FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Ackerman, SA Heidinger, A Foster, MJ Maddux, B AF Ackerman, Steven A. Heidinger, Andrew Foster, Michael J. Maddux, Brent TI Satellite Regional Cloud Climatology over the Great Lakes SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE cloud cover; satellite cloud observations; Great Lakes ID INTERNAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; CONVECTION; MICHIGAN; FREQUENCIES; EXAMPLES; TRENDS; MODIS AB Thirty-one years of imager data from polar orbiting satellites are composited to produce a satellite climate data set of cloud amount for the Great Lakes region. A trend analysis indicates a slight decreasing trend in cloud cover over the region during this time period. The trend is significant and largest (similar to 2% per decade) over the water bodies. A strong seasonal cycle of cloud cover is observed over both land and water surfaces. Winter cloud amounts are greater over the water bodies than land due to heat and moisture flux into the atmosphere. Late spring through early autumn cloud amounts are lower over the water bodies than land due to stabilization of the boundary layer by relatively cooler lake waters. The influence of the lakes on cloud cover also extends beyond their shores, affecting cloud cover and properties far down wind. Cloud amount composited by wind direction demonstrate that the increasing cloud amounts downwind of the lakes is greatest during autumn and winter. Cold air flows over relatively warm lakes in autumn and winter generate wind parallel convective cloud bands. The cloud properties of these wind parallel cloud bands over the lakes during winter are presented. C1 [Ackerman, Steven A.; Foster, Michael J.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ackerman, Steven A.; Maddux, Brent] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Heidinger, Andrew] Univ Wisconsin, NOAA, Adv Satellite Prod Branch, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Ackerman, SA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM steva@ssec.wisc.edu; heidinger@ssec.wisc.edu; mfoster@aos.wisc.edu; bcmaddux@wisc.edu RI Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010; Ackerman, Steven/G-1640-2011 OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X; Ackerman, Steven/0000-0002-4476-0269 FU NASA [NNX11AH62G, NNX11AL23A] FX This work was supported by NASA under contract NNX11AH62G and NNX11AL23A. The authors continue to appreciate the MODIS science and data support team. We also appreciate NOAA support of the PATMOS-x program and data distribution. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 5 IS 12 BP 6223 EP 6240 DI 10.3390/rs5126223 PG 18 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 298JB UT WOS:000330318900004 ER PT J AU Miller, SD Straka, W Mills, SP Elvidge, CD Lee, TF Solbrig, J Walther, A Heidinger, AK Weiss, SC AF Miller, Steven D. Straka, William, III Mills, Stephen P. Elvidge, Christopher D. Lee, Thomas F. Solbrig, Jeremy Walther, Andi Heidinger, Andrew K. Weiss, Stephanie C. TI Illuminating the Capabilities of the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day/Night Band SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE satellite imagery; nighttime visible/near-infrared; moonlight ID CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; LIGHTNING DATA ASSIMILATION; 250 M RESOLUTION; SNOW COVER MAPS; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; SATELLITE SENSORS; DATA PRODUCTS; MODIS IMAGES; OCEAN AB Daytime measurements of reflected sunlight in the visible spectrum have been a staple of Earth-viewing radiometers since the advent of the environmental satellite platform. At night, these same optical-spectrum sensors have traditionally been limited to thermal infrared emission, which contains relatively poor information content for many important weather and climate parameters. These deficiencies have limited our ability to characterize the full diurnal behavior and processes of parameters relevant to improved monitoring, understanding and modeling of weather and climate processes. Visible-spectrum light information does exist during the nighttime hours, originating from a wide variety of sources, but its detection requires specialized technology. Such measurements have existed, in a limited way, on USA Department of Defense satellites, but the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite, which carries a new Day/Night Band (DNB) radiometer, offers the first quantitative measurements of nocturnal visible and near-infrared light. Here, we demonstrate the expanded potential for nocturnal low-light visible applications enabled by the DNB. Via a combination of terrestrial and extraterrestrial light sources, such observations are always available-expanding many current existing applications while enabling entirely new capabilities. These novel low-light measurements open doors to a wealth of new interdisciplinary research topics while lighting a pathway toward the optimized design of follow-on satellite based low light visible sensors. C1 [Miller, Steven D.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Straka, William, III; Walther, Andi] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mills, Stephen P.] Renaissance Man Engn, Glendale, CA 91202 USA. [Elvidge, Christopher D.] Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lee, Thomas F.; Solbrig, Jeremy] Monterey Naval Res Lab, Satellite Meteorol Applicat Sect, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93907 USA. [Heidinger, Andrew K.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Adv Satellite Prod Branch, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Weiss, Stephanie C.] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. RP Miller, SD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Steven.Miller@colostate.edu; William.Straka@ssec.wisc.edu; steve@renmaneng.com; Chris.Elvidge@noaa.gov; tomlee@redshift.com; 7541@nrlmry.navy.mil; Andi.Walther@ssec.wisc.edu; Andrew.Heidinger@noaa.gov; Stephanie.Weiss@ngc.com RI Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010; Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009 OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X; FU NOAA Joint Polar Satellite System Cal/Val and Algorithm Program,; Naval Research Laboratory (BAA) [N00173-10-C2003]; Oceanographer of the Navy through the program office at the PEO [C4I/PMW-120, PE-0603207N] FX We thank our Reviewers and Remote Sensing's Chief Editor for their helpful recommendations toward improving this manuscript. We also thank Jody Russell [Image Science and Analysis Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (NASA-JSC)] and William Stefanov [International Space Station Program Science Office, NASA-JSC] for their assistance with acquiring ISS photography, Scott Bachmeier (Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS), U. Wisconsin-Madison; http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/blog/) for suggested case studies, and Dan Lindsey (NOAA/NESDIS) and Russ Schumacher (Colorado State University) for their assistance with radar datasets. Support of the NOAA Joint Polar Satellite System Cal/Val and Algorithm Program, the Naval Research Laboratory (BAA Contract #N00173-10-C2003), and the Oceanographer of the Navy through the program office at the PEO C4I/PMW-120 under program element PE-0603207N is gratefully acknowledged. NR 115 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 26 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 5 IS 12 BP 6717 EP 6766 DI 10.3390/rs5126717 PG 50 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 298JB UT WOS:000330318900027 ER PT J AU Schaffer, K AF Schaffer, Kim TI Passwords, Privacy, and Policies: Can They Do Business Together? SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article AB By separating the burden of securing different types of personal information from the all-in-one website solutions that are provided today, significant improvements can be made in securing personal information. C1 NIST, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schaffer, K (reprint author), NIST, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kim.schaffer@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 EI 1558-0814 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD DEC PY 2013 VL 46 IS 12 BP 76 EP 79 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 296OS UT WOS:000330195100019 ER PT J AU Kessler, WS Cravatte, S AF Kessler, William S. Cravatte, Sophie TI Mean circulation of the Coral Sea SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Coral Sea; Argo floats; western boundary currents; South Equatorial Current; Solomon Sea; Island Rule ID EAST AUSTRALIAN CURRENT; WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SUBTROPICAL SOUTH-PACIFIC; WIND-DRIVEN CIRCULATION; DEPTH-INTEGRATED FLOW; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; OCEAN CIRCULATION; ZONAL JETS; INDONESIAN THROUGHFLOW; 13-DEGREES-C WATER AB The mean absolute geostrophic circulation of the Coral Sea is constructed from climatological hydrographic data referenced to a 1000 m velocity field derived from Argo float drift. Two branches of the South Equatorial Current (SEC) enter the Coral Sea between New Caledonia and the Solomon Islands: the broad, upper thermocline North Vanuatu Jet (NVJ), and the narrow North Caledonian Jet (NCJ) extending to at least 1500 m. Most of this incoming flow leaves to the Solomon Sea. Four distinct pathways through the Coral Sea are traced by their water properties: (1) The NCJ crosses the Sea to the coast of Australia and turns north at densities sigma 25-27.4 as the main source of the Gulf of Papua (GPC) western boundary current, eventually feeding the New Guinea Coastal Undercurrent; (2) part of the shallow NVJ turns into the Solomon Sea in midbasin, carrying high-salinity water above sigma 25.5; (3) another part of the NVJ continues to Australia, then turns north to join the GPC, extending it to the surface; (4) a shallow finger of NVJ water, traced by low oxygen above sigma 25, turns south along the coast, beginning the East Australian Current (EAC) at 15 degrees S. Total transport from the Coral to the Tasman Sea is small and shallow; instead, most of the EAC is fed from south of New Caledonia, consistent with the Island Rule. However, large transport fractions occur in narrow jets close to coastlines and reefs and are not well sampled, precluding a quantitative estimate of meridional redistribution of the incoming SEC. C1 [Kessler, William S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Cravatte, Sophie] IRD, Noumea, New Caledonia. [Cravatte, Sophie] Univ Toulouse, LEGOS, Observ Midi Pyrenees, IRD,CNRS,CNES, Toulouse, France. RP Kessler, WS (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM william.s.kessler@noaa.gov RI Cravatte, Sophie/J-7081-2016 OI Cravatte, Sophie/0000-0002-2439-8952 FU LEGOS/OMP; Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-09-BLAN-0233-01]; INSU/LEFE/IDAO project Solwara FX The authors honor the many pioneering contributions of Klaus Wyrtki (1925-2013), who wrote the earliest syntheses of the oceanography of this region in the early 1960s that defined the problems we work on today. The present research was possible through the work of the International Argo Program and the national programs that contribute to it (http://www.argo.ucsd.edu), and the CARS compilation of hydrographic data (http://www.cmar/csiro.au/cars). The glider temperature and salinity data used to make Figure 9 were collected, quality controlled, and made available by the Scripps Consortium on the Oceans Role in Climate. This work was done in the context of the SPICE program, and the authors thank their colleagues in this program: Thierry Delcroix, Alexandre Ganachaud, Florent Gasparin, Lionel Gourdeau, Melanie Grenier, and Frederic Marin, as well as Russ Davis and Greg Johnson, for many stimulating discussions. W.S.K. is grateful to LEGOS/OMP for funding to visit Toulouse in 2010 that gave the opportunity to begin this work (and was a glorious experience). This work is cofunded by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (project ANR-09-BLAN-0233-01) and by INSU/LEFE/IDAO project Solwara. This is PMEL contribution 4017. NR 85 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC PY 2013 VL 118 IS 12 BP 6385 EP 6410 DI 10.1002/2013JC009117 PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 292TU UT WOS:000329926200005 ER PT J AU Volkov, DL Landerer, FW AF Volkov, Denis L. Landerer, Felix W. TI Nonseasonal fluctuations of the Arctic Ocean mass observed by the GRACE satellites SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Arctic Ocean; GRACE; ocean mass; sea level; nonseasonal variability; ECCO2 ID SEA-LEVEL VARIABILITY; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; NORDIC SEAS; CIRCULATION; REANALYSIS; DYNAMICS; SYSTEM; MODEL; BASIN AB Time variable gravity observations from the GRACE satellites reveal strong nonseasonal fluctuations of bottom pressure in the Arctic Ocean on the time scales from 2 to 6 months and a record-high bottom pressure anomaly in February of 2011. Here, we examine the nature and driving forces behind those fluctuations. We find that the nonseasonal variability of the Arctic Ocean mass is strongly coupled to wind forcing. The zonal wind pattern is correlated with a dipole pattern of Arctic Ocean mass changes. Westerly wind intensification over the North Atlantic at about 60 degrees N as well as over the Russian Arctic continental shelf break cause the ocean mass to decrease in the Nordic seas and in the central Arctic, and to increase over the Russian Arctic shelf. Basin-wide Arctic Ocean mass fluctuations are correlated with northward wind anomalies over the northeastern North Atlantic and Nordic seas, and over the Bering Sea. We show that positive (negative) Arctic Ocean mass anomalies are associated with anticyclonic (cyclonic) anomalies of the large-scale ocean circulation pattern. Based on ocean model simulations, we conclude that the observed nonseasonal Arctic Ocean mass variability is mostly explained by the net horizontal wind-driven transports, and the contribution of fresh water fluxes is negligible. We demonstrate that transport anomalies across both the Atlantic and Pacific gateways were equally important for generating large Arctic Ocean mass anomalies in 2011. C1 [Volkov, Denis L.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Volkov, Denis L.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Landerer, Felix W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Volkov, DL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Denis.Volkov@noaa.gov RI Volkov, Denis/A-6079-2011; OI Volkov, Denis/0000-0002-9290-0502; Landerer, Felix/0000-0003-2678-095X FU NASA Physical Oceanography program [NNX11AE27G] FX The ECCO2 model runs have been carried out at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (http://ecco2.jpl.nasa.gov). GRACE ocean data were processed by Don P. Chambers, supported by the NASA MEASURES Program, and are available at http://grace.jpl.nasa.gov. The authors thank James Morison, Andrey Proshutinsky, Molly Baringer, Sang-Ki Lee, and an anonymous reviewer for their comments and suggestions that helped to improve the manuscript. This research was funded by the NASA Physical Oceanography program (grant NNX11AE27G) and carried out at the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory and Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC PY 2013 VL 118 IS 12 BP 6451 EP 6460 DI 10.1002/2013JC009341 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 292TU UT WOS:000329926200009 ER PT J AU Meinen, CS Speich, S Perez, RC Dong, SF Piola, AR Garzoli, SL Baringer, MO Gladyshev, S Campos, EJD AF Meinen, Christopher S. Speich, Sabrina Perez, Renellys C. Dong, Shenfu Piola, Alberto R. Garzoli, Silvia L. Baringer, Molly O. Gladyshev, Sergey Campos, Edmo J. D. TI Temporal variability of the meridional overturning circulation at 34.5 degrees S: Results from two pilot boundary arrays in the South Atlantic SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE meridional overturning circulation; transport; South Atlantic; inverted echo sounder; bottom pressure ID INVERTED ECHO SOUNDERS; HEAT-TRANSPORT; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; GEOSTROPHIC VELOCITY; OCEANIC FLUXES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; THERMOCLINE; MODEL; BATHYTHERMOGRAPHS; 26.5-DEGREES-N AB Data from two boundary arrays deployed along 34.5 degrees S are combined to produce the first continuous in situ time series observations of the basin-wide meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in the South Atlantic. Daily estimates of the MOC between March 2009 and December 2010 range between 3 Sv and 39 Sv (1 Sv=10(6) m(3) s(-1)) after a 10 day low-pass filter is applied. Much of the variability in this approximate to 20 month record occurs at periods shorter than 100 days. Approximately two-thirds of the MOC variability is due to changes in the geostrophic (baroclinic plus barotropic) volume transport, with the remainder associated with the direct wind-forced Ekman transport. When low-pass filtered to match previously published analyses in the North Atlantic, the observed temporal standard deviation at 34.5 degrees S matches or somewhat exceeds that observed by time series observations at 16 degrees N, 26.5 degrees N, and 41 degrees N. For periods shorter than 20 days the basin-wide MOC variations are most strongly influenced by Ekman flows, while at periods between 20 and 90 days the geostrophic flows tend to exert slightly more control over the total transport variability of the MOC. The geostrophic shear variations are roughly equally controlled by density variations on the western and eastern boundaries at all time scales captured in the record. The observed time-mean MOC vertical structure and temporal variability agree well with the limited independent observations available for confirmation. C1 [Meinen, Christopher S.; Perez, Renellys C.; Dong, Shenfu; Garzoli, Silvia L.; Baringer, Molly O.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Speich, Sabrina] Univ Brest, Lab Phys Oceans, Brest, France. [Speich, Sabrina] IFREMER, Brest, France. [Perez, Renellys C.; Dong, Shenfu; Garzoli, Silvia L.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Piola, Alberto R.] Serv Hidrog Naval, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Piola, Alberto R.] Univ Buenos Aires, UMI, IFAECI, CONICET,CNRS, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Gladyshev, Sergey] PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Campos, Edmo J. D.] Univ Sao Paulo, Oceanog Inst, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Meinen, CS (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Christopher.Meinen@noaa.gov RI Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012; Garzoli, Silvia/A-3556-2010; Piola, Alberto/O-2280-2013; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012; Speich, Sabrina/L-3780-2014; Perez, Renellys/D-1976-2012; Dong, Shenfu/I-4435-2013; Campos, edmo/G-6995-2012 OI Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002; Garzoli, Silvia/0000-0003-3553-2253; Piola, Alberto/0000-0002-5003-8926; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194; Speich, Sabrina/0000-0002-5452-8287; Perez, Renellys/0000-0002-4401-3853; Dong, Shenfu/0000-0001-8247-8072; FU Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU); IFREMER programme "Circulation Oceanique"; French Polar Institut Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV); Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR); Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research [CRN3070]; US National Science Foundation [GEO-1128040]; Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2011/50552-4, 2010/06147-5]; Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS); Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA10OAR4320143]; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; NOAA Climate Program Office FX The authors would like to express their great appreciation to the crews and officers of the research vessels which have supported this program to date, including the Brazilian research vessels N.H. Cruzeiro do Sul and N. Oc. Alpha-Crucis, the Argentine research vessel A.R.A. Puerto Deseado (CONICET), the French research vessel Marion Dufresne II (IPEV), the South African research vessel Agulhas, and the Russian research vessel Akademik Vavilov. Also our sincere thanks to the scientific participants who have collected the PIES/CPIES data during the cruises: Rigoberto Garcia, Ulises Rivero, Pedro Pena, Aldo Firpo, Norbert Cortes, Thierry Terre, and Stephan Leizour. And our thanks to those who have helped coordinate these challenging international cruise collaborations, especially Ariel Troisi and Raul Guerrero in Argentina, Luiz Nonnato, Carlos Franca and Francisco Vicentini in Brazil, and Isabelle Ansorge and Sebastiaan Swart in South Africa. Claudia Schmid kindly provided the Argo/Altimeter time-mean reference velocity and Qi Yao calculated the shelf transports from XBT. Many thanks also to the generous researchers who provided us with the OFES model output, especially Yoshikazu Sasai at JAMSTEC, and Ricardo Matano at OSU. Bruno Blanke at LPO and Yann Drillet at MERCATOR kindly provided the ORCA12/NEMO output as well as several helpful suggestions on improving an earlier draft of this paper. Rick Lumpkin, Libby Johns, and three anonymous reviewers also provided helpful suggestions for improving this manuscript, and their help is gratefully acknowledged. S.S. acknowledges the support of grants from the Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU), the IFREMER programme "Circulation Oceanique," the French Polar Institut Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV), and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR). A.R.P. and E.J.D.C. acknowledge the support of grant CRN3070 from the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research, which is supported by the US National Science Foundation (GEO-1128040). E.J.D.C. also acknowledges the support of the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP-Processes 2011/50552-4 and 2010/06147-5). R.C.P., S.D., and S.L.G.'s work on this study was carried out in part under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), cooperative agreement NA10OAR4320143. C.S.M., R.C.P., S.D., S.L.G., and M.O.B. also acknowledge support from the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory and the NOAA Climate Program Office. NR 65 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC PY 2013 VL 118 IS 12 BP 6461 EP 6478 DI 10.1002/2013JC009228 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 292TU UT WOS:000329926200010 ER PT J AU Meinvielle, M Johnson, GC AF Meinvielle, M. Johnson, Gregory C. TI Decadal water-property trends in the California Undercurrent, with implications for ocean acidification SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE California Undercurrent; ocean acidification; dissolved oxygen; spiciness; potential vorticity ID CURRENT SYSTEM; NORTH PACIFIC; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; DECLINING OXYGEN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LONG-TERM; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEM; HYPOXIA; STATE AB This study uses data along the West Coast of North America to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution of water properties to around 500 m depth. The analysis uses potential density ( sigma) as the vertical coordinate and bottom depth and latitude as the horizontal coordinates. The study uses historical data from the World Ocean Database 2009 from 25 degrees N to 50 degrees N and 1950-2012 for a large-scale analysis of water-property spatial structure and temporal trends in the California Current System (CCS), finding significant trends from 1980 to 2012 along density surfaces near the core of the California Undercurrent (CUC), including decreasing dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, increasing warmth and salinity, and decreasing potential vorticity. All these changes are consistent with an increasing influence of Pacific equatorial waters with time. Mixing characteristics along the core of the CUC ( sigma=26.5kgm-3) reveal that the 1980-2012 trends in the water-mass properties in the CUC are mostly consistent with a northward shift of these properties, with additional decreases in DO concentration. These modifications are associated with the shoaling and strengthening of the CUC. The changes also imply increased ocean total (natural and anthropogenic) acidification, as the trend in the DO concentration is consistent with a natural decrease in pH all along the CUC, suggesting that significantly more acidic waters are feeding upwelling onto the shelf around 2012 than around 1980. C1 [Meinvielle, M.; Johnson, Gregory C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Johnson, GC (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 FU NOAA Ocean Acidification Program; National Research Council FX The NOAA Ocean Acidification Program funded this work, and we thank Libby Jewett and Dwight Gledhill for their support. This research was performed while Marion Meinvielle held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at PMEL. Richard Feely, Samantha Siedlecki, and two anonymous reviewers provided useful comments on the manuscript. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC PY 2013 VL 118 IS 12 BP 6687 EP 6703 DI 10.1002/2013JC009299 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 292TU UT WOS:000329926200025 ER PT J AU Miranda, LS Collins, AG Marques, AC AF Miranda, Lucilia S. Collins, Allen G. Marques, Antonio C. TI Internal Anatomy of Haliclystus antarcticus (Cnidaria, Staurozoa) with a Discussion on Histological Features Used in Staurozoan Taxonomy SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Stauromedusae; Medusozoa; body plan; evolution; nematogenesis ID POPULATION BIOLOGY; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; PHYLUM-CNIDARIA; SOUTHERN CHILE; RDNA DATA; STAUROMEDUSA; SCYPHOZOA; PHYLOGENY; AURICULA; EVOLUTION AB Stauromedusae have relatively few macromorphological characters, making both their taxonomy and identification difficult. For this reason, histological characters are also employed in the taxonomy of the group. This study presents a detailed description of the histomorphology of Haliclystus antarcticus Pfeffer, 1889 (Cnidaria, Staurozoa). We make new observations for the species and for the class, and address functional, taxonomical, and evolutionary aspects of staurozoan histo-anatomy. A complete reconstruction of H. antarcticus body plan is used to guide a more detailed observation, based on light microscopy, of structures rarely cited in the literature, such as the intertentacular lobules, the ostia between adjacent perradial pockets, and the male and female gonadal vesicles. Two possible regions of nematocyst formation are hypothesized and discussed. We also provide a review of the current use of histological characters in the taxonomy of the group. Understanding the body plan of stauromedusae is a challenge, because each single individual presents characters found in medusae and in polyps of other medusozoans. Comprehensive histological descriptions are important to establish relations of homology within Staurozoa and Cnidaria, providing crucial data on their evolution. J. Morphol. 274:1365-1383, 2013. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Miranda, Lucilia S.; Marques, Antonio C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Systemat Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Miranda, LS (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, Rua Matao,Trav 14,101,Sala 100, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM mirandals@ib.usp.br RI Marques, Antonio/E-8049-2011; Miranda, Lucilia/L-4930-2015; OI Marques, Antonio/0000-0002-2884-0541; Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691 FU CNPq [135499/2007-0, 142270/2010-5, 490348/2006-8, 304720/2009-7, 562143/2010-6, 563106/2010-7]; FAPESP [2010/07362-7, 2004/09961-4, 2011/50242-5]; CAPES [490348/2006-8, 304720/2009-7, 562143/2010-6, 563106/2010-7, 16499-12-3] FX Contract grant sponsor: CNPq (L. S. M.); Contract grant numbers: 135499/2007-0; 142270/2010-5 Contract grant sponsor: FAPESP (L.S.M.); Contract grant number: 2010/07362-7. Contract grant sponsor: CAPES (L.S.M.); Contract grant number: 16499-12-3 Contract grant sponsor: CAPES, CNPq (A.C.M.); Contract grant numbers: 490348/2006-8, 304720/2009-7, 562143/2010-6, 563106/2010-7; Contract grant sponsor: FAPESP (A.C.M.); Contract grant numbers: Proc. 2004/09961-4, 2011/50242-5. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0362-2525 EI 1097-4687 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 274 IS 12 BP 1365 EP 1383 DI 10.1002/jmor.20185 PG 19 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 295HK UT WOS:000330107000003 PM 24072690 ER PT J AU Chen, S Hong, Y Gourley, JJ Huffman, GJ Tian, YD Cao, Q Yong, B Kirstetter, PE Hu, JJ Hardy, J Li, Z Khan, SI Xue, XW AF Chen, Sheng Hong, Yang Gourley, Jonathan J. Huffman, George J. Tian, Yudong Cao, Qing Yong, Bin Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel Hu, Junjun Hardy, Jill Li, Zhe Khan, Sadiq I. Xue, Xianwu TI Evaluation of the successive V6 and V7 TRMM multisatellite precipitation analysis over the Continental United States SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE evaluation; QPE; TRMM; TMPA ID GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; ANALYSIS TMPA; RAINFALL; PRODUCTS; MODEL; TERRAIN; RADAR AB The spatial error structure of surface precipitation derived from successive versions of the TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) algorithms are systematically studied through comparison with the Climate Prediction Center Unified Gauge daily precipitation Analysis (CPCUGA) over the Continental United States (CONUS) for 3 years from June 2008 to May 2011. The TMPA products include the version-6(V6) and version-7(V7) real-time products 3B42RT (3B42RTV6 and 3B42RTV7) and research products 3B42 (3B42V6 and 3B42V7). The evaluation shows that 3B42V7 improves upon 3B42V6 over the CONUS regarding 3 year mean daily precipitation: the correlation coefficient (CC) increases from 0.85 in 3B42V6 to 0.92 in 3B42V7; the relative bias (RB) decreases from -22.95% in 3B42V6 to -2.37% in 3B42V7; and the root mean square error (RMSE) decreases from 0.80 in 3B42V6 to 0.48 mm in 3B42V7. Distinct improvement is notable in the mountainous West especially along the coastal northwest mountainous areas, whereas 3B42V6 (also 3B42RTV6 and 3B42RTV7) largely underestimates: the CC increases from 0.86 in 3B42V6 to 0.89 in 3B42V7, and the RB decreases from -44.17% in 3B42V6 to -25.88% in 3B42V7. Over the CONUS, 3B42RTV7 gained a little improvement over 3B42RTV6 as RB varies from -4.06% in 3B42RTV6 to 0.22% in 3B42RTV7. But there is more overestimation with the RB increasing from 8.18% to 14.92% (0.16-3.22%) over the central US (eastern). C1 [Chen, Sheng; Hong, Yang; Cao, Qing; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Khan, Sadiq I.; Xue, Xianwu] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Chen, Sheng; Hong, Yang; Cao, Qing; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Hu, Junjun; Hardy, Jill; Khan, Sadiq I.; Xue, Xianwu] Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Hardy, Jill] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Huffman, George J.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Huffman, George J.; Tian, Yudong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tian, Yudong] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yong, Bin] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Hu, Junjun] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Li, Zhe] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, 202 W Boyd St, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013; Huffman, George/F-4494-2014; Yong, Bin/C-2257-2014; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; Xue, Xianwu/C-8006-2016; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015 OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229; Huffman, George/0000-0003-3858-8308; Yong, Bin/0000-0003-1466-2091; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755; Xue, Xianwu/0000-0002-2106-6370; FU NOAA Multi-function Phased-Array Radar Project; NASA Global Precipitation Measurement Ground Validation program FX This work was financially supported both by the NOAA Multi-function Phased-Array Radar Project administrated by the Advanced Radar Research Center at the University of Oklahoma and also by a NASA Global Precipitation Measurement Ground Validation program. NR 35 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 43 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 49 IS 12 BP 8174 EP 8186 DI 10.1002/2012WR012795 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 292UX UT WOS:000329929100024 ER PT J AU Lombardi, SA Chon, GD Lee, JJW Lane, HA Paynter, KT AF Lombardi, Sara A. Chon, Grace D. Lee, James Jin-Wu Lane, Hillary A. Paynter, Kennedy T. TI Shell Hardness and Compressive Strength of the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica, and the Asian Oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis SO BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; GMELIN 1791; BIVALVES; FAILURE; CALCITE; LAYER; CRAB; CLAW AB The valves of oysters act as a physical barrier between tissues and the external environment, thereby protecting the oyster from environmental stress and predation. To better understand differences in shell properties and predation susceptibilities of two physiologically and morphologically similar oysters, Crassostrea virginica and Crassostrea ariakensis, we quantified and compared two mechanical properties of shells: hardness (resistance to irreversible deformation; GPa) and compressive strength (force necessary to produce a crack; N). We found no differences in the hardness values between foliated layers (innermost and outermost foliated layers), age class (C. virginica: 1, 4, 6, 9 years; C. ariakensis: 4, 6 years), or species. This suggests that the foliated layers have similar properties and are likely composed of the same material. The compressive force required to break wet and dry shells was also not different. However, the shells of both six-and nine-year-old C. virginica withstood higher compressive force than C. virginica shells aged either one or four, and the shells of C. ariakensis at both ages studied (4- and 6-years-old). Differences in ability to withstand compressive force are likely explained by differences in thickness and density between age classes and species. Further, we compared the compressive strength of differing ages of these two species to the crushing force of common oyster predators in the Chesapeake Bay. By studying the physical properties of shells, this work may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanical defenses of oysters as well as of their predation vulnerabilities. C1 [Lombardi, Sara A.; Chon, Grace D.; Lane, Hillary A.; Paynter, Kennedy T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lee, James Jin-Wu] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Paynter, Kennedy T.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Lombardi, SA (reprint author), Amer Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM SaraAnnLombardi@gmail.com FU Oyster Recovery Partnership; Howard Hughes Medical Institute Undergraduate Science Education Program FX Support for this research was provided by grants to the University of Maryland from the Oyster Recovery Partnership and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute Undergraduate Science Education Program. This project would not have been possible without the encouragement, assistance, and expertise of Peter Lucas, Erin Vogel, and Shannon McFarlin from George Washington University. We thank Brian Lawn from the National Institute of Standards and Technology for his materials science expertise and guidance. Further, we are grateful to Adriane Michaelis, Karen Kesler, Rebecca Kulp, Emma Weaver, and Drew Needham for their assistance with shell polishing and data collection, and to Robert Bonenberger, Vincent Politano, Jeffrey Jensen, and William Higgins for their academic and logistical help. Additionally, we thank the Horn Point Oyster Hatchery program for supplying the Crassostrea ariakensis used in this study. We also thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that helped strengthen the manuscript. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 22 PU MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY PI WOODS HOLE PA 7 MBL ST, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA SN 0006-3185 EI 1939-8697 J9 BIOL BULL-US JI Biol. Bull. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 225 IS 3 BP 175 EP 183 PG 9 WC Biology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 294JC UT WOS:000330040500005 PM 24445443 ER PT J AU Tandecki, M Zhang, J Collister, R Aubin, S Behr, JA Gomez, E Gwinner, G Orozco, LA Pearson, MR AF Tandecki, M. Zhang, J. Collister, R. Aubin, S. Behr, J. A. Gomez, E. Gwinner, G. Orozco, L. A. Pearson, M. R. TI Commissioning of the Francium Trapping Facility at TRIUMF SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Laser cooling; Instrumentation for radioactive beams (fragmentation devices; fragment and isotope,separators incl. ISOL isobar separators;ion and atom traps; weak-beam diagnostics; radioactive-beam ion sources) ID WEAK NEUTRAL CURRENTS; NUCLEAR ANAPOLE MOMENTS; PARITY VIOLATION; ISOTOPE SHIFTS; ATOMIC PHYSICS; VAPOR-CELL; FUNDAMENTAL SYMMETRIES; HYPERFINE STRUCTURES; MAGNETOOPTICAL TRAP; NONCONSERVATION AB We report on the successful commissioning of the Francium Trapping Facility at TRIUMF. Large laser-cooled samples of francium are produced from a francium ion beam delivered by the ISAC radioactive ion beam facility. The ion beam is neutralized on an yttrium foil, which is subsequently heated to transfer the atoms into the magneto-optical trapping region. We have successfully trapped Fr-207, Fr-209 and Fr-221, with a maximum of 2 : 5 x 105 209Fr atoms. The neutral cold atoms will be used in studies of the weak interaction through measurements of atomic parity non-conservation. C1 [Tandecki, M.; Behr, J. A.; Pearson, M. R.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Zhang, J.; Orozco, L. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, JQI, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhang, J.; Orozco, L. A.] Univ Maryland, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Collister, R.; Gwinner, G.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Aubin, S.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA USA. [Gomez, E.] Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, Inst Fis, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico. RP Orozco, LA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, JQI, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM lorozco@umd.edu FU NRC; TRIUMF; NSERC from Canada; DOE; NSF from the U.S.A.; CONACYT from Mexico FX We would like to thank the ISAC staff at TRIUMF for developing the Fr beam. NRC, TRIUMF, and NSERC from Canada, DOE and NSF from the U.S.A., and CONACYT from Mexico support our work. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 8 AR P12006 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/8/12/P12006 PG 21 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 292OB UT WOS:000329910500055 ER PT J AU Andriolo, A Piovezan, U da Costa, MJRP Torres, HA Vogliotti, A Zerbini, AN Duarte, JMB AF Andriolo, Artur Piovezan, Ubiratan Paranhos da Costa, Mateus J. R. Torres, Hermogenes A. Vogliotti, Alexandre Zerbini, Alexandre N. Duarte, Jose M. B. TI Severe population decline of marsh deer, Blastocerus dichotomus (Cetartiodactyla: Cervidae), a threatened species, caused by flooding related to a hydroelectric power plant SO ZOOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Abundance; anthropogenic impact; cervids; distance sampling; distribution. ID ESTIMATE ABUNDANCE; HUMPBACK WHALES; PARANA RIVER; TICKS ACARI; BRAZIL; HABITAT; DIVERSITY; IXODIDAE; BASIN AB Balancing power production and environmental conservation can be problematic. The objective of this study was to investigate the abundance of marsh deer in the ParanRiver Basin, above the Sergio Motta (Porto Primavera) Dam, before and after the impact of the dam closure. A fixed- wing, flat window aircraft was used to survey study transects. Observations were recorded based on the distance sampling line transect method, assuming that the detection probability decreases with increased distance. The abundance of marsh deer in the survey region prior to flooding was estimated to be 974 individuals (CV = 0.23). The overall abundance dropped from 974 to 444 (CV = 0.26) individuals after flooding, an overall reduction of 54%. This reduction can be attributed to the direct impact of the flooding process, but it was likely exacerbated by indirect effects, such as increased disease, hunting, and reduction in food availability. Prior to flooding, the marsh deer was distributed widely throughout the dam's catchment area; however, the marsh deer habitat was almost completely destroyed by the flooding process. This situation highlights the need to implement management strategies that ensure the survival of the remaining fragmented population. C1 [Andriolo, Artur] Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Zool, BR-36036900 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. [Piovezan, Ubiratan] Embrapa Pantanal, Empresa Brasileira Pesquisa Agr, BR-79320900 Corumba, MS, Brazil. [Paranhos da Costa, Mateus J. R.; Torres, Hermogenes A.; Duarte, Jose M. B.] Univ Estadual Paulista, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. [Vogliotti, Alexandre] Univ Fed Integracao Latino Amer, BR-85867970 Foz Do Iguacu, PR, Brazil. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Andriolo, A (reprint author), Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Zool, Rua Jose Lourenco Kelmer,Campus Univ, BR-36036900 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. EM artur.andriolo@ufjf.edu.br RI Andriolo, Artur/K-5624-2013; Zerbini, Alexandre/G-4138-2012; Barbanti Duarte, Jose Mauricio /C-6946-2013; OI Andriolo, Artur/0000-0002-5582-0183; Barbanti Duarte, Jose Mauricio /0000-0002-7805-0265; Paranhos da Costa, Mateus/0000-0002-0088-4008 NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 21 PU SOC BRASILEIRA ZOOLOGIA, UNIV FEDERAL PARANA PI CURITIBA PA CAIXA POSTAL 19020, CURITIBA, PARANA 81531-980, BRAZIL SN 1984-4670 J9 ZOOLOGIA-CURITIBA JI Zoologia PD DEC PY 2013 VL 30 IS 6 BP 630 EP 638 DI 10.1590/S1984-46702013005000015 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 292YV UT WOS:000329939500007 ER PT J AU Graham, R Alcott, T Hosenfeld, N Grumm, R AF Graham, Randy Alcott, Trevor Hosenfeld, Nanette Grumm, Richard TI Anticipating a Rare Event Utilizing Forecast Anomalies and a Situational Awareness Display The Western US Storms of 18-23 January 2010 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WEATHER; COAST AB From 18 January to 23 January 2010, a series of winter storms impacted the western United States. During this period, a record-setting system produced severe convection, high winds, and heavy rain and snow on 21-22 January. The severe weather included tornadoes in California and gusts in excess of 40 m s(-1) associated with an intense squall line affecting southeast California and Arizona. One of the primary impacts of the storms was a heavy precipitation event across Arizona. Rainfall amounts of 125-250 mm were recorded along the Mogollon Rim in central Arizona, while higher elevations in northern Arizona received 100-150 cm of snow, with one site setting the state's 24-h snowfall record. The heavy snow and high winds resulted in widespread power outages and paralyzed travel across portions of northern Arizona. All-time minimum pressure records were set across a large portion of the western United States from Oregon to Arizona. This was an extraordinary event that was well predicted. Standardized anomalies derived from the GFS Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) indicated a potentially historic storm one week in advance. The forecast synoptic-scale anomalies were well correlated with high-impact weather across the western United States. This case demonstrates the utility of using standardized anomalies to increase situational awareness, which enables operational forecasters to provide decision makers with information regarding the potential significance of pending weather events. The event will also be utilized to demonstrate an anomaly-based situational awareness display for streamlining the identification, and analysis, of significant forecast anomalies. C1 [Graham, Randy; Hosenfeld, Nanette] Natl Weather Serv, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Alcott, Trevor] Natl Weather Serv Western Reg Headquarters, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Grumm, Richard] Natl Weather Serv, State Coll, PA USA. RP Graham, R (reprint author), 2242 W North Temple, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. EM randall.graham@noaa.gov RI Alcott, Trevor/K-1427-2015 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 94 IS 12 BP 1827 EP 1836 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00181.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 287OH UT WOS:000329551600007 ER PT J AU Alves, JHGM Wittmann, P Sestak, M Schauer, J Stripling, S Bernier, NB McLean, J Chao, Y Chawla, A Tolman, H Nelson, G Klotz, S AF Alves, Jose-Henrique G. M. Wittmann, Paul Sestak, Michael Schauer, Jessica Stripling, Scott Bernier, Natacha B. McLean, Jamie Chao, Yung Chawla, Arun Tolman, Hendrik Nelson, Glenn Klotz, Stephen TI THE NCEP-FNMOC COMBINED WAVE ENSEMBLE PRODUCT Expanding Benefits of Interagency Probabilistic Forecasts to the Oceanic Environment SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION SYSTEM; MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLES; MODEL ERROR; SKILL; PERTURBATIONS; COMBINATION; FORMULATION; RATIONALE; TRANSFORM; SUCCESS AB The U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC) have joined forces to establish a first global multicenter ensemble system dedicated to probabilistic forecasts of windwave heights. Both centers run independent wave ensemble systems (WES), which are combined onto a multicenter system with 41 members. A performance assessment of the multicenter wave-height product is made relative to altimeter data. Computed estimates of mean errors, ability to represent uncertainty, and reliability of probabilistic forecasts indicate that the multicenter ensemble product outperforms individual WES and deterministic wave models alike. The investigation includes an evaluation made at NCEP's National Hurricane Center (NHC) of the multicenter WES product, including severe sea-state events. The interagency collaboration has provided an opportunity to investigate in more depth the properties of wave ensembles, which has led to planned improvements that are expected to increase the accuracy of probabilistic forecasts within the oceanic environment. These outcomes are expected to be of great benefit to the society, the economy, and the environment. The successful operational implementation of the multicenter product has brought new opportunities for further collaboration with operational centers in North America, and a planned upgrade to the current interagency system is the inclusion of 20 additional members from a WES under development at Environment Canada. C1 [Alves, Jose-Henrique G. M.] Syst Res Grp Inc, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Alves, Jose-Henrique G. M.; Chao, Yung; Chawla, Arun; Tolman, Hendrik] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Wittmann, Paul; Sestak, Michael] US Navy, Fleet Numer Meteorol & Oceanog Ctr, Monterey, CA USA. [Schauer, Jessica; Stripling, Scott] NOAA, Natl Hurricane Ctr, NCEP, Miami, FL USA. [Bernier, Natacha B.; McLean, Jamie] Environm Canada, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Nelson, Glenn] Forward Slope Inc, San Diego, CA USA. [Klotz, Stephen] Dynam Res Corp, Reston, VA USA. RP Alves, JHGM (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM henrique.alves@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 94 IS 12 BP 1893 EP 1905 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00032.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 287OH UT WOS:000329551600011 ER PT J AU Lindell, MK Brooks, H AF Lindell, Michael K. Brooks, Harold TI WORKSHOP ON WEATHER READY NATION Science Imperatives for Severe Thunderstorm Research SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lindell, Michael K.] Texas A&M Univ, Hazard Reduct & Recovery Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Brooks, Harold] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Lindell, MK (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Hazard Reduct & Recovery Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM mlindell@tamu.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 94 IS 12 BP ES171 EP ES174 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00238.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 287OH UT WOS:000329551600001 ER PT J AU Mariotti, A Schubert, S Mo, K Peters-Lidard, C Wood, A Pulwarty, R Huang, J Barrie, D AF Mariotti, Annarita Schubert, Siegfried Mo, Kingtse Peters-Lidard, Christa Wood, Andy Pulwarty, Roger Huang, Jin Barrie, Dan TI ADVANCING DROUGHT UNDERSTANDING, MONITORING, AND PREDICTION SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Mariotti, Annarita; Pulwarty, Roger; Barrie, Dan] NOAA, OAR, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Schubert, Siegfried] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mo, Kingtse; Huang, Jin] NOAA, NWS, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Peters-Lidard, Christa] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wood, Andy] NOAA, NWS, North West River Forecast Ctr, Portland, OR USA. [Pulwarty, Roger] ESRL PSD, Boulder, CO USA. RP Mariotti, A (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, Climate Program Off, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM annarita.mariotti@noaa.gov RI Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012 OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 94 IS 12 BP ES186 EP ES188 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00248.1 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 287OH UT WOS:000329551600005 ER PT J AU Sandgathe, S Brown, B Etherton, B Tollerud, E AF Sandgathe, Scott Brown, Barbara Etherton, Brian Tollerud, Edward TI DESIGNING MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLES REQUIRES MEANINGFUL METHODOLOGIES SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Sandgathe, Scott] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Brown, Barbara] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Etherton, Brian; Tollerud, Edward] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Tollerud, Edward] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Sandgathe, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM sandgathe@apl.washington.edu RI Etherton, Brian/E-7419-2015 OI Etherton, Brian/0000-0002-2760-0095 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 94 IS 12 BP ES183 EP ES185 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00234.1 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 287OH UT WOS:000329551600004 ER PT J AU Becker, CA Tavazza, F Trautt, ZT de Macedo, RAB AF Becker, Chandler A. Tavazza, Francesca Trautt, Zachary T. de Macedo, Robert A. Buarque TI Considerations for choosing and using force fields and interatomic potentials in materials science and engineering SO CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Force fields; Interatomic potentials; Molecular simulation; Atomistic simulation ID MANY-BODY POTENTIALS; EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; SIMULATION; SYSTEMS; IMPURITIES; SURFACES; METALS; WATER; ORDER; ZNO AB Atomistic simulations are increasingly important in scientific and engineering applications. However, the chosen force field affects the simulation results, sometimes significantly. In this paper, we give some examples of this dependence and outline a set of considerations in the use of force fields, also known as interatomic potentials. It is hoped that this will help users and the wider simulation community better judge the force fields themselves and results derived from their use. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Becker, Chandler A.; Tavazza, Francesca; Trautt, Zachary T.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Trautt, Zachary T.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [de Macedo, Robert A. Buarque] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Becker, CA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chandler.becker@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation's Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program, Division of Materials Research FX RAB was supported in part by the National Science Foundation's Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program, Division of Materials Research. NR 35 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-0286 EI 1879-0348 J9 CURR OPIN SOLID ST M JI Curr. Opin. Solid State Mat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 17 IS 6 SI SI BP 277 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.cossms.2013.10.001 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 286OT UT WOS:000329479300005 ER PT J AU Murphy, KR Mann, IR Rae, IJ Waters, CL Frey, HU Kale, A Singer, HJ Anderson, BJ Korth, H AF Murphy, Kyle R. Mann, Ian R. Rae, I. Jonathan Waters, Colin L. Frey, Harald U. Kale, Andy Singer, Howard J. Anderson, Brian J. Korth, Haje TI The detailed spatial structure of field-aligned currents comprising the substorm current wedge SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE substorms; field-aligned currents; substorm Current Wedge; aurora ID TWO-DIMENSIONAL OBSERVATIONS; AURORAL-ZONE CURRENTS; MAGNETOSPHERIC SUBSTORMS; BIRKELAND CURRENTS; MAGNETOMETER DATA; EVENING SECTOR; MAGNETIC-FIELD; IMAGE-FUV; PULSATIONS; ELECTROJET AB We present a comprehensive two-dimensional view of the field-aligned currents (FACs) during the late growth and expansion phases for three isolated substorms utilizing in situ observations from the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment and from ground-based magnetometer and optical instrumentation from the Canadian Array for Realtime Investigations of Magnetic Activity and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms ground-based arrays. We demonstrate that the structure of FACs formed during the expansion phase and associated with the substorm current wedge is significantly more complex than a simple equivalent line current model comprising a downward FAC in the east and upward FAC in the west. This two-dimensional view demonstrates that azimuthal bands of upward and downward FACs with periodic structuring in latitude form across midnight and can span up to 8h of magnetic local time. However, when averaged over latitude, the overall longitudinal structure of the net FACs resembles the simpler equivalent line current description of the substorm current wedge (SCW). In addition, we demonstrate that the upward FAC elements of the structured SCW are spatially very well correlated with discrete aurora during the substorm expansion phase and that discrete changes in the FAC topology are observed in the late growth phase prior to auroral substorm expansion phase onset. These observations have important implications for determining how the magnetosphere and ionosphere couple during the late growth phase and expansion phase, as well as providing important constraints on the magnetospheric generator of the FACs comprising the SCW. C1 [Murphy, Kyle R.; Mann, Ian R.; Rae, I. Jonathan; Kale, Andy] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. [Waters, Colin L.] Univ Newcastle, Sch Math & Phys Sci, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. [Frey, Harald U.