG AF Cavdar, Z. Ulman, C. Kirkali, G. Baydur, H. Akdogan, G. G. TI Careers and research performance of PhD Program Graduates of Health Sciences in Turkey SO FEBS JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Congress of the Federation-of-European-Biochemical-Societies (FEBS) CY JUL 06-11, 2013 CL Saint Petersburg, RUSSIA SP Federat European Biochemical Soc C1 [Cavdar, Z.] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Grad Sch Hlth Sci, Dept Mol Med, Izmir, Turkey. [Ulman, C.] Celal Bayar Univ, Fac Med, Dept Med Biochem, Manisa, Turkey. [Kirkali, G.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Baydur, H.] Celal Bayar Univ, Sch Hlth, Manisa, Turkey. [Akdogan, G. G.] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Fac Med, Dept Med Biochem, Izmir, Turkey. [Akdogan, G. G.] Grad Sch Hlth Sci, Dept Mol Med, Izmir, Turkey. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1742-464X EI 1742-4658 J9 FEBS J JI FEBS J. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 280 SU 1 SI SI BP 625 EP 625 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 238CV UT WOS:000325919203490 ER PT J AU Egrilmez, MY Inanc, S Ozkaya, F Salimi, R Harmanci, D Safari, R Kirkali, G Astarcioglu, I Akdogan, GG AF Egrilmez, M. Y. Inanc, S. Ozkaya, F. Salimi, R. Harmanci, D. Safari, R. Kirkali, G. Astarcioglu, I. Akdogan, G. G. TI An outlook to journal publications from theses of MSc and PhD students at Dokuz Eylul University Graduate School of Health Sciences SO FEBS JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Congress of the Federation-of-European-Biochemical-Societies (FEBS) CY JUL 06-11, 2013 CL Saint Petersburg, RUSSIA SP Federat European Biochemical Soc C1 [Egrilmez, M. Y.; Inanc, S.; Ozkaya, F.; Salimi, R.; Harmanci, D.; Safari, R.; Kirkali, G.; Akdogan, G. G.] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Grad Sch Hlth Sci, Dept Mol Med, Izmir, Turkey. [Kirkali, G.; Akdogan, G. G.] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Dept Med Biochem, Fac Med, Izmir, Turkey. [Kirkali, G.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Astarcioglu, I.] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Grad Sch Hlth Sci, Fac Med, Izmir, Turkey. [Astarcioglu, I.] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Dept Gen Surg, Fac Med, Izmir, Turkey. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1742-464X EI 1742-4658 J9 FEBS J JI FEBS J. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 280 SU 1 SI SI BP 625 EP 626 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 238CV UT WOS:000325919203491 ER PT J AU Diem, JE Brown, DP McCann, J AF Diem, Jeremy E. Brown, David P. McCann, Jessie TI Multi-decadal changes in the North American monsoon anticyclone SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE synoptic; North American monsoon system; circulation; anticyclone ID SOUTHWEST UNITED-STATES; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; SUMMER PRECIPITATION REGIME; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MOISTURE SURGES; RAINFALL; REGIONALIZATION; REANALYSIS; BASIN AB The purpose of this study was to assess trends in the intensity of the North American monsoon anticyclone over multiple decades from 1948 to 2010 during July and August, with a focus on the Lower Colorado River Basin (LCRB). The methodology included a 500 hPa geopotential-height regionalization of the monsoon-anticyclone domain (i.e. a large portion of the western United States and northern Mexico), a typing of 500 hPa circulation patterns over the LCRB, and an examination of multi-decadal trends as well as inter-epochal differences in geopotential heights and frequencies of synoptic types. Three regions (i.e. Northwest, Northeast, and South) were revealed that differed based on inter-annual variations in 500 hPa geopotential heights. The Northwest and South regions had significant increases in geopotential heights from 1948-1978 to 1980-2010. The synoptic types reflected the location of the monsoon anticyclone over the LCRB. The monsoon anticyclone intensified primarily over the northwestern region, which includes the LCRB, since the mid- to late 1970s. The anticyclone has thus been expanding over the LCRB. The anticyclone has been in a northern position, specifically a north-central position, over the basin more frequently over the past 30 years; conversely, the anticyclone has been in southern and eastern positions over the basin less frequently. C1 [Diem, Jeremy E.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Geosci, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Brown, David P.] NOAA, Ft Worth, TX USA. [McCann, Jessie] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geog & Anthropol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Diem, JE (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Geosci, POB 4105, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. EM jdiem@gsu.edu NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 33 IS 9 BP 2274 EP 2279 DI 10.1002/joc.3576 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 240MY UT WOS:000326102200012 ER PT J AU Stuhl, BK Yeo, M Hummon, MT Ye, J AF Stuhl, Benjamin K. Yeo, Mark Hummon, Matthew T. Ye, Jun TI Electric-field-induced inelastic collisions between magnetically trapped hydroxyl radicals SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE inelastic collisions; hydroxyl (OH) radicals; cold molecules; non-adiabatic trap loss ID DIPOLAR COLLISIONS; CHEMICAL-KINETICS; POLAR-MOLECULES; COMBUSTION; BEAMS; COLD; GAS; MECHANISMS; ATOMS; OH AB Inelastic collisions are observed between magnetically trapped neutral hydroxyl (OH center dot) radicals at a temperature of 45 mK in the presence of an electric field. The collision rate is measured over a range of electric fields from 0.2 to 10kV/cm. However, the two-body collision rates must be deconvolved from a novel electric-field induced non-adiabatic single particle loss, which arises from Landau-Zener crossings between energy surfaces at the plane where the electric field vector is transverse to the trapping magnetic field. The observed inelastic collision rate follows an approximate quadratic power law in the effective dipole moment. C1 [Stuhl, Benjamin K.; Yeo, Mark; Hummon, Matthew T.; Ye, Jun] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO USA. [Stuhl, Benjamin K.; Yeo, Mark; Hummon, Matthew T.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stuhl, Benjamin K.; Yeo, Mark; Hummon, Matthew T.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ye, J (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO USA. EM ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; OI HUMMON, MATTHEW/0000-0002-3020-0500; Stuhl, Benjamin/0000-0003-0759-3323 FU NSF Physics Frontier Center; NIST; DOE; AFOSR; ARO MURIs on Cold Molecules FX We thank G. Quemener and J. L. Bohn for stimulating discussions. We acknowledge funding from the NSF Physics Frontier Center, NIST, DOE, and the AFOSR and ARO MURIs on Cold Molecules. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 EI 1362-3028 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 111 IS 12-13 SI SI BP 1798 EP 1804 DI 10.1080/00268976.2013.793838 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 240CE UT WOS:000326071500017 ER PT J AU Gorshkov, AV Hazzard, KRA Rey, AM AF Gorshkov, Alexey V. Hazzard, Kaden R. A. Rey, Ana Maria TI Kitaev honeycomb and other exotic spin models with polar molecules SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE polar molecules; spin models; quantum magnetism; dipole-dipole interactions; Kitaev honeycomb model ID LATTICE; ATOMS; GAS; ANYONS AB We show that ultracold polar molecules pinned in an optical lattice can be used to access a variety of exotic spin models, including the Kitaev honeycomb model. Treating each molecule as a rigid rotor, we use DC electric and microwave fields to define superpositions of rotational levels as effective spin degrees of freedom, while dipole-dipole interactions give rise to interactions between the spins. In particular, we show that, with sufficient microwave control, the interaction between two spins can be written as a sum of five independently controllable Hamiltonian terms proportional to the five rank-2 spherical harmonics Y-2,Y- q(, phi), where (, phi) are the spherical coordinates of the vector connecting the two molecules. To demonstrate the potential of this approach beyond the simplest examples studied in [S.R. Manmana etal., Phys. Rev. B. 87, 081106 (2013)], we focus on the realisation of the Kitaev honeycomb model, which can support exotic non-Abelian anyonic excitations. We also discuss the possibility of generating spin Hamiltonians with arbitrary spin S, including those exhibiting SU(N=2S+1) symmetry. C1 [Gorshkov, Alexey V.] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat & Matter, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gorshkov, Alexey V.; Hazzard, Kaden R. A.; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hazzard, Kaden R. A.; Rey, Ana Maria] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hazzard, Kaden R. A.; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Gorshkov, AV (reprint author), CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat & Matter, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM avgorshkov@gmail.com RI Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008 OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421 FU NSF; IQIM; NRC; AFOSR; ARO; KITP; ARO-DARPA-OLE program; Lee A. DuBridge foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore foundation FX The authors thank S. Manmana, E.M. Stoudenmire, J. Preskill, J. Ye, D. Jin, M. Lukin, N. Yao, J. Taylor, S. Stellmer, W. Campbell, P. Julienne, E. Tiemann, M. Foss-Feig, M. Hermele, and V. Gurarie for discussions. This work was supported by NSF, IQIM, NRC, AFOSR, ARO, KITP, the ARO-DARPA-OLE program, and the Lee A. DuBridge and Gordon and Betty Moore foundations. All authors thank KITP for hospitality. This manuscript is the contribution of NIST and is not subject to US copyright. NR 75 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 EI 1362-3028 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 111 IS 12-13 SI SI BP 1908 EP 1916 DI 10.1080/00268976.2013.800604 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 240CE UT WOS:000326071500028 ER PT J AU Bohn, JL Quemener, G AF Bohn, John L. Quemener, Goulven TI Dipolar radicals in crossed electric and magnetic fields SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Hund's cases; molecules in electric and magnetic fields; ultracold molecules ID MOLECULES; STATES AB Paramagnetic, dipolar Hund's case-a radicals are considered in the presence of arbitrary, non-collinear combinations of electric and magnetic fields. The field-dependent part of the Hamiltonian is found to exhibit a good quantum number, consisting of the projection of the molecule's total angular momentum along a space-fixed axis that is determined by both the fields and the electric and magnetic dipole moments of the molecule. This quantity remains good even when the fields are non-collinear. Exploiting this feature identifies a set of quantum numbers for the molecule in crossed fields. We dub this set a Hund's case-X' basis. C1 [Bohn, John L.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bohn, John L.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Quemener, Goulven] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, ENS Cachan, Aime Cotton Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Bohn, JL (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM bohn@murphy.colorado.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative Grant [FA9550-09-1-0588] FX This study was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative Grant No. FA9550-09-1-0588. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 EI 1362-3028 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 111 IS 12-13 SI SI BP 1931 EP 1938 DI 10.1080/00268976.2013.783721 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 240CE UT WOS:000326071500031 ER PT J AU Munir, S Naz, T Burhan, Z Siddiqui, PJ Morton, SL AF Munir, S. Naz, T. Burhan, Z. Siddiqui, P. J. Morton, S. L. TI THE IN SITU GROWTH RATE EXPERIMENT OF DINOFLAGELLATES BY SIZE FRACTIONATED METHOD ALONG KARACHI COAST SO PHYCOLOGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Munir, S.; Naz, T.; Burhan, Z.; Siddiqui, P. J.] Univ Karachi, Karachi 32, Pakistan. [Morton, S. L.] NOAA, Washington, DC USA. EM soniaku2003@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PHYCOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA NEW BUSINESS OFFICE, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0031-8884 J9 PHYCOLOGIA JI Phycologia PD JUL PY 2013 VL 52 IS 4 SU S MA 197 BP 75 EP 75 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 238QV UT WOS:000325963600198 ER PT J AU Rines, J McFarland, M Donaghay, P Sullivan, J Churnside, J AF Rines, J. McFarland, M. Donaghay, P. Sullivan, J. Churnside, J. TI A MASSIVE AND UNUSUAL DIATOM BLOOM: ECOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY OF A RARELY REPORTED PLANKTONIC HASLEA IN EAST SOUND, WASHINGTON, USA SO PHYCOLOGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rines, J.; McFarland, M.; Donaghay, P.] Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Churnside, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM jrines@mail.uri.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PHYCOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA NEW BUSINESS OFFICE, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0031-8884 J9 PHYCOLOGIA JI Phycologia PD JUL PY 2013 VL 52 IS 4 SU S MA 240 BP 91 EP 92 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 238QV UT WOS:000325963600241 ER PT J AU Zimba, PV Gutierrez, DG Triemer, R Bertin, MJ O'Mara, SP Huang, I Moeller, PD AF Zimba, P. V. Gutierrez, D. G. Triemer, R. Bertin, M. J. O'Mara, S. P. Huang, I. Moeller, P. D. TI NEW MARINE SPECIES AND TOXINS FROM MARINE TEXAS WATERS SO PHYCOLOGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zimba, P. V.; Gutierrez, D. G.; O'Mara, S. P.; Huang, I.] Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX USA. [Triemer, R.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Bertin, M. J.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. [Moeller, P. D.] NOAA, Washington, DC USA. EM paul.zimba@tamucc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT PHYCOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA NEW BUSINESS OFFICE, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0031-8884 J9 PHYCOLOGIA JI Phycologia PD JUL PY 2013 VL 52 IS 4 SU S MA 335 BP 127 EP 127 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 238QV UT WOS:000325963600336 ER PT J AU Previdi, M Liepert, BG Peteet, D Hansen, J Beerling, DJ Broccoli, AJ Frolking, S Galloway, JN Heimann, M Le Quere, C Levitus, S Ramaswamy, V AF Previdi, M. Liepert, B. G. Peteet, D. Hansen, J. Beerling, D. J. Broccoli, A. J. Frolking, S. Galloway, J. N. Heimann, M. Le Quere, C. Levitus, S. Ramaswamy, V. TI Climate sensitivity in the Anthropocene SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE climate sensitivity; radiative forcing; radiative feedbacks; carbon cycle; Anthropocene ID SEA-LEVEL; CARBON-DIOXIDE; EARTH-SYSTEM; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; METHANE EMISSIONS; SOIL RESPIRATION; NITROGEN-CYCLE; MASS-LOSS; FEEDBACKS; TEMPERATURE AB Climate sensitivity in its most basic form is defined as the equilibrium change in global surface temperature that occurs in response to a climate forcing, or externally imposed perturbation of the planetary energy balance. Within this general definition, several specific forms of climate sensitivity exist that differ in terms of the types of climate feedbacks they include. Based on evidence from Earth's history, we suggest here that the relevant form of climate sensitivity in the Anthropocene (e.g. from which to base future greenhouse gas (GHG) stabilization targets) is the Earth system sensitivity including fast feedbacks from changes in water vapour, natural aerosols, clouds and sea ice, slower surface albedo feedbacks from changes in continental ice sheets and vegetation, and climate-GHG feedbacks from changes in natural (land and ocean) carbon sinks. Traditionally, only fast feedbacks have been considered (with the other feedbacks either ignored or treated as forcing), which has led to estimates of the climate sensitivity for doubled CO2 concentrations of about 3 degrees C. The 2xCO(2) Earth system sensitivity is higher than this, being approximate to 4-6 degrees C if the ice sheet/vegetation albedo feedback is included in addition to the fast feedbacks, and higher still if climate-GHG feedbacks are also included. The inclusion of climate-GHG feedbacks due to changes in the natural carbon sinks has the advantage of more directly linking anthropogenic GHG emissions with the ensuing global temperature increase, thus providing a truer indication of the climate sensitivity to human perturbations. The Earth system climate sensitivity is difficult to quantify due to the lack of palaeo-analogues for the present-day anthropogenic forcing, and the fact that ice sheet and climate-GHG feedbacks have yet to become globally significant in the Anthropocene. Furthermore, current models are unable to adequately simulate the physics of ice sheet decay and certain aspects of the natural carbon and nitrogen cycles. Obtaining quantitative estimates of the Earth system sensitivity is therefore a high priority for future work. C1 [Previdi, M.; Peteet, D.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Liepert, B. G.] NW Res Associates Inc, Redmond, WA USA. [Peteet, D.; Hansen, J.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Hansen, J.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Beerling, D. J.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Broccoli, A. J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Frolking, S.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Galloway, J. N.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Heimann, M.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Le Quere, C.] Univ E Anglia, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Levitus, S.] NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Ramaswamy, V.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Previdi, M (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM mprevidi@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Broccoli, Anthony/D-9186-2014; Beerling, David/C-2840-2009; Heimann, Martin/H-7807-2016; Le Quere, Corinne/C-2631-2017 OI Broccoli, Anthony/0000-0003-2619-1434; Beerling, David/0000-0003-1869-4314; Heimann, Martin/0000-0001-6296-5113; Le Quere, Corinne/0000-0003-2319-0452 FU LDEO/GISS Climate Center FX We thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments significantly improved the manuscript. We also thank Reto Knutti, Susan Solomon and Steve Schwartz for helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This work was funded by a grant from the LDEO/GISS Climate Center, and was motivated by discussions that took place at a meeting titled 'Climate Sensitivity Extremes: Assessing the Risk' that was held at NASA GISS during April 2010. NR 87 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 78 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 139 IS 674 BP 1121 EP 1131 DI 10.1002/qj.2165 PN A PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 240MV UT WOS:000326101800001 ER PT J AU Palacios, DM Hazen, EL Schroeder, ID Bograd, SJ AF Palacios, Daniel M. Hazen, Elliott L. Schroeder, Isaac D. Bograd, Steven J. TI Modeling the temperature-nitrate relationship in the coastal upwelling domain of the California Current SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE temperature-nitrate relationship; oxygen-nitrate relationship; nutrient supply in upwelling ecosystems; California current system; generalized additive models (GAMs); residual analysis ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; CURRENT SYSTEM; UPPER OCEAN; PACIFIC; CHLOROPHYLL; PHOSPHATE; ECOSYSTEM; SILICATE AB Given the importance of nitrate in sustaining high primary production and fishery yields in eastern boundary current ecosystems, it is desirable to know the amounts of this nutrient reaching the euphotic zone through the upwelling process. Because such measurements are not routinely available, we developed predictive models of water-column (0-200 m) nitrate based on temperature for a region of the California Current System (30-47 degrees N) within 50 km from the coast. Prediction was done using generalized additive models based on a compilation of 37,607 observations collected over the period 1959-2004 and validated with a separate set of 6430 observations for the period 2005-2011. A temperature-only model had relatively high explanatory power (explained deviance, D-2=71.6%) but contained important depth, latitudinal, and seasonal biases. A model incorporating salinity in addition to temperature (D-2=91.2%) corrected for the latitudinal and depth biases but not the seasonal bias. The best model included oxygen, temperature, and salinity (D-2=96.6%) and adequately predicted nitrate temporal behavior at two widely separated locations (44 degrees 39.1N and 32 degrees 54.6N) with slight or no bias [root-mean-square error (RMSE)=2.39 and 0.40 mu M, respectively). For situations when only temperature is available, a model including depth, month, and latitude as proxy covariates corrects some of the biases, but it had lower predictive skill (RMSE=2.50 and 5.22 M, respectively). The results of this study have applications for the proxy derivation of nitrate availability for primary producers (phytoplankton, macroalgae) in upwelling regions and for biogeochemical and ecosystem modeling studies. C1 [Palacios, Daniel M.; Hazen, Elliott L.; Schroeder, Isaac D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine Ecosyst & Climate, Div Phys & Biol Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Palacios, Daniel M.; Hazen, Elliott L.; Schroeder, Isaac D.; Bograd, Steven J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Div Environm Res, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Pacific Grove, CA 93940 USA. RP Palacios, DM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Div Environm Res, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93940 USA. EM Daniel.Palacios@noaa.gov RI Hazen, Elliott/G-4149-2014 OI Palacios, Daniel/0000-0001-7069-7913; Hazen, Elliott/0000-0002-0412-7178 FU U.S. GLOBEC Northeast Pacific program; NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program FX This study was initially motivated by discussions with Frank Schwing and Roy Mendelssohn. The LTOP nutrient data were collected by Pat Wheeler (College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University) and are distributed through the U. S. GLOBEC Data System. John Largier (Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California at Davis) and Richard Dugdale and Al Marchi (Romberg Tiburon Center, San Francisco State University) kindly provided access to the CoOP/WEST data set. William T. Peterson (NOAA/NMFS, Northwest Fisheries Science Center) and Jay Peterson (Cooperative Institute for Marine Resource Studies, Oregon State University) generously contributed the NH-25 data to this project. We thank Xuemei Qiu for programming assistance. Support came from a grant from the U.S. GLOBEC Northeast Pacific program and from the NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program. This is U.S. GLOBEC contribution No. 729. The manuscript benefited from comments by Andrew W. Leising, Paul C. Fiedler, Richard C. Dugdale, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL PY 2013 VL 118 IS 7 BP 3223 EP 3239 DI 10.1002/jgrc.20216 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 224KY UT WOS:000324885400001 ER PT J AU McMillan, JR Liermann, MC Starr, J Pess, GR Augerot, X AF McMillan, John R. Liermann, Martin C. Starr, James Pess, George R. Augerot, Xan TI Using a Stream Network Census of Fish and Habitat to Assess Models of Juvenile Salmonid Distribution SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; CUTTHROAT TROUT; WASHINGTON STREAMS; SEASONAL-CHANGES; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; LARGE-SCALE AB We censused juvenile salmonids and stream habitat over two consecutive summers to test the ability of habitat models to explain the distribution of juvenile Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, young-of-the-year (age-0) steelhead O. mykiss, and steelhead parr (age 1) within a network consisting of several different-sized streams. Our network-scale habitat models explained 27, 11, and 19% of the variation in density of juvenile Coho Salmon, age-0 steelhead, and steelhead parr, respectively, but strong levels of spatial autocorrelation were typically present in the residuals. Explanatory power of base habitat models increased and spatial autocorrelation decreased with the sequential inclusion of variables accounting for the effects of stream size, year, stream, reach location, and a tertiary interaction term. Stream-scale models were highly variable. Fish-habitat associations were rarely linear and ranged from negative to positive; the variable accounting for location of the habitat within a stream was often more important than the habitat variables. The limited success of our network-scale models was apparently related to variation in the strength and shape of fish-habitat associations across and within streams and years. These results indicate that there are several potential limitations to extrapolating models to broader areas based only on spatially limited surveys. Received October 11, 2012; accepted March 21, 2013 C1 [McMillan, John R.; Liermann, Martin C.; Pess, George R.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Augerot, Xan] Marys River Watershed Council, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP McMillan, JR (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.mcmillan@noaa.gov FU Wild Salmon Center; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Northwest Fisheries Science Center; NOAA Open Rivers Initiative FX Project funding was provided by the Wild Salmon Center, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Northwest Fisheries Science Center, and the NOAA Open Rivers Initiative. Sincere thanks goes to Guido Rahr of the Wild Salmon Center for his fundraising and support. The field work portion of the study was conducted by J. R. McMillan and J. Starr while employed by the Wild Salmon Center. We also thank Phil DeCillis and Jim Jacoby for helping us to access some of the streams, and we are grateful to Steve Katz, Gordie Reeves, Becky Flitcroft, Dave Hockman-Wert, Phil Roni, Tom Quinn, Jason Dunham, and Bill McMillan for providing helpful suggestions and reviews on early versions of the manuscript. Use of trade or firm names is for reader information only and does not constitute endorsement of any product or service by the U.S. Government. NR 80 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 4 BP 942 EP 956 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.790846 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 220VB UT WOS:000324613900006 ER PT J AU Krueger, DM Rutherford, ES Mason, DM AF Krueger, Damon M. Rutherford, Edward S. Mason, Doran M. TI Modeling the Influence of Parr Predation by Walleyes and Brown Trout on the Long-Term Population Dynamics of Chinook Salmon in Lake Michigan: A Stage Matrix Approach SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; RECREATIONAL FISHERIES; COLUMBIA RIVER; STRIPED BASS; SEASONAL MOVEMENTS; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; ATLANTIC SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; FISH COMMUNITY AB Predation events during ontogeny may have long-term consequences for fish population abundance and variability. We used a stage-based matrix model to evaluate Walleye Sander vitreus and Brown Trout Salmo trutta predation on Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha parr of the Muskegon River stock and the relative influence of parr predation on the long-term population dynamics and recruitment of Chinook Salmon in Lake Michigan. The model predicted the number of Chinook Salmon individuals in each stage (fry, smolts, and lake age 0 [recruits] through lake age 4) and forecasted population trajectories based on demographic data (e.g., survival, growth, and fecundity). The relative influence of parr predation was compared with influences of environmental stochasticity in the egg stage and Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus abundance (prey for lake-stage salmon) on Chinook Salmon fecundity, recruitment, and population growth. To simulate environmental stochasticity and the influence of Alewife abundance, we varied Chinook Salmon stage-specific survival rates, growth rates, maturity schedule, and carrying capacity. Relative to a baseline recruitment scenario, removal of stocked Brown Trout resulted in a significant increase in parr survival and long-term Chinook Salmon abundance. Walleye predation on parr had little apparent influence on Chinook Salmon population dynamics. Predation on parr during out-migration was positively correlated with variation in Chinook Salmon population stability and was negatively correlated with population growth, suggesting that Brown Trout have a significant negative effect on Chinook Salmon recruitment and long-term population stability. The negative effects of variation in egg survival rates and Alewife abundance on Chinook Salmon recruitment and population growth rates were similar to the negative effects from parr predation scenarios. Our study suggests that management decisions to promote Great Lakes Chinook Salmon populations may require evaluation of trout stocking practices in nursery habitats. Received October 9, 2012; accepted April 15, 2013 C1 [Krueger, Damon M.] Fisheries Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rutherford, Edward S.; Mason, Doran M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Krueger, DM (reprint author), Fisheries Res Inst, 1109 North Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM damonkr@umich.edu OI Mason, Doran/0000-0002-6017-4243; Rutherford, Edward/0000-0002-7282-6667 FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust; Rackham School of Graduate Studies, University of Michigan; School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan; MDNR FX Funding and support for this study were provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust; the Rackham School of Graduate Studies, University of Michigan; the School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan; and MDNR. We are grateful to Lori Ivan for her assistance with field collections and model parameterization. We also thank James Diana, Deborah Goldberg, and anonymous reviewers for manuscript edits and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory for office space. This is Contribution Number 2012-1664 from the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 4 BP 1101 EP 1113 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.797496 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 220VB UT WOS:000324613900020 ER PT J AU Lucey, SM Duffy, WJ Adams, E Marshall, H Nichols, O Thompson, K AF Lucey, Sean M. Duffy, William J. Adams, Erin Marshall, Heather Nichols, Owen Thompson, Katherine TI Scientific Communication for Natural Resource Professionals SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Lucey, Sean M.; Duffy, William J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Adams, Erin; Marshall, Heather; Nichols, Owen; Thompson, Katherine] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. RP Lucey, SM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 4 BP 1154 EP 1155 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.810015 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 220VB UT WOS:000324613900027 ER PT J AU Silva, RA West, JJ Zhang, YQ Anenberg, SC Lamarque, JF Shindell, DT Collins, WJ Dalsoren, S Faluvegi, G Folberth, G Horowitz, LW Nagashima, T Naik, V Rumbold, S Skeie, R Sudo, K Takemura, T Bergmann, D Cameron-Smith, P Cionni, I Doherty, RM Eyring, V Josse, B MacKenzie, IA Plummer, D Righi, M Stevenson, DS Strode, S Szopa, S Zeng, G AF Silva, Raquel A. West, J. Jason Zhang, Yuqiang Anenberg, Susan C. Lamarque, Jean-Francois Shindell, Drew T. Collins, William J. Dalsoren, Stig Faluvegi, Greg Folberth, Gerd Horowitz, Larry W. Nagashima, Tatsuya Naik, Vaishali Rumbold, Steven Skeie, Ragnhild Sudo, Kengo Takemura, Toshihiko Bergmann, Daniel Cameron-Smith, Philip Cionni, Irene Doherty, Ruth M. Eyring, Veronika Josse, Beatrice MacKenzie, I. A. Plummer, David Righi, Mattia Stevenson, David S. Strode, Sarah Szopa, Sophie Zeng, Guang TI Global premature mortality due to anthropogenic outdoor air pollution and the contribution of past climate change SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE climate change; air pollution; ozone; particulate matter; human health; premature mortality ID INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT ACCMIP; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; HEALTH IMPACTS; EXPOSURE; PREINDUSTRIAL; SIMULATIONS; DISEASE; BURDEN; EMISSIONS AB Increased concentrations of ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) since preindustrial times reflect increased emissions, but also contributions of past climate change. Here we use modeled concentrations from an ensemble of chemistry-climate models to estimate the global burden of anthropogenic outdoor air pollution on present-day premature human mortality, and the component of that burden attributable to past climate change. Using simulated concentrations for 2000 and 1850 and concentration-response functions (CRFs), we estimate that, at present, 470 000 (95% confidence interval, 140 000 to 900 000) premature respiratory deaths are associated globally and annually with anthropogenic ozone, and 2.1 (1.3 to 3.0) million deaths with anthropogenic PM2.5-related cardiopulmonary diseases (93%) and lung cancer (7%). These estimates are smaller than ones from previous studies because we use modeled 1850 air pollution rather than a counterfactual low concentration, and because of different emissions. Uncertainty in CRFs contributes more to overall uncertainty than the spread of model results. Mortality attributed to the effects of past climate change on air quality is considerably smaller than the global burden: 1500 (-20 000 to 27 000) deaths yr(-1) due to ozone and 2200 (-350 000 to 140 000) due to PM2.5. The small multi-model means are coincidental, as there are larger ranges of results for individual models, reflected in the large uncertainties, with some models suggesting that past climate change has reduced air pollution mortality. C1 [Silva, Raquel A.; West, J. Jason; Zhang, Yuqiang] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Anenberg, Susan C.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Lamarque, Jean-Francois] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, NCAR Earth Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Shindell, Drew T.; Faluvegi, Greg] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Shindell, Drew T.; Faluvegi, Greg] Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Collins, William J.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. [Dalsoren, Stig; Skeie, Ragnhild] Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo, CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Folberth, Gerd; Rumbold, Steven] Hadley Ctr Climate Predict, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Horowitz, Larry W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Nagashima, Tatsuya] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Naik, Vaishali] UCAR NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Sudo, Kengo] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Takemura, Toshihiko] Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. [Bergmann, Daniel; Cameron-Smith, Philip] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Cionni, Irene] Agenzia Nazl Nuove Tecnol Energia & Sviluppo Econ, Bologna, Italy. [Doherty, Ruth M.; MacKenzie, I. A.; Stevenson, David S.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Eyring, Veronika; Righi, Mattia] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Josse, Beatrice] CNRS Ctr Natl Rech Meteorolg, Meteo France, GAME CNRM, Toulouse, France. [Plummer, David] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modeling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Strode, Sarah] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Strode, Sarah] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Szopa, Sophie] LSCE CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Zeng, Guang] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. RP West, JJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM jjwest@email.unc.edu RI Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Stevenson, David/C-8089-2012; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Cameron-Smith, Philip/E-2468-2011; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; West, Jason/J-2322-2015; Collins, William/A-5895-2010; Righi, Mattia/I-5120-2013; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Strode, Sarah/H-2248-2012; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; Zhang, Yuqiang/P-2682-2016; Zhang, Yuqiang/C-5027-2015; OI Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Stevenson, David/0000-0002-4745-5673; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Cameron-Smith, Philip/0000-0002-8802-8627; West, Jason/0000-0001-5652-4987; Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Strode, Sarah/0000-0002-8103-1663; Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Zhang, Yuqiang/0000-0002-9161-7086; Zhang, Yuqiang/0000-0002-9161-7086; Folberth, Gerd/0000-0002-1075-440X; Skeie, Ragnhild/0000-0003-1246-4446; Righi, Mattia/0000-0003-3827-5950 FU Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [SFRH/BD/62759/2009]; International Council for Clean Transportation FX This work was supported by fellowship SFRH/BD/62759/2009 (to RAS) from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), and by the International Council for Clean Transportation. Acknowledgments of funding for the modeling groups participating in ACCMIP can be found in previous publications (e.g., Lamarque et al 2013). NR 33 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 19 U2 140 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JUL-SEP PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 AR UNSP 034005 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/034005 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 229FL UT WOS:000325247100011 ER PT J AU Takahashi, K Hartinger, MD Angelopoulos, V Glassmeier, KH Singer, HJ AF Takahashi, Kazue Hartinger, Michael D. Angelopoulos, Vassilis Glassmeier, Karl-Heinz Singer, Howard J. TI Multispacecraft observations of fundamental poloidal waves without ground magnetic signatures SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Standing Alfven waves; fundamental poloidal mode; THEMIS ID STANDING HYDROMAGNETIC-WAVES; MORNINGSIDE PLASMA SHEET; GIANT PULSATION EVENT; RING CURRENT; ULF WAVES; ALFVEN WAVES; GEOMAGNETIC-PULSATIONS; MAGNETOMETER ARRAY; SYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; TRAPPED PARTICLES AB Poloidal standing Alfven waves observed by spacecraft usually have a second harmonic standing wave structure. On very rare occasions, fundamental poloidal waves have been observed in association with giant pulsations observed on the ground. In this paper, we report multisatellite observations of fundamental poloidal waves that did not produce any clearly associated magnetic pulsations on the ground. The waves were observed on 10 November 2008, at similar to 1830 Universal Time (UT) at THEMIS-A and THEMIS-D and at similar to 2010 UT at THEMIS-E as these spacecraft passed L similar to 11 and magnetic local time (MLT) similar to 0900. The GOES-11 geostationary satellite (L similar to 7) also observed poloidal waves at similar to 1730 UT when it was at similar to 0900 MLT. The poloidal waves at THEMIS were characterized by narrow-band oscillations (frequency similar to 4 mHz) of the ion bulk velocity and magnetic field in the radial direction. We identify the waves at THEMIS to be the fundamental mode on the basis of the wave properties observed slightly south of the magnetic equator: large velocity amplitude, small magnetic field amplitude, and similar to 90 degrees phase delay of the magnetic field relative to the velocity. The azimuthal wave number is found to be similar to 70 (if we assume westward propagation) or similar to 200 (if we assume eastward propagation) from the phase delay between THEMIS-A and THEMIS-D. This wave number explains why there were no corresponding magnetic field oscillations on the ground. These observations imply that only a subset of fundamental poloidal waves excited in the magnetosphere is observed on the ground as giant pulsations. C1 [Takahashi, Kazue] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Hartinger, Michael D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Angelopoulos, Vassilis] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Angelopoulos, Vassilis] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Glassmeier, Karl-Heinz] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Glassmeier, Karl-Heinz] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Singer, Howard J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Natl Weather Serv, Boulder, CO USA. RP Takahashi, K (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM kazue.takahashi@jhuapl.edu RI Hartinger, Michael/H-9088-2012 OI Hartinger, Michael/0000-0002-2643-2202 FU Canadian Space Agency; NASA [NNX10AK93G, NNX13AE02G]; National Science Foundation [AGS-1230398]; German Ministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie; Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft und Raumfahrt [50QP0402] FX The authors thank I. R. Mann, D. K. Milling, and the rest of the CARISMA team for data used in Figure 15. CARISMA is operated by the University of Alberta and funded by the Canadian Space Agency. The work by KT was financially supported by NASA grants NNX10AK93G and NNX13AE02G. The work by MDH was financially supported by the National Science Foundation under Award AGS-1230398. The work by K-HG was financially supported by the German Ministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie and the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft und Raumfahrt under grant 50QP0402. NR 78 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 118 IS 7 BP 4319 EP 4334 DI 10.1002/jgra.50405 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 226YN UT WOS:000325073600034 ER PT J AU Kitchen, BB Verdal, N Udovic, TJ Rush, JJ Hartman, MR DeVries, DJ AF Kitchen, Brian B. Verdal, Nina Udovic, Terrence J. Rush, John J. Hartman, Michael R. DeVries, Daniel J. TI Investigation of an unusual low-temperature phase transformation in RbBH4 by neutron diffraction SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Borohydrides; Phase transitions; Neutron powder diffraction; Neutron vibrational spectroscopy ID ALKALI BOROHYDRIDES; TRANSITIONS AB To investigate the previously reported low-temperature phase transition in rubidium borohydride (RbBH4) near 48.5 K, we carried out neutron powder diffraction and vibrational spectroscopy measurements both above and below this temperature on an isotopically-enriched sample of (RbBD4)-B-11. Our diffraction data reflected an average cubic Fm (3) over barm structure with BD4- anion orientational disorder at all temperatures, with no hint of extra Bragg peaks due to long-range orientational order below the transition temperature as reported by others. These structural results and careful analysis of torsional vibrations in RbBD4 corroborate the results of prior neutron vibrational spectroscopy measurements suggesting that the low-temperature RbBH4 structure indeed possesses some orientational ordering of the BH4- anions, but of a shorter-ranged nature insensitive to powder diffraction methods. (c) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kitchen, Brian B.; Hartman, Michael R.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Verdal, Nina; Udovic, Terrence J.; Rush, John J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Verdal, Nina; Rush, John J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [DeVries, Daniel J.] Delft Univ Technol, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands. RP Verdal, N (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nina.verdal@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-EE0002978]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy through Grant No. DE-EE0002978 and utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. We thank Dr. Deepak Singh and his team for help planning and executing the experiment on SPINS. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 203 BP 51 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2013.04.004 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 228MG UT WOS:000325190300008 ER PT J AU Katzberg, SJ Dunion, J Ganoe, GG AF Katzberg, Stephen J. Dunion, Jason Ganoe, George G. TI The use of reflected GPS signals to retrieve ocean surface wind speeds in tropical cyclones SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GPS reflection ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; SEA-SURFACE; AIRCRAFT; DROPWINDSONDE; HURRICANES; SCATTERING AB Since the first intentional acquisition of GPS signals reflected from water bodies, one of the objectives which has driven the research is to determine whether the acquired signal can provide useful geophysical information about the reflecting surface. One obvious condition of considerable interest is ocean surface wind speed. Theory suggested that the reflection technique, a form of bistatic RADAR, would be sensitive to surface roughness which in turn is driven by wind speed. This paper reports the results derived from data acquired over the past decade of applying the GPS reflection technique to ocean surface winds, particularly ocean surface winds in tropical cyclones. Examples of wind speed retrievals will be given for some illustrative cases of hurricanes and tropical storms. The results from several hurricanes and tropical storms on how the signal was calibrated will be presented. In addition, a quantitative comparison will be given between dropsondes deployed by NOAA during the storms and GPS reflection derived wind speeds taken at the same time. Conditions in which the GPS technique offers excellent comparisons as well as examples where the comparison is not so good will be presented. Suggestions will be given as to when the GPS technique can be used with confidence and when it is likely to be at variance with other methods. C1 [Katzberg, Stephen J.; Ganoe, George G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Dunion, Jason] Univ Miami, CIMAS, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Dunion, Jason] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, AOML, Miami, FL USA. RP Katzberg, SJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Stephen.J.Katzberg@nasa.gov RI Dunion, Jason/B-1352-2014 OI Dunion, Jason/0000-0001-7489-0569 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 48 IS 4 BP 371 EP 387 DI 10.1002/rds.20042 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 224WF UT WOS:000324921400002 ER PT J AU Yizengaw, E Doherty, P Fuller-Rowell, T AF Yizengaw, Endawoke Doherty, Patricia Fuller-Rowell, Tim TI Is Space Weather Different Over Africa, and If So, Why? An AGU Chapman Conference Report SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE space weather; ionospheric irregularities; atmosphere ionosphere interactions ID EQUATORIAL C1 [Yizengaw, Endawoke; Doherty, Patricia] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Fuller-Rowell, Tim] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fuller-Rowell, Tim] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Yizengaw, E (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. EM Tim.Fuller-Rowell@noaa.gov RI Yizengaw, Endawoke/I-3471-2015 OI Yizengaw, Endawoke/0000-0001-5772-3355 NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD JUL PY 2013 VL 11 IS 7 BP 389 EP 391 DI 10.1002/swe.20063 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 231MR UT WOS:000325421400003 ER PT J AU Neal, JJ Rodger, CJ Green, JC AF Neal, Jason J. Rodger, Craig J. Green, Janet C. TI Empirical determination of solar proton access to the atmosphere: Impact on polar flight paths SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE solar proton events; polar cap absorption; POES spacecraft ID ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS; CUTOFF RIGIDITY MODEL; ENVIRONMENT; ABSORPTION; FLARE AB Violent expulsions on the Sun's surface release high energy solar protons that ultimately affect HF communication used by aircraft. The geomagnetic field screens the low altitude equatorial region, but these protons can access the atmosphere over the poles. The latitudes over which the solar protons can reach vary with geomagnetic indices such as Kp and Dst. In this study we use observations from low Earth orbit to determine the atmospheric access of solar protons and hence the flights paths most likely to be affected. Observations taken by up to six polar orbiting satellites during 15 solar proton events are analyzed. From this we determine 16,850 proton rigidity cutoff estimates across three energy channels. Empirical fits are undertaken to estimate the most likely behavior of the cutoff dependence with geomagnetic activity. The changing Kp value is found to lead the variation in the cutoffs by similar to 3h. We provide simple equations by which the geomagnetic latitude at which the protons impact the atmosphere can be determined from a given Kp or Dst value. The variation found in the cutoff with Kp is similar to that used in existing operational models, although we suggest that a similar to 1-2 degrees equatorward shift in latitude would provide greater accuracy. We find that a Kp predictive model can provide additional warning to the variation in proton cutoffs. Hence, a prediction of the cutoff latitudes can be made similar to 3h to as much as 7h into the future, meeting suggested minimum planning times required by the aviation industry. C1 [Neal, Jason J.; Rodger, Craig J.] Univ Otago, Dept Phys, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand. [Green, Janet C.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Rodger, CJ (reprint author), Univ Otago, Dept Phys, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand. EM crodger@physics.otago.ac.nz RI Rodger, Craig/A-1501-2011; OI Rodger, Craig/0000-0002-6770-2707; Neal, Jason James/0000-0003-0390-9896 FU New Zealand Marsden Fund FX J. N. and C. J. R. were partly supported by the New Zealand Marsden Fund. The authors would like to thank the researchers and engineers of NOAA's Space Environment Center for the provision of the data and the operation of the SEM-2 instrument carried onboard these spacecraft, and the staff of FlightAware of Houston, Texas for providing flight paths through their website, FlightAware.com. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD JUL PY 2013 VL 11 IS 7 BP 420 EP 433 DI 10.1002/swe.20066 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 231MR UT WOS:000325421400007 ER PT J AU Machol, JL Reinard, AA Viereck, RA Biesecker, DA AF Machol, Janet L. Reinard, Alysha A. Viereck, Rodney A. Biesecker, Douglas A. TI Identification and replacement of proton-contaminated real-time ACE solar wind measurements SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE solar wind measurements; ACE satellite; space weather; space radiation environment ID ADVANCED COMPOSITION EXPLORER; MONITOR AB Real-time solar wind speed measurements derived from measurements by the Solar Wind Electron, Proton, and Alpha Monitor (SWEPAM) aboard the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) satellite are critical to specifying and forecasting current space weather and its impacts. When solar energetic protons produce high background levels in SWEPAM, the real-time solar wind speed measurements can be corrupted due to errors in the onboard algorithm. We analyzed 14years of ACE real-time solar wind data for the years 1998 through 2011 to determine how to identify the contaminated measurements and what proxy might be substituted for these corrupt data. We find that good criteria for flagging contaminated data are that (1) the measured solar wind speeds are below 305kms(-1), and (2) the >10MeV ion fluxes measured by the ACE Solar Isotope Spectrometer (SIS) are above 180 pfu. We also compare several potential proxies for the contaminated solar wind and determine that the best proxy depends on the last valid measured wind speed, v(initial), and the duration of the contamination period. For the first 25 h, the best proxy is simply v(initial). At later times, if v(initial)<400kms(-1), then v(initial) continues to be the best proxy, while if v(initial)>400kms(-1), the best proxy is a linear function of the Kp geomagnetic index. C1 [Machol, Janet L.] NOAA, NGDC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Machol, Janet L.; Reinard, Alysha A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Reinard, Alysha A.; Viereck, Rodney A.; Biesecker, Douglas A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Machol, JL (reprint author), NOAA, NGDC, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM janet.machol@noaa.gov RI Machol, Janet/D-5896-2016 OI Machol, Janet/0000-0002-0344-0314 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD JUL PY 2013 VL 11 IS 7 BP 434 EP 440 DI 10.1002/swe.20070 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 231MR UT WOS:000325421400008 ER PT J AU Sunday, DF Hammond, MR Wang, CQ Wu, WL Kline, RJ Stein, GE AF Sunday, Daniel F. Hammond, Matthew R. Wang, Chengqing Wu, Wen-li Kline, R. Joseph Stein, Gila E. TI Three-dimensional x-ray metrology for block copolymer lithography line-space patterns SO JOURNAL OF MICRO-NANOLITHOGRAPHY MEMS AND MOEMS LA English DT Article DE lithography; metrology; semiconductors ID THIN-FILMS; INTERFACIAL INTERACTIONS; CROSS-SECTION; SCATTERING; ANGLE; TRANSITION; ORIENTATION; FEATURES; SHAPE; REAL AB We report on the development of a new measurement method, resonant critical-dimension small-angle x-ray scattering (res-CDSAXS), for the characterization of the buried structure of block copolymers (BCP) used in directed self assembly (DSA). We use resonant scattering at the carbon edge to enhance the contrast between the two polymer blocks and allow the determination of the three-dimensional shape of the native lamella in a line-space pattern by CDSAXS. We demonstrate the method by comparing the results from conventional CDSAXS to res-CDSAXS on a 1:1 DSA BCP sample with a nominal 50-nm pitch. The res-CDSAXS method provides substantially improved uncertainty in the fit of the line shape and allows the determination of the buried structure. (C) 2013 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Sunday, Daniel F.; Hammond, Matthew R.; Wang, Chengqing; Wu, Wen-li; Kline, R. Joseph] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stein, Gila E.] Univ Houston, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77004 USA. RP Sunday, DF (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rjkline@nist.gov RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Stein, Gila/P-1927-2016 OI Stein, Gila/0000-0002-3973-4496 FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Portions of this work were performed at the DuPont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team (DND-CAT) located at Sector 5 of the APS. DND-CAT is supported by E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., The Dow Chemical Company and Northwestern University. Use of the APS, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The ALS is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We thank Steven Weigand and Denis Keane for assistance at sector 5-ID-D and Anthony Young and Cheng Wang for assistance at BL 11.0.1.2. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 27 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1932-5150 J9 J MICRO-NANOLITH MEM JI J. Micro-Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS PD JUL-SEP PY 2013 VL 12 IS 3 AR 031103 DI 10.1117/1.JMM.12.3.031103 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 224BT UT WOS:000324857000003 ER PT J AU Choi, KK Ray, J Griffiths, J Bae, TS AF Choi, Kevin K. Ray, Jim Griffiths, Jake Bae, Tae-Suk TI Evaluation of GPS orbit prediction strategies for the IGS Ultra-rapid products SO GPS SOLUTIONS LA English DT Article DE GPS; GNSS; Orbit modeling; Ultra-rapid; IGS; Orbit prediction ID SATELLITES; MODEL AB The International GNSS Service (IGS) provides Ultra-rapid GPS & GLONASS orbits every 6 h. Each product is composed of 24 h of observed orbits with predicted orbits for the next 24 h. We have studied how the orbit prediction performance varies as a function of the arc length of the fitted observed orbits and the parameterization strategy used to estimate the empirical solar radiation pressure (SRP) effects. To focus on the dynamical aspects of the problem, nearly ideal conditions have been adopted by using IGS Rapid orbits and known earth rotation parameters (ERPs) as observations. Performance was gauged by comparison with Rapid orbits as truth by examining WRMS and median orbit differences over the first 6-h and the full 24-h prediction intervals, as well as the stability of the Helmert frame alignment parameters. Two versions of the extended SRP orbit model developed by the Centre for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) were tested. Adjusting all nine SRPs (offsets plus once-per-revolution sines and cosines in each satellite-centered frame direction) for each satellite shows smaller mean sub-daily, scale, and origin translation differences. On the other hand, eliminating the four once-per-revolution SRP parameters in the sun-ward and the solar panel axis directions yields orbit predictions that are much more rotationally stable. We found that observed arc lengths of 40-45 h produce the most stable and accurate predictions during 2010. A combined strategy of rotationally aligning the 9 SRP results to the 5 SRP frame should give optimal predictions with about 13 mm mean WRMS residuals over the first 6 h and 50 mm over 24 h. Actual Ultra-rapid performance will be degraded due to the unavoidable rotational errors from ERP predictions. C1 [Choi, Kevin K.; Griffiths, Jake] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Ray, Jim] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Geosci Res Div, GPS Projects, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Bae, Tae-Suk] Sejong Univ, Seoul, South Korea. RP Choi, KK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM kevin.choi@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1080-5370 J9 GPS SOLUT JI GPS Solut. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 17 IS 3 BP 403 EP 412 DI 10.1007/s10291-012-0288-2 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 211KD UT WOS:000323904900012 ER PT J AU Griffiths, J Ray, JR AF Griffiths, J. Ray, Jim R. TI Sub-daily alias and draconitic errors in the IGS orbits SO GPS SOLUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Draconitic; Diurnal; Semidiurnal; EOP tides; Error; GPS; IGS; Satellite; Orbits ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; EARTH ROTATION; SEMIDIURNAL VARIATIONS; VLBI OBSERVATIONS; GPS; MODEL AB Harmonic signals with a fundamental period near the GPS draconitic year (351.2 days) and overtones up to at least the sixth multiple have been observed in the power spectra of nearly all products of the International GNSS Service (IGS), including station position time series, apparent geocenter motions, orbit jumps between successive days, and midnight discontinuities in earth orientation parameter (EOP) rates. Two main mechanisms have been suggested for the harmonics: mismodeling of orbit dynamics and aliasing of near-sidereal local station multipath effects. Others have studied the propagation of local multipath errors into draconitic position variations, but orbit-related processes have been less examined. We elaborate our earlier analysis of GPS day-boundary orbit discontinuities where we observed some draconitic features as well as prominent spectral bands near 29-, 14-, 9-, and 7-day periods. Finer structures within the sub-seasonal bands fall close to the expected alias frequencies for 24-h sampling of sub-daily EOP tide lines but do not coincide precisely. While once-per-revolution empirical orbit parameters should strongly absorb any sub-daily EOP tide errors due to near-resonance of their respective periods, the observed differences require explanation. This has been done by simulating EOP tidal errors and checking their impact on a long series of estimated daily GPS orbits and EOPs. Indeed, simulated tidal aliases are found to be very similar to the observed IGS orbital features in the sub-seasonal bands. Moreover and unexpectedly, some low draconitic harmonics were also produced, potentially a source for the widespread errors in most IGS products. The results from this study are further evidence for the need of an improved sub-daily EOP tide model. C1 [Griffiths, J.] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, CORS Branch, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Griffiths, J.] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Anal Ctr, IGS, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Ray, Jim R.] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Griffiths, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM jake.griffiths@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1080-5370 J9 GPS SOLUT JI GPS Solut. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 17 IS 3 BP 413 EP 422 DI 10.1007/s10291-012-0289-1 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 211KD UT WOS:000323904900013 ER PT J AU Williams, DF Young, AC Urteaga, M AF Williams, Dylan F. Young, Adam C. Urteaga, Miguel TI A Prescription for Sub-Millimeter-Wave Transistor Characterization SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bisbenzocyclobutene (BCB); BCB-based monomers; calibration; scattering parameters; sub-millimeter-wave; transistor; uncertainty; vector network analyzer ID CALIBRATION ALGORITHM; INP; DESIGN AB In this paper, we present an approach for characterizing transistors embedded in microstrip lines formed on a thin bisbenzocyclobutene-based (BCB) monomers film at sub-millimeter-wave wavelengths. We demonstrate the approach at frequencies up to 750 GHz and estimate the uncertainty of the procedure. C1 [Williams, Dylan F.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Young, Adam C.; Urteaga, Miguel] Teledyne Sci Co, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. RP Williams, DF (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dylan@boulder.nist.gov FU U.S. government FX Work supported by U.S. government, not subject to U.S. copyright. The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this article are those of the author and should not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies, either expressed or implied, of either the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or the Department of Defense. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-342X J9 IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN JI IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 3 IS 4 BP 433 EP 439 DI 10.1109/TTHZ.2013.2255332 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 210MD UT WOS:000323836700016 ER PT J AU Brothers, LL Van Dover, CL German, CR Kaiser, CL Yoerger, DR Ruppel, CD Lobecker, E Skarke, AD Wagner, JKS AF Brothers, L. L. Van Dover, C. L. German, C. R. Kaiser, C. L. Yoerger, D. R. Ruppel, C. D. Lobecker, E. Skarke, A. D. Wagner, J. K. S. TI Evidence for extensive methane venting on the southeastern U.S. Atlantic margin SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES; GAS; DIAPIR; OCEAN AB We present the first evidence for widespread seabed methane venting along the southeastern United States Atlantic margin beyond the well-known Blake Ridge diapir seep. Recent ship- and autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)-collected data resolve multiple water-column anomalies (>1000 m height) and extensive new chemosynthetic seep communities at the Blake Ridge and Cape Fear diapirs. These results indicate that multiple, highly localized fluid conduits punctuate the areally extensive Blake Ridge gas hydrate province, and enable the delivery of significant amounts of methane to the water column. Thus, there appears to be an abundance of seabed fluid flux not previously ascribed to the Atlantic margin of the United States. C1 [Brothers, L. L.; Ruppel, C. D.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Van Dover, C. L.; Wagner, J. K. S.] Duke Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [German, C. R.; Kaiser, C. L.; Yoerger, D. R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Lobecker, E.; Skarke, A. D.] Off Ocean Explorat & Res, NOAA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Brothers, LL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM lbrothers@usgs.gov OI Skarke, Adam/0000-0002-3843-5152; Ruppel, Carolyn/0000-0003-2284-6632 FU National Science Foundation [OCE 1031050]; NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research (OER); U.S. Department of Energy NETL/NRC Methane Hydrate Fellowship [DE-FC26-05NT42248] FX Expedition EX1205L1 was supported by National Science Foundation grant OCE 1031050 (Van Dover) and the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research (OER). A U.S. Department of Energy NETL/NRC Methane Hydrate Fellowship (DE-FC26-05NT42248) supported Brothers. We thank the Sentry engineering and NOAA OER expedition teams and the crew of the Okeanos Explorer; W. Dillon, D. Foster, and C. Paull for helpful discussions; and W. Baldwin, M. Hornbach, and two anonymous reviewers for suggestions on the manuscript. Mention of trade names does not imply U.S. Government endorsement of commercial products. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 27 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUL PY 2013 VL 41 IS 7 BP 807 EP 810 DI 10.1130/G34217.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 203EB UT WOS:000323272400022 ER PT J AU Kjelstrup, S Haynes, WM AF Kjelstrup, Signe Haynes, William M. TI Expanded Focus on Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kjelstrup, Signe] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Haynes, William M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kjelstrup, S (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Realfagbygget D3, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. EM signe.kjelstrup@nt.ntnu.no; william.haynes@nist.gov RI Kjelstrup, Signe/E-2590-2012; Kjelstrup, Signe/F-9346-2014 OI Kjelstrup, Signe/0000-0003-1235-5709 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 34 IS 7 BP 1167 EP 1168 DI 10.1007/s10765-013-1489-9 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 208ES UT WOS:000323660400001 ER PT J AU Zhang, XR Bronstein, H Kronemeijer, AJ Smith, J Kim, Y Kline, RJ Richter, LJ Anthopoulos, TD Sirringhaus, H Song, K Heeney, M Zhang, WM McCulloch, I DeLongchamp, DM AF Zhang, Xinran Bronstein, Hugo Kronemeijer, Auke J. Smith, Jeremy Kim, Youngju Kline, R. Joseph Richter, Lee J. Anthopoulos, Thomas D. Sirringhaus, Henning Song, Kigook Heeney, Martin Zhang, Weimin McCulloch, Iain DeLongchamp, Dean M. TI Molecular origin of high field-effect mobility in an indacenodithiophene-benzothiadiazole copolymer SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; SEMICONDUCTING POLYMERS; CONJUGATED POLYMER; REGIOREGULAR POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); CARRIER MOBILITY; SIDE-CHAINS; SOLAR-CELLS; ORDER AB One of the most inspiring and puzzling developments in the organic electronics community in the last few years has been the emergence of solution-processable semiconducting polymers that lack significant long-range order but outperform the best, high-mobility, ordered semiconducting polymers to date. Here we provide new insights into the charge-transport mechanism in semiconducting polymers and offer new molecular design guidelines by examining a state-of-the-art indacenodithiophene-benzothiadiazole copolymer having field-effect mobility of up to 3.6 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) with a combination of diffraction and polarizing spectroscopic techniques. Our results reveal that its conjugated planes exhibit a common, comprehensive orientation in both the non-crystalline regions and the ordered crystallites, which is likely to originate from its superior backbone rigidity. We argue that charge transport in high-mobility semiconducting polymers is quasi one-dimensional, that is, predominantly occurring along the backbone, and requires only occasional intermolecular hopping through short p-stacking bridges. C1 [Zhang, Xinran; Kline, R. Joseph; DeLongchamp, Dean M.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bronstein, Hugo] UCL, Dept Chem, London WC1H 0AJ, England. [Kronemeijer, Auke J.; Sirringhaus, Henning] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Smith, Jeremy; Kim, Youngju; Anthopoulos, Thomas D.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Smith, Jeremy; Kim, Youngju; Anthopoulos, Thomas D.; Heeney, Martin; Zhang, Weimin; McCulloch, Iain] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Plast Elect, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Kim, Youngju; Song, Kigook] Kyung Hee Univ, Mat Res Ctr Informat Display, Yongin 446701, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. [Richter, Lee J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heeney, Martin; Zhang, Weimin; McCulloch, Iain] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP McCulloch, I (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM i.mcculloch@imperial.ac.uk; dean.delongchamp@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016; Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Heeney, Martin/O-1916-2013; Zhang, Xinran/D-2908-2014; bronstein, hugo/O-6142-2015 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724; Sirringhaus, Henning/0000-0001-9827-6061; Heeney, Martin/0000-0001-6879-5020; NR 51 TC 135 Z9 135 U1 14 U2 185 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 4 AR 2238 DI 10.1038/ncomms3238 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 208YH UT WOS:000323718300003 PM 23900027 ER PT J AU McAllister, TP Sadek, F Gross, JL Averill, JD Gann, RG AF McAllister, Therese P. Sadek, Fahim Gross, John L. Averill, Jason D. Gann, Richard G. TI Overview of the Structural Design of World Trade Center 1, 2, and 7 Buildings SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE World Trade Center; Failure investigations; Building collapse; Structural design AB This paper summarizes the primary structural systems that comprised World Trade Center (WTC) 1, 2, and 7, which were destroyed in the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. There were four major structural subsystems in the towers: the exterior walls, the core, the floor system, and the hat truss. The major structural systems within WTC 7 were the foundation, exterior moment frames, floor system, interior columns, and column transfer trusses and girders. At the time of design and construction, the WTC towers were innovative in many ways, and resulted in a tremendous increase of open-plan commercial office space in downtown Manhattan. As the first of four papers, this paper summarizes the structural and passive fire protection features of each building, and focuses on the structural systems which played a critical role in the outcome of the attacks of September 11, 2001. Three companion papers address the effects of aircraft impact damage on the WTC towers and debris damage on WTC 7, the effects of fire on the three buildings, and how these events contributed to building collapse by describing the contribution of key structural systems to the overall building behavior and collapse, such as the floor systems and hat trusses in WTC 1 and WTC 2 and the floor connections around Column 79 in WTC 7. C1 [McAllister, Therese P.; Sadek, Fahim; Gross, John L.; Averill, Jason D.; Gann, Richard G.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Averill, JD (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jason.averill@nist.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 49 IS 3 SI SI BP 587 EP 613 DI 10.1007/s10694-012-0285-6 PG 27 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 200GK UT WOS:000323055900002 ER PT J AU McAllister, TP Sadek, F Gross, JL Kirkpatrick, S MacNeill, RA Bocchieri, RT Zarghamee, M Erbay, OO Sarawit, AT AF McAllister, Therese P. Sadek, Fahim Gross, John L. Kirkpatrick, Steven MacNeill, Robert A. Bocchieri, Robert T. Zarghamee, Mehdi Erbay, Omer O. Sarawit, Andrew T. TI Structural Analysis of Impact Damage to World Trade Center Buildings 1, 2, and 7 SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE World Trade Center; Structural fire effects; Impact damage; Structural analysis; Failure analysis; Global collapse ID TOWERS; COLLAPSE AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) conducted an extensive investigation of the collapse of World Trade Center towers (WTC 1 and WTC 2) and the WTC 7 building. This paper describes the reconstruction of impact damage to each of the WTC buildings, as well as analytical studies related to the WTC building collapses. In addition, data and evidence that were collected, tests of the floor truss systems in the WTC towers that were conducted, the overall structural analysis approach, and the development of the collapse hypotheses are discussed to provide a basis for the impact analyses and the fire and structural response analyses in a companion paper. Three companion papers address the primary structural systems of the WTC towers and WTC 7, the effects of fire on the three buildings, and how these events contributed to building collapse. The papers provide an overview of the complex and extensive investigations undertaken by NIST at a level of detail that has scientific merit but presents key aspects from the voluminous official reports at a level suitable for the technical literature. The aircraft impact damage to structural members and their passive fire protection in WTC 1 and 2 were estimated through detailed aircraft impact simulations. The impact damage to WTC 7 was estimated from photographs after the collapse of WTC 1, where falling debris damaged the southwest corner of WTC 7. Based on the aircraft impact simulation, over half of the exterior columns on the north face of WTC 1 were severed and approximately 20% of the core columns were severed or heavily damaged. Spray-applied fire resistive material (SFRM) was dislodged by direct debris impact over five floors (Floors 94 to 98). WTC 2 structural damage was concentrated on the east side of the building. Over half of the exterior columns on the south face were severed and approximately 25% of the core columns were severed or heavily damaged. SFRM was dislodged by direct debris impact over six floors (Floors 78 to 83). WTC 7 was structurally damaged by debris from the collapse of WTC 1. Photographic evidence showed that seven exterior columns were severed near the southwest corner at the lower floors. Unlike the towers, the SFRM in WTC 7 likely remained intact except for local areas around the debris impact damage at the southwest corner. All three buildings were stable with the impact damage, but the WTC 2 building section above the aircraft impact damage leaned to the east and south. C1 [McAllister, Therese P.; Sadek, Fahim; Gross, John L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kirkpatrick, Steven; MacNeill, Robert A.; Bocchieri, Robert T.] Appl Res Associates, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Zarghamee, Mehdi; Erbay, Omer O.; Sarawit, Andrew T.] Simpson Gumpertz & Heger Inc, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. RP McAllister, TP (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM therese.mcallister@nist.gov OI Kirkpatrick, Steven/0000-0001-9590-7980 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 49 IS 3 SI SI BP 615 EP 642 DI 10.1007/s10694-012-0286-5 PG 28 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 200GK UT WOS:000323055900003 ER PT J AU Gann, RG Hamins, A McGrattan, K Nelson, HE Ohlemiller, TJ Prasad, KR Pitts, WM AF Gann, Richard G. Hamins, Anthony McGrattan, Kevin Nelson, Harold E. Ohlemiller, Thomas J. Prasad, Kuldeep R. Pitts, William M. TI Reconstruction of the Fires and Thermal Environment in World Trade Center Buildings 1, 2, and 7 SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fire; Fire modeling; Fire model validation; Fire safety; Fire test; World Trade Center ID DYNAMICS AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) conducted an extensive investigation of the collapse of the three tall World Trade Center (WTC) buildings. A central part of this investigation was the reconstruction and understanding of the initiation and spread of the fires. This paper describes the reconstruction of the fires, the thermal environment they created within the buildings, and the raising of the temperatures of the structural components. NIST analyzed thousands of documents, interviews, photographs, and videos to obtain information on the layout of the floors and the progress of the fires. Experiments provided information on the factors likely to have determined the fire growth. Simulations using the Fire Dynamics Simulator gave good agreement with the fire spread as observed at the windows. Imposition of the probable thermal environment on the structural steel produced maps of the probable temperature profile of the steel as the fires progressed. For WTC 1 and WTC 2, even in the vicinity of the fires, it was unlikely that the columns and floor trusses with intact insulation heated to temperatures where significant loss of strength occurred. This was in part due to the short time between aircraft impact and building collapse. There were regions of the towers in which the loss of structural strength of floors and columns, whose insulation had been damaged by aircraft impact, was likely. For WTC 7, even though the insulation was intact, the long periods of heating resulted in floor components whose temperatures exceeded 600 degrees C, but columns did not exceed 300 degrees C. C1 [Gann, Richard G.; Hamins, Anthony; McGrattan, Kevin; Nelson, Harold E.; Ohlemiller, Thomas J.; Prasad, Kuldeep R.; Pitts, William M.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gann, RG (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rggann@nist.gov NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 49 IS 3 SI SI BP 679 EP 707 DI 10.1007/s10694-012-0288-3 PG 29 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 200GK UT WOS:000323055900006 ER PT J AU McAllister, TP Gross, JL Sadek, F Kirkpatrick, S MacNeill, RA Zarghamee, M Erbay, OO Sarawit, AT AF McAllister, Therese P. Gross, John L. Sadek, Fahim Kirkpatrick, Steven MacNeill, Robert A. Zarghamee, Mehdi Erbay, Omer O. Sarawit, Andrew T. TI Structural Response of World Trade Center Buildings 1, 2 and 7 to Impact and Fire Damage SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE World Trade Center; Structural fire effects; Impact damage; Structural analysis; Failure analysis; Global collapse ID CONNECTIONS AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) conducted an extensive investigation of the collapse of World Trade Center towers (WTC 1 and WTC 2) and the WTC 7 building. This paper describes the component, subsystem, and global analyses performed for the reconstruction of the structural response of WTC buildings 1, 2, and 7 to impact and fire damage. To illustrate the component and subsystem analyses, the approach taken for simulating the performance of concrete slabs and shear stud connectors in composite floors subject to fire conditions are presented, as well as steel floor framing connections for beams and girders. The development of the global models from the component and subsystem analyses is briefly described, including the sets of input data used to bound the probable conditions of impact and fire damage. The final analysis results that were used to develop the probable collapse hypotheses, and a comparison of the results against observed events, are presented for each building. A review of research activities focused on improving understanding of structural system response to multi-floor fires following the WTC disaster is also provided. C1 [McAllister, Therese P.; Gross, John L.; Sadek, Fahim] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kirkpatrick, Steven; MacNeill, Robert A.] Appl Res Associates, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Zarghamee, Mehdi; Erbay, Omer O.; Sarawit, Andrew T.] Simpson Gumpertz & Heger Inc, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. RP McAllister, TP (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM therese.mcallister@nist.gov OI Kirkpatrick, Steven/0000-0001-9590-7980 NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 49 IS 3 SI SI BP 709 EP 739 DI 10.1007/s10694-012-0289-2 PG 31 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 200GK UT WOS:000323055900007 ER PT J AU Liu, L Hong, Y Looper, J Riley, R Yong, B Zhang, ZX Hocker, J Shafer, M AF Liu, Lu Hong, Yang Looper, Jonathan Riley, Rachel Yong, Bin Zhang, Zengxin Hocker, James Shafer, Mark TI Climatological Drought Analyses and Projection Using SPI and PDSI: Case Study of the Arkansas Red River Basin SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Arkansas; River basins; Climate change; Droughts; Case studies; Arkansas Red River Basin; Drought; Climate change; Projection; Global climate models (GCMs) ID SEVERITY INDEX; DATASET AB This paper examines past drought and assesses future drought scenarios for the Arkansas Red River Basin using two common drought indexes, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Historical climate data within the 1900-2009 time frame were used to derive the past drought index estimates. The projected climate data under two greenhouse gas emission scenarios from 16 global climate models (GCMs) after bias correction and statistical downscaling were applied in drought occurrence frequency and affected area projection. The results derived from the SPI and PDSI show that widespread droughts mainly took place in the 1910s, 1930s, 1950s, and 1960s in the Arkansas Red River Basin, which agrees well with the historical climate record. Both the SPI and PDSI project that more frequent and severe droughts will appear in the second part of the 21st century under both of the emissions scenarios. Future PDSI projects that more severe droughts will occur in the western parts of this basin under one scenario. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Liu, Lu; Looper, Jonathan] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Natl Weather Ctr, Atmosphere Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Riley, Rachel; Hocker, James; Shafer, Mark] Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Climatol Survey, Southern Climate Impacts Planning Program, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Yong, Bin] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Zengxin] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Forest Resources & Environm, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Natl Weather Ctr, Atmosphere Radar Res Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 4610, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Yong, Bin/C-2257-2014; Liu, Lu/J-4551-2015 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Yong, Bin/0000-0003-1466-2091; Liu, Lu/0000-0002-4939-5432 FU Southern Climate Information Planning Program (SCIPP) FX This research is funded by the Southern Climate Information Planning Program (SCIPP) (http://www.southernclimate.org). The authors thank the National Weather Center for their computing resources and also acknowledge their colleagues within the Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing Laboratory (http://hydro.ou.edu) for their technical support. In addition, the authors acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI), and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel data sets. Support of these data sets is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. Also, the authors acknowledge the PRISM Climate Group for providing PRISM precipitation data. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 41 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 18 IS 7 SI SI BP 809 EP 816 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000619 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 202KP UT WOS:000323214600009 ER PT J AU Sharda, V Srivastava, P Kalin, L Ingram, K Chelliah, M AF Sharda, Vaishali Srivastava, Puneet Kalin, Latif Ingram, Keith Chelliah, Muthuvel TI Development of Community Water Deficit Index: Drought-Forecasting Tool for Small- to Mid-Size Communities of the Southeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Droughts; Oscillations; Water supply; Water demand; Watersheds; United States; Community development; Water shortage; Forecasting; Drought; Drought index; Climate variability; El Nino Southern Oscillation; Water supply; Water demand; Watershed; System dynamics ID NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; SYSTEM DYNAMICS APPROACH; EL-NINO; WEATHER GENERATOR; CLIMATE SIGNALS; MANAGEMENT; ENSO; PRECIPITATION; MODEL; RESOURCES AB The El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climate-variability phenomenon greatly affects water availability in the Southeast United States. For example, it is well known that La Nina conditions bring drought to this region. In the past decade, several severe droughts have adversely impacted the water resources of many communities in this region, especially those that rely on surface-water systems. Because small- to mid-size communities are most vulnerable to climate variability, this study was undertaken to develop a climate variability-based community water deficit index (CWDI) for use by water managers in these communities. Although currently available drought indices can be useful tools for monitoring and forecasting purposes, they are not suitable for use in water-supply systems for small- to mid-size communities. The CWDI was conceptualized keeping in mind that it should (1)forecast hydrologic drought, (2)operate at a high spatial resolution, and (3)address both water supply and demand during droughts. The system dynamics-modeling software Structured Thinking Experiential Learning Laboratory with Animation was used to develop the modeling framework to estimate CWDI by evaluating differences in a community water supply and demand, and thus help forecast the severity of an impending drought. Another important feature of the CWDI is its ability to evaluate how drought-management policies can affect the severity of drought. The CWDI was tested in two small- to mid-size communities of this region (Auburn, Alabama, and Griffin, Georgia). The results indicate that the index not only can monitor drought in the studied water-supply systems, but can also forecast ENSO-induced hydrologic droughts in the region and can be used in drought planning. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Sharda, Vaishali; Srivastava, Puneet] Auburn Univ, Biosyst Engn Dept, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Kalin, Latif] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Ingram, Keith] Univ Florida, Southeast Climate Consortium, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Chelliah, Muthuvel] NOAA Sci Ctr, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP NWS NOAA US Dept Commerce, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Srivastava, P (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Biosyst Engn Dept, Tom E Corley Bldg, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM srivapu@auburn.edu RI Srivastava, Puneet/F-8390-2014 FU NOAA Climate Program Office FX This work is funded under a grant from the Sectoral Applications Research Program of the NOAA Climate Program Office. The views expressed in this study represent those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of NOAA. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 16 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 EI 1943-5584 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 18 IS 7 SI SI BP 846 EP 858 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000733 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 202KP UT WOS:000323214600012 ER PT J AU Huang, BS Zhang, Y Shu, X Liu, Y Penumadu, D Ye, XP AF Huang, Baoshan Zhang, Yang Shu, Xiang Liu, Yun Penumadu, Dayakar Ye, X. Philip TI Neutron Scattering for Moisture Detection in Foamed Asphalt SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Foam; Asphalts; Moisture; Foamed asphalt; Moisture; Detection; Neutron scattering ID WARM-MIX ASPHALT; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; TRICALCIUM SILICATE; CONFINED WATER; LABORATORY EVALUATION; DENSITY-MEASUREMENT; HYDRATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ADDITIVES; MINIMUM AB Foamed warm-mix asphalt (WMA) has been widely accepted and used in the United States and many other countries around the world. However, several key concerns about WMA technology still need to be answered, including the major issue of moisture-induced damage. Because of the reduced production temperatures and the foaming process with water, moisture may be entrapped in pavements after compaction. The trapped moisture decreases the adhesion between asphalt binder and aggregates and the cohesion among asphalt binder, resulting in stripping and other forms of pavement distress. The neutron scattering technique provides a unique tool for the determination of the microscopic structure of asphalt and for the detection of the presence of moisture and its spatial distributions in asphalt. In particular, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) in the wave vector transfer range from is suitable to probe the spatial density fluctuations in the real space from , which has a resolution several orders of magnitude higher than direct imaging techniques. In this study, the SANS technique was utilized to characterize the microstructure of asphalt and to detect the water spatial distributions in foamed asphalt. Two types of asphalt binder and ordinary and heavy water were used to make samples at 150 degrees C using a laboratory foaming device. The samples were then measured using the SANS instrument at the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) Center for Neutron Research (NCNR). The results show that there is no water entity less than 0.1m present in the foamed asphalt. Even if moisture does exist in foamed asphalt, it does not cause any structural changes to the asphalt within 0.1m. C1 [Huang, Baoshan; Shu, Xiang; Penumadu, Dayakar] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Zhang, Yang] Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Zhang, Yang] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhang, Yang] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Neutron Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Ye, X. Philip] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Huang, BS (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM bhuang@utk.edu; zhyang@illinois.edu; xshu@utk.edu; yunliu@nist.gov; dpenumad@utk.edu; xye2@utk.edu RI Zhang, Yang/A-7975-2012; Huang, Baoshan/G-4974-2011; Shu, Xiang/A-7576-2010 OI Zhang, Yang/0000-0002-7339-8342; Huang, Baoshan/0000-0001-8551-0082; Shu, Xiang/0000-0002-1079-724X FU Clifford G. Shull fellowship at ORNL; NIST; U.S. Dept. of Commerce; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX Yang Zhang acknowledges the support from the Clifford G. Shull fellowship at ORNL. The authors acknowledge the support of NIST and the U.S. Dept. of Commerce in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. Identification of a commercial product does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the NIST, nor does it imply that the product is necessarily the best for the stated purpose. This work utilized facilities at the NIST Center for Neutron Research supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 25 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0899-1561 J9 J MATER CIVIL ENG JI J. Mater. Civ. Eng. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 25 IS 7 SI SI BP 932 EP 938 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000762 PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 202KN UT WOS:000323214400016 ER PT J AU Simonsen, KA Cowan, JH AF Simonsen, Kirsten A. Cowan, James H., Jr. TI EFFECTS OF AN INSHORE ARTIFICIAL REEF ON THE TROPHIC DYNAMICS OF THREE SPECIES OF ESTUARINE FISH SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSES; OYSTER REEFS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; RED SNAPPER; GUT-CONTENT; MICROPOGONIAS-UNDULATUS; HABITAT DEGRADATION; ATLANTIC CROAKER; STOMACH CONTENTS AB Estuarine habitats are important in the life history of many fish species, yet are being degraded at an alarming rate. Habitat loss is often mitigated by the addition of artificial reefs. Understanding how artificial habitat affects the trophic dynamics of associated fish communities is important to understanding their role in estuarine environments. This study compared the trophic dynamics of spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier, 1830), Atlantic croaker, Micropogonias undulatus (Linnaeus, 1766), and bay anchovy, Anchoa mitchilli (Valenciennes, 1848), at an inshore artificial reef and a nearby mud-bottom site. Trophic dynamics were assessed using a combination of gut content analysis and stable isotopes for spotted seatrout and Atlantic croaker, and stable isotopes alone for bay anchovy. No significant differences were found in the either the diets or mean values of delta C-13, delta N-15, or delta S-34 of spotted seatrout between habitats. Differences were seen in both the centroid distance and total area of the delta C-13-delta N-15 biplot for spotted seatrout indicating greater trophic niche breath at the artificial reef. Diets of Atlantic croaker differed significantly between habitats and specimens were more enriched in delta N-15 at the artificial reef; however, no differences in trophic niche breadth were observed. Bay anchovy were more depleted in both delta C-13 and delta S-34 over the artificial reef and differences in the trophic niche breadth were observed. Results suggest that habitat alterations can affect trophic dynamics of estuarine species in different ways. Therefore, foraging strategy should be considered when evaluating estuarine artificial reefs. C1 [Simonsen, Kirsten A.; Cowan, James H., Jr.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Simonsen, KA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM kirsten.simonsen@noaa.gov FU Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries FX We thank A Fischer, M Zapp Sluis, and D Nieland for assistance in the field and in the laboratory. Field sampling would not have been possible without the help of personnel from the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Lyle St. Amant Marine Biological Laboratory. We would like to thank B Fry for running stable isotope samples. Early versions of this work benefitted from the comments of D Nieland and RJD Wells, as well as three anonymous reviewers. This project was funded by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries with Sport Fish Restoration dollars provided through the US Fish and Wildlife Federal Assistance Program. NR 74 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 35 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 89 IS 3 BP 657 EP 676 DI 10.5343/bms.2012.1013 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 200RI UT WOS:000323086200002 ER PT J AU Kosaki, RK Wagner, D Leonard, JC Hauk, BB Gleason, KA AF Kosaki, Randall K. Wagner, Daniel Leonard, Jason C. Hauk, Brian B. Gleason, Kelly A. TI FIRST REPORT OF THE TABLE CORAL ACROPORA CYTHEREA (SCLERACTINIA: ACROPORIDAE) FROM OAHU (MAIN HAWAIIAN ISLANDS) SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kosaki, Randall K.; Wagner, Daniel; Leonard, Jason C.; Hauk, Brian B.; Gleason, Kelly A.] NOAA Papahanaumokuakea Marine Natl Monument, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA. RP Wagner, D (reprint author), NOAA Papahanaumokuakea Marine Natl Monument, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA. EM Daniel.Wagner@noaa.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 89 IS 3 BP 745 EP 746 DI 10.5343/bms.2013.1051 PG 2 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 200RI UT WOS:000323086200007 ER PT J AU Bright, AJ Williams, DE Kramer, KL Miller, MW AF Bright, Allan J. Williams, Dana E. Kramer, K. Lindsey Miller, Margaret W. TI RECOVERY OF ACROPORA PALMATA IN CURACAO: A COMPARISON WITH THE FLORIDA KEYS SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REEF-BUILDING CORALS; CARIBBEAN CORAL; GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; IMPACTS; DISEASE; RESISTANCE; ECOLOGY AB Demographic monitoring of fixed plots of Acropora palmata (Lamarck, 1816) in Curacao and the Florida Keys before and after acute tropical storm disturbance allowed for a comparison of recovery processes. The Curacao population was characterized by greater colony size, live tissue abundance, and genotypic richness than the Florida Keys population, and hence was hypothesized to display a faster rate of recovery. However, after each population lost approximately half of its live tissue as a result of disturbance, magnitude of recovery differed significantly between regions, but was inconsistent with this hypothesis. Despite high post-disturbance asexual recruitment of fragments in Curacao [12.1 (SE 4.9) recruits/plot compared to 4.6 (SE 1.5) for Florida Keys], consistent with the original hypothesis, Curacao populations showed negligible recovery in terms of live tissue abundance (-2%) and have declined in number of colonies, whereas the Florida Keys population showed a slight, but significant increase in live tissue (13%) over the surveyed recovery period (from 7 to 31 mo post-disturbance). C1 [Bright, Allan J.; Williams, Dana E.; Kramer, K. Lindsey] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Bright, Allan J.; Williams, Dana E.; Kramer, K. Lindsey; Miller, Margaret W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Bright, AJ (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM allan.bright@noaa.gov; dana.williams@noaa.gov; kl_kramer@yahoo.com; margaret.w.miller@noaa.gov FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; NMFS Southeast Regional Office; Royal Caribbean International; Education and Research Department of the Curacao Sea Aquarium FX Funding was provided by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, the NMFS Southeast Regional Office, Royal Caribbean International, and the Education and Research Department of the Curacao Sea Aquarium. Many thanks for field support in Curacao from A Anton, L Johnston, A Valdivia, R Wilborn, and S Piontek. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 16 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 89 IS 3 BP 747 EP 757 DI 10.5343/bms.2012.1029 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 200RI UT WOS:000323086200008 ER PT J AU Little, CAE Pellegrino, J Russek, SE AF Little, Charles A. E. Pellegrino, John Russek, Stephen E. TI Microfluidic Platform for Magnetic Nanoparticle Trapping and Detection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference CY JAN 14-18, 2013 CL Chicago, IL SP AIP Publishing, IEEE Magnet Soc DE Giant magnetoresistance; magnetic particles; magnetic sensors; microfluidics ID MANIPULATION; ARRAYS AB We evaluate giant magnetoresistance sensors to trap and count small concentrations of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) within microfluidic flow. The device presented takes the novel approach of capturing and detecting MNPs utilizing the strong fringe-fields present on the periphery of the patterned sensor. The presence of MNPs manifests as a field shift in the magnetoresistance curve. Tests of the device have shown a noticeable response to MNPs with 30 nm nominal core diameters at concentrations as low as 1.2 x 10(10) +/- 4.0 x 10(9) MNP/mL at a flow rate of 5 mu L/min. Such a device would be beneficial for bio-medical applications, including immunoassays, and for monitoring filtration processes, where large sample fluid volumes and low MNP concentration sensitivities are required. C1 [Little, Charles A. E.; Pellegrino, John] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Little, Charles A. E.; Russek, Stephen E.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Little, CAE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM charles.little@colorado.edu OI PELLEGRINO, JOHN/0000-0001-7749-5003 FU National Science Foundation from the Industry/University Cooperative Research Center for Membrane Science, Engineering and Technology [IIP 1024720]; Department of Commerce [70NANB10H02] FX This work was supported in part via National Science Foundation award IIP 1024720 from the Industry/University Cooperative Research Center for Membrane Science, Engineering and Technology. Additional support was received from Department of Commerce Grant 70NANB10H02 as part of the Measurement Science and Engineering Research Training Fellowship. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 26 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 EI 1941-0069 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 49 IS 7 BP 3402 EP 3405 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2013.2251416 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 192KM UT WOS:000322483200084 ER PT J AU Chen, PJ Feng, G Shull, RD AF Chen, P. J. Feng, G. Shull, R. D. TI Use of Half Metallic Hensler Alloys in CoFeB/MgO/Heusler Alloy Tunnel Junctions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference CY JAN 14-18, 2013 CL Chicago, IL SP AIP Publishing, IEEE Magnet Soc DE Co-based heusler alloys; magnetic tunnel junctions; MgO/CoFeB ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MAGNETORESISTANCE AB Hensler Alloys Co2FeSi and Co2MnSi were deposited on both single crystal MgO (100) and polycrystalline SiO2 silicon thermal oxide substrates and characterized by x-ray diffraction before and after thermal annealing at various temperatures. Co2FeSi and Co2MnSi deposited on MgO (100) grow as L2(1) or B2 structures but grow as an A2 structure on the SiO2 substrate. Co2FeSi and Co2MnSi were also deposited in a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) stack as the free and reference layers above and below the MgO barrier layer respectively, thereby replacing Co20Fe60B20 as those layers in the more common MTJ stack. The tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio is higher if Co2FeSi is the free layer, but lower when Co2FeSi is the reference layer. C1 [Chen, P. J.; Feng, G.; Shull, R. D.] NIST, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, PJ (reprint author), NIST, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM peijie.chen@nist.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 24 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 EI 1941-0069 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 49 IS 7 BP 4379 EP 4382 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2013.2244584 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 192KM UT WOS:000322483200330 ER PT J AU Cohl, HS Volkmer, H AF Cohl, H. S. Volkmer, H. TI Separation of variables in an asymmetric cyclidic coordinate system (vol 54, 063513, 2013) SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Cohl, H. S.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Volkmer, H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Cohl, HS (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 54 IS 7 AR 079904 DI 10.1063/1.4816324 PG 1 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 192ZQ UT WOS:000322526900048 ER PT J AU Ilyushin, VV Hougen, JT AF Ilyushin, Vadim V. Hougen, Jon. T. TI A fitting program for molecules with two equivalent methyl tops and C-2v point-group symmetry at equilibrium: Application to existing microwave, millimeter, and sub-millimeter wave measurements of acetone SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Acetone; Effective Hamiltonian; Large-amplitude torsional motion; Least-squares fit; Microwave spectrum; Two-top molecule ID TORSIONAL EXCITED-STATE; LARGE-AMPLITUDE MOTIONS; ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM; INTERNAL ROTORS; METHANOL; BIACETYL; CH3COCH3 AB A program, called PAM_C2v_2tops, for fitting the high-resolution torsion-rotation spectra of molecules with two equivalent methyl rotors and C-2v symmetry at equilibrium is described and applied to the spectrum of acetone [(CH3)(2)CO]. The G(36) permutation-inversion group-theoretical considerations used in the design of the program are presented followed by a description of the structure of the program, which uses the principal axis method and a two-step diagonalization procedure. The program was used to carry out a weighted least-squares fit of 1720 microwave, millimeter-wave, and sub-millimeter-wave line frequencies of acetone that are available in the literature. The weighted standard deviation of 0.94 obtained here for a joint fit of rotational lines belonging to the ground, the lower torsional fundamental, and the higher torsional fundamental states of acetone represents significant progress in comparison with previous fitting attempts, especially for the excited torsional states. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ilyushin, Vadim V.] Inst Radio Astron NASU, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Hougen, Jon. T.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ilyushin, VV (reprint author), Inst Radio Astron NASU, Chervonopraporna 4, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM ilyushin@rian.kharkov.ua FU NIST FX The authors express their gratitude to Dr. E.A. Alekseev who kindly allowed us to use his new spectral records of acetone prior to publication for remeasurement of several acetone line frequencies. V.I. thanks NIST for financial support during a 3-month Guest Worker visit in 2009. He also he thanks GRID cluster of IRA NASU for computer time allocation. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 289 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2013.05.012 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 197MO UT WOS:000322855500008 ER PT J AU Deng, XJ Liu, DM Yue, M Huang, QZ Zhao, JL Zhang, JX AF Deng Xiaojun Liu Danming Yue Ming Huang Qingzhen Zhao Jinliang Zhang Jiuxing TI Magnetocaloric Properties in Mn1.1Fe0.9P0.8Ge0.2Bx Compounds Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering SO RARE METAL MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING LA Chinese DT Article DE room temperature magnetic refrigerant; MnFePGeB; magneticaloric effect ID MAGNETIC-ENTROPY CHANGE; TRANSITION AB Mn1.1Fe0.9P0.8Ge0.2Bx (x=0, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04) compounds were prepared by mechanical milling and subsequent spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. Their crystal structure was investigated by XRD and the magneticaloric properties were measured by DSC and VSM. Results show that Mn1.1Fe0.9P0.8Ge0.2Bx (x=0, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04) compounds possess a hexagonal Fe2P-type crystal structure. The lattice parameters a and c are changed noticeably with the increase of B, and c/a ratio decreases firstly and then increases. There is a nonlinear relationship between Curie temperature as well as the entropy change and the content of B. The compound achieves the best magneticaloric properties in this system when x=0.02. The Curie temperature increases from 253 K for x=0 to 263 K, and thermal hysteresis decreases from 23 K to 19 K. The maximum value of the magnetic entropy change increases from 28.7 to 32.6 J/kg.K for a field change from 0 to 2 T. C1 [Deng Xiaojun; Liu Danming; Yue Ming; Zhao Jinliang; Zhang Jiuxing] Beijing Univ Technol, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China. [Huang Qingzhen] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Liu, DM (reprint author), Beijing Univ Technol, Inst Microstruct & Properties Adv Mat, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China. EM dengxj08@163.com; dmliu@bjut.edu.cn NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 18 PU NORTHWEST INST NONFERROUS METAL RESEARCH PI SHAANXI PA C/O RARE METAL MATERIAL ENGINEERING PRESS, PO BOX 51, XIAN, SHAANXI 710016, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1002-185X J9 RARE METAL MAT ENG JI Rare Metal Mat. Eng. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1450 EP 1453 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 199SV UT WOS:000323016700027 ER PT J AU Zhang, M Liu, DM Liu, CX Huang, QZ Wang, SB Zhang, H Yue, M AF Zhang Meng Liu Danmin Liu Cuixiu Huang Qingzhen Wang Shaobo Zhang Hu Yue Ming TI RESEARCH OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHASE TRANSITION PROCESS AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES IN MAGNETIC REFRIGERATION MATERIAL Mn1.2Fe0.8P0.76Ge0.24 SO ACTA METALLURGICA SINICA LA Chinese DT Article DE magnetic refrigeration material; magnetic thermal phase transition process; neutron diffraction ID ENTROPY CHANGE AB In recent years, the MnFePGe compound has drawn tremendous attention not only for its excellent magnetocaloric effect (MCE), but also for its great commercial interest. Compared with other advanced MCE materials such as GdSiGe, MnFePAs, etc., it possesses many practical advantages such as more abundant raw materials, lower fabrication costs as well as better environmental amity. In this work, Mn1.2Fe0.8P0.76Ge0.24 compound was prepared by mechanical milling and subsequent spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique, its microstructure was investigated by SEM, meanwhile the relationship between phase transition and the properties was investigated by neutron diffraction, SQUID, DSC and XRD. The results show that the Mn1.2Fe0.8P0.76Ge0.24 compound is compact, and possess a hexagonal Fe2P-type crystal structure. Generally, either applied magnetic field or temperature change will induce the transformation between paramagnetic phase and ferromagnetic phase. When the applied magnetic field increased or temperature reduced, paramagnetic phase transformed to ferromagnetic phase and caused the magnetic entropy change to become larger. It is found that the magnetic entropy change of Mn1.2Fe0.8P0.76Ge0.24 compound is directly corresponding to the percentage of the phase transition. C1 [Zhang Meng; Liu Danmin; Liu Cuixiu; Wang Shaobo; Zhang Hu] Beijing Univ Technol, Inst Microstruct & Property Adv Mat, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China. [Huang Qingzhen] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yue Ming] Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China. RP Liu, DM (reprint author), Beijing Univ Technol, Inst Microstruct & Property Adv Mat, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China. EM dmliu@bjut.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51071007, 51171003]; National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB833100]; Beijing Natural Science Foundation [1112005]; CSNS FX Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51071007 and 51171003), National Basic Research Program of China (No.2010CB833100), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No.1112005) and CSNS NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 44 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0412-1961 J9 ACTA METALL SIN JI Acta Metall. Sin. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 49 IS 7 BP 783 EP 788 DI 10.3724/SP.J.1037.2012.00775 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 186PG UT WOS:000322056000003 ER PT J AU Ardila, DR Herczeg, GJ Gregory, SG Ingleby, L France, K Brown, A Edwards, S Johns-Krull, C Linsky, JL Yang, H Valenti, JA Abgrall, H Alexander, RD Bergin, E Bethell, T Brown, JM Calvet, N Espaillat, C Hillenbrand, LA Hussain, G Roueff, E Schindhelm, ER Walter, FM AF Ardila, David R. Herczeg, Gregory J. Gregory, Scott G. Ingleby, Laura France, Kevin Brown, Alexander Edwards, Suzan Johns-Krull, Christopher Linsky, Jeffrey L. Yang, Hao Valenti, Jeff A. Abgrall, Herve Alexander, Richard D. Bergin, Edwin Bethell, Thomas Brown, Joanna M. Calvet, Nuria Espaillat, Catherine Hillenbrand, Lynne A. Hussain, Gaitee Roueff, Evelyne Schindhelm, Eric R. Walter, Frederick M. TI HOT GAS LINES IN T TAURI STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE protoplanetary disks; stars: pre-main sequence; stars: variables: T Tauri, Herbig Ae/Be; surveys; ultraviolet: stars ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; X-RAY-EMISSION; ETA-CHAMAELEONTIS CLUSTER; FLUORESCENT H-2 EMISSION; HERBIG-AE STAR; MAGNETOCENTRIFUGALLY DRIVEN FLOWS; FAR-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRA; MEAN RADIAL-VELOCITIES; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS AB For Classical T Tauri Stars (CTTSs), the resonance doublets of NV, Si IV, and C IV, as well as the He II 1640 angstrom line, trace hot gas flows and act as diagnostics of the accretion process. In this paper we assemble a large high-resolution, high-sensitivity data set of these lines in CTTSs and Weak T Tauri Stars (WTTSs). The sample comprises 35 stars: 1 Herbig Ae star, 28 CTTSs, and 6 WTTSs. We find that the C IV, Si IV, and N V lines in CTTSs all have similar shapes. We decompose the C IV and He II lines into broad and narrow Gaussian components (BC and NC). The most common (50%) C IV line morphology in CTTSs is that of a low-velocity NC together with a redshifted BC. For CTTSs, a strong BC is the result of the accretion process. The contribution fraction of the NC to the C IV line flux in CTTSs increases with accretion rate, from similar to 20% to up to similar to 80%. The velocity centroids of the BCs and NCs are such that V-BC greater than or similar to 4 V-NC, consistent with the predictions of the accretion shock model, in at most 12 out of 22 CTTSs. We do not find evidence of the post-shock becoming buried in the stellar photosphere due to the pressure of the accretion flow. The He II CTTSs lines are generally symmetric and narrow, with FWHM and redshifts comparable to those of WTTSs. They are less redshifted than the CTTSs C IV lines, by similar to 10 km s(-1). The amount of flux in the BC of the He II line is small compared to that of the C IV line, and we show that this is consistent with models of the pre-shock column emission. Overall, the observations are consistent with the presence of multiple accretion columns with different densities or with accretion models that predict a slow-moving, low-density region in the periphery of the accretion column. For HN Tau A and RW Aur A, most of the C IV line is blueshifted suggesting that the C IV emission is produced by shocks within outflow jets. In our sample, the Herbig Ae star DX Cha is the only object for which we find a P-Cygni profile in the C IV line, which argues for the presence of a hot (105 K) wind. For the overall sample, the Si IV and N V line luminosities are correlated with the C IV line luminosities, although the relationship between Si IV and C IV shows large scatter about a linear relationship and suggests that TW Hya, V4046 Sgr, AA Tau, DF Tau, GM Aur, and V1190 Sco are silicon-poor, while CV Cha, DX Cha, RU Lup, and RW Aur may be silicon-rich. C1 [Ardila, David R.] CALTECH, NASA Herschel Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Herczeg, Gregory J.] Peking Univ, Kavli Inst Astron & Astrophys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Gregory, Scott G.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A.] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gregory, Scott G.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Ingleby, Laura; Bergin, Edwin; Bethell, Thomas; Calvet, Nuria] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [France, Kevin; Brown, Alexander] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Edwards, Suzan] Smith Coll, Dept Astron, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. [Johns-Krull, Christopher] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yang, Hao] Cent China Normal Univ, Inst Astrophys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Valenti, Jeff A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Abgrall, Herve; Roueff, Evelyne] CNRS, Observ Paris, Sect Meudon, UMR 8102, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Abgrall, Herve; Roueff, Evelyne] CNRS, Observ Paris, Sect Meudon, LUTH, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Alexander, Richard D.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Brown, Joanna M.; Espaillat, Catherine] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hussain, Gaitee] ESO, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Schindhelm, Eric R.] Southwest Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Walter, Frederick M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Ardila, DR (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA Herschel Sci Ctr, MC 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM ardila@ipac.caltech.edu RI Yang, Hao/F-8396-2014; OI Gregory, Scott/0000-0003-3674-5568; Yang, Hao/0000-0002-9423-2333; Herczeg, Gregory/0000-0002-7154-6065 FU NASA through Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) [HST-GO-11616.10, HST-GO-12161.01]; NASA [NAS 5-26555]; Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/J003255/1]; UK's Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/G00711X/1]; HST GTO [11533, 12036] FX Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. Support for this paper was provided by NASA through grant numbers HST-GO-11616.10 and HST-GO-12161.01 from the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), which is operated by Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA) under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. S. G. G. acknowledges support from the Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) via an Ernest Rutherford Fellowship [ST/J003255/1]. R. D. A. acknowledges support from the UK's Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) through an Advanced Fellowship (ST/G00711X/1).; We thank the team from HST GTO programs 11533 and 12036 (PI: J. Green) for allowing us early access to their data. NR 202 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 207 IS 1 AR UNSP 1 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/207/1/1 PG 43 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 194KJ UT WOS:000322631500001 ER PT J AU Sallaska, AL Iliadis, C Champange, AE Goriely, S Starrfield, S Timmes, FX AF Sallaska, A. L. Iliadis, C. Champange, A. E. Goriely, S. Starrfield, S. Timmes, F. X. TI STARLIB: A NEXT-GENERATION REACTION-RATE LIBRARY FOR NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE catalogs; methods: numerical; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; stars: abundances; stars: general; stars: interiors; supernovae: general; white dwarfs ID THERMONUCLEAR REACTION-RATES; BIG-BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; BETA-DECAY RATES; SD-SHELL NUCLEI; ENERGY-LEVELS; CROSS-SECTIONS; RATE TABLES; INHOMOGENEOUS COSMOLOGIES; STELLAR INTERIORS; RESONANT REACTION AB STARLIB is a next-generation, all-purpose nuclear reaction-rate library. For the first time, this library provides the rate probability density at all temperature grid points for convenient implementation in models of stellar phenomena. The recommended rate and its associated uncertainties are also included. Currently, uncertainties are absent from all other rate libraries, and, although estimates have been attempted in previous evaluations and compilations, these are generally not based on rigorous statistical definitions. A common standard for deriving uncertainties is clearly warranted. STARLIB represents a first step in addressing this deficiency by providing a tabular, up-to-date database that supplies not only the rate and its uncertainty but also its distribution. Because a majority of rates are lognormally distributed, this allows the construction of rate probability densities from the columns of STARLIB. This structure is based on a recently suggested Monte Carlo method to calculate reaction rates, where uncertainties are rigorously defined. In STARLIB, experimental rates are supplemented with: (1) theoretical TALYS rates for reactions for which no experimental input is available, and (2) laboratory and theoretical weak rates. STARLIB includes all types of reactions of astrophysical interest to Z = 83, such as (p, gamma), (p, alpha), (alpha, n), and corresponding reverse rates. Strong rates account for thermal target excitations. Here, we summarize our Monte Carlo formalism, introduce the library, compare methods of correcting rates for stellar environments, and discuss how to implement our library in Monte Carlo nucleosynthesis studies. We also present a method for accessing STARLIB on the Internet and outline updated Monte Carlo-based rates. C1 [Sallaska, A. L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Iliadis, C.; Champange, A. E.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Iliadis, C.; Champange, A. E.] Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Goriely, S.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Inst Astron & Astrophys, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Starrfield, S.; Timmes, F. X.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Sallaska, AL (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM anne.sallaska@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [AST-1008355]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-97ER41041]; NASA FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under award number AST-1008355 and by the Department of Energy under grant number DE-FG02-97ER41041. We would also like to thank Richard Longland, Jordi Jose, Alain Coc, and Matthew Buckner. We wish to express our gratitude to Peter Mohr and Thomas Rauscher for insightful discussions. In addition, we thank Arjan Koning and Stephane Hilaire for their valuable contribution in writing the TALYS code and making it publicly available. Our collaborators at ASU acknowledge partial support from NASA. NR 125 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 207 IS 1 AR UNSP 18 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/207/1/18 PG 58 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 194KJ UT WOS:000322631500018 ER PT J AU Bacheler, NM Bartolino, V Reichert, MJM AF Bacheler, Nathan M. Bartolino, Valerio Reichert, Marcel J. M. TI Influence of soak time and fish accumulation on catches of reef fishes in a multispecies trap survey SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-ATLANTIC BIGHT; GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; HAEMULON-AUROLINEATUM; HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; VERMILION SNAPPER; UNIT-EFFORT; ABUNDANCE; CRAB; BEHAVIOR; CATCHABILITY AB Catch rates from fishery-independent surveys often are assumed to vary in proportion to the actual abundance of a population, but this approach assumes that the catchability coefficient (q) is constant. When fish accumulate in a gear, the rate at which the gear catches fish can decline, and, as a result, catch asymptotes and q declines with longer fishing times. We used data from long-term trap surveys (1990-2011) in the southeastern U.S. Atlantic to determine whether traps saturated for 8 reef fish species because of the amount of time traps soaked or the level of fish accumulation (the total number of individuals of all fish species caught in a trap). We used a delta-generalized-additive model to relate the catch of each species to a variety of predictor variables to determine how catch was influenced by soak time and fish accumulation after accounting for variability in catch due to the other predictor variables in the model. We found evidence of trap saturation for all 8 reef fish species examined. Traps became saturated for most species across the range of soak times examined, but trap saturation occurred for 3 fish species because of fish accumulation levels in the trap. Our results indicate that, to infer relative abundance levels from catch data, future studies should standardize catch or catch rates with nonlinear regression models that incorporate soak time, fish accumulation, and any other predictor variable that may ultimately influence catch. Determination of the exact mechanisms that cause trap saturation is a critical need for accurate stock assessment, and our results indicate that these mechanisms may vary considerably among species. C1 [Bacheler, Nathan M.] NOAA, Beaufort Lab, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Bartolino, Valerio] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Resources, S-45330 Lysekil, Sweden. [Bartolino, Valerio] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Earth Sci, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Reichert, Marcel J. M.] Marine Resources Res Inst, South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Bacheler, NM (reprint author), NOAA, Beaufort Lab, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM nate.bacheler@noaa.gov OI Bartolino, Valerio/0000-0002-4506-4329 FU National Marine Fisheries Service [NA06NMF4540093, NA06NMF4350021] FX We thank the captains and crews of the RV Palmetto, RV Savannah, NOAA Ship Nancy Foster, and NOAA Ship Pisces, the MARMAP and SEFIS staffs, and the numerous volunteers for making our field work possible. We benefited greatly from discussions with D. Berrane, J. Buckel, L. Coggins, K. Gross, Y. Jaio, T. Kellison, Y. Li, W. Mitchell, K. Shertzer, C. Schobernd, Z. Schobernd, T. Smart, and E. Williams. We also thank P. Marraro, C. Schobernd, K. Shertzer, and 4 anonymous reviewers for providing comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. This work was supported in part by funds provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service (award numbers NA06NMF4540093 and NA06NMF4350021). This article is contribution 701 of the South Carolina Marine Resources Center. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 111 IS 3 BP 218 EP 232 DI 10.7755/FB.111.3.2 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 194CS UT WOS:000322609200002 ER PT J AU Wood, AD Cadrin, SX AF Wood, Anthony D. Cadrin, Steven X. TI Mortality and movement of Yellowtail Flounder (Limanda ferruginea) tagged off New England SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MARKED ANIMALS; SURVIVAL; MODELS AB From 2003 to 2006, 44,882 Yellowtail Flounder (Limanda ferruginea) were captured and released with conventional disc tags in the western North Atlantic as part of a cooperative Yellowtail Flounder tagging study. From these releases, 3767 of the tags were recovered. The primary objectives of this tagging program were to evaluate the mortality and large-scale movement of Yellowtail Flounder among 3 stock areas in New England. To explore mortality, survival and recovery rate were estimated from traditional Brownie tag-recovery models fitted to the data with Program MARK. Models were examined with time- and sex-dependent parameters over several temporal scales. The models with a monthly scale for both survival and recovery rate had the best overall fit and returned parameter estimates that were biologically reasonable. Estimates of survival from the tag-recovery models confirm the general magnitude of total mortality derived from age-based stock assessments but indicate that survival was greater for females than for males. In addition to calculating mortality estimates, we examined the pattern of release and recapture locations and revealed frequent movements within stock areas and less frequent movement among stock areas. The collaboration of fishermen and scientists for this study successfully resulted in independent confirmation of previously documented patterns of movement and mortality rates from conventional age-based analyses. C1 [Wood, Anthony D.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Cadrin, Steven X.] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA. RP Wood, AD (reprint author), NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM anthony.wood@noaa.gov FU Northeast Consortium; Northeast Cooperative Research Program of the Northeast Fisheries Science Center; NMFS Stock Assessment Improvement Program; Massachusetts Marine Fisheries Institute FX Fishermen and researchers cooperated to develop the general approach and technical details of this tagging study. Many fishermen have contributed to this study, including 3 who were involved in all aspects of planning and decision-making: D. Goethel, R. Avila, and F. Mattera. Many scientists collaborated on this study, helping with tagging and other at-sea work, data modeling and analyses, and database development and maintenance. Specific thanks go to A. Westwood, J. Moser, L. Alade, D. Martins, G, DeCelles, D. Goethel, T. Miller, S. Kubis, and C. Sumi. This study was funded by the Northeast Consortium, the Northeast Cooperative Research Program of the Northeast Fisheries Science Center, the NMFS Stock Assessment Improvement Program, and the Massachusetts Marine Fisheries Institute. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 111 IS 3 BP 279 EP 287 DI 10.7755/FB.111.3.6 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 194CS UT WOS:000322609200006 ER PT J AU Dunkley, J Calabrese, E Sievers, J Addison, GE Battaglia, N Battistelli, ES Bond, JR Das, S Devlin, MJ Dunner, R Fowler, JW Gralla, M Hajian, A Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Hincks, AD Hlozek, R Hughes, JP Irwin, KD Kosowsky, A Louis, T Marriage, TA Marsden, D Menanteau, F Moodley, K Niemack, M Nolta, MR Page, LA Partridge, B Sehgal, N Spergel, DN Staggs, ST Switzer, ER Trac, H Wollack, E AF Dunkley, J. Calabrese, E. Sievers, J. Addison, G. E. Battaglia, N. Battistelli, E. S. Bond, J. R. Das, S. Devlin, M. J. Duenner, R. Fowler, J. W. Gralla, M. Hajian, A. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, M. Hincks, A. D. Hlozek, R. Hughes, J. P. Irwin, K. D. Kosowsky, A. Louis, T. Marriage, T. A. Marsden, D. Menanteau, F. Moodley, K. Niemack, M. Nolta, M. R. Page, L. A. Partridge, B. Sehgal, N. Spergel, D. N. Staggs, S. T. Switzer, E. R. Trac, H. Wollack, E. TI The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: likelihood for small-scale CMB data SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmological parameters from CMBR; CMBR experiments; Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect ID SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; ZELDOVICH POWER SPECTRUM; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; SUNYAEV-ZELDOVICH; CLUSTER PHYSICS; 148 GHZ; PARAMETERS; REIONIZATION AB The Atacama Cosmology Telescope has measured the angular power spectra of microwave fluctuations to arcminute scales at frequencies of 148 and 218 GHz, from three seasons of data. At small scales the fluctuations in the primordial Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) become increasingly obscured by extragalactic foregounds and secondary CMB signals. We present results from a nine-parameter model describing these secondary effects, including the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ and kSZ) power; the clustered and Poisson-like power from Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB) sources, and their frequency scaling; the tSZ-CIB correlation coefficient; the extragalactic radio source power; and thermal dust emission from Galactic cirrus in two different regions of the sky. In order to extract cosmological parameters, we describe a likelihood function for the ACT data, fitting this model to the multi-frequency spectra in the multipole range 500 < l < 10000. We extend the likelihood to include spectra from the South Pole Telescope at frequencies of 95, 150, and 220 GHz. Accounting for different radio source levels and Galactic cirrus emission, the same model provides an excellent fit to both datasets simultaneously, with chi(2)/dof= 675/697 for ACT, and 96/107 for SPT. We then use the multi-frequency likelihood to estimate the CMB power spectrum from ACT in bandpowers, marginalizing over the secondary parameters. This provides a simplified 'CMB-only' likelihood in the range 500 < l < 3500 for use in cosmological parameter estimation. C1 [Dunkley, J.; Calabrese, E.; Addison, G. E.; Louis, T.] Univ Oxford, Subdept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Sievers, J.; Hlozek, R.; Marriage, T. A.; Page, L. A.; Staggs, S. T.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Addison, G. E.; Halpern, M.; Hasselfield, M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Battaglia, N.; Trac, H.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, McWilliams Ctr Cosmol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Battistelli, E. S.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Bond, J. R.; Hajian, A.; Hincks, A. D.; Nolta, M. R.; Switzer, E. R.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Das, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Das, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, LBL, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Das, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Devlin, M. J.; Marsden, D.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Duenner, R.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Fowler, J. W.; Irwin, K. D.; Niemack, M.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gralla, M.; Marriage, T. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Hasselfield, M.; Hlozek, R.; Marriage, T. A.; Spergel, D. N.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hughes, J. P.; Menanteau, F.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Kosowsky, A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Marsden, D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Moodley, K.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Sci, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Niemack, M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Partridge, B.] Haverford Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. [Sehgal, N.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Wollack, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Dunkley, J (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Subdept Astrophys, Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. EM j.dunkley@physics.ox.ac.uk RI Spergel, David/A-4410-2011; Trac, Hy/N-8838-2014; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Trac, Hy/0000-0001-6778-3861; Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Menanteau, Felipe/0000-0002-1372-2534; Sievers, Jonathan/0000-0001-6903-5074 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [AST-0408698, AST-0965625, PHY-0855887, PHY-1214379]; Princeton University; University of Pennsylvania; Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI); Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT); CFI; Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund - Research Excellence; University of Toronto; ERC grant [259505]; NASA Office of Space Science; Compute Canada FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through awards AST-0408698 and AST-0965625 for the ACT project, as well as awards PHY-0855887 and PHY-1214379. Funding was also provided by Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania, and a Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) award to UBC. ACT operates in the Parque Astronomico Atacama in northern Chile under the auspices of the Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT). Computations were performed on the GPC supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet is funded by the CFI under the auspices of Compute Canada, the Government of Ontario, the Ontario Research Fund - Research Excellence; and the University of Toronto. Funding from ERC grant 259505 supports JD, EC, and TL. We thank George Efstathiou and Steven Gratton for useful discussions, and Christian Reichardt for help with the SPT data. We acknowledge the use of the Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis (LAMBDA). Support for LAMBDA is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science. The likelihood codes will be made public through LAMBDA (http://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/) and the ACT website(http://www.physics.princeton.edu/act/). NR 73 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD JUL PY 2013 IS 7 AR 025 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2013/07/025 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 193SO UT WOS:000322582000026 ER PT J AU Hasselfield, M Hilton, M Marriage, TA Addison, GE Barrientos, LF Battaglia, N Battistelli, ES Bond, JR Crichton, D Das, S Devlin, MJ Dicker, SR Dunkley, J Dunner, R Fowler, JW Gralla, MB Hajian, A Halpern, M Hincks, AD Hlozek, R Hughes, JP Infante, L Irwin, KD Kosowsky, A Marsden, D Menanteau, F Moodley, K Niemack, MD Nolta, MR Page, LA Partridge, B Reese, ED Schmitt, BL Sehgal, N Sherwin, BD Sievers, J Sifon, C Spergel, DN Staggs, ST Swetz, DS Switzer, ER Thornton, R Trac, H Wollack, EJ AF Hasselfield, Matthew Hilton, Matt Marriage, Tobias A. Addison, Graeme E. Barrientos, L. Felipe Battaglia, Nicholas Battistelli, Elia S. Bond, J. Richard Crichton, Devin Das, Sudeep Devlin, Mark J. Dicker, Simon R. Dunkley, Joanna Duenner, Rolando Fowler, Joseph W. Gralla, Megan B. Hajian, Amir Halpern, Mark Hincks, Adam D. Hlozek, Renee Hughes, John P. Infante, Leopoldo Irwin, Kent D. Kosowsky, Arthur Marsden, Danica Menanteau, Felipe Moodley, Kavilan Niemack, Michael D. Nolta, Michael R. Page, Lyman A. Partridge, Bruce Reese, Erik D. Schmitt, Benjamin L. Sehgal, Neelima Sherwin, Blake D. Sievers, Jon Sifon, Cristobal Spergel, David N. Staggs, Suzanne T. Swetz, Daniel S. Switzer, Eric R. Thornton, Robert Trac, Hy Wollack, Edward J. TI The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Sunyaev-Zel'dovich selected galaxy clusters at 148 GHz from three seasons of data SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxy clusters; Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect ID SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; GREATER-THAN 1; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; DARK-ENERGY CONSTRAINTS; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; X-RAY DATA; SCALING RELATIONS; POWER SPECTRUM; RICH CLUSTERS AB We present a catalog of 68 galaxy clusters, of which 19 are new discoveries, detected via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZ) at 148 GHz in the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) survey on the celestial equator. With this addition, the ACT collaboration has reported a total of 91 optically confirmed, SZ detected clusters. The 504 square degree survey region includes 270 square degrees of overlap with SDSS Stripe 82, permitting the confirmation of SZ cluster candidates in deep archival optical data. The subsample of 48 clusters within Stripe 82 is estimated to be 90% complete for M-500c > 4.5 x 10(14)M(circle dot) and redshifts 0.15 < z < 0.8. While a full suite of matched filters is used to detect the clusters, the sample is studied further through a "Profile Based Amplitude Analysis" using a statistic derived from a single filter at a fixed theta(500) = 5'.9 angular scale. This new approach incorporates the cluster redshift along with prior information on the cluster pressure profile to fix the relationship between the cluster characteristic size (R-500) and the integrated Compton parameter (Y-500). We adopt a one-parameter family of "Universal Pressure Profiles" (UPP) with associated scaling laws, derived from X-ray measurements of nearby clusters, as a baseline model. Three additional models of cluster physics are used to investigate a range of scaling relations beyond the UPP prescription. Assuming a concordance cosmology, the UPP scalings are found to be nearly identical to an adiabatic model, while a model incorporating non-thermal pressure better matches dynamical mass measurements and masses from the South Pole Telescope. A high signal to noise ratio subsample of 15 ACT clusters with complete optical follow-up is used to obtain cosmological constraints. We demonstrate, using fixed scaling relations, how the constraints depend on the assumed gas model if only SZ measurements are used, and show that constraints from SZ data are limited by uncertainty in the scaling relation parameters rather than sample size or measurement uncertainty. We next add in seven clusters from the ACT Southern survey, including their dynamical mass measurements, which are based on galaxy velocity dispersions and thus are independent of the gas physics. In combination with WMAP7 these data simultaneously constrain the scaling relation and cosmological parameters, yielding 68% confidence ranges described by sigma(8) = 0.829 +/- 0.024 and Omega(m) = 0.292 +/- 0.025. We consider these results in the context of constraints from CMB and other cluster studies. The constraints arise mainly due to the inclusion of the dynamical mass information and do not require strong priors on the SZ scaling relation parameters. The results include marginalization over a 15% bias in dynamical masses relative to the true halo mass. In an extension to Lambda CDM that incorporates non-zero neutrino mass density, we combine our data with WMAP7, Baryon Acoustic Oscillation data, and Hubble constant measurements to constrain the sum of the neutrino mass species to be Sigma(nu)m(nu) < 0.29eV (95% confidence limit). C1 [Hasselfield, Matthew; Hlozek, Renee; Sievers, Jon; Spergel, David N.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hasselfield, Matthew; Addison, Graeme E.; Battistelli, Elia S.; Halpern, Mark] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Hilton, Matt; Moodley, Kavilan] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Hilton, Matt] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Ctr Astron & Particle Theory, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Marriage, Tobias A.; Crichton, Devin; Gralla, Megan B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Addison, Graeme E.; Dunkley, Joanna] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Barrientos, L. Felipe; Duenner, Rolando; Infante, Leopoldo] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Battaglia, Nicholas; Trac, Hy] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Battaglia, Nicholas; Bond, J. Richard; Hajian, Amir; Hincks, Adam D.; Nolta, Michael R.; Sievers, Jon; Switzer, Eric R.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Battistelli, Elia S.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Das, Sudeep] Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Das, Sudeep] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Das, Sudeep] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Devlin, Mark J.; Dicker, Simon R.; Marsden, Danica; Reese, Erik D.; Schmitt, Benjamin L.; Swetz, Daniel S.; Thornton, Robert] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Fowler, Joseph W.; Irwin, Kent D.; Niemack, Michael D.; Swetz, Daniel S.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fowler, Joseph W.; Niemack, Michael D.; Sherwin, Blake D.; Staggs, Suzanne T.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hughes, John P.; Menanteau, Felipe] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Kosowsky, Arthur] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Marsden, Danica] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Niemack, Michael D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Partridge, Bruce] Haverford Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. [Sehgal, Neelima] Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Sifon, Cristobal] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Thornton, Robert] West Chester Univ Penn, Dept Phys, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. [Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Hasselfield, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM mhasse@astro.princeton.edu; hiltonm@ukzn.ac.za; marriage@pha.jhu.edu RI Spergel, David/A-4410-2011; Hilton, Matthew James/N-5860-2013; Trac, Hy/N-8838-2014; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Trac, Hy/0000-0001-6778-3861; Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Menanteau, Felipe/0000-0002-1372-2534; Sievers, Jonathan/0000-0001-6903-5074; Sifon, Cristobal/0000-0002-8149-1352 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [AST-0408698, AST-0965625, PHY-0855887, PHY-1214379]; Princeton University; University of Pennsylvania; Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) award; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT); CFI; Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund - Research Excellence; University of Toronto; Compute Canada FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through awards AST-0408698 and AST-0965625 for the ACT project, as well as awards PHY-0855887 and PHY-1214379. Funding was also provided by Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania, and a Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) award to UBC. ACT operates in the Parque Astronomico Atacama in northern Chile under the auspices of the Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT). Computations were performed on the GPC supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet is funded by the CFI under the auspices of Compute Canada, the Government of Ontario, the Ontario Research Fund - Research Excellence; and the University of Toronto. NR 126 TC 144 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD JUL PY 2013 IS 7 AR 008 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2013/07/008 PG 62 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 193SO UT WOS:000322582000009 ER PT J AU Hu, M Zhang, TC Stansbury, J Neal, J Garboczi, EJ AF Hu, Meng Zhang, Tian C. Stansbury, John Neal, Jill Garboczi, Edward J. TI Determination of Porosity and Thickness of Biofilm Attached on Irregular-Shaped Media SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Biofilm; Porosity; Measurement; Thickness; Biofilm; Density; Porosity; Thickness; Measurement method ID WASTE-WATER; SUBSTRATE; PARTICLES; DENSITY; SYSTEMS; GROWTH AB Biofilm density, porosity, and thickness are biofilm architecture properties that are important but often difficult to measure. In this study, wet and dry biofilm densities and biofilm porosity in shredded tire biofilters were measured using a volumetric displacement method and a new porosity equation. Methods for determining the surface area and mean thickness of biofilms attached to shredded tires were developed on the basis of the box- and ellipsoid-shape models with the data of (1)the volume calculated from the measured weight of the filter medium () or (2)the three longest lines of the filter medium measured with a digital caliper. As a benchmark, the surface area of the shredded tire particles were calculated from X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning and compared to, and linearly correlated with, the results from the models. The ellipsoid-shape model with the modified length-width-depth data and was determined to be the best model to compute the surface area and biofilm thickness. The method of biofilm thickness measurement may be applicable in attached growth systems packed with other irregular-shaped media. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Hu, Meng] Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hu, Meng; Zhang, Tian C.; Stansbury, John] Univ Nebraska, Dept Civil Engn, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. [Neal, Jill] US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Garboczi, Edward J.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hu, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mhu@umd.edu; tzhang@unomaha.edu; jstansbury@unl.edu; neal.jill@epa.gov; Edward.garboczi@nist.gov FU University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Nebraska Center for Energy Sciences Research; USEPA Project Advanced Decentralized Water/Energy Network Design for Sustainable Infrastructure (EPA) [CR-83419301]; NIST Project Innovative Measurement Science for Shape Metrology FX The authors would like to thank the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, especially the Nebraska Center for Energy Sciences Research for funding the study, along with the USEPA Project Advanced Decentralized Water/Energy Network Design for Sustainable Infrastructure (EPA #: CR-83419301) and the NIST Project Innovative Measurement Science for Shape Metrology. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 27 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 139 IS 7 BP 923 EP 931 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000699 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 193DF UT WOS:000322537100001 ER PT J AU Dennis, RV Schultz, BJ Jaye, C Wang, X Fischer, DA Cartwright, AN Banerjee, S AF Dennis, Robert V. Schultz, Brian J. Jaye, Cherno Wang, Xi Fischer, Daniel A. Cartwright, Alexander N. Banerjee, Sarbajit TI Near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy study of nitrogen incorporation in chemically reduced graphene oxide SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID DOPED GRAPHENE; GRAPHITE OXIDE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MONOLAYER GRAPHENE; CARBON-FILMS; REDUCTION; GAS; HYBRIDIZATION; TRANSPARENT; PROGRESS AB The chemical reduction of exfoliated graphene oxide (GO) has gained widespread acceptance as a scalable route for the preparation of chemically derived graphene albeit with remnant topological defects and residual functional groups that preclude realization of the conductance of single-layered graphene. Reduction of GO with hydrazine is substantially effective in restoring the p-conjugated framework of graphene and leads to about a five-to-six orders of magnitude decrease of sheet resistance, but has also been found to result in incidental nitrogen incorporation. Here, the authors use a combination of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and C, O, and N K-edge near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy to examine the local geometric and electronic structure of the incorporated nitrogen species. Both NEXAFS and XPS data suggest substantial recovery of the sp(2)-hybridized graphene framework upon chemical reduction and removal of epoxide, ketone, hydroxyl, and carboxylic acid species. Two distinct types of nitrogen atoms with pyridinic and pyrrolic character are identified in reduced graphene oxide. The N K-edge NEXAFS spectra suggest that the nitrogen atoms are stabilized within aromatic heterocycles such as pyrazole rings, which has been further corroborated by comparison to standards. The pyrazole fragments are thought to be stabilized by reaction of diketo groups on the edges of graphene sheets with hydrazine. The incorporation of nitrogen within reduced graphene oxide thus leads to local bonding configurations very distinct from substitutional doping observed for graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition in the presence of NH3. (C) 2013 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Dennis, Robert V.; Schultz, Brian J.; Banerjee, Sarbajit] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Xi; Cartwright, Alexander N.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Dennis, RV (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM sb244@buffalo.edu RI Cartwright, Alexander/C-4380-2008 OI Cartwright, Alexander/0000-0002-0921-8036 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Science Foundation [CHE 1048740] FX Certain commercial names are presented in this manuscript for purposes of illustration and do not constitute an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The XPS instrument used in this study was acquired through support from the National Science Foundation under CHE 1048740. NR 58 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 7 U2 57 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL PY 2013 VL 31 IS 4 AR 041204 DI 10.1116/1.4813058 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 190YO UT WOS:000322379800020 ER PT J AU Jackson, A Beers, KM Chen, XC Hexemer, A Pople, JA Kerr, JB Balsara, NP AF Jackson, Andrew Beers, Keith M. Chen, X. Chelsea Hexemer, Alexander Pople, John A. Kerr, John B. Balsara, Nitash P. TI Design of a humidity controlled sample stage for simultaneous conductivity and synchrotron X-ray scattering measurements SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANES; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; DIFFRACTION; NAFION; MORPHOLOGY; STATE; CELLS AB We report on the design and operation of a novel sample stage, used to simultaneously measure X-ray scattering profiles and conductivity of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) surrounded by humid air as a function of temperature and relative humidity. We present data obtained at the Advanced Light Source and Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory. We demonstrate precise humidity control and accurate determination of morphology and conductivity over a wide range of temperatures. The sample stage is used to study structure-property relationships of a semi-crystalline block copolymer PEM, sulfonated polystyrene-block-polyethylene. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Jackson, Andrew] European Spallat Source ESS AB, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Jackson, Andrew] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DC 19716 USA. [Jackson, Andrew] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jackson, Andrew; Kerr, John B.; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Beers, Keith M.; Chen, X. Chelsea; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Beers, Keith M.] Exponent, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Beers, Keith M.; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hexemer, Alexander] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pople, John A.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Jackson, A (reprint author), European Spallat Source ESS AB, POB 176, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. EM andrew.jackson@esss.se; nbalsara@berkeley.edu RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008 OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336 FU Soft Matter Electron Microscopy Program; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science, U.S. Department of Energy; Fuel Cell Technologies Program, Energy Efficiency, and Renewable Energy Division [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy FX Funding for this work was provided by the Soft Matter Electron Microscopy Program, supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science, U.S. Department of Energy, and the Fuel Cell Technologies Program, Energy Efficiency, and Renewable Energy Division under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We thank Rene Delano of the Center for X-ray Optics machine shop for assistance in the fabrication of this cell. SAXS experiments were performed at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) and the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL). The ALS is a DOE national user facility and is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under the same contract. SSRL is a Directorate of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Stanford University. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, materials, suppliers, and software are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 84 IS 7 AR 075114 DI 10.1063/1.4815981 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 194AI UT WOS:000322602200077 PM 23902113 ER PT J AU Nowakowski, BK Smith, DT Smith, ST Correa, LF Cook, RF AF Nowakowski, B. K. Smith, D. T. Smith, S. T. Correa, L. F. Cook, R. F. TI Development of a precision nanoindentation platform SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; INSTRUMENTED INDENTATION; HARDNESS MEASUREMENT; CALIBRATION; INDENTERS; DEPTH; LOAD AB The design, construction, and performance of a surface-referenced nanoindentation instrument, termed a precision nanoindentation platform (PNP), are presented. The PNP is a symmetrically designed instrument with a centrally located indenter tip attached to a force cell for measuring the forces between the tip and a specimen. Penetration of the indenter tip into the specimen surface is measured using two proximity sensors placed symmetrically about the indenter. Each proximity sensor is attached to a piezoelectric actuator that is servo controlled to maintain the sensor and the reference frame to which it is attached at a constant height relative to the specimen surface. As the indenter tip penetrates the specimen surface, the movement of the tip relative to the two surface reference frames is measured using capacitance gauges and the average of these displacements is used as a measure of penetration depth. The current indenter is capable of applying indentation forces of up to 150 mN with a noise floor below 2 mu N rms for a sampling rate of 1 kHz, and measuring displacement with 0.4 nm rms noise for the same sampling rate. The proximity sensors are capable of maintaining surface height variations of less than 1.0 nm with penetration depths of up to 10 mu m. Long-term stability tests indicate a total uncertainty in indentation depth less than 10 nm for periods as long as 12 h. To demonstrate instrument accuracy, repeated indention cycles were performed on a fused silica specimen using incrementally increasing indention force. From this test, an average value of 72 GPa +/- 1.5 GPa for the Young's modulus was obtained from the elastic unloading curves for 10 measurements ranging in maximum force from 5 mN to 50 mN. To demonstrate longer-term instrument stability, a poly(methyl methacrylate) specimen was subjected to a fixed 5 mN indentation force for 4 h; two distinct creep-like mechanisms were observed. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Nowakowski, B. K.; Smith, D. T.; Correa, L. F.; Cook, R. F.] NIST, Nanomech Properties Grp, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Smith, S. T.] UNC Charlotte, Ctr Precis Metrol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. RP Smith, DT (reprint author), NIST, Nanomech Properties Grp, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM douglas.smith@nist.gov RI Smith, Douglas/I-4403-2016 OI Smith, Douglas/0000-0002-9358-3449 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Innovations in Measurement Science program FX This work was supported in part by funding from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Innovations in Measurement Science program. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 84 IS 7 AR 075110 DI 10.1063/1.4811195 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 194AI UT WOS:000322602200073 PM 23902109 ER PT J AU Tung, RC Killgore, JP Hurley, DC AF Tung, Ryan C. Killgore, Jason P. Hurley, Donna C. TI Hydrodynamic corrections to contact resonance atomic force microscopy measurements of viscoelastic loss tangent SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; VISCOUS FLUIDS; ENERGY-DISSIPATION; FREQUENCY-RESPONSE; METALLIC-GLASS; NICKEL AB We present a method to improve accuracy in measurements of nanoscale viscoelastic material properties with contact resonance atomic force microscope methods. Through the use of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic function, we obtain a more precise estimate of the fluid damping experienced by the cantilever-sample system in contact resonance experiments, leading to more accurate values for the tip-sample damping and related material properties. Specifically, we consider the damping and added mass effects generated by both the proximity of the cantilever to the sample surface and the frequency dependence on the hydrodynamic loading of the system. The theoretical correction method is implemented on experimental contact resonance measurements. The measurements are taken on a thin polystyrene film and are used to determine the viscoelastic loss tangent, tan delta, of the material. The magnitude of the corrections become significant on materials with low tan delta (<0.1) and are especially important for measurements made with the first flexural mode of vibration. C1 [Tung, Ryan C.; Killgore, Jason P.; Hurley, Donna C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Tung, RC (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ryan.tung@nist.gov FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This research was performed while Ryan C. Tung held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. We thank L. M. Cox and Y. Ding (University of Colorado-Boulder) for DMA measurements and time-temperature superposition analysis. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 84 IS 7 AR 073703 DI 10.1063/1.4812633 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 194AI UT WOS:000322602200036 PM 23902072 ER PT J AU Harrison, DE Carson, M AF Harrison, D. E. Carson, Mark TI Recent sea level and upper ocean temperature variability and trends; cook islands regional results and perspective SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID WORLD OCEAN; PACIFIC; ANOMALIES; DYNAMICS; IMPACTS AB The goal of this paper is to provide information on the sea level and upper ocean temperature variability and trends in the Cook Islands region within a global context. Oceanic fisheries variability and change take place within the physical environment. Because the state of the historical data set is not as would be desired, we begin with some review of data distribution issues. We provide some new results from the Cook Islands region but draw upon previous work for information about the global and ocean-basin scale context. There are clear trends over recent decades in sea level and, generally, in upper ocean temperature, but there is also substantial interannual and interdecadal variability, which are larger locally than globally. Because of this variability, it is not possible to say if recent Cook Islands regional trends are representative of longer-term trends, or if longer-term trends have increased recently. Trends in the Cook Islands region over the last four decades are similar to 0.1-0.3 degrees C per decade in near surface temperature and similar to 2-3 cm sea level per decade. C1 [Harrison, D. E.] NOAA PMEL, Seattle, WA USA. [Harrison, D. E.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Carson, Mark] Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. RP Harrison, DE (reprint author), NOAA PMEL, Seattle, WA USA. EM d.e.harrison@noaa.gov RI Harrison, Don/D-9582-2013 FU NOAA Office of Climate Observations and NOAA's Pacific Marine Environment Laboratory; Cnes FX This work was supported by the NOAA Office of Climate Observations and NOAA's Pacific Marine Environment Laboratory. "The altimeter products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by Aviso, with support from Cnes (http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/duacs/)." The tide gauge data was provided by the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JUL PY 2013 VL 119 IS 1 SI SI BP 37 EP 48 DI 10.1007/s10584-012-0580-8 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 185GC UT WOS:000321953700005 ER PT J AU Howell, EA Wabnitz, CCC Dunne, JP Polovina, JJ AF Howell, Evan A. Wabnitz, Colette C. C. Dunne, John P. Polovina, Jeffrey J. TI Climate-induced primary productivity change and fishing impacts on the Central North Pacific ecosystem and Hawaii-based pelagic longline fishery SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; PREDATORS; ECOPATH; ECOSIM; OCEAN; DYNAMICS; MODELS; TUNA AB An existing Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) model for the Central North Pacific was updated and modified to focus on the area used by the Hawaii-based pelagic longline fishery. The EwE model was combined with output from a coupled NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory climate and biogeochemical model to investigate the likely ecosystem impacts of fishing and climate-induced primary productivity changes. Four simulations were conducted based on 2 fishing effort and climate scenarios from 2010 to 2100. Modeled small and large phytoplankton biomass decreased by 10 % and 20 % respectively, resulting in a 10 % decline in the total biomass of all higher trophic level groups combined. Climate impacts also affected the Hawaii longline fishery, with a 25-29 % reduction in modeled target species yield. Climate impacts on the ecosystem and the fishery were partially mitigated by a drop in fishing effort. Scenarios with a 50 % reduction in fishing effort partially restored longline target species yield to current levels, and decreased longline nontarget species yield. These model results suggest that a further reduction in fishery landings mortality over time than the 2010 level may be necessary to mitigate climate impacts and help sustain yields of commercially preferred fish species targeted by the Hawaii longline fishery through the 21st century. C1 [Howell, Evan A.; Polovina, Jeffrey J.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wabnitz, Colette C. C.] Secretariat Pacific Community, Coastal Fisheries Sci & Management Sect, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia. [Dunne, John P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Howell, EA (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM Evan.Howell@noaa.gov RI Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; OI Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Howell, Evan/0000-0001-9904-4633 FU NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program [NA10NMF4520325] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Villy Christensen, Carl Walters, Christofer Boggs, Phoebe Woodworth-Jefcoats, Keith Bigelow, Pierre Kleiber, Megan Duncan, Michael Seki, Matthew Parry, Charles Stock, Joe Buszowski, and Kelly Kearney for productive discussions and/or Ecopath assistance. The authors would also like to thank Evgeny Pakhomov and Brian Hunt from the University of British Columbia, Brian Popp, Anela Choy, and Jeff Drazen from the University of Hawaii, Peter Williams and Colin Millar of the Secretariat of the Pacific Community, John Childers of the NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Dean Courtney of the NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center, and Kevin Piner and Brent Miyamoto of the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center for assistance in obtaining data and model parameter estimates. This research was conducted with partial support and as part of the NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program, as well as funding under NA10NMF4520325 to CW. NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JUL PY 2013 VL 119 IS 1 SI SI BP 79 EP 93 DI 10.1007/s10584-012-0597-z PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 185GC UT WOS:000321953700008 ER PT J AU Hollowed, AB Curchitser, EN Stock, CA Zhang, CI AF Hollowed, Anne Babcock Curchitser, Enrique N. Stock, Charles A. Zhang, Chang Ik TI Trade-offs associated with different modeling approaches for assessment of fish and shellfish responses to climate change SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; US WEST-COAST; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; ECOSYSTEM MODELS; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; SKILL ASSESSMENT; CHANGE SCENARIOS; DYNAMICS MODEL; FOOD WEBS AB Considerable progress has been made in integrating carbon, nutrient, phytoplankton and zooplankton dynamics into global-scale physical climate models. Scientists are exploring ways to extend the resolution of the biosphere within these Earth system models (ESMs) to include impacts on global distribution and abundance of commercially exploited fish and shellfish. This paper compares different methods for modeling fish and shellfish responses to climate change on global and regional scales. Several different modeling approaches are considered including: direct applications of ESM's, use of ESM output for estimation of shifts in bioclimatic windows, using ESM outputs to force single-and multispecies stock projection models, and using ESM and physical climate model outputs to force regional bio-physical models of varying complexity and mechanistic resolution. We evaluate the utility of each of these modeling approaches in addressing nine key questions relevant to climate change impacts on living marine resources. No single modeling approach was capable of fully addressing each question. A blend of highly mechanistic and less computationally intensive methods is recommended to gain mechanistic insights and to identify model uncertainties. C1 [Hollowed, Anne Babcock] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Curchitser, Enrique N.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Stock, Charles A.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Zhang, Chang Ik] Pukyong Natl Univ, Div Marine Prod Syst Management, Pusan 608737, South Korea. RP Hollowed, AB (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM anne.hollowed@noaa.gov OI Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013 NR 75 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JUL PY 2013 VL 119 IS 1 SI SI BP 111 EP 129 DI 10.1007/s10584-012-0641-z PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 185GC UT WOS:000321953700010 ER PT J AU Nicol, SJ Allain, V Pilling, GM Polovina, J Coll, M Bell, J Dalzell, P Sharples, P Olson, R Griffiths, S Dambacher, JM Young, J Lewis, A Hampton, J Molina, JJ Hoyle, S Briand, K Bax, N Lehodey, P Williams, P AF Nicol, Simon J. Allain, Valerie Pilling, Graham M. Polovina, Jeff Coll, Marta Bell, Johann Dalzell, Paul Sharples, Peter Olson, Robert Griffiths, Shane Dambacher, Jeffrey M. Young, Jock Lewis, Antony Hampton, John Molina, Jesus Jurado Hoyle, Simon Briand, Karine Bax, Nic Lehodey, Patrick Williams, Peter TI An ocean observation system for monitoring the affects of climate change on the ecology and sustainability of pelagic fisheries in the Pacific Ocean SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; EASTERN AUSTRALIA; TROPHIC CASCADES; TOP PREDATORS; FOOD-WEB; EL-NINO; DYNAMICS; ECOPATH; MODEL; BIODIVERSITY AB Climate change presents an emerging challenge to the sustainable management of tuna fisheries, and robust information is essential to ensure future sustainability. Climate and harvest affect tuna stocks, populations of non-target, dependent species and the ecosystem. To provide relevant advice we need an improved understanding of oceanic ecosystems and better data to parameterise the models that forecast the impacts of climate change. Currently ocean-wide data collection in the Pacific Ocean is primarily restricted to oceanographic data. However, the fisheries observer programs that operate in the region offer an opportunity to collect the additional information on the mid and upper trophic levels of the ecosystem that is necessary to complement this physical data, including time-series of distribution, abundance, size, composition and biological information on target and non-target species and mid trophic level organisms. These observer programs are in their infancy, with limited temporal and spatial distribution but recent international and national policy decisions have been made to expand their coverage. We identify a number of actions to initiate this monitoring including: consolidating collaborations to ensure the use of best quality data; developing consistency between sub-regional observer programmes to ensure that they meet the objectives of ecosystem monitoring; interrogating of existing time series to determine the most appropriate spatial template for monitoring; and exploring existing ecosystem models to identify suitable indicators of ecosystem status and change. The information obtained should improve capacity to develop fisheries management policies that are resilient and can be adapted to climate change. C1 [Nicol, Simon J.; Allain, Valerie; Pilling, Graham M.; Polovina, Jeff; Sharples, Peter; Lewis, Antony; Hampton, John; Molina, Jesus Jurado; Hoyle, Simon; Briand, Karine; Williams, Peter] Secretariat Pacific Community, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia. [Polovina, Jeff] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Coll, Marta] Inst Ciencias Mar, Barcelona 08003, Spain. [Dalzell, Paul] Western Pacific Reg Fisheries Management Council, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Olson, Robert] Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Griffiths, Shane] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Dutton Pk, Qld 4102, Australia. [Dambacher, Jeffrey M.; Young, Jock; Bax, Nic] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Lehodey, Patrick] CLS, Space Oceanog Div, F-31520 Ramonville St Agne, Saint Agne, France. RP Nicol, SJ (reprint author), Secretariat Pacific Community, BP D5, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia. EM simonn@spc.int RI Bax, Nicholas/A-2321-2012 OI Bax, Nicholas/0000-0002-9697-4963 FU Global Environment Facility Pacific Islands Oceanic Fisheries Management project; 9th European Union Development Fund (SCIFISH project); 10th European Union Development Fund (SCICOFISH project); Australian Government Overseas Aid Program (AusAID); Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) FX Financial support was provided by the Global Environment Facility Pacific Islands Oceanic Fisheries Management project, the 9th European Union Development Fund (SCIFISH project), the 10th European Union Development Fund (SCICOFISH project), Australian Government Overseas Aid Program (AusAID) and Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ). We would like to thank the following persons for the provision of data and information on observer programmes: Nick Vogel, Stephen Brouwer, Karl Staisch, Tim Park, Stuart Arceneaux, Lesley Jantz, Eric Forney, John D. Kelly and Kevin Busscher. NR 69 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 63 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JUL PY 2013 VL 119 IS 1 SI SI BP 131 EP 145 DI 10.1007/s10584-012-0598-y PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 185GC UT WOS:000321953700011 ER PT J AU Salinger, MJ Bell, JD Evans, K Hobday, AJ Allain, V Brander, K Dexter, P Harrison, DE Hollowed, AB Lee, B Stefanski, R AF Salinger, M. J. Bell, J. D. Evans, K. Hobday, A. J. Allain, V. Brander, K. Dexter, P. Harrison, D. E. Hollowed, A. B. Lee, B. Stefanski, R. TI Climate and oceanic fisheries: recent observations and projections and future needs SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; PACIFIC; ECOSYSTEMS; MARINE; WATER; FISH; SHIFTS AB Several lines of evidence show that climatic variation and global warming can have a major effect on fisheries production and replenishment. To prevent overfishing and rebuild overfished stocks under changing and uncertain environmental conditions, new research partnerships between fisheries scientists and climate change experts are required. The International Workshop on Climate and Oceanic Fisheries held in Rarotonga, Cook Islands, 3-5 October 2011, brought representatives from these disciplines together to consider the effects of climate variability and change on oceanic fisheries, the tools and strategies required for identifying potential impacts on oceanic fisheries, and the priority adaptations for sustaining future harvests, especially in the Pacific Ocean. Recommendations made by the workshop included (1) development and implementation of sustainable management measures for fisheries; (2) long-term commitment to monitoring necessary to assess stock status and to conduct integrated ecosystem assessments; (3) process oriented research to evaluate the potential of marine species for adaptation to a changing ocean environment; (4) provision of improved national meteorological and hydrological services to fisheries agencies, enterprises and communities; (5) continuing communication of potential impacts and adaptation strategies to stakeholders to reduce the threats to oceanic fisheries and capitalise on opportunities; and (6) continued collaborative efforts between meteorological, oceanographic, biological and fisheries researchers and management agencies to better monitor and understand the impacts of short-term variability and longer-term change on oceanic fisheries. C1 [Salinger, M. J.] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bell, J. D.; Allain, V.] Secretariat Pacific Community, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia. [Evans, K.; Hobday, A. J.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Wealth Oceans & Climate Adaptat Flagships, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Brander, K.] Tech Univ Denmark, Danish Inst Aquat Resources, Danish Tech Univ, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark. [Dexter, P.] Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Harrison, D. E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hollowed, A. B.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lee, B.; Stefanski, R.] World Meteorol Org, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP Salinger, MJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM salinger@orcon.net.nz RI Evans, Karen/D-7110-2012; Hobday, Alistair/A-1460-2012; Harrison, Don/D-9582-2013 OI Hobday, Alistair/0000-0002-3194-8326; FU World Meteorological Organisation (WM); Asia-Pacific Network (APN); Government of the Cook Islands; NOAA; University of Auckland; Australian Government (through CSIRO); Australian Government (through the Bureau of Meteorology); Australian Government (through AusAID); Government of New Caledonia; Secretariat of the Pacific Community FX The workshop in the Cook Islands was sponsored by the World Meteorological Organisation (WM), the Asia-Pacific Network (APN), the Government of the Cook Islands, NOAA, the University of Auckland, the Australian Government (through CSIRO, the Bureau of Meteorology and AusAID), the Government of New Caledonia and the Secretariat of the Pacific Community. Issues discussed in this paper are motivated in part by the CLIOTOP program. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 88 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JUL PY 2013 VL 119 IS 1 SI SI BP 213 EP 221 DI 10.1007/s10584-012-0652-9 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 185GC UT WOS:000321953700016 ER PT J AU Garvin, MR Kondzela, CM Martin, PC Finney, B Guyon, J Templin, WD DeCovich, N Gilk-Baumer, S Gharrett, AJ AF Garvin, Michael R. Kondzela, Christine M. Martin, Patrick C. Finney, Bruce Guyon, Jeffrey Templin, William D. DeCovich, Nick Gilk-Baumer, Sara Gharrett, Anthony J. TI Recent physical connections may explain weak genetic structure in western Alaskan chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) populations SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Chum salmon; isolation-by-distance; landscape genetics; microsatellite; population genetics; SNP ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; HOLOCENE GLACIER FLUCTUATIONS; PACIFIC RIM; CHINOOK SALMON; BERING-SEA; F-STATISTICS; CHUKCHI SEA; LEVEL; NORTHERN; OCEAN AB Low genetic divergence at neutral loci among populations is often the result of high levels of contemporary gene flow. Western Alaskan summer-run chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) populations demonstrate weak genetic structure, but invoking contemporary gene flow as the basis for the low divergence is problematic because salmon home to their natal streams and some of the populations are thousands of kilometers apart. We used genotypes from microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism loci to investigate alternative explanations for the current genetic structure of chum salmon populations from western Alaska. We also estimated current levels of gene flow among Kuskokwim River populations. Our results suggest that weak genetic structure is best explained by physical connections that occurred after the Holocene Thermal Maximum among the Yukon, Kuskokwim, and Nushagak drainages that allowed gene flow to occur among now distant populations. C1 [Garvin, Michael R.; Gharrett, Anthony J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Kondzela, Christine M.; Guyon, Jeffrey] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Martin, Patrick C.] Concerned Area M Fishermen, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Finney, Bruce] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Finney, Bruce] Idaho State Univ, Dept Geosci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Templin, William D.; DeCovich, Nick; Gilk-Baumer, Sara] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Garvin, MR (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM mrgarvin@alaska.edu FU Rasmuson Foundation; University of Alaska Experimental Program; U. S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Alaska Fisheries Science Center; Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative; HPC resources from the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center; University of Alaska Fairbanks; School of Fisheries; Ocean Sciences FX We would like to thank the Rasmuson Foundation, the University of Alaska Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research, the U. S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Alaska Fisheries Science Center, and the Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative for funding this work. This work was also supported by a grant of the HPC resources from the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center. The findings and conclusions presented by the authors, however, are their own and do not necessarily reflect the views or positions of the funding agencies, or the University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences. NR 72 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 3 IS 7 BP 2362 EP 2377 DI 10.1002/ece3.628 PG 16 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 185WY UT WOS:000322002400045 PM 23919176 ER PT J AU Van Noord, JE Olson, RJ Redfern, JV Kaufmann, RS AF Van Noord, Joel E. Olson, Robert J. Redfern, Jessica V. Kaufmann, Ronald S. TI Diet and prey selectivity in three surface-migrating myctophids in the eastern tropical Pacific SO ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Myctophids; Diet; Selectivity; Eastern tropical Pacific ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; FISHES FAMILY MYCTOPHIDAE; KUROSHIO REGION; ZOOPLANKTON; PREDATION; MODELS; OCEAN AB To test feeding selectivity, the diets of three surface-migrating myctophids [Myctophum nitidulum (n = 299), Symbolophorus reversus (n = 199), and Gonichthys tenuiculus (n = 82)] were compared to zooplankton prey collections at 32 stations in the eastern Pacific Ocean, August-November 2006. Myctophum nitidulum fed predominately on copepods (42.7 % by number) and ostracods (41.5 %), selected amphipods (p = 0.002) and ostracods (p = 0.014), and avoided copepods (p < 0.001). Symbolophorus reversus fed on copepods (32.5 % by number) and euphausiids (29.6 %) and selected euphausiids (p = 0.002) and amphipods (p = 0.008). Gonichthys tenuiculus fed on ostracods (34.6 %) and amphipods (27.3 %), but showed no significant selectivity. C1 [Van Noord, Joel E.; Kaufmann, Ronald S.] Univ San Diego, Marine Sci & Environm Studies Dept, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. [Olson, Robert J.] Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Redfern, Jessica V.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Van Noord, JE (reprint author), Calif Wetfish Producers Assoc, POB 1951, Buellton, CA 93427 USA. EM joel.van.noord@gmail.com FU University of San Diego; Stephen Sullivan Memorial Scholarship FX This research was partially funded by the University of San Diego and a Stephen Sullivan Memorial Scholarship. We thank the many scientists at NOAA's SWSFC who made these samples available, particularly: L. Ballance, P. Fiedler, C. Hall, R. Pitman, and G. Watters. Thanks to W. Walker for identifying myctophids. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1341-8998 J9 ICHTHYOL RES JI Ichthyol. Res. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 60 IS 3 BP 287 EP 290 DI 10.1007/s10228-013-0350-2 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 186BQ UT WOS:000322016900015 ER PT J AU Sanchez, LM Potrepka, DM Fox, GR Takeuchi, I Wang, K Bendersky, LA Polcawich, RG AF Sanchez, Luz M. Potrepka, Daniel M. Fox, Glen R. Takeuchi, Ichiro Wang, Ke Bendersky, Leonid A. Polcawich, Ronald G. TI Optimization of PbTiO3 seed layers and Pt metallization for PZT-based piezoMEMS actuators SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; FERROELECTRIC PROPERTIES; MEMS; PB(ZR,TI)O-3; CRYSTALLIZATION; COMPOSITES; PB; SI AB This work attempts to optimize past research results on lead zirconate titanate (PZT) using the fabrication processes at the U. S. Army Research Laboratory so as to achieve a high degree of {001} texture and improved piezoelectric properties. A comparative study was performed between Ti/Pt and TiO2/Pt bottom electrodes. The results indicate that the use of a highly oriented {100} rutile phase TiO2 led to highly textured {111} Pt which in turn improved both the PTO and PZT orientations. PZT (52/48) and (45/55) thin films with and without PTO seed layers were deposited and examined via x-ray diffraction (XRD) methods as a function of annealing temperature. The seed layer provides significant improvement in the {100} orientation generally, and in the {001} subset of planes specifically, while suppressing the {111} orientation of the PZT. Improvements in the Lotgering factor (f) were observed from an existing Ti/Pt/PZT process (f = 0.66) to samples using the PTO seed layer deposited onto the improved Pt electrodes, TiO2/Pt/PTO/PZT (f = 0.96). C1 [Sanchez, Luz M.; Potrepka, Daniel M.; Polcawich, Ronald G.] US Army Res Lab, RF MEMS & Mm Scale Robot, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Sanchez, Luz M.; Takeuchi, Ichiro] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fox, Glen R.] Fox Mat Consulting LLC, Colorado Springs, CO 80908 USA. [Wang, Ke; Bendersky, Leonid A.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20886 USA. RP Sanchez, LM (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, RF MEMS & Mm Scale Robot, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM Luz.Sanchez1@us.army.mil OI Potrepka, Daniel/0000-0002-0528-1038 NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 26 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 28 IS 14 BP 1920 EP 1931 DI 10.1557/jmr.2013.172 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 186DB UT WOS:000322021100006 ER PT J AU Donat, M Alexander, L Yang, H Durre, I Vose, R Caesar, J AF Donat, M. G. Alexander, L. V. Yang, H. Durre, I. Vose, R. Caesar, J. TI Global Land-Based Datasets for Monitoring Climatic Extremes SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURES C1 [Donat, M. G.; Alexander, L. V.; Yang, H.] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Donat, M. G.; Alexander, L. V.; Yang, H.] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Durre, I.; Vose, R.] NOAAs Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Caesar, J.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Donat, M (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. EM m.donat@unsw.edu.au RI Caesar, John/D-1403-2015; Donat, Markus/J-8331-2012; Alexander, Lisa/A-8477-2011 OI Caesar, John/0000-0003-1094-9618; Donat, Markus/0000-0002-0608-7288; Alexander, Lisa/0000-0002-5635-2457 FU Australian Research Council [LP100200690]; Climate Observations Division of the NOAA Climate Program Office; Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101] FX This work is supported by Australian Research Council grant LP100200690. The project was also supported with funding from the Climate Observations Division of the NOAA Climate Program Office; JC was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). We are grateful to three anonymous reviewers whose constructive comments helped to improve the manuscript. NR 11 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 94 IS 7 BP 997 EP 1006 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00109.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 188LU UT WOS:000322195300003 ER PT J AU William, PI O'Sullivan, JM AF Mahoney, William P., III O'Sullivan, James M. TI Realizing the Potential of Vehicle-Based Observations SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The potential availability of millions of surface observations from passenger vehicles and fleets represents a potentially significant opportunity for the weather community. The success of this opportunity rests with the weather community's technical understanding and eventual adoption of these unique datasets and their level of participation in connected vehicle initiatives within the transportation community. All sectors of the weather enterprise (e.g., public, private, and academic) must become involved to help define, shape, and support the effort to realize a distinct and positive outcome on the weather and transportation communities. For this reason, the American Meteorological Society (AMS) Board on Enterprise Planning (BEP), under the Commission on the Weather and Climate Enterprise (CWCE), established an Annual Partnership Topic (APT) Committee in 2009 focused on mobile observations and their potential for use by the weather and transportation communities. The primary finding of the committee is that high-quality weather information about the roadway environment, including both current observations and forecasts, communicated in a timely and effective manner will help drivers make better and safer decisions regarding travel plans and react properly when faced with potentially compromised conditions; however, there are several technical, financial, societal, and institutional barriers that must be overcome before the full potential of mobile observations can be realized. This paper discusses several key issues important in advancing this concept, including potential benefits, barriers to acceptance, research needs, data quality and metadata, and business models. C1 [Mahoney, William P., III] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [O'Sullivan, James M.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP William, PI (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM mahoney@ucar.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 94 IS 7 BP 1007 EP 1018 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00044.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 188LU UT WOS:000322195300004 ER PT J AU Hillger, D Kopp, T Lee, T Lindsey, D Seaman, C Miller, S Solbrig, J Kidder, S Bachmeier, S Jasmin, T Rink, T AF Hillger, Donald Kopp, Thomas Lee, Thomas Lindsey, Daniel Seaman, Curtis Miller, Steven Solbrig, Jeremy Kidder, Stanley Bachmeier, Scott Jasmin, Tommy Rink, Tom TI First-Light Imagery from Suomi NPP VIIRS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite was launched on 28 October 2011, heralding the next generation of operational U.S. polar-orbiting satellites. It carries the Visible- Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), a 22-band visible/infrared sensor that combines many of the best aspects of the NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors. VIIRS has nearly all the capabilities of MODIS, but offers a wider swath width (3,000 versus 2,330 km) and much higher spatial resolution at swath edge. VIIRS also has a day/night band (DNB) that is sensitive to very low levels of visible light at night such as those produced by moonlight reflecting off low clouds, fog, dust, ash plumes, and snow cover. In addition, VIIRS detects light emissions from cities, ships, oil flares, and lightning flashes. NPP crosses the equator at about 0130 and 1330 local time, with VIIRS covering the entire Earth twice daily. Future members of the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) constellation will also carry VIIRS. This paper presents dramatic early examples of multispectral VIIRS imagery capabilities and demonstrates basic applications of that imagery for a wide range of operational users, such as for fire detection, monitoring ice break up in rivers, and visualizing dust plumes over bright surfaces. VIIRS imagery, both single and multiband, as well as the day/night band, is shown to exceed both requirements and expectations. C1 [Hillger, Donald; Lindsey, Daniel] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Kopp, Thomas] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Lee, Thomas; Solbrig, Jeremy] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Seaman, Curtis; Miller, Steven; Kidder, Stanley] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bachmeier, Scott; Jasmin, Tommy; Rink, Tom] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. RP Hillger, D (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NOAA, NESDIS, STAR RAMMB CIRA 1375, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM don.hillger@NOAA.gov RI Hillger, Donald/F-5592-2010; Lindsey, David/E-3517-2011; Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010 OI Hillger, Donald/0000-0001-7297-2640; Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683 FU JPSS Program Office; NOAA/NESDIS/STAR FX The authors would like to thank the following additional members of the STAR Imagery and Visualization Team (http://rammb.cira.colostate.edu/projects/npp/) for their contributions: Tim Schmit (GOES imagery liaison), Debra Molenar, Steve Finley, Chris Elvidge, Jeff Hawkins, Kim Richardson, Jeff Cetola, Keith Hutchinson, Steve Mills, and Calvin Liang. Funding for this work was provided by the JPSS Program Office and NOAA/NESDIS/STAR. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this article are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 12 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 38 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 94 IS 7 BP 1019 EP 1029 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00097.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 188LU UT WOS:000322195300005 ER PT J AU Stubenrauch, CJ Rossow, WB Kinne, S Ackerman, S Cesana, G Chepfer, H Di Girolamo, L Getzewich, B Guignard, A Heidinger, A Maddux, BC Menzel, WP Minnis, P Pearl, C Platnick, S Poulsen, C Riedi, J Sun-Mack, S Walther, A Winker, D Zeng, S Zhao, G AF Stubenrauch, C. J. Rossow, W. B. Kinne, S. Ackerman, S. Cesana, G. Chepfer, H. Di Girolamo, L. Getzewich, B. Guignard, A. Heidinger, A. Maddux, B. C. Menzel, W. P. Minnis, P. Pearl, C. Platnick, S. Poulsen, C. Riedi, J. Sun-Mack, S. Walther, A. Winker, D. Zeng, S. Zhao, G. TI Assessment of Global Cloud Datasets from Satellites: Project and Database Initiated by the GEWEX Radiation Panel SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; IMAGERS ISCCP; LEVEL CLOUDS; SOUNDERS 3I; WATER PATH; A-TRAIN; PART I; MODIS; CIRRUS AB Clouds cover about 70% of Earth's surface and play a dominant role in the energy and water cycle of our planet. Only satellite observations provide a continuous survey of the state of the atmosphere over the entire globe and across the wide range of spatial and temporal scales that compose weather and climate variability. Satellite cloud data records now exceed more than 25 years; however, climate data records must be compiled from different satellite datasets and can exhibit systematic biases. Questions therefore arise as to the accuracy and limitations of the various sensors and retrieval methods. The Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Cloud Assessment, initiated in 2005 by the GEWEX Radiation Panel (GEWEX Data and Assessment Panel since 2011), provides the first coordinated intercomparison of publicly available, standard global cloud products (gridded monthly statistics) retrieved from measurements of multispectral imagers (some with multiangle view and polarization capabilities), IR sounders, and lidar. Cloud properties under study include cloud amount, cloud height (in terms of pressure, temperature, or altitude), cloud thermodynamic phase, and cloud radiative and bulk microphysical properties (optical depth or emissivity, effective particle radius, and water path). Differences in average cloud properties, especially in the amount of high-level clouds, are mostly explained by the inherent instrument measurement capability for detecting and/or identifying optically thin cirrus, especially when overlying low-level clouds. The study of long-term variations with these datasets requires consideration of many factors. The monthly gridded database presented here facilitates further assessments, climate studies, and the evaluation of climate models. C1 [Stubenrauch, C. J.; Chepfer, H.; Guignard, A.] Ecole Polytech, Lab Meteorol Dynam, UPMC, CNRS,IPSL, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Rossow, W. B.; Pearl, C.] CUNY, CREST Inst, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Kinne, S.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Ackerman, S.; Maddux, B. C.; Menzel, W. P.; Walther, A.] Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI USA. [Di Girolamo, L.; Zhao, G.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL USA. [Getzewich, B.; Sun-Mack, S.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Heidinger, A.] STAR, NESDIS, NOAA, Madison, WI USA. [Minnis, P.; Winker, D.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Platnick, S.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Poulsen, C.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Chilton, England. [Riedi, J.; Zeng, S.] Inst Pasteur, Ctr Immunol & Biol Parasitaire, CNRS, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59019 Lille, France. RP Stubenrauch, CJ (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, Lab Meteorol Dynam, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. EM stubenrauch@lmd.polytechnique.fr RI Zeng, Shan/C-1520-2014; Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011; Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010; Rossow, William/F-3138-2015; Ackerman, Steven/G-1640-2011; Minnis, Patrick/G-1902-2010 OI Zeng, Shan/0000-0002-3540-1811; Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201; Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X; Ackerman, Steven/0000-0002-4476-0269; Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148 NR 63 TC 99 Z9 102 U1 3 U2 57 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 94 IS 7 BP 1031 EP 1049 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00117.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 188LU UT WOS:000322195300006 ER PT J AU Bowman, KP Lin, JC Stohl, A Draxler, R Konopka, P Andrews, A Brunner, D AF Bowman, Kenneth P. Lin, John C. Stohl, Andreas Draxler, Roland Konopka, Paul Andrews, Arlyn Brunner, Dominik TI Input Data Requirements Lagrangian Trajectory Models SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; TECHNICAL NOTE; POLAR VORTEX; STILT MODEL; TRANSPORT; DISPERSION; RESOLUTION; ACCURACY; SYSTEM; CONSERVATION AB In October 2011 an American Geophysical Union Chapman Conference was held in Grindelwald, Switzerland, titled Advances in Lagrangian Modeling of the Atmosphere. Lagrangian models are being applied to a wide range of high-impact atmospheric phenomena, such as the transport of volcanic ash and dispersion of radioactive releases. One common theme that arose during the meeting is the need for improved access to the output products of forecast models and reanalysis systems, which are used as in-puts to trajectory and dispersion models. The steady increases in horizontal and vertical resolution in forecast models and data assimilation systems have not been accompanied by changes in model output products, such as higher-frequency winds and the provision of important auxiliary parameters (e.g., heating rates and subgrid-scale mixing properties). This paper discusses the principles of Lagrangian kinematic models and recommends changes in model output practices that would lead directly to significant improvements in the accuracy of trajectory and dispersion calculations. C1 [Bowman, Kenneth P.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Lin, John C.] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Stohl, Andreas] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Draxler, Roland] NOAA Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. [Konopka, Paul] Forschungszentrum Julich, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Andrews, Arlyn] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Brunner, Dominik] Empa, Lab Air Pollut & Environm Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. RP Bowman, KP (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 3150 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM k-bowman@tamu.edu RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Brunner, Dominik/A-1255-2009; Bowman, Kenneth/A-1345-2012; Konopka, Paul/A-7329-2013 OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Brunner, Dominik/0000-0002-4007-6902; Bowman, Kenneth/0000-0002-2667-8632; NR 57 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 94 IS 7 BP 1051 EP 1058 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00076.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 188LU UT WOS:000322195300007 ER PT J AU Vesper, HW Botelho, JC Tai, SSC Van Uytfanghe, K Thienpont, LM AF Vesper, Hubert W. Botelho, Julianne Cook Tai, Susan S. -C. Van Uytfanghe, Katleen Thienpont, Linda M. TI Isotopic Abundance Yields Bias in the Assessment of Testosterone in a New Reference Method Procedure Reply SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN SERUM C1 [Vesper, Hubert W.; Botelho, Julianne Cook] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Tai, Susan S. -C.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Van Uytfanghe, Katleen; Thienpont, Linda M.] Univ Ghent, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Analyt Chem Lab, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Vesper, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hvesper@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 59 IS 7 BP 1130 EP 1131 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2013.205856 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 179VK UT WOS:000321549400023 PM 23971088 ER PT J AU Rohde, G Rohwer, T Sohrt, C Stange, A Hellmann, S Yang, LX Hanff, K Carr, A Murnane, MM Kapteyn, H Kipp, L Rossnagel, K Bauer, M AF Rohde, G. Rohwer, T. Sohrt, C. Stange, A. Hellmann, S. Yang, L. X. Hanff, K. Carr, A. Murnane, M. M. Kapteyn, H. Kipp, L. Rossnagel, K. Bauer, M. TI Tracking the relaxation pathway of photo-excited electrons in 1T-TiSe2 SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Article ID RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; FEMTOSECOND; SURFACE; SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS; THERMALIZATION; NANOPARTICLES; GENERATION; METALS; PULSES AB The ultrafast dynamics of excited electrons in 1T-TiSe2 after absorption of a 390 nm light pulse is probed by time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy using femtosecond XUV pulses. It is demonstrated that the experimental approach can provide a comprehensive view of hot carrier motion in momentum space during relaxation back to equilibrium. This capability opens a new avenue in the investigation of energy dissipation processes in solids after intense optical excitation. C1 [Rohde, G.; Rohwer, T.; Sohrt, C.; Stange, A.; Hellmann, S.; Yang, L. X.; Hanff, K.; Kipp, L.; Rossnagel, K.; Bauer, M.] Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Appl Phys, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. [Carr, A.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Carr, A.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Rohde, G (reprint author), Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Appl Phys, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. EM rohde@physik.uni-kiel.de RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; Rossnagel, Kai/F-8822-2011; Yang, lexian /G-1123-2016; Bauer, Michael/G-5111-2016 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; Rossnagel, Kai/0000-0001-5107-0090; Bauer, Michael/0000-0002-4391-9899 FU German Science Foundation (DFG) [BA 2177/9-1] FX This work was funded by the German Science Foundation (DFG) through grant BA 2177/9-1. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 38 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1951-6355 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 222 IS 5 BP 997 EP 1004 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2013-01901-5 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 184SV UT WOS:000321914700002 ER PT J AU Melnikov, VM Doviak, RJ Zrnic, DS Stensrud, DJ AF Melnikov, Valery M. Doviak, Richard J. Zrnic, Dusan S. Stensrud, David J. TI Structures of Bragg Scatter Observed with the Polarimetric WSR-88D SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Radars; Radar observations; Remote sensing; Wind profilers ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLEAR-AIR; ENSEMBLE FORECASTS; WIND PROFILER; RADAR; TURBULENCE; BIRDS AB Enhancements to signal processing and data collection in the dual-polarization Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) to increase its detection capability yield observations of fine structures from Bragg scatterers. Several types of the fine structures observed in and above the boundary layer are discussed. These Bragg scatter structures include the top of the convective boundary layer, nonprecipitating clouds, strong convective plumes above the boundary layer, and a layer of weak reflections associated with decaying boundary layer turbulence. A conclusion that data from polarimetric WSR-88Ds can be used to obtain the depth of the convective boundary layer is made. C1 [Melnikov, Valery M.] Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Melnikov, Valery M.; Doviak, Richard J.; Zrnic, Dusan S.; Stensrud, David J.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Melnikov, VM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, 120 David Boren Blvd,Room 4919, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM valery.melnikov@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Office of Oceanic; Atmospheric Research; U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1227] FX The authors thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive and helpful comments, which improved the presentation. Funding for this study was provided by NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227 U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1253 EP 1258 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00210.1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 187NP UT WOS:000322126100001 ER PT J AU Arguez, A Applequist, S AF Arguez, Anthony Applequist, Scott TI A Harmonic Approach for Calculating Daily Temperature Normals Constrained by Homogenized Monthly Temperature Normals SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Climatology; Filtering techniques; Interpolation schemes; Optimization; Regression analysis; Statistical techniques ID TIME-SERIES AB NOAA released the new 1981-2010 climate normals in July 2011. These included monthly and daily normals of minimum and maximum temperature. Monthly normals were computed from monthly temperature values that were corrected for biases (i.e., homogenized) due to changes in observing practices over the course of the normals period (station moves, changes in observation time, and changes in instrumentation). Daily temperature observations, however, are not homogenized, which could lead to inconsistencies between the daily and monthly normals. This study offers a constrained harmonic technique that forces the daily temperature normals to be consistent with the monthly temperature normals. This approach replaces the cubic spline interpolation of monthly temperature normals that was used to compute earlier versions of NOAA's daily temperature normals. It effectively passes the homogenization applied at the monthly scale down to the daily scale, resulting in a smooth annual cycle devoid of day-to-day sampling variability and intermonth discontinuities. C1 [Arguez, Anthony; Applequist, Scott] NOAA NCDC, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Arguez, A (reprint author), NOAA NCDC, Room 506,151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM anthony.arguez@noaa.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1259 EP 1265 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00195.1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 187NP UT WOS:000322126100002 ER PT J AU Sakai, T Whiteman, DN Russo, F Turner, DD Veselovskii, I Melfi, SH Nagai, T Mano, Y AF Sakai, Tetsu Whiteman, David N. Russo, Felicita Turner, David D. Veselovskii, Igor Melfi, S. Harvey Nagai, Tomohiro Mano, Yuzo TI Liquid Water Cloud Measurements Using the Raman Lidar Technique: Current Understanding and Future Research Needs SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cloud retrieval; Lidars; Lidar observations ID EMITTED RADIANCE INTERFEROMETER; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; VAPOR MIXING-RATIO; CROSS-SECTIONS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; FLUORESCENCE; SCATTERING; BACKSCATTER; PERFORMANCE; TROPOSPHERE AB This paper describes recent work in the Raman lidar liquid water cloud measurement technique. The range-resolved spectral measurements at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center indicate that the Raman backscattering spectra measured in and below low clouds agree well with theoretical spectra for vapor and liquid water. The calibration coefficients of the liquid water measurement for the Raman lidar at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Southern Great Plains site of the U.S. Department of Energy were determined by comparison with the liquid water path (LWP) obtained with Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) and the liquid water content (LWC) obtained with the millimeter wavelength cloud radar and water vapor radiometer (MMCR-WVR) together. These comparisons were used to estimate the Raman liquid water cross-sectional value. The results indicate a bias consistent with an effective liquid water Raman cross-sectional value that is 28%-46% lower than published, which may be explained by the fact that the difference in the detectors' sensitivity has not been accounted for. The LWP of a thin altostratus cloud showed good qualitative agreement between lidar retrievals and AERI. However, the overall ensemble of comparisons of LWP showed considerable scatter, possibly because of the different fields of view of the instruments, the 350-m distance between the instruments, and the horizontal inhomogeneity of the clouds. The LWC profiles for a thick stratus cloud showed agreement between lidar retrievals and MMCR-WVR between the cloud base and 150 m above that where the optical depth was less than 3. Areas requiring further research in this technique are discussed. C1 [Sakai, Tetsu; Nagai, Tomohiro; Mano, Yuzo] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Whiteman, David N.; Melfi, S. Harvey] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Russo, Felicita] Italian Natl Agcy New Technol, Bologna, Italy. [Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Veselovskii, Igor] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Gen Phys, Phys Instrumentat Ctr, Moscow, Russia. RP Sakai, T (reprint author), Meteorol Res Inst, 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. EM tetsu@mri-jma.go.jp FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) FX This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1337 EP 1353 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00099.1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 187NP UT WOS:000322126100006 ER PT J AU Wang, YD Zhang, J Ryzhkov, AV Tang, L AF Wang, Yadong Zhang, Jian Ryzhkov, Alexander V. Tang, Lin TI C-Band Polarimetric Radar QPE Based on Specific Differential Propagation Phase for Extreme Typhoon Rainfall SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrometeorology; Data quality control; Radars; Radar observations; Orographic effects ID RAINDROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION; 5-CM WAVELENGTH; X-BAND; REFLECTIVITY; DISDROMETER; ATTENUATION; WSR-88D; SHIFT AB To obtain accurate radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) for extreme rainfall events such as land-falling typhoon systems in complex terrain, a new method was developed for C-band polarimetric radars. The new methodology includes a correction method based on vertical profiles of the specific differential propagation phase (VPSDP) for low-level blockage and an optimal relation between rainfall rate () and the specific differential phase (). In the VPSDP-based correction approach, a screening process is applied to fields, where missing or unreliable data from lower tilts caused by severe beam blockage are replaced with data from upper and unblocked tilts. The data from upper tilts are adjusted to account for variations in the vertical profile of . The corrected field is then used for rain-rate estimations. To acquire an accurate QPE result, a new relation for C-band polarimetric radars was derived through simulations using drop size distribution (DSD) and drop shape relation (DSR) observations from typhoon systems in Taiwan. The VPSDP-based correction method with the new relation was evaluated using the typhoon cases of Morakot (2009) and Fanapi (2010). C1 [Wang, Yadong; Ryzhkov, Alexander V.; Tang, Lin] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Zhang, Jian] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Wang, YD (reprint author), CIMMS, 120 David Boren Dr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM yadong.wang@noaa.gov FU Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan FX This research is supported by funding from the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan and was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. Authors would like to thank Dr. Pao-Liang Chang, Ms. Carrie Langston, and Dr. Brian Kaney for their help in assembling data and generating many images used in the paper. Dr. Pengfei Zhang provided many helpful comments that greatly improved the manuscript for which the authors are very grateful. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1354 EP 1370 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00083.1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 187NP UT WOS:000322126100007 ER PT J AU Foltz, GR Evan, AT Freitag, HP Brown, S McPhaden, MJ AF Foltz, Gregory R. Evan, Amato T. Freitag, H. Paul Brown, Sonya McPhaden, Michael J. TI Dust Accumulation Biases in PIRATA Shortwave Radiation Records SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aerosols; Shortwave radiation; Buoy observations; Climate records; Data quality control; In situ atmospheric observations ID ATLANTIC-OCEAN; SUBDUCTION EXPERIMENT; NORTH-ATLANTIC; TRANSFER MODEL; SURFACE; ALGORITHM; PRODUCTS; FLUXES; DISTRIBUTIONS; AEROSOLS AB Long-term and direct measurements of surface shortwave radiation (SWR) have been recorded by the Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA) since 1997. Previous studies have shown that African dust, transported westward from the Sahara and Sahel regions, can accumulate on mooring SWR sensors in the high-dust region of the North Atlantic (8 degrees-25 degrees N, 20 degrees-50 degrees W), potentially leading to significant negative SWR biases. Here dust-accumulation biases are quantified for each PIRATA mooring using direct measurements from the moorings, combined with satellite and reanalysis datasets and statistical models. The SWR records from five locations in the high-dust region (8 degrees, 12 degrees, and 15 degrees N along 38 degrees W; 12 degrees and 21 degrees N along 23 degrees W) are found to contain monthly-mean accumulation biases as large as -200 W m(-2) and record-length mean biases on the order of -10 W m(-2). The other 12 moorings, located mainly between 10 degrees S and 4 degrees N, are in regions of lower atmospheric dust concentration and do not show statistically significant biases. Seasonal-to-interannual variability of the accumulation bias is found at all locations in the high-dust region. The moorings along 38 degrees W also show decreasing trends in the bias magnitude since 1998 that are possibly related to a corresponding negative trend in atmospheric dust concentration. The dust-accumulation biases described here will be useful for interpreting SWR data from PIRATA moorings in the high-dust region. The biases are also potentially useful for quantifying dust deposition rates in the tropical North Atlantic, which at present are poorly constrained by satellite data and numerical models. C1 [Foltz, Gregory R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Evan, Amato T.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Freitag, H. Paul; McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Brown, Sonya] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Foltz, GR (reprint author), NOAA, Phys Oceanog Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM gregory.foltz@noaa.gov RI Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X; FU NOAA/CPO [NA10OAR4310136]; NOAA/AOML; NOAA/PMEL; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA17RJ1232, NA10OAR4320148] FX The authors thank Rick Lumpkin, Renellys Perez, and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions. Funding was provided by NOAA/CPO Grant NA10OAR4310136 and base funds from NOAA/AOML and NOAA/PMEL. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreements NA17RJ1232 and NA10OAR4320148. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1414 EP 1432 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00169.1 PG 19 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 187NP UT WOS:000322126100011 ER PT J AU Wagner, TJ Turner, DD Berg, LK Krueger, SK AF Wagner, Timothy J. Turner, David D. Berg, Larry K. Krueger, Steven K. TI Ground-Based Remote Retrievals of Cumulus Entrainment Rates SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Entrainment; Cumulus clouds; Algorithms; Cloud retrieval; Remote sensing ID EMITTED RADIANCE INTERFEROMETER; CLOUD-TOP HEIGHT; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; WATER-VAPOR; CLIMATE RESEARCH; PART I; AERI; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; CONVECTION AB While fractional entrainment rates for cumulus clouds have typically been derived from airborne observations, this limits the size and scope of available datasets. To increase the number of continental cumulus entrainment rate observations available for study, an algorithm for retrieving them from ground-based remote sensing observations has been developed. This algorithm, called the Entrainment Rate In Cumulus Algorithm (ERICA), uses the suite of instruments at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) site of the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) Climate Research Facility as inputs into a Gauss-Newton optimal estimation scheme, in which an assumed guess of the entrainment rate is iteratively adjusted through intercomparison of modeled cloud attributes to their observed counterparts. The forward model in this algorithm is the explicit mixing parcel model (EMPM), a cloud parcel model that treats entrainment as a series of discrete entrainment events. A quantified value for the uncertainty in the retrieved entrainment rate is also returned as part of the retrieval. Sensitivity testing and information content analysis demonstrate the robust nature of this method for retrieving accurate observations of the entrainment rate without the drawbacks of airborne sampling. Results from a test of ERICA on 3 months of shallow cumulus cloud events show significant variability of the entrainment rate of clouds in a single day and from one day to the next. The mean value of 1.06 km(-1) for the entrainment rate in this dataset corresponds well with prior observations and simulations of the entrainment rate in cumulus clouds. C1 [Wagner, Timothy J.] Creighton Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Omaha, NE 68131 USA. [Turner, David D.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Berg, Larry K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Krueger, Steven K.] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Wagner, TJ (reprint author), Creighton Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 2500 Calif Plaza, Omaha, NE 68131 USA. EM timothywagner@creighton.edu RI Berg, Larry/A-7468-2016 OI Berg, Larry/0000-0002-3362-9492 FU U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Systems Research (ASR) program [DE-FG02-08ER64538]; Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences division FX This research was supported by Grant DE-FG02-08ER64538 from the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Systems Research (ASR) program, which is sponsored by the Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences division. Data were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM). The authors wish to extend their thanks to the anonymous reviewers, who improved the readability of this paper. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1460 EP 1471 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00187.1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 187NP UT WOS:000322126100014 ER PT J AU Dusek, G Seim, H AF Dusek, G. Seim, H. TI A Probabilistic Rip Current Forecast Model SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Beach; lifeguards; rescues; Outer Banks; natural hazards ID CURRENT SYSTEM; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; NEARSHORE; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; MORPHOLOGY; SANDBARS; CHANNEL; BEACH; BAR AB A probabilistic rip current forecast model is created using a logistic regression formulation. Given input variables of nearshore significant wave height, vector mean wave direction, tidal elevation, and whether the forecast occurs in a 72-hour postwave event window, the probabilistic model predicts the likelihood of hazardous rip current occurrence. The model is trained using rip current observations made by lifeguards at Kill Devil Hills (KDH), North Carolina, in 2008-2009. Validation uses a hindcast at KDH over the summers of 2001-2007 and is compared with a hindcast of the National Weather Service (NWS) rip current model presently used at KDH. Using rip current rescues to indicate hazardous rip current occurrence, the probabilistic model has a Brier Score of 0.15 (0 is perfect prediction), compared with a minimum Brier Score of 0.45 for the NWS model, and represents a 67% or better improvement in prediction Utilizing deepwater wave observations, instead of those collected nearshore, decreases model improvement by roughly half. The probabilistic model also outperforms the NWS model during high rescue instances, particularly on days with large tidal ranges. Functional improvements of the probabilistic model include the output of a true probabilistic forecast compared with a categorical forecast (low-medium-high) and the inclusion of only physically and statistically significant predictors. C1 [Dusek, G.; Seim, H.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Dusek, G (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Washington, DC USA. EM gregory.dusek@noaa.gov FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers [W912BU-9-P-0236]; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Field Research Facility, Kill Devil Hills Ocean Rescue; University of North Carolina Coastal Studies Institute; University of North Carolina (UNC) Graduate School Dissertation Completion Fellowship; NOAA-Integrated Ocean Observing System program [NA07NOS4730212]; U.S. Department of Homeland Security [2008-ST-061-ND0001] FX Assistance with the logistic regression formulation was provided by Su Zhang and Dr. J.S. Marron of UNC Chapel Hill. Special thanks to Scott Kennedy of the NWS Morehead City WFO for his assistance with the NWS forecast model. Tidal elevation data and predictions were provided by NOAA CO-OPS. Swath bathymetry and additional survey data were provided by the Field Research Facility, Field Data Collections and Analysis Branch, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Duck, North Carolina. Field work was supported by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers grant W912BU-9-P-0236. Additionally, the field work performed for this research could not have been possible without support from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Field Research Facility, Kill Devil Hills Ocean Rescue, and the University of North Carolina Coastal Studies Institute. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive feedback and recommendations. G. Dusek was supported by the University of North Carolina (UNC) Graduate School Dissertation Completion Fellowship. This material is based on work supported by the NOAA-Integrated Ocean Observing System program through contract NA07NOS4730212 and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security under award 2008-ST-061-ND0001. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 17 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 29 IS 4 BP 909 EP 925 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-12-00118.1 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 174NG UT WOS:000321162100015 ER PT J AU MacCuspie, RI Allen, AJ Martin, MN Hackley, VA AF MacCuspie, Robert I. Allen, Andrew J. Martin, Matthew N. Hackley, Vincent A. TI Just add water: reproducible singly dispersed silver nanoparticle suspensions on-demand SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Silver nanoparticles; Lyophilization; Freeze drying; Reference materials; Reconstitution; Dispersion ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; DRUG NANOSUSPENSIONS; AG NANOPARTICLES; NANO-SILVER; STABILITY; NANOSILVER; TOXICITY; SURFACES; EXPOSURE; CITRATE AB Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are of interest due to their antimicrobial attributes, which are derived from their inherent redox instability and subsequent release of silver ions. At the same time, this instability is a substantial challenge for achieving stable long-term storage for on-demand use of AgNPs. In this study, we describe and validate a "just add water" approach for achieving suspensions of principally singly dispersed AgNPs. By lyophilizing (freeze drying) the formulated AgNPs into a solid powder, or cake, water is removed thereby eliminating solution-based chemical changes. Storing under inert gas further reduces surface reactions such as oxidation. An example of how to optimize a lyophilization formulation is presented, as well as example formulations for three AgNP core sizes. This "just add water" approach enables ease of use for the researcher desiring on-demand singly dispersed AgNP suspensions from a single master batch. Implementation of this methodology will enable studies to be performed over long periods of time and across different laboratories using particles that are identical chemically and physically and available on-demand. In addition, the approach of freeze drying and on-demand reconstitution by adding water has enabled the development of AgNP reference materials with the required shelf-life stability, one of the principal objectives of this research. C1 [MacCuspie, Robert I.; Allen, Andrew J.; Martin, Matthew N.; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP MacCuspie, RI (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.maccuspie@nist.gov RI USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013; Martin, Matthew/N-1154-2015; OI Martin, Matthew/0000-0002-6323-4096; MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499; Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724 FU National Science Foundation/Department of Energy [NSF/CHE-0822838]; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX ChemMatCARS Sector 15 is principally supported by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy under Grant Number NSF/CHE-0822838. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 68 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 15 IS 7 AR UNSP 1760 DI 10.1007/s11051-013-1760-9 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 188DZ UT WOS:000322173600011 ER PT J AU Cintineo, RM Stensrud, DJ AF Cintineo, Rebecca M. Stensrud, David J. TI On the Predictability of Supercell Thunderstorm Evolution SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Forecast verification; skill; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting; Probability forecasts; models; distribution; Short-range prediction; Cloud resolving models; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting ID SIMULATED CONVECTIVE STORMS; ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; MESOSCALE PREDICTABILITY; MOIST CONVECTION; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC PREDICTABILITY; CLOUD MODEL; PART II; ENVIRONMENTS; ASSIMILATION AB Supercell thunderstorms produce a disproportionate amount of the severe weather in the United States, and accurate prediction of their movement and evolution is needed to warn the public of their hazards. This study explores the practical predictability of supercell thunderstorm forecasts in the presence of typical errors in the preconvective environmental conditions. The Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting model (ARW-WRF) is run at 1-km grid spacing and a control run of a supercell thunderstorm is produced using a horizontally homogeneous environment. Forecast errors from supercell environments derived from the 13-km Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) valid at 0000 UTC for forecast lead times up to 3 h are used to define the environmental errors, and 100 runs initialized with environmental perturbations characteristic of those errors are produced for each lead time. The simulations are analyzed to determine the spread and practical predictability of supercell thunderstorm forecasts from a storm-scale model, with the control used as truth.Most of the runs perturbed with the environmental forecast errors produce supercell thunderstorms; however, there is much less predictability for storm motion and structure. Results suggest that an upper bound to the practical predictability of storm location with the current environmental uncertainty for a 1-h environmental forecast is about 2 h, with the predictability of the storms decreasing to 1 h as lead time increases. Smaller-scale storm features, such as midlevel mesocyclones and regions of heavy rainfall, display much less predictability than storm location. Mesocyclone location is predictable out to 40 min or less, while heavy 5-min rainfall location is not predictable. C1 [Cintineo, Rebecca M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Cintineo, Rebecca M.; Stensrud, David J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Cintineo, RM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM rebecca.cintineo@ssec.wisc.edu FU NOAA Warn-on-Forecast project; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX This study was funded by the NOAA Warn-on-Forecast project. We gratefully acknowledge the helpful suggestions provided by Drs. Michael Richman and Xuguang Wang of the School of Meteorology at the University of Oklahoma, Dr. Chris Snyder at NCAR, as well as the very constructive and helpful comments from two anonymous reviewers. We further thank Kent Knopfmeier for his help in learning how to run the WRF model. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement #NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 70 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 70 IS 7 BP 1993 EP 2011 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0166.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 187NK UT WOS:000322125600008 ER PT J AU Mansell, ER Ziegler, CL AF Mansell, Edward R. Ziegler, Conrad L. TI Aerosol Effects on Simulated Storm Electrification and Precipitation in a Two-Moment Bulk Microphysics Model SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Lightning; Aerosols; Atmospheric electricity; Cloud resolving models ID CRYSTAL-GRAUPEL COLLISIONS; CLOUD DROPLET SIZE; CONVECTIVE STORMS; THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION; LIGHTNING ACTIVITY; CHARGE STRUCTURE; HAIL GROWTH; PART II; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MULTICELL STORM AB The effects of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations are found to strongly affect the microphysical and electrical evolution of a numerically simulated small multicell storm. The simulations reproduce the well-known effects of updraft invigoration and delay of precipitation formation as increasing CCN from low to intermediate concentrations causes droplet sizes to decrease. Peak updrafts increased from 16 m s(-1) at the lowest CCN to a maximum of 21-22 m s(-1) at moderate CCN, where condensation latent heating is maximized. The transition from low to high CCN first maximizes warm-rain production before switching over to the ice process as the dominant precipitation mechanism. Average graupel density stays fairly high and constant at lower CCN, but then drops monotonically at higher CCN concentration, although high CCN also foster the appearance of small regions of larger, high-density graupel with high simulated radar reflectivity.Graupel production increases monotonically as CCN concentration rises from 50 to about 2000 cm(-3). The lightning response is relatively weak until the Hallett-Mossop rime-splintering ice multiplication becomes more active at CCN > 700 cm(-3). At very high CCN concentrations (>2000 cm(-3)), graupel production decreases slowly, but lightning activity drops dramatically when the parameterization of Hallett-Mossop rime-splintering ice multiplication is based on the number of large cloud droplets collected by graupel. Conversely, lightning activity remains steady at extremely high CCN concentration when the Hallett-Mossop parameterization is based simply on the rate of rime mass accumulation. The results lend support to the aerosol hypothesis as applied to lightning production, whereby greater CCN concentration tends to lead to greater lightning activity, but with a large sensitivity to ice multiplication. C1 [Mansell, Edward R.; Ziegler, Conrad L.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Mansell, ER (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM ted.mansell@noaa.gov FU NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, Oklahoma; NSF [ATM-0451639] FX Support was provided by NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, Oklahoma. Partial funding for this research was provided by NSF Grant ATM-0451639. Computing resources at the OU Supercomputing Center for Education and Research (OSCER) at the University of Oklahoma also contributed to this project. David Moulton provided an updated version of the BOXMG code. Thanks also to Allison Silveira, Jerry Straka, and Dan Dawson for contributing to the development of the microphysics parameterizations. Special thanks to Earle Williams for thorough comments and suggestions and to two anonymous reviewers, resulting in many improvements. NR 78 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 37 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 70 IS 7 BP 2032 EP 2050 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0264.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 187NK UT WOS:000322125600010 ER PT J AU Potter, SF Spengler, T Held, IM AF Potter, Samuel F. Spengler, Thomas Held, Isaac M. TI Reflection of Barotropic Rossby Waves in Sheared Flow and Validity of the WKB Approximation SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric circulation; Planetary waves; Rossby waves ID PROPAGATION; INSTABILITY AB The authors discuss reflection of barotropic Rossby waves in an idealized framework with potential applications to tropical-extratropical and interhemispheric interactions. Meridional propagation of Rossby waves has often been studied using the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approximation. The WKB approximation neglects reflection. The authors investigate the amount of reflection in simple shear profiles and attempt to evaluate the validity of using the WKB approximation to understand the meridional propagation of Rossby waves. In addition to solving for the reflection coefficient numerically, exact and approximate forms of the reflection coefficient in certain parameter regimes are derived. An application to the observed climatology is discussed in light of the findings. C1 [Potter, Samuel F.; Spengler, Thomas] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Held, Isaac M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Potter, SF (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Sayre Hall,Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM spotter@princeton.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA08OAR4320752]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX We thank Steve Garner, Geoff Vallis, and two anonymous reviewers for kindly providing helpful comments on our work. We would like to thank Steve Garner for providing help with the analytic problem. We would also like to acknowledge the use of the ERA-Interim data produced and provided by ECMWF. While working on this study, S.F.P. was supported by Award NA08OAR4320752 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 70 IS 7 BP 2170 EP 2178 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0315.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 187NK UT WOS:000322125600018 ER PT J AU Gopalakrishnan, SG Marks, F Zhang, JA Zhang, XJ Bao, JW Tallapragada, V AF Gopalakrishnan, Sundararaman G. Marks, Frank, Jr. Zhang, Jun A. Zhang, Xuejin Bao, Jian-Wen Tallapragada, Vijay TI CORRIGENDUM SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article C1 [Gopalakrishnan, Sundararaman G.; Marks, Frank, Jr.; Zhang, Jun A.; Zhang, Xuejin] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Jun A.; Zhang, Xuejin] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Bao, Jian-Wen] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Tallapragada, Vijay] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Prediction, Environm Modeling Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Gopalakrishnan, SG (reprint author), AOML HRD, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM sundararaman.g.gopalakrishnan@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012; Zhang, Xuejin/B-3085-2014; Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Gopalakrishnan , Sundararaman /I-5773-2013 OI Zhang, Xuejin/0000-0003-2630-534X; Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Gopalakrishnan , Sundararaman /0000-0003-1384-7860 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 70 IS 7 BP 2336 EP 2336 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0134.1 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 187NK UT WOS:000322125600029 ER PT J AU Nakano, K Yajima, T Takeiri, F Green, MA Hester, J Kobayashi, Y Kageyama, H AF Nakano, Kousuke Yajima, Takeshi Takeiri, Fumitaka Green, Mark A. Hester, James Kobayashi, Yoji Kageyama, Hiroshi TI T-c Enhancement by Aliovalent Anionic Substitution in Superconducting BaTi2(Sb1-xSnx)(2)O SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE superconductivity; BaTi(2)Pn(2)O; CDW/SDW instability; hole doping; d(1) square lattice; mixed anionic coordination ID PNICTIDE OXIDE; TRANSITION; BA AB BaTi2Sb2O is a T-c = 1.2 K superconductor with a d(1) square lattice, and isovalent Bi substitution for Sb can increase its T-c to 4.6 K (BaTi2Bi2O), accompanied by the complete suppression of charge density wave (CDW) or spin density wave (SDW) transition. In the present study, we demonstrate that aliovalent Sn substitution (hole doping) also increases T-c up to 2.5 K for BaTi2(Sb0.7Sn0.3)(2)O, while suppressing CDW/SDW transition only slightly. The overall electronic phase diagram of BaTi2(Sb, Sn)(2)O is qualitatively similar to that of cation-substituted (hole-doped) (Ba,Na)Ti2Sb2O, but quantitative differences such as in T-c are observed, which is discussed in terms of Ti-Pn hybridization and chemical disorder. C1 [Nakano, Kousuke; Yajima, Takeshi; Takeiri, Fumitaka; Kobayashi, Yoji; Kageyama, Hiroshi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Energy & Hydrocarbon Chem, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. [Green, Mark A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hester, James] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. RP Nakano, K (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Energy & Hydrocarbon Chem, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. EM yajima.takeshi.4w@kyoto-u.ac.jp; kage@scl.kyoto-u.ac.jp RI Kageyama, Hiroshi/A-4602-2010 FU FIRST Program, JSPS FX The neutron experiment was performed using Echidna, ANSTO, based on the beam time that was transferred from HERMES at JRR-3 with the approval of ISSP, The University of Tokyo, and JAEA. This work was supported by the FIRST Program, JSPS. We thank J. Kim, N. Tsuji, and A. Fujiwara for their help during the SPring-8 experiments. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 42 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 82 IS 7 AR 074707 DI 10.7566/JPSJ.82.074707 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 173ZA UT WOS:000321121100032 ER PT J AU Lahiri, B Holland, G Aksyuk, V Centrone, A AF Lahiri, Basudev Holland, Glenn Aksyuk, Vladimir Centrone, Andrea TI Nanoscale Imaging of Plasmonic Hot Spots and Dark Modes with the Photothermal-Induced Resonance Technique SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE SEIRA; PTIR; plasmonic resonators; hot spots; dark mode; infrared spectroscopy ID ENHANCED INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; RAMAN-SCATTERING; METAMATERIALS; MICROSCOPY; NANOANTENNAS; MONOLAYERS; ARRAYS; AFM AB The collective oscillation of conduction electrons, responsible for the localized surface plasmon resonances, enables engineering nanomaterials by tuning their optical response from the visible to terahertz as a function of nanostructure size, shape, and environment. While theoretical calculations helped tremendously in understanding plasmonic nanomaterials and optimizing their light matter interaction, only a few experimental techniques are available to study these materials with high spatial resolution. In this work, the photothermal-induced resonance (PTIR) technique is applied for the first time to image the dark plasmonic resonance of gold asymmetric split ring resonators (A-SRRs) in the mid-infrared (IR) spectral region with nanoscale resolution. Additionally, the chemically specific PTIR signal is used to map the local absorption enhancement of poly(methyl methacrylate) coated on A-SRRs, revealing hot spots with local enhancement factors up to approximate to 30 at 100 nm lateral resolution. We argue that PTIR nanoscale characterization will facilitate the engineering and application of plasmonic nanomaterials for mid-IR applications. C1 [Lahiri, Basudev; Holland, Glenn; Aksyuk, Vladimir; Centrone, Andrea] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lahiri, Basudev; Centrone, Andrea] Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Centrone, A (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrea.centrone@nist.gov RI Lahiri, Basudev/I-5554-2016; OI Aksyuk, Vladimir/0000-0002-9653-4722 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H026]; University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX The authors acknowledge Rich Kasica of NIST for useful discussion on EBL and Dr. Doug Gotthard of Anasys Instruments for the help in setting up the polarization control module. A.C. acknowledges support from the National Institute of Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program, Award 70NANB10H026, through the University of Maryland. AC. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 41 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 9 U2 90 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 13 IS 7 BP 3218 EP 3224 DI 10.1021/nl401284m PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 184IW UT WOS:000321884300035 PM 23777547 ER PT J AU MacIntyre, KQ Stafford, KM Berchok, CL Boveng, PL AF MacIntyre, Kalyn Q. Stafford, Kathleen M. Berchok, Catherine L. Boveng, Peter L. TI Year-round acoustic detection of bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) in the Beaufort Sea relative to changing environmental conditions, 2008-2010 SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bearded seal; Erignathus barbatus; Beaufort Sea; Acoustics; Sea ice concentration ID ARCTIC MARINE MAMMALS; UNDERWATER VOCALIZATIONS; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; SEASONAL-CHANGES; MATING TACTICS; CHUKCHI SEA; SONG; PINNIPEDS; BEHAVIOR; CLIMATE AB Bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) are pan-Arctic pinnipeds that are often seen in association with pack ice, and are known for their long, loud trills, produced underwater primarily in the spring. Acoustic recordings were collected from August 2008 to August 2010 at two locations and a single year (2008-2009) at a third location, in the western Beaufort Sea. Three recorders in 2008-2009 had a 30 % duty cycle and a bandwidth of 10-4,096 Hz. One recorder in 2009-2010 had a 45 % duty cycle and a bandwidth of 10-4,096 Hz and the second had a 20 % duty cycle and bandwidth of 10-8,192 Hz. Spectrograms of acoustic data were examined for characteristic patterns of bearded seal vocalizations. For each recorder, the number of hours per day with vocalizations was compared with in situ water temperature and satellite-derived daily sea ice concentrations. At all sites, bearded seals were vocally active year-round. Call activity escalated with the formation of pack ice in the winter and the peak occurred in the spring, coinciding with mating season and preceding breakup of the sea ice. There was a change in the timing of seasonal sea ice formation and retreat between the two consecutive years that was reflected in the timing of peak bearded seal call activity. This study provides new information on fall and winter bearded seal vocal behavior and the relationship between year-round vocal activity and changes in annual sea ice coverage and in situ water temperature. C1 [MacIntyre, Kalyn Q.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [MacIntyre, Kalyn Q.; Berchok, Catherine L.; Boveng, Peter L.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Stafford, Kathleen M.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP MacIntyre, KQ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, 1122 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM kalyn.macintyre@noaa.gov FU National Ocean Partnership Program [WHOI A100587, UAF 080047]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148]; U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Inter-agency [M07RG13317]; U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service; BOEM Alaska Environmental Studies Program FX We thank the captain and crew of the USCGC Healy, John Kemp (WHOI), Dave Leech (UAF), and Sharon Nieukirk (OSU) for assistance with deployment and recovery of the moorings. Funding for this project was provided by the National Ocean Partnership Program grants WHOI A100587, and UAF 080047, the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148 and the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Inter-agency Agreement M07RG13317 with the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, as part of the BOEM Alaska Environmental Studies Program. We also thank Steve Okkonen for his assistance with the analysis of our water temperature data and for providing us with data to support our findings. Comments from Dr. Sofie Van Parijs and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. This is JISAO Contribution No. 2095. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1161 EP 1173 DI 10.1007/s00300-013-1337-1 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 185NH UT WOS:000321975200008 ER PT J AU Gigault, J Hackley, VA AF Gigault, Julien Hackley, Vincent A. TI Observation of size-independent effects in nanoparticle retention behavior during asymmetric-flow field-flow fractionation SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Field-flow fractionation; Nanoparticles/nanotechnology; Separations/theory ID DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; UV-VIS DETECTION; MULTIDETECTOR APPROACH; AQUEOUS DISPERSION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CARBON NANOTUBES; NATURAL COLLOIDS; SEPARATION; QUANTIFICATION; SYSTEMS AB In this work, we highlight the size-independent influence of the material properties of nanoparticles (NPs) on their retention behavior in asymmetric-flow field-flow fractionation (A4F) by comparing four NP populations with similar nominal size. The phenomena described here suggest there are limits to the effectiveness and accuracy of using a single type of NP standard (polystyrene beads most typically) in order to generically calibrate retention time in normal mode elution. The dual objectives of this paper are to (1) demonstrate the uncertainties resulting from current practice and (2) initiate a discussion of these effects and their origins. The results presented here illustrate clearly that the retention time is higher for metallic NPs relative to lower (bulk) density NPs. By modifying the fundamental field-flow fractionation equation to account for differences in particle density, we show that the effect of the gravitational force is finite but insignificant for NPs. We postulate that the observed material-dependent retention behavior may be attributed to differences in the attractive van der Waals force between the NPs and the accumulation wall (membrane surface). We hope that our results will stimulate discussion and reassessment of the calibration procedure, perhaps by more fully accounting for all influential material parameters relevant to the fractionation of nanoscale particles by A4F. C1 [Gigault, Julien; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hackley, VA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vince.hackley@nist.gov OI Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724 NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 6 U2 69 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 405 IS 19 BP 6251 EP 6258 DI 10.1007/s00216-013-7055-2 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 177OM UT WOS:000321384700010 PM 23712648 ER PT J AU Chang, JB Vissers, MR Corcoles, AD Sandberg, M Gao, J Abraham, DW Chow, JM Gambetta, JM Rothwell, MB Keefe, GA Steffen, M Pappas, DP AF Chang, Josephine B. Vissers, Michael R. Corcoles, Antonio D. Sandberg, Martin Gao, Jiansong Abraham, David W. Chow, Jerry M. Gambetta, Jay M. Rothwell, Mary Beth Keefe, George A. Steffen, Matthias Pappas, David P. TI Improved superconducting qubit coherence using titanium nitride SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We demonstrate enhanced relaxation and dephasing times of transmon qubits, up to similar to 60 mu s, by fabricating the interdigitated shunting capacitors using titanium nitride (TiN). Compared to qubits made with lift-off aluminum deposited simultaneously with the Josephson junction, this represents as much as a six-fold improvement and provides evidence that surface losses from two-level system (TLS) defects residing at or near interfaces contribute to decoherence. Concurrently, we observe an anomalous temperature dependent frequency shift of TiN resonators, which is inconsistent with the predicted TLS model. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Chang, Josephine B.; Corcoles, Antonio D.; Abraham, David W.; Chow, Jerry M.; Gambetta, Jay M.; Rothwell, Mary Beth; Keefe, George A.; Steffen, Matthias] IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Vissers, Michael R.; Sandberg, Martin; Gao, Jiansong; Pappas, David P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Chang, JB (reprint author), IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. FU DARPA; NIST FX The authors would like to thank E. Duch, R. Martin, and E. O'Sullivan for their contributions to this work, and Chris Lirakis, Jim Rozen, and Jack Rohrs for their support. The authors acknowledge useful comments on the manuscript from S. Poletto, E. Lucero, N. Masluk, and D. McClure. Portions of this work were completed in the IBM T. J. Watson Microelectronics Research Laboratory. This work was supported by DARPA and the NIST Quantum Information Program. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressly or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. NR 22 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 49 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 1 AR 012602 DI 10.1063/1.4813269 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 179CX UT WOS:000321497200023 ER PT J AU Salimon, C Sousa, ED Alin, SR Krusche, AV Ballester, MV AF Salimon, Cleber Sousa, Eliete dos Santos Alin, Simone R. Krusche, Alex Vladimir Ballester, Maria Victoria TI Seasonal variation in dissolved carbon concentrations and fluxes in the upper Purus River, southwestern Amazon SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Dissolved inorganic carbon; Dissolved organic carbon; Seasonality; Carbon balance; pH; Water discharge ID ORGANIC-CARBON; CONTRASTING SOILS; TROPICAL FORESTS; GAS-EXCHANGE; RAIN-FOREST; BASIN; WATER; DIOXIDE; CLIMATE; RESPIRATION AB One of the less studied components of carbon cycling that could improve our understanding of how and how strongly Amazonian ecosystems act as sinks or sources of carbon is the amount that is carried downstream by rivers. In this paper, we show that a headwater river can carry from 25 to 130 % of the reported sink for Amazonian forests, therefore not being negligible for ecosystem-level carbon budgets. Based on monthly measurements from May 2004 to April 2005 of the upper Purus River, southwestern Amazonia, we found that: water pH, dissolved oxygen, specific electrical conductivity, and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were inversely related to water discharge and precipitation; pCO(2) was directly and strongly related to discharge and precipitation, and to a lesser extent to pH and dissolved oxygen; and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was not related to any measured variable. Annual flux of dissolved carbon (DIC + DOC) at the sampling site was estimated as 604 +/- A 55 Gg C a(-1). More than 75 % was in the form of bicarbonate, with the remainder as CO2 and DOC. This amount is equivalent to 0.15 +/- A 0.01 Mg C ha(-1) a(-1) in the upstream drainage basin, which is on the same order of magnitude as terrestrial carbon fixation. C1 [Salimon, Cleber; Sousa, Eliete dos Santos] State Univ Paraiba, Fed Univ Acre, BR-69915900 Rio Branco, AC, Brazil. [Sousa, Eliete dos Santos; Krusche, Alex Vladimir; Ballester, Maria Victoria] Ctr Energia Nucl Agr USP, BR-13400970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [Alin, Simone R.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Salimon, C (reprint author), State Univ Paraiba, Fed Univ Acre, BR 364 Km 4 CEP, BR-69915900 Rio Branco, AC, Brazil. EM clebsal@gmail.com RI Ballester, Maria/K-1926-2013 OI Ballester, Maria/0000-0003-2567-6747 FU FAPESP [03/07778-5, 03/1372-2]; NASA LBA Program [NCC5-689, NNG06GE98A]; Amazon Conservation Leadership Initiative at the University of Florida; PROCAD [108/2007 CAPES]; INCT-CENBAM; PPBio FX We thank Willian Aiache for fieldwork, and the staff of the Limnology Laboratory at the Federal University of Acre, namely Dr M. R. Lopes and Liana Anderson, for GIS assistance; We acknowledge FAPESP grants 03/07778-5 and 03/1372-2, the NASA LBA Program (NCC5-689 and NNG06GE98A), and the "Amazon Conservation Leadership Initiative at the University of Florida." This is PMEL contribution number 3772. We also thank William Ernest Magnusson for revising the manuscript. This paper was finalized during the writing workshop funded by PROCAD no. 108/2007 CAPES, INCT-CENBAM, and PPBio. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 62 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JUL PY 2013 VL 114 IS 1-3 BP 245 EP 254 DI 10.1007/s10533-012-9806-0 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 168PO UT WOS:000320718200015 ER PT J AU Steele, CA Anderson, EC Ackerman, MW Hess, MA Campbell, NR Narum, SR Campbell, MR AF Steele, Craig A. Anderson, Eric C. Ackerman, Michael W. Hess, Maureen A. Campbell, Nathan R. Narum, Shawn R. Campbell, Matthew R. TI A validation of parentage-based tagging using hatchery steelhead in the Snake River basin SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; SALMON; SNPS; MICROSATELLITES; IDENTIFICATION; CONSERVATION; ASSIGNMENT; INFERENCE AB Parentage-based tagging (PBT) is a promising alternative to traditional coded-wire tag (CWT) methodologies for monitoring and evaluating hatchery stocks. This approach involves the genotyping of hatchery broodstock and uses parentage assignments to identify the origin and brood year of their progeny. In this study we empirically confirmed that fewer than 100 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were needed to accurately conduct PBT, we demonstrated that our selected panel of SNPs was comparable in accuracy to a panel of microsatellites, and we verified that stock assignments made with this panel matched those made using CWTs. We also demonstrated that when sampling of spawners was incomplete, an estimated PBT rate for the offspring could also be predicted with fewer than 100 SNPs. This study in the Snake River basin is one of the first large-scale implementations of PBT in salmonids and lays the foundation for adopting this technology more broadly in the region, thereby allowing the unprecedented ability to mark millions of smolts and an opportunity to address a variety of parentage-based research and management questions. C1 [Steele, Craig A.; Ackerman, Michael W.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Eagle Fish Genet Lab, Eagle, ID 83616 USA. [Anderson, Eric C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hess, Maureen A.; Campbell, Nathan R.; Narum, Shawn R.] Columbia River Intertribal Fisheries Commiss, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Campbell, Matthew R.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Eagle Fish Genet Lab, Eagle, ID 83616 USA. RP Steele, CA (reprint author), Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Eagle Fish Genet Lab, 1800 Trout Rd, Eagle, ID 83616 USA. EM craig.steele@idfg.idaho.gov; eric.anderson@noaa.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration [2010-031-00]; Pacific Coast Salmon Recovery Fund; Idaho Power Company [01608SC] FX Primary funding for this research came from the Bonneville Power Administration (Project No. 2010-031-00). Additional financial support was provided by the Pacific Coast Salmon Recovery Fund and the Idaho Power Company (Project No. 01608SC). We thank the many hard-working staff and technicians for extracting, genotyping, and organizing the thousands of samples that made this research possible: C. Camacho, D. Kovis (who also created Fig. 1), J. McCane, L. Redfield, and T. Vanderwey from the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission at the Eagle Fish Genetics Laboratory, as well as S. Harmon, T. Jacobsen, A. Matala, L. Maxwell, M. Moore, V. Morman, and J. Stephenson from the Columbia River Inter-tribal Fisheries Commission at the Hagerman Fish Genetics Laboratory. Thanks also go to L. Clifford at Idaho Department of Fish and Game for formatting the manuscript and to B. Wright at Idaho Department of Fish and Game for providing CWT data. Special thanks to all Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and Nez Perce Tribe staff and volunteers who helped collect genetic samples from hatchery broodstock. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 33 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 70 IS 7 BP 1046 EP 1054 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0451 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 175QX UT WOS:000321247700009 ER PT J AU Zhou, LM Tian, YH Roy, SB Dai, YJ Chen, HS AF Zhou, Liming Tian, Yuhong Roy, Somnath Baidya Dai, Yongjiu Chen, Haishan TI Diurnal and seasonal variations of wind farm impacts on land surface temperature over western Texas SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Wind farm; Impacts on weather and climate; Land surface temperature; Land cover land use; MODIS; West-Central Texas ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; CLIMATE; ENERGY AB This paper analyzes seasonal and diurnal variations of MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature (LST) data at similar to 1.1 km for the period of 2003-2011 over a region in West-Central Texas, where four of the world's largest wind farms are located. Seasonal anomalies are created from MODIS Terra (similar to 10:30 a.m. and 10:30 p.m. local solar time) and Aqua (similar to 1:30 a.m. and 1:30 p.m. local solar time) LSTs, and their spatiotemporal variability is analyzed by comparing the LST changes between wind farm pixels (WFPs) and nearby non wind farm pixels (NNWFPs) using different methods under different quality controls. Our analyses show consistently that there is a warming effect of 0.31-0.70 A degrees C at nighttime for the nine-year period during which data was collected over WFPs relative to NNWFPs, in all seasons for both Terra and Aqua measurements, while the changes at daytime are much noisier. The nighttime warming effect is much larger in summer than winter and at similar to 10:30 p.m. than similar to 1:30 a.m. and hence the largest warming effect is observed at similar to 10:30 p.m. in summer. The spatial pattern and magnitude of this warming effect couple very well with the geographic distribution of wind turbines and such coupling is stronger at nighttime than daytime and in summer than winter. Together, these results suggest that the warming effect observed in MODIS over wind farms are very likely attributable to the development of wind farms. This inference is consistent with the increasing number of operational wind turbines with time during the study period, the diurnal and seasonal variations in the frequency of wind speed and direction distribution, and the changes in near-surface atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) conditions due to wind farm operations. The nocturnal ABL is typically stable and much thinner than the daytime ABL and hence the turbine enhanced vertical mixing produces a stronger nighttime effect. The stronger wind speed and the higher frequency of the wind speed within the optimal power generation range in summer than winter and at nighttime than daytime likely drives wind turbines to generate more electricity and turbulence and consequently results in the strongest warming effect at nighttime in summer. Similarly, the stronger wind speed and the higher frequency of optimal wind speed at similar to 10:30 p.m. than that at similar to 1:30 a.m. might help explain, to some extent, why the nighttime LST warming effect is slightly larger at similar to 10:30 p.m. than similar to 1:30 a.m. The nighttime warming effect seen in spring and fall are smaller than that in summer and can be explained similarly. C1 [Zhou, Liming] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Tian, Yuhong] NOAA NESDIS STAR, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Roy, Somnath Baidya] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Dai, Yongjiu] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Chen, Haishan] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Zhou, LM (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM lzhou@albany.edu RI Zhou, Liming/A-2688-2012; Dai, Yongjiu/D-6261-2014; OI Dai, Yongjiu/0000-0002-3588-6644; Chen, Haishan/0000-0002-2403-3187 FU University at Albany, SUNY; National Science Foundation [NSF AGS-1247137]; National Basic Research Program of China [2011CB952000]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40875062]; Ministry of Education; State Administration for Foreign Experts Affairs of China FX This study was supported by the startup funds provided by University at Albany, SUNY and by National Science Foundation (NSF AGS-1247137). H. Chen was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2011CB952000). Y. Dai was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 40875062 and the 111 Project of Ministry of Education and State Administration for Foreign Experts Affairs of China. The MERRA reanalysis data is obtained from the NASA/GSFC/GMAO data server. Chad Eilering and Maxwell Smith helped generate the Google Earth kml files. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 41 IS 2 BP 307 EP 326 DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1485-y PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 173WY UT WOS:000321114300006 ER PT J AU Bourdeau, PE Pangle, KL Reed, EM Peacor, SD AF Bourdeau, Paul E. Pangle, Kevin L. Reed, Emily M. Peacor, Scott D. TI Finely tuned response of native prey to an invasive predator in a freshwater system SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diel vertical migration; Great Lakes; invasive species; naivete; non-consumptive effect; phenotypic plasticity; predator-prey interaction ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; YOSEMITE-NATIONAL-PARK; LAKE-MICHIGAN; ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR; INTRODUCED PREDATOR; DAPHNIA-MENDOTAE; FISH; INVERTEBRATE; BYTHOTREPHES; HYPOTHESIS AB Lack of shared evolutionary history reduces the expectation that native prey will detect and respond to invasive predators. Four mechanisms may explain the adaptive response that is nevertheless seen in various systems: prey may perceive the invasive predator through cue similarity with preexisting predators, cues of conspecifics eaten by the invasive predator, a learned response based on experience with the invasive predator (e.g., cue association), and cues from the invasive predator that are specific to it. We performed laboratory experiments in which zooplankton (Daphnia mendotae) responded adaptively to the zooplanktivore Bythotrephes longimanus (migrating downward), showed no response to taxonomically similar predatory cladocerans, and responded adaptively to more taxonomically distant native fish (migrating downward) and native shrimp (migrating upward). Conspecific cues associated with Bythotrephes predation actually reduced the response of D. mendotae to Bythotrephes. Combined with previous experiments that rule out learning, our experiments rule out the first three mechanisms above, demonstrating that D. mendotae respond to cues specific to and produced directly by Bythotrephes. This finely tuned response may be retained from an ancestral species that coevolved with Bythotrephes in its native range, or may have rapidly evolved due to strong selection by the invasive predator. C1 [Bourdeau, Paul E.; Reed, Emily M.; Peacor, Scott D.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Pangle, Kevin L.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Pangle, Kevin L.] Cent Michigan Univ, Inst Great Lakes Res, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Peacor, Scott D.