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Singer, Howard J.] NOAA, Space Environm Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Anderson, Brian J.; Korth, Haje] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Rae, I. Jonathan] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. RP Murphy, KR (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. EM kmurphy@ualberta.ca OI Frey, Harald/0000-0001-8955-3282 FU Alberta Innovates Graduate Scholarship; NSERC; Canadian Space Agency (CSA); NASA [NAS5-02099]; NSF [AGS-1004736, AGS-1004814]; CSA [9 F007-046101] FX K.R.M. is funded by an Alberta Innovates Graduate Scholarship. I. R. M is supported by a Discovery Grant from NSERC, and I.J.R. is funded by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). We thank the AMPERE team and the AMPERE Science Center for providing the Iridium-derived data products. We acknowledge NASA contract NAS5-02099 and V. Angelopoulos for use of data from the THEMIS Mission and NSF support of GIMNAST through grant AGS-1004736. Specifically, we thank S. Mende and E. Donovan for use of the THEMIS ASI data. Deployment and data retrieval of the THEMIS ASIs were partly supported by CSA contract 9 F007-046101 to the University of Calgary. We thank S. Mende and C. T. Russell for the use of the THEMIS ground-based magnetometer data and NSF for support through grant AGS-1004814. Operational support for NORSTAR is provided by the CSA and University of Calgary. We acknowledge Brian Jackel and the NORSTAR team for providing the MSP data used in this study. We acknowledge D. K. Milling and the rest of the CARISMA team for data use. CARISMA is operated by the University of Alberta, funded by the CSA. NR 56 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 118 IS 12 BP 7714 EP 7727 DI 10.1002/2013JA018979 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 286ZX UT WOS:000329508900026 ER PT J AU Cousins, EDP Matsuo, T Richmond, AD AF Cousins, E. D. P. Matsuo, Tomoko Richmond, A. D. TI Mesoscale and large-scale variability in high-latitude ionospheric convection: Dominant modes and spatial/temporal coherence SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE high-latitude ionosphere; electric field variability; SuperDARN ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; HF RADAR OBSERVATIONS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; F-REGION; VELOCITY FLUCTUATIONS; SOLAR-WIND; SUPERDARN; PLASMA; IRREGULARITIES; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, a variant of principle component analysis, is applied to 20 months of plasma drift data from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network radars in the high-latitude region of the Northern Hemisphere. Dominant modes of ionospheric electric field variability are identified and the spatial and temporal coherence of this variability is quantified. The first three modes of variability, which, together with the mean, account for approximate to 50% of the observed squared electric field (E-2), are characterized by global spatial scales and long time scales (approximate to 1 h). The first and second modes of variability represent the strengthening/weakening of the global convection pattern and the shaping of the convection pattern into asymmetrical round- and crescent-shaped cells. These two modes are correlated with the B-z and B-y components of the interplanetary magnetic field. The third mode represents the expansion/contraction of the convection pattern and is weakly correlated with the solar wind velocity. For EOFs beyond EOF 3, the power contained in the modes falls off rapidly, the characteristic spatial and temporal scales decrease, and weak correlations with external driving parameters are observed. These higher-order EOFs likely capture more random behavior of the electric field variability. The notable exception to this trend is EOF 11, which captures midlatitude variations on the duskside and is enhanced during subauroral polarization stream events. The EOF technique described in this paper is applied in a companion paper to characterize the covariance of ionospheric electric fields for use in an assimilative mapping procedure. C1 [Cousins, E. D. P.; Richmond, A. D.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Matsuo, Tomoko] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matsuo, Tomoko] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Cousins, EDP (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM ecousins@ucar.edu OI Richmond, Arthur/0000-0002-6708-1023 FU NSF [AGS-1135446, AGS-1025089]; AFOSR [1210429]; NASA [NNX13AD64G]; National Science Foundation FX Operation of the SuperDARN radars is supported by the national funding agencies of the U.S., Canada, the U.K., France, Japan, Italy, South Africa, and Australia. The SuperDARN data were provided by S. G. Shepherd of Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College. We gratefully acknowledge the Space Physics Data Facility; the World Data Center, Kyoto; and the National Geophysical Data Center for providing the high-resolution OMNI data, the AE index data, and the Kpindex data, respectively. This work was supported by NSF grant AGS-1135446, AFOSR award 1210429, and NASA grant NNX13AD64G. TM is supported by NSF award AGS-1025089. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 118 IS 12 BP 7895 EP 7904 DI 10.1002/2013JA019319 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 286ZX UT WOS:000329508900043 ER PT J AU Cousins, EDP Matsuo, T Richmond, AD AF Cousins, E. D. P. Matsuo, Tomoko Richmond, A. D. TI SuperDARN assimilative mapping SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE high-latitude ionosphere; ionospheric electrodynamics; SuperDARN; data assimilation ID HIGH-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; SCALES AB An assimilative mapping procedure is developed to optimally combine information from Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) plasma drift observations and a background statistical convection model to derive global distributions of electrostatic potential. This procedure takes into account statistical properties of the background model errors, obtained through the empirical orthogonal function analysis technique described in a companion paper. The assimilative mapping procedure is evaluated quantitatively using cross-validation and is found to reduce median prediction errors by up to 43% as compared to the existing linear regression-based SuperDARN mapping procedure. Furthermore, the mapped results from the assimilative procedure show a greater dynamic range in convection strength than do those of the regression-based procedure (i.e., the cross-polar cap potential is smaller for weak driving conditions and larger for strong driving conditions). The application of the assimilative procedure is demonstrated for a case study containing a geomagnetic storm. It is shown that, qualitatively, the results of the assimilative procedure appear more smooth and consistent across both data-dense and data-sparse regions than do those of the regression-based procedure. C1 [Cousins, E. D. P.; Richmond, A. D.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Matsuo, Tomoko] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matsuo, Tomoko] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Cousins, EDP (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM ecousins@ucar.edu OI Richmond, Arthur/0000-0002-6708-1023 FU NSF [AGS-1135446, AGS-1025089]; AFOSR [1210429]; NASA [NNX13AD64G]; National Science Foundation FX Operation of the SuperDARN radars is supported by the national funding agencies of the U.S., Canada, the U.K., France, Japan, Italy, South Africa, and Australia. The SuperDARN data were provided by S.G. Shepherd at Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College. We gratefully acknowledge the Space Physics Data Facility and the World Data Center, Kyoto, for providing the high-resolution OMNI data and the AE and Dst index data, respectively. This work was supported by NSF grant AGS-1135446, AFOSR award 1210429, and NASA grant NNX13AD64G. TM is supported by NSF award AGS-1025089. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 118 IS 12 BP 7954 EP 7962 DI 10.1002/2013JA019321 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 286ZX UT WOS:000329508900048 ER PT J AU Cain, AA Nolen, CR Li, YC Davis, R Grunlan, JC AF Cain, Amanda A. Nolen, Craig R. Li, Yu-Chin Davis, Rick Grunlan, Jaime C. TI Phosphorous-filled nanobrick wall multilayer thin film eliminates polyurethane melt dripping and reduces heat release associated with fire SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE Layer-by-layer assembly; Flame retardant; Intumescent; Polyurethane foam; Cone calorimetry ID SUPER GAS BARRIER; FLAME RETARDANTS; POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; OXYGEN BARRIER; CLAY; COATINGS; ASSEMBLIES; COMBUSTION; COTTON; FOAM AB Unique trilayer (TL) thin films of sodium montmorillonite (MMT), poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(sodium phosphate) (PSP) are prepared via layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. This three-component nanocoating completely shuts down melt dripping and reduces heat release of open-celled flexible polyurethane (PU) foam when exposed to direct flame due to a synergistic interaction between PSP and the thermally shielding clay platelets in the condensed phase. Post burn scanning electron microscopy reveals the nanocoating's swollen morphology is able to maintain foam shape, cellular structure, and porosity. Cone calorimetry reveals that 4 TL coated foams (<3 wt% addition) have a peak heat release rate that is reduced by 54% relative to the uncoated control. Using LbL assembly, this work combines two common flame-retarding mechanisms (thermal shielding clay and intumescing PAH/PSP) in a single coating system and provides a foundational platform for new environmentally-benign flame retardant strategies for various substrates (e.g., foam found in home furnishings). (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cain, Amanda A.; Nolen, Craig R.; Grunlan, Jaime C.] Texas A&M Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Li, Yu-Chin; Davis, Rick] NIST, Flammabil Reduct Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Davis, R (reprint author), NIST, Flammabil Reduct Grp, Bldg 224-Rm A265,100 Bur Dr,MS-8665, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rick.davis@nist.gov; jgrunlan@tamu.edu RI Grunlan, Jaime/K-3242-2016 OI Grunlan, Jaime/0000-0001-5241-9741 FU Fire Research Division (FRD) of the Engineering Laboratory (EL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Chemtura FX The authors acknowledge the Fire Research Division (FRD) of the Engineering Laboratory (EL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Chemtura for financial support of this work, the Microscopy & Imaging Center (MIC) for TEM imaging assistance, and the Materials Characterization Facility (MCF) at Texas A&M for SEM/EDX imaging assistance. NR 73 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 10 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 EI 1873-2321 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 98 IS 12 BP 2645 EP 2652 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.09.028 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 285FT UT WOS:000329379800030 ER PT J AU Hlaing, S Harmel, T Gilerson, A Foster, R Weidemann, A Arnone, R Wang, MH Ahmed, S AF Hlaing, Soe Harmel, Tristan Gilerson, Alexander Foster, Robert Weidemann, Alan Arnone, Robert Wang, Menghua Ahmed, Samir TI Evaluation of the VIIRS ocean color monitoring performance in coastal regions SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ocean color radiometry; Coastal waters; Satellite; VIIRS; MODIS; AERONET-OC; SeaPRISM; Validation; Water-leaving radiance; Angstrom coefficient; Aerosol optical thickness; Atmospheric correction ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; AEROSOL OPTICAL-THICKNESS; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; ABOVE-WATER; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; VICARIOUS CALIBRATION; SEAWIFS IMAGERY; TURBID COASTAL; SENSORS AB Ocean color (OC) remote sensing has entered a new phase with the successful deployment of the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor aboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite. The representativeness and accuracy of the VIIRS geophysical products need to be assessed before a wide use of these data by the scientific community. As an integral part of the VIIRS sensor calibration and validation efforts, our group has been continuously monitoring the validity of the VIIRS's OC and atmospheric data stream through time-series in-situ data acquired at the observatory sites which are part of the AERONET-OC network. This paper addresses the preliminary evaluations of the VIIRS sensor's performance for retrieving OC data of typical coastal water environments, by carrying out time-series, as well as qualitative and quantitative match-up comparisons analysis between in-situ and satellite retrieved OC data. Initial time-series match-up comparisons carried out for a year period (January to December, 2012) show that VIIRS data exhibits strong temporal and statistical agreements with AERONET-OC data demonstrating a potential in enhanced coastal water monitoring from space. VIIRS data of two NASA-OBPG processing schemes which apply different vicarious calibration gains and NOAA-IDPS system are analyzed based on in-situ data of LISCO and WaveCIS AERONET-OC sites which are located in Long Island Sound and Gulf of Mexico respectively as well as OC retrievals of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor aboard the Aqua satellite. The underlying cause of the discrepancies observed in VIIRS retrieved normalized water-leaving radiances is also investigated. Finally, as the NASA-OBPG and NOAA-IDPS processing schemes for ocean color data of the VIIRS sensor continue to evolve, the results underline the necessity for monitoring and assessing the validity and consistency of VIIRS' ocean color products, especially for coastal waters. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hlaing, Soe; Gilerson, Alexander; Foster, Robert; Ahmed, Samir] CUNY City Coll, Opt Remote Sensing Lab, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Harmel, Tristan] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Weidemann, Alan] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Arnone, Robert] Univ So Mississippi, Mississippi State, MS 39529 USA. [Wang, Menghua] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Gilerson, A (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Opt Remote Sensing Lab, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM gilerson@ccny.cuny.edu RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 FU Office of Naval Research and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; NASA Ocean Color Processing Group FX This work was partially supported by grants from the Office of Naval Research and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. We would like to thank the NASA AERONET team for SeaPRISM calibration, data processing, and support of site operations and the NASA Ocean Color Processing Group and NOAA for satellite imagery. We are also grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 50 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 139 BP 398 EP 414 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2013.08.013 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 285TK UT WOS:000329417700032 ER PT J AU Zheng, SY Chen, Y Xu, YH Yi, F Zhu, YJ Liu, YH Yang, JH Wang, CS AF Zheng, Shiyou Chen, Yvonne Xu, Yunhua Yi, Feng Zhu, Yujie Liu, Yihang Yang, Junhe Wang, Chunsheng TI In Situ Formed Lithium Sulfide/Microporous Carbon Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE Li-ion battery; lithium-sulfur; Li2S; microporous carbon ID HIGH SPECIFIC ENERGY; LI-S BATTERIES; SULFUR BATTERIES; LIQUID ELECTROLYTE; POROUS CARBON; HIGH-CAPACITY; ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; CELLS; COMPOSITES; PARTICLES AB Highly stable sulfur/microporous carbon (S/MC) composites are prepared by vacuum infusion of sulfur vapor into microporous carbon at 600 degrees C, and lithium sulfide/microporous carbon (Li2S/MC) cathodes are fabricated via a novel and facile in situ lithiation strategy, i.e., spraying commercial stabilized lithium metal powder (SLMP) onto a prepared S/MC film cathode prior to the routine compressing process in cell assembly. The in situ formed Li2S/MC film cathode shows high Coulombic efficiency and long cycling stability in a conventional commercial Li-ion battery electrolyte (1.0 M LiPF6 + EC/DEC (1:1 v/v)). The reversible capacities of Li2S/MC cathodes remain about 650 mAh/g even after 900 charge/discharge cycles, and the Coulombic efficiency is close to 100% at a current density of 0.1C, which demonstrates the best electrochemical performance of Li2S/MC cathodes reported to date. Furthermore, this Li2S/MC film cathode fabricated via our in situ lithiation strategy can be coupled with a Li-free anode, such as graphite, carbon/tin alloys, or Si nanowires to form a rechargeable Li-ion cell. As the Li2S/MC cathode is paired with a commercial graphite anode, the full cell of Li2S/MC-graphite (Li2S-G) shows a stable capacity of around 600 mAh/g in 150 cycles. The Li2S/MC cathodes prepared by high-temperate sulfur infusion and SLMP prelithiation before cell assembly are ready to fit into current Li-ion batteries manufacturing processes and will pave the way to commercialize low-cost Li2S-G Li-ion batteries. C1 [Zheng, Shiyou; Yang, Junhe] Shanghai Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200093, Peoples R China. [Zheng, Shiyou; Xu, Yunhua; Zhu, Yujie; Liu, Yihang; Wang, Chunsheng] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chen, Yvonne] Saft Amer Inc, Space & Def Div, Cockeysville, MD 21030 USA. [Yi, Feng] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yang, JH (reprint author), Shanghai Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200093, Peoples R China. EM jhyang@usst.edu.cn; cswang@umd.edu RI Zheng, Shiyou/D-3645-2012; Wang, Chunsheng/H-5767-2011; Liu, Yihang/E-6958-2013 OI Wang, Chunsheng/0000-0002-8626-6381; Liu, Yihang/0000-0002-2491-9439 FU Army Research Office [W911NF1110231]; National Science Foundation of China [51272157]; Maryland NanoCenter and its NispLab; NSF as an MRSEC Shared Experimental Facility FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Army Research Office under Contract No. W911NF1110231 (Dr. Robert Mantz, Program Manager) and the National Science Foundation of China (No. 51272157). We acknowledge the support of the Maryland NanoCenter and its NispLab. The NispLab is supported in part by the NSF as an MRSEC Shared Experimental Facility. NR 47 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 29 U2 308 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD DEC PY 2013 VL 7 IS 12 BP 10995 EP 11003 DI 10.1021/nn404601h PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 281YO UT WOS:000329137100060 PM 24251957 ER PT J AU Chen, D Li, QB Stutz, JC Mao, YH Zhang, L Pikelnaya, O Tsai, JY Haman, C Lefer, B Rappengluck, B Alvarez, SL Neuman, JA Flynn, J Roberts, JM Nowak, JB de Gouw, J Holloway, J Wagner, NL Veres, P Brown, SS Ryerson, TB Warneke, C Pollack, LB AF Chen, Dan Li, Qinbin Stutz, Jochen Mao, Yuhao Zhang, Li Pikelnaya, Olga Tsai, Jui Yi Haman, Christine Lefer, Barry Rappenglueck, Bernhard Alvarez, Sergio L. Neuman, J. Andrew Flynn, James Roberts, James M. Nowak, John B. de Gouw, Joost Holloway, John Wagner, Nicholas L. Veres, Patrick Brown, Steven S. Ryerson, Thomas B. Warneke, Carsten Pollack, Liana B. TI WRF-Chem simulation of NOx and O-3 in the LA basin during CalNex-2010 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE CalNex; WRF-Chem evaluation; Ozone; NOx; LA basin ID LOS-ANGELES BASIN; WEEKDAY-WEEKEND DIFFERENCES; MOTOR-VEHICLE EMISSIONS; COAST AIR BASIN; 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; OZONE FORMATION; NITROGEN-OXIDE AB NO3 emissions and O-3 chemistry in the Los Angeles (LA.) Basin during the CalNex-2010 field campaign (May June 2010) have been evaluated by analyzing O-3 and NOy (NO, NO2, HNO3, PAN) observations using a regional air quality model (WRF-Chem). Model simulations were conducted at 4-km spatial resolution over the basin using the Carbon-Bond Mechanism version Z (CBM-Z) and NOx emissions reduced by 24% relative to 2005 National Emissions Inventory (NEI'05), according to recent state emission statistics (BASE_NOx scenario). In addition, a 22-26% NOx emission reduction from weekday to weekend was applied. WRF-Chem reproduced the observed diurnal cycle and day-to-day variations in surface O-3, O-x, HNO3 and HCHO (correlation r(2) = 0.57 - 0.63; pairs of data n > 400; confidence value p < 0.01) at the CalNex supersite at Caltech but consistently overestimated surface NO and NO2. A 45% reduction of NOx emissions relative to NEI'05 (LOW_NOx scenario), as suggested by the OMI-NO2 column trend in California over the same period, improved the agreement of modeled NO2, NO3, and O-3 with observations on weekdays. Three-dimensional distributions of daytime O-3 and NO were compared with five daytime NOAA WP-3D flights (three on weekdays and two on weekends) to study the Weekend-to-Weekday (WE-to-WD) effects by using the LOW_NOx scenario. Aircraft data showed a 17.3 ppb O-3 increase and a 54% NOy reduction in the boundary layer on weekends relative to weekdays, while modeled WE-to-MID differences were much smaller, with a 2.9 ppb O-3 increase and 16% NOy reduction only. Model results on weekends underestimated O-3 by 23% and overestimated NO and HNO3 by 40% and 27%, respectively, which may indicate that weekend NO3 emissions (45% reduction relative to NEI'05 with a 22-26% reduction on weekends compared to weekdays) were still overestimated in the model. Comparisons of PAN to HNO3 ratios also indicated that the enhanced photochemistry on weekends was not well represented in the model. Although modeled weekday O-3 was close to the observations in the boundary layer, modeled PAN and HNO3 were overestimated by 30% and 22%, respectively, and modeled NOy was underestimated by 24% on weekdays. Interpreted as emission ratios, the slopes of volatile organic compound (VOC) species versus CO concentrations indicated that speciated VOC emissions in the model were not accurately represented, impacting the photochemistry in the model. These findings argue for the need to improve our understanding of VOC emissions and their photochemical processing in the model. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Dan; Li, Qinbin; Stutz, Jochen; Mao, Yuhao; Zhang, Li; Pikelnaya, Olga; Tsai, Jui Yi] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Chen, Dan; Li, Qinbin; Stutz, Jochen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, JIFRESSE, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Haman, Christine; Lefer, Barry; Rappenglueck, Bernhard; Alvarez, Sergio L.; Flynn, James] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Neuman, J. Andrew; Roberts, James M.; Nowak, John B.; de Gouw, Joost; Holloway, John; Wagner, Nicholas L.; Veres, Patrick; Brown, Steven S.; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Warneke, Carsten; Pollack, Liana B.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Nowak, John B.; de Gouw, Joost; Holloway, John; Wagner, Nicholas L.; Veres, Patrick; Warneke, Carsten; Pollack, Liana B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO USA. RP Chen, D (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM dchen@ucar.edu RI Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Chen, Dan/R-4486-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Lefer, Barry/B-5417-2012; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Wagner, Nicholas/E-7437-2010; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Stutz, Jochen/K-7159-2014; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; ZHANG, LI/C-6743-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 FU NOAA Global Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program FX The authors would like to thank Caltech for providing the site and CARB for the infrastructure at the site. The author is grateful to Stu McKeen and Si-wan Kim for providing the emission inventory and helping set up the model. Thanks are also given to Ken Aikin at NOAA for providing the WP-3D meteorological data. This study was funded by the NOAA Global Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program. NR 55 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 45 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 81 BP 421 EP 432 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.08.064 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 285EY UT WOS:000329377600046 ER PT J AU Frost, GJ Middleton, P Tarrason, L Granier, C Guenther, A Cardenas, B van der Gon, HD Janssens-Maenhout, G Kaiser, JW Keating, T Klimont, Z Lamarque, JF Liousse, C Nickovici, S Ohara, T Schultz, MG Skiba, U van Aardenne, J Wang, YX AF Frost, Gregory J. Middleton, Paulette Tarrason, Leonor Granier, Claire Guenther, Alex Cardenas, Beatriz van der Gon, Hugo Denier Janssens-Maenhout, Greet Kaiser, Johannes W. Keating, Terry Klimont, Zbigniew Lamarque, Jean-Francois Liousse, Catherine Nickovici, Slobodan Ohara, Toshimasa Schultz, Martin G. Skiba, Ute van Aardenne, John Wang, Yuxuan TI New Directions: GEIA's 2020 vision for better air emissions information SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Frost, Gregory J.; Granier, Claire] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Middleton, Paulette] Panorama Pathways, Boulder, CO USA. [Tarrason, Leonor] Norwegian Inst Air Res, NILU, Kjeller, Norway. [Granier, Claire] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSU, LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France. [Granier, Claire] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Guenther, Alex; Lamarque, Jean-Francois] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Cardenas, Beatriz] INECC, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [van der Gon, Hugo Denier] TNO, Netherlands Org Appl Sci Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Janssens-Maenhout, Greet] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Kaiser, Johannes W.] Kings Coll London, London, England. [Kaiser, Johannes W.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England. [Kaiser, Johannes W.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Keating, Terry] US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Air & Radiat, Washington, DC USA. [Klimont, Zbigniew] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Liousse, Catherine] Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. [Nickovici, Slobodan] World Meteorol Org, Geneva, Switzerland. [Schultz, Martin G.] Forschungszentrum Julich, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Skiba, Ute] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [van Aardenne, John] European Environm Agcy, Air & Climate Change Programme, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Wang, Yuxuan] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Frost, GJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM gregory.frost@colorado.edu; paulette@panoramapathways.net; leonor.tarrason@nilu.no; claire.granier@latmos.ipsl.fr; guenther@ucar.edu; bcardena@ine.gob.mx; hugo.deniervandergon@tno.nl; greetmaenhout@jrc.ec.europa.eu; j.kaiser@ecmwf.int; keating.terry@epa.gov; klimont@iiasa.ac.at; lamar@ucar.edu; Catherine.Liousse@aero.obs-mip.fr; snickovic@wmo.int; tohara@nies.go.jp; m.schultz@fz-juelich.de; ums@ceh.ac.uk; jva@eea.europa.eu; yxw@tsinghua.edu.cn RI Kaiser, Johannes/A-7057-2012; Wang, Yuxuan/C-6902-2014; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Granier, Claire/D-5360-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Skiba, Ute/I-6441-2012; Klimont, Zbigniew/P-7641-2015; Schultz, Martin/I-9512-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Kaiser, Johannes/0000-0003-3696-9123; Wang, Yuxuan/0000-0002-1649-6974; Granier, Claire/0000-0001-7344-7995; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Klimont, Zbigniew/0000-0003-2630-198X; Schultz, Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X; NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 81 BP 710 EP 712 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.08.063 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 285EY UT WOS:000329377600077 ER PT J AU Dresback, KM Fleming, JG Blanton, BO Kaiser, C Gourley, JJ Tromble, EM Luettich, RA Kolar, RL Hong, Y Van Cooten, S Vergara, HJ Flamig, ZL Lander, HM Kelleher, KE Nemunaitis-Monroe, KL AF Dresback, Kendra M. Fleming, Jason G. Blanton, Brian O. Kaiser, Carola Gourley, Jonathan J. Tromble, Evan M. Luettich, Richard A., Jr. Kolar, Randall L. Hong, Yang Van Cooten, Suzanne Vergara, Humberto J. Flamig, Zac L. Lander, Howard M. Kelleher, Kevin E. Nemunaitis-Monroe, Kodi L. TI Skill assessment of a real-time forecast system utilizing a coupled hydrologic and coastal hydrodynamic model during Hurricane Irene (2011) SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Prototype total water level modeling system; Hydrodynamics; Hydrology; Water waves; Wind; Hurricanes ID STORM-SURGE MODEL; SOUTHERN LOUISIANA; WIND; VALIDATION; HINDCAST; ESTUARY; WAVES; GRIDS; HRD AB Due to the devastating effects of recent hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico (e.g., Katrina, Rita, Ike and Gustav), the development of a high-resolution, real-time, total water level prototype system has been accelerated. The fully coupled model system that includes hydrology is an extension of the ADCIRC Surge Guidance System (ASGS), and will henceforth be referred to as ASGS-STORM (Scalable, Terrestrial, Ocean, River, Meteorological) to emphasize the major processes that are represented by the system. The ASGS-STORM system incorporates tides, waves, winds, rivers and surge to produce a total water level, which provides a holistic representation of coastal flooding. ASGS-STORM was rigorously tested during Hurricane Irene, which made landfall in late August 2011 in North Carolina. All results from ASGS-STORM for the advisories were produced in real-time, forced by forecast wind and pressure fields computed using a parametric tropical cyclone model, and made available via the web. Herein, a skill assessment, analyzing wind speed and direction, significant wave heights, and total water levels, is used to evaluate ASGS-STORM's performance during Irene for three advisories and the best track from the National Hurricane Center (NHC). ASGS-STORM showed slight over-prediction for two advisories (Advisory 23 and 25) due to the over-estimation of the storm intensity. However, ASGS-STORM shows notable skill in capturing total water levels, wind speed and direction, and significant wave heights in North Carolina when utilizing Advisory 28, which had a slight shift in the track but provided a more accurate estimation of the storm intensity, along with the best track from the NHC. Results from ASGS-STORM have shown that as the forecast of the advisories improves, so does the accuracy of the models used in the study; therefore, accurate input from the weather forecast is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition to ensure the accuracy of the guidance provided by the system. While Irene provided a realtime test of the viability of a total water level system, the relatively insignificant freshwater discharges precludes definitive conclusions about the role of freshwater discharges on total water levels in estuarine zones. Now that the system has been developed, on-going work will examine storms (e.g., Floyd) for which the freshwater discharge played a more meaningful role. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dresback, Kendra M.; Tromble, Evan M.; Kolar, Randall L.; Hong, Yang; Vergara, Humberto J.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Fleming, Jason G.] Seahorse Coastal Consulting, Morehead City, NC USA. [Blanton, Brian O.; Lander, Howard M.] RENCI Renaissance Comp Inst, Raleigh, NC USA. [Kaiser, Carola] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.; Kelleher, Kevin E.; Nemunaitis-Monroe, Kodi L.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Luettich, Richard A., Jr.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Van Cooten, Suzanne] Natl Weather Serv, NOAA, Lower Mississippi River Forecast Ctr, Slidell, LA USA. [Flamig, Zac L.; Nemunaitis-Monroe, Kodi L.] Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Dresback, KM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM dresback@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755 FU NOAA (IOOS program) [NA07NOS4730212]; US Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Center of Excellence-Coastal Hazards Center [2008-ST-061-ND0001]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; United States Department of Commerce; University of Oklahoma FX Funding for this project was provided, in part, by NOAA (IOOS program, through contract #NA07NOS4730212), US Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Center of Excellence-Coastal Hazards Center (through award #2008-ST-061-ND0001), NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement #NA11OAR4320072, United States Department of Commerce, and the University of Oklahoma. The Renaissance Computing Institute at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill provided computing resources and operational support for the ASGS. We also thank our CI-FLOW collaborators at NOAA's National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) for helping in bringing this project to fruition. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the US Department of Homeland Security or other funding agencies. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 71 BP 78 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2013.10.007 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 282DC UT WOS:000329149500008 ER PT J AU Maher, BA Possolo, A AF Maher, B. A. Possolo, A. TI Statistical models for use of palaeosol magnetic properties as proxies of palaeorainfall SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Palaeoclimate; Palaeorainfall; Magnetic susceptibility; Pedogenesis; Palaeosol; Climofunction; Logistic curve; Errors-in-variables; Bootstrap; Simultaneous confidence region ID CHINESE LOESS PLATEAU; MODERN SOILS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CALIBRATION; RECORD; RECONSTRUCTIONS; REGRESSION; TIMESCALE; INTERVALS; CLIMATE AB The magnetic properties of well-drained, near-neutral modem soils exhibit strong relationships with mean annual precipitation (MAP, conventional 30-year averages). The pedogenic magnetic susceptibility is low for low MAP values (approximate to 300 mm/yr), increases with increasing MAP (up to approximate to 1500 mm/yr), and then flattens or declines for higher MAP values. These relationships have been amply documented, characterised quantitatively, and used for Quaternary palaeorainfall reconstructions. However, neither the fitting of climofunctions nor the evaluation of the associated uncertainty had yet been done recognizing the measurement errors that invariably affect the values of magnetic susceptibility and of MAP. Using published datasets - from the Great Plains of the United States, from the Chinese Loess Plateau and the Russian steppe, from arid and tropical areas of Mali, and from Mediterranean and Saharan regions of Morocco - we illustrate the development and calibration of statistical models that enable the use of magnetic properties of palaeosols as proxies for palaeorainfall. The methods we use (errors-in-variables regression) take into account the measurement errors that inevitably affect both the measurements of magnetic susceptibility, and of rainfall. We also characterise the uncertainty of the palaeoclimatic reconstructions that these models produce, and show that the uncertainty with which we can estimate the long-term (over hundreds of years) average values of MAP that truly characterise the prevailing climate, is sufficiently small to enable reliable palaeoclimate reconstructions. As an example, we provide an assessment of the uncertainty of the Holocene palaeorainfall reconstruction for Duowa, Qinghai Province, in the Chinese Loess Plateau, which corroborates the changes in the regimen of monsoons detected in previous studies. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Maher, B. A.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Ctr Environm Magnetism & Palaeomagnetism, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Possolo, A.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Maher, BA (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Ctr Environm Magnetism & Palaeomagnetism, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. EM b.maher@lancaster.ac.uk OI Maher, Barbara/0000-0002-8759-8214 NR 42 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 EI 1872-6364 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD DEC PY 2013 VL 111 BP 280 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2013.09.017 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 285FB UT WOS:000329378000023 ER PT J AU Diky, V Chirico, RD Muzny, CD Kazakov, AF Kroenlein, K Magee, JW Abdulagatov, I Frenkel, M AF Diky, Vladimir Chirico, Robert D. Muzny, Chris D. Kazakov, Andrei F. Kroenlein, Kenneth Magee, Joseph W. Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin Frenkel, Michael TI ThermoData Engine (TDE): Software Implementation of the Dynamic Data Evaluation Concept. 9. Extensible Thermodynamic Constraints for Pure Compounds and New Model Developments SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING LA English DT Article ID MODIFIED UNIFAC DORTMUND; TECHNICAL APPLICATIONS; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; DATA COMPILATIONS; LIQUID-MIXTURES; POLAR FLUIDS; STATE; EQUATIONS; REVISION; QUALITY AB ThermoData Engine (TDE) is the first full-scale software implementation of the dynamic data evaluation concept, as reported in this journal. The present article describes the background and implementation for new additions in latest release of TDE. Advances are in the areas of program architecture and quality improvement for automatic property evaluations, particularly for pure compounds. It is shown that selection of appropriate program architecture supports improvement of the quality of the on-demand property evaluations through application of a readily extensible collection of constraints. The basis and implementation for other enhancements to TDE are described briefly. Other enhancements include the following: (1) implementation of model-validity enforcement for specific equations that can provide unphysical results if unconstrained, (2) newly refined group-contribution parameters for estimation of enthalpies of formation for pure compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, (3) implementation of an enhanced group-contribution method (NIST-Modified UNIFAC) in TDE for improved estimation of phase-equilibrium properties for binary mixtures, (4) tools for mutual validation of ideal-gas properties derived through statistical calculations and those derived independently through combination of experimental thermodynamic results, (5) improvements in program reliability and function that stem directly from the recent redesign of the TRC-SOURCE Data Archival System for experimental property values, and (6) implementation of the Peng-Robinson equation of state for binary mixtures, which allows for critical evaluation of mixtures involving supercritical components. Planned future developments are summarized. C1 [Diky, Vladimir; Chirico, Robert D.; Muzny, Chris D.; Kazakov, Andrei F.; Kroenlein, Kenneth; Magee, Joseph W.; Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin; Frenkel, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Frenkel, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM michael.frenkel@nist.gov RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009 OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593 NR 68 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9596 EI 1549-960X J9 J CHEM INF MODEL JI J. Chem Inf. Model. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 53 IS 12 BP 3418 EP 3430 DI 10.1021/ci4005699 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 281YU UT WOS:000329137700030 PM 24245860 ER PT J AU Lazzati, D Villeneuve, M Lopez-Camara, D Morsony, BJ Perna, R AF Lazzati, D. Villeneuve, M. Lopez-Camara, D. Morsony, B. J. Perna, R. TI On the observed duration distribution of gamma-ray bursts from collapsars SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; methods: numerical; gamma-ray burst: general ID STAR-FORMATION RATE; RELATIVISTIC JETS; MASSIVE STARS; LONG; REIONIZATION; FLARES; CLASSIFICATION; PROPAGATION; VARIABILITY; GRB-060614 AB The duration of the prompt emission of long gamma-ray bursts is generally considered to be fairly similar to the duration of the activity of the engine in the centre of the progenitor star. Here, we investigate the relation between the duration of the engine activity and that of the observed light curve, using inputs from both numerical simulations and observations. We find that the observed burst duration is a good proxy for the engine duration after the time necessary for the jet to break out the star's surface is subtracted. However, the observed duration is a function of the viewing angle and can be significantly shorter than the duration of the engine activity. We also show that the observed, redshift-corrected burst duration evolves only moderately with redshift for both observations and synthetic light curves. We conclude that the broad distribution of the observed duration of long Burst And Transient Sources Experiment (BATSE) gamma-ray bursts is mostly accounted for by an engine lasting similar to 20 s, the dispersion being due to viewing and redshift effects. Our results do not rule out the existence of engines with very long duration. However, we find that they are constrained to be a small minority of the BATSE detected bursts. C1 [Lazzati, D.; Lopez-Camara, D.] NC State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Villeneuve, M.; Perna, R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Morsony, B. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Perna, R.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perna, R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lazzati, D (reprint author), NC State Univ, Dept Phys, 2401 Stinson Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM davide_lazzati@ncsu.edu FU NSF [AST-1062736, AST 1009396]; Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program at the University of Colorado Boulder; Fermi GI programme [NNX10AP55G, NNX12AO74G]; NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship [AST-1102796] FX We thank S. E. Woosley and A. Heger for making their pre-SN models available. The software used in this work was in part developed by the DOE-supported ASC/Alliance Center for Astrophysical Thermonuclear Flashes at the University of Chicago. MV acknowledges support from NSF grant AST-1062736 for her participation in the URCA summer programme at NCSU, where this work was initially developed, and the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program at the University of Colorado Boulder. This work was supported in part by the Fermi GI programme grants NNX10AP55G and NNX12AO74G (DL and DL-C), and by NSF Grant No. AST 1009396 (RP). BJM is supported by an NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship under award AST-1102796. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 436 IS 2 BP 1867 EP 1872 DI 10.1093/mnras/stt1705 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 258LP UT WOS:000327461100074 ER PT J AU Tyler, JC Collette, BB Broughton, EA AF Tyler, James C. Collette, Bruce B. Broughton, Elisabeth A. TI Northern Range Extension to Georges Bank for Hollardia hollardi (Reticulate Spikefish) (Triacanthodidae, Tetraodontiformes) SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Hollardia hollardi (Reticulate Spikefish) is reported from two specimens caught in lobster traps along the southern edge of Georges Bank, far north of its previously known northern distribution from southern Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. C1 [Tyler, James C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Fishes, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Collette, Bruce B.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Broughton, Elisabeth A.] Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Tyler, JC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Fishes, MRC 159,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM tylerj@si.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PD DEC PY 2013 VL 20 IS 4 BP N33 EP N36 DI 10.1656/045.020.0421 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 283EB UT WOS:000329227100006 ER PT J AU Schultz, IR Nagler, JJ Swanson, P Wunschel, D Skillman, AD Burnett, V Smith, D Barry, R AF Schultz, Irvin R. Nagler, James J. Swanson, Penny Wunschel, Dave Skillman, Ann D. Burnett, Vicki Smith, Derek Barry, Richard TI Toxicokinetic, Toxicodynamic, and Toxicoproteomic Aspects of Short-term Exposure to Trenbolone in Female Fish SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE androgenic; iTRAQ; gonadotropin; clearance; plasma binding ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; HORMONE-BINDING GLOBULIN; DESORPTION/IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; RAINBOW-TROUT; FATHEAD MINNOW; REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PLASMA PROTEOME AB The toxicokinetics of trenbolone was characterized during 500ng/l water exposures in female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Related experiments measured various toxicodynamic effects of exposure. In both species, trenbolone was rapidly absorbed from the water and reached peak plasma levels within 8h of exposure. Afterwards, trenbolone concentrations in trout (6695ng/ml) were 26 times higher compared with minnows (1529ng/ml), which was attributable to greater plasma binding in trout. During water exposures, circulating levels of estradiol (E2) rapidly decreased in both species to a concentration that was 25%40% of control values by 824h of exposure and then remained relatively unchanged for the subsequent 6 days of exposure. In trout, changes in circulating levels of follicle-stimulating hormone were also significantly greater after trenbolone exposure, relative to controls. In both species, the pharmacokinetics of injected E2-d(3) was altered by trenbolone exposure with an increase in total body clearance and a corresponding decrease in elimination half-life. The unbound percentage of E2 in trout plasma was 0.25%, which was similar in pre- or postvitellogenic female trout. Subsequent incubation with trenbolone caused the unbound percentage to significantly increase to 2.4% in the previtellogenic trout plasma. iTRAQ-based toxicoproteomic studies in minnows exposed to 5, 50, and 500ng/l trenbolone identified a total of 148 proteins with 19 downregulated including vitellogenin and 18 upregulated. Other downregulated proteins were fibrinogens, -2-macroglobulin, and transferrin. Upregulated proteins included amine oxidase, apolipoproteins, parvalbumin, complement system proteins, and several uncharacterized proteins. The results indicate trenbolone exposure is a highly dynamic process in female fish with uptake and tissue equilibrium quickly established, leading to both rapid and delayed toxicodynamic effects. C1 [Schultz, Irvin R.; Skillman, Ann D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, Battelle, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. [Nagler, James J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Nagler, James J.] Univ Idaho, Ctr Reprod Biol, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Swanson, Penny] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Wunschel, Dave] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Burnett, Vicki] SciWit Inc, Henderson, NV 89052 USA. [Smith, Derek] Univ Victoria, Genome BC Prote Ctr, Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada. [Barry, Richard] Agilent Technol, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Schultz, IR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, Battelle, 1529 West Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. EM ir_schultz@pnl.gov FU USEPA-Science To Achieve Results [R835167]; NSF [DMS-0540693]; Battelle Independent Research and Development award FX USEPA-Science To Achieve Results (award number R835167); NSF grant DMS-0540693; a Battelle Independent Research and Development award. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 35 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 136 IS 2 BP 413 EP 429 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kft220 PG 17 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 275RQ UT WOS:000328695500013 PM 24072461 ER PT J AU Trukhanova, IS Gurarie, E Sagitov, RA AF Trukhanova, Irina S. Gurarie, Eliezer Sagitov, Rustam A. TI Distribution of Hauled-Out Ladoga Ringed Seals (Pusa hispida ladogensis) in Spring 2012 SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Ladoga ringed seal; ice associated seals; distribution; fisheries; ecological factors; modeling ID ARCTIC MARINE MAMMALS; PHOCA-HISPIDA; ICE AB The spatial distribution and habitat selection of the Ladoga ringed seal (Pusa hispida ladogensis), an endangered, freshwater seal, are poorly understood, particularly for the ice-covered period. A fixed-wing, strip-transect aerial survey conducted in early April 2012, before the Lake Ladoga breakup, provided data on seal density and distribution throughout the lake in relation to several environmental covariates: depth, distance to shore, recreational ice-fishing activity, and ice type. A predictive model was applied to combinations of covariates to estimate the total number of seals hauled out on ice of Lake Ladoga. The model estimate was 5068 (95% CI: 4026-7086) seals over an area of 16 827 km(2). The mean observed seal density was 0.29 seals/km(2) (SD = 0.351, range from 0 to 8.61), and density was highest (> 1 seal/km(2)) in regions that were relatively shallow (< 50 m). Densities appeared to increase with distance from shore but dropped off again at the longest distances. The average density was lower in fast ice habitats (0.13 seals/km(2)) than in drifting pack ice habitats (0.44 seals/km(2)). Relatively high seal densities observed in "ice edge" zones (0.26 seals/km(2)) could be explained by the ice formation pattern of large" ridged and hummocked areas in the transition zone between shorefast ice and secondary ice. The presence of fishermen had a highly significant negative effect on seal presence (beta = -7.8, p = 0.0014), resulting in a nearly twofold decrease in seal density in shorefast ice habitats (0.09 seals/km(2) in fishing areas and 0.15 seals/km(2) in areas without fishing activity). An extensive winter recreational fishery, in combination with potential negative trends in ice conditions on the lake, might reduce the amount of suitable habitat for the Ladoga ringed seal in the near future. C1 [Trukhanova, Irina S.; Sagitov, Rustam A.] St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Trukhanova, Irina S.; Sagitov, Rustam A.] SPbCPO Biologists Nat Conservat, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Gurarie, Eliezer] Univ Washington, Dept Stat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gurarie, Eliezer] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Trukhanova, IS (reprint author), St Petersburg State Univ, 7-9 Univ Skaya Nab, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. EM irina_trukhanova@yahoo.com OI Gurarie, Eliezer/0000-0002-8666-9674 FU Marine Mammal Commission (USA) FX The study was conducted within the framework of the project "Assessment of ringed seal by-catch in commercial fisheries and its impact on seal populations in Lake Ladoga, Northwest Russia" supported by the Marine Mammal Commission (USA). The authors are grateful to the observers who contributed to data collection, M. Verevkin and V. Vysotsky. We thank aero club "Vzletim.ru" staff for making the aerial survey possible. We would like to acknowledge Dr. Kristin Laidre for her useful comments, which helped to improve the manuscript. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 EI 1923-1245 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD DEC PY 2013 VL 66 IS 4 BP 417 EP 428 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 282AQ UT WOS:000329142900004 ER PT J AU Sykioti, EA Assael, MJ Huber, ML Perkins, RA AF Sykioti, E. A. Assael, M. J. Huber, M. L. Perkins, R. A. TI Reference Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of Methanol from the Triple Point to 660 K and up to 245 MPa SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE critical phenomena; methanol; thermal conductivity; transport properties ID HOT-WIRE METHOD; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; CRITICAL REGION; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; LIQUIDS; FLUIDS; PRESSURE; TEMPERATURE AB This paper contains new, representative reference equations for the thermal conductivity of methanol. The equations are based in part upon a body of experimental data that has been critically assessed for internal consistency and for agreement with theory whenever possible. In the case of the dilute-gas thermal conductivity, a theoretically based correlation was adopted in order to extend the temperature range of the experimental data. Moreover, in the critical region, the experimentally observed enhancement of the thermal conductivity is well represented by theoretically based equations containing just one adjustable parameter. The correlation is applicable for the temperature range from the triple point to 660 K and pressures up to 245 MPa. The overall uncertainty (at the 95% confidence level) of the correlation over its range of applicability for the liquid and supercritical phases, excluding the critical region, is estimated to be less than 4.4%. The dilute gas region has an estimated uncertainty of 3%, and the liquid at atmospheric pressure is represented to 2%. Uncertainty in regions where data are unavailable for comparison, such as the dense gas region, may be larger. (C) 2013 by the U. S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. C1 [Sykioti, E. A.; Assael, M. J.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Dept Chem Engn, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. [Huber, M. L.; Perkins, R. A.