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Peacor, SD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM peacor@msu.edu FU Fishery Research Program of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission; National Science Foundation [OCE-0826020]; Michigan State University AgBioResearch FX D. Donahue and D. Mason provided logistical support, and the crew of R/V Laurentian helped collect zooplankton. Comments by J. Van Buskirk and two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. Funding came from Fishery Research Program of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission and National Science Foundation grant OCE-0826020 to S. D. Peacor. S. D. Peacor acknowledges support from Michigan State University AgBioResearch. This is NOAA-GLERL contribution number 1663 and Central Michigan University Institute of Great Lakes Research contribution number 29. NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 100 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2013 VL 94 IS 7 BP 1449 EP 1455 DI 10.1890/12-2116.1 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 180SY UT WOS:000321618400002 PM 23951704 ER PT J AU McClintock, BT Conn, PB Alonso, RS Crooks, KR AF McClintock, Brett T. Conn, Paul B. Alonso, Robert S. Crooks, Kevin R. TI Integrated modeling of bilateral photo-identification data in mark-recapture analyses SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance; latent multinomial; mark-resight; noninvasive capture-recapture; photo-identification; remote camera trapping ID SHARKS RHINCODON-TYPUS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; POPULATION; CONSERVATION; ALGORITHM; ABUNDANCE; INFERENCE AB When natural marks provide sufficient resolution to identify individual animals, noninvasive sampling using cameras has a number of distinct advantages relative to traditional mark-recapture methods. However, analyses from photo-identification records often pose additional challenges. For example, it is often unclear how to link left- and right-side photos to the same individual, and previous studies have primarily used data from just one side for statistical inference. Here we describe how a recently developed statistical method can be adapted for integrated mark-recapture analyses using bilateral photo-identification records. The approach works by assuming that the true encounter history for each animal is a latent (unobserved) realization from a multinomial distribution. Based on the type of photo encounter (e.g., right, left, or both sides), the recorded (observed) encounter histories can only arise from certain combinations of these latent histories. In this manner, the approach properly accounts for uncertainty about the true number of distinct animals observed in the study. Using a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling procedure, we conduct a small simulation study to show that this approach has reasonable properties and outperforms other methods. We further illustrate our approach by estimating population size from bobcat photo-identification records. Although motivated by bilateral photo-identification records, we note that the proposed methodology can be used to combine and jointly analyze other types of mark-recapture data (e.g., photo and DNA records). C1 [McClintock, Brett T.; Conn, Paul B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Alonso, Robert S.; Crooks, Kevin R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Alonso, Robert S.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. RP McClintock, BT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM brett.mcclintock@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 52 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2013 VL 94 IS 7 BP 1464 EP 1471 DI 10.1890/12-1613.1 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 180SY UT WOS:000321618400004 PM 23951706 ER PT J AU Allison, TC Tong, YYJ AF Allison, Thomas C. Tong, YuYe J. TI Application of the condensed Fukui function to predict reactivity in core-shell transition metal nanoparticles SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Nanoparticles; Chemical reactivity theory; Fukui function ID FRONTIER-ELECTRON THEORY; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; CHEMICAL-REACTIVITY; FUNCTION INDEXES; NON-NEGATIVITY; SPECTROSCOPY; DESCRIPTOR; ADSORPTION; CATALYSIS; CLUSTERS AB Chemical reactivity descriptors are a powerful means for understanding reactivity in a wide variety of chemical compounds. These descriptors, rooted in density functional theory, have found broad application in organic chemical reactions, but have not been as widely applied for other classes of chemical species such as nanoparticles, which are the subject of this article. Specifically, we explore application of the Fukui function, the global hardness and softness, the local softness, and the dual descriptor to pure metallic and core-shell nanoparticles, with and without a CO molecule bound to the surface. We find that the Fukui function is useful in predicting and interpreting chemical reactivity, and that it correlates well with the results of the popular d-band center method. Differences in the Fukui function before and after bonding of a CO molecule to the surface of a nanoparticle reveal interesting information about the reactivity of the nanoparticle surface. The change in the Fukui function when an electric field is applied to the molecule is also considered. Though the results are generally good, some of the limitations of this approach become clear. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Allison, Thomas C.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tong, YuYe J.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Allison, TC (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.allison@nist.gov; yyt@georgetown.edu RI Tong, YuYe/A-2334-2008 OI Tong, YuYe/0000-0003-2799-022X FU Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; DOE [DE-FG02-07ER15895]; NSF [CHE-0923910] FX TCA acknowledges Dr. Carlos A. Gonzalez for a number of helpful discussions in the preparation of the material presented in this article. A portion of the research was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Research in YYJT's lab is financially supported by DOE (DE-FG02-07ER15895) and NSF (CHE-0923910). NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 101 SI SI BP 334 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.12.072 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 175LK UT WOS:000321232000039 ER PT J AU Manzello, SL Yamada, T Jeffers, A Ohmiya, Y Himoto, K Fernandez-Pello, AC AF Manzello, Samuel L. Yamada, Tokiyoshi Jeffers, Ann Ohmiya, Yoshifumi Himoto, Keisuke Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos TI Summary of workshop for fire structure interaction and urban and wildland-urban interface (WUI) Fires-operation Tomodachi-fire research SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Urban fires; WUI fires; Fire-structure interaction ID SCALE-MODEL; RESISTANCE; DESIGN; WHIRL AB A workshop, known as "Operation Tomodachi-Fire Research" was held in Tokyo, Japan from July 1 to July 4, 2012. Tomodachi means friendship in Japanese. This workshop, under the direction of Dr. Samuel L. Manzello of EL-NIST and Dr. Tokiyoshi Yamada of the University of Tokyo, was conducted in partnership with the Japan Association of Fire Science and Engineering (JAFSE). The objective was to: (1) develop scientific knowledge and translate it to building codes and standards that will be of use to both countries to reduce the devastation caused by unwanted fires, (2) provide a forum for next generation researchers to present their work in order to develop new research collaborations, (3) and allow USA participants a chance to visit excellent large-scale research facilities available in Japan that are of use to the research topics of this workshop. This is a formal continuation of the kickoff meeting held at NIST's Engineering Laboratory (EL-NIST) in June 2011. USA presentations were delivered from: NIST, Purdue University, University of Texas-Austin, Michigan State University, University of Michigan, Insurance Institute for Business and Home Safety (IBHS), Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), University of California-Berkeley, California Polytechnic University (CALPOLY), Underwriters laboratories (UL), and the University of Delaware (organizations are listed based on the order of oral presentation). Japanese presentations were delivered from: The University of Tokyo, Building Research Institute (BRI), Takenaka Corporation, Center for Better Living, Shimizu Corporation, Tokyo University of Science (TUS), National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management (NILIM), Kyoto University, National Research Institute of Fire and Disaster (NRIFD), Yamagata University, and Kobe University (organizations are listed based on the order of oral presentation). All of the presentations are documented in a recent NIST Special Publication (MIST SP 1137). The present paper provides a detailed summary for the need of this workshop as well as the findings obtained from the event. It is desired that this activity will motivate the next generation of researchers to explore and develop research collaborations related to emerging areas of fire safety science. The authors are hopeful that new and exciting activities specific to other countries may come out of this type of event. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Manzello, Samuel L.] NIST, EL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yamada, Tokiyoshi] Univ Tokyo, Fire & Disaster Management Lab, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Jeffers, Ann] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ohmiya, Yoshifumi] Tokyo Univ Sci, Ctr Fire Sci & Technol, Noda, Chiba 278, Japan. [Himoto, Keisuke] Kyoto Univ, DPRI, Kyoto, Japan. [Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, EL, Room A361,Stop 8662, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuelm@nist.gov RI Himoto, Keisuke/E-7110-2013; OI Himoto, Keisuke/0000-0001-7965-0329; Jeffers, Ann/0000-0002-1961-6775 FU Kajima Foundation FX The organizing local organizing committee (Dr. Hagiwara, Dr. Ohmiya, Dr. Wakatsuki, Mr. Yoshinaga, and Ms. Takahashi) is gratefully acknowledged for their hard work. All are indebted to the Building Research Institute (BRI) and the National Research Institute of Fire and Disaster (NRIFD) for hosting the meeting. The Tokyo University of Science (TUS) is also acknowledged for handling the optional laboratory tour. The excellent presentations from all the presenters are really appreciated. Dr. Nakamura is acknowledged for assisting the discussion for the future collaboration and workshop. The valuable input of all participants is warmly appreciated as well as the the support from the Kajima Foundation. Finally, Dr. Manzello would like to extend a special thank you to Professor Takeyoshi Tanaka of Kyoto University and Dr. Sayaka Suzuki of NFIRD. Without Professor Tanaka's unwavering support, this event would not have been possible. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 59 BP 122 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2013.03.021 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 174TS UT WOS:000321178900014 ER PT J AU Hayes, AG Lorenz, RD Donelan, MA Manga, M Lunine, JI Schneider, T Lamb, MP Mitchell, JM Fischer, WW Graves, SD Tolman, HL Aharonson, O Encrenaz, PJ Ventura, B Casarano, D Notarnicola, C AF Hayes, A. G. Lorenz, R. D. Donelan, M. A. Manga, M. Lunine, J. I. Schneider, T. Lamb, M. P. Mitchell, J. M. Fischer, W. W. Graves, S. D. Tolman, H. L. Aharonson, O. Encrenaz, P. J. Ventura, B. Casarano, D. Notarnicola, C. TI Wind driven capillary-gravity waves on Titan's lakes: Hard to detect or non-existent? SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; Saturn, Satellites; Radar observations; Infrared observations ID SURFACE-WAVES; GENERATED WAVES; SHEAR FLOWS; SEA; COEFFICIENTS; STRESS; GROWTH; OCEANS; SLOPE; SPEED AB Saturn's moon Titan has lakes and seas of liquid hydrocarbon and a dense atmosphere, an environment conducive to generating wind waves. Cassini observations thus far, however, show no indication of waves. We apply models for wind wave generation and detection to the Titan environment. Results suggest wind speed thresholds at a reference altitude of 10 m of 0.4-0.7 m/s for liquid compositions varying between pure methane and equilibrium mixtures with the atmosphere (ethane has a threshold of 0.6 m/s), varying primarily with liquid viscosity. This reduced threshold, as compared to Earth, results from Titan's increased atmosphere-to-liquid density ratio, reduced gravity and lower surface tension. General Circulation Models (GCMs) predict wind speeds below derived thresholds near equinox, when available observations of lake surfaces have been acquired. Predicted increases in winds as Titan approaches summer solstice, however, will exceed expected thresholds and may provide constraints on lake composition and/or GCM accuracy through the presence or absence of waves during the Cassini Solstice Mission. A two-scale microwave backscatter model suggests that returns from wave-modified liquid hydrocarbon surfaces may be below the pixel-scale noise floor of Cassini radar images, but can be detectable using real-aperture scatterometry, pixel binning and/or observations obtained in a specular geometry. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hayes, A. G.; Lunine, J. I.] Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hayes, A. G.; Manga, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lorenz, R. D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 50742 USA. [Donelan, M. A.] Univ Miami, Rosentiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Schneider, T.] ETH, Dept Earth Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Schneider, T.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Schneider, T.; Lamb, M. P.; Fischer, W. W.; Graves, S. D.; Aharonson, O.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Mitchell, J. M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. [Tolman, H. L.] NOAA, Marine Modeling & Anal Branch, NCEP, EMC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Aharonson, O.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Ctr Planetary Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Encrenaz, P. J.] Observ Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Ventura, B.; Notarnicola, C.] EURAC, Inst Appl Remote Sensing, Bolzano, Italy. [Casarano, D.] CNR, IRPI, I-70126 Bari, Italy. RP Hayes, AG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM hayes@astro.cornell.edu RI Lamb, Michael/B-6478-2012; Schneider, Tapio /A-7038-2014; Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; OI Schneider, Tapio /0000-0001-5687-2287; Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Manga, Michael/0000-0003-3286-4682 FU Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science; NASA [NNX13AH 14G]; NASA; David and Lucile Packard Fellowship FX A.G.H. would like to the thank the Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science for partially funding this work. R.L., J.I.L., and P.E. were partially supported by the Cassini Project (for R.L. via NASA Grant NNX13AH 14G). T.S. and S.D.G. acknowledge support from a NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship and a David and Lucile Packard Fellowship. We would especially like to thank and acknowledge H.E. Schlichting of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for her advice and contributions to this work and Richard Lovelace of Cornell University, whose inquiries supplied the motivation for this project. All authors would also like to thank the Cassini engineering team, without whom this manuscript would not have been possible. NR 64 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JUL PY 2013 VL 225 IS 1 BP 403 EP 412 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.04.004 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 174ND UT WOS:000321161800034 ER PT J AU Large, SI Fay, G Friedland, KD Link, JS AF Large, Scott I. Fay, Gavin Friedland, Kevin D. Link, Jason S. TI Defining trends and thresholds in responses of ecological indicators to fishing and environmental pressures SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE decision criteria; ecosystem-based management; generalized additive model; overfishing; reference points ID ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; REGRESSION SPLINES; STRUCTURAL-CHANGE; SHELF ECOSYSTEM; PREDATORY FISH AB Both fishing and environmental forces can influence the structure of marine ecosystems. To further understand marine ecosystems and to implement ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM), an evaluation of ecosystem indicators is warranted. In this context, it is particularly important to identify thresholds where fishing and environmental pressures significantly influence ecological indicators. We empirically determined numerical values of environmental forces and fishing pressure that significantly altered the response of ecological indicators for the Northeast Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem. Generalized additive models predicted a non-linear relationship for each pressure-response pairing. With this smoother, 95% confidence intervals (CI) for estimated first and second derivatives for each relationship were determined via parametric bootstrap. A significant trend or threshold was noted when the CI for the first or second derivative was greater or less than zero, delineating the level atwhich pressure variables influence the rate and direction of ecosystem indicator responses. We identify reference levels where environmental forces and fishing pressure result in ecosystem change by collectively examining the responses of multiple ecological indicators. Individual indicators showed unique responses to pressures, however, similar values for the pressures were associated with significant changes for multiple indicators. These reference levels establish a foundation for implementation of EBFM. C1 [Large, Scott I.; Fay, Gavin; Link, Jason S.] NOAA Fisheries, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Friedland, Kevin D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Large, SI (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Woods Hole, MA USA. EM scott.large@noaa.gov FU NOAA NMFS Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) grant FX This work was supported by a NOAA NMFS Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) grant. We thank all those who participated in the NEFSC bottom trawl survey and have maintained this database. We thank M. Fogarty, R. Gamble, S. Gaichas, and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments on earlier versions of this work. NR 112 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 60 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 70 IS 4 BP 755 EP 767 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst067 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 173CZ UT WOS:000321057000006 ER PT J AU Hurst, TP Fernandez, ER Mathis, JT AF Hurst, Thomas P. Fernandez, Elena R. Mathis, Jeremy T. TI Effects of ocean acidification on hatch size and larval growth of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE climate change; early life history; fishes; gadids; growth rate; hatching; hypercapnia ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; EASTERN BERING-SEA; TROPICAL MARINE FISH; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; OLFACTORY CUES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TEMPERATURE; MACROCEPHALUS; TOLERANCE AB Rising atmospheric concentrations of CO2 are predicted to decrease the pH of high-latitude oceans by 0.3-0.5 units by 2100. Because of their limited capacity for ion exchange, embryos and larvae of marine fishes are predicted to be more sensitive to elevated CO2 than juveniles and adults. Eggs and larvae of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) were incubated across a broad range of CO2 levels (280-2100 matm) to evaluate sensitivity in this critical resource species. Slightly elevated CO2 levels (similar to 450 mu atm) resulted in earlier hatching times, but differences among egg batches were greater than those observed across CO2 treatments. Egg batches differed significantly in size-at-hatch metrics, but we observed no consistent effect of CO2 level. In three independent experiments, walleye pollock were reared at ambient and elevated CO2 levels through the early larval stage (to similar to 30 days post-hatch). Across trials, there were only minor effects of CO2 level on size and growth rate, but fish in the ambient treatments tended to be slightly smaller than fish reared at elevated CO2 levels. These results suggest that growth potential of early life stages of walleye pollock is resilient with respect to the direct physiological effects of ocean acidification. C1 [Hurst, Thomas P.] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Mathis, Jeremy T.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Hurst, TP (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM thomas.hurst@noaa.gov RI Hurst, Thomas/N-1401-2013 FU Pollock Conservation Cooperative Research Center; NOAA's Ocean Acidification Research Program; Rasmuson Fisheries Research Center; Oregon State University's Hatfield Marine Science Center FX This project was funded by a grant from the Pollock Conservation Cooperative Research Center to JTM, and grants to TPH from NOAA's Ocean Acidification Research Program. ERF was supported by a Graduate Research Fellowship from the Rasmuson Fisheries Research Center, and a Markham Award from Oregon State University's Hatfield Marine Science Center. NR 68 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 6 U2 93 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 70 IS 4 BP 812 EP 822 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst053 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 173CZ UT WOS:000321057000011 ER PT J AU Busch, DS Harvey, CJ McElhany, P AF Busch, D. Shallin Harvey, Chris J. McElhany, Paul TI Potential impacts of ocean acidification on the Puget Sound food web SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE copepods; Ecopath with Ecosim; ecosystem services; fisheries management; food webs; ocean acidification; trophic cascades ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM MODELS; CO2; CARBON; PH; COMMUNITY; SYSTEM; MANAGEMENT AB Ecosystem impacts of ocean acidification (OA) were explored by imposing scenarios designed to mimic OA on a food web model of Puget Sound, a large estuary in northwestern USA. The productivity of functional groups containing mostly calcifiers was decreased while still allowing other species groups to respond to the scenarios in a dynamic way through indirect effects. Results focus on changes in ecosystem services and structure. Sometimes the direct and indirect effects of OA countered each other due to interactions between predators and prey within the food web, leading to little change in the food web. In other cases, direct and indirect effects caused greater change in the food web than anticipated from direct effects alone. Results were strongly affected by the group on which OA was directly imposed, with changes in copepod productivity being the most influential. While there is much uncertainty in our predictions, focusing on the complex interactions among species, and between species and their environment, will yield better understanding of how ecosystems may respond to OA. C1 [Busch, D. Shallin; Harvey, Chris J.; McElhany, Paul] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Busch, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Shallin.Busch@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program; Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX This project was funded by NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program and Northwest Fisheries Science Center. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 15 U2 158 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 70 IS 4 BP 823 EP 833 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst061 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 173CZ UT WOS:000321057000012 ER PT J AU Bacheler, NM Schobernd, ZH Berrane, DJ Schobernd, CM Mitchell, WA Geraldi, NR AF Bacheler, Nathan M. Schobernd, Zeb H. Berrane, David J. Schobernd, Christina M. Mitchell, Warren A. Geraldi, Nathan R. TI When a trap is not a trap: converging entry and exit rates and their effect on trap saturation of black sea bass (Centropristis striata) SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chevron trap; index of abundance; reef fish; saturate; snapper-grouper ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; SOAK-TIME; CAPTURE PROCESSES; STOCK ASSESSMENT; FISH TRAPS; LOBSTER; REEF; CRAB; CATCHABILITY AB Catch rates are often used to index the abundance of marine organisms, but catch saturation (i.e. declining catch rate as fishing time increases) can decouple catch and abundance. Researchers have struggled to account for saturation when using trap catch to infer population dynamics. We used the underwater video to document entries and exits of black sea bass (Centropristis striata) from chevron traps (n = 26) to quantify catch saturation. Black sea bass catch varied between 3 and 188 individuals for soak times of similar to 90 min. Overall, 3564 black sea bass entered the traps and 1826 exited; therefore, over half (51%) of black sea bass entering traps exited before traps were retrieved. Black sea bass catch rates were non-linear and asymptotic for most (81%) trap samples, despite short soak times. Moreover, catch saturation occurred at 50 min, when the entry rate declined and the exit rate increased to a point where their confidence intervals overlapped. Several lines of evidence suggest that the level of black sea bass catch once saturation occurred may be positively related to true abundance, but additional research is needed to more fully test this hypothesis. C1 [Bacheler, Nathan M.; Schobernd, Zeb H.; Berrane, David J.; Schobernd, Christina M.; Mitchell, Warren A.; Geraldi, Nathan R.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Bacheler, NM (reprint author), NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM nate.bacheler@noaa.gov NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 21 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 70 IS 4 BP 873 EP 882 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst062 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 173CZ UT WOS:000321057000016 ER PT J AU Reddin, DG Hansen, LP Bakkestuen, V Russell, I White, J Potter, ECE Dempson, JB Sheehan, TF Maoileidigh, NO Smith, GW Isaksson, A Jacobsen, JA Fowler, M Mork, KA Amiro, P AF Reddin, David G. Hansen, Lars Petter Bakkestuen, Vegar Russell, Ian White, Jonathan Potter, E. C. E. (Ted) Dempson, J. Brian Sheehan, Timothy F. Maoileidigh, Niall O. Smith, Gordon W. Isaksson, Arni Jacobsen, Jan Arge Fowler, Mark Mork, Kjell Arne Amiro, Peter TI Distribution and biological characteristics of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at Greenland based on the analysis of historical tag recoveries (vol 69, pg 1589, 2013) SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Correction AB Reddin, D. G., Hansen, L. P., Bakkestuen, V., Russell, I., White, J., Potter, E. C. E., Dempson, J. B., Sheehan, T. F., O Maoilidigh, N., Smith, G. W., Isaksson, A., Jacobsen, J. A., Fowler, M., Mork, K. A., and Amiro, P. 2013. Distribution and biological characteristics of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at Greenland based on the analysis of historical tag recoveries. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1589-1597. C1 [Reddin, David G.; Dempson, J. Brian] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. [Hansen, Lars Petter; Bakkestuen, Vegar] NINA, N-0349 Oslo, Norway. [Bakkestuen, Vegar] Univ Oslo, Nat Hist Museum, N-0318 Oslo, Norway. [Russell, Ian; Potter, E. C. E. (Ted)] Cefas, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England. [White, Jonathan; Maoileidigh, Niall O.] Inst Marine, Fisheries Sci Serv, Oranmore, Galway, Ireland. [Sheehan, Timothy F.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Isaksson, Arni] Directorate Fisheries, IS-112 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Jacobsen, Jan Arge] Faroe Marine Res Inst, FO-110 Torrshavn, Faroe Islands, Denmark. [Fowler, Mark] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Mork, Kjell Arne] Inst Marine Res, N-5024 Bergen, Norway. RP Reddin, DG (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, POB 5667, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. EM reddindg@hotmail.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 70 IS 4 BP 914 EP 914 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst069 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 173CZ UT WOS:000321057000021 ER PT J AU Williams, DF Corson, P Sharma, J Krishnaswamy, H Tai, W George, Z Ricketts, D Watson, P Dacquay, E Voinigescu, SP AF Williams, Dylan F. Corson, Phillip Sharma, Jahnavi Krishnaswamy, Harish Tai, Wei George, Zacharias Ricketts, David Watson, Paul Dacquay, Eric Voinigescu, Sorin P. TI Calibration-Kit Design for Millimeter-Wave Silicon Integrated Circuits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Calibration; measurement; millimeter wave; scattering parameters; silicon; transistor; uncertainty; vector network analyzer ID NETWORK-ANALYZER CALIBRATION; ALGORITHM AB We study and present design guidelines for thru-reflect-line vector-network-analyzer calibration kits used for characterizing circuits and transistors fabricated on silicon integrated circuits at millimeter-wave frequencies. We compare contact-pad designs and develop fixed-fill contacts that achieve both repeatable and low contact-pad capacitances. We develop a fill-free and mesh-free transmission line structure for the calibration kit and compare it to similar transmission lines with meshed ground plane. We also develop a gold plating process that greatly improves contact repeatability, permitting the use of redundant multiline calibrations. This in turn simplifies the development of an error analysis. Finally, we apply the technique to state-of-the-art transistor characterization, and present measured results with uncertainties. C1 [Williams, Dylan F.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Corson, Phillip] IBM Semicond Res & Dev Ctr, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. [Sharma, Jahnavi; Krishnaswamy, Harish] Columbia Univ, Dept Elect Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Tai, Wei; George, Zacharias; Ricketts, David] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Watson, Paul] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dacquay, Eric; Voinigescu, Sorin P.] Univ Toronto, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada. RP Williams, DF (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dylan@boulder.nist.gov FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) FX This work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under the ELASTx Program. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 61 IS 7 BP 2685 EP 2694 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2013.2265685 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 175GG UT WOS:000321218300017 ER PT J AU Hu, ZZ Kumar, A Huang, BH Zhu, JS AF Hu, Zeng-Zhen Kumar, Arun Huang, Bohua Zhu, Jieshun TI Leading Modes of the Upper-Ocean Temperature Interannual Variability along the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean in NCEP GODAS SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Ocean dynamics; Sea surface temperature; Climate variability; Tropical variability ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; EL-NINO; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; RECHARGE PARADIGM; NORTH-ATLANTIC; WIND STRESS; PACIFIC AB In this work, the authors analyze the physical mechanisms of interannual variability of the upper-ocean temperature anomaly (OTA) in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, using ocean reanalysis from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Ocean Data Assimilation System. The variability of equatorial Atlantic OTA is dominated by two leading modes. The first mode is characterized by same-sign variation along the thermocline with pronounced amplitude in the central and eastern equatorial Atlantic. This mode represents the modulation of the overall thermocline depth at the equator generated by net heat convergence in the equatorial ocean, with heat content first accumulated mainly in the off-equatorial northwestern Atlantic in response to anomalous wind curl associated with Atlantic meridional mode.The second leading mode shows an opposite variation between the western and eastern Atlantic. This mode is mainly driven by the zonal wind stress fluctuation confined in the southwestern tropical and equatorial Atlantic and reflects the equatorial balanced response between the zonal slope of the equatorial thermocline depth and the atmospheric zonal wind variations with pronounced surface wind and ocean anomalies in the southwestern and equatorial ocean. The different characteristics of these two modes suggest that they may occur independently. In fact, evolution of the two leading modes is approximately in quadrature, and they may also occur in sequence on interannual time scales. The two leading mode-associated air-sea interaction processes suggest that the Atlantic meridional mode and zonal mode are statistically and physically connected in their evolution. C1 [Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Kumar, Arun] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Huang, Bohua] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Huang, Bohua; Zhu, Jieshun] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD USA. RP Hu, ZZ (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM zeng-zhen.hu@noaa.gov RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011; OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400; Zhu, Jieshun/0000-0002-1508-9808 FU COLA omnibus grant from NSF [ATM-0830068]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310058]; NASA [NNX09AN50G] FX We appreciate the constructive suggestions from reviewers and the editor (Dr. Eric Maloney), as well as Drs. Caihong Wen and Hui Wang. We thank the TAO Project Office of NOAA/PMEL for supplying the PIRATA data. B. Huang and J. Zhu are supported by the COLA omnibus grant from NSF (ATM-0830068), NOAA (NA09OAR4310058), and NASA (NNX09AN50G). NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 26 IS 13 BP 4649 EP 4663 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00629.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 175UL UT WOS:000321259000016 ER PT J AU Li, Y Lau, NC AF Li, Ying Lau, Ngar-Cheung TI Influences of ENSO on Stratospheric Variability, and the Descent of Stratospheric Perturbations into the Lower Troposphere SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Annular mode; ENSO; Rossby waves; Stratospheric circulation; Stratophere-troposphere coupling; General circulation models ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; EL-NINO; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; SUDDEN WARMINGS; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; WEATHER REGIMES; MAECHAM5 MODEL AB The linkage between El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) through the stratospheric pathway is examined using a global coupled climate model [GFDL Climate Model version 3 (CM3)], with increased vertical resolution and extent in the stratosphere as compared to an earlier model [GFDL Climate Model version 2 (CM2)]. It is demonstrated that the relationship between ENSO and NAO is stronger in CM3 than in CM2.It is found that ENSO plays an important role in modulating the frequency of occurrence of the stratospheric polar vortex anomalies through enhancement/attenuation of the amplitudes of zonal wavenumbers 1 and 2, especially in late winter. A higher frequency of weak (strong) stratospheric vortex events is simulated in CM3 during El Nino (La Nina) episodes.The weak vortex events during El Nino winters are preceded by enhancement of the zonal wave-1 pattern and weakening of zonal wave-2 pattern. These modified tropospheric planetary waves propagate upward and then weaken the stratospheric polar vortex through eddy-mean flow interaction. The zonal-mean geopotential response in the stratosphere propagates downward and weakens the polar vortex throughout the troposphere.The effects of planetary wave refraction in the upper troposphere on the zonally averaged circulation cells in the tropospheric meridional plane, and the linkage between the lower branches of these cells and the near-surface wind patterns, play an important role in the flow pattern over the region corresponding to the southern lobe of the NAO. Specifically, a negative annular mode and NAO response is discernible in weak stratospheric vortex events during El Nino. Conversely, the positive annular mode and NAO is evident in strong vortex events during La Nina. C1 [Li, Ying] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Lau, Ngar-Cheung] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 3915 W Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM yingli@atmos.colostate.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA08OAR4320752] FX We thank Isaac Held, Dave Thompson, Dennis Hartmann, Lorenzo Polvani, Tiffany Shaw, and Chaim Garfinkel for helpful comments and discussions during the preparation of this manuscript. We would also like to thank the three anonymous referees for their thorough reviews and insightful comments, which have led to considerable improvements in this work. This report was prepared by YL under Award NA08OAR4320752 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 75 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 26 IS 13 BP 4725 EP 4748 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00581.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 175UL UT WOS:000321259000020 ER PT J AU Miller, AS Cadrin, SX Stevens, BG AF Miller, Alicia S. Cadrin, Steven X. Stevens, Bradley G. TI EFFECTS OF EPIZOOTIC SHELL DISEASE ON EGG QUALITY OF THE AMERICAN LOBSTER SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE American lobster; embryonic development; epizootic shell disease; Homarus americanus ID HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; MILNE-EDWARDS; MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; MARINE-INVERTEBRATES; OVIGEROUS LOBSTERS; EASTERN CANADA; RHODE-ISLAND; GRAND-MANAN AB Epizootic shell disease (ESD) of the American lobster, Homarus americanus Milne Edwards, 1837, is of increasing concern, particularly in the southern New England fishery where prevalence is highest. Egg-bearing female lobsters are more susceptible to the disease because many of them molt less frequently when carrying eggs. This study examines the effect of the disease on late-stage embryos through measures of egg quality. Egg samples were taken from ninety lobsters with varying levels of ESD in lower Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound off the coast of Massachusetts, USA. Egg quality was measured with biomass (egg area and dry weight) and biochemical (total carbon and total nitrogen) components. Each response variable was estimated using linear mixed-effects models that included potential covariates as measures of maternal adult lobster size and embryonic development. The effect of disease was significant for all of the response variables, indicating that the presence of the disease correlates with individual egg quality. Counterintuitively, results showed that as disease severity increased, measures of egg quality also increased. Trends showed that light cases of ESD produced similar responses to lobsters with no disease present. Moderate and severe levels of the disease also produced similar results. This could suggest that heavily diseased lobsters are exhibiting energetic trade-offs, investing more energy into reproduction. It is also possible that this trend is the result of other combined effects corresponding to lobster molt cycles, spawning timing, and environmental conditions that also result in the presence of ESD. Effects of the disease on early life history processes could be important considerations for future research on ESD and its effect on the lobster population. C1 [Miller, Alicia S.; Stevens, Bradley G.] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. [Cadrin, Steven X.] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Fairhaven, MA USA. RP Miller, AS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Alicia.Miller@noaa.gov FU Massachusetts Marine Fisheries Institute; Massachusetts Fisheries Recovery Commission; NOAA [NAO5NMF4721132, NA06NMF4720096, NA08NMF4720553] FX We would like to thank Bob Glenn for his helpful discussions on the development of this project along with his support staff, Derek Perry and Steve Wilcox, who assisted in coordinating trips for sample collection. Many thanks to the captain and crew of the F/V Andrea C for their support in our sample collection. We also thank Chris Reddy and Sean Sylva for their help with the biochemical workup of the samples and Steve Correia and Timothy Miller for their analytical assistance. Final thanks to Rich McBride, Jonathan Hare and Jessica Melgey for their helpful comments on an early draft. This work was generously funded by the Massachusetts Marine Fisheries Institute and the Massachusetts Fisheries Recovery Commission. Partial support was also funded by NOAA awards NAO5NMF4721132, NA06NMF4720096 and NA08NMF4720553. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 52 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 EI 1937-240X J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 33 IS 4 BP 461 EP 469 DI 10.1163/1937240X-00002166 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 174OP UT WOS:000321165600002 ER PT J AU Swiney, KM Eckert, GL Kruse, GH AF Swiney, Katherine M. Eckert, Ginny L. Kruse, Gordon H. TI DOES MATERNAL SIZE AFFECT RED KING CRAB, PARALITHODES CAMTSCHATICUS, EMBRYO AND LARVAL QUALITY? SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Bristol Bay; embryo quality; larval quality; maternal size effects; Paralithodes camtschaticus; red king crab ID PROXIMATE BIOCHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; STOCK-RECRUITMENT RELATIONSHIPS; LOBSTER HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; DECAPOD CRUSTACEAN LARVAE; EARLY LIFE-HISTORY; EGG SIZE; FEMALE SIZE; CHASMAGNATHUS-GRANULATA; CHIONOECETES-OPILIO; CANCER-SETOSUS AB Stock assessment of Alaskan red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815), can be improved by incorporating reproductive output, which requires an understanding of maternal size effects on embryo and larval quality. In June 2009 and 2010, we collected clutches of recently extruded red king crab embryos in Bristol Bay, Alaska, to assess embryo quality based on dry weight, carbon and nitrogen content. To assess larval quality, we collected ovigerous females from Bristol Bay in 2007 and reared them in the laboratory until larval hatching in 2008. Larval quality based on dry weight, carbon and nitrogen content, and times to 50% mortality under starvation conditions were assessed. All samples were collected in years that were colder than the 15-year average in the eastern Bering Sea. Among the measures of embryo quality, only nitrogen content was significantly different, increasing with maternal size. Carbon and nitrogen content were significantly higher for embryos in 2009 than in 2010, suggesting inter-annual differences in maternal investment. No effect of maternal size with larval quality was found. Our results indicate that maternal size does not have a biologically significant effect on embryo and larval quality in colder-than-average years, and therefore maternal size effects on embryo and larval quality does not need to be explicitly incorporated into reproductive output estimates in stock assessments under these conditions. We are, however, cautious to extrapolate our results to years with different environmental conditions. Further study is needed to fully resolve the possible interaction of environment with maternal size effects on embryo and larval quality for red king crab. C1 [Swiney, Katherine M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kodiak Lab, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Eckert, Ginny L.; Kruse, Gordon H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Swiney, KM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kodiak Lab, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM Katherine.Swiney@noaa.gov OI Swiney, Katherine/0000-0001-5482-2710 FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [416]; NMFS; Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADFG) FX This project is funded by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB publication number 416), NMFS, and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADFG). We thank NMFS biologists on the trawl surveys, ADFG Shellfish Observer Program personnel, and laboratory technicians for their assistance that made this project possible. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 80 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 20 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 33 IS 4 BP 470 EP 480 DI 10.1163/1937240X-00002162 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 174OP UT WOS:000321165600003 ER PT J AU Martin, J AF Martin, Joshua TI Error Modeling of Seebeck Coefficient Measurements Using Finite-Element Analysis SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Seebeck coefficient; metrology; finite-element analysis; thermoelectric ID THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS AB Using finite-element analysis, we have developed a metrology simulation to model errors in the measurement of the Seebeck coefficient. This physical parameter is the constant of proportionality relating the electric potential generated across a conductor to the applied thermal gradient. Its measurement requires careful attention to the electrical and thermal contact interfaces. Furthermore, it is essential that the electric potential and temperature difference be acquired at the same time and at the same location. We have performed Seebeck coefficient measurement simulations to quantitatively explore the effect of temporal perturbation to the voltage and temperature correspondence, by comparing simultaneous and staggered data acquisition techniques under the quasi-steady-state condition. Using a similar method, we have developed an error model to explore the effect of misalignment between the voltage and temperature probes on the measurement of the Seebeck coefficient. This approach enables the exploration of experimentally inaccessible data spaces under ideal conditions. C1 NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Martin, J (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joshua.martin@nist.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1358 EP 1364 DI 10.1007/s11664-012-2212-5 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 170YJ UT WOS:000320890800012 ER PT J AU Weinstock, J AF Weinstock, Jerome TI Analytical theory of homogeneous mean shear turbulence SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE homogeneous turbulence; Navier-Stokes equations; turbulence theory ID HIGH REYNOLDS-NUMBER; ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; EDDY VISCOSITY; FLOW; APPROXIMATION; DISSIPATION; EVOLUTION; SIMILARITY; SPECTRUM; RANGE AB A compact nonlinear expression for the velocity spectra of homogeneous mean shear flow is derived by means of a simplified two-point closure. It applies to all scales and times. The derived equation can be viewed as a nonlinear extension of the linear, rapid-distortion-theory (RDT) equation. The principal simplification is to model the nonlinear pressure strain rate as first-order in the spectral anisotropy: a spectral Rotta-equation. This simplified equation and its solution are expressed in terms of the RDT solution. That solution helps reveal the role of nonlinearity. An equation for the velocity spectrum is then obtained at all scales and times. A dominant characteristic predicted for nonlinear behaviour is that the turbulence energy grows exponentially with time, with the spectrum simultaneously moving to smaller and smaller wavenumbers. The nonlinear growth rate is determined Other analytical predictions of the derived equation include: the conditions for self-similarity; local isotropy; various properties of mean shear flow, including characteristic energy, length and temporal growth scales; and a critique of perturbation theory. Comparisons are made with laboratory experiments and direct numerical simulations. Although the theory applies to all scales and times, including an exact expression for RDT, the calculations are focused on nonlinear behaviour at large times. Several approximations used in this work are examined. C1 [Weinstock, Jerome] NOAA, Earth Sci Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Weinstock, Jerome] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Weinstock, J (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Sci Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jeromeweinstock@comcast.net NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 727 BP 256 EP 281 DI 10.1017/jfm.2013.13 PG 26 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 180EP UT WOS:000321576600013 ER PT J AU Slattery, O Ma, LJ Kuo, P Kim, YS Tang, X AF Slattery, Oliver Ma, Lijun Kuo, Paulina Kim, Yong-Su Tang, Xiao TI Frequency correlated biphoton spectroscopy using tunable upconversion detector SO LASER PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL MEASUREMENT; WAVE-GUIDE; PHOTONS AB We demonstrate a scheme for frequency correlated biphoton spectroscopy using a strongly non-degenerate downconversion source and a tunable upconversion detector. In this scheme, the spectral function at one wavelength range of a remote object can be reproduced by locally measuring another wavelength range using an upconversion detector and monitoring the coincidence counts. The spectral resolution of the system is better than 0.1 nm, corresponding to the acceptance width of the upconversion detector, while the measurement range is determined by the linewidth of the source. C1 [Slattery, Oliver; Ma, Lijun; Kuo, Paulina; Kim, Yong-Su; Tang, Xiao] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Slattery, O (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xiao.tang@nist.gov NR 11 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1612-2011 EI 1612-202X J9 LASER PHYS LETT JI Laser Phys. Lett. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 10 IS 7 AR 075201 DI 10.1088/1612-2011/10/7/075201 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 166NF UT WOS:000320561000018 ER PT J AU Hutt, CP Hunt, KM Anderson, DK AF Hutt, Clifford Patton Hunt, Kevin M. Anderson, David K. TI Measurement of Angler Catch-Related Attitudes: An Assessment of Model Structure and Metric Invariance SO LEISURE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE catch-related attitudes; confirmatory factor analysis; invariance tests; recreational fishing ID SPECIALIZATION; PARTICIPATION; PERSPECTIVE AB Catch-related attitudes (CRA) are of particular interest to researchers studying the behavior of recreational anglers. This study assessed factorial structure and invariance of two measurement models of CRA using data from a statewide survey of licensed Texas anglers and a follow-up survey of catfish anglers. We determined that a 4-construct model of CRA provided better fit to the data than a 3-construct model, and was configural and metric invariant across gender, ethnic, and angling context groups. While further scale refinement is needed, our results indicate the current model provides unbiased measurement of CRA across a variety of groups and contexts. C1 [Hutt, Clifford Patton; Hunt, Kevin M.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Hutt, CP (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, 1315 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM cliffordhutt@gmail.com NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0400 J9 LEISURE SCI JI Leis. Sci. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 35 IS 4 BP 382 EP 398 DI 10.1080/01490400.2013.797716 PG 17 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA 175NQ UT WOS:000321237800006 ER PT J AU Moore, JE AF Moore, Jeffrey E. TI Management reference points to account for direct and indirect impacts of fishing on marine mammals SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bycatch; carrying capacity; ecosystem approach; potential biological removal; numerical response; prey depletion; reference points; stock assessment ID NUMERICAL RESPONSES; POPULATION-DENSITY; DECIDUOUS FOREST; NATIONAL-PARK; PANTHERA-LEO; PREY; PREDATION; DYNAMICS; WOLVES; POLAND AB Reference points can help implement an ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAF), by establishing precautionary removal limits for nontarget species and target species of ecological importance. PBR (Potential Biological Removal), developed under the U.S. Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA), is a limit for direct mortality for marine mammals, but it does not account for indirect effects of fishing due to prey depletion. I propose a generalization of PBR (called PBR*) to account for plausible changes in marine mammal carrying capacity (K) from prey biomass decline relative to two example benchmarks: SSBMSY (maximum sustainable yield biomass for all known prey species) or SSBK (unfished prey biomass). PBR* can help identify when indirect fishing effects (alone, or combination with direct mortality estimates) may stymie MMPA objectives, and could inform catch limit estimates for target species that are also important as marine mammal prey. As a case study, I applied PBR* estimates to evaluate the possible combined direct + indirect effects of fishing on cetaceans in northeastern U.S. waters. Estimated distributions for K were based on fish stock assessments and meta-analysis of predator-prey relationships from the mammalian literature. Based on this analysis, increased risk of marine mammal depletion due to indirect fishing effects was not evident, although this result must be interpreted cautiously given our limited understanding of cetacean diets and marine trophic dynamics. This study is intended to illustrate a possible practical approach for incorporating indirect fisheries impacts on marine mammals into a comprehensive management framework, and it raises several scientific and policy issues that merit further investigation. C1 [Moore, Jeffrey E.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Moore, Jeffrey E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Moore, JE (reprint author), Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM jeff.e.moore@noaa.gov FU United States Marine Mammal Commission FX I thank A. Read, J. Barlow, B. Taylor, R. Merrick, T. Gerrodette, D. Laist, A. MacCall, D. DeMaster, and anonymous reviewers for their comments to improve the original manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the United States Marine Mammal Commission. Any opinions, findings or conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Marine Mammal Commission. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 29 IS 3 BP 446 EP 473 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00586.x PG 28 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 179CP UT WOS:000321496100013 ER PT J AU Pierszalowski, SP Ferrari, M Glockner-Ferrari, D Mizroch, S Clapham, PJ Dickerson, BR AF Pierszalowski, S. P. Ferrari, M. Glockner-Ferrari, D. Mizroch, S. Clapham, P. J. Dickerson, B. R. TI Investigating the feasibility of using DNA from sloughed skin for individual identification and kinship analysis in humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; KILLER WHALES; SOFTWARE; GENETICS; SAMPLES C1 [Pierszalowski, S. P.; Mizroch, S.; Clapham, P. J.; Dickerson, B. R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Ferrari, M.; Glockner-Ferrari, D.] Ctr Whale Studies, Maui, HI 96767 USA. RP Pierszalowski, SP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM soph.penny@gmail.com RI Mizroch, Sally/M-6084-2016 OI Mizroch, Sally/0000-0002-1736-5909 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 29 IS 3 BP 533 EP 541 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00580.x PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 179CP UT WOS:000321496100017 ER PT J AU Cholewiak, DM Sousa-Lima, RS Cerchio, S AF Cholewiak, Danielle M. Sousa-Lima, Renata S. Cerchio, Salvatore TI Humpback whale song hierarchical structure: Historical context and discussion of current classification issues SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE humpback whale; Megaptera novaeangliae; song structure; song classification; eventual variety; avian song ID WREN THRYOTHORUS-PLEUROSTICTUS; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; SEQUENTIAL ORGANIZATION; SPARROWS; HAWAIIAN; SIGNAL; SCALE; OCEAN AB Consistent and well-defined criteria for the classification and measurement of humpback whale song features are essential for robust comparisons between investigators. Song structure terminology has been well-established and used by many authors, though at times inconsistently. This review discusses the development of the nomenclature describing humpback song and explores the potential significance of the often-overlooked variation in song patterns. Within the hierarchical definition of humpback song, the most problematic issues arise from the inconsistent delineation of phrase types, and the use of the metric of song duration without regards to variability in thematic sequence. With regards to the former, a set of guidelines is suggested to facilitate consistent delineation of phrases. With regards to the latter, current research demonstrates that the song duration metric has resulted in the disregard of variability at this level, which is more widespread than traditionally reported. An exemplar case is used to highlight the problem inherent in defining and measuring song duration. Humpback song is evaluated within the framework of avian songbird research, and a shift in analysis paradigm is recommended, towards phrase-based analyses in which sequences of phrases are treated as a salient feature of song pattern. C1 [Cholewiak, Danielle M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Cholewiak, Danielle M.; Sousa-Lima, Renata S.] Cornell Univ, Bioacoust Res Program, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Sousa-Lima, Renata S.] Cornell Univ, Field Zool, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Sousa-Lima, Renata S.] Inst Baleia Jubarte, BR-45900 Caravelas, BA, Brazil. [Cerchio, Salvatore] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Global Conservat, Ocean Giants Program, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. RP Cholewiak, DM (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, Protected Species Branch, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM danielle.cholewiak@noaa.gov RI Sousa-Lima, Renata/O-7550-2015 OI Sousa-Lima, Renata/0000-0002-2638-1695 FU EPA STAR fellowship; Brazilian Government [CAPES BEX 1523-01-5]; Society for Marine Mammalogy; Animal Behavior Society's Cetacean Behavior and Conservation Award; Petroleo Brasileiro S.A.; Canon National Parks Science Scholars Program FX The authors would like to thank Christopher Clark and Sandra Vehrencamp for their mentorship and many fruitful discussions that contributed to ideas captured in this manuscript. We would also like to sincerely acknowledge the many staff of the Bioacoustics Research Program; without their help, much of the work highlighted in this paper would not have been possible. Many of the initial ideas also evolved through the influences of Robert Payne and Donald Kroodsma. For assistance in the field off the Brazilian coast, we thank the Brazilian Navy, Instituto Baleia Jubarte, the assitants Alexandre Paro, Marcia Freitas Araujo, Lucas Goulart Collares, and Bruna Mazoni Guerra, the boat captains Roberto Caconia Fortes and Carlo D'Angelo, and the crews of the boats Tomara, Coronado and Piloto. For assistance in the field and laboratory related to data collected off Isla Socorro, Mexico, we thank Sergio Martinez Aguilar, Hiram Rosales Nanduca, Sandra Smith Aguilar, Carlos Lopez Montalvo, Gloria Panecatl, Tom Turowski, Joe Kaplan, Melissa Crawford, Jenny Gerding, Axa Brambila Villasenor, and Risa Kohara. The authors would also like to extend a special thanks to Jeff Jacobsen, Jorge Urban-Ramirez and to the Armada de Mexico for making the work at Isla Socorro possible. Sandra Smith Aguilar, Stephen Morreale, Milo Richmond and John Hermanson provided helpful comments on early versions of this manuscript. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on this manuscript. Funding and support were provided by the EPA STAR fellowship (funding provided to DMC), Brazilian Government (CAPES BEX 1523-01-5 scholarship to RSSL), the Society for Marine Mammalogy's Grant-in-Aid of Research, the Animal Behavior Society's Cetacean Behavior and Conservation Award (to both DMC and RSSL); Petroleo Brasileiro S.A., and The Canon National Parks Science Scholars Program. NR 75 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 9 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 29 IS 3 BP E312 EP E332 DI 10.1111/mms.12005 PG 21 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 179CP UT WOS:000321496100007 ER PT J AU Truong, GW Douglass, KO Maxwell, SE van Zee, RD Plusquellic, DF Hodges, JT Long, DA AF Truong, G. -W. Douglass, K. O. Maxwell, S. E. van Zee, R. D. Plusquellic, D. F. Hodges, J. T. Long, D. A. TI Frequency-agile, rapid scanning spectroscopy SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID CAVITY RINGDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; MODE-BY-MODE; DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; BREATH ANALYSIS; LASER; ABSORPTION; SPECTROMETER; NOISE AB Challenging applications in trace gas measurements require low uncertainty and high acquisition rates(1-4). Many cavityenhanced spectroscopies exhibit significant sensitivity and potential(5,6), but their scanning rates are limited by reliance on either mechanical or thermal frequency tuning(7). Here, we present frequency-agile, rapid scanning spectroscopy (FARS) in which a high-bandwidth electro-optic modulator steps a selected laser sideband to successive optical cavity modes. This approach involves no mechanical motion and allows for a scanning rate of 8 kHz per cavity mode, a rate that is limited only by the cavity response time itself. Unlike rapidly frequency-swept techniques(8-11), FARS does not reduce the measurement duty cycle, degrade the spectrum's frequency axis or require an unusual cavity configuration. FARS allows for a sensitivity of similar to 2 x 10(-12) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2) and a tuning range exceeding 70 GHz. This technique shows promise for fast and sensitive trace gas measurements and studies of chemical kinetics. C1 [Truong, G. -W.; Douglass, K. O.; Maxwell, S. E.; van Zee, R. D.; Plusquellic, D. F.; Hodges, J. T.; Long, D. A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Truong, G. -W.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Phys, Frequency Stand & Metrol Res Grp, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. RP Truong, GW (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.plusquellic@nist.gov; david.long@nist.gov FU NIST Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Climate Research Program; NIST by an Australian Fulbright Fellowship FX Support for this research was provided by the NIST Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Climate Research Program. G-W. Truong was supported at NIST by an Australian Fulbright Fellowship. NR 23 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 46 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD JUL PY 2013 VL 7 IS 7 BP 532 EP 534 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2013.98 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 172GR UT WOS:000320988900012 ER PT J AU Venerus, LA Ciancio, JE Riva-Rossi, C Gilbert-Horvath, EA Gosztonyi, AE Garza, JC AF Venerus, Leonardo A. Ciancio, Javier E. Riva-Rossi, Carla Gilbert-Horvath, Elizabeth A. Gosztonyi, Atila E. Garza, John Carlos TI Genetic structure and different color morphotypes suggest the occurrence and bathymetric segregation of two incipient species of Sebastes off Argentina SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Article DE Sebastidae; Phylogeography; Rocky reef fish; Incomplete reproductive isolation; Incipient speciation; Morphotypes ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA SEQUENCES; REDFISH GENUS SEBASTES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MARINE FISH; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; INTROGRESSIVE HYBRIDIZATION; ROCKFISH; SCORPAENIDAE; ATLANTIC; TELEOSTEI AB Rockfishes of the genus Sebastes are extensively distributed in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Although the occurrence of two morphologically similar species in the Southern Hemisphere, Sebastes oculatus and Sebastes capensis, is now clearly established, the taxonomic status and phylogeographic patterns for the genus in the region have not yet been completely resolved. In this study, we provide new insights into the taxonomy and evolutionary relationships of rockfishes inhabiting the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of mainland Argentina, by combining mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences, microsatellite data, and color pattern analyses. Differences in coloration ("dark" and "light" fish) together with bathymetric segregation between color morphotypes were evident from fish collection and literature review. In addition, the mtDNA phylogenetic analysis and Bayesian clustering analysis using microsatellite data separated the fish into two distinct groups (F (ST) = 0.041), most likely representing incipient species. Our results suggest that speciation-by-depth in the absence of physical barriers could be a widespread mechanism of speciation in Sebastes from both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Nevertheless, the degree of genetic differentiation found, added to the large number of individuals displaying high levels of admixture, points to the occurrence of incomplete reproductive barriers between color morphotypes. Beyond the taxonomic and phylogeographic implications of our findings, the occurrence of distinct groups of Sebastes off the coast of Argentina being targeted by different fisheries (angling and trawling) has consequences for the design and implementation of appropriate fishery regulations to avoid overharvest of either group. C1 [Venerus, Leonardo A.; Ciancio, Javier E.; Riva-Rossi, Carla; Gosztonyi, Atila E.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient Tecn CENPA CONICET, Ctr Nacl Patagon, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina. [Gilbert-Horvath, Elizabeth A.; Garza, John Carlos] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Venerus, LA (reprint author), Consejo Nacl Invest Cient Tecn CENPA CONICET, Ctr Nacl Patagon, Blvd Brown 2915 U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina. EM leo@cenpat.edu.ar FU ANPCyT [PICT 2006-1468]; CONICET [PIP 2010-2012]; Secretaria de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion de la Provincia de Chubut FX We thank "Gringo" Durbas, M. San Emeterio, D. Galvan, M. Delpiani, C. Fulvio Perez, P. Useglio, G. Trobbiani, M. Trivellini, L. Rojas, L. Getino, M. Lopez, L. Villanueva, J. Lancelotti, R. Kosaka, V. Apkenas, C. Columbus, R. Diaz, and the crew and scientific staff on board R/V "Puerto Deseado" for their help in the field or in the laboratory and/or for sample collection. Y. Huenchual, R. Huenchul, and E. Bahamonde helped us during the monitoring of Fiesta Nacional del Salmon de Mar (Camarones). N. Basso and M. Iglesias collaborated in mtDNA sequencing. We greatly appreciate the comments, photographs, and additional data generously provided by A. Rocha-Olivares, W. Eschmeyer, Y. Kai, J. Hyde, N. Muto, P. Heemstra, A. Irigoyen, "Lobo" Orensanz, D. Fernandez, N. Bovcon, G. Piacentino, H. Lopez, P. Toledo, E. Niklitschek, and M. Ehrlich. E. Crandall, the editor, and three anonymous reviewers made useful comments on an earlier version of the article. This work was supported by grants from the ANPCyT (PICT 2006-1468) and CONICET (PIP 2010-2012) (both granted to LAV) and from Secretaria de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion de la Provincia de Chubut 2010-2011 (granted to P. Useglio, UNPSJB). Field work was partially conducted within a World Natural Heritage Site and authorized by Direccion General de Conservacion de Areas Protegidas del Chubut. NR 82 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0028-1042 EI 1432-1904 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD JUL PY 2013 VL 100 IS 7 BP 645 EP 658 DI 10.1007/s00114-013-1061-2 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 173FN UT WOS:000321063600005 PM 23728201 ER PT J AU Perry, DM Redman, DH Mercaldo-Allen, R Kuropat, CA Widman, JC AF Perry, Dean M. Redman, Dylan H. Mercaldo-Allen, Renee Kuropat, Catherine A. Widman, James C., Jr. TI Growth of Juvenile Scup Fed Two Commercial Diets SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN; FINGERLINGS AB Juvenile Scup Stenotomus chrysops 0.35-0.95g were fed two different commercial diets for 9 weeks to determine growth rates. Diets were hand-distributed to four replicate groups of 45 fish, four times a day. Survival among all treatments was high (90.0-92.5%), and both diets supported good growth. After five weeks, Scup fed diet 1 were significantly greater in length and weight than fish fed diet 2. These differences remained significant throughout the rest of the study. Specific growth rate (SGR) values were 5.8%/d for fish fed diet 1 and 5.5%/d for diet 2, while feed conversion ratios (FCR) were 1.22 for diet 1 and 1.25 for diet 2. Relative growth rate (RGR) values were diet 1 = 3,689% and diet 2 = 3,077%, and daily weight gain (DWG) values were diet 1 = 0.38g/d and diet 2 = 0.31g/d. Scup fed diet 1 had significantly greater final live weight, total length, weight gain, SGR, RGR, and DWG measurements than did fish fed diet 2. Juvenile Scup exhibited high growth rates and low feed conversion ratios when fed the two commercial diets, identifying them as a strong candidate species for commercial aquaculture. Received December 19, 2012; accepted March 5, 2013 C1 [Perry, Dean M.; Redman, Dylan H.; Mercaldo-Allen, Renee; Kuropat, Catherine A.; Widman, James C., Jr.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Perry, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM dean.perry@noaa.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 75 IS 3 BP 352 EP 355 DI 10.1080/15222055.2013.786007 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 180PV UT WOS:000321608000003 ER PT J AU Lee, CO Arge, CN Odstrcil, D Millward, G Pizzo, V Quinn, JM Henney, CJ AF Lee, C. O. Arge, C. N. Odstrcil, D. Millward, G. Pizzo, V. Quinn, J. M. Henney, C. J. TI Ensemble Modeling of CME Propagation SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Coronal mass ejections, modeling; Solar wind, modeling; Solar wind, observations ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; CONE MODEL; INTERPLANETARY; FLUX AB The current progression toward solar maximum provides a unique opportunity to use multi-perspective spacecraft observations together with numerical models to better understand the evolution and propagation of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Of interest to both the scientific and forecasting communities are the Earth-directed "halo" CMEs, since they typically produce the most geoeffective events. However, determining the actual initial geometries of halo CMEs is a challenge due to the plane-of-sky projection effects. Thus the recent 15 February 2011 halo CME event has been selected for this study. During this event the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) A and B spacecraft were fortuitously located similar to aEuro parts per thousand 90A degrees away from the Sun-Earth line such that the CME was viewed as a limb event from these two spacecraft, thereby providing a more reliable constraint on the initial CME geometry. These multi-perspective observations were utilized to provide a simple geometrical description that assumes a cone shape for a CME to calculate its angular width and central position. The event was simulated using the coupled Wang-Sheeley-Arge (WSA)-Enlil 3D numerical solar corona-solar wind model. Daily updated global photospheric magnetic field maps were used to drive the background solar wind. To improve our modeling techniques, the sensitivity of the modeled CME arrival times to the initial input CME geometry was assessed by creating an ensemble of numerical simulations based on multiple sets of cone parameters for this event. It was found that the accuracy of the modeled arrival times not only depends on the initial input CME geometry, but also on the accuracy of the modeled solar wind background, which is driven by the input maps of the photospheric field. To improve the modeling of the background solar wind, the recently developed data-assimilated magnetic field synoptic maps produced by the Air Force Data Assimilative Photospheric flux Transport (ADAPT) model were used. The ADAPT maps provide a more instantaneous snapshot of the global photospheric field distribution than that provided by traditional daily updated synoptic maps. Using ADAPT to drive the background solar wind, an ensemble set of eight different CME arrival times was generated, where the spread in the predictions was similar to aEuro parts per thousand 13 hours and was nearly centered on the observed CME shock arrival time. C1 [Lee, C. O.; Arge, C. N.; Quinn, J. M.; Henney, C. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Odstrcil, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Millward, G.; Pizzo, V.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lee, CO (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. EM cleevantilborg@gmail.com OI Lee, Christina/0000-0002-1604-3326 FU NASA; NSF; USAF; National Research Council Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate in Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors thank the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) and National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) for providing the OMNI data and OMNIWeb access, the National Solar Observatory Global Oscillation Network Group for providing access to their magnetogram and synoptic map data sets, and the agencies sponsoring these archives (NASA, NSF, USAF). The authors would like to acknowledge that SOHO is a project of international cooperation between the European Space Agency and NASA. In addition, the authors wish to express thanks to Drs. Joan Burkepile and Doug Biesecker for discussions regarding the complexities of characterizing halo CMEs from line-of-sight white light coronagraph images.; This research was performed while Christina O. Lee held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate in Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico and is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 37 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 285 IS 1-2 BP 349 EP 368 DI 10.1007/s11207-012-9980-1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 138OS UT WOS:000318518600020 ER PT J AU Dong, S Striegel, AM AF Dong, Shen Striegel, Andre M. TI Size-Exclusion Chromatography of Asphaltenes: An Experimental Comparison of Commonly Used Approaches SO CHROMATOGRAPHIA LA English DT Article DE Size-exclusion chromatography; Asphaltenes; Experimental comparison; Challenges ID GEL PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT AB Asphaltenes, the heaviest and most polar fraction of crude oil, are responsible for the clogging of oil pipelines and of underground reservoir rocks. Asphaltenes are defined as a solubility class (toluene- or benzene-soluble, n-alkane insoluble), and a consensus is still lacking on the molar mass (M) averages, distribution, and range of these materials. Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) is among the most widely employed methods for characterizing the M averages and distributions of both natural and synthetic polymers and, as such, has seen widespread application in the study of asphaltenes. SEC analysis of asphaltenes presents a number of challenges, however, some inherent to all low-M materials and some unique to these particular analytes. Here, we have experimentally compared several of the most commonly used approaches to SEC of asphaltenes, in hope of both demonstrating the influence of experimental conditions upon the results obtained as well as to determine optimal conditions of analysis. In the end, while the former goal was met, the latter one remains an open challenge in the field. C1 [Dong, Shen] Florida State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Dong, Shen] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Striegel, Andre M.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RP Striegel, AM (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr MS 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. EM andre.striegel@nist.gov NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 27 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0009-5893 J9 CHROMATOGRAPHIA JI Chromatographia PD JUL PY 2013 VL 76 IS 13-14 BP 725 EP 733 DI 10.1007/s10337-013-2472-0 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 171VV UT WOS:000320959000001 ER PT J AU Keller, AA Bradburn, MJ Simon, VH AF Keller, Aimee A. Bradburn, Mark J. Simon, Victor H. TI Shifts in condition and distribution of eastern North Pacific flatfish along the US west coast (2003-2010) SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Condition; Distribution; Flatfish; California Current System; Groundfish survey; Biomass; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; Multivariate ENSO Index; North Pacific Gyre Oscillation ID CLIMATE-OCEAN VARIABILITY; CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; COD GADUS-MORHUA; FISH ASSEMBLAGE; MARINE FISHES; SEA; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY; SALMON; PATTERNS AB Flatfish condition indices and distribution were examined along the U.S. west coast (55-1280 m) in relation to environmental variability and biomass using data from ten frequently occurring species collected in annual groundfish surveys from 2003 to 2010. The study was conducted during a period characterized by a cooling trend in the northern California Current system and by declining biomass for flatfish in general. Annual condition indices for six species (arrowtooth flounder, Dover sole, English sole, Pacific sanddab, petrale sole, and rex sole) were significantly related either to large-scale climatic indices (Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Multivariate El Nino-Southern Oscillation Index, North Pacific Gyre Oscillation) and/or annual biomass levels. Condition was most closely related to environmental effects rather than either biomass alone or both variables, with condition typically higher during cool climatic conditions. A similar analysis revealed that changes in distribution (measured as variation in annual catch-weighted mean latitude, longitude, depth and temperature) tended to be best described by models incorporating environmental effects and biomass rather than either variable alone. Linear trends in the center of distribution along a southeast northwest axis were significant for seven species (arrowtooth flounder, deepsea sole, Dover sole, flathead sole, Pacific sanddab, petrale sole, and slender sole) with a tendency for flatfish to be displaced towards the southeast as environmental conditions shifted from warm to cooler conditions and biomass declined. A spatial distribution analysis indicated that for the majority of species (80%) the greatest magnitude of displacement (km) occurred when the centers of biomass were compared between environmental phases (average annual displacement 34 km) rather than changing biomass levels (average displacement 24 km). Taken together both approaches revealed that environmental changes and variation in biomass play significant roles in flatfish distribution. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Keller, Aimee A.; Bradburn, Mark J.; Simon, Victor H.] NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Keller, AA (reprint author), NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Aimee.Keller@noaa.gov NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 77 BP 23 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2013.03.003 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 165OV UT WOS:000320494100003 ER PT J AU Siegel, V Reiss, CS Dietrich, KS Haraldsson, M Rohardt, G AF Siegel, Volker Reiss, Christian S. Dietrich, Kimberly S. Haraldsson, Matilda Rohardt, Gerhard TI Distribution and abundance of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) along the Antarctic Peninsula SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Southern Ocean; Antarctic krill; Large-scale distribution; Geographical zonation; Demography; Recruitment ID SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIABILITY; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PALMER LTER; FOOD-WEB; SEA-ICE; WEST AB Net-based data on the abundance, distribution, and demographic patterns of Antarctic krill are quantified from a contemporaneous two ship survey of the Antarctic Peninsula during austral summer 2011. Two survey areas were sampled focussed on Marguerite Bay in the south, and the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula in the north. Data from 177 stations showed that the highest concentrations of krill were found in the southern sampling area. Differences between areas were associated with a few large catches of one year old krill found in anomalously warm and productive waters in Marguerite Bay, and small krill catches in the less-productive, offshore waters in the north. Estimated krill density across the survey area was 3.4 krill m(-2), and was low compared to the long-term average of 45 krill m(-2) for the Elephant Island area. Overall recruitment between the two survey regions was similar, but per capita recruitment was about 60% lower than historical mean recruitment levels measured at Elephant Island since the late 1970s. Demographic patterns showed small krill concentrated near the coast, and large krill concentrated offshore on the shelf and slope all along the survey area. The offshore distribution of adult krill was delineated by the warm (similar to 1 degrees C), low salinity (33.8) water at 30 m, suggesting that most krill were present shoreward of the southern boundary of Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front. Distributions of larvae indicated that three hotspot areas were important for the production of krill: slope areas outside Marguerite Bay and north of the South Shetland Islands, and near the coast around Antarctic Sound. Successful spawning, as inferred from larval abundance, was roughly coincident with the shelf break and not with inshore waters. Given the rapid changes in climate along the Antarctic Peninsula and the lower per capita recruitment observed in recent years, studies comparing and contrasting production, growth, and recruitment across the Peninsula will be critical to better understand how climate change will impact krill populations and their dependent predators in the Scotia Sea. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Siegel, Volker] Thunen Inst Seefischerei, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany. [Reiss, Christian S.; Dietrich, Kimberly S.] NOAA, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Haraldsson, Matilda] Dept Marine Ecol Kristineberg, S-56645034 Kristineberg, Fiskebackskil, Sweden. [Rohardt, Gerhard] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. RP Siegel, V (reprint author), Thunen Inst Seefischerei, Palmaille 9, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany. EM volker.siegel@ti.bund.de NR 68 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 75 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 77 BP 63 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2013.02.005 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 165OV UT WOS:000320494100006 ER PT J AU Ma, L Guess, PC Zhang, Y AF Ma, Li Guess, Petra C. Zhang, Yu TI Load-bearing properties of minimal-invasive monolithic lithium disilicate and zirconia occlusal onlays: Finite element and theoretical analyses SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Load-bearing capacity; Monolithic ceramic restorations; Lithium disilicate; Zirconia; Flexural fracture ID BRITTLE-COATING STRUCTURES; CAD/CAM COMPOSITE RESIN; ALL-CERAMIC MATERIALS; LAYER STRUCTURES; STRESS-DISTRIBUTION; ENAMEL THICKNESS; RELATIVE TRANSLUCENCY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FRACTURE-RESISTANCE; PREPARATION DESIGNS AB Objective. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that monolithic lithium disilicate glass-ceramic occlusal onlay can exhibit a load-bearing capacity that approaches monolithic zirconia, due to a smaller elastic modulus mismatch between the lithium disilicate and its supporting tooth structure relative to zirconia. Methods. Ceramic occlusal onlays of various thicknesses cemented to either enamel or dentin were considered. Occlusal load was applied through an enamel-like deformable indenter or a control rigid indenter. Flexural tensile stress at the ceramic intaglio (cementation) surface-a cause for bulk fracture of occlusal onlays-was rigorously analyzed using finite element analysis and classical plate-on-foundation theory. Results. When bonded to enamel (supported by dentin), the load-bearing capacity of lithium disilicate can approach 75% of that of zirconia, despite the flexural strength of lithium disilicate (400 MPa) being merely 40% of zirconia (1000 MPa). When bonded to dentin (with the enamel completely removed), the load-bearing capacity of lithium disilicate is about 57% of zirconia, still significantly higher than the anticipated value based on its strength. Both ceramics show slightly higher load-bearing capacity when loaded with a deformable indenter (enamel, glass-ceramic, or porcelain) rather than a rigid indenter. Significance. When supported by enamel, the load-bearing property of minimally invasive lithium disilicate occlusal onlays (0.6-1.4 mm thick) can exceed 70% of that of zirconia. Additionally, a relatively weak dependence of fracture load on restoration thickness indicates that a 1.2 mm thin lithium disilicate onlay can be as fracture resistant as its 1.6 mm counterpart. (C) 2013 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Yu] NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Biomat & Biomimet, New York, NY 10010 USA. [Ma, Li] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guess, Petra C.] Univ Freiburg, Sch Dent, Dept Prosthodont, Freiburg, Germany. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Biomat & Biomimet, 345 East 24th St,Room 813C, New York, NY 10010 USA. EM yz21@nyu.edu FU United States National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [2R01 DE017925]; National Science Foundation [CMMI-0758530] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. B. Hu and Mr. J.C. DiMaggio for preparing the cross-sectional molar image. Valuable discussions with Profs. M. Pines, R. D. Trushkowsky, and S. B. David are appreciated. Funding was provided by the United States National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (Grant 2R01 DE017925) and the National Science Foundation (Grant CMMI-0758530). NR 60 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 EI 1879-0097 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 29 IS 7 BP 742 EP 751 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2013.04.004 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 169FP UT WOS:000320764800007 PM 23683531 ER PT J AU Schofield, G Dimadi, A Fossette, S Katselidis, KA Koutsoubas, D Lilley, MKS Luckman, A Pantis, JD Karagouni, AD Hays, GC AF Schofield, Gail Dimadi, Alexandra Fossette, Sabrina Katselidis, Kostas A. Koutsoubas, Drosos Lilley, Martin K. S. Luckman, Adrian Pantis, John D. Karagouni, Amalia D. Hays, Graeme C. TI Satellite tracking large numbers of individuals to infer population level dispersal and core areas for the protection of an endangered species SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Adaptive behaviour; conservation management; dispersal; predictive models; sample size; spatial ecology; telemetry ID LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; CARETTA-CARETTA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; BREEDING AGGREGATION; CHELONIA-MYDAS; ADRIATIC SEA; CONSERVATION; MIGRATION; TELEMETRY AB Aim Tracking the dispersal patterns and habitat use of migratory species is necessary to delineate optimal areas for protection, with large sample sizes being more representative of the population. Here, we examine the dispersal patterns of a key Mediterranean loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) breeding population to identify priority foraging sites for protection. Location Zakynthos Island, Greece and the wider Mediterranean. Method We examined the dispersal patterns and foraging sites of 75 adult loggerheads (n=38 males and 37 females) tracked from the breeding area of Zakynthos Island (Greece) from 2004 to 2011. We then combined our data with published sea turtle literature to identify key foraging sites for protection. Results While both males and females exhibited similar dispersal patterns, about 25% males remained <100km of Zakynthos, whereas all females (except one) migrated >200km. Integration of our data with the wider literature isolated 10 core sites in proximity to existing protected areas, which could potentially protect 64% of the Zakynthos population, while five sites support individuals from at least 10 other loggerhead breeding populations. Main conclusions Due to the widespread availability of neritic foraging grounds across the Mediterranean, sea turtles from Zakynthos exhibit disparate dispersal patterns. However, protecting only a few objectively defined important sites can encompass a large proportion of the foraging areas used and hence have considerable conservation benefit. C1 [Schofield, Gail; Fossette, Sabrina; Lilley, Martin K. S.; Hays, Graeme C.] Swansea Univ, Dept Biosci, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Dimadi, Alexandra; Katselidis, Kostas A.; Koutsoubas, Drosos] Natl Marine Pk Zakynthos, GR-29100 Zakynthos, Greece. [Fossette, Sabrina] NOAA, Div Environm Res, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Katselidis, Kostas A.] Univ Ioannina, Dept Environm & Nat Resources Management, GR-30100 Agrinion, Greece. [Koutsoubas, Drosos] Univ Aegean, Dept Marine Sci, Mitilini 81100, Greece. [Lilley, Martin K. S.] Aix Marseille Univ, Mediterraneen Inst Oceanog, F-13288 Marseille 9, France. [Luckman, Adrian] Swansea Univ, Dept Geog, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. [Pantis, John D.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Sch Biol, Dept Ecol, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. [Karagouni, Amalia D.] Univ Athens, Microbiol Grp, Fac Biol, Dept Bot, Athens 15781, Greece. [Hays, Graeme C.] Deakin Univ, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Ctr Integrat Ecol, Warrnambool, Vic 3280, Australia. RP Schofield, G (reprint author), Swansea Univ, Dept Biosci, Singleton Pk, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. EM g.schof@gmail.com RI Lilley, Martin/D-7482-2011; OI Lilley, Martin/0000-0002-5870-3898; Katselidis, Kostas/0000-0001-9845-7444; Schofield, Gail/0000-0002-8438-4181; Luckman, Adrian/0000-0002-9618-5905 FU AXA Research Fund; Boyd Lyon Sea Turtle Fund; British Chelonia Group; People's Trust for Endangered Species; Project Aware; Swansea University; Thermadap FX The authors thank the National Marine Park of Zakynthos (NMPZ) for the permission to conduct this research, and the sponsors of the Management Agent's termed Caretta's Odyssey which spanned 2008 to 2010 for 25 transmitters. The 32 Swansea University transmitters were financed by the AXA Research Fund, Boyd Lyon Sea Turtle Fund, British Chelonia Group, People's Trust for Endangered Species, Project Aware, Swansea University and Thermadap. We thank Suzanne Bevan, who pre-processed the MODIS SST product. We thank the many people who provided in-water capture assistance, including the NMPZ coast guards. We acknowledge use of the Maptool program (http://www.seaturtle.org). NR 63 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 95 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 19 IS 7 BP 834 EP 844 DI 10.1111/ddi.12077 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 163HU UT WOS:000320327500017 ER PT J AU Weng, FZ Yang, H Zou, XL AF Weng, Fuzhong Yang, Hu Zou, Xiaolei TI On Convertibility From Antenna to Sensor Brightness Temperature for ATMS SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Antenna pattern; Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS); pitchover maneuver; Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) AB The Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite is a total power radiometer and scans across the track within a range of +/- 52.77 degrees from nadir. It has 22 channels and measures the microwave radiation at either quasi-vertical or quasi-horizontal polarization from the Earth's atmosphere. Without simultaneous measurements at both polarizations at the same frequency, the conversion from ATMS antenna temperature to sensor brightness temperature becomes nonunique if the antenna subsystem has a significant spillover from cross-polarization. In addition, the antenna temperature could be contributed from both the near-and far-field radiation through the sidelobes of the ATMS antenna subsystem. An analysis of the ATMS antenna gain measurements reveals that the efficiencies of both ATMS antenna sidelobes and cross-polarization are frequency dependent. From the ATMS pitchover maneuver data, it is found that the contributions of spacecraft radiation through the near-field sidelobes are significant and dominates the scan-angle-dependent features in the ATMS antenna temperatures. A theoretical model is developed for the conversion from antenna to sensor brightness temperatures, which incorporates the angular dependent terms derived from the pitchover maneuver data. C1 [Weng, Fuzhong] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Yang, Hu] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zou, Xiaolei] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Weng, FZ (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Washington, DC USA. EM Fuzhong.Weng@noaa.gov RI Yang, Hu (Tiger)/A-4483-2014; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2010CB951600] FX The work of H. Yang and X. Zou was supported by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology under Project 2010CB951600. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of NOAA. NR 7 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 10 IS 4 BP 771 EP 775 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2012.2223193 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 168QJ UT WOS:000320720300003 ER PT J AU Li, YG Zhang, GF Doviak, RJ Saxion, DS AF Li, Yinguang Zhang, Guifu Doviak, Richard J. Saxion, Darcy S. TI Scan-to-Scan Correlation of Weather Radar Signals to Identify Ground Clutter SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian methods; classification algorithms; correlation; detection algorithms; meteorological radar; radar clutter ID NONPRECIPITATING ECHOES; ANOMALOUS PROPAGATION; IDENTIFICATION; CLASSIFICATION; ALGORITHM; WSR-88D; REMOVAL AB The scan-to-scan correlation method to discriminate weather signals from ground clutter, described in this letter, takes advantage of the fact that the correlation time of radar echoes from hydrometeors is typically much shorter than that from ground objects. In this letter, the scan-to-scan correlation method is applied to data from the WSR-88D, and its results are compared with those produced by the WSR-88D's ground clutter detector. A subjective comparison with an operational clutter detection algorithm used on the network of weather radars shows that the scan-to-scan correlation method produces a similar clutter field but presents clutter locations with higher spatial resolution. C1 [Li, Yinguang; Doviak, Richard J.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Li, Yinguang; Zhang, Guifu] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Zhang, Guifu] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Doviak, Richard J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Doviak, Richard J.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Saxion, Darcy S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Radar Operat Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Li, YG (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM guzhang1@ou.edu RI Zhang, Guifu/M-3178-2014 OI Zhang, Guifu/0000-0002-0261-2815 FU National Severe Storms Laboratory of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA08OAR4320904]; National Science Foundation [AGS-1046171] FX This work was supported in part by the National Severe Storms Laboratory of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Cooperative Agreement NA08OAR4320904 and in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant AGS-1046171. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 10 IS 4 BP 855 EP 859 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2012.2226233 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 168QJ UT WOS:000320720300020 ER PT J AU Bouali, M Ignatov, A AF Bouali, Marouan Ignatov, Alexander TI Estimation of Detector Biases in MODIS Thermal Emissive Bands SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Detector calibration; Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); sea surface temperature (SST); striping ID IMPULSE-RESPONSE FILTERS; LANDSAT MSS IMAGES; NOISE; REDUCTION AB The combination of multiple detectors and a double-sided mirror in the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) introduces striping in the imagery despite the use of onboard calibration systems. This results in a sharp unidirectional pattern across scan lines and leads to significant radiometric uncertainties in level-1 radiances, which further propagate into derived level-2 geophysical products such as the sea surface temperature. Quantifying and minimizing such uncertainties are the key steps in the improvement of remotely sensed data from MODIS. This paper describes a deterministic technique for the estimation of biases due to detector-to-detector miscalibration, mirror banding, and random striping. Using a unidirectional variational model previously introduced for destriping purposes, the scan line noise is first extracted from the observed scenes and then used to evaluate the thermal bias of detectors. The algorithm is applied to Terra and Aqua MODIS thermal emissive bands. Its qualitative performance is illustrated on several representative scenes, and quantitative results of detector biases are reported and discussed. C1 [Bouali, Marouan] NOAA, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Bouali, Marouan] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ignatov, Alexander] NOAA, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Bouali, M (reprint author), NOAA, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM marouan.bouali@noaa.gov; Alex.Ignatov@noaa.gov RI Bouali, Marouan/I-5695-2013; Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 FU VIIRS Sea Surface Temperature Project; Joint Polar Satellite System Program Office FX Manuscript received February 29, 2012; revised September 14, 2012; accepted September 23, 2012. Date of publication February 1, 2013; date of current version June 20, 2013. This work was supported by the VIIRS Sea Surface Temperature Project funded by the Joint Polar Satellite System Program Office. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 2013 VL 51 IS 7 BP 4339 EP 4348 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2230183 PN 2 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 171QI UT WOS:000320943700021 ER PT J AU Demirhan, E Eskut, NP Zorlu, Y Cukurova, I Tuna, G Kirkali, FG AF Demirhan, Erhan Eskut, Neslihan Purdas Zorlu, Yasar Cukurova, Ibrahim Tuna, Gamze Kirkali, Fatos Guldal TI Blood levels of TNF-, IL-10, and IL-12 in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article DE Idiopathic; hearing loss; cytokine; interleukin; TNF-; IL-10; IL-12 ID SPIRAL LIGAMENT FIBROCYTES; DEAFNESS; COCHLEA; ALPHA; DEFIBRINOGENATION; INFLAMMATION; CYTOKINES; EFFICACY; STEROIDS; FLOW AB Objectives/Hypothesis To investigate the blood levels of TNF-, IL-10, and IL-12 in the idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss patients, and the change of these cytokine levels after treatment. Study Design Prospective clinical trial. Methods Twenty-three patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and 20 healthy people were selected as study and control groups. Blood samples for TNF-, IL-10, and IL-12 were taken before treatment and 6 weeks after treatment. The study group was given combined treatment including dexamethasone, heparin, pentoxifyline, vitamin B1, and B6 for 10 days, and was divided into two groups: treatment responders and treatment nonresponders. The treatment responders group was also divided into three groups according to most accepted criteria for improvement in the literature. Audiograms were taken before treatment and 6 weeks after treatment to determine the response to the treatment. Results There was no significant difference between pre- and posttreatment values of IL-10 and IL-12 in all study groups (P > 0.05). There was also no significant difference between pre- and posttreatment values of TNF- in treatment responders (P > 0.05). Treatment nonresponders had more elevated posttreatment values of TNF- than pretreatment values (P < 0.05). Conclusion IL-10 and IL-12 may not play a critical role in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. But our data supports the role of TNF- in the pathophysiology of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss, and TNF- receptor blockers may have benefits in these patients. Level of Evidence 3B. Laryngoscope, 2013 C1 [Demirhan, Erhan] Eregli State Hosp, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Zonguldak, Turkey. [Eskut, Neslihan Purdas] Adiyaman Univ Training & Res Hosp, Dept Neurol, Adiyaman, Turkey. [Zorlu, Yasar] Tepecik Training & Res Hosp, Dept Neurol, Izmir, Turkey. [Cukurova, Ibrahim] Tepecik Training & Res Hosp, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Izmir, Turkey. [Tuna, Gamze] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Dept Biochem, Sch Med, Izmir, Turkey. [Kirkali, Fatos Guldal] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Demirhan, E (reprint author), Eregli State Hosp, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Zonguldak, Turkey. EM demirhanerhan@gmail.com NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD JUL PY 2013 VL 123 IS 7 BP 1778 EP 1781 DI 10.1002/lary.23907 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 169ML UT WOS:000320784300036 PM 23382065 ER PT J AU Hilting, AK Currin, CA Kosaki, RK AF Hilting, Anna K. Currin, Carolyn A. Kosaki, Randall K. TI Evidence for benthic primary production support of an apex predator-dominated coral reef food web SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; FRENCH FRIGATE SHOALS; STABLE-ISOTOPE RATIOS; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; TROPHIC POSITION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MIXING MODELS; NEW-CALEDONIA; DELTA-N-15 AB Five hundred and ninety-nine primary producers and consumers in the PapahAnaumokuAkea Marine National Monument (PMNM) (22A degrees N-30A degrees N, 160A degrees W-180A degrees W) were sampled for carbon and nitrogen stable isotope composition to elucidate trophic relationships in a relatively unimpacted, apex predator-dominated coral reef ecosystem. A one-isotope (delta C-13), two-source (phytoplankton and benthic primary production) mixing model provided evidence for an average minimum benthic primary production contribution of 65 % to consumer production. Primary producer delta N-15 values ranged from -1.6 to 8.0 aEuro degrees with an average (2.1 aEuro degrees) consistent with a prevalence of N-2 fixation. Consumer group delta N-15 means ranged from 6.6 aEuro degrees (herbivore) to 12.1 aEuro degrees (Galeocerdo cuvier), and differences between consumer group delta N-15 values suggest an average trophic enrichment factor of 1.8 aEuro degrees Delta N-15. Based on relative delta N-15 values, the larger G. cuvier may feed at a trophic position above other apex predators. The results provide baseline data for investigating the trophic ecology of healthy coral reef ecosystems. C1 [Hilting, Anna K.; Currin, Carolyn A.] NOAA NOS NCCOS CCFHR, Beaufort, NC USA. [Kosaki, Randall K.] NOAA NOS Papahanaumokuakea Marine Natl Monument, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Hilting, AK (reprint author), NOAA NOS NCCOS CCFHR, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC USA. EM anna.hilting@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries; Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument; National Ocean Service FX We thank R. Dollar, F. Parrish, and B. Popp for valuable discussions, E. Davenport for his technical expertise, E. Kehn for assistance with identification of macroalgal specimens, and H. Walsh, C. Meyer, Y. Papastamatiou, B. Bowen, and F. Parrish for sample collection. We thank the anonymous reviewers whose comments helped us significantly improve this paper. Funding was provided by NOAA's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument, and the National Ocean Service. A report based on data presented in this manuscript was included in Friedlander et al. (2009). NR 70 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 82 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 160 IS 7 BP 1681 EP 1695 DI 10.1007/s00227-013-2220-x PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 169OZ UT WOS:000320791000013 ER PT J AU Vincent, AC Scott, P Trampedach, R AF Vincent, A. C. Scott, P. Trampedach, R. TI Light bosons in the photosphere and the solar abundance problem SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE elementary particles; line: formation; Sun: abundances; Sun: atmosphere; cosmology: theory ID LINE FORMATION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; REVISED ABUNDANCES; OXYGEN ABUNDANCE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MODEL PROBLEM; STARS; GRANULATION; HELIOSEISMOLOGY; SIMULATIONS AB Spectroscopy is used to measure the elemental abundances in the outer layers of the Sun, whereas helioseismology probes the interior. It is well known that current spectroscopic determinations of the chemical composition are starkly at odds with the metallicity implied by helioseismology. We investigate whether the discrepancy may be due to conversion of photons to a new light boson in the solar photosphere. We examine the impact of particles with axion-like interactions with the photon on the inferred photospheric abundances, showing that resonant axion-photon conversion is not possible in the region of the solar atmosphere in which line formation occurs. Although non-resonant conversion in the line-forming regions can in principle impact derived abundances, constraints from axion-photon conversion experiments rule out the couplings necessary for these effects to be detectable. We show that this extends to hidden photons and chameleons (which would exhibit similar phenomenological behaviour), ruling out known theories of new light bosons as photospheric solutions to the solar abundance problem. C1 [Vincent, A. C.] Univ Valencia, IFIC, CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. [Scott, P.