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Huber, ML (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM marcia.huber@nist.gov OI Perkins, Richard/0000-0002-8526-6742 FU International Association for Transport Properties (IATP); International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry FX The work described in this paper was carried out under the auspices of the International Association for Transport Properties (IATP). The authors gratefully acknowledge the partial financial support of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. The authors are indebted to Professor W. A. Wakeham for many valuable discussions and suggestions during the course of this work. NR 80 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 EI 1529-7845 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD DEC PY 2013 VL 42 IS 4 AR UNSP 043101 DI 10.1063/1.4829449 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 282OU UT WOS:000329182300001 ER PT J AU Gardner, JV Calder, BR Malik, M AF Gardner, James V. Calder, Brian R. Malik, Mashkoor TI Geomorphometry and processes that built Necker Ridge, central North Pacific Ocean SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Necker Ridge; multibeam bathymetry; Mid-Pacific Mountains; volcanic flows; volcanic pinnacles; summit platform; archipelagic apron ID VOLCANIC-ROCKS; GUYOTS; HAWAII; PLATE; SUBSIDENCE; MOUNTAINS; SEAMOUNTS; CALCITE; ISLANDS; ORIGIN AB Necker Ridge is an enigmatic 650-km long, narrow, linear aseismic bathymetric feature that rises 2500 to 3000m above the abyssal seafloor south of the Hawaiian Ridge. The ridge is the largest of a series of aseismic ridges that emanate from the eastern side of the Mid-Pacific Mountains outward towards the northeast. The trend of Necker Ridge is at an angle to fracture zones and spreading centers in the region, so its origin is controversial, yet it is a major feature on this part of the Cretaceous Pacific Plate. The entire feature, from Necker Island on the Hawaiian Ridge to the eastern Mid-Pacific Mountains, including the adjacent abyssal seafloor, was mapped in 2009 and 2011 with the latest generation of multibeam echosounders. The detailed bathymetry shows the ridge to be constructed of a series of stacked, thick (200-400 m) volcanic flows that can be traced along the trend of Necker Ridge for 100s of km. This continuity suggests that the volcanism erupted simultaneously along almost the entire length of the feature and not as spatially episodic areas of extrusion. Three relatively flat platforms occur on the summit region, presumably constructed of shallow-water carbonates when these portions of the ridge were at sea level. A conspicuous lack of thick pelagic sediment on the non-platform ridge summit and flanks is seen throughout the ridge. The lack of landslides along the length of the ridge is equally puzzling. The southern end of the ridge is connected by a saddle to the Mid-Pacific Mountains whereas the northern end of the ridge is buried by an archipelagic apron of the southern flank of the Hawaiian Ridge. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gardner, James V.; Calder, Brian R.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Malik, Mashkoor] NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Gardner, JV (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jim.gardner@unh.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [EX0909]; NOM [NA05NOS4001153] FX We thank the officers, crews, technicians and watchstanders on the cruises of NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer and RV Kilo Moana; without their efforts and cooperation the mapping would not have been accomplished. We especially want to thank Brian Taylor, Univ. of Hawaii for collecting the KM0913 multibeam line for us. Reviews of earlier drafts by Larry Mayer, Barry Eakins, Neil Mitchell and an anonymous reviewer were very constructive and much appreciated. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) funded the EX0909 Okeanos Explorer cruise and the NOM grant NA05NOS4001153 funded the KM1121 Kilo Moana cruise; both of which were in support of bathymetry mapping for the U.S. Extended Continental Shelf efforts. The U.S. bathymetry effort is unique among maritime nations in that the data collected have been available within a month or so after completion of each cruise (i.e., http://ccom.unh.edu/Law_of_the_sea.html; http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/bathymetry/multibeam.html; http://www.geomapapp.org) for use by the scientific community and the public. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 346 BP 310 EP 325 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2013.09.014 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 278DS UT WOS:000328869900024 ER PT J AU Ghosh, T Anderson, SJ Elvidge, CD Sutton, PC AF Ghosh, Tilottama Anderson, Sharolyn J. Elvidge, Christopher D. Sutton, Paul C. TI Using Nighttime Satellite Imagery as a Proxy Measure of Human Well-Being SO SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Article DE nighttime lights imagery; LandScan population data; human well-being; Night Light Development Index (NLDI); Gross Domestic Product; informal economy; poverty rates; electrification rates; human ecological footprint ID URBANIZATION DYNAMICS; SOCIOECONOMIC PARAMETERS; POWER CONSUMPTION; ECONOMIC-ACTIVITY; LIGHT POLLUTION; URBAN; PATTERNS; EMISSIONS AB Improving human well-being is increasingly recognized as essential for movement toward a sustainable and desirable future. Estimates of different aspects of human well-being, such as Gross Domestic Product, or percentage of population with access to electric power, or measuring the distribution of income in society are often fraught with problems. There are few standardized methods of data collection; in addition, the required data is not obtained in a reliable manner and on a repetitive basis in many parts of the world. Consequently, inter-comparability of the data that does exist becomes problematic. Data derived from nighttime satellite imagery has helped develop various globally consistent proxy measures of human well-being at the gridded, sub-national, and national level. We review several ways in which nighttime satellite imagery has been used to measure the human well-being within nations. C1 [Ghosh, Tilottama] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, Sharolyn J.; Sutton, Paul C.] Univ S Australia, Sch Nat & Built Environm, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Anderson, Sharolyn J.; Sutton, Paul C.] Univ S Australia, Barbara Hardy Inst, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Elvidge, Christopher D.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sutton, Paul C.] Univ Denver, Dept Geog, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Ghosh, T (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tilottama.ghosh@noaa.gov; sharolyn.anderson@unisa.edu.au; chris.elvidge@noaa.gov; paul.sutton@unisa.edu.au RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009; Anderson, Sharolyn/F-4653-2013; OI Anderson, Sharolyn/0000-0002-9456-0193; Sutton, Paul/0000-0001-6972-3256 NR 66 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 8 U2 54 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2071-1050 J9 SUSTAINABILITY-BASEL JI Sustainability PD DEC PY 2013 VL 5 IS 12 BP 4988 EP 5019 DI 10.3390/su5124988 PG 32 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 278MX UT WOS:000328895500002 ER PT J AU Wang, H Shah, M Jaye, C Fischer, DA Ganesan, V Chabinyc, ML Loo, YL AF Wang, He Shah, Manas Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Ganesan, Venkat Chabinyc, Michael L. Loo, Yueh-Lin TI Comment on "Tail State-Assisted Charge Injection and Recombination at the Electron-Collecting Interface of P3HT:PCBM Bulk-Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells" SO ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS LA English DT Article C1 [Wang, He; Loo, Yueh-Lin] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Wang, He] Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Shah, Manas] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ganesan, Venkat] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Chabinyc, Michael L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Loo, YL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM lloo@princeton.edu FU Photovoltaics Program of the ONR [N00014-11-10328]; MRSEC program at the NSF through Princeton Center for Complex Materials [DMR-0819860]; NSF's PIRE Program [PIRE 0730243]; Robert A. Wlech Foundation [F1599]; National Science Foundation [DMR-1005739]; NSF SOLAR program [CHE-1-35292] FX H.W. and Y.-L.L. gratefully acknowledge funding from the Photovoltaics Program of the ONR (N00014-11-10328) and the MRSEC program at the NSF through Princeton Center for Complex Materials (DMR-0819860). The authors also acknowledge partial funding from NSF's PIRE Program (PIRE 0730243). V. G. acknowledges funding from the Robert A. Wlech Foundation (Grant F1599) and the National Science Foundation (DMR-1005739). M. C. acknowledges support from the NSF SOLAR program (CHE-1-35292). NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 33 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1614-6832 EI 1614-6840 J9 ADV ENERGY MATER JI Adv. Energy Mater. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 3 IS 12 BP 1537 EP 1538 DI 10.1002/aenm.201300463 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 270RX UT WOS:000328337500001 ER PT J AU Birkeland, C Miller, MW Piniak, GA Eakin, CM Weijerman, M McElhany, P Dunlap, M Brainard, RE AF Birkeland, Charles Miller, Margaret W. Piniak, Gregory A. Eakin, C. Mark Weijerman, Mariska McElhany, Paul Dunlap, Matthew Brainard, Russell E. TI Safety in Numbers? Abundance May Not Safeguard Corals from Increasing Carbon Dioxide SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coral; density independence; depensatory; extinction; sessile ID BROADCAST-SPAWNING CORALS; ACROPORA-PALMATA; CARIBBEAN CORALS; REEFS; FERTILIZATION; DECLINE; SETTLEMENT; ANNULARIS; FECUNDITY; RECOVERY AB Marine conservation efforts are often focused on increasing stocks of species with low population abundances by reducing mortality or enhancing recruitment. However, global changes in climate and ocean chemistry are density-independent factors that can strongly affect corals whether they are scarce or abundant-sometimes, the abundant corals are most affected. Because reproductive corals are sessile, density-independent effects of global changes such as physiological stress and resultant mortality can decouple stock abundance from recruitment and may accelerate the downward spiral of their reproductive rates. C1 [Birkeland, Charles] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Biol, Honolulu, HI USA. [Miller, Margaret W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Piniak, Gregory A.] Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Eakin, C. Mark] Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Weijerman, Mariska; Dunlap, Matthew] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI USA. [McElhany, Paul] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Brainard, Russell E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Birkeland, C (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Biol, Honolulu, HI USA. EM charlesb@hawaii.edu RI Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010 NR 40 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD DEC PY 2013 VL 63 IS 12 BP 967 EP 974 DI 10.1525/bio.2013.63.12.9 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 276AK UT WOS:000328720300011 ER PT J AU Wells, BK Schroeder, ID Santora, JA Hazen, EL Bograd, SJ Bjorkstedt, EP Loeb, VJ Mcclatchie, S Weber, ED Watson, W Thompson, AR Peterson, WT Brodeur, RD Harding, J Field, J Sakuma, K Hayes, S Mantua, N Sydeman, WJ Losekoot, M Thompson, SA Largier, J Kim, SY Chavez, FP Barcelo, C Warzybok, P Bradley, R Jahncke, J Goericke, R Campbell, GS Hildebrand, JA Melin, SR Delong, RL Gomez-Valdes, J Lavaniegos, B Gaxiola-Castro, G Golightly, RT Schneider, SR Lo, N Suryan, RM Gladics, AJ Horton, CA Fisher, J Morgan, C Peterson, J Daly, EA Auth, TD Abell, J AF Wells, Brian K. Schroeder, Isaac D. Santora, Jarrod A. Hazen, Elliott L. Bograd, Steven J. Bjorkstedt, Eric P. Loeb, Valerie J. Mcclatchie, Sam Weber, Edward D. Watson, William Thompson, Andrew R. Peterson, William T. Brodeur, Richard D. Harding, Jeff Field, John Sakuma, Keith Hayes, Sean Mantua, Nathan Sydeman, William J. Losekoot, Marcel Thompson, Sarah Ann Largier, John Kim, Sung Yong Chavez, Francisco P. Barcelo, Caren Warzybok, Pete Bradley, Russel Jahncke, Jaime Goericke, Ralf Campbell, Gregory S. Hildebrand, John A. Melin, Sharon R. Delong, Robert L. Gomez-Valdes, Jose Lavaniegos, Bertha Gaxiola-Castro, Gilberto Golightly, Richard T. Schneider, Stephanie R. Lo, Nancy Suryan, Robert M. Gladics, Amanda J. Horton, Cheryl A. Fisher, Jennifer Morgan, Cheryl Peterson, Jay Daly, Elizabeth A. Auth, Toby D. Abell, Jeffrey TI STATE OF THE CALIFORNIA CURRENT 2012-13: NO SUCH THING AS AN "AVERAGE" YEAR SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CURRENT SYSTEM; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; PELAGIC TUNICATES; ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; NORTHERN ANCHOVY; FOOD-WEB; ABUNDANCE; JUVENILE; KRILL; FISH AB This report reviews the state of the California Current System (CCS) between winter 2012 and spring 2013, and includes observations from Washington State to Baja California. During 2012, large-scale climate modes indicated the CCS remained in a cool, productive phase present since 2007. The upwelling season was delayed north of 42 degrees N, but regions to the south, especially 33 degrees to 36 degrees N, experienced average to above average upwelling that persisted throughout the summer. Contrary to the indication of high production suggested by the climate indices, chlorophyll observed from surveys and remote sensing was below average along much of the coast. As well, some members of the forage assemblages along the coast experienced low abundances in 2012 surveys. Specifically, the concentrations of all life-stages observed directly or from egg densities of Pacific sardine, Sardinops sagax, and northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax, were less than previous years' survey estimates. However, 2013 surveys and observations indicate an increase in abundance of northern anchovy. During winter 2011/2012, the increased presence of northern copepod species off northern California was consistent with stronger southward transport. Krill and small-fraction zooplankton abundances, where examined, were generally above average. North of 42 degrees N, salps returned to typical abundances in 2012 after greater observed concentrations in 2010 and 2011. In contrast, salp abundance off central and southern California increased after a period of southward transport during winter 2011/2012. Reproductive success of piscivorous Brandt's cormorant, Phalacrocorax penicillatus, was reduced while planktivorous Cassin's auklet, Ptychoramphus aleuticus was elevated. Differences between the productivity of these two seabirds may be related to the available forage assemblage observed in the surveys. California sea lion pups from San Miguel Island were undernourished resulting in a pup mortality event perhaps in response to changes in forage availability. Limited biological data were available for spring 2013, but strong winter upwelling coastwide indicated an early spring transition, with the strong upwelling persisting into early summer. C1 [Wells, Brian K.; Schroeder, Isaac D.; Santora, Jarrod A.; Bjorkstedt, Eric P.; Harding, Jeff; Field, John; Sakuma, Keith; Hayes, Sean; Mantua, Nathan] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hazen, Elliott L.; Bograd, Steven J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Bjorkstedt, Eric P.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Loeb, Valerie J.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Mcclatchie, Sam; Weber, Edward D.; Watson, William; Thompson, Andrew R.; Lo, Nancy] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Peterson, William T.; Brodeur, Richard D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Sydeman, William J.; Losekoot, Marcel; Thompson, Sarah Ann] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Largier, John] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Kim, Sung Yong] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Div Ocean Syst Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Chavez, Francisco P.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Barcelo, Caren] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvalis, OR 97331 USA. [Warzybok, Pete; Bradley, Russel; Jahncke, Jaime] PRBO Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Goericke, Ralf; Campbell, Gregory S.; Hildebrand, John A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Melin, Sharon R.; Delong, Robert L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Gomez-Valdes, Jose; Lavaniegos, Bertha; Gaxiola-Castro, Gilberto] CICESE, Div Oceanol, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [Golightly, Richard T.; Schneider, Stephanie R.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept ofWildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Lo, Nancy] Ocean Associates Inc, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Suryan, Robert M.; Gladics, Amanda J.; Horton, Cheryl A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Fisher, Jennifer; Morgan, Cheryl; Peterson, Jay] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Auth, Toby D.] Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Cormmiss, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Abell, Jeffrey] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Schroeder, ID (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RI Kim, Sung Yong/B-9852-2009; Gomez-Valdes, Jose/B-9846-2016; Weber, Edward/A-6986-2009 OI Kim, Sung Yong/0000-0003-1962-8992; Gomez-Valdes, Jose/0000-0002-8528-7826; Weber, Edward/0000-0002-0942-434X FU NOAA's California Current Integrated Ecosystem Assessment (CCIEA); Integrate Ocean Observing Systems (IOOS); National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS); Stock Assessment Improvement Pan (SAIP); Fisheries and the Environment programs (FATE); Mexico's Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONA-CyT); U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF),; Bonneville Power Administration (BPA); United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); Navy's Living Marine Resources Program; Coastal Observing Research and Development Center; California's Ocean Protection Council; Redwood National and State Parks; Baker Trust; Marisla Foundation; Campini Foundation; Kimball Foundation; Mead Foundation FX We thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments that improved this manuscript and provided guidance for continued development of reports in the series. Financial and collaborative support comes from diverse agenecies and government entities including NOAA's California Current Integrated Ecosystem Assessment (CCIEA), Integrate Ocean Observing Systems (IOOS), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and its Stock Assessment Improvement Pan (SAIP) and Fisheries and the Environment programs (FATE), Mexico's Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONA-CyT), the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Navy's Living Marine Resources Program and university partners through the Coastal Observing Research and Development Center, California's Ocean Protection Council, and Redwood National and State Parks. The David and Lucile Packard Foundation supported central California morring observations. The Baker Trust, the Marisla Foundation, the Campini Foundation, the Kimball Foundation, and the Mead Foundation supported seabird work on the Southeast Farallon Island. HF radar data are available thanks to the initial investment of the State of California in establishing the array in California and to the National Science Foundation for establishing elements of the array in Oregon and California; NOAA-IOOS and participating universities (listed at http://cordc.ucsd.edu/projects/mapping/) have provided ongoing operating funds and support. We also thank the captains and crew of the vessels that supported this work, including R/V Coral Sea, R/V Francisco de Ulloa, Elahka, FS/V Ocean Starr, R/V New Horizon, FS/V Bell M. Shimada, F/V Frosti, F/V Miss Sue, F/V Piky, R/V Elahka, and F/V Excalibur. We also sincerely thank the many dedicated individuals who have participated in, advised, collaborated in, or otherwise contributed to the collection, management, and analysis of these data both in recent years and in the past. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 25 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 54 BP 37 EP 71 PG 35 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 259ER UT WOS:000327510700004 ER PT J AU Weber, ED Moore, TJ AF Weber, Edward D. Moore, Thomas J. TI CORRECTED CONVERSION ALGORITHMS FOR THE CALCOFI STATION GRID AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION IN SEVERAL COMPUTER LANGUAGES SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Converting between geographic coordinates in latitude and longitude and the line and station sampling pattern of the California Cooperative Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) program is a commonly required task for conducting research on the California Current ecosystem. This note presents several corrections and clarifications to the previously published algorithms for performing these conversions. We include computer code to implement the algorithms in Java(TM1), Perl, Python, and R. We note that freely available code to conduct the conversions in Fortran, Matlab((R) 2), JavaScript(TM), and Visual Basic((R) 3) has previously been published, and an online conversion tool is also available. A future version of the PROJ.4 cartographic projections library will also include support for CalCOFI conversions, thereby allowing for convenient conversions using the GRASS GIS, PostGIS, Python, Perl, R, and many other programs and programming languages. C1 [Weber, Edward D.; Moore, Thomas J.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Weber, ED (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM ed.weber@noaa.gov RI Weber, Edward/A-6986-2009 OI Weber, Edward/0000-0002-0942-434X NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 54 BP 97 EP 106 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 259ER UT WOS:000327510700008 ER PT J AU Auth, TD Brodeur, RD AF Auth, Toby D. Brodeur, Richard D. TI AN OVERVIEW OF ICHTHYOPLANKTON RESEARCH IN THE NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT REGION: CONTRIBUTIONS TO ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENTS AND MANAGEMENT SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; LARVAL FISH ASSEMBLAGES; COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; OREGON COAST; PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; ENGLISH SOLE; ANOPLOPOMA-FIMBRIA; MICROSTOMUS-PACIFICUS; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS AB We review the scientific literature based on ichthyoplankton research conducted in the northern California Current (NCC) north of Cape Mendocino, California to northern Washington. A total of 69 papers have been written on ichthyoplankton research in the NCC region from 1940 to 2012, with several more currently in the process of publication. Although there were some extended California Cooperative Fisheries Investigation (CalCOFI) cruises in the 1950s conducted as far north as northern California, the first dedicated larval fish survey in this region was made by Ken Waldron of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries in 1967. Extensive cruises were conducted starting in 1969 and continuing through the 1970s by William Pearcy at Oregon State University (OSU) and the ichthyoplankton were analyzed by Sally Richardson and her colleagues. Much new information on larval taxonomy, spatial and temporal distributions, and relationships to environmental conditions was generated as part of these studies. Nearshore studies continued in the early 1980s by OSU focusing on the recruitment and connections of mainly flatfish species to the local estuaries. At the same time, there were a series of eight joint U.S.-Soviet large-scale cruises covering the entire region organized by Art Kendall of NMFS, with the data analyzed primarily by Miriam Doyle. After a hiatus in the early to mid-1990s, sampling began anew by NMFS and OSU focusing initially off the central Oregon coast, but by the mid-2000s was expanded over a broader area of the NCC over multiple years and seasons to provide information to managers on the outlook for future recruitment. We discuss current gaps in our knowledge, and give examples of applications of ichthyoplankton data to fisheries management and to improving our understanding of ecosystem processes and their relationships to environmental variability. C1 [Auth, Toby D.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Auth, TD (reprint author), Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2030 Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM tauth@psmfc.org FU NOAA's Stock Assessment Improvement Program (SAIP); Fisheries and the Environment Initiative (FATE); Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX We thank all of the researchers and authors upon whose work this literature review is based. We are indebted to M. Doyle, W. Pearcy, W. Watson, and others for suggesting studies to be included in this review, and thank the two anonymous reviewers whose critical reviews were instrumental in improving the manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA's Stock Assessment Improvement Program (SAIP), Fisheries and the Environment Initiative (FATE), and the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. NR 91 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 54 BP 107 EP 126 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 259ER UT WOS:000327510700009 ER PT J AU Ralston, S Stewart, IJ AF Ralston, Stephen Stewart, Ian J. TI ANOMALOUS DISTRIBUTIONS OF PELAGIC JUVENILE ROCKFISH ON THE US WEST COAST IN 2005 AND 2006 SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; SEBASTES-JORDANI; GROWTH; VARIABILITY; PREDATORS; OREGON; STATE AB A combination of midwater trawl surveys of pelagic juvenile rockfish on the U.S. West Coast provide data from 2004 to 2009, which represent the collaborative efforts of the National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, and the Pacific Whiting Conservation Cooperative to survey the waters of the California Current from the U. S.-Mexican border to the Columbia River 33 degrees-46 degrees N. We analyze six species of pelagic juvenile rockfish and evaluate the annual stability of their spatial distributions. Our results show that rockfish catches in 2005 and 2006 were shifted away from the core area of the survey, which has been sampled since 1983. In those years there was a bifurcation in their spatial distributions, with some species shifted to the north (S. entomelas, S. flavidus, and S. pinniger) and some species to the south (S. jordani and S. paucispinis). While the geographic distributions of fish in 2005 and 2006 were unusual, total abundance patterns were apparently unrelated to their spatial distributions. By 2007, the distributions of these species had recovered to pre-2005 conditions, especially for northern species. Standardized wind stress anomalies on the West Coast during the months preceding the surveys were evaluated in relation to the anomalous spatial distributions of catch. Results show that significant wind reversals occurred during February of 2005 and 2006, which is the peak of the parturition season. C1 [Ralston, Stephen] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Stewart, Ian J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Ralston, S (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 54 BP 155 EP 166 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 259ER UT WOS:000327510700012 ER PT J AU Sakuma, KM Bjorkstedt, EP Ralston, S AF Sakuma, Keith M. Bjorkstedt, Eric P. Ralston, Stephen TI DISTRIBUTION OF PELAGIC JUVENILE ROCKFISH (SEBASTES SPP.) IN RELATION TO TEMPERATURE AND FRONTS OFF CENTRAL CALIFORNIA SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; UPWELLING REGION; EL-NINO; LARVAL; RECRUITMENT; ABUNDANCE; ACCUMULATION; VARIABILITY; TRANSITION; TRANSPORT AB We analyzed a 17-year time series of midwater trawl data examining the relationship between pelagic juvenile rockfish (Sebastes spp.) catches and temperature and temperature fronts (gradients) along two cross-shelf transect lines off Davenport (36 degrees 59.0'N) and Pescadero (37 degrees 16.5'N), California. Hydrographic conditions and catches varied substantially from year to year, with general coherence observed between the two lines. However, there was greater variability in temperature and salinity off Pescadero in most years, while gradient intensity differed between the two lines in several years with no consistency as to which line had the strongest and most frequent fronts. Visual inspection of pelagic juvenile rockfish distribution in relation to kriged temperature at 30 m frequently showed elevated catches associated with fronts. Using linear mixed effects models, we found no statistically significant relationship between catch and temperature gradients, although the relationship between gradient strength and catch was universally positive. By excluding anomalous El Nino years, this trend was strengthened, with the combined data set showing a significant positive effect of maximum temperature gradient on catch. We consistently observed the strongest gradients at intermediate temperatures of 10-12 degrees C, coincident with more frequent occurrences of pelagic juvenile rockfish, suggesting that fronts can influence distribution. C1 [Sakuma, Keith M.; Bjorkstedt, Eric P.; Ralston, Stephen] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natonal Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Sakuma, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natonal Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM Keith.Sakuma@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 54 BP 167 EP 179 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 259ER UT WOS:000327510700013 ER PT J AU Dorval, E McDaniel, JD Porzio, DL Felix-Uraga, R Hodes, V Rosenfield, S AF Dorval, Emmanis McDaniel, Jennifer D. Porzio, Dianna L. Felix-Uraga, Roberto Hodes, Vanessa Rosenfield, Sandra TI COMPUTING AND SELECTING AGEING ERRORS TO INCLUDE IN STOCK ASSESSMENT MODELS OF PACIFIC SARDINE (SARDINOPS SAGAX) SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID AGE-DETERMINATION; GROWTH; CALIFORNIA; MIGRATION; AUSTRALIA; PRECISION; OTOLITHS; CATCH AB From 2007 to 2010, Pacific sardine stock assessments relied on traditional methods to compute and include ageing errors in the integrated assessment model, Stock Synthesis (SS). Traditional methods assumed that all age readers were unbiased and estimated ageing imprecisions by averaging across all fish that were assigned a given age a by one or more readers. In this study, we used the Ageing Error Matrix (Agemat) model to compute ageing imprecisions, based on classification matrices that quantified the probability of a fish of true age a to be assigned an age a or some other age a', P(a'|a). Using sardine samples collected from Mexico to Canada and aged in five laboratories, we compared three Agemat models, assuming that: (1) the most experienced reader from each laboratory was unbiased (model A); (2) no bias but different standard deviation (SD) at age among readers (model B); and (3) no bias, but similar standard deviation at age among readers (model C). We evaluated the performance of this model using the Akaike information criterion corrected for finite sample sizes. Sardine ages ranged from 0 to 8, with increasing reader SD with age. Model C performed better than models A and B, across all data sets and laboratories, and thus was recommended for including ageing imprecisions in sardine assessment models. However, the observed differences in SD across ages and readers called for a better standardization of ageing protocols among laboratories and for applying new methods to reduce potential bias in estimating the oldest age classes. C1 [Dorval, Emmanis; McDaniel, Jennifer D.] NOAA, Fisheries Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Porzio, Dianna L.] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Los Alamitos, CA 90720 USA. [Felix-Uraga, Roberto] Inst Politecn Nacl CICIMAR, La Paz 23096, BCS, Mexico. [Hodes, Vanessa] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Rosenfield, Sandra] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Torrance, CA 90501 USA. RP Dorval, E (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Emmanis.Dorval@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 54 BP 192 EP 204 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 259ER UT WOS:000327510700015 ER PT J AU Drumm, DT Lauth, RR Clark, RN Orr, JW AF Drumm, David T. Lauth, Robert R. Clark, Roger N. Orr, James W. TI NORTHERN RANGE EXTENSIONS AND BIOLOGICAL NOTES FOR THREE DECAPODS IN THE EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC SO CRUSTACEANA LA English DT Article ID CARIDEAN SHRIMPS; PARALITHODES-CAMTSCHATICA; CRUSTACEA DECAPODA; DEPTH DISTRIBUTION; OCEANIC SHRIMPS; JAPAN; OREGON; COAST; CRAB AB Examination of invertebrate vouchers collected during bottom trawl surveys conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Marine Fisheries Service revealed northern range extensions of three decapod species. Two of these species are caridean shrimps (Lebbeus washingtonianus (M. J. Rathbun, 1902) (Hippolytidae) and Systellaspis braueri paucispinosa Crosnier, 1987 (Oplophoridae)) and represent the first records in Alaska. The lithodid crab Neolithodes diomedeae (J. E. Benedict, 1895) was found off California, the first record in U.S. waters, extending its known range by some 2000 km. Biological notes for these three species are provided and morphometric measurements are listed for Neolithodes diomedeae. C1 [Drumm, David T.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Drumm, David T.; Lauth, Robert R.; Orr, James W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Clark, Roger N.] Insignis Biol Consulting, Eagle Mt, UT 84005 USA. RP Drumm, DT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM david.drumm@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board [1016]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148] FX We would like to thank Greg Jensen (University of Washington) for confirming the identification and Katherine Maslenikov (University of Washington) for taking the picture of Lebbeus washingtonianus and Beth Horness for providing bottom trawl survey data from the Northwest Fisheries Science Center West Coast Groundfish Bottom Trawl Survey database. We would also like to thank Larry Lovell for identifying Neolithodes diomedeae and Lyle Britt for taking the picture of Systellaspis braueri. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. This project was partially funded by the North Pacific Research Board, grant number 1016, publication number 446, and the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, Contribution No. 2105. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0011-216X EI 1568-5403 J9 CRUSTACEANA JI Crustaceana PD DEC PY 2013 VL 86 IS 13-14 BP 1572 EP 1585 DI 10.1163/15685403-00003249 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 275FD UT WOS:000328660800005 ER PT J AU Hampton, SE Holmes, EE Scheef, LP Scheuerell, MD Katz, SL Pendleton, DE Ward, EJ AF Hampton, Stephanie E. Holmes, Elizabeth E. Scheef, Lindsay P. Scheuerell, Mark D. Katz, Stephen L. Pendleton, Daniel E. Ward, Eric J. TI Quantifying effects of abiotic and biotic drivers on community dynamics with multivariate autoregressive (MAR) models SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE food webs; interaction strength; multispecies time series; reactivity; resilience; return rate; state-space models; VAR; vector autoregressive models ID TIME-SERIES DATA; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; COMPENSATORY DYNAMICS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PLANKTON COMMUNITY; PARASITE SYSTEM; RESPONSES; STABILITY; MANAGEMENT AB Long-term ecological data sets present opportunities for identifying drivers of community dynamics and quantifying their effects through time series analysis. Multivariate autoregressive (MAR) models are well known in many other disciplines, such as econometrics, but widespread adoption of MAR methods in ecology and natural resource management has been much slower despite some widely cited ecological examples. Here we review previous ecological applications of MAR models and highlight their ability to identify abiotic and biotic drivers of population dynamics, as well as community-level stability metrics, from long-term empirical observations. Thus far, MAR models have been used mainly with data from freshwater plankton communities; we examine the obstacles that may be hindering adoption in other systems and suggest practical modifications that will improve MAR models for broader application. Many of these modifications are already well known in other fields in which MAR models are common, although they are frequently described under different names. In an effort to make MAR models more accessible to ecologists, we include a worked example using recently developed R packages (MAR1 and MARSS), freely available and open-access software. C1 [Hampton, Stephanie E.; Scheef, Lindsay P.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Holmes, Elizabeth E.; Scheuerell, Mark D.; Pendleton, Daniel E.; Ward, Eric J.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Katz, Stephen L.] NOAA, Channel Isl Natl Marine Sanctuary, ONMS, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Hampton, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. EM hampton@nceas.ucsb.edu RI Scheuerell, Mark/N-6683-2016; OI Scheuerell, Mark/0000-0002-8284-1254; Hampton, Stephanie/0000-0003-2389-4249 FU National Science Foundation [NA09NMF4720180]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA09NMF4720180] FX The National Science Foundation and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration supported this work under their joint Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization (CAMEO) program (NA09NMF4720180). Eric Buhle, Josephine Rodriguez, Derek Gray, Kara Woo, Meghan Duffy, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments. NR 50 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 92 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2013 VL 94 IS 12 BP 2663 EP 2669 DI 10.1890/13-0996.1 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 278ZL UT WOS:000328928300001 PM 24597213 ER PT J AU Naish, KA Phillips, RB Brieuc, MSO Newton, LR Elz, AE Park, LK AF Naish, Kerry A. Phillips, Ruth B. Brieuc, Marine S. O. Newton, Lyndsay R. Elz, Anna E. Park, Linda K. TI Comparative Genome Mapping Between Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Rainbow Trout (O. mykiss) Based on Homologous Microsatellite Loci SO G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; linkage map; microsatellite; comparative mapping ID EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHROMOSOME ARMS; SEGREGATION DISTORTION; RECOMBINATION RATES; SALAR; CONSERVATION; FISH; HOMEOLOGIES AB Comparative genome mapping can rapidly facilitate the transfer of DNA sequence information from a well-characterized species to one that is less described. Chromosome arm numbers are conserved between members of the teleost family Salmonidae, order Salmoniformes, permitting rapid alignment of large syntenic blocks of DNA between members of the group. However, extensive Robertsonian rearrangements after an ancestral whole-genome duplication event has resulted in different chromosome numbers across Salmonid taxa. In anticipation of the rapid application of genomic data across members of the Pacific salmon genus Oncorhynchus, we mapped the genome of Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) by using 361 microsatellite loci and compared linkage groups to those already derived for a well-characterized species rainbow trout (O. mykiss). The Chinook salmon female map length was 1526 cM, the male map 733 cM, and the consensus map between the two sexes was 2206 cM. The average female to male recombination ratio was 5.43 (range 1-42.8 across all pairwise marker comparisons). We detected 34 linkage groups that corresponded with all chromosome arms mapped with homologous loci in rainbow trout and inferred that 16 represented metacentric chromosomes and 18 represented acrocentric chromosomes. Up to 13 chromosomes were conserved between the two species, suggesting that their structure precedes the divergence between Chinook salmon and rainbow trout. However, marker order differed in one of these linkage groups. The remaining linkage group structures reflected independent Robertsonian chromosomal arrangements, possibly after divergence. The putative linkage group homologies presented here are expected to facilitate future DNA sequencing efforts in Chinook salmon. C1 [Naish, Kerry A.; Brieuc, Marine S. O.; Newton, Lyndsay R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Phillips, Ruth B.] Washington State Univ Vancouver, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Elz, Anna E.; Park, Linda K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Naish, KA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM knaish@uw.edu RI Naish, Kerry/F-5768-2014 OI Naish, Kerry/0000-0002-3275-8778 FU Washington Sea Grant Program, University of Washington [NA070AR4170007]; NOAA; [R/B-51] FX We are very grateful to Caird Rexroad, Roy Danzmann, Karim Gharbi, and Rene Guyomard for providing aliquots of microsatellite primers or primer sequences prior to publishing. We would also like to thank Jeffrey Hard, Bradley Shepard, and staff of Grover's Creek Hatchery for supplying the cross and for fish rearing. Eric Iwamoto and Delia Patterson at the NWFSC kindly ran the allozyme samples. Finally, we thank two anonymous referees and the Associate Editor for helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was funded by a grant from the Washington Sea Grant Program, University of Washington, pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award No. NA070AR4170007, Project No. R/B-51 awarded to K.A.N. and R. B. P., a NOAA-funded NRC fellowship to K.A.N., and NOAA funding to L. K. P. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of their subagencies. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 24 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2160-1836 J9 G3-GENES GENOM GENET JI G3-Genes Genomes Genet. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 3 IS 12 BP 2281 EP 2288 DI 10.1534/g3.113.008003 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 270QV UT WOS:000328334500017 PM 24170738 ER PT J AU Phillips, RB Park, LK Naish, KA AF Phillips, Ruth B. Park, Linda K. Naish, Kerry A. TI Assignment of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Linkage Groups to Specific Chromosomes Reveals a Karyotype with Multiple Rearrangements of the Chromosome Arms of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS LA English DT Article DE cytogenetic map; comparative salmonid chromosome maps ID ATLANTIC SALMON; CONSERVATION; FISHES; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; DUPLICATION; CALIFORNIA; REGIONS; MAP AB The Chinook salmon genetic linkage groups have been assigned to specific chromosomes using fluorescence in situ hybridization with bacterial artificial chromosome probes containing genetic markers mapped to each linkage group in Chinook salmon and rainbow trout. Comparison of the Chinook salmon chromosome map with that of rainbow trout provides strong evidence for conservation of large syntenic blocks in these species, corresponding to entire chromosome arms in the rainbow trout as expected. In almost every case, the markers were found at approximately the same location on the chromosome arm in each species, suggesting conservation of marker order on the chromosome arms of the two species in most cases. Although theoretically a few centric fissions could convert the karyotype of rainbow trout (2N = 58-64) into that of Chinook salmon (2N = 68) or vice versa, our data suggest that chromosome arms underwent multiple centric fissions and subsequent new centric fusions to form the current karyotypes. The morphology of only approximately one-third of the chromosome pairs have been conserved between the two species. C1 [Phillips, Ruth B.] Washington State Univ Vancouver, Dept Biol Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Phillips, Ruth B.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Park, Linda K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Naish, Kerry A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Phillips, RB (reprint author), Washington State Univ Vancouver, Dept Biol Sci, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. EM phillipsr@vancouver.wsu.edu RI Naish, Kerry/F-5768-2014 OI Naish, Kerry/0000-0002-3275-8778 FU Washington Sea Grant Program, University of Washington [NA070AR4170007]; NOAA FX The authors thank Matt Morasch, Kimberly Keatley, Abby Ventura, Andy Harwood, and Joshua Faber-Hammond for technical assistance during various stages of this project. This project was supported by Washington Sea Grant Program, University of Washington, pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Award NA070AR4170007 (to K.A.N. and R. B. P.), and NOAA funds (to L. K. P.). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of their subagencies. L. K. P. and R. B. P. initiated the study and all authors provided funding. L. K. P. provided the blood for chromosome preparations. K.N. constructed the linkage maps. R. B. P. performed the in situ hybridization studies and chromosomal analyses. Both R. B. P. and K.N. correlated the Chinook salmon maps with the rainbow trout maps. R. B. P. drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU GENETICS SOCIETY AMERICA PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2160-1836 J9 G3-GENES GENOM GENET JI G3-Genes Genomes Genet. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 3 IS 12 BP 2289 EP 2295 DI 10.1534/g3.113.008078 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 270QV UT WOS:000328334500018 PM 24170739 ER PT J AU Remley, KA Pirkl, RJ Shah, HA Wang, CM AF Remley, Kate A. Pirkl, Ryan J. Shah, Haider A. Wang, Chih-Ming TI Uncertainty From Choice of Mode-Stirring Technique in Reverberation-Chamber Measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE Electromagnetic measurements; measurement uncertainty; reverberation chamber; wireless communication ID RADIATION EFFICIENCY; WIRELESS DEVICES; DIVERSITY GAIN; ENVIRONMENT; PROPAGATION; CAPACITY; ANTENNAS; MOBILE; POWER AB We develop methods for assessing the component of measurement uncertainty arising from various combinations of mode-stirring techniques in reverberation-chamber measurements. We first develop a components-of-variance model that describes this component of uncertainty in terms of physical mechanisms related to the chamber. We illustrate the use of the model in conjunction with measurements to identify the optimal mode-stirring sequence for a measurement of received power. C1 [Remley, Kate A.; Wang, Chih-Ming] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Pirkl, Ryan J.; Shah, Haider A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Remley, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kate.remley@nist.gov; rpirkl@gmail.com; hyder.a.shah@gmail.com; chih-ming.wang@nist.gov OI Pirkl, Ryan/0000-0001-8803-3154 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 EI 1558-187X J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1022 EP 1030 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2013.2246570 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 275SM UT WOS:000328697800005 ER PT J AU Nadler, SA Lyons, ET Pagan, C Hyman, D Lewis, EE Beckmen, K Bell, CM Castinel, A DeLong, RL Duignan, PJ Farinpour, C Huntington, KB Kuiken, T Morgades, D Naem, S Norman, R Parker, C Ramos, P Spraker, TR Beron-Vera, B AF Nadler, Steven A. Lyons, Eugene T. Pagan, Christopher Hyman, Derek Lewis, Edwin E. Beckmen, Kimberlee Bell, Cameron M. Castinel, Aurelie DeLong, Robert L. Duignan, Padraig J. Farinpour, Cher Huntington, Kathy Burek Kuiken, Thijs Morgades, Diana Naem, Soraya Norman, Richard Parker, Corwin Ramos, Paul Spraker, Terry R. Beron-Vera, Barbara TI Molecular systematics of pinniped hookworms (Nematoda: Uncinaria): species delimitation, host associations and host-induced morphometric variation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hookworm; Pinniped; Phylogenetics; Molecular systematics; Cophylogeny; Species; Morphometrics ID NORTHERN FUR SEALS; SAN-MIGUEL ISLAND; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS PUPS; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS LINN; STILES 1901 NEMATODA; LION PUPS; NEW-ZEALAND; ANCYLOSTOMATIDAE; LUCASI; PHYLOGENY AB Hookworms of the genus Uncinaria have been widely reported from juvenile pinnipeds, however investigations of their systematics has been limited, with only two species described, Uncinaria lucasi from northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) and Uncinaria hamiltoni from South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens). Hookworms were sampled from these hosts and seven additional species including Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus), California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis), Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus), New Zealand sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri), southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina), and the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus). One hundred and thirteen individual hookworms, including an outgroup species, were sequenced for four genes representing two loci (nuclear ribosomal DNA and mitochondrial DNA). Phylogenetic analyses of these sequences recovered seven independent evolutionary lineages or species, including the described species and five undescribed species. The molecular evidence shows that U. lucasi parasitises both C. ursinus and E. jubatus, whereas U. hamiltoni parasitises O. flavescens and A. australis. The five undescribed hookworm species were each associated with single host species (Z. californianus, A. pusillus, P. hookeri, M. leonina and M. monachus). For parasites of otarids, patterns of Uncinaria host-sharing and phylogenetic relationships had a strong biogeographic component with separate clades of parasites from northern versus southern hemisphere hosts. Comparison of phylogenies for these hookworms and their hosts suggests that the association of U. lucasi with northern fur seals results from a host-switch from Steller sea lions. Morphometric data for U. lucasi shows marked host-associated size differences for both sexes, with U. lucasi individuals from E. jubatus significantly larger. This result suggests that adult growth of U. lucasi is reduced within the host species representing the more recent host parasite association. Intraspecific host-induced size differences are inconsistent with the exclusive use of morphometrics to delimit and diagnose species of Uncinaria from pinnipeds. (C) 2013 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nadler, Steven A.; Pagan, Christopher; Hyman, Derek; Lewis, Edwin E.; Farinpour, Cher; Parker, Corwin] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lyons, Eugene T.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Vet Sci, Gluck Equine Res Ctr, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Beckmen, Kimberlee] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Bell, Cameron M.] Dept Environm & Primary Ind, Bendigo Dc, Vic 3554, Australia. [Castinel, Aurelie] Cawthron Inst, Nelson 7042, New Zealand. [DeLong, Robert L.] Natl Marine Mammal Lab, AFSC, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Duignan, Padraig J.] Univ Calgary, UCVM, Calgary, AB T2N 9B5, Canada. [Kuiken, Thijs] Erasmus MC, Virosci Lab, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Morgades, Diana] Univ Republica, Dept Parasitol & Parasit Dis, Fac Vet Sci, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Naem, Soraya] Urmia Univ, Dept Pathobiol, Fac Vet Med, Orumiyeh, Iran. [Norman, Richard; Ramos, Paul] Univ Melbourne, Sch Vet Sci, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. [Ramos, Paul] Zoos Victoria, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [Spraker, Terry R.] Colorado State Univ, Colorado State Univ Diagnost Lab, Coll Vet Med, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Beron-Vera, Barbara] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Ctr Nacl Patagon, Lab Mamiferos Marinos, RA-9120 Puerto Machyn, Chubut, Argentina. RP Nadler, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol & Nematol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sanadler@ucdavis.edu NR 53 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 EI 1879-0135 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 43 IS 14 BP 1119 EP 1132 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.08.006 PG 14 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 278YB UT WOS:000328924700004 PM 24162075 ER PT J AU Hegarty, J Draxler, RR Stein, AF Brioude, J Mountain, M Eluszkiewicz, J Nehrkorn, T Ngan, F Andrews, A AF Hegarty, Jennifer Draxler, Roland R. Stein, Ariel F. Brioude, Jerome Mountain, Marikate Eluszkiewicz, Janusz Nehrkorn, Thomas Ngan, Fong Andrews, Arlyn TI Evaluation of Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Models with Measurements from Controlled Tracer Releases SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ranking methods; Statistics; Mesoscale models; Model comparison; Model evaluation; performance; Tracers ID 4-DIMENSIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; AREA MESOSCALE MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS; WEATHER RESEARCH; BOUNDARY-LAYER; STILT MODEL; TRANSPORT; SYSTEM; TRAJECTORIES; UNCERTAINTIES AB Three widely used Lagrangian particle dispersion models (LPDMs)the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT), Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT), and Flexible Particle (FLEXPART) modelsare evaluated with measurements from the controlled tracer-release experiments Cross-Appalachian Tracer Experiment (CAPTEX) and Across North America Tracer Experiment (ANATEX). The LPDMs are run forward in time driven by identical meteorological inputs from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) and several configurations of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, and the simulations of tracer concentrations are evaluated against the measurements with a ranking procedure derived from the combination of four statistical parameters. The statistical evaluation reveals that all three LPDMs have comparable skill in simulating the tracer plumes when driven by the same meteorological inputs, indicating that the differences in their formulations play a secondary role. Simulations with HYSPLIT and STILT demonstrate the benefit of using customized hourly WRF fields with 10-km horizontal grid spacing over the use of 3-hourly NARR fields with 32-km horizontal grid spacing. All three LPDMs perform better when the WRF wind fields in the planetary boundary layer are nudged to NARR, with FLEXPART benefitting the most. Case studies indicate that the nudging corrects an overestimate in plume transport speed possibly caused by a positive bias in WRF wind speeds near the surface. All three LPDMs also benefit from the use of time-averaged velocity and convective mass flux fields generated by WRF, but the impact on HYSPLIT and STILT is much greater than on FLEXPART. STILT backward runs perform as well as their forward counterparts, demonstrating this model's reversibility and its suitability for application to inverse flux estimates. C1 [Hegarty, Jennifer; Mountain, Marikate; Eluszkiewicz, Janusz; Nehrkorn, Thomas] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Draxler, Roland R.; Stein, Ariel F.; Ngan, Fong] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. [Brioude, Jerome] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brioude, Jerome] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Ngan, Fong] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Andrews, Arlyn] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hegarty, J (reprint author), Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, 131 Hartwell Ave, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. EM jhegarty@aer.com RI Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014; Ngan, Fong/G-1324-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198; Ngan, Fong/0000-0002-7263-7727; Nehrkorn, Thomas/0000-0003-0637-3468 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0836153, ATM-1207983]; NOAA [WE133R11SE2312, RA-133R-12-SE-2198] FX We gratefully acknowledge support for this study from the National Science Foundation (Grants ATM-0836153 and ATM-1207983) and NOAA (Grants WE133R11SE2312 and RA-133R-12-SE-2198). The WRF-STILT development at AER has been supported by NSF, NASA, NOAA, and the U.S. intelligence community. The field data and the original reports are available through the Data Archive of Tracer Experiments and Meteorology (DATEM; http://www.arl.noaa.gov/DATEM.php), statistical and graphical outputs from the LPDM simulations are available at ftp://arlftp.arlhq.noaa.gov/117/results, and the WRF meteorological fields are available at http://www.arl.noaa.gov/DATEM_WRF-ARW.php. Please contact Roland Draxler for more information about the DATEM database. NR 56 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 35 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 52 IS 12 BP 2623 EP 2637 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0125.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 270WG UT WOS:000328349300002 ER PT J AU Ngan, F Kim, H Lee, P Al-Wali, K Dornblaser, B AF Ngan, Fong Kim, Hyuncheol Lee, Pius Al-Wali, Khalid Dornblaser, Bright TI A Study of Nocturnal Surface Wind Speed Overprediction by the WRF-ARW Model in Southeastern Texas SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Model evaluation; performance; Parameterization; Regional models; Air quality; Atmosphere-land interaction; Coastal meteorology ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; PART I; AIR-QUALITY; PARAMETERIZATIONS; PREDICTION; MONSOON; JETS; SEA; ICE AB The overprediction of surface wind speed during nighttime by the Advanced Research core of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) model was investigated for a period of the Second Texas Air Quality Study (28 May-3 July 2006). In coastal regions of southeastern Texas, the model had a significant increase of wind speed biases on the surface in the evening throughout the period, especially between 4 and 12 June. The synoptic pattern was a high pressure system centered over the Louisiana-Mississippi area that was subjected to a weak easterly-southeasterly flow in the lower troposphere. The weather conditions favorable for sea-breeze development brought a southerly-southwesterly onshore flow to the near-surface levels. In comparison with measurements, the downward sensible heat flux was overpredicted at night, which resulted in a warm bias in surface temperature. For the vertical wind profile on days with an evening wind bias, sea-breeze-driven nocturnal low-level jets (southerly-southwesterly) were present at around 300 m while another wind maximum was observed at higher levels (around 1.5-2 km), which were associated with a high pressure system centered on southeastern states. The vertical gradient of wind speed in the lowest 150 m was smoother in the model than it was in the observations; this could be attributed to excessive downward mixing. Sensitivities using different land surface and PBL parameterizations showed that the model's overprediction of nocturnal wind was still present despite improvements in the predictions of surface temperature and sensible heat flux. C1 [Ngan, Fong; Kim, Hyuncheol; Lee, Pius] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. [Ngan, Fong; Kim, Hyuncheol] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Al-Wali, Khalid; Dornblaser, Bright] Texas Commiss Environm Qual, Air Qual Div, Austin, TX USA. RP Ngan, F (reprint author), 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM fantine.ngan@noaa.gov RI Ngan, Fong/G-1324-2012; Kim, Hyun/G-1315-2012; Lee, Pius/D-5201-2016 OI Ngan, Fong/0000-0002-7263-7727; Kim, Hyun/0000-0003-3968-6145; FU TCEQ FX The authors thank Dr. Bernhard Rappenglueck and Ms. Cari-Sue Wilmot from the University of Houston for providing the measurement data at the UHCC. Funding for this study was provided by the TCEQ. Although this work has been reviewed by NOAA and approved for publication, any views or opinions expressed in this work are those of the authors and not NOAA or TCEQ. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 52 IS 12 BP 2638 EP 2653 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-060.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 270WG UT WOS:000328349300003 ER PT J AU Ryzhkov, AV Kumjian, MR Ganson, SM Khain, AP AF Ryzhkov, Alexander V. Kumjian, Matthew R. Ganson, Scott M. Khain, Alexander P. TI Polarimetric Radar Characteristics of Melting Hail. Part I: Theoretical Simulations Using Spectral Microphysical Modeling SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hail; Radars; Radar observations ID C-BAND; DIFFERENTIAL ATTENUATION; RAINFALL ESTIMATION; POLARIZATION RADAR; WIND-TUNNEL; S-BAND; PRECIPITATION; REFLECTIVITY; STORM; PHASE AB Spectral (bin) microphysics models are used to simulate polarimetric radar variables in melting hail. Most computations are performed in a framework of a steady-state, one-dimensional column model. Vertical profiles of radar reflectivity factor Z, differential reflectivity Z(DR), specific differential phase K-DP, specific attenuation A(h), and specific differential attenuation A(DP) are modeled at S, C, and X bands for a variety of size distributions of ice particles aloft. The impact of temperature lapse rate, humidity, vertical air velocities, and ice particle density on the vertical profiles of the radar variables is also investigated. Polarimetric radar signatures of melting hail depend on the degree of melting or the height of the radar resolution volume with respect to the freezing level, which determines the relative fractions of partially and completely melted hail (i.e., rain). Simulated vertical profiles of radar variables are very sensitive to radar wavelength and the slope of the size distribution of hail aloft, which is correlated well with maximal hail size. Analysis of relative contributions of different parts of the hail/rain size spectrum to the radar variables allows explanations of a number of experimentally observed features such as large differences in Z of hail at the three radar wavelengths, unusually high values of Z(DR) at C band, and relative insensitivity of the measurements at C and X bands to the presence of large hail exceeding 2.5 cm in diameter. Modeling results are consistent with S- and C-band polarimetric radar observations and are utilized in Part II for devising practical algorithms for hail detection and determination of hail size as well as attenuation correction and rainfall estimation in the presence of hail. C1 [Ryzhkov, Alexander V.; Kumjian, Matthew R.; Ganson, Scott M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ryzhkov, Alexander V.; Kumjian, Matthew R.; Ganson, Scott M.] NOAA, OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Khain, Alexander P.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Ryzhkov, AV (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Suite 4911,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM alexander.ryzhkov@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Weather Service; Federal Aviation Administration; U.S. Department of Defense; Binational U.S.-Israel Science Foundation [2006437, 2010446]; U.S. Department of Energy, Atmospheric System Research FX Funding for the study was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce, and by the National Weather Service, Federal Aviation Administration, and U.S. Department of Defense program for modernization of NEXRAD. Additional support came from the Binational U.S.-Israel Science Foundation (Grants 2006437 and 2010446) and from the U.S. Department of Energy, Atmospheric System Research. NR 58 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 52 IS 12 BP 2849 EP 2870 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-073.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 270WG UT WOS:000328349300015 ER PT J AU Ryzhkov, AV Kumjian, MR Ganson, SM Zhang, PF AF Ryzhkov, Alexander V. Kumjian, Matthew R. Ganson, Scott M. Zhang, Pengfei TI Polarimetric Radar Characteristics of Melting Hail. Part II: Practical Implications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hail; Radars; Radar observations ID HYDROMETEOR IDENTIFICATION ALGORITHM; C-BAND; DIFFERENTIAL ATTENUATION; CLASSIFICATION; RAIN; POLARIZATION; PRECIPITATION; PHASE; MODEL; REFLECTIVITY AB The results of theoretical modeling in Part I are utilized to develop practical recommendations for developing the algorithms for hail detection and determination of its size as well as attenuation correction and rainfall estimation in the presence of hail. A new algorithm for discrimination between small hail (with maximal size of less than 2.5 cm), large hail (with diameters between 2.5 and 5.0 cm), and giant hail with size exceeding 5.0 cm is proposed and implemented for applications with the S-band dual-polarization Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) systems. The fuzzy-logic algorithm is based on the combined use of radar reflectivity Z, differential reflectivity Z(DR), and cross-correlation coefficient (hv). The parameters of the membership functions depend on the height of the radar resolution volume with respect to the freezing level, exploiting the size-dependent melting characteristics of hailstones. The attenuation effects in melting hail are quantified in this study, and a novel technique for polarimetric attenuation correction in the presence of hail is suggested. The use of a rainfall estimator that is based on specific differential phase K-DP is justified on the basis of the results of theoretical simulations and comparison of actual radar retrievals at S band with gauge measurements for storms containing large hail with diameters exceeding 2.5 cm. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NOAA, OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Ryzhkov, AV (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Suite 4900,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM alexander.ryzhkov@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce; U.S. National Weather Service; Federal Aviation Administration; U.S. Department of Defense; MOU; MIT Lincoln Laboratory through the FAA's NEXRAD Program Office; U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research Program FX Funding for the study was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce, and by the U.S. National Weather Service, Federal Aviation Administration, and U.S. Department of Defense program for modernization of NEXRAD. Part of this work was supported under an MOU with MIT Lincoln Laboratory through the FAA's NEXRAD Program Office and a grant from the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research Program. The authors thank Kiel Ortega of CIMMS/NSSL for providing Fig. 2. NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 52 IS 12 BP 2871 EP 2886 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-074.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 270WG UT WOS:000328349300016 ER PT J AU Bianco, L Gottas, D Wilczak, JM AF Bianco, Laura Gottas, Daniel Wilczak, James M. TI Implementation of a Gabor Transform Data Quality-Control Algorithm for UHF Wind Profiling Radars SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Data quality control; Profilers; atmospheric; Remote sensing; Wind profilers ID FRAME-EXPANSION; SPECTRA AB In this paper a Gabor transform-based algorithm is applied to identify and eliminate intermittent signal contamination in UHF wind profiling radars, such as that produced by migrating birds. The algorithm is applied in the time domain, and so it can be used to improve the accuracy of UHF radar wind profiler data in real timean essential requirement if these wind profiler data are to be assimilated into operational weather forecast models. The added value of using a moment-level Weber-Wuertz pattern recognition scheme that follows the Gabor transform processing is demonstrated. C1 [Bianco, Laura] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bianco, Laura; Gottas, Daniel; Wilczak, James M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bianco, L (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway,R PSD3, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM laura.bianco@noaa.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy FX This study is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy. The authors wish to acknowledge all the engineers of the NOAA/ESRL Physical Sciences Division who maintained and operated the radars used in this study, and Timothy Coleman for promptly ensuring the availability of the data collected by them. We also wish to acknowledge three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 30 IS 12 BP 2697 EP 2703 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00089.1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 275IK UT WOS:000328669300001 ER PT J AU Gladkova, I Shahriar, F Grossberg, M Frey, RA Menzel, WP AF Gladkova, Irina Shahriar, Fazlul Grossberg, Michael Frey, Richard A. Menzel, W. Paul TI Impact of the Aqua MODIS Band 6 Restoration on Cloud/Snow Discrimination SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cloud retrieval; Remote sensing; Satellite observations ID SNOW; PRODUCTS AB Distinguishing between clouds and snow is an intrinsically challenging problem because both have similar high albedo across many bands. The 1.6-m channel (band 6) on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument provides an essential tool for distinguishing clouds from snow, since snow typically has a much lower albedo in this band. Unfortunately, this band is severely damaged on the MODIS/Aqua platform and is typically not used in either snow or cloud products. An algorithm was previously introduced for quantitative image restoration (QIR) that can restore missing pixels of band 6 using multilinear regression with input from a spatial-spectral window in other bands. Also previously demonstrated was the effectiveness of this restoration for snow products over cloud-free pixels only. The focus of the authors' previous work was to evaluate the impact of this restoration on the snow product, and they had relied on the current cloud mask, which does not use any information from band 6. In this work the authors propose to apply the QIR-corrected band 6 to directly create a new cloud mask. They demonstrate that this new cloud mask is much more consistent with the one produced using the undamaged MODIS band 6 on Terra. The restoration of MODIS band 6 on the Aqua platform and its impact on the discrimination of clouds, snow, and clear sky is also examined. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted on a global set of granules. The method shows great promise and should be considered for use in NASA's next reprocessing of Aqua MODIS data. C1 [Gladkova, Irina; Shahriar, Fazlul; Grossberg, Michael] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Frey, Richard A.; Menzel, W. Paul] Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. RP Gladkova, I (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM gladkova@cs.ccny.cuny.edu RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201 FU NOAA/NESDIS STAR [DG133E07CQ0077] FX This work was supported in part by the NOAA/NESDIS STAR, Grant DG133E07CQ0077. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 30 IS 12 BP 2712 EP 2719 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00066.1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 275IK UT WOS:000328669300003 ER PT J AU Uprety, S Cao, CY Xiong, XX Blonski, S Wu, AS Shao, X AF Uprety, Sirish Cao, Changyong Xiong, Xiaoxiong Blonski, Slawomir Wu, Aisheng Shao, Xi TI Radiometric Intercomparison between Suomi-NPP VIIRS and Aqua MODIS Reflective Solar Bands Using Simultaneous Nadir Overpass in the Low Latitudes SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Satellite observations ID NEAR-INFRARED CHANNELS; IMAGING SPECTROMETER; SNOW ALBEDO; CALIBRATION; AVHRR; DEGRADATION; PERFORMANCE; SATELLITES AB On-orbit radiometric performance of the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (Suomi-NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) is studied using the extended simultaneous nadir overpass (SNO-x) approach. Unlike the traditional SNO analysis of data in the high latitudes, this study extends the analysis to the low latitudesin particular, over desert and ocean sites with relatively stable and homogeneous radiometric propertiesfor intersatellite comparisons. This approach utilizes a pixel-by-pixel match with an efficient geospatial matching algorithm to map VIIRS data into the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). VIIRS moderate-resolution bands M-1 through M-8 are compared with Aqua MODIS equivalent bands to quantify radiometric bias over the North African desert and over the ocean. Biases exist between VIIRS and MODIS in several bands, primarily because of spectral differences as well as possible calibration uncertainties, residual cloud contamination, and bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). The impact of spectral differences on bias is quantified by using the Moderate Resolution Atmospheric Transmission (MODTRAN) and hyperspectral measurements from the Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) Hyperion and the Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS). After accounting for spectral differences and bias uncertainties, the VIIRS radiometric bias over desert agrees with MODIS measurements within 2% except for the VIIRS shortwave infrared (SWIR) band M-8, which indicates a nearly 3% bias. Over ocean, VIIRS agrees with MODIS within 2% by the end of January 2013 with uncertainty less than 1%. Furthermore, VIIRS bias relative to MODIS is also computed at the Antarctica Dome C site for validation and the result agrees well within 1% with the bias estimated using SNO-x over desert. C1 [Uprety, Sirish] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Cao, Changyong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, College Pk, MD USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Blonski, Slawomir; Shao, Xi] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wu, Aisheng] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD USA. RP Uprety, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, 1375 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sirish.uprety@noaa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Shao, Xi/H-9452-2016 FU JPSS program office FX The authors thank the VIIRS SDR team members for their dedicated support in calibration/validation of VIIRS SDR data. The authors thank Ms. Yan Bai for her support in data collection and editorial work. This work is partially funded by the JPSS program office. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. government. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 30 IS 12 BP 2720 EP 2736 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00071.1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 275IK UT WOS:000328669300004 ER PT J AU Ivic, IR Curtis, C Torres, SM AF Ivic, Igor R. Curtis, Christopher Torres, Sebastian M. TI Radial-Based Noise Power Estimation for Weather Radars SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Data processing; Radars; Radar observations; Remote sensing; Bias; Filtering techniques; Statistical techniques ID DOPPLER SPECTRA AB A radar antenna intercepts thermal radiation from various sources including the ground, the sun, the sky, precipitation, and man-made radiators. In the radar receiver, this external radiation produces noise that constructively adds to the receiver internal noise and results in the overall system noise. Consequently, the system noise power is dependent on the antenna position and needs to be estimated accurately. Inaccurate noise power measurements may lead to reduction of coverage if the noise power is overestimated or to radar data images cluttered by noise speckles if the noise power is underestimated. Moreover, when an erroneous noise power is used at low-to-moderate signal-to-noise ratios, estimators can produce biased meteorological variables. Therefore, to obtain the best quality of radar products, it is desirable to compute meteorological variables using the noise power measured at each antenna position. In this paper, an effective method is proposed to estimate the noise power in real time from measured powers at each radial. The technique uses a set of criteria to detect radar range resolution volumes that do not contain weather signals and uses those to estimate the noise power. The algorithm is evaluated using both simulated and real time series data; results show that the proposed technique accurately produces estimates of the system noise power. An operational implementation of this technique is expected to significantly improve the quality of weather radar products with a relatively small computational burden. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Ivic, IR (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM igor.ivic@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX The authors thank Alan Free of the Radar Operations Center and David Warde of the National Severe Storms Laboratory for providing the radar data used to validate the technique. We also thank Valery Melnikov and David Warde for providing comments that improved the manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 30 IS 12 BP 2737 EP 2753 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00008.1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 275IK UT WOS:000328669300005 ER PT J AU Free, M Sun, BM AF Free, Melissa Sun, Bomin TI Time-Varying Biases in US Total Cloud Cover Data SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE North America; Climate records ID UNITED-STATES; 20TH-CENTURY AB This paper presents evidence of significant discontinuities in U.S. cloud cover data from the Integrated Surface Database (ISD) and its predecessor datasets. While long-term U.S. cloud records have some well-known homogeneity problems related to the introduction of the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) in the 1990s, the change to the international standard reporting format [aviation routine weather report (METAR)] in the United States in July 1996 introduces an additional inhomogeneity at many of the stations where humans still make or supplement cloud observations. This change is associated with an upward shift in total cloud of 0.1%-10%, statistically significant at 95 of 172 stations. The shift occurs at both National Weather Service and military weather stations, producing a mean increase in total cloud of 2%-3%. This suggests that the positive trends in U.S. cloud cover reported by other researchers for recent time periods may be exaggerated, a conclusion that is supported by comparisons with precipitation and diurnal temperature range data.Additional discontinuities exist at other times in the frequency distributions of fractional cloud cover at the majority of stations, many of which may be explained by changes in the sources and types of data included in ISD. Some of these result in noticeable changes in monthly-mean total cloud. The current U.S. cloud cover database needs thorough homogeneity testing and adjustment before it can be used with confidence for trend assessment or satellite product validation. C1 [Free, Melissa] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Sun, Bomin] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Sun, Bomin] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. RP Free, M (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, R ARL, NCWCP, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM melissa.free@noaa.gov RI Sun, Bomin/P-8742-2014 OI Sun, Bomin/0000-0002-4872-9349 FU Climate Monitoring Program of NOAA's Climate Program Office FX This work was funded in part by the Climate Monitoring Program of NOAA's Climate Program Office. We thank William Brown at NCDC for providing DSI-3280 and DATSAV3 data, Pasha Groisman at NCDC for providing daily precipitation data, and Neal Lott and Mark Lackey at NCDC for answering questions regarding the ISD data processing. Neal Lott also provided many helpful comments on the paper. Suggestions from several anonymous reviewers improved the paper significantly. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 30 IS 12 BP 2838 EP 2849 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00026.1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 275IK UT WOS:000328669300012 ER PT J AU Wood, VT White, LW AF Wood, Vincent T. White, Luther W. TI A Parametric Wind-Pressure Relationship for Rankine versus Non-Rankine Cyclostrophic Vortices SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mesocyclones; Severe storms; Tornadoes; Tropical cyclones; Optimization; Model evaluation; performance ID DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; TORNADO-LIKE VORTICES; DUST DEVILS; STORM; SIMULATION; PATTERNS; MODEL; TEXAS AB A parametric tangential wind profile model is presented for depicting representative pressure deficit profiles corresponding to varying tangential wind profiles of a cyclostrophic, axisymmetric vortex. The model employs five key parameters per wind profile: tangential velocity maximum, radius of the maximum, and three shape parameters that control different portions of the profile. The model coupled with the cyclostrophic balance assumption offers a diagnostic tool for estimating and examining a radial profile of pressure deficit deduced from a theoretical superimposing tangential wind profile in the vortex. Analytical results show that the shape parameters for a given tangential wind maximum of a non-Rankine vortex have an important modulating influence on the behavior of realistic tangential wind and corresponding pressure deficit profiles. The first parameter designed for changing the wind profile from sharply to broadly peaked produces the corresponding central pressure fall. An increase in the second (third) parameter yields the pressure rise by lowering the inner (outer) wind profile inside (outside) the radius of the maximum. Compared to the Rankine vortex, the parametrically constructed non-Rankine vortices have a larger central pressure deficit. It is suggested that the parametric model of non-Rankine vortex tangential winds has good potential for diagnosing the pressure features arising in dust devils, waterspouts, tornadoes, tornado cyclones, and mesocyclones. Finally, presented are two examples in which the parametric model is fitted to a tangential velocity profile, one derived from an idealized numerical simulation and the other derived from high-resolution Doppler radar data collected in a real tornado. C1 [Wood, Vincent T.] NOAA, OAR, NSSL, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [White, Luther W.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Math, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Wood, VT (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, NSSL, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Room 3921, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM vincent.wood@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 30 IS 12 BP 2850 EP 2867 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00041.1 PG 18 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 275IK UT WOS:000328669300013 ER PT J AU Heidinger, AK Laszlo, I Molling, CC Tarpley, D AF Heidinger, Andrew K. Laszlo, Istvan Molling, Christine C. Tarpley, Dan TI Using SURFRAD to Verify the NOAA Single-Channel Land Surface Temperature Algorithm SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Surface temperature; Remote sensing; Satellite observations; Surface observations ID SATELLITE; PRODUCTS; RADIATION AB Because of spectral shifts from instrument to instrument in the operational NOAA satellite imager longwave infrared channels, the NOAA/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) has developed a single-channel land surface temperature (LST) algorithm based on the observed 11-m radiances, numerical weather prediction data, and radiative transfer modeling that allows for consistent results from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-I/L (GOES-I/L), GOES-M-P, and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)/1 through 3 sensor versions. This approach is implemented in the real-time NESDIS processing systems [GOES Surface and Insolation Products (GSIP) and Clouds from AVHRR Extended (CLAVR-x)], and in the Pathfinder Atmospheres-Extended (PATMOS-x) climate dataset. An analysis of the PATMOS-x LST against that derived from the upwelling broadband longwave flux at each Surface Radiation Network (SURFRAD) site showed that biases in PATMOS-x were approximately 1 K or less. The standard deviations of the PATMOS-x minus SURFRAD LST biases are generally 2.5 K or less at all sites for all sensors. Using the PATMOS-x minus SURFRAD LST distributions to validate the PATMOS-x cloud detection, the PATMOS-x cloud probability of correct detection values were shown to meet the GOES-R specifications for all sites. C1 [Heidinger, Andrew K.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Adv Satellite Prod Branch, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Laszlo, Istvan] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Environm Monitoring Branch, College Pk, MD USA. [Molling, Christine C.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Tarpley, Dan] Short & Associates, Washington, DC USA. RP Heidinger, AK (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, 1225 West Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM andrew.heidinger@noaa.gov RI Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X FU NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) Program; NOAA/Office of Systems Development (OSD); NOAA/Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) FX Ellsworth Dutton, a long-term champion of the SURFRAD, passed away while this manuscript was written. We will miss his guidance and kindness. We appreciate the support of the NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) Program, the NOAA/Office of Systems Development (OSD) and the NOAA/Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 30 IS 12 BP 2868 EP 2884 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00051.1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 275IK UT WOS:000328669300014 ER PT J AU Curtis, CD Torres, SM AF Curtis, Christopher D. Torres, Sebastian M. TI Real-Time Measurement of the Range Correlation for Range Oversampling Processing SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Radars; Radar observations; Quality assurance; control ID PHASED-ARRAY RADAR; WEATHER RADAR; SPECTRAL MOMENT; SIMULATION; SIGNALS AB As range-oversampling processing has become more practical for weather radars, implementation issues have become important to ensure the best possible performance. For example, all of the linear transformations that have been utilized for range-oversampling processing directly depend on the normalized range correlation matrix. Hence, accurately measuring the correlation in range time is essential to avoid reflectivity biases and to ensure the expected variance reduction. Although the range correlation should be relatively stable over time, hardware changes and drift due to changing environmental conditions can have measurable effects on the modified pulse. To reliably track changes in the range correlation, an automated real-time method is needed that does not interfere with normal data collection. A method is proposed that uses range-oversampled data from operational radar scans and that works with radar returns from both weather and ground clutter. In this paper, the method is described, tested using simulations, and validated with time series data. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Curtis, CD (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM chris.curtis@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX The authors thank two anonymous reviewers and I. Ivic and D. Zrnic for providing comments to improve the manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 30 IS 12 BP 2885 EP 2895 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00090.1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 275IK UT WOS:000328669300015 ER PT J AU Mielikainen, J Huang, B Huang, HLA Goldberg, MD Mehta, A AF Mielikainen, J. Huang, B. Huang, H. -L. A. Goldberg, M. D. Mehta, A. TI Speeding Up the Computation of WRF Double-Moment 6-Class Microphysics Scheme with GPU SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cloud microphysics ID ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING INTERFEROMETER; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL AB The Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) double-moment 6-class microphysics scheme (WDM6) implements a double-moment bulk microphysical parameterization of clouds and precipitation and is applicable in mesoscale and general circulation models. WDM6 extends the WRF single-moment 6-class microphysics scheme (WSM6) by incorporating the number concentrations for cloud and rainwater along with a prognostic variable of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentration. Moreover, it predicts the mixing ratios of six water species (water vapor, cloud droplets, cloud ice, snow, rain, and graupel), similar to WSM6. This paper describes improving the computational performance of WDM6 by exploiting its inherent fine-grained parallelism using the NVIDIA graphics processing unit (GPU). Compared to the single-threaded CPU, a single GPU implementation of WDM6 obtains a speedup of 150x with the input/output (I/O) transfer and 206x without the I/O transfer. Using four GPUs, the speedup reaches 347x and 715x, respectively. C1 [Mielikainen, J.; Huang, B.; Huang, H. -L. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Goldberg, M. D.; Mehta, A.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. RP Mielikainen, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mielikai@gmail.com FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA10NES4400013] FX This work is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under Grant NA10NES4400013. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 30 IS 12 BP 2896 EP 2906 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00218.1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 275IK UT WOS:000328669300016 ER PT J AU Huang, BY L'Heureux, M Lawrimore, J Liu, CY Zhang, HM Banzon, V Hu, ZZ Kumar, A AF Huang, Boyin L'Heureux, Michelle Lawrimore, Jay Liu, Chunying Zhang, Huai-Min Banzon, Viva Hu, Zeng-Zhen Kumar, Arun TI Why Did Large Differences Arise in the Sea Surface Temperature Datasets across the Tropical Pacific during 2012? SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Buoy observations; Data processing; In situ oceanic observations; Satellite observations; Ship observations; Bias ID OBSERVING-SYSTEM; IN-SITU; SST; RESOLUTION; CLIMATE AB During June-November 2012, pronounced differences in tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies were observed between three widely used SST products: the extended reconstructed SST version 3b (ERSSTv3b), and the optimum interpolation SST version 2 analyses (OISST), produced weekly (OISSTwk) and daily (OISSTdy). During June-August 2012, the Nino-3.4 SST anomaly (SSTA) index was 0.2 degrees-0.3 degrees C lower in ERSSTv3b than in OISSTwk and OISSTdy, while it was 0.3 degrees-0.4 degrees C higher from September to November 2012. Such differences in the Nino-3.4 SSTA index can impact the assessment of the status of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation, which is determined using a threshold of 0.5 degrees C in the Nino-3.4 SSTA index.To investigate the reasons for the differences between ERSSTv3b and OISSTdy/OISSTwk, an experimental analysis (called ERSSTsat) is created that is similar to ERSSTv3b but includes satellite-derived SSTs. However, significant differences in the Nino-3.4 SSTA index remained between ERSSTsat and OISSTdy/OISSTwk. Comparisons of ERSSTsat and OISSTdy indicate that their differences are mostly associated with the different schemes for bias adjustment applied to the satellite-based SSTs. It is therefore suggested that the differences in the Nino-3.4 SSTA index between ERSSTv3b and OISSTdy cannot be solely due to the inclusion of but by the bias adjustment methodology of satellite data in OISSTdy.Finally, the SST products are compared with observations from ships, buoys, and satellites. On the monthly time scale, the area-averaged Nino-3.4 SSTA index in the tropical Pacific is more consistent with in situ observations in ERSSTv3b than in OISSTdy. In contrast, pointwise observations across the tropical Pacific are more consistent with OISSTdy than ERSSTv3b. It is therefore suggested that the differences among SST products are partially due to a structural uncertainty of various SST estimates. C1 [Huang, Boyin; Lawrimore, Jay; Zhang, Huai-Min; Banzon, Viva] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [L'Heureux, Michelle; Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Liu, Chunying] ERT Inc, Laurel, MD USA. RP Huang, BY (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM boyin.huang@noaa.gov RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011; Banzon, Viva/D-5499-2014 OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400; FU NASA Earth Science MEaSUREs DISCOVER Project; AMSR-E Science Team FX The authors thank four anonymous reviewers, as well as Richard Reynolds, John Bates, and Thomas Smith for their thoughtful comments and suggestions, which significantly improved the manuscript. Christopher Merchant was helpful in providing us the monthly ATSR dataset. AMSR-E data are produced by Remote Sensing Systems and sponsored by the NASA Earth Science MEaSUREs DISCOVER Project and the AMSR-E Science Team. The AMSR-E data are available online (www.remss.com). NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 30 IS 12 BP 2944 EP 2953 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00034.1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 275IK UT WOS:000328669300019 ER PT J AU Van Dolah, FM Zippay, ML Pezzolesi, L Rein, KS Johnson, JG Morey, JS Wang, ZH Pistocchi, R AF Van Dolah, Frances M. Zippay, Mackenzie L. Pezzolesi, Laura Rein, Kathleen S. Johnson, Jillian G. Morey, Jeanine S. Wang, Zhihong Pistocchi, Rossella TI SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF DINOFLAGELLATE POLYKETIDE SYNTHASES AND FATTY ACID SYNTHASE ACTIVITY SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brevetoxin; Coolia monotis; dinoflagellates; fatty acid synthase; Karenia brevis; Ostreopsis cf; ovata; palytoxin; polyketide synthase ID KARENIA-BREVIS; CRYPTHECODINIUM-COHNII; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; GENE-EXPRESSION; BIOSYNTHESIS; OVATA; METABOLITES; OVATOXINS; COMPLEX AB Dinoflagellates are prolific producers of polyketide secondary metabolites. Dinoflagellate polyketide synthases (PKSs) have sequence similarity to Type I PKSs, megasynthases that encode all catalytic domains on a single polypeptide. However, in dinoflagellate PKSs identified to date, each catalytic domain resides on a separate transcript, suggesting multiprotein complexes similar to Type II PKSs. Here, we provide evidence through coimmunoprecipitation that single-domain ketosynthase and ketoreductase proteins interact, suggesting a predicted multiprotein complex. In Karenia brevis (C.C. Davis) Gert Hansen & O. Moestrup, previously observed chloroplast localization of PKSs suggested that brevetoxin biosynthesis may take place in the chloroplast. Here, we report that PKSs are present in both cytosol and chloroplast. Furthermore, brevetoxin is not present in isolated chloroplasts, raising the question of what chloroplast-localized PKS enzymes might be doing. Antibodies to K.brevis PKSs recognize cytosolic and chloroplast proteins in Ostreopsis cf. ovata Fukuyo, and Coolia monotis Meunier, which produce different suites of polyketide toxins, suggesting that these PKSs may share common pathways. Since PKSs are closely related to fatty acid synthases (FAS), we sought to determine if fatty acid biosynthesis colocalizes with either chloroplast or cytosolic PKSs. [H-3]acetate labeling showed fatty acids are synthesized in the cytosol, with little incorporation in chloroplasts, consistent with a Type I FAS system. However, although 29 sequences in a K.brevis expressed sequence tag database have similarity (BLASTx e-value <10(-10)) to PKSs, no transcripts for either Type I (cytosolic) or Type II (chloroplast) FAS are present. Further characterization of the FAS complexes may help to elucidate the functions of the PKS enzymes identified in dinoflagellates. C1 [Van Dolah, Frances M.; Zippay, Mackenzie L.; Johnson, Jillian G.; Morey, Jeanine S.; Wang, Zhihong] NOAA Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Van Dolah, Frances M.; Zippay, Mackenzie L.; Johnson, Jillian G.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Pezzolesi, Laura; Pistocchi, Rossella] Univ Bologna, Interdept Res Ctr Environm Sci CIRSA, I-48123 Ravenna, Italy. [Rein, Kathleen S.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Van Dolah, FM (reprint author), NOAA Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM fran.vandolah@noaa.gov OI PEZZOLESI, LAURA/0000-0002-6260-2715 FU NOAA/NOS/NCCOS project [02E0025]; NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative postdoctoral traineeship through the Medical University of South Carolina; Marco Polo funding programme through The University of Bologna; NIEHS ARCH [S11 ES0 11181] FX This work was funded by NOAA/NOS/NCCOS project #02E0025. MLZ was supported by a NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative postdoctoral traineeship through the Medical University of South Carolina. LP was supported by a fellowship from the Marco Polo funding programme through The University of Bologna. Contributions from KR were supported by NIEHS ARCH grant S11 ES0 11181 while on sabbatical leave from FIU. We thank Jack DiTullio and Tyler Cyronak for assistance with chlorophyll analysis. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3646 EI 1529-8817 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1118 EP 1127 DI 10.1111/jpy.12120 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 270UD UT WOS:000328343400010 PM 27007632 ER PT J AU Charnotskii, M AF Charnotskii, Mikhail TI Statistics of the sparse spectrum turbulent phase SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article AB A recently published sparse spectrum (SS) model of the phase front perturbations by atmospheric turbulence [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 30, 479 (2013)] is based on the trigonometric series with discrete random support. The SS model enables fewer computational efforts, while preserving the wide range of scales typically associated with turbulence perturbations. We present an improved version of the SS model that accurately reproduces the power-law spectral density of the phase fluctuations in the arbitrary wide spectral band. We examine the higher-order statistics of the SS phase samples for four versions of the SS model. We also present the calculations of the long-exposure Strehl numbers and scintillation index for the different versions of the SS model. A nonoverlapping SS model with a log-uniform partition emerges as the most appropriate for the atmospheric turbulence representation. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Charnotskii, Mikhail] Zel Technol LLC, Boulder, CO USA. [Charnotskii, Mikhail] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Charnotskii, M (reprint author), Zel Technol LLC, 325 Broadway R PSD 99, Boulder, CO USA. EM Mikhail.Charnotskii@noaa.gov RI Charnotskii, Mikhail/A-7193-2013 OI Charnotskii, Mikhail/0000-0002-8315-8254 NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 EI 1520-8532 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 30 IS 12 BP 2455 EP 2465 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.30.002455 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 272IE UT WOS:000328452900001 PM 24323006 ER PT J AU Gottschalck, J Roundy, PE Schreck, CJ Vintzileos, A Zhang, CD AF Gottschalck, Jon Roundy, Paul E. Schreck, Carl J., III Vintzileos, Augustin Zhang, Chidong TI Large-Scale Atmospheric and Oceanic Conditions during the 2011-12 DYNAMO Field Campaign SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Madden-Julian oscillation; Intraseasonal variability ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; COUPLED EQUATORIAL WAVES; KELVIN WAVES; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; CLIMATE MODELS; INDIAN-OCEAN; ROSSBY WAVES; PART I; MJO; PRECIPITATION AB An international field campaign, Dynamics of the Madden Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO), took place in the Indian Ocean during October 2011-March 2012 to collect observations for the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO), especially its convective initiation processes. The large-scale atmospheric and oceanic conditions during the campaign are documented here. The ENSO and the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) states, the monthly mean monsoon circulation and its associated precipitation, humidity, vertical and meridional/zonal overturning cells, and ocean surface currents are discussed. The evolution of MJO events is described using various fields and indices that have been used to subdivide the campaign into three periods. These periods were 1) 17 September-8 December 2011 (period 1), which featured two robust MJO events that circumnavigated the global tropics with a period of less than 45 days; 2) 9 December 2011-31 January 2012, which contained less coherent activity (period 2); and 3) 1 February-12 April 2012, a period that featured the strongest and most slowly propagating MJO event of the campaign (period 3). Activities of convectively coupled atmospheric Kelvin and equatorial Rossby (ER) waves and their interaction with the MJO are discussed. The overview of the atmospheric and oceanic variability during the field campaign raises several scientific issues pertaining to our understanding of the MJO, or lack thereof. Among others, roles of Kelvin and ER waves in MJO convective initiation, convection-circulation decoupling on the MJO scale, applications of MJO filtering methods and indices, and ocean-atmosphere coupling need further research attention. C1 [Gottschalck, Jon] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Roundy, Paul E.] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Schreck, Carl J., III] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. [Vintzileos, Augustin] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Vintzileos, Augustin] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zhang, Chidong] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Gottschalck, J (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM jon.gottschalck@noaa.gov RI Schreck, Carl/B-8711-2011 OI Schreck, Carl/0000-0001-9331-5754 FU NSF [AGS-1062202]; NOAA Climate Program Office (CPO) Earth System Science (ESS) Grants; NOAA's Climate Data Record (CDR) Program through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (CICS-NC) FX This study was supported by NSF Grant AGS-1062202 and NOAA Climate Program Office (CPO) Earth System Science (ESS) Grants (Zhang, Gottschalck). Schreck received support for this research from NOAA's Climate Data Record (CDR) Program through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (CICS-NC). We are also grateful to Hilawe Semunegus for processing the SSMIS precipitable water data. Real-time analysis and forecast data provided by ECMWF were tremendously helpful during the DYNAMO field campaign. The authors thank Matt Wheeler for dedicated service and very helpful discussions during the DYNAMO campaign. We would like to also thank John Knaff and one anonymous reviewer for careful review of the manuscript and extremely helpful suggestions. NR 41 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 141 IS 12 BP 4173 EP 4196 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00022.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 256AY UT WOS:000327283300001 ER PT J AU Ventrice, MJ Wheeler, MC Hendon, HH Schreck, CJ Thorncroft, CD Kiladis, GN AF Ventrice, Michael J. Wheeler, Matthew C. Hendon, Harry H. Schreck, Carl J., III Thorncroft, Chris D. Kiladis, George N. TI A Modified Multivariate Madden-Julian Oscillation Index Using Velocity Potential SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Indices; Madden-Julian oscillation; Empirical orthogonal functions; Intraseasonal variability; Tropical variability ID TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY; WEST-AFRICAN MONSOON; 1997-98 EL-NINO; SUMMER MONSOON; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; NORTH PACIFIC; BREAK PHASES; KELVIN WAVES; MJO INDEX; FGGE YEAR AB A new Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) index is developed from a combined empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of meridionally averaged 200-hPa velocity potential (VP200), 200-hPa zonal wind (U200), and 850-hPa zonal wind (U850). Like the Wheeler-Hendon Real-time Multivariate MJO (RMM) index, which was developed in the same way except using outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data instead of VP200, daily data are projected onto the leading pair of EOFs to produce the two-component index. This new index is called the velocity potential MJO (VPM) indices and its properties are quantitatively compared to RMM. Compared to the RMM index, the VPM index detects larger-amplitude MJO-associated signals during boreal summer. This includes a slightly stronger and more coherent modulation of Atlantic tropical cyclones. This result is attributed to the fact that velocity potential preferentially emphasizes the planetary-scale aspects of the divergent circulation, thereby spreading the convectively driven component of the MJO's signal across the entire globe. VP200 thus deemphasizes the convective signal of the MJO over the Indian Ocean warm pool, where the OLR variability associated with the MJO is concentrated, and enhances the signal over the relatively drier longitudes of the equatorial Pacific and Atlantic. This work provides a useful framework for systematic analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of different MJO indices. C1 [Ventrice, Michael J.; Thorncroft, Chris D.] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Wheeler, Matthew C.; Hendon, Harry H.] Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Schreck, Carl J., III] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. [Schreck, Carl J., III] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Kiladis, George N.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Ventrice, MJ (reprint author), SUNY Albany, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM mventrice@albany.edu RI Schreck, Carl/B-8711-2011 OI Schreck, Carl/0000-0001-9331-5754 FU NASA [NNX09AD08G, NNX10AU44G] FX The authors would like thank ECMWF and NCEP for providing the data in the study. We extend our gratitude to NASA for the Grants NNX09AD08G and NNX10AU44G, which supported this research. Interpolated OLR data were provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, from their website (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/). All figures were made using the NCAR Command Language (2013). NR 55 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 141 IS 12 BP 4197 EP 4210 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00327.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 256AY UT WOS:000327283300002 ER PT J AU Neiman, PJ Hughes, M Moore, BJ Ralph, FM Sukovich, EM AF Neiman, Paul J. Hughes, Mimi Moore, Benjamin J. Ralph, F. Martin Sukovich, Ellen M. TI Sierra Barrier Jets, Atmospheric Rivers, and Precipitation Characteristics in Northern California: A Composite Perspective Based on a Network of Wind Profilers SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Precipitation; Hydrometeorology; Mesoscale processes; Orographic effects; Storm environments ID AIRBORNE DOPPLER OBSERVATIONS; COOPERATIVE-PILOT-PROJECT; LANDFALLING WINTER STORM; OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION; COASTAL OROGRAPHY; NEVADA MOUNTAINS; COLD FRONTS; WEST-COAST; AIR-FLOW; WATER AB Five 915-MHz wind profilers and GPS receivers across California's northern Central Valley (CV) and adjacent Sierra foothills and coastal zone, in tandem with a 6-km-resolution gridded reanalysis dataset generated from the Weather Research and Forecasting Model, document key spatiotemporal characteristics of Sierra barrier jets (SBJs), landfalling atmospheric rivers (ARs), and their interactions. Composite kinematic and thermodynamic analyses are based on the 13 strongest SBJ cases observed by the Sloughhouse profiler between 2009 and 2011. The analyses show shallow, cool, south-southeasterly (i.e., Sierra parallel) flow and associated water vapor transport strengthening with time early in the 24-h compositing period, culminating in an SBJ core at <1 km above ground over the eastern CV. The SBJ core increases in altitude up the Sierra's windward slope and poleward toward the north end of the CV, but it does not reach the westernmost CV. Above the developing SBJ, strengthening southwesterly flow descends temporally in response to the landfalling AR. The moistening SBJ reaches maximum intensity during the strongest AR flow aloft, at which time the core of the AR-parallel vapor transport slopes over the SBJ. The inland penetration of the AR through the San Francisco Bay gap in the coastal mountains contributes to SBJ moistening and deepening. The SBJ subsequently weakens with the initial cold-frontal period aloft, during which the shallow flow shifts to southwesterly and the heaviest precipitation falls in the Sierra foothills. An orographic precipitation analysis quantitatively links the Sierra-perpendicular (nearly AR parallel) vapor fluxes to enhanced precipitation along the Sierra's windward slope and the SBJ-parallel fluxes to heavy precipitation at the north end of the CV. C1 [Neiman, Paul J.; Ralph, F. Martin] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hughes, Mimi; Moore, Benjamin J.; Sukovich, Ellen M.