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Trampedach, R.] Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Trampedach, R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Vincent, AC (reprint author), Univ Valencia, IFIC, CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. EM vincent@ific.uv.es FU NSERC; FQRNT; European contracts [FP7-PEOPLE-2011-ITN, PITN-GA-2011-289442-INVISIBLES]; Lorne Trottier Chair in Astrophysics; Institute for Particle Physics Theory Fellowship; Canadian Government Tri-Agency Banting Fellowship; NASA [NNX08AI57G, NNX11AJ36G] FX It is a pleasure to thank Martin Asplund, Remo Collett, Keshav Dasgupta, Anne Davis, Guy Moore Javier Redondo and Konstantin Zioutas for helpful comments and conversations. ACV was supported by NSERC, FQRNT and European contracts FP7-PEOPLE-2011-ITN, PITN-GA-2011-289442-INVISIBLES. PS was supported by the Lorne Trottier Chair in Astrophysics, an Institute for Particle Physics Theory Fellowship and a Canadian Government Tri-Agency Banting Fellowship, administered by NSERC. RT was supported by NASA grants NNX08AI57G and NNX11AJ36G. NR 79 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 432 IS 4 BP 3332 EP 3339 DI 10.1093/mnras/stt683 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 173BR UT WOS:000321053500058 ER PT J AU Bianchi, D Galbraith, ED Carozza, DA Mislan, KAS Stock, CA AF Bianchi, Daniele Galbraith, Eric D. Carozza, David A. Mislan, K. A. S. Stock, Charles A. TI Intensification of open-ocean oxygen depletion by vertically migrating animals SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ARABIAN SEA; ZOOPLANKTON ABUNDANCE; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; DIEL; MESOZOOPLANKTON; COMMUNITY; CARBON; ZONE; BIOMASS; EXPORT AB Throughout the ocean, countless small animals swim to depth in the daytime, presumably to seek refuge from large predators(1,2). These animals return to the surface at night to feed(1,2). This substantial diel vertical migration can result in the transfer of significant amounts of carbon and nutrients from the surface to depth(3-7). However, its consequences on ocean chemistry at the global scale have remained uncertain(8,9). Here, we determine the depths of these diel migrations in the global ocean using a global array of backscatter data from acoustic Doppler current profilers, collected between 1990 and 2011. We show that the depth of diel migration follows coherent large-scale patterns. We find that migration depth is greater where subsurface oxygen concentrations are high, such that seawater oxygen concentration is the best single predictor of migration depth at the global scale. In oxygen minimum zone areas, migratory animals generally descend as far as the upper margins of the low-oxygen waters. Using an ocean biogeochemical model coupled to a general circulation model, we show that by focusing oxygen consumption in poorly ventilated regions of the upper ocean, diel vertical migration intensifies oxygen depletion in the upper margin of oxygen minimum zones. We suggest that future changes in the extent of oxygen minimum zones could alter the migratory depths of marine organisms, with consequences for marine biogeochemistry, food webs and fisheries. C1 [Bianchi, Daniele; Galbraith, Eric D.; Carozza, David A.] McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. [Mislan, K. A. S.] Princeton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Stock, Charles A.] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Bianchi, D (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 3450 Rue Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. EM daniele.bianchi@mail.mcgill.ca RI Galbraith, Eric/F-9469-2014; OI Galbraith, Eric/0000-0003-4476-4232; Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013; Carozza, David Anthony/0000-0001-7343-9442 FU Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) Earth System Evolution Program; Carbon Mitigation Initiative; BP; NOAA Cooperative Institute for Climate Science; SSHRC of Canada FX The authors thank J.L. Sarmiento and J.P. Dunne for insightful comments on the project, P. Caldwell for kindly providing the JASADCP data and D. Balachandran for preliminary analysis. D.B. and E.D.G. were financially supported by the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) Earth System Evolution Program. K.A.S. was financially supported by the Carbon Mitigation Initiative with support from BP and the NOAA Cooperative Institute for Climate Science. D.A.C. acknowledges the support of SSHRC of Canada. Computation resources were provided by the SciNet HPC consortium, the Canada Foundation for Innovation and Compute Canada. NR 30 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 40 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 6 IS 7 BP 545 EP 548 DI 10.1038/NGEO1837 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 172KU UT WOS:000321002700016 ER PT J AU Zhai, YH Becerra, FE Glebov, BL Wen, JM Lita, AE Calkins, B Gerrits, T Fan, JY Nam, SW Migdall, A AF Zhai, Yanhua Becerra, Francisco E. Glebov, Boris L. Wen, Jianming Lita, Adriana E. Calkins, Brice Gerrits, Thomas Fan, Jingyun Nam, Sae Woo Migdall, Alan TI Photon-number-resolved detection of photon-subtracted thermal light SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-PHOTONS; EFFICIENCY AB We examine the photon statistics of photon-subtracted thermal light using photon-number-resolved detection. We demonstrate experimentally that the photon number distribution transforms from a Bose-Einstein distribution to a Poisson distribution as the number of subtracted photons increases. We also show that second-and higher-order photon correlation functions can be directly determined from the photon-number-resolved detection measurements of a single optical beam. C1 [Zhai, Yanhua; Becerra, Francisco E.; Glebov, Boris L.; Fan, Jingyun; Migdall, Alan] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhai, Yanhua; Becerra, Francisco E.; Glebov, Boris L.; Fan, Jingyun; Migdall, Alan] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wen, Jianming] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Fan, JY (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jfan@nist.gov FU Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute FX This research is supported in part by the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 16 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 13 BP 2171 EP 2173 DI 10.1364/OL.38.002171 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 175VU UT WOS:000321262500005 PM 23811867 ER PT J AU Zhu, CJ Deng, L Hagley, EW AF Zhu, Chengjie Deng, L. Hagley, E. W. TI Hybrid quantum-well system for wavelength-channel selection SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; GIANT KERR NONLINEARITY; BEAM DEFLECTION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; VAPOR; LIGHT AB We consider a hybrid quantum-well structure consisting of regions whose properties alternate between active Raman gain and electromagnetically induced transparency. We present both analytical and numerical results that indicate a large light beam defection using spatially inhomogeneous pump and control lasers. We show well-isolated on-chip wavelength selection or channeling capabilities without light field attenuation or distortion, demonstrating the advantages of the system for possible important applications in integrated circuits for optical telecommunications. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Zhu, Chengjie; Deng, L.; Hagley, E. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhu, Chengjie] E China Normal Univ, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. RP Deng, L (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lu.deng@nist.gov FU NNSFC [10874043, 11174080]; Reward for Excellent Doctors in Academics [MXRZZ2010007] FX We thank Dr. Zachary H. Levien of NIST for comments and suggestions. Chengjie Zhu acknowledges the support by NNSFC under Grants Nos. 10874043 and 11174080 and by the Reward for Excellent Doctors in Academics under Grant No. MXRZZ2010007. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 13 BP 2363 EP 2366 DI 10.1364/OL.38.002363 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 175VU UT WOS:000321262500067 PM 23811929 ER PT J AU Bass, CD Beise, EJ Breuer, H Heimbach, CR Langford, TJ Nico, JS AF Bass, C. D. Beise, E. J. Breuer, H. Heimbach, C. R. Langford, T. J. Nico, J. S. TI Characterization of a Li-6-loaded liquid organic scintillator for fast neutron spectrometry and thermal neutron detection SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Fast neutron spectrometry; Thermal neutron detection; Organic scintillator; Lithium-6; Capture-gated coincidence ID PULSE-SHAPE DISCRIMINATION; DOUBLE-BETA-DECAY; DARK-MATTER; GE-76 AB The characterization of a liquid scintillator incorporating an aqueous solution of enriched lithium chloride to produce a scintillator with 0.40% Li-6 is presented, including the performance of the scintillator in terms of its optical properties and neutron response. The scintillator was incorporated into a fast neutron spectrometer, and the light output spectra from 2.5 MeV, 14.1 MeV, and Cf-252 neutrons were measured using capture-gated coincidence techniques. The spectrometer was operated without coincidence to perform thermal neutron measurements. Possible improvements in spectrometer performance are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bass, C. D.; Heimbach, C. R.; Nico, J. S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Beise, E. J.; Breuer, H.; Langford, T. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Langford, T. J.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Bass, CD (reprint author), Le Moyne Coll, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13214 USA. EM cbass@jlab.org FU NSF [PHY-0809696, PHY-0757690]; National Institute of Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H026] FX The authors acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research and chemistry facilities used in this work. This work is supported in part by NSF PHY-0809696 and NSF PHY-0757690. Tom Langford acknowledges support under the National Institute of Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program Award 70NANB10H026 through the University of Maryland. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 77 BP 130 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.03.053 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 165JR UT WOS:000320480400021 PM 23608597 ER PT J AU DeLorenzo, ME Danese, LE Baird, TD AF DeLorenzo, Marie E. Danese, Loren E. Baird, Thomas D. TI Influence of increasing temperature and salinity on herbicide toxicity in estuarine phytoplankton SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; herbicides; toxicity; estuaries; phytoplankton ID SPECIES DUNALIELLA-TERTIOLECTA; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; MIXTURE TOXICITY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; ATRAZINE; PESTICIDES; SUBSTANCES AB Ecological risk assessments are, in part, based on results of toxicity tests conducted under standard exposure conditions. Global climate change will have a wide range of effects on estuarine habitats, including potentially increasing water temperature and salinity, which may alter the risk assessment of estuarine pollutants. We examined the effects of increasing temperature and salinity on the toxicity of common herbicides (irgarol, diuron, atrazine, and ametryn) to the phytoplankton species Dunaliella tertiolecta. Static 96-h algal bioassays were conducted for each herbicide under four exposure scenarios: standard temperature and salinity (25 degrees C, 20 ppt), standard temperature and elevated salinity (25 degrees C, 40 ppt), elevated temperature and standard salinity (35 degrees C, 20 ppt), and elevated temperature and elevated salinity (35 degrees C, 40 ppt). The endpoints assessed were algal cell density at 96 h, growth rate, chlorophyll a content, lipid content, and starch content. Increasing exposure temperature reduced growth rate and 96-h cell density but increased the cellular chlorophyll and lipid concentrations of the control algae. Exposure condition did not alter starch content of control algae. Herbicides were found to decrease growth rate, 96 h cell density, and cellular chlorophyll and lipid concentrations, while starch concentrations increased with herbicide exposure. Herbicide effects under standard test conditions were then compared with those observed under elevated temperature and salinity. Herbicide effects on growth rate, cell density, and starch content were more pronounced under elevated salinity and temperature conditions. To encompass the natural variability in estuarine temperature and salinity, and to account for future changes in climate, toxicity tests should be conducted under a wider range of environmental conditions. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2013. C1 [DeLorenzo, Marie E.] NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. [Danese, Loren E.; Baird, Thomas D.] Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. RP DeLorenzo, ME (reprint author), NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. EM marie.delorenzo@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation Research Experiences for Undergraduates Program [DBI-0552828, IOS-0725245] FX Contract grant sponsor: National Science Foundation Research Experiences for Undergraduates Program; Contract grant numbers: DBI-0552828, IOS-0725245 NR 33 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 65 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1520-4081 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL JI Environ. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 28 IS 7 BP 359 EP 371 DI 10.1002/tox.20726 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA 171PO UT WOS:000320941700001 PM 21626650 ER PT J AU Schils, T Vroom, PS Tribollet, AD AF Schils, Tom Vroom, Peter S. Tribollet, Aline D. TI Geographical partitioning of marine macrophyte assemblages in the tropical Pacific: a result of local and regional diversity processes SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Coral reefs; cyanobacteria; ecological biogeography; macroalgae; marine ecoregions; monitoring; Pacific Ocean Islands; seagrasses; species richness ID NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; CORAL-REEFS; PRIMARY PRODUCERS; PHASE-SHIFTS; PATTERNS; ALGAE; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; BAY; ECOSYSTEMS AB Aim Various coral reef organisms display distinct gradients in taxonomic turnover throughout the tropical Pacific Ocean. Marine macrophytes are one of the most dominant and ecologically important benthic components of tropical reefs, yet little is known about the ecological biogeography of the macrophyte assemblages throughout this biodiverse region. This study assessed: (1) the geographical clustering of macrophyte assemblages in the tropical Pacific; (2) the environmental/geographical factors that best explain the observed patterns in taxon richness and taxon composition; and (3) the validity of large-scale biogeographical hypotheses with respect to the distribution of macrophyte assemblages. Location Coral reefs of 39 US Pacific islands. Methods Surveys of reef macrophytes for all 39 Pacific islands were conducted from 2004 to 2007. Rank-order data of quadrats were transformed to proportional abundance data in order to compute site averages for each of the 84 macrophyte categories. Further data analysis employed taxon accumulation curves, generalized additive models, and multivariate techniques. Results Pacific macrophyte assemblages displayed consistently higher within-archipelago similarities than between-archipelago similarities, which is reflected in pronounced differences in functional group composition between archipelagos. The maximum land elevation, maximum seasonal sea surface temperature, reef extent, and longitude of the investigated islands were the predictor variables that best described the similarities in macrophyte assemblage structure among islands. Maximum land elevation and reef extent, however, were the two predictor variables that best explained macrophyte richness per island. Main conclusions Macrophyte assemblages of the Pacific Islands cluster in geographical groups, indicative of the importance of evolutionary factors related to dispersal and speciation. Whereas macrophyte assemblage structure is governed by both local (habitat diversity and availability) and regional (geographical and environmental descriptors related to oceanic isolation and latitude) variables, the macrophyte richness of these islands is defined primarily by local habitat diversity and availability. Biogeographical patterns of marine macrophyte assemblages in the tropical Pacific deviate from those of other well-studied marine organisms. C1 [Schils, Tom] Univ Guam, Marine Lab, UOG Stn, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. [Vroom, Peter S.] NOAA, Ocean Associates, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Tribollet, Aline D.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Inst Rech Dev, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. RP Schils, T (reprint author), Univ Guam, Marine Lab, UOG Stn, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. EM tom@schils.be FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program FX We wish to thank Susan Vogt for providing a base map of the Pacific Islands. Special thanks go to M. L. Dailer, R. Okano, E. Limes and other members of the CRED team for their assistance in the field. We are grateful to the crews of the NOAA ships Townsend Cromwell, Oscar Elton Sette and Hi'ialakai for field support. Funding to PIFSC-CRED for Pacific RAMP expeditions was provided by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. The University of Guam is acknowledged for providing administrative and logistical support. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 40 IS 7 BP 1266 EP 1277 DI 10.1111/jbi.12083 PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 161ES UT WOS:000320175400006 ER PT J AU McCartney, MA Burton, ML Lima, TG AF McCartney, Michael A. Burton, Michael L. Lima, Thiago G. TI Mitochondrial DNA differentiation between populations of black sea bass (Centropristis striata) across Cape Hatteras, North Carolina (USA) SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Cape Hatteras; Centropristis striata; gene flow; mid-Atlantic; migrate; mitochondrial DNA; phylogeography; range boundary; south Atlantic ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; OF-MEXICO POPULATIONS; MID-ATLANTIC COAST; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION; BIOGEOGRAPHIC DISJUNCTION; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; COALESCENT APPROACH; LARVAL DISPERSAL AB Aim Phylogeographical breaks' often occur at biogeographical province boundaries, suggesting common causative factors. Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, on the US Atlantic coast, separates water masses of sharply differing temperature and divides the Virginian and Carolinian provinces, but has not often been detected as a phylogeographical break. We studied the black sea bass, Centropristis striata (Linnaeus, 1758), a species with philopatric adults but long-lived planktonic larvae. An earlier study of only two Atlantic populations, and lower-resolution mitochondrial RFLP markers, showed strong separation between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic, but not across Cape Hatteras. Location Over 300 adults were collected from populations from the Gulf of Mexico, the US south Atlantic (North Carolina south of Cape Hatteras, the east coast of Florida, and South Carolina), and the US mid-Atlantic (North Carolina north of Cape Hatteras, Virginia, Delaware, New Jersey and Massachusetts). Methods We sequenced the mitochondrial control region, analysed DNA sequence and haplotype frequency differentiation and haplotype networks, and performed coalescent analyses of population sizes and migration rates. Results Sequences formed three clusters - Gulf of Mexico, south Atlantic and mid-Atlantic - the Atlantic clusters being divided at Cape Hatteras. Analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 31% of sequence variation was between populations on opposite sides of Cape Hatteras, while only 5% was between populations on the same side, yet migrate analysis detected asymmetric migration across the Cape, greater from north to south than in the opposite direction. A transitional population with roughly equal frequencies of south and mid-Atlantic haplotypes occupied a narrow stretch between Cape Hatteras and the Virginia border. Main conclusions Strong barriers to gene flow exist between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic, and across Cape Hatteras. Adult migratory and spawning behaviours that separate mid-Atlantic and south Atlantic populations, limited larval exchange, and selection imposed by thermal gradients are each potentially responsible. In addition, these data indicate that fishery stocks of black sea bass north and south of Cape Hatteras are genetically distinct, supporting their separate management. C1 [McCartney, Michael A.; Lima, Thiago G.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. [Burton, Michael L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort Lab, SEFSC, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP McCartney, MA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, 5600 Marvin Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. EM mccartneym@uncw.edu FU NOAA MARFIN [08MFIH009, 09MFIH009] FX Many people were involved in collecting black sea bass samples for this project, including D. Hoke, E. O'Neal and E. Corpeno of the Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC), who collected samples dockside; and S. Rowe of the NOAA NEFSC's Woods Hole Laboratory, for coordinating the collection of specimens from the Northeast Groundfish cruises. V. Schmidt and S. Price collected some of the sequence data. C. Collier provided information on tagging studies from Florida. Melissa Smith helped greatly with preparation of the figures. We are also grateful to the editor and three anonymous referees, whose comments greatly improved this paper. The work was funded by NOAA MARFIN grants 08MFIH009 and 09MFIH009, administered by the Southeast Regional Office (SERO) of the National Marine Fisheries Service, St Petersburg, Florida. NR 78 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 40 IS 7 BP 1386 EP 1398 DI 10.1111/jbi.12103 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 161ES UT WOS:000320175400016 ER PT J AU Adcroft, A AF Adcroft, Alistair TI Representation of topography by porous barriers and objective interpolation of topographic data SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Topography; Objective interpolation; Cut-cells; Finite volume; Tsunami; Overflow ID SIMULATIONS; OCEAN; MODEL AB We present a porous medium approach to representing topography, and a new algorithm for the objective interpolation of topography, for use in ocean circulation models of fixed resolution. The representation and algorithm makes use of two concepts; impermeable thin walls and porous barriers. Impermeable thin walls allow the representation of knife-edge sub-grid-scale barriers that block lateral flow between model grid cells. Porous barriers permit the sub-grid scale geometry to modulate lateral transport as a function of elevation. We find that the porous representation and the resulting interpolated topography retains key features, such as overflow sill depths, without compromising other dynamically relevant aspects, such as mean ocean depth for a cell. The accurate representation of the ocean depth is illustrated in a simple model of a tsunami that has a cross-basin travel time very much less dependent on horizontal resolution than when using conventional topographic interpolation and representation. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Adcroft, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM aadcroft@princeton.edu RI Adcroft, Alistair/E-5949-2010 OI Adcroft, Alistair/0000-0001-9413-1017 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 67 BP 13 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2013.03.002 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 165IM UT WOS:000320477100002 ER PT J AU Colt, J Kroeger, E AF Colt, John Kroeger, Eric TI Impact of aeration and alkalinity on the water quality and product quality of transported tilapia-A simulation study SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Fish transport; Aeration; Water quality ID SALMO-GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON; FACTORS AFFECTING SURVIVAL; OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; NILE FISH; PH; TEMPERATURE; OXYGEN; EXPOSURE; SYSTEMS AB The effects of aeration and alkalinity on water quality and product quality of Nile tilapia (Oreochrmis niloticus) were determined for simulated commercial hauling conditions. Three types of aeration were tested: pure oxygen aeration with a fine bubble diffuser (Oxygen), air aeration with medium bubble diffusers (Air), and a combination of both pure oxygen aeration with a fine bubble diffuser and air aeration with a medium bubble diffuser (Mixed). Simulated transport hauls were conducted at two initial alkalinities: 1.74 +/- 0.11 meq/L (Low) and 8.84 +/- 0.55 meq/L (High). The Air treatments resulted in the lowest carbon dioxide concentration, and the highest pH and un-ionized ammonia concentrations. At high alkalinities, the Air treatments were unable to maintain adequate dissolved oxygen levels. The Mixed treatment resulted in reduced carbon dioxide and dissolved oxygen concentrations. The Oxygen treatment resulted the highest dissolved oxygen, highest carbon dioxide, and lowest pH and un-ionized ammonia. Un-ionized ammonia concentrations were higher with the High Alkalinity treatments because of higher pH. Significant mortality was observed in the Air treatments in both the Low- and High-Alkalinity treatments. Mortality in the Oxygen and Mixed treatments for both low and high alkalinities were comparable to that observed in commercial tilapia transport using fine bubble diffusers and pure oxygen. These results indicate that mortality due directly to hauling water quality will not be increased at high alkalinity, if pure oxygen aeration is used. The potential effects of water quality during hauling on survival and product quality may be less than the impact from (a) physical damage from loading and un-loading and (b) physiological problems resulting from pH and temperature shock during the transfer from the hauling tanks to retail holding systems, especially for fish of reduced fitness. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Colt, John; Kroeger, Eric] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Colt, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.colt@noaa.gov FU Western Regional Aquaculture Center from National Institute for Food & Agriculture (NIFA) [2008-38500-19230] FX This project was supported by Western Regional Aquaculture Center Grant no. 2008-38500-19230 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (now the National Institute for Food & Agriculture (NIFA)). We would like to thank Andrew Dickson, Michael Stenstrom, and Steward Rounds for advice on analytical protocols. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 55 BP 46 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2013.03.002 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 161TL UT WOS:000320216100007 ER PT J AU Baerum, KM Haugen, TO Kiffney, P Olsen, EM Vollestad, LA AF Baerum, Kim M. Haugen, Thrond O. Kiffney, Peter Olsen, Esben Moland Vollestad, L. Asbjorn TI Interacting effects of temperature and density on individual growth performance in a wild population of brown trout SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; growth model; population regulation; salmonid; temperature ID SALMO-TRUTTA; DEPENDENT GROWTH; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BODY-SIZE; COMPENSATORY GROWTH; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; WATER TEMPERATURE; SOCKEYE SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; FOOD QUALITY AB Growth is a key life-history trait linked to population regulation in fishes and may be influenced by biotic and abiotic factors such as density and temperature. Exploring how growth performance is altered by such factors in the wild will aid our understanding of how climate change might influence fish populations. We explore the interactions between temperature and density on growth in a stream-resident brown trout (Salmo trutta) population by comparing observed individual growth rates with predicted rates, at maximum rations, as a function of natural variation in water temperature in a small, cold (average temp summer <11 degrees C) stream in south-east Norway. Variation in relative growth performance of resident brown trout was analysed using a linear mixed-model approach based on a 9-year-long time series of mark-recapture data that yielded 1043 individual growth rate estimates for the summer seasons. Observed growth rates never exceeded 60% of predicted growth. Density and temperature interacted in a non-additive and complex way as controlling agents of growth performance, where a general positive effect of temperature minimised an apparent negative effect of density. We also found an interaction between age and density, where young fish were more negatively affected by density than older fish. Individuals that were small for their age showed evidence of compensatory growth. As our system appears to be strongly resource limited and temperature seems to facilitate relative growth performance, we argue that the negative density effect is mitigated by increased food supply when temperature increases during the summer growth season. Further, the positive effect of temperature on growth appeared minimal at low densities, suggesting an unmeasured factor (e.g. food quality) was limiting some of the growth potential. Our results help elucidate potential effects of temperature changes on brown trout in a small and cold stream, where the positive influence of temperature is more pronounced at high fish densities. C1 [Baerum, Kim M.; Haugen, Thrond O.; Kiffney, Peter] Hedmark Univ Coll, Fac Appl Ecol & Agr Sci, NO-2418 Elverum, Norway. [Baerum, Kim M.; Olsen, Esben Moland; Vollestad, L. Asbjorn] Univ Oslo, Dept Biosci, CEES, Oslo, Norway. [Haugen, Thrond O.] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Nat Resource Management, As, Norway. [Kiffney, Peter] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, Watershed Program, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Northwest Fisheries Sc, Mukilteo, WA USA. [Olsen, Esben Moland] Inst Marine Res, His, Norway. RP Baerum, KM (reprint author), Hedmark Univ Coll, Fac Appl Ecol & Agr Sci, POB 400, NO-2418 Elverum, Norway. EM kim.barum@hihm.no RI Olsen, Esben/B-1894-2012; Gebauer, Radek/G-6749-2015 OI Olsen, Esben/0000-0003-3807-7524; FU Norwegian Research Council FX We thank the Norwegian Research Council for financial support. We are most grateful to L. Crozier, P. Roni and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments and valuable reviews of the manuscript. We also thank the large number of graduate students who have participated in fieldwork over the years. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 92 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 58 IS 7 BP 1329 EP 1339 DI 10.1111/fwb.12130 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 158CK UT WOS:000319946000003 ER PT J AU Stewart, KR James, MC Roden, S Dutton, PH AF Stewart, Kelly R. James, Michael C. Roden, Suzanne Dutton, Peter H. TI Assignment tests, telemetry and tag-recapture data converge to identify natal origins of leatherback turtles foraging in Atlantic Canadian waters SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE combine methods; homing; international; migrations; stock structure; validation ID UNRAVELING MIGRATORY CONNECTIVITY; WHITE-CAPPED ALBATROSSES; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; SEA-TURTLES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS; GENOTYPING ERRORS; CENTRAL-AMERICA; MOVEMENTS; WORLDS AB Investigating migratory connectivity between breeding and foraging areas is critical to effective management and conservation of highly mobile marine taxa, particularly threatened, endangered, or economically important species that cross through regional, national and international boundaries. The leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea, Vandelli 1761) is one such transboundary species that spends time at breeding areas at low latitudes in the northwest Atlantic during spring and summer. From there, they migrate widely throughout the North Atlantic, but many show fidelity to one region off eastern Canada, where critical foraging habitat has been proposed. Our goal was to identify nesting beach origins for turtles foraging here. Using genetics, we identified natal beaches for 288 turtles that were live-captured off the coast of Nova Scotia, Canada. Turtles were sampled (skin or blood) and genotyped using 17 polymorphic microsatellite markers. Results from three assignment testing programs (ONCOR, GeneClass2 and Structure) were compared. Our nesting population reference data set included 1417 individuals from nine Atlantic nesting assemblages. A supplementary data set for 83 foraging turtles traced to nesting beaches using flipper tags and/or PIT tags (n=72), or inferred from satellite telemetry (n=11), enabled ground-truthing of the assignments. We first assigned turtles using only genetic information and then used the supplementary recapture information to verify assignments. ONCOR performed best, assigning 64 of the 83 recaptured turtles to natal beaches (77 center dot 1%). Turtles assigned to Trinidad (164), French Guiana (72), Costa Rica (44), St. Croix (7), and Florida (1) reflect the relative size of those nesting populations, although none of the turtles were assigned to four other potential source nesting assemblages. Our results demonstrate the utility of genetic approaches for determining source populations of foraging marine animals and include the first identification of natal rookeries of male leatherbacks, identified through satellite telemetry and verified with genetics. This work highlights the importance of long-term monitoring and tagging programmes in nesting and high-use foraging areas. Moreover, it provides a scientific basis for evaluating stock-specific effects of fisheries on migratory marine species, thus identifying where coordinated international recovery efforts may be most effective. C1 [Stewart, Kelly R.; Roden, Suzanne; Dutton, Peter H.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [James, Michael C.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. [James, Michael C.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Populat Ecol Div, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. RP Stewart, KR (reprint author), NOAA, Protected Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM kelly.stewart@noaa.gov FU Canadian Wildlife Federation; Environment Canada; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; George Cedric Metcalf Foundation; Habitat Stewardship Program for Species at Risk; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (USA); National Marine Fisheries Service (USA); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; World Wildlife Fund Canada; Marine Turtle Genetics Program; NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center FX Fieldwork in Canada was conducted in association with the Canadian Sea Turtle Network, and in accordance with guidelines of the Canadian Council on Animal Care, with review and approval by the Dalhousie University Animal Care Committee (permit numbers 00-008, 02-053, 04-055, 06-069, 07-077, 08-077, 09-069 and 11-073) and Fisheries and Oceans Canada (licence and permit numbers 2001-425, 2002-550, 2003-534, 2004519, MAR-SA-2004-004, 2005-557, MAR-SA-2006-006, 2006-526, MAR-SA-2006-006, 2007-024, MAR-SA-2007-006, 2008-454, MAR-SA-2008-006, 323395, 323398, 326240 and 332697). Samples were imported into the USA over a span of 10 years under CITES permit 844694/9 and were archived in the NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center Marine Mammal and Turtle Molecular Research Sample Collection. Funding for associated research in Canada was provided by the Canadian Wildlife Federation, Environment Canada, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, George Cedric Metcalf Foundation, Habitat Stewardship Program for Species at Risk, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (USA), National Marine Fisheries Service (USA), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and World Wildlife Fund Canada. We gratefully acknowledge S. Craig, B. Fricker, H. Fricker, J. Fricker, W. George, B. Mitchell, and M. Nicholson for assistance with sample collection at sea. Thanks are also due to D. Archibald, L. Bennett, C. Harvey-Clark and K. Martin for assistance with strandings response and sample preparation. Ground-truthing of assignments would not have been possible without the generous sharing of tagging and tag-recapture data from the following organizations: Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research, Anguilla Department of Fisheries, Asociacion ANAI, Association KWATA, Biotopic, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Endangered Wildlife Trust, Fishing Pond Turtle Conservation Group, Grande Riviere Nature Tour Guide Association, Grupo para la Conservacion de Tortugas Marinas Chibiqui, Grupo de Trabajo en Tortugas Marinas de Nueva Esparta, Guyana Marine Turtle Conservation Society, Institute for Tropical Ecology and Conservation, Loggerhead Marinelife Centre, Nature Seekers, NC-IUCN Leatherback Monitoring and Research Project, Ocean Spirits, Pacuare Nature Reserve, Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, Sea Turtle Conservancy, Team GILA, WIDE-CAST, WWF Netherlands, and World Wildlife Fund France. At the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, we acknowledge the support of the Marine Turtle Genetics Program and we woud like to thank G. Serra-Valente, A. Jue, A. Frey and E. LaCasella for processing the Canadian samples in the lab and R. LeRoux, A. Bowman, V. Pease and B. MacDonald for technical and logistical assistance. We are grateful to K. Martien, M. Jensen and B. Perrin for providing comments that improved the quality of the manuscript as well as the thoughtful insights of three anonymous reviewers. The analysis of genetic samples and preparation of results was performed whereas one author (K.R.S.) held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center. NR 75 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 104 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 82 IS 4 BP 791 EP 803 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.12056 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 164DI UT WOS:000320388700008 PM 23464527 ER PT J AU Schwarz, LK Goebel, ME Costa, DP Kilpatrick, AM AF Schwarz, Lisa K. Goebel, Michael E. Costa, Daniel P. Kilpatrick, A. Marm TI Top-down and bottom-up influences on demographic rates of Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antarctic Oscillation; Cormack Jolly Seber; detection probability; El Nino Southern Oscillation; pinniped; Shetland Islands; Southern Annular Mode; tag loss ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; RECAPTURE DATA; NATIONAL-PARK; LEOPARD SEAL; PREDATION; SURVIVAL; PUP; MORTALITY; PENGUINS AB Two major drivers in population dynamics are bottom-up processes, such as environmental factors that affect foraging success, and the top-down impacts of predation. Many populations of marine mammal and seabird species appear to be declining in response to reductions in prey associated with the bottom-up effects of climate change. However, predation, which usually occurs at sea and is difficult to observe, may also play a key role. We analysed drivers of population dynamics of Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella at Cape Shirreff from 1997 to 2009, including a predator that targets pre-weaned pups and bottom-up environmental effects in an ecosystem particularly sensitive to small changes in temperature. We use Bayesian mark-recapture analysis to demonstrate that although large-scale environmental variability affects annual adult survival and reproduction, first year survival appears to be driving the current decline in this population (as defined by a decline in the annual number of pups born). Although the number of pups increased during the first third of the study, first year survival and recruitment of those pups in later years was very low. Such low survival may be driven by leopard seal Hydrurga leptonyx predation, particularly prior to weaning. Our results suggest that without leopard seal predation, this population would most likely increase in size, despite the observed bottom-up effects of climate changes on adult vital rates. More broadly, our results show how age-targeted predation could be a major factor in population decline of K-selected colonial breeders. C1 [Schwarz, Lisa K.; Costa, Daniel P.; Kilpatrick, A. Marm] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Goebel, Michael E.] NOAA, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Schwarz, LK (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM Schwarz@biology.ucsc.edu FU NSF Office of Polar Programs grant [ANT-0838937] FX Data were collected by researchers and technicians at NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division. Research was conducted under MMPA permit 774-1847 to the U.S. AMLR Program. Data collection was also supported by the NSF Office of Polar Programs grant ANT-0838937. Analysis and manuscript preparation was supported by the E & P Sound and Marine Life Joint Industry Project of the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 19 U2 126 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 82 IS 4 BP 903 EP 911 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.12059 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 164DI UT WOS:000320388700019 PM 23444975 ER PT J AU Kelly, KA Dong, SF AF Kelly, Kathryn A. Dong, Shenfu TI The contributions of atmosphere and ocean to North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water volume anomalies SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Water masses; Heat loss; Mixing processes; Subduction; Advection; Subtropical Mode Water ID SEA HEAT FLUXES; DECADAL VARIABILITY; GULF-STREAM; PACIFIC; CIRCULATION; VENTILATION; ALTIMETRY AB Subtropical Mode Water (STMW) in the western North Atlantic Ocean, or Eighteen Degree Water (EDW), as it is commonly known, is formed near the Gulf Stream in the wintertime, is dissipated by mixing and is removed by subduction. The ability of EDW to store and discharge large quantities of heat over periods of several years contributes to the memory of the climate system. To complement the 2-year field and modeling program of the CLIvar MOde Water Dynamics Experiment (CLIMODE) with a perspective of interannual-to-decadal variability (1985-2007), we used a simple box model to hindcast observed EDW volume anomalies in two regions: one in which EDW is formed and an adjacent region of subducted EDW. Estimates of the relative contributions of heat flux anomalies, vertical mixing from Ekman advection, mixing, and circulation are examined using proxy variables derived from winds, sea surface temperature, hydrographic data and altimetric sea level. The importance of each process is evaluated by its contribution to observed EDW volume anomalies in two regions. The study produced some robust conclusions: (1) anomalies of formation by surface heat fluxes are clearly reflected in EDW volume anomalies with some contributions by Ekman advection; (2) of the newly formed EDW about 65% is lost by mixing and about 35% is transferred to the subducted region; (3) mixing losses are well parameterized by the meandering of the nearby GS and (4) transfer and losses from the subducted region can be parameterized by the geostrophic surface flow. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kelly, Kathryn A.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dong, Shenfu] Univ Miami, CIMAS, Miami, FL USA. [Dong, Shenfu] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Kelly, KA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Box 355640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kkelly@apl.washington.edu RI Dong, Shenfu/I-4435-2013 OI Dong, Shenfu/0000-0001-8247-8072 FU National Science Foundation [0960648, 0958548]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NN08AR30G]; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory FX Our work benefited from many conversations and the sharing of information with other CLIMODE investigators, in particular, Terry Joyce, Young-Oh Kwon and Leif Thomas. Suggestions from three anonymous reviewers greatly improved the text. Data sources are listed in Table 1. K.A.K. was supported by the National Science Foundation through grant 0960648 (CLIMODE analysis) and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through grant NN08AR30G (Ocean Surface Topography Science Team). S.D. was supported by the National Science Foundation through grant 0958548 (CLIMODE analysis) and NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 91 SI SI BP 111 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.02.020 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 160WI UT WOS:000320150800009 ER PT J AU Roswell, CR Pothoven, SA Hook, TO AF Roswell, Charles R. Pothoven, Steven A. Hoeoek, Tomas O. TI Spatio-temporal, ontogenetic and interindividual variation of age-0 diets in a population of yellow perch SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE perch; ontogenetic shift; niche; diet selection; specialization ID WESTERN LAKE-ERIE; ONEIDA-LAKE; SAGINAW BAY; NEW-YORK; FOOD-WEB; BEHAVIORAL MECHANISMS; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; WINTER MORTALITY; GIZZARD SHAD; WHITE PERCH AB Dietary niches of fishes have traditionally been evaluated at the population level, with diet pattern central tendencies compared spatio-temporally among habitats and populations. More recently, however, studies have emphasised the importance of within-population diet variation and niche partitioning. Several studies have examined diets of young yellow perch (Perca flavescens) at the population level and have described an ontogenetic transition from zooplankton to benthic prey during the first year of life. However, independent of ontogenetic diet shifts, intrapopulation variation of young yellow perch diets remains largely unexplored. We quantified patterns of diet composition in age-0 yellow perch collected from Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, USA during July-October, 2009 and 2010. We observed substantial variation in diet composition among individuals across and within sites, but found relatively weak evidence indicating an ontogenetic diet shift. Zooplankton were the dominant prey for age-0 yellow perch on most occasions, and individual diets were composed primarily of either zooplankton (e.g. Daphnia spp., Calanoida) or benthic (i.e. Chironomidae larvae, Chydoridae) prey. These patterns were not simply attributable to differences in prey availability and ontogenetic diet shifts, because a) not only diet composition, but also prey selectivity (Chesson's ) varied among sites and b) individual and spatial diet differences were evident independent of ontogeny. Within-cohort differences in diet composition may be an important, but often overlooked, phenomenon with implications for cumulative trophic interactions and intracohort growth and survival among young fish. C1 [Roswell, Charles R.; Hoeoek, Tomas O.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI USA. [Hoeoek, Tomas O.] Purdue Univ, Illinois Indiana Sea Grant, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Hook, TO (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM thook@purdue.edu OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research FX Numerous individuals assisted with field collections and laboratory analyses, including: J. Cavaletto, B. Coggins, C. Foley, S. Lyttle, J. Militello, A. Roswell, A. Spikes, J. Workman, and many undergraduate laboratory assistants. Members of the Hook laboratory group provided valuable feedback. This study was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research. This is NOAA-GLERL contribution 1654. NR 78 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JUL PY 2013 VL 22 IS 3 BP 479 EP 493 DI 10.1111/eff.12041 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 157CI UT WOS:000319872900013 ER PT J AU Lee, YJ Boynton, WR Li, M Li, Y AF Lee, Younjoo J. Boynton, Walter R. Li, Ming Li, Yun TI Role of Late Winter-Spring Wind Influencing Summer Hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Estuary; Dissolved oxygen; Summer hypoxia; Chesapeake Bay; Late winter-spring wind; Climate variability ID PARTIALLY STRATIFIED ESTUARY; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; LONG-ISLAND SOUND; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; SALINITY VARIABILITY; SYNOPTIC CLIMATOLOGY; SUSQUEHANNA RIVER; PHYTOPLANKTON; CIRCULATION; DISCHARGE AB We examined the processes influencing summer hypoxia in the mainstem portion of Chesapeake Bay. The analysis was based on the Chesapeake Bay Monitoring Program data collected between 1985 and 2007. Self-organizing map (SOM) analysis indicates that bottom water dissolved oxygen (DO) starts to be depleted in the upper mesohaline area during late spring, and hypoxia expands down-estuary by early summer. The seasonal hypoxia in the bay appears to be related to multiple variables, (e.g., river discharge, nutrient loading, stratification, phytoplankton biomass, and wind condition), but most of them are intercorrelated. The winter-spring Susquehanna River flow contributes to not only spring-summer buoyancy effects on estuarine circulation dynamics but also nutrient loading from the land-promoting phytoplankton growth. In addition, we found that summer hypoxia is significantly correlated with the late winter-spring (February-April) northeasterly-southwesterly (NE-SW) wind. Based on winter-spring (January-May) conditions, a predictive tool was developed to forecast summer (June-August) hypoxia using river discharge and NE-SW wind. We hypothesized that the late winter-spring wind pattern may affect the transport of spring bloom biomass to the western shoal or the deep channel of the bay that either alleviates or increases the summer hypoxic volume in the midbay region, respectively. To examine this hypothesis, residual flow fields were analyzed using a hydrodynamic ocean model (Regional Ocean Modeling System; ROMS) between 2000 and 2003, two hydrologically similar years but years with different wind conditions during the spring bloom period. Simulation model results suggest that relatively larger amounts of organic matter could be transported into the deep channel in 2003 (severe hypoxia; frequent northeasterly wind) than 2000 (moderate hypoxia; frequent southwesterly wind). C1 [Lee, Younjoo J.; Li, Ming] Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Boynton, Walter R.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Li, Yun] NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Li, Yun] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lee, YJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, 2020 Horns Point Rd, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. EM ylee@umces.edu RI Li, Ming/B-3485-2015; Li, Yun/F-5944-2015; OI Li, Ming/0000-0003-1492-4127; Lee, Younjoo/0000-0002-2869-9680 FU U.S. Department of Commerce; NOAA Coastal Hypoxia Research Program [NA07NOS4780191]; Maryland Department of Natural Resources [K00B3400004 RAT-5/12-376] FX We thank Dr. Kmazima M. M. Lwiza for valuable discussions and two anonymous reviewers for thoughtful comments. We also thank Jeremy Testa and Dong-Yoon Lee for helpful suggestions. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Coastal Hypoxia Research Program (NA07NOS4780191) and the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (K00B3400004 RAT-5/12-376). This article is contribution number 4726 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. NR 63 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUL PY 2013 VL 36 IS 4 BP 683 EP 696 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9592-5 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 157FW UT WOS:000319882400002 ER EF