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hughes, Mimi; Moore, Benjamin J.; Sukovich, Ellen M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Neiman, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Mail Code R PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM paul.j.neiman@noaa.gov RI Hughes, Mimi/C-3710-2009 OI Hughes, Mimi/0000-0002-4554-9289 NR 68 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 141 IS 12 BP 4211 EP 4233 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00112.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 256AY UT WOS:000327283300003 ER PT J AU Cordeira, JM Ralph, FM Moore, BJ AF Cordeira, Jason M. Ralph, F. Martin Moore, Benjamin J. TI The Development and Evolution of Two Atmospheric Rivers in Proximity to Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones in October 2010 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Extratropical cyclones; Jets; Synoptic-scale processes; Hurricanes; typhoons; Mesoscale processes; Water vapor ID PREDECESSOR RAIN EVENTS; HURRICANE KATRINA 2005; EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION; PART I; MOISTURE EXPORTS; SYNOPTIC-SCALE; WINTER STORM; LIFE-CYCLE; JUNE 1972; CALIFORNIA AB This study investigates the evolution of two zonally elongated atmospheric rivers (ARs) that produced >200 mm of rainfall over mountainous regions of Northern California in late October 2010. Synoptic-scale analysis and air parcel trajectory analysis indicate that the ARs developed within high-CAPE environments characterized by troposphere-deep ascent as water vapor was transported directly from western North Pacific tropical cyclones (TCs) toward the equatorward entrance region of an intensifying North Pacific jet stream (NPJ). The same ARs were subsequently maintained as water vapor was transported from extratropical and subtropical regions over the central and eastern North Pacific in an environment characterized by quasigeostrophic forcing for ascent and strong frontogenesis along the anticyclonic shear side of an intense and zonally extended NPJ. Although the ARs developed in conjunction with water vapor transported from regions near TCs and in the presence of troposphere-deep ascent, an atmospheric water vapor budget illustrates that decreases in integrated water vapor (IWV) via precipitation are largely offset by the horizontal aggregation of water vapor along the AR corridors via IWV flux convergence in the presence of frontogenesis. The frameworks used for investigations of predecessor rain events ahead of TCs and of interactions between recurving TCs and the NPJ are also utilized to illustrate many dynamically similar processes related to AR development and evolution. Similarities include the following: water vapor transport directly from a TC, troposphere-deep ascent in a high-CAPE environment beneath the equatorward entrance region of an intensifying upper-tropospheric jet streak, interactions between diabatic outflow and an upper-tropospheric jet streak, and strong frontogenesis. C1 [Cordeira, Jason M.] Plymouth State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci & Chem, Plymouth, NH 03264 USA. [Ralph, F. Martin] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Moore, Benjamin J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Cordeira, JM (reprint author), Plymouth State Univ, 17 High St,MSC 48, Plymouth, NH 03264 USA. EM j_cordeira@plymouth.edu FU National Research Council; Water Cycle Branch of NOAA/ESRL Physical Sciences Division; North Carolina State University FX This research was conducted while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award with the Water Cycle Branch of NOAA/ESRL Physical Sciences Division. Reviews by Paul Neiman (NOAA/ESRL Physical Sciences Division), George Kiladis (NOAA/ESRL Physical Sciences Division), Thomas Galarneau, Jr. (NCAR), and Heini Wernli (Institute for Atmosphere and Climate Science, ETH) greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. The authors thank Anantha Aiyyer (North Carolina State University) for developing software to calculate air parcel trajectories and EarthRisk Technologies (San Diego, California) for computational resources and financial support during manuscript preparation. NR 68 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 141 IS 12 BP 4234 EP 4255 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00019.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 256AY UT WOS:000327283300004 ER PT J AU Pegion, K Kumar, A AF Pegion, Kathy Kumar, Arun TI Does An ENSO-Conditional Skill Mask Improve Seasonal Predictions? SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Operational forecasting; Seasonal forecasting ID EL-NINO VARIATIONS; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; ATMOSPHERIC VARIABILITY; FORECAST SKILL; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; SST; PREDICTABILITY; RAINFALL AB The National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Prediction Center uses statistical tools together with the Climate Forecast System (CFS) to produce forecasts for seasonal outlooks of U.S. temperature and precipitation. They are combined using an optimal weighting procedure that depends on a skill mask consisting of the average historical forecast skill of each tool. However, it is likely that skill during El Nino-Southern Oscillation events is higher and the use of this information in developing forecasts could lead to improved seasonal predictions. This study explores the potential to improve the skill of seasonal predictions by developing an ENSO-conditional skill mask. The conditional masks are developed in a perfect-model framework using the CFS version 2 hindcasts and two indices of ENSO. The skill of the indices in forecasting variations in conditional skill is evaluated. The ENSO-conditional skill masks provide improvements in correlation skill over the unconditional mask when averaged over the globe. The masks are applied to tercile forecasts of seasonal temperature and precipitation during the spring and forecasts are verified in a perfect-model context. Application of the conditional masks to tercile forecasts results in modified Heidke skill scores of more than 10% less than using the average mask for temperature and little difference in skill for precipitation. This is attributed to the larger number of equal chances forecasts when using the conditional masks, particularly for temperature. For precipitation, the skill predicted by the average and conditional masks is frequently below 0.3, leading to low skill regardless of which mask is used. C1 [Pegion, Kathy] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Pegion, Kathy] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Phys Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Kumar, Arun] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Pegion, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway R-PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kathy.pegion@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 141 IS 12 BP 4515 EP 4533 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00317.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 256AY UT WOS:000327283300019 ER PT J AU Hitchens, NM Brooks, HE Schumacher, RS AF Hitchens, Nathan M. Brooks, Harold E. Schumacher, Russ S. TI Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Heavy Hourly Rainfall in the United States SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Extreme events; Precipitation; Rainfall; Climatology ID PRECIPITATION; QPE AB The climatology of heavy rain events from hourly precipitation observations by Brooks and Stensrud is revisited in this study using two high-resolution precipitation datasets that incorporate both gauge observations and radar estimates. Analyses show a seasonal cycle of heavy rain events originating along the Gulf Coast and expanding across the eastern two-thirds of the United States by the summer, comparing well to previous findings. The frequency of extreme events is estimated, and may provide improvements over prior results due to both the increased spatial resolution of these data and improved techniques used in the estimation. The diurnal cycle of heavy rainfall is also examined, showing distinct differences in the strength of the cycle between seasons. C1 [Hitchens, Nathan M.; Brooks, Harold E.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Schumacher, Russ S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Hitchens, NM (reprint author), Ball State Univ, Dept Geog, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. EM nmhitchens@bsu.edu RI Schumacher, Russ/A-9979-2009; OI Schumacher, Russ/0000-0002-4404-3104; Hitchens, Nathan/0000-0003-4659-111X FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1157425]; National Severe Storms Laboratory FX This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council research associateship award at the National Severe Storms Laboratory. The third author was supported by National Science Foundation Grant AGS-1157425. The authors thank the National Severe Storms Laboratory's Hydrometeorology Research Group for providing and assisting with Q2 data as well as Stephanie Stevenson of the University at Albany for assistance with the quality control for the ST4 data. The constructive comments and suggestions made by Ron McTaggart-Cowan helped improve the manuscript. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 141 IS 12 BP 4564 EP 4575 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00297.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 256AY UT WOS:000327283300022 ER PT J AU French, MM Bluestein, HB PopStefanija, I Baldi, CA Bluth, RT AF French, Michael M. Bluestein, Howard B. PopStefanija, Ivan Baldi, Chad A. Bluth, Robert T. TI Reexamining the Vertical Development of Tornadic Vortex Signatures in Supercells SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Convective storms; Tornadogenesis; Severe storms; Supercells; Tornadoes; Radars; Radar observations ID 5 JUNE 2009; DOPPLER RADAR DATA; DUAL-DOPPLER; GOSHEN COUNTY; PART II; PRETORNADIC PHASE; CITY TORNADO; STORM; MESOCYCLONES; MAINTENANCE AB Observations from a hybrid phased-array Doppler radar, the Mobile Weather Radar, 2005 X-band, Phased Array (MWR-05XP), were used to investigate the vertical development of tornadic vortex signatures (TVSs) during supercell tornadogenesis. Data with volumetric update times of approximate to 10 s, an order of magnitude better than that of most other mobile Doppler radars, were obtained up to storm midlevels during the formation of three tornadoes. It is found that TVSs formed upward with time during tornadogenesis for two cases. In a third case, missing low-level data prevented a complete time-height analysis of TVS development; however, TVS formation occurred first near the ground and then at storm midlevels several minutes later. These results are consistent with the small number of volumetric mobile Doppler radar tornadogenesis cases from the past approximate to 10 years, but counter to studies prior to that, in which a descending TVS was observed in roughly half of tornado cases utilizing Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) data. A comparative example is used to examine the possible effects relatively long WSR-88D volumetric update times have on determining the mode of tornadogenesis. C1 [French, Michael M.; Bluestein, Howard B.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [PopStefanija, Ivan; Baldi, Chad A.] ProSensing Inc, Amherst, MA USA. [Bluth, Robert T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP French, MM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM michael.french@noaa.gov FU NSF [ATM-0637148, ATM-0934307] FX The authors thank Philip Chilson, Richard Doviak, and Alan Shapiro, who reviewed early drafts of this work within the first author's Ph.D. dissertation at the University of Oklahoma. Thanks also to Alex Schenkman, Matthew Kumjian, Lance Leslie, Lou Wicker, Jeff Snyder, and Curtis Alexander for useful discussions regarding the results of this research. The latter also provided significant computational assistance in the use of the DREADER software package. We are grateful to Jana Houser, Paul Buczynski, Randy George, and the VORTEX2 crews, particularly Josh Wurman, David Dowell, and Erik Rasmussen, for their assistance in data collection. Three anonymous reviewers helped to focus and clarify several major points in this manuscript. This study was supported by NSF Grants ATM-0637148 and ATM-0934307. NR 50 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 141 IS 12 BP 4576 EP 4601 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00315.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 256AY UT WOS:000327283300023 ER PT J AU Busch, DS Boughton, DA Cooney, T Lawson, P Lindley, ST McClure, M Ruckelshaus, MH Sands, NJ Spence, BC Wainwright, TC Williams, TH McElhany, P AF Busch, D. Shallin Boughton, David A. Cooney, Thomas Lawson, Peter Lindley, Steven T. McClure, Michelle Ruckelshaus, Mary H. Sands, Norma Jean Spence, Brian C. Wainwright, Thomas C. Williams, Thomas H. McElhany, Paul TI A Practical Comparison of Viability Models Used for Management of Endangered and Threatened Anadromous Pacific Salmonids SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID POPULATION VIABILITY; EXTINCTION PARAMETERS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; CHINOOK SALMON; UNCERTAINTY; HABITAT; CONSERVATION; PROTOCOLS; HARVEST; GROWTH AB This study considered whether different population viability analyses give similar estimates of extinction risk across management contexts. We compared the performance of population viability analyses developed by numerous scientific teams to estimate extinction risk of anadromous Pacific salmonids listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act and challenged each analysis with data from 34 populations. We found variation in estimated extinction risk among analytical techniques, which was driven by varying model assumptions and the inherent uncertainty of risk forecasts. This result indicates that the scientific teams developed techniques that perform differently. We recommend that managers minimize uncertainty in risk estimates by using multiple models tailored to the local ecology. Assessment of relative extinction risk was less sensitive to model assumptions than was assessment of absolute extinction risk. Thus, the former method is better for comparing population status and raises caution about conclusions regarding absolute extinction risk. C1 [Busch, D. Shallin; McElhany, Paul] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Boughton, David A.; Lindley, Steven T.; Spence, Brian C.; Williams, Thomas H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Cooney, Thomas] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Lawson, Peter; Wainwright, Thomas C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [McClure, Michelle; Ruckelshaus, Mary H.; Sands, Norma Jean] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. RP Busch, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM shallin.busch@noaa.gov RI Wainwright, Thomas/F-4550-2010; Lindley, Steven/G-3997-2014; McClure, Michelle/O-7853-2015 OI Wainwright, Thomas/0000-0001-5147-479X; Lindley, Steven/0000-0001-9556-0411; McClure, Michelle/0000-0003-4791-8719 FU National Research Council FX The population extinction risk estimates presented in this study are for academic use only and are not appropriate for use in management or regulation actions. We thank the following individuals for help with data, analyses, and preparation of this manuscript: P. Adams, K. Burnett, M. Chilcote, J. Davies, M. Ford, A. Guerry, L. Hayward, D. Holzer, M. Sheer, and three anonymous reviewers. D.S.B. was supported by a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1125 EP 1141 DI 10.1080/02755947.2013.824933 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274JL UT WOS:000328602500007 ER PT J AU Pothoven, SA Madenjian, CP AF Pothoven, Steven A. Madenjian, Charles P. TI Increased Piscivory by Lake Whitefish in Lake Huron SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID GOBY NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; ONTOGENIC NICHE SHIFTS; INVASIVE ROUND GOBY; COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; GREAT-LAKES; FOOD-WEB; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; LARGEMOUTH BASS; LIFE-HISTORY; YELLOW PERCH AB We evaluated the diet of Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis in Lake Huron during 2002-2011 to determine the importance of Round Goby Neogobius melanostomus and other fish as prey items. Lake Whitefish that had reached approximately 400mm in length incorporated fish into their diets. The overall percentage of adult Lake Whitefish in Lake Huron that had eaten fish increased from 10% in 2002-2006 to 20% in 2007-2011, with a corresponding decrease in the frequency of Lake Whitefish that ate Dreissena spp. from 52% to 33%. During 2002-2006, Round Goby (wet mass, 38%), sculpins (Cottidae) (34%), and Ninespine Stickleback Pungitius pungitius (18%) were the primary fish eaten, whereas Round Goby accounted for 92% of the fish eaten in 2007-2011. Overall, Round Goby were found in the fewest Lake Whitefish stomachs in the north region of Lake Huron (6%) and in the most in the central (23%) and south (19%) regions of the lake. In the central region, Round Goby were eaten during all seasons that were sampled (spring through fall). In the south region, Round Goby were eaten only in the winter and spring but not in the summer when Dreissena spp. and spiny water flea Bythotrephes longimanus dominated the diet. Based on the 2007-2011 diet composition, an individual Lake Whitefish would need to have increased their consumption relative to that in 1983-1994 by 6% in the north region, 12% in the central region, and 41% in the southern region in order to achieve the same growth that was observed before dreissenid mussels arrived. However, Lake Whitefish weight adjusted for length only increased by 2% between 2002-2006 and 2007-2011 in the central region, decreased by 4% in the northern region, and remained constant in the southern region. This suggests that a shift toward more frequent piscivory does not necessarily improve the condition of a generalist feeder like Lake Whitefish. C1 [Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Pothoven, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Lake Michigan Field Stn, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM steve.pothoven@noaa.gov OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX Lake Whitefish stomachs and project support were provided by J. He, M. Ebener, L. Mohr, A. Cottrill, S. Koproski, D. Fielder, and J. Bence. We also thank J. Elliot and A. Zantello for their detailed examination of Lake Whitefish stomach contents. Funding was provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. This article is contribution 1682 of the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory and 1795 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. Mention of specific products does not constitute endorsement by the authors' agencies. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 32 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1194 EP 1202 DI 10.1080/02755947.2013.839973 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274JL UT WOS:000328602500015 ER PT J AU Bespamyatnov, IO Rowan, WL Liao, KT Marchuk, O Ralchenko, Y Granetz, RS AF Bespamyatnov, I. O. Rowan, W. L. Liao, K. T. Marchuk, O. Ralchenko, Yu. Granetz, R. S. TI Benchmark of collisional-radiative models for ITER beams at the Alcator C-Mod tokamak SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID FUSION PLASMAS; EXCITED-STATE; CROSS-SECTION; SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION; RECOMBINATION; TEMPERATURE; DIAGNOSTICS; HYDROGEN; FIELD AB The beam-based plasma diagnostics on ITER require high accuracy and reliability which accordingly put challenging requirements on the collisional-radiative (CR) models used for description of the excited states of beam atoms. These states are known to play an essential role in implementation and interpretation of neutral beam-based diagnostics, such as the motional Stark effect (MSE), charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS), beam-emission spectroscopy (BES) and in the dynamics of beam penetration. The latest analyses demonstrate that the widely used assumption of statistical populations among the beam excited states is questionable for high beam energies and high magnetic fields. Here we report an empirical verification of the recently developed non-statistical nkm-resolved CR model (Marchuk et al 2010 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 43 011002) and the short extrapolation to the relevant parameter range for ITER. The experiment was performed on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak, which operates in a unique range of parameters well suited for testing CR models for ITER beams. Beam emission spectra are collected for a selected range of plasma parameters. The line ratios sigma(1)/sigma(0), pi(4)/pi(3) and Sigma sigma/Sigma pi are measured and compared to the n-resolved statistical population model and the new non-statistical nkm-resolved CR model. The measured ratios show clear deviations from the statistical model and a good agreement with the non-statistical results. The difference between the experimental values and nkm-resolved simulations for the most part is within 10% for all three line ratios. The largest deviation here is for the sigma(1)/sigma(0) ratio that reaches up to 14% for the lowest electron density of 0.6 x 10(20) m(-3). In contrast, the difference between experiment and the n-resolved (statistical) model is within 13-27% for the 50 keV/u Alcator C-Mod beam and expected to be up to 32% for 100 keV/u and up to 43% for 500 keV/u ITER beams. The discussed effect must be taken into account for the proposed CXRS/BES and MSE diagnostics for ITER. C1 [Bespamyatnov, I. O.; Rowan, W. L.; Liao, K. T.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Fus Studies, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Marchuk, O.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energieforsch Plasmaphys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Ralchenko, Yu.] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Granetz, R. S.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Bespamyatnov, IO (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Fus Studies, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 FU Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER54742, DE-FG02-96ER54373, DE-FC02-99ER54512] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the efforts of Robert Mumgaard, Steve Scott and Morris Chung and the rest of the Alcator C-Mod DNB and MSE teams in support of the instrumentation needed for this experiment. They would also like to acknowledge the assistance of the Alcator C-Mod experimental staff. This research was supported by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy under grants DE-FG02-04ER54742, DE-FG02-96ER54373, and DE-FC02-99ER54512. Certain commercial equipment and instruments are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 EI 1741-4326 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD DEC PY 2013 VL 53 IS 12 AR 123010 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/53/12/123010 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 263DO UT WOS:000327787000012 ER PT J AU Mitkus, RJ Powell, JL Zeisler, R Squibb, KS AF Mitkus, Robert J. Powell, Jan L. Zeisler, Rolf Squibb, Katherine S. TI Comparative physicochemical and biological characterization of NIST Interim Reference Material PM2.5 and SRM 1648 in human A549 and mouse RAW264.7 cells SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article DE PM2.5; TSP; Reference materials; A549; RAW264.7 ID LUNG EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; NF-KAPPA-B; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GENE-EXPRESSION; TIME-SERIES; AMBIENT AIR; IN-VITRO AB The epidemiological association between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and adverse health effects is well-known. Here we report the size distribution, metals content, endotoxin content, and biological activity of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Interim Reference Material (RM) PM2.5. Biological activity was measured in vitro by effects on cell viability and the release of four inflammatory immune mediators, from human A549 alveolar epithelial cells or murine RAW264.7 monocytes. A dose range covering three orders of magnitude (1-1000 mu g/mL) was tested, and biological activity was compared to an existing Standard Reference Material (SRM) for urban PM (NISI SRM 1648). Robust release of IL-8 and MCP-1 from A549 cells was observed in response to IRM PM2.5 exposures. Significant TNF-alpha, but not IL-6, secretion from RAW264.7 cells was observed in response to both IRM PM2.5 and SRM 1648 particle types. Cytokine or chemokine release at high doses often occurred in the presence of cytotoxicity, likely as a result of externalization of preformed mediator. Our results are consistent with a local cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory mechanism of response to exposure to inhaled ambient PM2.5 and reinforce the continued relevance of in vitro assays for mechanistic research in PM toxicology. Our study furthers the goal of developing reference samples of environmentally relevant particulate matter of various sizes that can be used for hypothesis testing by multiple investigators. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mitkus, Robert J.; Powell, Jan L.; Squibb, Katherine S.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Zeisler, Rolf] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mitkus, RJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, 11 South Paca St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM maryland2@comcast.net FU NIST/EPA IAG [9/5/2000] FX Part of this work was conducted within NIST/EPA IAG (9/5/2000) funded research on the development of a PM2.5 reference material. NR 65 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 65 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD DEC PY 2013 VL 27 IS 8 BP 2289 EP 2298 DI 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.09.024 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 276BM UT WOS:000328723100023 PM 24100107 ER PT J AU Winokur, J Conrad, P Sraj, I Knio, O Srinivasan, A Thacker, WC Marzouk, Y Iskandarani, M AF Winokur, Justin Conrad, Patrick Sraj, Ihab Knio, Omar Srinivasan, Ashwanth Thacker, W. Carlisle Marzouk, Youssef Iskandarani, Mohamed TI A priori testing of sparse adaptive polynomial chaos expansions using an ocean general circulation model database SO COMPUTATIONAL GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Uncertainty quantification; Polynomial chaos; Sparse Smolyak quadrature; Adaptive sampling; Ocean modeling ID RESPONSE-SURFACE METHOD; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; QUADRATURE; REDUCTION AB This work explores the implementation of an adaptive strategy to design sparse ensembles of oceanic simulations suitable for constructing polynomial chaos surrogates. We use a recently developed pseudo-spectral algorithm that is based on a direct application of the Smolyak sparse grid formula and that allows the use of arbitrary admissible sparse grids. The adaptive algorithm is tested using an existing simulation database of the oceanic response to Hurricane Ivan in the Gulf of Mexico. The a priori tests demonstrate that sparse and adaptive pseudo-spectral constructions lead to substantial savings over isotropic sparse sampling in the present setting. C1 [Winokur, Justin; Sraj, Ihab; Knio, Omar] Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Conrad, Patrick; Marzouk, Youssef] MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Srinivasan, Ashwanth; Iskandarani, Mohamed] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Thacker, W. Carlisle] Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Thacker, W. Carlisle] Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Iskandarani, M (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM miskandarani@rsmas.miami.edu RI Thacker, Carlisle/I-3813-2013; OI Thacker, Carlisle/0000-0002-9285-8826; Sraj, Ihab/0000-0002-6158-472X FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-101-0498]; US Department of Energy, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research [DE-SC0007020, DE-SC0008789, DE-SC0007099]; Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative [SA1207GOMRI005, SA12GOMRI008] FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research, award N00014-101-0498; by the US Department of Energy, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, award numbers DE-SC0007020, DE-SC0008789, and DE-SC0007099; and by the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative, contract numbers SA1207GOMRI005 (CARTHE) and SA12GOMRI008 (DEEP-C). NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-0597 EI 1573-1499 J9 COMPUTAT GEOSCI JI Comput. Geosci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 17 IS 6 BP 899 EP 911 DI 10.1007/s10596-013-9361-3 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 270LM UT WOS:000328319900003 ER PT J AU Anderson, EJ Schwab, DJ AF Anderson, Eric J. Schwab, David J. TI Predicting the oscillating bi-directional exchange flow in the Straits of Mackinac SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Straits of Mackinac; Helmholtz mode; Bi-lake oscillation; Lake Michigan; Lake Huron; Exchange flow ID GREAT-LAKES; THERMAL STRUCTURE; GEORGIAN BAY; MICHIGAN; CIRCULATION; HURON; MODEL; TRANSPORT; VOLUME AB The Straits of Mackinac are a unique feature that connects Lake Michigan and Lake Huron into a single hydraulically linked system. With currents of up to 1 m/s and oscillating volumetric transport up to 80,000 m(3)/s, they play an important role in water quality, contaminant transport, navigation, and ecological processes. We present the first three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the combined Lake Michigan-Huron, including the Straits of Mackinac at high-resolution, that is able to simulate the three dimensional structure of the oscillating flows at the Straits. In comparison with individual lake models for Michigan and Huron (no connection at the Straits), we are able to isolate the effects of the bi-lake oscillation and have found that although the oscillation (Helmholtz mode) is the dominant forcing mechanism, the flow can be modulated when atmospheric systems are in-phase with water level fluctuations. Furthermore, the area of influence of the Straits is found to extend up to 70 km into each lake, underscoring the need for realistic predictions within the Straits. For the first time, this combined-lake hydrodynamic model provides the capability to investigate and accurately predict flow at the Straits of Mackinac and its effect on Lake Michigan and Huron. This model forms the basis for the next generation of real-time hydrodynamic models being developed for the Great Lakes Coastal Forecasting System, a suite of models designed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (NOAA/GLERL) that predict hydrodynamic conditions such as currents, temperatures, and water levels in three dimensions. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Anderson, Eric J.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Schwab, David J.] Univ Michigan, Water Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Anderson, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM eric.j.anderson@noaa.gov OI Anderson, Eric/0000-0001-5342-8383 NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 39 IS 4 BP 663 EP 671 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.09.001 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 270JI UT WOS:000328314300017 ER PT J AU Marko, KM Rutherford, ES Eadie, BJ Johengen, TH Lansing, MB AF Marko, Katharine M. Rutherford, Edward S. Eadie, Brian J. Johengen, Thomas H. Lansing, Margaret B. TI Delivery of nutrients and seston from the Muskegon River Watershed to near shore Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Stable isotopes; Muskegon River; Lake Michigan; Seston; Near shore; Nutrients ID ALEWIFE ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; GREAT-LAKES; STABLE-ISOTOPES; RECRUITMENT SUCCESS; PARTICULATE MATTER; ORGANIC-MATTER; SEDIMENT TRAPS; FOOD WEBS; NITROGEN; CARBON AB Drowned river mouth lakes are major features of coastal Great Lakes habitats and may influence nutrient and organic matter contributions from watersheds to near shore coastal zones. In May through October 2003, we measured loads of nutrients, surficial sediment, and seston to track the delivery of riverine-derived materials from the lower Muskegon River Watershed (MRW) into the near shore area of southeast Lake Michigan. Nutrient flux data indicated that seasonal loads of 1800 metric tons (MT) of particulate organic carbon, 3400 MT of dissolved organic carbon, and 24 MT of total phosphorus were discharged from the lower Muskegon River, with approximately 33% of TP load and 53% of the POC load intercepted within the drowned river mouth terminus, Muskegon Lake. Carbon: phosphorus molar ratios of seston in Muskegon River (C:P = 187) and Muskegon Lake (C:P = 176) were lower than in Lake Michigan (C:P = 334), indicating phosphorus limitation of phytoplankton in near shore Lake Michigan. Isotopic signatures of seston collected in Muskegon Lake were depleted in delta C-13 (-30.8 +/- 1.6 parts per thousand) relative to the isotope signatures of seston from Lake Michigan (-26.2 +/- 13 parts per thousand) or the mouth of the Muskegon River (-28.1 +/- 0.5 parts per thousand), likely due to the presence of biogenic methane in Muskegon Lake. Seston delta N-15 increased on a strong east-to-west gradient within Muskegon Lake, indicating significant microbial processing of nutrients. The extent of nutrient uptake in Muskegon Lake altered the chemical and isotopic characterization of seston flowing into Lake Michigan from Muskegon River. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Marko, Katharine M.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rutherford, Edward S.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Fisheries Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rutherford, Edward S.; Eadie, Brian J.; Lansing, Margaret B.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Johengen, Thomas H.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Marko, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM marko.katharine@epa.gov; ed.rutherford@noaa.gov; brian.eadie@noaa.gov; johengen@umich.edu; Margaret.lansing@noaa.gov OI Rutherford, Edward/0000-0002-7282-6667 FU University of Michigan's (UM) Office of Vice President of Research; Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research; UM School of Natural Resources and Environment; Great Lakes Fisheries Trust FX We acknowledge support from the University of Michigan's (UM) Office of Vice President of Research, the Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, the UM School of Natural Resources and Environment; and the Great Lakes Fisheries Trust. The field assistance for this project was provided by Lori Ivan, Tomas Hook, David Swank, Jessica Blake, Becky Loftus, Joel Van Noord, and Rob McTear. Help in creating the site map was provided by Lacey Mason (University of Michigan), and the contour plots were created by Pat Clinton (US EPA). This is contribution number 2013-1676 from NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 39 IS 4 BP 672 EP 681 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.08.002 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 270JI UT WOS:000328314300018 ER PT J AU Walmsley, SJ Rudnick, PA Liang, YX Dong, Q Stein, SE Nesvizhskii, AI AF Walmsley, Scott J. Rudnick, Paul A. Liang, Yuxue Dong, Qian Stein, Stephen E. Nesvizhskii, Alexey I. TI Comprehensive Analysis of Protein Digestion Using Six Trypsins Reveals the Origin of Trypsin As a Significant Source of Variability in Proteomics SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE proteomics; mass spectrometry; trypsin; digestion; endoprotease specificity; peptide abundance; variability; missed cleavages; label-free quantification; statistical analysis ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LC-MS; QUANTITATIVE PROTEOMICS; EFFICIENCY; PEPTIDES; REPRODUCIBILITY; BENCHMARKING; SPECIFICITY; PROTEOLYSIS; PROTOCOLS AB Trypsin is an endoprotease commonly used for sample preparation in proteomics experiments. Importantly, protein digestion is dependent on multiple factors, including the trypsin origin and digestion conditions. In-depth characterization of trypsin activity could lead to improved reliability of peptide detection and quantitation in both targeted and discovery proteomics studies. To this end, we assembled a data analysis pipeline and suite of visualization tools for quality control and comprehensive characterization of preanalytical variability in proteomics experiments. Using these tools, we evaluated six available proteomics-grade trypsins and their digestion of a single purified protein, human serum albumin (HSA). HSA was aliquoted and then digested for 2 or 18 h for each trypsin, and the resulting digests were desalted and analyzed in triplicate by reversed-phase liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Peptides were identified and quantified using the NIST MSQC pipeline and a comprehensive HSA mass spectral library. We performed a statistical analysis of peptide abundances from different digests and further visualized the data using the principal component analysis and quantitative protein "sequence maps". While the performance of individual trypsins across repeat digests was reproducible, significant differences were observed depending on the origin of the trypsin (i.e., bovine vs porcine). Bovine trypsins produced a higher number of peptides containing missed cleavages, whereas porcine trypsins produced more semitryptic peptides. In addition, many cleavage sites showed variable digestion kinetics patterns, evident from the comparison of peptide abundances in 2 h vs 18 h digests. Overall, this work illustrates effects of an often neglected source of variability in proteomics experiments: the origin of the trypsin. C1 [Walmsley, Scott J.; Nesvizhskii, Alexey I.] Univ Michigan, Dept Pathol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rudnick, Paul A.; Liang, Yuxue; Dong, Qian; Stein, Stephen E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nesvizhskii, Alexey I.] Univ Michigan, Dept Computat Med & Bioinformat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Stein, SE (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8362, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steve.stein@nist.gov; nesvi@umich.edu RI Nesvizhskii, Alexey/A-5410-2012 OI Nesvizhskii, Alexey/0000-0002-2806-7819 FU NIH [R01-GM-094231]; National Institute of Standards and Technology; NIST [ACO13004]; NIH/NCI [ACO13004]; Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium FX This work has been partially funded with NIH grant R01-GM-094231, the National Institute of Standards and Technology under project "Understanding measuring variability in mass spectrometry based proteomics", and by an Interagency Agreement ACO13004 between NIST and NIH/NCI, and the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium. NR 43 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 EI 1535-3907 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 12 IS 12 BP 5666 EP 5680 DI 10.1021/pr400611h PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 269HD UT WOS:000328231300028 PM 24116745 ER PT J AU Seo, D Lakhankar, T Mejia, J Cosgrove, B Khanbilvardi, R AF Seo, Dugwon Lakhankar, Tarendra Mejia, Juan Cosgrove, Brian Khanbilvardi, Reza TI EVALUATION OF OPERATIONAL NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GRIDDED FLASH FLOOD GUIDANCE OVER THE ARKANSAS RED RIVER BASIN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE flash flood; gridded flash flood guidance; soil moisture; Arkansas-Red Basin River Forecast Center; precipitation ID UNITED-STATES AB National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service (NWS) flash flood warnings are issued by Weather Forecast Offices and are underpinned by information from the Flash Flood Guidance (FFG) system operated by the River Forecast Centers (RFCs). This study focuses on the quantitative evaluation and limitations of the FFG system using reported flash flood cases in 2010 and 2011. The flash flood reports were obtained from the NWS Storm Event database for the Arkansas-Red Basin RFC (ABRFC). The current FFG system at the ABRFC provides gridded flash flood guidance (GFFG) system using the NWS Hydrology Laboratory-Research Distributed Hydrologic Model to translate the upper zone soil moisture to estimates of Soil Conservation Service Curve Numbers. Comparisons of the GFFG and real-time Multisensor Precipitation Estimator-derived Quantitative Precipitation Estimate for the same duration and location were used to analyze the success of the system. Typically, the six-hour duration was characterized by higher probability of detection values than the three-hour duration, which highlights the difficulty of hydrologic process estimation for shorter time scales. The current system does not take into account physical characteristics such as land use, including irrigated agricultural farm and urban areas, hence, overly dry soil moisture estimates over these areas can lower the success rate of the GFFG product. C1 [Seo, Dugwon] CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Lakhankar, Tarendra; Khanbilvardi, Reza] NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Mejia, Juan] New York City Coll Technol, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Cosgrove, Brian] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Seo, D (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM dseo01@citymail.cuny.edu RI Lakhankar, Tarendra/F-9490-2011 OI Lakhankar, Tarendra/0000-0002-4759-2141 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA06OAR4810162, NA11SEC4810004] FX This study was supported and monitored by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under grants NA06OAR4810162 and NA11SEC4810004. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. The authors thank Anthony Anderson from National Weather Service, Arkansas-Red Basin River Forecast Center, and Mike Smith from NOAA-National Weather Service, Office of Hydrologic Development, for useful comments and suggestions in preparation of this manuscript. The authors also acknowledge Dr. Jonathan J. Gourley from The National Severe Storms Laboratory in The National Weather Center for providing the flash flood observation database and helpful advice. Comments and suggestions from two anonymous reviewers and member of the Editorial Board were extremely valuable in creating the final version of this manuscript. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1296 EP 1307 DI 10.1111/jawr.12087 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 260QA UT WOS:000327608200006 ER PT J AU Oey, LY Miyazawa, Y Aiki, H Masumoto, Y Ezer, T Waseda, T AF Oey, Lie-Yauw Miyazawa, Yasumasa Aiki, Hidenori Masumoto, Yukio Ezer, Tal Waseda, Takuji TI Editorial-the 4th International Workshop on Modeling the Ocean (IWMO 2012) SO OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID DYNAMICS; CIRCULATION; WAVES; SEA C1 [Oey, Lie-Yauw] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Hydrol & Ocean Sci, Jhongli, Taiwan. [Oey, Lie-Yauw] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Miyazawa, Yasumasa; Aiki, Hidenori; Masumoto, Yukio] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Masumoto, Yukio] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Ezer, Tal] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA USA. [Waseda, Takuji] Univ Tokyo, Dept Ocean Technol Policy & Environm, Chiba, Japan. RP Oey, LY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM lyo@princeton.edu RI Miyazawa, Yasumasa/J-3196-2014; MASUMOTO, YUKIO/G-5021-2014; OI Miyazawa, Yasumasa/0000-0002-0107-6272; Ezer, Tal/0000-0002-2018-6071 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1616-7341 EI 1616-7228 J9 OCEAN DYNAM JI Ocean Dyn. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 63 IS 11-12 BP 1345 EP 1347 DI 10.1007/s10236-013-0658-5 PG 3 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 264EL UT WOS:000327859700015 ER PT J AU Reum, JCP Marshall, KN AF Reum, Jonathan C. P. Marshall, Kristin N. TI Evaluating delta N-15-body size relationships across taxonomic levels using hierarchical models SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen stable isotopes; Mixed effects model; Multilevel models; Biomass spectra; Food web; Puget Sound ID FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; BODY-SIZE; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; BAYESIAN MEASURES; TROPHIC POSITION; PUGET-SOUND; VARIANCE; DETERMINANTS; PHYLOGENY AB Ecologists routinely set out to estimate the trophic position of individuals, populations, and species composing food webs, and nitrogen stable isotopes (delta N-15) are a widely used proxy for trophic position. Although delta N-15 values are often sampled at the level of individuals, estimates and confidence intervals are frequently sought for aggregations of individuals. If individual delta N-15 values are correlated as an artifact of sampling design (e.g., clustering of samples in space or time) or due to intrinsic groupings (e.g., life history stages, social groups, taxonomy), such estimates may be biased and exhibit overly optimistic confidence intervals. However, these issues can be accommodated using hierarchical modeling methods. Here, we demonstrate how hierarchical models offer an additional quantitative tool for investigating delta N-15 variability and we explicitly evaluate how delta N-15 varies with body size at successively higher levels of taxonomic aggregation in a diverse fish assemblage. The models take advantage of all available data, better account for uncertainty in parameters estimates, may improve inferences on coefficients corresponding to groups with small to moderate sample sizes, and partition variation across model levels, which provides convenient summaries of the 'importance' of each level in terms of unexplained heterogeneity in the data. These methods can easily be applied to diet-based studies of trophic position. Although hierarchical models are well-understood and established tools, their benefits have yet to be fully reaped by stable isotope and food web ecologists. We suggest that hierarchical models can provide a robust framework for conceptualizing and statistically modeling trophic position at multiple levels of aggregation. C1 [Reum, Jonathan C. P.; Marshall, Kristin N.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Reum, JCP (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Jonathan.Reum@noaa.gov FU National Research Council Research Associateship awards at the Northwest Fishery Science Center; University of Washington Research Royalties Fund grant FX J.C.P.R. and K.N.M. received funding from National Research Council Research Associateship awards at the Northwest Fishery Science Center. Stable isotope data analyzed in the present study were originally collected as part of a Masters thesis (J.C.P.R.). A University of Washington Research Royalties Fund grant awarded to T. Essington financed boat time and stable isotope analyses. T. Essington provided input and conversation that led to the development of this manuscript. M. Hunsicker, E. Howe, B. Ferriss, and two anonymous reviewers provided comments that greatly improved earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD DEC PY 2013 VL 173 IS 4 BP 1159 EP 1168 DI 10.1007/s00442-013-2715-7 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 268ZR UT WOS:000328210000001 PM 23812110 ER PT J AU de las Heras, H Minniti, R Wilson, S Mitchell, C Skopec, M Brunner, CC Chakrabarti, K AF de las Heras, Hugo Minniti, Ronaldo Wilson, Sean Mitchell, Chad Skopec, Marlene Brunner, Claudia C. Chakrabarti, Kish TI Experimental estimates of peak skin dose and its relationship to the CT dose index using the CTDI head phantom SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID PERFUSION COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; RADIOCHROMIC FILM; CORONARY-ANGIOGRAPHY; ENERGY-DEPENDENCE; DOSIMETRY; SIMULATIONS; SCANNER; PATIENT AB A straightforward method is presented to estimate peak skin doses (PSDs) delivered by computed tomography (CT) scanners. The measured PSD values are related to the well-known volume CT dose index (CTDIvol), displayed on the console of CT scanners. PSD measurement estimates were obtained, in four CT units, by placing radiochromic film on the surface of a CTDI head phantom. Six different X-ray tube currents including the maximum allowed value were used to irradiate the phantom. PSD and CTDIvol were independently measured and later related to the CTDIvol value displayed on the console. A scanner-specific relationship was found between the measured PSD and the associated CTDIvol displayed on the console. The measured PSD values varied between 27 and 136 mGy among all scanners when the routine head scan parameters were used. The results of this work allow relating the widely used CTDIvol to an actual radiation dose delivered to the skin of a patient. C1 [de las Heras, Hugo; Brunner, Claudia C.; Chakrabarti, Kish] US FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Minniti, Ronaldo] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wilson, Sean; Mitchell, Chad] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Skopec, Marlene] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP de las Heras, H (reprint author), US FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. EM hugo.heras@daad-alumni.de OI de las Heras, Hugo/0000-0003-3227-0032 FU Critical Path Project of FDA FX Kish Chakrabarti acknowledges funding from Critical Path Project of FDA, which enabled him to fund H.H. and C.B. for this work. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 EI 1742-3406 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 157 IS 4 BP 536 EP 542 DI 10.1093/rpd/nct171 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 271FI UT WOS:000328376600008 PM 23864642 ER PT J AU Varma, AH Hong, SD Choe, L AF Varma, Amit H. Hong, Sangdo Choe, Lisa TI Fundamental behavior of CFT beam-columns under fire loading SO STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE fire; columns; composite; experiments; temperature ID STEEL COLUMNS; RESISTANCE; DESIGN AB This paper presents experimental investigations of the fundamental behavior of concrete filled steel tube (CFT) beam-columns under fire loading. A total of thirteen specimens were tested to determine the axial force-moment-curvature-temperature behavior of CFT beam-columns. The experimental approach involved the use of: (a) innovative heating and control equipment to apply thermal loading and (b) digital image correlation with close-range photogrammetry to measure the deformations (e.g., curvature) of the heated region. Each specimen was sequentially subjected to: (i) constant axial loading; (ii) thermal loading in the expected plastic hinge region following the ASTM E119 temperature-time T-t curve; and (iii) monotonically increasing flexural loading. The effects of various parameters on the strength and stiffness of CFT beam-columns were evaluated. The parameters considered were the steel tube width, width-to-thickness ratio, concrete strength, maximum surface temperature of the steel tube, and the axial load level on the composite CFT section. The experimental results provide knowledge of the fundamental behavior of composite CFT beam-columns, and can be used to calibrate analytical models or macro finite element models developed for predicting behavior of CFT members and frames under fire loading. C1 [Varma, Amit H.] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hong, Sangdo] Indiana Dept Transportat, W Lafayette, IN USA. [Choe, Lisa] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Varma, AH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, 550 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ahvarma@purdue.edu; shong@indot.in.gov; lisa.choe@nist.gov OI Varma, Amit/0000-0001-7153-4681 FU National Science Foundation [CMS-0453913, 0601201]; U.S. Department of Commerce through the Extramural Fire Research Grant Program FX The research presented in this paper was funded by the National Science Foundation (Grant No. CMS-0453913 and 0601201), and the U.S. Department of Commerce through the Extramural Fire Research Grant Program administered by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Building and Fire Research Laboratory (NIST-BFRL). Experimental data, findings, and conclusions or recommendations are those of the authors only. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU TECHNO-PRESS PI DAEJEON PA PO BOX 33, YUSEONG, DAEJEON 305-600, SOUTH KOREA SN 1229-9367 EI 1598-6233 J9 STEEL COMPOS STRUCT JI Steel Compos. Struct. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 15 IS 6 BP 679 EP 703 DI 10.12989/scs.2013.15.6.679 PG 25 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 269ZC UT WOS:000328282800006 ER PT J AU Srivastava, PK Han, DW Rico-Ramirez, MA Al-Shrafany, D Islam, T AF Srivastava, Prashant K. Han, Dawei Rico-Ramirez, Miguel A. Al-Shrafany, Deleen Islam, Tanvir TI Data Fusion Techniques for Improving Soil Moisture Deficit Using SMOS Satellite and WRF-NOAH Land Surface Model SO WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE SMOS; Soil moisture deficit; WRF-NOAH LSM; Data fusion; ANN; Kalman filter; Linear weighted algorithm; Probability Distributed Model ID STATE-SPACE MODELS; FORECASTING-MODEL; WEATHER RESEARCH; PART I; HYDROLOGY; RUNOFF; RETRIEVAL; SCALES; FLOW; PDM AB Microwave remote sensing and mesoscale weather models have high potential to monitor global hydrological processes. The latest satellite soil moisture dedicated mission SMOS and WRF-NOAH Land Surface Model (WRF-NOAH LSM) provide a flow of coarse resolution soil moisture data, which may be useful data sources for hydrological applications. In this study, four data fusion techniques: Linear Weighted Algorithm (LWA), Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Kalman Filter (KF) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) are evaluated for Soil Moisture Deficit (SMD) estimation using the SMOS and WRF-NOAH LSM derived soil moisture. The first method (and most simplest) utilizes a series of simple combinations between SMOS and WRF-NOAH LSM soil moisture products, while the second uses a predictor equation generally formed by dependent variables (Probability Distributed Model based SMD) and independent predictors (SMOS and WRF-NOAH LSM). The third and fourth techniques are based on rigorous calibration and validation and need proper optimisation for the final outputs backboned by strong non-linear statistical analysis. The performances of all the techniques are validated against the probability distributed model based soil moisture deficit as benchmark; estimated using the ground based observed datasets. The observed high Nash Sutcliffe Efficiencies between the fused datasets with Probability Distribution Model clearly demonstrate an improved performance from the individual products. However, the overall analysis indicates a higher capability of ANN and KF for data fusion than the LWA or MLR approach. These techniques serve as one of the first demonstrations that there is hydrological relevant information in the coarse resolution SMOS satellite and WRF-NOAH LSM data, which could be used for hydrological applications. C1 [Srivastava, Prashant K.; Han, Dawei; Rico-Ramirez, Miguel A.; Al-Shrafany, Deleen; Islam, Tanvir] Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, WEMRC, Bristol, Avon, England. [Islam, Tanvir] NOAA, College Pk, MD USA. RP Srivastava, PK (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, WEMRC, Bristol, Avon, England. EM prashant.just@gmail.com RI Islam, Tanvir/F-6922-2011; Rico-Ramirez, Miguel/H-3248-2014; OI Rico-Ramirez, Miguel/0000-0002-8885-4582; Islam, Tanvir/0000-0003-2429-3074 FU Commonwealth Scholarship Commission; British Council, United Kingdom; Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India FX The authors would like to thank the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission, British Council, United Kingdom and Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India for providing the necessary support and funding for this research. The authors would like to acknowledge the British Atmospheric Data Centre and Environment Agency, United Kingdom for providing the ground datasets. The author also acknowledges the Advanced Computing Research Centre at University of Bristol for providing the access to the supercomputer facility (The Blue Crystal) and Linux R support. NR 50 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-4741 EI 1573-1650 J9 WATER RESOUR MANAG JI Water Resour. Manag. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 27 IS 15 BP 5069 EP 5087 DI 10.1007/s11269-013-0452-7 PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 270SF UT WOS:000328338300005 ER PT J AU Peng, G Zhang, HM Frank, HP Bidlot, JR Higaki, M Stevens, S Hankins, WR AF Peng, Ge Zhang, Huai-Min Frank, Helmut P. Bidlot, Jean-Raymond Higaki, Masakazu Stevens, Scott Hankins, William R. TI Evaluation of Various Surface Wind Products with OceanSITES Buoy Measurements SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Wind; In situ atmospheric observations; Satellite observations; Forecast verification; skill; Model evaluation; performance ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; VECTOR WINDS; PART I; SCATTEROMETER; FLUXES; RAIN; ALGORITHM; ACCURACY; QUIKSCAT; MODELS AB To facilitate evaluation and monitoring of numerical weather prediction model forecasts and satellite-based products against high-quality in situ observations, a data repository for collocated model forecasts, a satellite product, and in situ observations has been created under the support of various World Climate Research Program (WCRP) working groups. Daily measurements from 11 OceanSITES buoys are used as the reference dataset to evaluate five ocean surface wind products (three short-range forecasts, one reanalysis, and one satellite based) over a 1-yr intensive analysis period, using the WCRP community weather prediction model evaluation metrics. All five wind products correlate well with the buoy winds with correlations above 0.76 for all 11 buoy stations except the meridional wind at four stations, where the satellite and model performances are weakest in estimating the meridional wind (or wind direction). The reanalysis has higher cross-correlation coefficients (above 0.83) and smaller root-mean-square (RMS) errors than others. The satellite wind shows larger variability than that observed by buoys; contrarily, the models underestimate the variability. For the zonal and meridional winds, although the magnitude of biases averaged over all the stations are mostly <0.12 m s(-1) for each product, the magnitude of biases at individual stations can be >1.2 m s(-1), confirming the need for regional/site analysis when characterizing any wind product. On wind direction, systematic negative (positive) biases are found in the central (east central) Pacific Ocean. Wind speed and direction errors could induce erroneous ocean currents and states from ocean models driven by these products. The deficiencies revealed here are useful for product and model improvement. C1 [Peng, Ge; Stevens, Scott] N Carolina State Univ, CICS NC, Asheville, NC USA. [Peng, Ge; Zhang, Huai-Min; Stevens, Scott; Hankins, William R.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Frank, Helmut P.] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany. [Bidlot, Jean-Raymond] ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England. [Higaki, Masakazu] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. [Hankins, William R.] ERT Inc, Asheville, NC USA. RP Peng, G (reprint author), NOAA, NCDC, RSAD, CICS NC, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM ge.peng@noaa.gov RI Peng, Ge /D-8003-2014 OI Peng, Ge /0000-0002-1986-9115 FU NCDC [NA09NES4400006] FX The analysis was carried out at NOAA's NCDC, supported in part by the NCDC Climate Data Record Program through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement NA09NES4400006. We thank ECMWF, DWD, and JMA for providing their model datasets and the NCDC NOMADS team for the NCEP/CFSR data. We thank Chris Fairall for providing us with the COARE 3.0 package and help in implementing the package and Diane Stokes for the information on the use of buoy data in the NCEP/CFSR winds. The blended winds can be obtained online (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/rsad/air-sea/seawinds. html). The OceanSITES and the NWP model datasets can be downloaded online (ftp://eclipse.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/surfa/).We thank Dr. Meghan Cronin for identifying the metadata error at the KEO (32N145E) station and for providing us with the correct station metadata. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1281 EP 1303 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00086.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 273FI UT WOS:000328520200001 ER PT J AU Zhao, QY Zhang, FQ Holt, T Bishop, CH Xu, Q AF Zhao, Qingyun Zhang, Fuqing Holt, Teddy Bishop, Craig H. Xu, Qin TI Development of a Mesoscale Ensemble Data Assimilation System at the Naval Research Laboratory SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Data assimilation ID SCALE DATA ASSIMILATION; ANALYSIS PERTURBATION SCHEME; DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; KALMAN FILTER; MODEL EXPERIMENTS; PART II; PREDICTION; TESTS; TRANSFORM AB An ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) has been adopted and implemented at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) for mesoscale and storm-scale data assimilation to study the impact of ensemble assimilation of high-resolution observations, including those from Doppler radars, on storm prediction. The system has been improved during its implementation at NRL to further enhance its capability of assimilating various types of meteorological data. A parallel algorithm was also developed to increase the system's computational efficiency on multiprocessor computers. The EnKF has been integrated into the NRL mesoscale data assimilation system and extensively tested to ensure that the system works appropriately with new observational data stream and forecast systems. An innovative procedure was developed to evaluate the impact of assimilated observations on ensemble analyses with no need to exclude any observations for independent validation (as required by the conventional evaluation based on data-denying experiments). The procedure was employed in this study to examine the impacts of ensemble size and localization on data assimilation and the results reveal a very interesting relationship between the ensemble size and the localization length scale. All the tests conducted in this study demonstrate the capabilities of the EnKF as a research tool for mesoscale and storm-scale data assimilation with potential operational applications. C1 [Zhao, Qingyun; Holt, Teddy; Bishop, Craig H.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Zhang, Fuqing] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Xu, Qin] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Zhao, QY (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Mail Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM allen.zhao@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Zhang, Fuqing/E-6522-2010 OI Zhang, Fuqing/0000-0003-4860-9985 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [PE 0602435N, N000140910526] FX The authors thank the On-Demand Section led by Mr. John Cook, the Mesoscale Modeling Section led by Dr. Jim Doyle, and the Data Assimilation Section led by Dr. Nancy Baker of the Marine Meteorology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, for their strong support and help during this study. Special thanks go to Dr. Keith Sashegyi of the Data Assimilation Section for his generous help in providing the data processing and quality control algorithms as well as observational forward operators from NRL NAVDAS. This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under PE 0602435N, N000140910526, and other ONR-sponsored collaboration project. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1322 EP 1336 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00015.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 273FI UT WOS:000328520200003 ER PT J AU Wick, GA Neiman, PJ Ralph, FM Hamill, TM AF Wick, Gary A. Neiman, Paul J. Ralph, F. Martin Hamill, Thomas M. TI Evaluation of Forecasts of the Water Vapor Signature of Atmospheric Rivers in Operational Numerical Weather Prediction Models SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Winter; cool season; Water vapor; Pattern detection; Forecast verification; skill; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting; Model evaluation; performance ID SENSOR MICROWAVE IMAGER; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WEST-COAST; ENSEMBLE; SATELLITE; SYSTEM; OCEAN; IDENTIFICATION; CALIFORNIA; ALGORITHM AB The ability of five operational ensemble forecast systems to accurately represent and predict atmospheric rivers (ARs) is evaluated as a function of lead time out to 10 days over the northeastern Pacific Ocean and west coast of North America. The study employs the recently developed Atmospheric River Detection Tool to compare the distinctive signature of ARs in integrated water vapor (IWV) fields from model forecasts and corresponding satellite-derived observations. The model forecast characteristics evaluated include the prediction of occurrence of ARs, the width of the IWV signature of ARs, their core strength as represented by the IWV content along the AR axis, and the occurrence and location of AR landfall. Analysis of three cool seasons shows that while the overall occurrence of ARs is well forecast out to a 10-day lead, forecasts of landfall occurrence are poorer, and skill degrades with increasing lead time. Average errors in the position of landfall are significant, increasing to over 800 km at 10-day lead time. Also, there is a 1 degrees-2 degrees southward position bias at 7-day lead time. The forecast IWV content along the AR axis possesses a slight moist bias averaged over the entire AR but little bias near landfall. The IWV biases are nearly independent of forecast lead time. Model spatial resolution is a factor in forecast skill and model differences are greatest for forecasts of AR width. This width error is greatest for coarser-resolution models that have positive width biases that increase with forecast lead time. C1 [Wick, Gary A.; Neiman, Paul J.; Ralph, F. Martin; Hamill, Thomas M.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wick, GA (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM gary.a.wick@noaa.gov FU NOAA under the THORPEX program; California Energy Commission through the CalWater Project FX This work was supported through funding from NOAA under the THORPEX program and from the California Energy Commission through the CalWater Project. Helpful comments from Dave Reynolds and Ola Persson on the preliminary manuscript and very insightful suggestions from anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1337 EP 1352 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00025.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 273FI UT WOS:000328520200004 ER PT J AU Majumdar, SJ Brennan, MJ Howard, K AF Majumdar, Sharanya J. Brennan, Michael J. Howard, Kate TI The Impact of Dropwindsonde and Supplemental Rawinsonde Observations on Track Forecasts for Hurricane Irene (2011) SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE North America; Tropical cyclones; Dropsondes; Radiosonde observations; Data assimilation; Model evaluation; performance ID SYNOPTIC SURVEILLANCE; SYSTEM AB Because of the threat that Hurricane Irene (2011) posed to the United States, supplemental observations were collected for assimilation into operational numerical models in the hope of improving forecasts of the storm. Synoptic surveillance aircraft equipped with dropwindsondes were deployed twice daily over a 5-day period, and supplemental rawinsondes were launched from all upper-air sites in the continental United States east of the Rocky Mountains at 0600 and 1800 UTC, marking an unprecedented magnitude of coverage of special rawinsondes at the time. The impact of assimilating the supplemental observations on National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS) model track forecasts of Irene was evaluated over the period that these observations were collected. The GFS track forecasts possessed small errors even in the absence of the supplemental observations, providing little room for improvement on average. The assimilation of the combined dropwindsonde and supplemental rawinsonde data provided small but statistically significant improvements in the 42-60-h range for GFS forecasts initialized at 0600 and 1800 UTC. The primary improvement from the dropwindsonde data was also within this time range, with an average improvement of 20% for 48-h forecasts. The rawinsonde data mostly improved the forecasts beyond 3 days by modest amounts. Both sets of observations provided small, additive improvements to the average cross-track errors. Investigations of individual forecasts identified corrections to the model analyses of the Atlantic subtropical ridge and an upstream midlatitude short-wave trough over the contiguous United States due to the assimilation of the extra data. C1 [Majumdar, Sharanya J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Brennan, Michael J.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Howard, Kate] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Majumdar, SJ (reprint author), Univ Miami, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, RSMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM smajumdar@rsmas.miami.edu FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0848753]; NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project FX The first author gratefully acknowledges financial support from the National Science Foundation (Grant ATM-0848753) and the NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project. The authors thank Bill Lapenta of the NCEP/Environmental Modeling Center (EMC) for his support of this study and allocation of computational resources. Thanks are also extended to Chris Landsea and Richard Pasch of NHC and Vijay Tallapragada of EMC for reviewing a previous version of this manuscript. We are also grateful to Vijay Tallapragada for providing Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) model forecasts nested within the parallel cycles for comparison. John Cangialosi of NHC kindly provided the statistics of along- and cross-track errors and biases. Finally, the authors acknowledge the tireless contributions of all personnel involved in the time-consuming process of planning and deploying supplemental observations ahead of Irene and other tropical cyclones. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1385 EP 1403 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00018.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 273FI UT WOS:000328520200007 ER PT J AU Halperin, DJ Fuelberg, HE Hart, RE Cossuth, JH Sura, P Pasch, RJ AF Halperin, Daniel J. Fuelberg, Henry E. Hart, Robert E. Cossuth, Joshua H. Sura, Philip Pasch, Richard J. TI An Evaluation of Tropical Cyclone Genesis Forecasts from Global Numerical Models SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclones; Forecast verification; skill; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting; Operational forecasting; Probability forecasts; models; distribution ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; ATMOSPHERIC PREDICTION SYSTEM; MULTISCALE GEM MODEL; VORTEX ROSSBY WAVES; INTRASEASONAL TIMESCALES; FIELD EXPERIMENT; CYCLOGENESIS; INTENSITY; ENSEMBLE; TRACK AB Tropical cyclone (TC) forecasts rely heavily on output from global numerical models. While considerable research has investigated the skill of various models with respect to track and intensity, few studies have considered how well global models forecast TC genesis in the North Atlantic basin. This paper analyzes TC genesis forecasts from five global models [Environment Canada's Global Environment Multiscale Model (CMC), the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) global model, the Global Forecast System (GFS), the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS), and the Met Office global model (UKMET)] over several seasons in the North Atlantic basin. Identifying TCs in the model is based on a combination of methods used previously in the literature and newly defined objective criteria. All model-indicated TCs are classified as a hit, false alarm, early genesis, or late genesis event. Missed events also are considered. Results show that the models' ability to predict TC genesis varies in time and space. Conditional probabilities when a model predicts genesis and more traditional performance metrics (e.g., critical success index) are calculated. The models are ranked among each other, and results show that the best-performing model varies from year to year. A spatial analysis of each model identifies preferred regions for genesis, and a temporal analysis indicates that model performance expectedly decreases as forecast hour (lead time) increases. Consensus forecasts show that the probability of genesis noticeably increases when multiple models predict the same genesis event. Overall, this study provides a climatology of objectively identified TC genesis forecasts in global models. The resulting verification statistics can be used operationally to help refine deterministic and probabilistic TC genesis forecasts and potentially improve the models examined. C1 [Halperin, Daniel J.; Fuelberg, Henry E.; Hart, Robert E.; Cossuth, Joshua H.; Sura, Philip] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Pasch, Richard J.] Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA. RP Halperin, DJ (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM dhalperin@fsu.edu FU NOAA/COMET Partner's Project [Z12-93225]; NASA GRIP Grant [NNX09AC43G]; Florida State University fellowship FX The authors thank Ryan Truchelut, who provided some of the initial ideas for this research. We are also indebted to Julian Heming of the Met Office for providing some of the model output and upgrade information that was necessary to carry out this research. ECMWF output was obtained from the TIGGE archive (ECMWF portal). We thank the anonymous reviewers, as well as Chris Landsea and Dave Zelinsky, who conducted the NHC internal review. Thanks to Ron McTaggart-Cowan and Dave Ryglicki for providing references for model upgrades. The authors also benefited from discussions with Pat Harr at NPS and Mike Fiorino at ESRL regarding this research topic and from the suggestion by Sim Aberson at HRD to display some of our results using the performance diagrams. Finally, this research was supported by NOAA/COMET Partner's Project Z12-93225, NASA GRIP Grant NNX09AC43G, and a Florida State University fellowship. NR 54 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1423 EP 1445 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00008.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 273FI UT WOS:000328520200009 ER PT J AU Fetanat, G Homaifar, A Knapp, KR AF Fetanat, Gholamreza Homaifar, Abdollah Knapp, Kenneth R. TI Objective Tropical Cyclone Intensity Estimation Using Analogs of Spatial Features in Satellite Data SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclones; Algorithms; Data mining; Data processing; Remote sensing; Satellite observations ID INFRARED IMAGE DATA; DVORAK TECHNIQUE; SCHEME AB An objective method for estimating tropical cyclone (TC) intensity using historical hurricane satellite data (HURSAT) is developed and tested. This new method, referred to as feature analogs in satellite imagery (FASI), requires a TC's center location to extract azimuthal brightness temperature (BT) profiles from current imagery as well as BT profiles from imagery 6, 12, and 24 h prior. Instead of using regression techniques, the estimated TC intensity is determined from the 10 closest analogs to this TC based on the BT profiles using a k-nearest-neighbor algorithm. The FASI technique was trained and validated using intensity data from aircraft reconnaissance in the North Atlantic Ocean, where the data were restricted to include storms that are over water and south of 45 degrees N. This subset comprised 2016 observations from 165 storms during 1988-2006. Several tests were implemented to statistically justify the FASI algorithm using n-fold cross validation. The resulting average mean absolute intensity error was 10.9 kt (50% of estimates are within 10 kt, 1 kt = 0.51 m s(-1)) or 8.4 mb (50% of estimates are within 8 mb); its accuracy is on par with other objective techniques. This approach has the potential to provide global TC intensity estimates that could augment intensity estimates made by other objective techniques. C1 [Fetanat, Gholamreza; Homaifar, Abdollah] North Carolina A&T State Univ, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Knapp, Kenneth R.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Homaifar, A (reprint author), North Carolina A&T State Univ, 1601 East Market St, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. EM homaifar@ncat.edu RI Knapp, Kenneth/E-9817-2011 FU Expeditions in Computing Program of the National Science Foundation [CCF-1029731] FX This work was supported by the Expeditions in Computing Program of the National Science Foundation under Award CCF-1029731. Special thanks are given to two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments, as well as Jim Kossin and Carl Schreck who provided valuable insight during the development of this work. The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors. They do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of NSF, NOAA, Department of Commerce, or the U.S. government. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1446 EP 1459 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00006.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 273FI UT WOS:000328520200010 ER PT J AU Boustead, JM Mayes, BE Gargan, W Leighton, JL Phillips, G Schumacher, PN AF Boustead, Joshua M. Mayes, Barbara E. Gargan, William Leighton, Jared L. Phillips, George Schumacher, Philip N. TI Discriminating Environmental Conditions for Significant Warm Sector and Boundary Tornadoes in Parts of the Great Plains SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Forecasting; Forecasting techniques; Operational forecasting ID RAPID UPDATE CYCLE; LEVEL JET STREAKS; UNITED-STATES; NONTORNADIC SUPERCELLS; CLIMATOLOGY; EVOLUTION; OUTBREAK; WIND; THUNDERSTORMS; CONVECTION AB Using system-relative composites, based on a dataset of significant tornadoes and null supercell events, environmental conditions associated with occurrences of significant tornadoes near discernible surface boundaries were compared to nontornadic boundary supercells, and warm sector significant tornadoes to nontornadic warm sector supercells, for a portion of the Great Plains. Results indicated that significant boundary tornadoes were associated with the exit region of a 300-hPa jet maximum, while null boundary events were in closer proximity to the 300-hPa jet entrance region. The differences at 300 hPa led to significant differences at the surface, as the null composite indicated deformation and confluence into the surface boundary and enhanced frontogenesis, while this was not present in the boundary significant tornado composite. Significant synoptic differences also were noted between the warm sector tornadoes and the warm sector null events. The warm sector significant tornadoes were associated with a much stronger, negatively tilted synoptic storm system, with the composite tornado in the 300-hPa jet exit region and downstream of increasing values of absolute vorticity. Additional thermodynamic and kinematic parameters pertaining to low-level moisture and environmental winds appeared to be important in distinguishing boundary and warm sector significant tornadoes from nontornadic supercell events. Statistical comparisons between boundary and warm sector significant tornado events showed significant differences in the climatology of their length, width, and date and time of occurrence. C1 [Boustead, Joshua M.; Mayes, Barbara E.] NOAA, NWS WFO Omaha Valley, Valley, NE USA. [Gargan, William; Leighton, Jared L.; Phillips, George] NOAA, NWS WFO Topeka, Topeka, KS USA. [Schumacher, Philip N.] NOAA, NWS WFO Sioux Falls, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Boustead, JM (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 6707 N 288th St, Valley, NE 68064 USA. EM josh.boustead@noaa.gov NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1498 EP 1523 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00102.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 273FI UT WOS:000328520200013 ER PT J AU Qian, CH Zhang, FQ Green, BW Zhang, J Zhou, XQ AF Qian, Chuanhai Zhang, Fuqing Green, Benjamin W. Zhang, Jin Zhou, Xiaqiong TI Probabilistic Evaluation of the Dynamics and Prediction of Supertyphoon Megi (2010) SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Hurricanes; typhoons; Ensembles; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting ID ENSEMBLE-SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; TROPICAL CYCLONE MOTION; TRACK FORECASTS; KALMAN FILTER; PREDICTABILITY; HURRICANE; FLOW; ASSIMILATION; SYSTEM; VORTEX AB Supertyphoon Megi was the most intense tropical cyclone (TC) of 2010. Megi tracked westward through the western North Pacific and crossed the Philippines on 18 October. Two days later, Megi made a sharp turn to the north, an unusual track change that was not forecast by any of the leading operational centers. This failed forecast was a consequence of exceptionally large uncertainty in the numerical guidanceincluding the operational ensemble of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)at various lead times before the northward turn. This study uses The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Interactive Grand Global Ensemble dataset to examine the uncertainties in the track forecast of the ECMWF operational ensemble. The results show that Megi's sharp turn is sensitive to its own movement in the early period, the size and structure of the storm, the strength and extent of the western Pacific subtropical high, and an approaching eastward-moving midlatitude trough. In particular, a larger TC (in addition to having a stronger beta effect) may lead to a stronger erosion of the southwestern extent of the subtropical high, which will subsequently lead to an earlier and sharper northward turn. C1 [Qian, Chuanhai] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Qian, Chuanhai; Zhang, Jin] Natl Meteorol Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Qian, Chuanhai; Zhang, Fuqing; Green, Benjamin W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Zhou, Xiaqiong] NOAA, NCEP, College Pk, MD USA. RP Zhang, FQ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM fzhang@psu.edu RI Zhang, Fuqing/E-6522-2010; Green, Benjamin/H-2332-2015 OI Zhang, Fuqing/0000-0003-4860-9985; Green, Benjamin/0000-0002-9483-094X FU U.S. Office of Naval Research [N000140910526]; NOAA through the Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program (HFIP); NSF [ATM-0840651]; Typhoon Research Project of the National Basic Research Program of China [2009CB421503] FX The research was mostly conducted during the first author's sabbatical visit at The Pennsylvania State University. We acknowledge the providers of the TIGGE dataset (which is archived and maintained at NCAR) that was used for this study. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their thorough and insightful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. The research is partially sponsored by the U.S. Office of Naval Research (Grant N000140910526), NOAA through the Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program (HFIP), NSF (Grant ATM-0840651), and by the Typhoon Research Project (2009CB421503) of the National Basic Research Program of China. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1562 EP 1577 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00121.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 273FI UT WOS:000328520200016 ER PT J AU Shieh, OH Fiorino, M Kucas, ME Wang, B AF Shieh, Owen H. Fiorino, Michael Kucas, Matthew E. Wang, Bin TI Extreme Rapid Intensification of Typhoon Vicente (2012) in the South China Sea SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Hurricanes; typhoons; Tropical cyclones; Upper troposphere; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting; Operational forecasting; Short-range prediction ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; UPPER-TROPOSPHERIC TROUGHS; TROPICAL CYCLONES; PERFORMANCE; PREDICTION; MODEL; OCEAN; BASIN; CONVECTION; FORECASTS AB One of the primary challenges for both tropical cyclone (TC) research and forecasting is the problem of intensity change. Accurately forecasting TC rapid intensification (RI) is particularly important to interests along coastlines and shipping routes, which are vulnerable to storm surge and heavy seas induced by intense tropical cyclones. One particular RI event in the western North Pacific Ocean with important scientific implications is the explosive deepening of Typhoon Vicente (2012). Vicente underwent extreme RI in the northern South China Sea just prior to landfall west of Hong Kong, China, with maximum sustained winds increasing from 50 kt (1 kt = 0.51 m s(-1)) at 0000 UTC 23 July to 115 kt at 1500 UTC 23 July. This increase of 65 kt in 15 h far exceeds established thresholds for TC RI. Just prior to this RI episode, Vicente exhibited a near-90 degrees poleward track shift. The relationship between the track and intensity change is described, and the authors speculate that the passage of an upper-tropospheric (UT) inverted trough was a significant influence. An analysis of real-time numerical model guidance is provided and is discussed from an operational perspective, and high-resolution global model analyses are evaluated. Numerical model forecasts of the UT trough interaction with the TC circulation were determined to be a shortcoming that contributed to the intensity prediction errors for Vicente. This case study discusses the importance of considering UT features in TC intensity forecasting and establishes current modeling capabilities for future research. C1 [Shieh, Owen H.] Natl Disaster Preparedness Training Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Fiorino, Michael] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Kucas, Matthew E.] Joint Typhoon Warning Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Wang, Bin] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Shieh, OH (reprint author), Natl Disaster Preparedness Training Ctr, 828 Ft St Mall,Ste 320, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM oshieh@hawaii.edu RI Fiorino, Michael/N-4150-2014 OI Fiorino, Michael/0000-0002-2819-8157 FU NASA [NNX09AG97G]; O. Shieh's NSF Graduate Research Fellowship; NOAA/Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project FX Financial support was provided by NASA Award NNX09AG97G and O. Shieh's NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. M. Fiorino's contribution was supported by the NOAA/Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project. We thank Ramona Ferreyra and Marcela Gill, formerly at U. S. Pacific Command at Camp H. M. Smith, for facilitating the JTWC collaboration. Finally, we acknowledge JTWC Commanding Officer Capt. Ashley Evans, USN, Director Robert Falvey, and the current and former JT Operations Officers Lt. Chad Geis, USN, and Lt. Cdr. Sarah Follett, USN, for supporting O. Shieh's Typhoon Duty Officer training. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1578 EP 1587 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00076.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 273FI UT WOS:000328520200017 ER PT J AU Tan, GJ Liu, W Chi, H Su, XL Wang, SY Yan, YG Tang, XF Wong-Ng, W Uher, C AF Tan, Gangjian Liu, Wei Chi, Hang Su, Xianli Wang, Shanyu Yan, Yonggao Tang, Xinfeng Wong-Ng, Winnie Uher, Ctirad TI Realization of high thermoelectric performance in p-type unfilled ternary skutterudites FeSb2+xTe1-x via band structure modification and significant point defect scattering SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE p-Type skutterudite; Thermoelectric; Band structure modification; Thermal conductivity; Point defect scattering ID TEMPERATURE TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; LATTICE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; FILLED SKUTTERUDITES; DOPED COSB3; ANTIMONIDES; SEMICONDUCTOR AB FeSb2Te, a ternary derivative of binary CoSb3, displays anomalous electrical and thermal transport properties because of considerable modifications in the band structure induced by Fe and significant mixed valence state (namely Fe2+ and Fe3+) scattering of phonons. The substitution of Te for Sb generates more holes without notably affecting the band structure, while markedly improving the electrical conductivity and retaining a high Seebeck coefficient due to the enhanced density of states, thereby leading to dramatically increased power factors. Furthermore, the heat carrying phonons are strongly scattered with increasing x value because of the formation of solid solutions between two end members: square FeSb2Te and square FeSb3 (where square can be viewed as a vacancy). Consequently, high thermoelectric figures of merit were achieved in the FeSb2+xTe1-x compounds, with the largest ZT value reaching similar to 0.65 for the sample with x = 0.2. This is the highest value among all p-type unfilled skutterudites and is comparable with some filled compositions. Prospects for further improving the performance of p-type FeSb2Te-based skutterudites are discussed. Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Tan, Gangjian; Liu, Wei; Su, Xianli; Wang, Shanyu; Yan, Yonggao; Tang, Xinfeng] Wuhan Univ Technol, State Key Lab Adv Technol Mat Synth & Proc, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. [Liu, Wei; Chi, Hang; Uher, Ctirad] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wong-Ng, Winnie] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tang, XF (reprint author), Wuhan Univ Technol, State Key Lab Adv Technol Mat Synth & Proc, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. EM tangxf@whut.edu.cn RI Tan, Gangjian/M-3509-2014; Wang, Shanyu/G-6175-2013; Su, Xianli/A-9685-2012; Chi, Hang/F-1537-2011 OI Tan, Gangjian/0000-0002-9087-4048; Chi, Hang/0000-0002-1299-1150 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB632502]; Natural Science Foundation of China [51172174, 51002112]; International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China [2011DFB60150]; 111 Project [B07040]; Center for Solar and Thermal Energy Research, an Energy Frontier Research Center; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0000957] FX This work was partially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (grant 2013CB632502), the Natural Science Foundation of China (grants nos. 51172174 and 51002112) and the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China (grant 2011DFB60150), along with the 111 Project (grant B07040). The work at the University of Michigan (low temperature transport measurements, the high temperature Hall effect, and the XPS analysis) is supported by the Center for Solar and Thermal Energy Research, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under award DE-SC0000957. NR 49 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 45 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 61 IS 20 BP 7693 EP 7704 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.09.006 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 268OF UT WOS:000328179700016 ER PT J AU Lee, IF Phan, TQ Levine, LE Tischler, JZ Geantil, PT Huang, Y Langdon, TG Kassner, ME AF Lee, I-Fang Phan, Thien Q. Levine, Lyle E. Tischler, Jonathan Z. Geantil, Peter T. Huang, Yi Langdon, Terence G. Kassner, Michael E. TI Using X-ray microbeam diffraction to study the long-range internal stresses in aluminum processed by ECAP SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE X-ray diffraction; Composite model; Aluminum; Equal-channel angular pressing; Long-range internal stresses ID BEAM ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; CYCLICALLY DEFORMED COPPER; HIGH-PURITY ALUMINUM; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; RESTORATION MECHANISMS; NANOSTRUCTURED METALS; GRAINED MATERIALS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS AB Aluminum alloy 1050 was processed by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) using a single pass (equivalent uniaxial strain of about 0.88). Long-range internal stresses (LRISs) were assessed in the grain/subgrain interiors using X-ray microbeam diffraction to measure the spacing of {5 3 1} planes, with normals oriented approximately +27.3 degrees, +4.9 degrees and -17.5 degrees off the pressing (axial) direction. The results are consistent with mechanical analysis that suggests the maximum tensile plastic-strain after one pass is expected for +22.5 degrees, roughly zero along the pressing axis, and maximum compressive strain for the -67.5 degrees direction. The magnitude of the measured maximum compressive long-range internal stress is about 0.13 sigma(a) (applied stress) in low-dislocation regions within the grain/subgrain interiors. This work is placed in the context of earlier work where convergent beam electron diffraction was used to analyze LRISs in close proximity to the deformation-induced boundaries. The results are complementary and the measured stresses are consistent with a composite model for long-range internal stresses. (C) 2013 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, I-Fang; Phan, Thien Q.; Geantil, Peter T.; Langdon, Terence G.; Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Lee, I-Fang; Phan, Thien Q.; Geantil, Peter T.; Langdon, Terence G.; Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Levine, Lyle E.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tischler, Jonathan Z.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Huang, Yi; Langdon, Terence G.] Univ Southampton, Fac Engn & Environm, Mat Res Grp, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Kassner, ME (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM kassner@usc.edu RI Huang, Yi/E-9008-2012; Langdon, Terence/B-1487-2008 OI Huang, Yi/0000-0001-9259-8123; FU National Science Foundation [DMR-901838]; DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; European Research Council under ERC [267464-SPDMETALS] FX Research at the University of Southern California was supported the National Science Foundation through DMR-901838, the XOR/UNI facilities on 11-BM and 34ID at the APS are supported by the DOE Office of Science under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 and research at the University of Southampton was supported by the European Research Council under ERC Grant Agreement No. 267464-SPDMETALS. Comments by Prof. Alan Fox are greatly appreciated. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 61 IS 20 BP 7741 EP 7748 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.09.013 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 268OF UT WOS:000328179700021 ER PT J AU Akula, M Lipman, RR Franaszek, M Saidi, KS Cheok, GS Kamat, VR AF Akula, Manu Lipman, Robert R. Franaszek, Marek Saidi, Kamel S. Cheok, Geraldine S. Kamat, Vineet R. TI Real-time drill monitoring and control using building information models augmented with 3D imaging data SO AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION LA English DT Article DE Monitoring; Real-time visualization; Context-aware computing; Concrete decks; Embeds ID SYSTEM AB The problem of placing embeds into existing reinforced concrete structures without damaging reinforcement bars is an industry-wide challenge for the construction industry. This paper presents research that investigated real-time monitoring approaches for hazardous engineering processes. A conceptual solution for processing and incorporating point cloud data obtained from 3D imaging technologies(1) into the drilling process in was developed. The 3D imaging technologies were used to map the locations of rebar within a section of a railway bridge deck. Once the point clouds were processed, zones which are safe for drilling were automatically detected and saved as a Building Information Model (BIM). The BIM was used to provide real-time feedback to the drill operator about whether it is safe to continue drilling based on the position and orientation of the drill. The results showed the feasibility of real-time feedback for improving the safety, productivity, and quality of engineering processes by helping avoid the time and cost of rework. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Akula, Manu; Kamat, Vineet R.] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Lipman, Robert R.] NIST, Informat Modeling & Testing Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Franaszek, Marek; Saidi, Kamel S.; Cheok, Geraldine S.] NIST, Sensing & Percept Syst Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kamat, VR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM akulaman@umich.edu; robert.lipman@nist.gov; marek.franaszek@nist.gov; kamel.saidi@nist.gov; cheok@nist.gov; vkamat@umich.edu NR 22 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-5805 EI 1872-7891 J9 AUTOMAT CONSTR JI Autom. Constr. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 36 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.autcon.2013.08.010 PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 260DB UT WOS:000327574100001 ER PT J AU Haghpanah, JS Tu, R Da Silva, S Yan, D Mueller, S Weder, C Foster, EJ Sacui, I Gilman, JW Montclare, JK AF Haghpanah, Jennifer S. Tu, Raymond Da Silva, Sandra Yan, Deng Mueller, Silvana Weder, Christoph Foster, E. Johan Sacui, Iulia Gilman, Jeffery W. Montclare, Jin Kim TI Bionanocomposites: Differential Effects of Cellulose Nanocrystals on Protein Diblock Copolymers SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE TRACKING MICRORHEOLOGY; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; REESEI CELLOBIOHYDROLASE-I; SMALL-MOLECULE RECOGNITION; BINDING DOMAIN; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; CROSS-LINKING; GEL POINT; REFLECTIN PROTEIN; STRESS-TRANSFER AB We investigate the effects of mixing a colloidal suspension of tunicate-derived cellulose nanocrystals (t-CNCs) with aqueous colloidal suspensions of two protein diblock copolymers, EC and CE, which bear two different self-assembling domains (SADs) derived from elastin (E) and the coiled-coil region of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (C). The resulting aqueous mixtures reveal improved mechanical integrity for the CE+t-CNC mixture, which exhibits an elastic gel network. This is in contrast to EC+t-CNC, which does not form a gel, indicating that block orientation influences the ability to interact with t-CNCs. Surface analysis and interfacial characterization indicate that the differential mechanical properties of the two samples are due to the prevalent display of the E domain by CE, which interacts more with t-CNCs leading to a stronger network with t-CNCs. On the other hand, EC, which is predominantly C-rich on its surface, does not interact as much with t-CNCs. This suggests that the surface characteristics of the protein polymers, due to folding and self-assembly, are important factors for the interactions with t-CNCs, and a significant influence on the overall mechanical properties. These results have interesting implications for the understanding of cellulose hydrophobic interactions, natural biomaterials and the development of artificially assembled bionanocomposites. C1 [Haghpanah, Jennifer S.; Montclare, Jin Kim] NYU, Polytech Inst, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Tu, Raymond] CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Da Silva, Sandra; Montclare, Jin Kim] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biomat & Biosyst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yan, Deng] NYU Med Ctr, Skirball Inst Biomol Med, Microscopy Core Facil, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Mueller, Silvana; Weder, Christoph; Foster, E. Johan] Univ Fribourg, Adolphe Merkle Inst, CH-1723 Marly, Switzerland. [Sacui, Iulia; Gilman, Jeffery W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Montclare, Jin Kim] Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. RP Da Silva, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biomat & Biosyst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jmontcla@poly.edu RI Foster, Johan/B-5270-2017; OI Foster, Johan/0000-0002-4103-8510; Merkle Institute, Adolphe/0000-0002-6220-424X FU AFOSR [FA-9550-07-1-0060, FA-9550-08-1-0266]; NSF [DMR-1205384, NSF DMR-1006407]; AFOSR-MIPR [FIA-TA02045G002]; NSF MRSEC Program [DMR-0820341]; Society of Plastic Engineers; GK-12 Fellows Grant [DGE-0741714]; Swiss National Science Foundation (National Research Programme 64) [406440_131264/1]; Adolphe Merkle Foundation FX This work was supported by the AFOSR FA-9550-07-1-0060, and FA-9550-08-1-0266 (J.K.M.), NSF DMR-1205384 (J.K.M.), NSF DMR-1006407 (R.S.T.), AFOSR-MIPR FIA-TA02045G002 (J.W.G. and I. S.) in part by the NSF MRSEC Program under Award Number DMR-0820341, Society of Plastic Engineers (J.S.H.), GK-12 Fellows Grant DGE-0741714 (J.S.H.), Swiss National Science Foundation (National Research Programme 64, Project #406440_131264/1)(S.M.) and the Adolphe Merkle Foundation (S.M., C.W., E.J.F.). NR 79 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 55 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 EI 1526-4602 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD DEC PY 2013 VL 14 IS 12 BP 4360 EP 4367 DI 10.1021/bm401304w PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 269KO UT WOS:000328240400022 PM 24138750 ER PT J AU Chiang, MYM Yangben, YZ Lin, NJ Zhong, JLL Yang, L AF Chiang, Martin Y. M. Yangben, Yanzi Lin, Nancy J. Zhong, Julia L. Yang, Li TI Relationships among cell morphology, intrinsic cell stiffness and cell-substrate interactions SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Cell modulus; Cell morphology; Substrate rigidity; Roundness; Cell-material interaction; Free energy ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; CONTRACTILE CELLS; MATRIX RIGIDITY; FOCAL ADHESIONS; ELASTICITY; INTEGRINS; DIFFERENTIATION; MIGRATION; BEHAVIOR AB Cell modulus (stiffness) is a critical cell property that is important in normal cell functions and increasingly associated with disease states, yet most methods to characterize modulus may skew results. Here we show strong evidence indicating that the fundamental nature of free energies associated with cell/substrate interactions regulates adherent cell morphology and can be used to deduce cell modulus. These results are based on a mathematical model of biophysics and confirmed by the measured morphology of normal and cancerous liver cells adhered on a substrate. Cells select their final morphology by minimizing the total free energy in the cell/substrate system. The key mechanism by which substrate stiffness influences cell morphology is the energy tradeoff between the stabilizing influence of the cell-substrate interfacial adhesive energy and the destabilizing influence of the total elastic energies in the system. Using these findings, we establish a noninvasive methodology to determine the intrinsic modulus of cells by observing global changes in cell morphology in response to substrate stiffness. We also highlight the importance of selecting a relevant morphological index, cell roundness, that reflects the interchange between forms of energy governing cell morphology. Thus, cell-substrate interactions can be rationalized by the underlying biophysics, and cell modulus is easily measured. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chiang, Martin Y. M.; Lin, Nancy J.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yangben, Yanzi; Zhong, Julia L.; Yang, Li] Chongqing Univ, Coll Bioengn, Chongqing 630044, Peoples R China. RP Chiang, MYM (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM martin.chiang@nist.gov; yangli@cqu.edu.cn OI Yang, Li/0000-0001-6589-7195 FU National Nature Science Foundation of China [11032012, 30870608, 10472137]; Innovation and Attracting Talents Program for College and University ('111' Project) [B06023]; Key Science and Technology Program of CQ CSTC (CSTC) [2009AA5045]; Chongqing University FX This work was supported in part (Y.Y., J.L.Z, and L.Y.) by grants from National Nature Science Foundation of China (11032012, 30870608 and 10472137), Innovation and Attracting Talents Program for College and University ('111' Project) (B06023), Key Science and Technology Program of CQ CSTC (CSTC, 2009AA5045) and sharing fund of Chongqing University's large-scale equipment. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 EI 1878-5905 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD DEC PY 2013 VL 34 IS 38 BP 9754 EP 9762 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.014 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 267JT UT WOS:000328094600003 PM 24075411 ER PT J AU Somerton, DA Weinberg, KL Goodman, SE AF Somerton, David A. Weinberg, Kenneth L. Goodman, Scott E. TI Catchability of snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) by the eastern Bering Sea bottom trawl survey estimated using a catch comparison experiment SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID STOCK ASSESSMENT MODELS; BETWEEN-HAUL VARIATION; SIZE-SELECTIVITY; CAPTURE EFFICIENCY; THEORETICAL-MODEL; GEAR; CURVES; AGE; MORTALITY; CONTACT AB Catchability of the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) bottom trawl survey for snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) was estimated from experimental data to provide a constraint on the survey catchability parameters in the stock assessment model. The experiment utilized a second fishing vessel to conduct side-by-side trawling with each of two survey vessels at 92 stations using an experimental trawl assumed to capture all crabs in its path. Trawl efficiency, or the captured proportion of crabs in the trawl path, was estimated for the 83-112 Eastern otter trawl from experimental data using a nonparametric smooth function of carapace width, sediment size, and depth. Survey catchability was then estimated as the catch-weighted average of the predicted trawl efficiency at all 275 survey stations where snow crabs were captured. The fitted model indicated that trawl selectivity was greater in sand than mud and greater in shallow water than deep. At a carapace widths >95 mm, the minimum commercial size limit, the estimated survey catchability of males is considerably less than previously reported. C1 [Somerton, David A.; Weinberg, Kenneth L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Groundfish Assessment Program, RACE Div,Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Goodman, Scott E.] Nat Resources Consultants, Seattle, WA 98199 USA. RP Somerton, DA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Groundfish Assessment Program, RACE Div,Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM david.somerton@noaa.gov FU Bering Sea Fisheries Research Foundation FX The authors thank Paul Spencer, Jack Turnock, Earl Dawe, and two anonymous referees for reviewing the manuscript and offering helpful suggestions. Wealso thank Bob Lauth and the captains and crews of the F/V Aldebaran, Alaska Knight, and American Eagle for their help in coordinating the paired fishing experiment. Partial funding for the experiment was provided by the Bering Sea Fisheries Research Foundation. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 70 IS 12 BP 1699 EP 1708 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0100 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 269WH UT WOS:000328273100005 ER PT J AU Brodziak, J Walsh, WA AF Brodziak, Jon Walsh, William A. TI Model selection and multimodel inference for standardizing catch rates of bycatch species: a case study of oceanic whitetip shark in the Hawaii-based longline fishery SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODEL; PRIONACE-GLAUCA; NORTH-ATLANTIC; TRADE RECORDS; ABUNDANCE; INDEXES; REGRESSION; PACIFIC; ELASMOBRANCHS; OBSERVER AB One key issue for standardizing catch per unit effort (CPUE) of bycatch species is how to model observations of zero catch per fishing operation. Typically, the fraction of zero catches is high, and catch counts may be overdispersed. In this study, we develop a model selection and multimodel inference approach to standardize CPUE in a case study of oceanic whitetip shark (Carcharhinus longimanus) bycatch in the Hawaii-based pelagic longline fishery. Alternative hypotheses for shark catch per longline set were characterized by the variance to mean ratio of the count distribution. Zero-inflated and non-inflated Poisson, negative binomial, and delta-gamma models were fit to fishery observer data using stepwise variable selection. Alternative hypotheses were compared using multimodel inference. Results from the best-fitting zero-inflated negative binomial model showed that standardized CPUE of oceanic whitetip sharks decreased by about 90% during 1995-2010 because of increased zero catch sets and decreased CPUE on sets with positive catch. Our model selection approach provides an objective way to address the question of how to treat zero catches when analyzing bycatch CPUE. C1 [Brodziak, Jon] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Walsh, William A.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Brodziak, J (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jon.brodziak@noaa.gov FU NOAA [NA17RJ1230]; Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research of the University of Hawaii [NA17RJ1230] FX The authors thank Karen Sender for preparing catch and CPUE maps; Gerard DiNardo, Pierre Kleiber, Hui-Hua Lee, Kevin Piner, and two anonymous reviewers for commenting on earlier versions of this manuscript; and S. Joseph Arceneaux and Eric Forney of the PIROP for data checks. This work was supported in part by cooperative agreement NA17RJ1230 between NOAA and the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research of the University of Hawaii. Last, we thank John Hampton and especially Shelley Clarke for facilitating this project. NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 34 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 70 IS 12 BP 1723 EP 1740 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0111 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 269WH UT WOS:000328273100007 ER PT J AU Ono, K Holland, DS Hilborn, R AF Ono, Kotaro Holland, Daniel S. Hilborn, Ray TI How does species association affect mixed stock fisheries management? A comparative analysis of the effect of marine protected areas, discard bans, and individual fishing quotas SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID US WEST-COAST; TRANSFERABLE QUOTAS; TRAWL FISHERIES; GEORGES BANK; TRIP LIMITS; RESERVES; CATCH; BEHAVIOR; IMPACTS; MODEL AB We developed a spatially explicit bioeconomic model of a mixed-stock fishery with an unproductive and a productive stock to examine how the spatial overlap between species affects the outcome of a fishery under alternative management methods. We considered a competitive total allowable catch (TAC) system, with and without a ban on discards, and an individual vessel quota (IVQ) fishery managed either to maximum sustainable yield (MSY) or maximum economic yield (MEY). We also evaluated the utility of marine protected areas (MPAs) designed to protect the unproductive species for each management scenario. Banning discarding (whether under a TAC or IVQ) created the biggest increase in profit regardless of species overlap as it moves the target species biomass toward Bmey. MPAs reduced the profit in most cases and were not always successful at conserving the unproductive stock above a target size. The IVQ system managed to MEY produced the most profit among all scenarios while preserving the populations above some target values in most cases, but an IVQ system managed to MSY produced lower profits than a competitive TAC with a discard ban at some levels of species overlap. C1 [Ono, Kotaro; Hilborn, Ray] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Holland, Daniel S.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Ono, K (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kotarono@uw.edu OI Holland, Daniel/0000-0002-4493-859X FU NMFS [NA10OAR4320148]; NSF/CAMEO [1041570] FX We would like to thank Andre Punt, Owen Hamel, Trevor Branch, Kenneth Rose and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments on the manuscript. We acknowledge the NMFS stock assessment grant NA10OAR4320148 and NSF/CAMEO grant 1041570 for the funding. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 32 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 70 IS 12 BP 1792 EP 1804 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0046 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 269WH UT WOS:000328273100013 ER PT J AU Thorson, JT Minto, C Minte-Vera, CV Kleisner, KM Longo, C AF Thorson, James T. Minto, Coilin Minte-Vera, Carolina V. Kleisner, Kristin M. Longo, Catherine TI A new role for effort dynamics in the theory of harvested populations and data-poor stock assessment SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TIME-VARYING CATCHABILITY; REDUCTION ANALYSIS; MODEL PERFORMANCE; BIODIVERSITY LOSS; BAYESIAN PRIORS; FISH STOCKS; FISHERIES; MANAGEMENT; RESOURCES; TRENDS AB Research shows that population status can be predicted using catch data, but there is little justification for why these predictions work or how they account for changes in fisheries management. We demonstrate that biomass can be reconstructed from catch data whenever fishing mortality follows predictable dynamics over time (called "effort dynamics"), and we develop a state-space catch only model (SSCOM) for this purpose. We use theoretical arguments and simulation modeling to demonstrate that SSCOM can, in some cases, estimate population status from catch data. Next, we use meta-analysis to estimate effort dynamics for US West Coast groundfishes before and after fisheries management changes in the mid-1990s. We apply the SSCOM using meta-analytic results to data for eight assessed species and compare results with stock assessment and data-poor methods. Results indicate general agreement among all three methods. We conclude that effort dynamics provides a theoretical basis for using catch data to reconstruct biomass and has potential for conducting data-poor assessments. However, we still recommend that index and compositional data be collected to allow application of data-rich methods. C1 [Thorson, James T.] NOAA, Fisheries Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Minto, Coilin] Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Marine & Freshwater Res Ctr, Galway, Ireland. [Minte-Vera, Carolina V.] Univ Estadual Maringa, Nupelia Res Grp Limnol Ichthyol & Aquiculture, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. [Minte-Vera, Carolina V.] Inter Amer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Kleisner, Kristin M.] Univ British Columbia, Sea Around Us Project, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Longo, Catherine] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM James.Thorson@noaa.gov RI Thorson, James/O-7937-2014; Minte-Vera, Carolina/A-5461-2017 OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010; Minte-Vera, Carolina/0000-0002-0537-1519 FU Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX We thank E. Deyle and H. Ye for advice and instruction regarding Takens' Theorem and S. Munch for explaining the link between Taken's Theorem and models that use explicit dynamical equations. We also thank S. Miller for providing stock assessment estimates for the US West Coast and E.J. Dick and A. MacCall for providing DB-SRA estimates. Finally, we thank the many participants at the FAO/CI meeting on data-poor stock assessment, headed by A. Rosenberg, M. Fogarty, and Y. Ye, with participants including authors T. Branch, A. Cooper, M. Dickey-Collas, N. Gutierrez, R. Hilborn, K. Hyde, T. Kristiansen, G. Osio, D. Ovando, and E. Selig, and funded by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. The manuscript was improved by comments from J. Cope, J. Hastie, M. McClure, J. Berkson, the associate editor Y. Chen, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 89 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 21 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 70 IS 12 BP 1829 EP 1844 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0280 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 269WH UT WOS:000328273100016 ER PT J AU Persson, A Smith, BC Morton, S Shuler, A Wikfors, GH AF Persson, Agneta Smith, Barry C. Morton, Steve Shuler, Andrew Wikfors, Gary H. TI Sexual life stages and temperature dependent morphological changes allow cryptic occurrence of the Florida red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Behavior; Bloom; Cryptic; Cyst; Dinoflagellate; Gamete; Karenia brevis; Mating; Morphology; Zygote ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; GYMNODINIUM-BREVE; ALEXANDRIUM-FUNDYENSE; CELL-CYCLE; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; COASTAL WATERS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; NEW-ZEALAND; DINOPHYCEAE; CYSTS AB Karenia brevis, the Florida red tide dinoflagellate, has been studied extensively, but very little attention has been paid to its sexual life cycle. We found that the life cycle of K. brevis is heterothallic, most probably not resting cyst-producing, but with life stages of different morphology. The isogamous gametes were slightly smaller than vegetative cells and not as broad and flat. The late zygote was yellow-brown in appearance with a thicker wall and more rounded shape lacking carina. Pellicle cysts of these zygotes closely resembled the few earlier descriptions of "possible cysts" of the species. In addition, temperature-dependent, morphological changes and pellicle-cyst formation were observed. Cells placed in the cold (15 degrees C) formed spherical, thin-walled pellicle cysts that germinated into cells that were round in cross-section and longer than wide - so morphologically different from vegetative cells that they would not be correctly identified if encountered in field samples. Cells grown at 25 degrees C were wider and flatter than cells grown at 20 degrees C. Cells warmed from cold conditions became flat and wide within hours, returning to the typical shape. Also the morphological differences between sexual life stages were large enough to allow misidentification and cryptic occurrence of K. brevis. The cell shape of K. brevis was not fixed, but could vary from very wide and flat to elongate with rounded cross-section in the same culture of clonal cells and in the same cells within a short time (hours). In addition to the culture studies, sediment samples from a Karenia "hot spot" area were concentrated, and the dinoflagellate cyst fraction was investigated for resting cysts. Cysts were not found, and Karenia cells did not germinate from slurry cultures of the concentrated cyst fraction. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Persson, Agneta] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Smith, Barry C.; Wikfors, Gary H.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT USA. [Morton, Steve; Shuler, Andrew] NOAA NOS Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. RP Persson, A (reprint author), Smedjebacksvagen 13, SE-77190 Ludvika, Sweden. EM agnetapersson77@gmail.com OI Persson, Agneta/0000-0003-0202-6514 FU Magnus Bergvall Foundation FX We are very grateful to Dr. Aswani Volety at Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Meyers, Florida, for providing us with sediment samples, to Jennifer Alix for assistance in Milford and to an anonymous reviewer for valuable comments on the manuscript. The research was partly funded by a travel grant from the Magnus Bergvall Foundation to Dr. Agneta Persson.[SS] NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD DEC PY 2013 VL 30 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2013.08.004 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 267LH UT WOS:000328098700001 ER PT J AU Parsons, ML Dortch, Q Doucette, GJ AF Parsons, Michael L. Dortch, Quay Doucette, Gregory J. TI An assessment of Pseudo-nitzschia population dynamics and domoic acid production in coastal Louisiana SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Gulf of Mexico; Harmful algae; Amnesic shellfish poisoning; Pseudo-nitzschia; Domoic acid ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; PRINCE-EDWARD-ISLAND; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; COMPLEX BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; SPECIES BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; SILICATE LIMITATION; MONTEREY BAY; AMINO-ACID; SEA LIONS AB Over 1200 samples were collected from Louisiana estuarine and coastal shelf waters between 1989 and 2002, and analyzed to examine the population dynamics of Pseudo-nitzschia and to assess the potential threat posed by domoic acid (DA), a potent neurotoxin produced by some members within this toxigenic diatom genus. Results demonstrated that three species in this region (Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries, P. pseudodelicatissima complex, P. delicatissima) produce DA, and that particulate toxin levels were highest (up to 3.05 mu g L-1) during the spring bloom, while cellular concentrations were highest in the winter/early spring when P. multiseries was most abundant (up to 30 pg cell(-1)). These particulate toxin levels are comparable to those seen in other regions (e.g., United States west coast) where DA poisoning events have occurred in the past. Pseudo-nitzschia were most abundant under dissolved inorganic nitrogen-replete conditions coupled with lower silicate and/or phosphate concentrations, and in the early spring months when temperatures were cooler. Pseudo-nitzschia were occasionally well-represented in the phytoplankton assemblage (>= 10(6) cells L-1 in 14% of samples, over 50% of total phytoplankton in 5% of samples), indicating that planktivores (e.g., Gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus) may have little choice but to consume Pseudo-nitzschia cells, thereby providing potential vectors for DA transfer to higher trophic levels. By comparison, eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) present in estuarine waters may be more exposed to this toxin when Pseudo-nitzschia cells are part of a mixed assemblage, reducing selective grazing by these bivalves. C virginica may thus represent the most effective vector for DA exposure in humans. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Parsons, Michael L.; Dortch, Quay] Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, Cocodrie, IA 70344 USA. [Doucette, Gregory J.] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Parsons, ML (reprint author), Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Dept Marine & Ecol Sci, 10501 FGCU Blvd South, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA. EM mparsons@fgcu.edu FU NSF [OCE-9633805, OCE-9633806]; NOAA/NOS/CCEHBR operational funds FX We would like to thank Nancy Rabalais, Gene Turner, and Ben Cole for their aid in sample collection and processing over the course of the study. We also acknowledge the expert technical assistance of Christine Powell for DA analyses. This research was supported by NSF Grants OCE-9633805 (GJD) and OCE-9633806 (QD), and by NOAA/NOS/CCEHBR operational funds. Disclaimer: This publication does not constitute an endorsement of any commercial product or intend to be an opinion beyond scientific or other results obtained by the NOAA. No reference shall be made to NOAA, or this publication furnished by NOAA, to any advertising or sales promotion, which would indicate or imply that NOAA recommends or endorses any proprietary product mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an interest to cause the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this publication.[SS] NR 76 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD DEC PY 2013 VL 30 BP 65 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2013.09.001 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 267LH UT WOS:000328098700007 ER PT J AU Chung, HK Bowen, C Fontes, CJ Hansen, SB Ralchenko, Y AF Chung, H-K Bowen, C. Fontes, C. J. Hansen, S. B. Ralchenko, Yu. TI Comparison and analysis of collisional-radiative models at the NLTE-7 workshop SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium; Collisional-radiative modeling; Plasma kinetics; Atomic spectra ID RECOMBINATION RATE COEFFICIENTS; CODE COMPARISON WORKSHOP; FINITE-DENSITY PLASMAS; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; X-RAY; TUNGSTEN; IONS; LINES; MG; NI AB We present the main results of the 7th Non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium Code Comparison Workshop held in December 2011 in Vienna, Austria. More than twenty researchers from nine countries, who actively work on development of collisional-radiative codes for plasma kinetics modeling, attended the meeting and submitted their results for a number of comparison cases. The cases included free-electron-laser-inspired time-dependent relaxation of photoexcited Ne-like Ar, ionization balance and spectra for highly charged tungsten, spectroscopic diagnostics of krypton L-shell spectra, and an investigation of Ne model convergence with principal quantum number. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chung, H-K] IAEA, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Bowen, C.] CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. [Fontes, C. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hansen, S. B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Ralchenko, Yu.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ralchenko, Y (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yuri.ralchenko@nist.gov RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 FU Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy FX Financial support from IAEA, CEA, and NIST is greatly appreciated. S.H. was supported by Sandia, a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The work of C.F. was performed under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52- 06NA25396. Yu.R. was supported in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 EI 1878-0563 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 9 IS 4 BP 645 EP 652 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2013.06.001 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 268PO UT WOS:000328183200001 ER PT J AU Hafezi, M Mittal, S Fan, J Migdall, A Taylor, JM AF Hafezi, M. Mittal, S. Fan, J. Migdall, A. Taylor, J. M. TI Imaging topological edge states in silicon photonics SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-DOT; RESONATORS; EXCITATIONS; FILTERS; ATOMS; CHIP AB Topological features-global properties not discernible locally-emerge in systems ranging from liquid crystals to magnets to fractional quantum Hall systems. A deeper understanding of the role of topology in physics has led to a new class of matter-topologically ordered systems. The best known examples are quantum Hall effects, where insensitivity to local properties manifests itself as conductance through edge states that is insensitive to defects and disorder. Current research into engineering topological order primarily focuses on analogies to quantum Hall systems, where the required magnetic field is synthesized in non-magnetic systems. Here, we realize synthetic magnetic fields for photons at room temperature, using linear silicon photonics. We observe, for the first time, topological edge states of light in a two-dimensional system and show their robustness against intrinsic and introduced disorder. Our experiment demonstrates the feasibility of using photonics to realize topological order in both non-interacting and many-body regimes. C1 [Hafezi, M.; Mittal, S.; Fan, J.; Migdall, A.; Taylor, J. M.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hafezi, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM hafezi@umd.edu RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; Hafezi, Mohammad/A-1197-2008 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; Hafezi, Mohammad/0000-0003-1679-4880 FU US Army Research Office Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative award [W911NF0910406]; National Science Foundation through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute FX The authors thank J. Chen, K. Srinivasan, M. Lukin, A. Melloni, M. Fournier, G. Solomon and E. Waks for stimulating discussions and experimental help. M. H. thanks the Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (Innsbruck) for hospitality. This research was supported by a US Army Research Office Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative award (W911NF0910406) and the National Science Foundation through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. Disclaimer: Certain commercial equipment, instruments or materials are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 35 TC 252 Z9 252 U1 20 U2 104 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD DEC PY 2013 VL 7 IS 12 BP 1001 EP 1005 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2013.274 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 262MB UT WOS:000327738400020 ER PT J AU Waples, RS AF Waples, Robin S. TI Special Section: Incorporating Climate Change into Risk Analyses under the U.S. Endangered Species Act SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1137 EP 1137 DI 10.1111/cobi.12180 PG 1 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 259ZH UT WOS:000327564300002 PM 24299079 ER PT J AU Seney, EE Rowland, MJ Lowery, RA Griffis, RB McClure, MM AF Seney, Erin E. Rowland, Melanie J. Lowery, Ruth Ann Griffis, Roger B. McClure, Michelle M. TI Climate Change, Marine Environments, and the U.S. Endangered Species Act SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anadromous species; critical habitat; environmental assessment; imperiled species; interagency consultation; ocean acidification; recovery plan; uncertainty ID CHINOOK SALMON; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; ASSESSMENTS; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; SCENARIOS; DECISIONS; IMPACTS; SCIENCE AB Climate change is expected to be a top driver of global biodiversity loss in the 21st century. It poses new challenges to conserving and managing imperiled species, particularly in marine and estuarine ecosystems. The use of climate-related science in statutorily driven species management, such as under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA), is in its early stages. This article provides an overview of ESA processes, with emphasis on the mandate to the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) to manage listed marine, estuarine, and anadromous species. Although the ESA is specific to the United States, its requirements are broadly relevant to conservation planning. Under the ESA, species, subspecies, and distinct population segments may be listed as either endangered or threatened, and taking of most listed species (harassing, harming, pursuing, wounding, killing, or capturing) is prohibited unless specifically authorized via a case-by-case permit process. Government agencies, in addition to avoiding take, must ensure that actions they fund, authorize, or conduct are not likely to jeopardize a listed species' continued existence or adversely affect designated critical habitat. Decisions for which climate change is likely to be a key factor include: determining whether a species should be listed under the ESA, designating critical habitat areas, developing species recovery plans, and predicting whether effects of proposed human activities will be compatible with ESA-listed species' survival and recovery. Scientific analyses that underlie these critical conservation decisions include risk assessment, long-term recovery planning, defining environmental baselines, predicting distribution, and defining appropriate temporal and spatial scales. Although specific guidance is still evolving, it is clear that the unprecedented changes in global ecosystems brought about by climate change necessitate new information and approaches to conservation of imperiled species. El Cambio Climatico, los Ecosistemas Marinos y el Acta Estadunidense de Especies en Peligro Resumen Se espera que el cambio climatico sea un principal conductor de la perdida de biodiversidad global en el siglo 21. Esto proporciona nuevos retos para la conservacion y el manejo de especies en peligro, particularmente en ecosistemas marinos y estuarinos. El uso de ciencias relacionadas con el cambio climatico en el manejo de especies estatutarios, como bajo el Acta Estadunidense de Especies en Peligro (ESA), se encuentra en sus fases iniciales. Este articulo proporciona un analisis de los procesos de ESA, con enfasis en los mandatos al Servicio Nacional de Pesqueras Marinas (NMFS) para enlistar especies marinas, estuarinas y anadromas. Aunque la ESA es especifica de los Estados Unidos, sus requerimientos en general son relevantes para la planificacion de la conservacion. Bajo la ESA, las especies, subespecies y segmentos distintivos de la poblacion pueden enlistarse como en peligro o amenazadas, y la colecta de la mayoria de los especies enlistadas (molestar, danar, perseguir, herir, matar o capturar) esta prohibida a menos que sea autorizada especificamente por un proceso de permiso caso-por-caso. Las agencias gubernamentales, ademas de evitar la colecta, deben asegurar que las acciones que patrocinan, autorizan o llevan a cabo no pongan en peligro la existencia continua de una especie enlistada ni afecten negativamente habitat criticos designados. Las decisiones para las cuales el cambio climatico probablemente sea considerado un factor clave incluyen: determinar si una especie deberia estar enlistada bajo la ESA, designar areas de habitat critico, desarrollar planes de recuperacion de especies, y predecir si los efectos de actividades humanas propuestas pueden ser compatibles con la supervivencia y recuperacion de especies enlistadas en ESA. Los analisis cientificos que subyacen estas decisiones criticas para la conservacion incluyen estudios de riesgo, planeacion de recuperacion a largo plazo, definir las bases ambientales y definir escalas temporales y espaciales apropiadas. Aunque la orientacion especifica todavia esta evolucionando, esta claro que los cambios sin precedentes en los ecosistemas globales causados por el cambio climatico necesitan informacion nueva y nuevas aproximaciones para la conservacion de especies en peligro. C1 [Seney, Erin E.; Griffis, Roger B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Seney, Erin E.] Erin Seney Consulting LLC, Woodbridge, VA 22192 USA. [Rowland, Melanie J.] NOAA, Off Gen Counsel, NW Sect, Seattle, WA USA. [Lowery, Ruth Ann] NOAA, Off Gen Counsel, Fisheries & Protected Resources Sect, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [McClure, Michelle M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Seney, EE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sci & Technol, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM eeseney@gmail.com RI McClure, Michelle/O-7853-2015 OI McClure, Michelle/0000-0003-4791-8719 NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 99 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1138 EP 1146 DI 10.1111/cobi.12167 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 259ZH UT WOS:000327564300003 PM 24299080 ER PT J AU Snover, AK Mantua, NJ Littell, JS Alexander, MA Mcclure, MM Nye, J AF Snover, Amy K. Mantua, Nathan J. Littell, Jeremy S. Alexander, Michael A. Mcclure, Michelle M. Nye, Janet TI Choosing and Using Climate-Change Scenarios for Ecological-Impact Assessments and Conservation Decisions SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; freshwater; marine; risk assessment; threatened species ID FUTURE CLIMATE; DOWNSCALING METHODS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; MODEL; PROJECTIONS; SALMON; TEMPERATURE; HYDROLOGY; SELECTION; ENSEMBLE AB Increased concern over climate change is demonstrated by the many efforts to assess climate effects and develop adaptation strategies. Scientists, resource managers, and decision makers are increasingly expected to use climate information, but they struggle with its uncertainty. With the current proliferation of climate simulations and downscaling methods, scientifically credible strategies for selecting a subset for analysis and decision making are needed. Drawing on a rich literature in climate science and impact assessment and on experience working with natural resource scientists and decision makers, we devised guidelines for choosing climate-change scenarios for ecological impact assessment that recognize irreducible uncertainty in climate projections and address common misconceptions about this uncertainty. This approach involves identifying primary local climate drivers by climate sensitivity of the biological system of interest; determining appropriate sources of information for future changes in those drivers; considering how well processes controlling local climate are spatially resolved; and selecting scenarios based on considering observed emission trends, relative importance of natural climate variability, and risk tolerance and time horizon of the associated decision. The most appropriate scenarios for a particular analysis will not necessarily be the most appropriate for another due to differences in local climate drivers, biophysical linkages to climate, decision characteristics, and how well a model simulates the climate parameters and processes of interest. Given these complexities, we recommend interaction among climate scientists, natural and physical scientists, and decision makers throughout the process of choosing and using climate-change scenarios for ecological impact assessment. C1 [Snover, Amy K.; Mantua, Nathan J.; Littell, Jeremy S.] Univ Washington, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mantua, Nathan J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Littell, Jeremy S.] US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Alaska Climate Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Alexander, Michael A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mcclure, Michelle M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Nye, Janet] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Snover, AK (reprint author), Univ Washington, Climate Impacts Grp, Box 355674, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM aksnover@uw.edu RI McClure, Michelle/O-7853-2015; Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI McClure, Michelle/0000-0003-4791-8719; Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative Agreement [NA10OAR4320148] FX This publication was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148 and is contribution number 2102. NR 73 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 73 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1147 EP 1157 DI 10.1111/cobi.12163 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 259ZH UT WOS:000327564300004 PM 24299081 ER PT J AU Boughton, DA Pike, AS AF Boughton, David A. Pike, Andrew S. TI Floodplain Rehabilitation as a Hedge against Hydroclimatic Uncertainty in a Migration Corridor of Threatened Steelhead SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anadromy; ecosystem restoration; Endangered Species Act; recovery; salmonid ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; PACIFIC SALMON; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; ATLANTIC SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; RIVER; FISH AB A strategy for recovering endangered species during climate change is to restore ecosystem processes that moderate effects of climate shifts. In mid-latitudes, storm patterns may shift their intensity, duration, and frequency. These shifts threaten flooding in human communities and reduce migration windows (conditions suitable for migration after a storm) for fish. Rehabilitation of historic floodplains can in principle reduce these threats via transient storage of storm water, but no one has quantified the benefit of floodplain rehabilitation for migrating fish, a widespread biota with conservation and economic value. We used simple models to quantify migration opportunity for a threatened migratory fish, steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss), in an episodic rain-fed river system, the Pajaro River in central California. We combined flow models, bioenergetic models, and existing climate projections to estimate the sensitivity of migration windows to altered storm patterns under alternate scenarios of floodplain rehabilitation. Generally, migration opportunities were insensitive to warming, weakly sensitive to duration or intensity of storms, and proportionately sensitive to frequency of storms. The rehabilitation strategy expanded migration windows by 16-28% regardless of climate outcomes. Warmer conditions raised the energy cost of migrating, but not enough to matter biologically. Novel findings were that fewer storms appeared to pose a bigger threat to migrating steelhead than warmer or smaller storms and that floodplain rehabilitation lessened the risk from fewer or smaller storms across all plausible hydroclimatic outcomes. It follows that statistical downscaling methods may mischaracterize risk, depending on how they resolve overall precipitation shifts into changes of storm frequency as opposed to storm size. Moreover, anticipating effects of climate shifts that are irreducibly uncertain (here, rainfall) may be more important than anticipating effects of relatively predictable changes such as warming. This highlights a need to credibly identify strategies of ecosystem rehabilitation that are robust to uncertainty. C1 [Boughton, David A.; Pike, Andrew S.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Pike, Andrew S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Boughton, DA (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM David.Boughton@noaa.gov NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1158 EP 1168 DI 10.1111/cobi.12169 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 259ZH UT WOS:000327564300005 PM 24299082 ER PT J AU Brainard, RE Weijerman, M Eakin, CM Mcelhany, P Miller, MW Patterson, M Piniak, GA Dunlap, MJ Birkeland, C AF Brainard, Russell E. Weijerman, Mariska Eakin, C. Mark Mcelhany, Paul Miller, Margaret W. Patterson, Matt Piniak, Gregory A. Dunlap, Matthew J. Birkeland, Charles TI Incorporating Climate and Ocean Change into Extinction Risk Assessments for 82 Coral Species SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Climate and ocean change; coral; data-limited species; extinction risk; ESA; risk assessment ID REEF CORALS; ACIDIFICATION; VULNERABILITY; IMPACTS; LIMITS AB Many marine invertebrate species facing potential extinction have uncertain taxonomies and poorly known demographic and ecological traits. Uncertainties are compounded when potential extinction drivers are climate and ocean changes whose effects on even widespread and abundant species are only partially understood. The U.S. Endangered Species Act mandates conservation management decisions founded on the extinction risk to species based on the best available science at the time of considerationrequiring prompt action rather than awaiting better information. We developed an expert-opinion threat-based approach that entails a structured voting system to assess extinction risk from climate and ocean changes and other threats to 82 coral species for which population status and threat response information was limited. Such methods are urgently needed because constrained budgets and manpower will continue to hinder the availability of desired data for many potentially vulnerable marine species. Significant species-specific information gaps and uncertainties precluded quantitative assessments of habitat loss or population declines and necessitated increased reliance on demographic characteristics and threat vulnerabilities at genus or family levels. Adapting some methods (e.g., a structured voting system) used during other assessments and developing some new approaches (e.g., integrated assessment of threats and demographic characteristics), we rated the importance of threats contributing to coral extinction risk and assessed those threats against population status and trend information to evaluate each species' extinction risk over the 21st century. This qualitative assessment resulted in a ranking with an uncertainty range for each species according to their estimated likelihood of extinction. We offer guidance on approaches for future biological extinction risk assessments, especially in cases of data-limited species likely to be affected by global-scale threats. C1 [Brainard, Russell E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Weijerman, Mariska; Dunlap, Matthew J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Eakin, C. Mark] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Data & Informat Serv, NOAA Coral Reef Watch, College Pk, MD 20737 USA. [Mcelhany, Paul] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Miller, Margaret W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Patterson, Matt] South Florida Inventory & Monitoring Network, Natl Pk Serv, Miami, FL 33157 USA. [Piniak, Gregory A.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Birkeland, Charles] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Biol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Brainard, RE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1125B Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM rusty.brainard@noaa.gov RI Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010 NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 77 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1169 EP 1178 DI 10.1111/cobi.12171 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 259ZH UT WOS:000327564300006 PM 24299083 ER PT J AU Walters, AW Bartz, KK McClure, MM AF Walters, Annika W. Bartz, Krista K. McClure, Michelle M. TI Interactive Effects of Water Diversion and Climate Change for Juvenile Chinook Salmon in the Lemhi River Basin (U.S.A.) SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carrying capacity; ESA; juvenile survival; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; streamflow ID ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; FLOW REGIMES; STREAM-FLOW; FRESH-WATER; TEMPERATURE; MANAGEMENT; HABITAT; TROUT; POPULATIONS; RESPONSES AB The combined effects of water diversion and climate change are a major conservation challenge for freshwater ecosystems. In the Lemhi Basin, Idaho (U.S.A.), water diversion causes changes in streamflow, and climate change will further affect streamflow and temperature. Shifts in streamflow and temperature regimes can affect juvenile salmon growth, movement, and survival. We examined the potential effects of water diversion and climate change on juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), a species listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). To examine the effects for juvenile survival, we created a model relating 19 years of juvenile survival data to streamflow and temperature and found spring streamflow and summer temperature were good predictors of juvenile survival. We used these models to project juvenile survival for 15 diversion and climate-change scenarios. Projected survival was 42-58% lower when streamflows were diverted than when streamflows were undiverted. For diverted streamflows, 2040 climate-change scenarios (ECHO-G and CGCM3.1 T47) resulted in an additional 11-39% decrease in survival. We also created models relating habitat carrying capacity to streamflow and made projections for diversion and climate-change scenarios. Habitat carrying capacity estimated for diverted streamflows was 17-58% lower than for undiverted streamflows. Climate-change scenarios resulted in additional decreases in carrying capacity for the dry (ECHO-G) climate model. Our results indicate climate change will likely pose an additional stressor that should be considered when evaluating the effects of anthropogenic actions on salmon population status. Thus, this type of analysis will be especially important for evaluating effects of specific actions on a particular species. C1 [Walters, Annika W.; Bartz, Krista K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [McClure, Michelle M.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Walters, AW (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept 3166,1000 East Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM annika.walters@uwyo.edu RI McClure, Michelle/O-7853-2015 OI McClure, Michelle/0000-0003-4791-8719 FU National Research Council FX We thank T. Copeland, D. Venditti, J. Morrow, D. Arthaud, A. LaMontagne, K. Troyer, D. Holzer, H. Imaki, and A. Rea for data, advice, and help with analyses. E. Seney, D. Boughton, J. Jorgensen, C. Toole, E. Schott, P. Levin, L. Crozier, N. Munn, and 2 anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. A. W. W. was supported by a National Research Council postdoctoral research associateship. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1179 EP 1189 DI 10.1111/cobi.12170 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 259ZH UT WOS:000327564300007 PM 24299084 ER PT J AU Busch, DS Greene, CM Good, TP AF Busch, D. Shallin Greene, Correigh M. Good, Thomas P. TI Estimating Effects of Tidal Power Projects and Climate Change on Threatened and Endangered Marine Species and Their Food Web SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ocean acidification; Puget Sound; renewable energy; risk assessment; trophic interactions ID PUGET-SOUND; IMPACTS; COLLISION; MORTALITY AB Marine hydrokinetic power projects will operate as marine environments change in response to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. We considered how tidal power development and stressors resulting from climate change may affect Puget Sound species listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) and their food web. We used risk tables to assess the singular and combined effects of tidal power development and climate change. Tidal power development and climate change posed risks to ESA-listed species, and risk increased with incorporation of the effects of these stressors on predators and prey of ESA-listed species. In contrast, results of a model of strikes on ESA-listed species from turbine blades suggested that few ESA-listed species are likely to be killed by a commercial-scale tidal turbine array. We applied scenarios to a food web model of Puget Sound to explore the effects of tidal power and climate change on ESA-listed species using more quantitative analytical techniques. To simulate development of tidal power, we applied results of the blade strike model. To simulate environmental changes over the next 50 years, we applied scenarios of change in primary production, plankton community structure, dissolved oxygen, ocean acidification, and freshwater flooding events. No effects of tidal power development on ESA-listed species were detected from the food web model output, but the effects of climate change on them and other members of the food web were large. Our analyses exemplify how natural resource managers might assess environmental effects of marine technologies in ways that explicitly incorporate climate change and consider multiple ESA-listed species in the context of their ecological community. C1 [Busch, D. Shallin; Good, Thomas P.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Greene, Correigh M.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Busch, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM shallin.busch@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 77 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1190 EP 1200 DI 10.1111/cobi.12164 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 259ZH UT WOS:000327564300008 PM 24299085 ER PT J AU Jorgensen, JC McClure, MM Sheer, MB Munn, NL AF Jorgensen, Jeffrey C. McClure, Michelle M. Sheer, Mindi B. Munn, Nancy L. TI Combined Effects of Climate Change and Bank Stabilization on Shallow Water Habitats of Chinook Salmon SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chinook salmon; endangered species act; mainstem; riprap; riverbank stabilization; section 7 consultation; Willamette river ID COLUMBIA RIVER; WILLAMETTE RIVER; BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEMS; IMPACTS; REGIMES; RIPRAP; OREGON; FISH AB Significant challenges remain in the ability to estimate habitat change under the combined effects of natural variability, climate change, and human activity. We examined anticipated effects on shallow water over low-sloped beaches to these combined effects in the lower Willamette River, Oregon, an area highly altered by development. A proposal to stabilize some shoreline with large rocks (riprap) would alter shallow water areas, an important habitat for threatened Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and would be subject to U.S. Endangered Species Act-mandated oversight. In the mainstem, subyearling Chinook salmon appear to preferentially occupy these areas, which fluctuate with river stages. We estimated effects with a geospatial model and projections of future river flows. Recent (1999-2009) median river stages during peak subyearling occupancy (April-June) maximized beach shallow water area in the lower mainstem. Upstream shallow water area was maximized at lower river stages than have occurred recently. Higher river stages in April-June, resulting from increased flows predicted for the 2080s, decreased beach shallow water area 17-32%. On the basis of projected 2080s flows, more than 15% of beach shallow water area was displaced by the riprap. Beach shallow water area lost to riprap represented up to 1.6% of the total from the mouth to 12.9 km upstream. Reductions in shallow water area could restrict salmon feeding, resting, and refuge from predators and potentially reduce opportunities for the expression of the full range of life-history strategies. Although climate change analyses provided useful information, detailed analyses are prohibitive at the project scale for the multitude of small projects reviewed annually. The benefits of our approach to resource managers include a wider geographic context for reviewing similar small projects in concert with climate change, an approach to analyze cumulative effects of similar actions, and estimation of the actions' long-term effects. C1 [Jorgensen, Jeffrey C.; McClure, Michelle M.; Sheer, Mindi B.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Munn, Nancy L.] NOAA Fisheries, Habitat Conservat Div, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Jorgensen, JC (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jeff.jorgensen@noaa.gov RI McClure, Michelle/O-7853-2015 OI McClure, Michelle/0000-0003-4791-8719 NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1201 EP 1211 DI 10.1111/cobi.12168 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 259ZH UT WOS:000327564300009 PM 24299086 ER PT J AU Mcclure, MM Alexander, M Borggaard, D Boughton, D Crozier, L Griffis, R Jorgensen, JC Lindley, ST Nye, J Rowland, MJ Seney, EE Snover, A Toole, C Van Houtan, K AF Mcclure, Michelle M. Alexander, Michael Borggaard, Diane Boughton, David Crozier, Lisa Griffis, Roger Jorgensen, Jeffrey C. Lindley, Steven T. Nye, Janet Rowland, Melanie J. Seney, Erin E. Snover, Amy Toole, Christopher Van Houtan, Kyle TI Incorporating Climate Science in Applications of the U.S. Endangered Species Act for Aquatic Species SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; conservation planning; effects analysis; population models; recovery planning; risk assessment; vulnerability ID CHANGING CLIMATE; SOCKEYE-SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; RIVER-BASIN; IMPACTS; CONSERVATION; OCEAN; SCENARIOS; EVOLUTIONARY AB Aquatic species are threatened by climate change but have received comparatively less attention than terrestrial species. We gleaned key strategies for scientists and managers seeking to address climate change in aquatic conservation planning from the literature and existing knowledge. We address 3 categories of conservation effort that rely on scientific analysis and have particular application under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA): assessment of overall risk to a species; long-term recovery planning; and evaluation of effects of specific actions or perturbations. Fewer data are available for aquatic species to support these analyses, and climate effects on aquatic systems are poorly characterized. Thus, we recommend scientists conducting analyses supporting ESA decisions develop a conceptual model that links climate, habitat, ecosystem, and species response to changing conditions and use this model to organize analyses and future research. We recommend that current climate conditions are not appropriate for projections used in ESA analyses and that long-term projections of climate-change effects provide temporal context as a species-wide assessment provides spatial context. In these projections, climate change should not be discounted solely because the magnitude of projected change at a particular time is uncertain when directionality of climate change is clear. Identifying likely future habitat at the species scale will indicate key refuges and potential range shifts. However, the risks and benefits associated with errors in modeling future habitat are not equivalent. The ESA offers mechanisms for increasing the overall resilience and resistance of species to climate changes, including establishing recovery goals requiring increased genetic and phenotypic diversity, specifying critical habitat in areas not currently occupied but likely to become important, and using adaptive management. C1 [Mcclure, Michelle M.; Crozier, Lisa; Jorgensen, Jeffrey C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Alexander, Michael] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Borggaard, Diane] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Reg Off, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. [Boughton, David; Lindley, Steven T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Griffis, Roger; Seney, Erin E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Nye, Janet] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Rowland, Melanie J.] NOAA, Off Gen Counsel, Northwest Sect, Seattle, WA USA. [Rowland, Melanie J.] Melanie J Rowland Consulting, Twisp, WA 98856 USA. [Seney, Erin E.] Erin Seney Consulting LLC, Woodbridge, VA 22192 USA. [Snover, Amy] Univ Washington, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Toole, Christopher] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Van Houtan, Kyle] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Islands Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Van Houtan, Kyle] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Mcclure, MM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM michelle.mcclure@noaa.gov RI Lindley, Steven/G-3997-2014; McClure, Michelle/O-7853-2015; Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013; OI Lindley, Steven/0000-0001-9556-0411; McClure, Michelle/0000-0003-4791-8719; Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427; Van Houtan, Kyle/0000-0001-5725-1773 NR 64 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1222 EP 1233 DI 10.1111/cobi.12166 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 259ZH UT WOS:000327564300011 PM 24299088 ER PT J AU Kuriyama, K Hilger, J Hanemann, M AF Kuriyama, Koichi Hilger, James Hanemann, Michael TI A Random Parameter Model with Onsite Sampling for Recreation Site Choice: An Application to Southern California Shoreline Sportfishing SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Onsite sampling; Recreation demand; Random utility models; Random parameter logit; Recreational fishing ID ENDOGENOUS STRATIFICATION; TRUNCATION; REGRESSION; DEMAND AB Estimation of consistent parameter estimates for recreational demand models faces challenges arising from the choice-based nature of the data collected primarily for resource management purposes. As an alternative to randomized respondent-based sampling, choice-based onsite sampling can provide information on actual choices made by a subset of the population where participation has a low incidence. While the literature has shown that under specific restrictions the estimation of choice models from onsite sampling data yields unbiased fixed parameter estimates for the conditional logit model, this result does not carry over to estimation of the random parameter logit model. We propose an estimator for the unbiased estimation of the random parameter model using choice-based data; our estimator uses weights based on information about the level of sampling effort. An empirical application of the standard and weighted discrete choice RUM models to onsite sample data on recreational fishing illustrates the advantages of the proposed estimator. The estimation results indicate the compensating variation associated with an decrease, or increase, of 50 % in expected catch rates for a recreational shoreline sportfishing trip to a man-made structure in southern California is or per trip, respectively. C1 [Kuriyama, Koichi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Div Nat Resource Econ, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Hilger, James] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resource Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Hanemann, Michael] Arizona State Univ, Dept Econ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Hilger, J (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resource Div, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM james.hilger@noaa.gov OI Hilger, James/0000-0002-9495-3229 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0924-6460 EI 1573-1502 J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON JI Environ. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 56 IS 4 SI SI BP 481 EP 497 DI 10.1007/s10640-013-9640-4 PG 17 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 264CY UT WOS:000327855800003 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Hong, Y Wang, XG Gourley, JJ Gao, JD Vergara, HJ Yong, B AF Zhang, Yu Hong, Yang Wang, XuGuang Gourley, Jonathan J. Gao, JiDong Vergara, Humberto J. Yong, Bin TI Assimilation of Passive Microwave Streamflow Signals for Improving Flood Forecasting: A First Study in Cubango River Basin, Africa SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE AMSR-E; EnSRF; flood prediction; TRMM ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; SOIL-MOISTURE RETRIEVALS; OKAVANGO RIVER; HYDROLOGICAL MODEL; ANALYSIS SCHEMES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OPTIMIZATION; UNCERTAINTY; CALIBRATION; PATTERNS AB Floods are among the most frequently occurring and disastrous natural hazards in the world. The overarching goal of this study is to investigate the utility of passive microwave AMSR-E signal and TRMM based precipitation estimates in improving flood prediction at the sparsely gauged Cubango River Basin, Africa. This is accomplished by coupling a widely used conceptual rainfall-runoff hydrological model with Ensemble Square Root Filter (EnSRF) to account for uncertainty in both forcing data and model initial conditions. Three experiments were designed to quantify the contributions of the AMSR-E signal to the flood prediction accuracy, in comparison to the benchmark assimilation of in-situ streamflow observations, for both "Open Loop" and "Assimilation" modules. In general, the EnSRF assimilation of both in-situ observations and AMSR-E signal-converted-streamflow effectively improved streamflow modeling performance in terms of three statistical measures. In order to further investigate AMSR-E signals' contribution to extreme events prediction skill, the upper 10th percentile daily streamflow was taken as the threshold. Results show significantly improved skill and detectability of floods as well as reduced false alarm rates. Given the global availability of satellite-based precipitation from current TRMM and future GPM, together with soil moisture information from the current AMSR-E and future SMAP mission at near real-time, this "first attempt" study at a sparsely gauged African basin shows that opportunities exist for an integrated application of a suite of satellite data in improving flood forecasting worldwide by careful fusion of remote sensing and in-situ observations. C1 [Zhang, Yu; Hong, Yang; Vergara, Humberto J.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Zhang, Yu; Hong, Yang; Vergara, Humberto J.] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wang, XuGuang; Gao, JiDong] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wang, XuGuang] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.; Gao, JiDong] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Yong, Bin] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Wang, Xuguang/C-5458-2013; Yong, Bin/C-2257-2014; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016 OI Yong, Bin/0000-0003-1466-2091; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755 NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 20 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 EI 2151-1535 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 6 IS 6 BP 2375 EP 2390 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2251321 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 262FL UT WOS:000327719600006 ER PT J AU Wang, MH Son, SH Zhang, YL Shi, W AF Wang, Menghua Son, SeungHyun Zhang, Yunlin Shi, Wei TI Remote Sensing of Water Optical Property for China's Inland Lake Taihu Using the SWIR Atmospheric Correction With 1640 and 2130 nm Bands SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric correction; lakes; remote sensing; water pollution; water quality ID MODIS-AQUA MEASUREMENTS; SEA-ICE PROPERTIES; OCEAN COLOR; LEAVING RADIANCE; PHYTOPLANKTON ABSORPTION; SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; INFRARED BANDS; TURBID WATERS; REFLECTANCE AB Using the shortwave infrared (SWIR) atmospheric correction algorithm with 1640 and 2130 nm bands, water optical property data for China's inland freshwater Lake Taihu have been derived from measurements of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the satellite Aqua. Using MODIS-Aqua measurements from 2002 to 2010, seasonal and spatial distributions of the normalized water-leaving radiance nL(w)(lambda) spectra from visible to the near-infrared (NIR) and SWIR (1240 nm) are derived and used for study and characterization of Lake Taihu water optical properties. In particular, for the first time, spatial and seasonal variations of nL(w)(lambda) at the SWIR 1240 nm (nL(w)(1240)) are derived for the lake and show some different features from those of the red and NIR nL(w)(lambda) (nL(w)(645) and nL(w)(859)). Time series of monthly MODIS-derived nL(w)(lambda) spectra for Lake Taihu are obtained and analyzed, showing important seasonal and interannual variations. The results indicate that the SWIR nL(w)(1240) contributions in the lake are mainly due to the presence of significant amounts of algae, while the red and NIR nL(w)(lambda) variations result from changes of total suspended sediment (TSS) amounts in the water column. Furthermore, this study shows that all three SWIR bands at 1240, 1640, and 2130 nm are useful and required for satellite water quality remote sensing for extremely turbid near-shore and inland waters. C1 [Wang, Menghua; Son, SeungHyun; Shi, Wei] NOAA Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Son, SeungHyun; Shi, Wei] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Zhang, Yunlin] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, State Key Lab Lake Sci & Environm, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-QN312]; Major Projects on Control and Rectification of Water Body Pollution [2012ZX07101-010]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41271355, 40825004, 41230744] FX Manuscript received November 08, 2012; revised December 18, 2012; accepted January 22, 2013. Date of publication March 12, 2013; date of current version November 21, 2013. The in situ data collection in Lake Taihu (Y. Zhang) was jointly supported by the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-QN312), the Major Projects on Control and Rectification of Water Body Pollution (No. 2012ZX07101-010), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41271355, 40825004, and 41230744). (Corresponding author: M. Wang.) NR 57 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 30 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 EI 2151-1535 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 6 IS 6 BP 2505 EP 2516 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2243820 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 262FL UT WOS:000327719600019 ER PT J AU Garcia-Pineda, O MacDonald, IR Li, XF Jackson, CR Pichel, WG AF Garcia-Pineda, Oscar MacDonald, Ian R. Li, Xiaofeng Jackson, Christopher R. Pichel, William G. TI Oil Spill Mapping and Measurement in the Gulf of Mexico With Textural Classifier Neural Network Algorithm (TCNNA) SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Emergency response; image processing; neural network; oil spill; synthetic aperture radar AB We developed a Textural Classifier Neural Network Algorithm (TCNNA) to process Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data to map oil spills. The algorithm processes SAR data and wind model outputs (CMOD5) using a combination of two neural networks. The first neural network filters out areas of the image that do not need to be processed by flagging pixels as oil candidates; the second neural network performs a statistical textural analysis to differentiate between pixels of sea surface with or without floating oil. By combining the two neural networks, we are able to process a full resolution geotiff SAR image (16 bit, similar to 350 MB) in less than one minute on a conventional PC. The algorithm performs efficiently for all radar incidence angles when wind conditions are above 3 m/s. When low wind conditions are present, the performance of the neural network classification is limited, however the algorithm output allows the user to easily discard any elements of the classification and export the final product as a map of the water covered by oil. The results of this algorithm allowed us to process rapidly all of the images collected by Envisat during the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill event. By normalizing oil detections by the frequency that each area was sampled, we estimate that oil covered a mean daily area of 10,750 km(2) (with a total extent of 119,600 km(2) of the GOM surface waters), and approximately 1,300 km(2) of the Northern GOM shoreline was threatened by the presence of drifting oil. C1 [Garcia-Pineda, Oscar; MacDonald, Ian R.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, NESDIS, GST, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Jackson, Christopher R.] Global Ocean Associates, Alexandria, VA 22310 USA. [Pichel, William G.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Garcia-Pineda, O (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RI Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU NOAA-NESDIS [DG133E11SE2357] FX Manuscript received August 17, 2012; revised October 17, 2012; accepted December 28, 2012. Date of publication April 24, 2013; date of current version November 21, 2013. This project was supported by NOAA-NESDIS Grant DG133E11SE2357. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 28 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 EI 2151-1535 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 6 IS 6 BP 2517 EP 2525 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2244061 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 262FL UT WOS:000327719600020 ER PT J AU Sharma, D Motayed, A Krylyuk, S Li, QL Davydov, AV AF Sharma, Deepak Motayed, Abhishek Krylyuk, Sergiy Li, Qiliang Davydov, Albert V. TI Detection of Deep-Levels in Doped Silicon Nanowires Using Low-Frequency Noise Spectroscopy SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Deep-levels; field-effect transistor (FET); generation-recombination (G-R) noise; low-frequency noise (LFN); silicon nanowire (SiNW) ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; GOLD ACCEPTOR; GENERATION; ATOMS; SI; IMPURITIES; DIFFUSION; SPECTRUM; NICKEL AB We report detailed characterization of electrically-active deep-levels in doped Si nanowires (SiNWs) grown using catalyst-assisted vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) technique. Temperature-dependent low-frequency noise (LFN) spectroscopy was used to reveal the presence of generation-recombination related Lorentzian-type peaks along with 1/f -type noise in these NWs. In Ni-catalyzed SiNWs, the correlated LFN spectroscopy detected electrically active deep-levels with ionization energies of 0.42 eV for the n-type and 0.22 eV for the p-type SiNWs, respectively. In Au-catalyzed n- and p-type SiNWs, the energies of the deep-levels were estimated to be 0.44 and 0.38 eV, respectively. These values are in good agreement with the known ionization energies of deep-levels introduced by Ni and Au in Si. Associated trap concentrations and hole and electron capture cross sections were also estimated. This paper clearly indicated the presence of electrically active deep-levels associated with unintentional incorporation of catalyst atoms in the VLS-grown SiNWs. C1 [Sharma, Deepak; Li, Qiliang] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Sharma, Deepak; Motayed, Abhishek; Krylyuk, Sergiy; Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Motayed, Abhishek; Krylyuk, Sergiy] Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sharma, D (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM dsharma6@gmu.edu; abhishek.motayed@nist.gov; sergiy.krylyuk@nist.gov; qli6@gmu.edu; albert.davydov@nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695 FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-0112802] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant ECCS-0112802 to the University of Maryland, College Park, MA, USA. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor Z. Celik-Butler. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 28 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD DEC PY 2013 VL 60 IS 12 BP 4206 EP 4212 DI 10.1109/TED.2013.2285154 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 260HA UT WOS:000327584400035 ER PT J AU Hagwood, C Bernal, J Halter, M Elliott, J Brennan, T AF Hagwood, Charles Bernal, Javier Halter, Michael Elliott, John Brennan, Tegan TI Testing Equality of Cell Populations Based on Shape and Geodesic Distance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE Cells; energy; geodesics; hypothesis tests; minimum spanning tree; nearest neighbor; shape space. ID 2-SAMPLE TESTS; MULTIVARIATE AB Image cytometry has emerged as a valuable in vitro screening tool and advances in automated microscopy have made it possible to readily analyze large cellular populations of image data. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the viability of using cell shape to test equality of cell populations based on image data. Shape space theory is reviewed, from which differences between shapes can be quantified in terms of geodesic distance. Several multivariate nonparametric statistical hypothesis tests are adapted to test equality of cell populations. It is illustrated that geodesic distance can be a better feature than cell spread area and roundness in distinguishing between cell populations. Tests based on geodesic distance are able to detect natural perturbations of cells, whereas Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests based on area and roundness are not. C1 [Hagwood, Charles] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bernal, Javier] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Halter, Michael; Elliott, John] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brennan, Tegan] Harvard Univ, Inst Appl Computat Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hagwood, C (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hagwood@nist.gov; bernal@nist.gov; michael.halter@nist.gov; john.elliott@nist.gov; tbrennan01@fas.harvard.edu NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0278-0062 EI 1558-254X J9 IEEE T MED IMAGING JI IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging PD DEC PY 2013 VL 32 IS 12 BP 2230 EP 2237 DI 10.1109/TMI.2013.2278467 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 265TZ UT WOS:000327976100006 PM 23996542 ER PT J AU Jones, TT Van Houtan, KS Bostrom, BL Ostafichuk, P Mikkelsen, J Tezcan, E Carey, M Imlach, B Seminoff, JA AF Jones, T. Todd Van Houtan, Kyle S. Bostrom, Brian L. Ostafichuk, Peter Mikkelsen, Jon Tezcan, Emre Carey, Michael Imlach, Brittany Seminoff, Jeffrey A. TI Calculating the ecological impacts of animal-borne instruments on aquatic organisms SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE animal welfare; biotelemetry; cost of transport; hydrodynamic; permit; phenological mismatch; swim velocity; tagging; tracking ID LEATHERBACK TURTLES; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; SATELLITE TRACKING; HYDRODYNAMIC DRAG; FLOW SIMULATION; CHELONIA-MYDAS; SEA-TURTLES; PENGUINS; TRANSMITTER; DEVICES AB Animal-borne instruments provide researchers with valuable data to address important questions on wildlife ecology and conservation. However, these devices have known impacts on animal behaviour and energetics. Tags deployed on migrating animals may reduce reproductive output through increased energy demands or cause phenological mismatches of foraging and nesting events. For marine organisms, the only tagging guidelines that exist are based on lift and thrust impacts on birds - concepts that do not translate well to aquatic animals. Herein, we provide guidelines on assessing drag from animal-borne instruments and discuss the ecological impacts on marine organisms. Of particular concern is the effect of drag from instruments to the welfare of the animals and for the applicability of collected data to wild populations. To help understand how drag from electronic tags affects marine animals in the wild, we used marine turtles as model aquatic organisms and conducted wind tunnel experiments to measure the fluid drag of various marine turtle body types with and without commercially available electronic tags (e.g. satellite, TDR, video cameras). We quantified the drag associated with carrying biotelemetry devices of varying frontal area and design (squared or tear drop shaped) and generated contour plots depicting percentage drag increase as a framework for evaluating tag drag by scientists and wildlife managers. Then, using concepts of fluid dynamics, we derived a universal equation estimating drag impacts from instruments across marine taxa. The drag of the marine turtle casts was measured in wind speeds from 2 to 30ms(-1) (Re 30x10(4)-19x10(6)), equivalent to 01-19ms(-1) in seawater. The drag coefficient (C-D) of the marine turtles ranged from 011 to 022, which is typical of other large, air-breathing, marine vertebrates (008-026). The C-D of tags in reference to the turtle casts was 091018 and most tags caused minimal additional drag (<5%) to adult animals, but the same devices increased the drag for juveniles significantly (>100%). The sensitivity of aquatic animals to instrument drag is a dynamic relationship between the fluid flow patterns, or C-D, and the frontal area ratio of the animal and tag. In this paper, we have outlined methods for quantifying the drag costs from animal-borne instrumentation considering the instrument retention time (time to release from the animal) and the activity of the instrumented animal. With this valuable tool, researchers can quantify the drag costs from animal-borne instrumentation and choose appropriate tags for their intended study organism and question. Reducing drag will ultimately reduce the impact on the instrumented animals and lead to greater biological realism in the collected data. C1 [Jones, T. Todd; Van Houtan, Kyle S.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Jones, T. Todd; Bostrom, Brian L.; Imlach, Brittany] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC USA. [Ostafichuk, Peter; Mikkelsen, Jon; Tezcan, Emre] Univ British Columbia, Dept Mech Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada. [Carey, Michael] Michael Carey Photog, Bellingham, WA USA. [Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Jones, TT (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. EM todd.jones@noaa.gov OI Van Houtan, Kyle/0000-0001-5725-1773 FU NMFS; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia FX We thank the MECH 457 class (Capstone Design Program) in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia for design of the sting balances. We thank Damian Kayra for assistance running trials. We thank Glenn Jolly for technical assistance with the wind tunnel and study design. We also thank Sean Buxton and ErikWilson for electrical and machine assistance. We thank Wildlife Computers and Desert Star Inc. for donation of tags. Turtle carcasses were provided courtesy of National Marine Fisheries Service (Southwest Fisheries Science Center and Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center), University of British Columbia, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories and United States Fish and Wildlife Services. We thank Amy Hapeman (NOAA Fisheries), Sandy Mac-Pherson (USFWS), Ann Marie Lauritsen (USFWS), and many state agencies for data on permits and tagging. This manuscript was improved by a thorough review from Graeme Hays and an anonymous reviewer. ET was supported by a UBC Mechanical Engineering summer Co-op. The photograph in Fig. 3 is courtesy of Kristen Hart (USGS) with permission under NMFS Permit No. 13307-02, FL Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Marine Turtle Permit 176. This study was funded by the NMFS (OPR, SWFSC, PIFSC) and the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia. NR 42 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 4 IS 12 BP 1178 EP 1186 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12109 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 266BS UT WOS:000327997900009 ER PT J AU Liu, C Li, WY Wu, HB Lu, P Sang, K Sun, WW Chen, W Hong, Y Li, RX AF Liu, Chun Li, Weiyue Wu, Hangbin Lu, Ping Sang, Kai Sun, Weiwei Chen, Wen Hong, Yang Li, Rongxing TI Susceptibility evaluation and mapping of China's landslides based on multi-source data SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Landslide susceptibility; Empirical model; Historical landslide events; ANN; Hot spots ID REMOTE-SENSING DATA; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; GLOBAL LANDSLIDE; EARTHQUAKE; RAINFALL; MAPS; STABILITY; AVALANCHE; ZONATION; REGION AB Landslides are occurring more frequently in China under the conditions of extreme rainfall and changing climate, according to News reports. Landslide hazard assessment remains an international focus on disaster prevention and mitigation, and it is an important step for compiling and quantitatively characterizing landslide damages. This paper collected and analyzed the historical landslide events data of the past 60 years in China. Validated by the frequencies and distributions of landslides, nine key factors (lithology, convexity, slope gradient, slope aspect, elevation, soil property, vegetation coverage, flow, and fracture) are selected to construct landslide susceptibility (LS) empirical models by back-propagation artificial neural network method. By integrating landslide empirical models with surface multi-source geospatial and remote sensing data, this paper further performs a large-scale LS assessment throughout China. The resulting landslide hazard assessment map of China clearly illustrates the hot spots of the high landslide potential areas, mostly concentrated in the southwest. The study implements a complete framework of multi-source data collecting, processing, modeling, and synthesizing that fulfills the assessment of LS and provides a theoretical basis and practical guide for predicting and mitigating landslide disasters potentially throughout China. C1 [Liu, Chun; Li, Weiyue; Wu, Hangbin; Lu, Ping; Chen, Wen; Li, Rongxing] Tongji Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Sustainable Dev Applic, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. [Liu, Chun; Li, Weiyue; Wu, Hangbin; Lu, Ping; Sang, Kai; Sun, Weiwei] Tongji Univ, Coll Surveying & Geoinformat, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Li, Rongxing] Ohio State Univ, Mapping & GIS Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Li, WY (reprint author), Tongji Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Sustainable Dev Applic, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. EM 326lwy@tongji.edu.cn RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB733204]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41201380]; Key Laboratory of Advanced Engineering Surveying of NASMG [TJES1010]; Center of Spatial Information Science and Sustainable Development Applications, Tongji University FX The work described in this paper is funded by National Basic Research Program of China (Project No. 2013CB733204), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41201380) and Key Laboratory of Advanced Engineering Surveying of NASMG (TJES1010), and is also supported by the Center of Spatial Information Science and Sustainable Development Applications, Tongji University. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD DEC PY 2013 VL 69 IS 3 BP 1477 EP 1495 DI 10.1007/s11069-013-0759-y PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 264KH UT WOS:000327875400012 ER PT J AU Hallberg, R AF Hallberg, Robert TI Using a resolution function to regulate parameterizations of oceanic mesoscale eddy effects SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Ocean model; Eddy parameterization; Resolution function; Eddy permitting ID CIRCULATION MODELS; THICKNESS DIFFUSIVITY; PART I; EDDIES; VARIABILITY; TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT; FRICTION; CLOSURE; FLOW AB Mesoscale eddies play a substantial role in the dynamics of the ocean, but the dominant length-scale of these eddies varies greatly with latitude, stratification and ocean depth. Global numerical ocean models with spatial resolutions ranging from 1 degrees down to just a few kilometers include both regions where the dominant eddy scales are well resolved and regions where the model's resolution is too coarse for the eddies to form, and hence eddy effects need to be parameterized. However, common parameterizations of eddy effects via a Laplacian diffusion of the height of isopycnal surfaces (a Gent-McWilliams diffusivity) are much more effective at suppressing resolved eddies than in replicating their effects. A variant of the Phillips model of baroclinic instability illustrates how eddy effects might be represented in ocean models. The ratio of the first baroclinic deformation radius to the horizontal grid spacing indicates where an ocean model could explicitly simulate eddy effects; a function of this ratio can be used to specify where eddy effects are parameterized and where they are explicitly modeled. One viable approach is to abruptly disable all the eddy parameterizations once the deformation radius is adequately resolved; at the discontinuity where the parameterization is disabled, isopycnal heights are locally flattened on the one side while eddies grow rapidly off of the enhanced slopes on the other side, such that the total parameterized and eddy fluxes vary continuously at the discontinuity in the diffusivity. This approach should work well with various specifications for the magnitude of the eddy diffusivities. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hallberg, Robert] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Hallberg, R (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Robert.Hallberg@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 72 BP 92 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2013.08.007 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 258UN UT WOS:000327484300008 ER PT J AU Trossman, DS Arbic, BK Garner, ST Goff, JA Jayne, SR Metzger, EJ Wallcraft, AJ AF Trossman, David S. Arbic, Brian K. Garner, Stephen T. Goff, John A. Jayne, Steven R. Metzger, E. Joseph Wallcraft, Alan J. TI Impact of parameterized lee wave drag on the energy budget of an eddying global ocean model SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Drag; Lee wave; Energy budget; Momentum equations; Viscosity; Abyssal hills; Wind power input ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION; VERTICAL COORDINATE; GEOSTROPHIC TURBULENCE; INERTIAL MOTIONS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; WIND; DISSIPATION; BOUNDARIES; EDDIES; THERMOBARICITY AB The impact of parameterized topographic internal lee wave drag on the input and output terms in the total mechanical energy budget of a hybrid coordinate high-resolution global ocean general circulation model forced by winds and air-sea buoyancy fluxes is examined here. Wave drag, which parameterizes the generation of internal lee waves arising from geostrophic flow impinging upon rough topography, is included in the prognostic model, ensuring that abyssal currents and stratification in the model are affected by the wave drag. An inline mechanical (kinetic plus gravitational potential) energy budget including four dissipative terms (parameterized topographic internal lee wave drag, quadratic bottom boundary layer drag, vertical eddy viscosity, and horizontal eddy viscosity) demonstrates that wave drag dissipates less energy in the model than a diagnostic (offline) estimate would suggest, due to reductions in both the abyssal currents and stratification. The equator experiences the largest reduction in energy dissipation associated with wave drag in inline versus offline estimates. Quadratic bottom drag is the energy sink most affected globally by the presence of wave drag in the model; other energy sinks are substantially affected locally, but not in their global integrals. It is suggested that wave drag cannot be mimicked by artificially increasing the quadratic bottom drag because the energy dissipation rates associated with bottom drag are not spatially correlated with those associated with wave drag where the latter are small. Additionally, in contrast to bottom drag, wave drag is a non-local energy sink. All four aforementioned dissipative terms contribute substantially to the total energy dissipation rate of about one terawatt. The partial time derivative of potential energy (non-zero since the isopycnal depths have a long adjustment time), the surface advective fluxes of potential energy, the rate of change of potential energy due to diffusive mass fluxes, and the conversion between internal energy and potential energy also play a non-negligible role in the total mechanical energy budget. Reasons for the <10% total mechanical energy budget imbalance are discussed. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Trossman, David S.; Arbic, Brian K.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Garner, Stephen T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Goff, John A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Jayne, Steven R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Metzger, E. Joseph; Wallcraft, Alan J.] Naval Res Lab NRL SSC, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Trossman, DS (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dtross@umich.edu OI Arbic, Brian K/0000-0002-7969-2294 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE-09607820]; Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-11-1-0487]; ONR [N00014-07-1-0392, N00014-09-1-1003]; NSF [OCE-0960756]; Office of Naval Research [0602435N] FX The authors of this study would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions which led to a much improved manuscript. D. S. Trossman and B. K. Arbic gratefully acknowledge support from National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant OCE-09607820 and Office of Naval Research (ONR) Grant N00014-11-1-0487. B. K. Arbic and J.A. Goff gratefully acknowledge support from ONR Grants N00014-07-1-0392 and N00014-09-1-1003. S. R. Jayne gratefully acknowledges support from NSF Grant OCE-0960756. A.J. Wallcraft and E. J. Metzger gratefully acknowledge the "6.2 Eddy Resolving Global Ocean Prediction Including Tides'' project sponsored by the Office of Naval Research under program element 0602435N. D. S. Trossman and B. K. Arbic would like to thank Eric Kunze and Kurt Polzin for insightful discussions regarding observations in regions where lee wave drag is likely to occur, and Robert Hallberg and Stephen Griffies for useful discussions about the total mechanical energy budget of an ocean model. Grants of computer time were provided by the Department of Defense (DoD) High Performance Computing Modernization Program. The simulations were performed on the SGI Altix Ice at the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center DoD Supercomputing Resource Center in Vicksburg, MS. This is Naval Research Laboratory contribution NRL/JA/7320-12-1208 and has been approved for public release. NR 87 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 72 BP 119 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2013.08.006 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 258UN UT WOS:000327484300010 ER PT J AU Baker, CS Hutt, A Thompson, K Dalebout, ML Robins, J Brownell, RL Stone, GS AF Baker, C. S. Hutt, A. Thompson, K. Dalebout, M. L. Robins, J. Brownell, R. L., Jr. Stone, G. S. TI Species identity and human consumption of beaked whales in the Gilbert Islands, Republic of Kiribati SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE molecular taxonomy; DNA surveillance; biodiversity; subsistence; marine bushmeat ID MOLECULAR TAXONOMY; DNA; ZIPHIIDAE; SURVEILLANCE; EXTRACTION; PORPOISES; CETACEA; PACIFIC; BYCATCH AB We investigated the species identity and local use of cetaceans on the Gilbert Islands, Republic of Kiribati. Working with the Kiribati Ministry of Environment, Lands and Agricultural Development and Fisheries Division, we visited the islands of Tarawa, Tabiteuea (North), Butaritari and Onotoa from June to July 2009, and collected 24 bones, bone fragments or teeth attributed to recent strandings. The mitochondrial DNA control region or cytochrome b was successfully amplified from 12 bones or bone fragments and used to identify four species: Mesoplodonsp. representing a new species or subspecies of beaked whale, the dense-beaked whale Mesoplodon densirostris, Cuvier's beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris and the pygmy sperm whale Kogia breviceps. This is the first confirmed identification of the dense-beaked, Cuvier's and pygmy sperm whales from the Gilbert Islands. All specimens were reportedly used for human consumption. C1 [Baker, C. S.] Oregon State Univ, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Baker, C. S.; Thompson, K.] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Hutt, A.] Dept Conservat, Akaroa, New Zealand. [Dalebout, M. L.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Robins, J.] Univ Auckland, Dept Anthropol, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Brownell, R. L., Jr.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA USA. [Stone, G. S.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. RP Baker, CS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM scott.baker@oregonstate.edu RI Thompson, Kirsten/H-6811-2014 OI Thompson, Kirsten/0000-0003-4277-3549 FU National Geographic Society [7858-05]; Pew Marine Conservation Fellowship FX We thank the many members of the Kiribati Ministry of Environment, Lands and Agricultural Development (MELAD) and the Fisheries Division for their assistance with the surveys of the Gilbert Islands. We also thank Sue Taei, Michael Donoghue, and Rochelle Constantine for their interest and assistance with the project; Craig Millar, Shane Lavery, Matt Goddard, and Jo Putteril for access to laboratory facilities; and Patty Rosel for review of an earlier draft of the paper. Roger Grace provided details of his visit to Tabiteuea Island and the whale meat collected in July 2003. This research was supported by Grant # 7858-05 to CSB from the National Geographic Society. The final analysis and preparation of the paper was supported in part by a Pew Marine Conservation Fellowship to CSB for study of 'A Pattern of Dolphins' in Oceania. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1367-9430 EI 1469-1795 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 16 IS 6 BP 641 EP 647 DI 10.1111/acv.12039 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257JI UT WOS:000327379200008 ER PT J AU Seung, CK Lew, DK AF Seung, Chang K. Lew, Daniel K. TI Accounting for variation in exogenous shocks in economic impact modeling SO ANNALS OF REGIONAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; RECREATION; ALASKA AB To increase confidence in results from a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, modelers often conduct sensitivity analysis to better understand the impact of uncertainty or variations in underlying assumptions and parameter values on results. However, CGE modelers have paid little attention to variations in input (i.e., policy changes or exogenous shocks). Recently, a few input-output studies consider sources of input variations, but focus on addressing a single source of variation and, therefore, ignore the interactions (and cumulative effects) among them. In this study, we propose methods for calculating the range (confidence intervals) of impacts from input variations within a CGE framework, explicitly accounting for multiple sources of input variations. To illustrate our approach, we use, as an example, recreational fisheries in Alaska, and estimate confidence intervals of economic impacts from regulatory changes. In doing so, we consider two important sources of input variation driving the impacts: (i) sample variation in recreational fishing-related expenditures, which is estimated using bootstrapping approach and (ii) stochastic variation from the parameters in the recreation demand model, which is estimated using a simulation-based approach. Results show that confidence bounds on total economic impacts calculated while only accounting for the first type of variation (sample variation) are much narrower than the confidence bounds on the impacts when we account for both sample and stochastic variation in model inputs. C1 [Seung, Chang K.; Lew, Daniel K.] NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lew, Daniel K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Seung, CK (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Chang.Seung@noaa.gov; Dan.Lew@noaa.gov OI Lew, Daniel/0000-0002-3394-138X NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0570-1864 EI 1432-0592 J9 ANN REGIONAL SCI JI Ann. Reg. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 BP 711 EP 730 DI 10.1007/s00168-012-0550-0 PG 20 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Geography SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA 254AT UT WOS:000327133100006 ER PT J AU Harris, MS Sautter, LR Johnson, KL Luciano, KE Sedberry, GR Wright, EE Siuda, ANS AF Harris, M. Scott Sautter, Leslie Reynolds Johnson, Kacey L. Luciano, Katherine E. Sedberry, George R. Wright, Eric E. Siuda, Amy N. S. TI Continental shelf landscapes of the southeastern United States since the last interglacial SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Last Glacial Maximum; MIS 3; Younger Dryas; Sea level; Marine spatial planning; South Atlantic Bight ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; SOUTH-CAROLINA USA; GLACIAL MAXIMUM; LATE PLEISTOCENE; QUATERNARY CLIMATES; GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK; EROSION RATES; INNER SHELF; ICE VOLUMES AB The wide, sediment-starved continental shelf and modern coastal areas of the southeastern United States retain well-preserved but scattered remnants of a submerged paleolandscape. This paper presents a conceptual model of stratigraphic deposition and landscape formation since the last interglacial on the continental shelf of South Carolina, with portions of North Carolina, Georgia, and Florida (USA). Data for this study include multibeam bathymetry surveys, sidescan sonar mosaics, high-resolution subbottom profiles, and ground-truth surveys from -250 m to the modern tidewater region. Four bathymetric zones are recognized with eleven landforms and landform indicators. The described zones range in depths from the modern shoreline, across the shelf, and over the shelf edge to -250 m MSL Relative sea level curves are presented for the area and discussed in conjunction with cultural and climatic events. The potential for preservation of Paleoamerican sites is high at the shelf edge between -130 m and -45 m, with Archaic and later occupations likely in depths of less than -25 m. Prominent vantage points for Paleoamericans (>11 kya) would have existed at the shelf edge, and tidewater resources would have been available nearby for a period of almost 6 ka. Rapid transgression rates (>60 km/ka) after the sea level rose over the shelf edge make preservation of tidewater sites less likely on the outer and middle shelf. Searches for the earliest Paleoamericans should focus on promontories at the edge of the shelf and along future discoveries of paleoincisions on the shelf. Mapping and delineating this paleolandscape and associated unconsolidated sedimentary deposits interspersed with rocky plains and ledges will continue to be a priority to marine archeologists, coastal managers, fishery scientists, and marine spatial planners over the next several decades. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Harris, M. Scott; Sautter, Leslie Reynolds; Johnson, Kacey L.] Coll Charleston, Dept Geol & Environm Geosci, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. [Luciano, Katherine E.] Coll Charleston, Masters Environm Studies Program, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. [Sedberry, George R.] NOAA, Grays Reef Natl Marine Sanctuary, Savannah, GA USA. [Wright, Eric E.] Coastal Carolina Univ, Dept Marine Sci, Conway, SC USA. [Siuda, Amy N. S.] Sea Educ Assoc, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Harris, MS (reprint author), Coll Charleston, Dept Geol & Environm Geosci, 66 George St, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. EM HarrisS@cofc.edu FU NOAA Ocean Exploration [NA060AR4600095]; South Carolina Sea Grant [NA100AR4170073]; US Geological Survey; College of Charleston FX The authors would like to thank the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and South Carolina Department of Natural Resources for access to data used in this paper. Funding was provided for some of the work through NOAA Ocean Exploration grant NA060AR4600095 (G.R. Sedberiy, Principal Investigator), South Carolina Sea Grant award NA100AR4170073 (L Sautter, G. Sancho, and M. Harris), the US Geological Survey, and the College of Charleston. Many thanks go to the Captains and crew of the Corwith Cramer of the Sea Education Association and the NOAA Ship Nancy Foster for working so closely with the many undergraduates who have worked in the BEAMS Program at CofC Alice Orton and Nancy Soderberg of the USGS, Woods Hole group, helped greatly in obtaining scans of RN Fay data from the 1976 cruises. The manuscript was greatly improved with the help of the Special Issue Editor Dr. Kim Cohen and reviews by Dr. Sytze van Heteren, an anonymous reviewer, and Maria Jacobsen. The use of trade names does not imply endorsement of a particular piece of equipment or software. NR 108 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 203 SI SI BP 6 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.02.014 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 259YK UT WOS:000327562000002 ER PT J AU Paine, SN Turner, DD AF Paine, Scott N. Turner, David D. TI Processing and Calibration of Submillimeter Fourier Transform Radiometer Spectra From the RHUBC-II Campaign SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Fourier transform spectrometry; radiometric calibration; submillimeter radiometry ID NITROGEN AB The Radiative Heating in Underexplored Bands Campaign-II, conducted in 2009 from a high-altitude site in northern Chile, combined ground-based radiometry with radiosonde measurements of atmospheric state, for the purpose of testing atmospheric radiation models under conditions strongly influenced by water vapor in the middle to upper troposphere. A suite of broadband Fourier transform spectrometers (FTSs) measured the entire terrestrial thermal radiance spectrum from 1000- to 3.3-mu m wavelength. The submillimeter portion of the spectrum, from 1000 to 85 mu m (300-3500 GHz) was covered by a polarizing FTS referred to as the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) FTS. Here, we describe data processing and radiometric calibration algorithms for this instrument. These include correction of interferograms for periodic sampled lag error, development of a temperature-dependent instrument calibration model, and principal component analysis of the complete set of spectra acquired during the campaign. C1 [Paine, Scott N.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Paine, SN (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM spaine@cfa.harvard.edu; dave.turner@noaa.gov OI Paine, Scott/0000-0003-4622-5857 FU Climate and Environmental Sciences Division, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Office of Science; Smithsonian Institution FX The Radiative Heating in Underexplored Bands Campaign-II (RHUBC-II) campaign was organized as part of the U. S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program, which is sponsored by the Climate and Environmental Sciences Division, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Office of Science. Additional support for the SAO FTS was provided by the Smithsonian Institution. The authors would like to thank the entire RHUBC-II team, particularly R. Cageao, A. Carrizo, J. Delamere, M. Diaz, G. Farnsworth, H. Li, E. Mlawer, K. Nitschke, L. Palchetti, D. Tobin, and M. Wojcik, for their efforts on deployment, continuous operation, and calibration of the SAO FTS for the duration of RHUBC-II; R. Blundell and J. Kawamura for their support of the SAO FTS redeployment; and R. Kimberk for useful discussions. Additional information on the RHUBC-II experiment can be found at http://acrf-campaign.arm.gov/rhubc. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2013 VL 51 IS 12 BP 5187 EP 5198 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2231869 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 259VE UT WOS:000327553600001 ER PT J AU Ma, XF Zangmeister, CD Gigault, J Mulholland, GW Zachariah, MR AF Ma, Xiaofei Zangmeister, Christopher D. Gigault, Julien Mulholland, George W. Zachariah, Michael R. TI Soot aggregate restructuring during water processing SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Differential mobility analyzer; Aerosol particle mass analyzer; Mass-mobility scaling exponent; Light scattering; Capillary force; XPS ID PARTICLE MASS ANALYZER; DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; GRAPHENE OXIDE; OXIDATION-KINETICS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; SULFURIC-ACID; SIZE; CONDENSATION AB Soot aggregate restructuring is explored in laboratory prepared soot particles upon exposure to high humidity environment followed by rapid water evaporation. Soot was generated in a Santoro style ethylene diffusion burner, and condensation of water on the soot particles was realized in a temperature-controlled water growth tube. The structure transformation of soot particles under different humidity conditions was monitored using a Differential Mobility Analyzer - Aerosol Particle Mass Analyzer (DMA-APM) and Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (TDMA) methods. The primary measured properties were mass-mobility scaling exponent, particle mass and mobility size before and after processing. A critical saturation ratio was observed above which aggregate restructuring occurred. The morphological change was visualized by taking electron microscopic images. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis found that the chemical structures of different processed soot were indistinguishable. To assess if soot collapse occurred during water condensation or evaporation, water-coated soot was directly injected into water, where multi-angle light scattering showed that the structure was uncollapsed. This result indicates that soot restructuring driven by capillary forces occurs during evaporation, not condensation. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ma, Xiaofei; Mulholland, George W.; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ma, Xiaofei; Mulholland, George W.; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ma, Xiaofei; Mulholland, George W.; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ma, Xiaofei; Zangmeister, Christopher D.; Gigault, Julien; Mulholland, George W.; Zachariah, Michael R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 EI 1879-1964 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 66 BP 209 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2013.08.001 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 256BW UT WOS:000327285700017 ER PT J AU Lee, SK Mechoso, CR Wang, CZ Neelin, JD AF Lee, Sang-Ki Mechoso, Carlos R. Wang, Chunzai Neelin, J. David TI Interhemispheric Influence of the Northern Summer Monsoons on Southern Subtropical Anticyclones SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Hadley circulation; Stationary waves; Monsoons ID STATIONARY WAVES; OROGRAPHIC INFLUENCES; TROPICAL CIRCULATION; MODEL; STRATOCUMULUS; PROPAGATION; MAINTENANCE; ATMOSPHERE; MECHANISMS; CYCLE AB The southern subtropical anticyclones are notably stronger in austral winter than summer, particularly over the Atlantic and Indian Ocean basins. This is in contrast with the Northern Hemisphere (NH), in which subtropical anticyclones are more intense in summer according to the monsoon heating paradigm. To better understand the winter intensification of southern subtropical anticyclones, the present study explores the interhemispheric response to monsoon heating in the NH during austral winter. A specially designed suite of numerical model experiments is performed in which summer monsoons in the NH are artificially weakened. These experiments are performed with both an atmospheric general circulation model and a simple two-layer model. The highlight of the findings presented here is that during the boreal summer enhanced tropical convection activity in the NH plays important roles in either maintaining or strengthening the southern subtropical anticyclones. Enhanced NH convection largely associated with the major summer monsoons produces subsidence over the equatorial oceans and the tropical Southern Hemisphere via interhemispheric meridional overturning circulations and increases the sea level pressure locally. In addition, suppressed convection over some regions of climatological subsidence produces stationary barotropic Rossby waves that propagate far beyond the tropics. These stationary barotropic Rossby waves and those forced directly by the summer heating in the NH are spatially phased to strengthen the southern subtropical anticyclones over all three oceans. The interhemispheric response to the NH summer monsoons is most dramatic in the South Pacific, where the subtropical anticyclone nearly disappears in the austral winter without the influence of the NH. C1 [Lee, Sang-Ki] Univ Miami, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lee, Sang-Ki; Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Mechoso, Carlos R.; Neelin, J. David] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Lee, SK (reprint author), Univ Miami, CIMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM sang-ki.lee@noaa.gov RI Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU National Science Foundation (NSF); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Climate Program Office; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) FX We thank three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and suggestions, which led to a significant improvement of the paper. We also would like to thank Teresa Losada, Xiao Heng, and Xuan Ji for their helpful comments and contributions through our science discussions between the University of Miami and UCLA, and Marlos Goes and George Halliwell for their useful comments and suggestions. This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Climate Program Office, and by the base funding of NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML). NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 26 IS 24 BP 10193 EP 10204 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00106.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 259YH UT WOS:000327561700018 ER PT J AU Han, GJ Wu, XR Zhang, SQ Liu, ZY Li, W AF Han, Guijun Wu, Xinrong Zhang, Shaoqing Liu, Zhengyu Li, Wei TI Error Covariance Estimation for Coupled Data Assimilation Using a Lorenz Atmosphere and a Simple Pycnocline Ocean Model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Coupled models; Data assimilation ID ENSEMBLE DATA ASSIMILATION; PREDICTION MODEL; KALMAN FILTER; INFLATION; CLIMATE; IMPACT; ADJUSTMENT AB Coupled data assimilation uses a coupled model consisting of multiple time-scale media to extract information from observations that are available in one or more media. Because of the instantaneous exchanges of information among the coupled media, coupled data assimilation is expected to produce self-consistent and physically balanced coupled state estimates and optimal initialization for coupled model predictions. It is also expected that applying coupling error covariance between two media into observational adjustments in these media can provide direct observational impacts crossing the media and thereby improve the assimilation quality. However, because of the different time scales of variability in different media, accurately evaluating the error covariance between two variables residing in different media is usually very difficult. Using an ensemble filter together with a simple coupled model consisting of a Lorenz atmosphere and a pycnocline ocean model, which characterizes the interaction of multiple time-scale media in the climate system, the impact of the accuracy of coupling error covariance on the quality of coupled data assimilation is studied. Results show that it requires a large ensemble size to improve the assimilation quality by applying coupling error covariance in an ensemble coupled data assimilation system, and the poorly estimated coupling error covariance may otherwise degrade the assimilation quality. It is also found that a fast-varying medium has more difficulty being improved using observations in slow-varying media by applying coupling error covariance because the linear regression from the observational increment in slow-varying media has difficulty representing the high-frequency information of the fast-varying medium. C1 [Han, Guijun; Wu, Xinrong; Li, Wei] Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, State Ocean Adm, Key Lab Marine Environm Informat Technol, Tianjin 300171, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Shaoqing] Princeton Univ, NOAA GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Liu, Zhengyu] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climate Res, Madison, WI USA. [Liu, Zhengyu] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Liu, Zhengyu] Peking Univ, Lab Ocean Atmosphere Studies, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Han, GJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, 93 Liuwei Rd, Tianjin 300171, Peoples R China. EM gjhan@mail.nmdis.gov.cn FU National Basic Research Program [2013CB430304]; National Natural Science Foundation [41030854, 41106005, 41176003, 41206178]; National High-Tech RD Program [2013AA09A505]; National Polar Science Strategic Research Foundation of China [20100209]; NSF Grant of the United States [0968383] FX This research is cosponsored by the grants of the National Basic Research Program (2013CB430304), National Natural Science Foundation (41030854, 41106005, 41176003, and 41206178), National High-Tech R&D Program (2013AA09A505), and National Polar Science Strategic Research Foundation (20100209) of China. This research is also sponsored by the NSF Grant of the United States (0968383). NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 26 IS 24 BP 10218 EP 10231 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00236.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 259YH UT WOS:000327561700019 ER PT J AU Noren, DP Budge, SM Iverson, SJ Goebel, ME Costa, DP Williams, TM AF Noren, Dawn P. Budge, Suzanne M. Iverson, Sara J. Goebel, Michael E. Costa, Daniel P. Williams, Terrie M. TI Characterization of blubber fatty acid signatures in northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) over the postweaning fast SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Blubber; Catabolism; Fasting; Fatty acid; Marine mammal; Mobilization ID ADIPOSE-TISSUE; SELECTIVE MOBILIZATION; DIFFERENTIAL MOBILIZATION; BALAENOPTERA-PHYSALUS; PHOCA-GROENLANDICA; MIGRATORY BIRDS; WEDDELL SEALS; RACCOON DOG; PUPS; METABOLISM AB Phocids routinely fast for extended periods. During these fasts, energetic requirements are met primarily through the catabolism of blubber lipid. To assess whether fatty acid (FA) composition changes during the postweaning fast in northern elephant seals, blubber biopsies were acquired longitudinally from 43 pups at 2.3 +/- A 1.5 and 55.2 +/- A 3.7 days postweaning in 1999 and 2000. At weaning, short-chain monounsaturated FA (SC-MUFA, a parts per thousand currency sign18 carbons) dominated the blubber while saturated FA (SFA) were found in the next highest proportion. The major FA (all a parts per thousand yen1 % by mass) comprised approximately 91 % of total blubber FA. In both years, 18:1n-9 and 16:0 were the most prevalent FA. Major FA mobilized during the fast consisted of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), SFA, and SC-MUFA. Long-chain MUFA (> 18 carbons) tended to be conserved. The fractional mobilization value of 20:5n-3 was the highest, resulting in significant reductions of this PUFA. Although concentrations of some blubber FA changed significantly during the postweaning fast, the general FA signature of blubber was similar at weaning and near the end of the fast. Changes in some FA differed across years. For example, the concentration of 20:4n-6, a minor PUFA, was significantly reduced in 1999 but not in 2000. FA mobilization patterns in northern elephant seal pups are somewhat similar to those reported previously for other fasting phocids and terrestrial mammals, though there are some notable differences. Differences in FA mobilization patterns across mammalian species may be related to differences in diets, geographical distribution, environmental factors, physiological adaptations, and life history stage. C1 [Noren, Dawn P.; Costa, Daniel P.; Williams, Terrie M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Noren, Dawn P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Conservat Biol Div, NOAA NMFS Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98117 USA. [Budge, Suzanne M.] Dalhousie Univ, Canadian Inst Fisheries Technol, Halifax, NS B3J 2X4, Canada. [Iverson, Sara J.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. [Goebel, Michael E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Noren, DP (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Conservat Biol Div, NOAA NMFS Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98117 USA. EM dawn.noren@noaa.gov FU American Museum of Natural History; Friends of Long Marine Laboratory; University of California Natural Reserve System; National Science Foundation [OPP-9909862, OPP-9500072]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research council (NSERC) of Canada; NSF [9730462] FX D. Crocker, P. Webb, S. Hayes, J. Burns, and many graduate and undergraduate students provided assistance in the field. The rangers and staff at Ano Nuevo State Reserve, California State Park were invaluable to the completion of the project. J. Pettinger and A. Banks provided assistance in the laboratory at the University of California, Santa Cruz; and S. Lang, C. Beck and others provided assistance in the laboratory at Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia. This project was supported by grants to D. P. Noren from the American Museum of Natural History (Lerner-Gray Fund for Marine Research), Friends of Long Marine Laboratory, and University of California Natural Reserve System (Mildred E. Mathias Graduate Student Research Grant). Further support was provided by National Science Foundation grants to T. M. Williams (OPP-9909862) and to D. P. Costa and M. E. Goebel (OPP-9500072). Grants to S. J. Iverson through the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research council (NSERC) of Canada provided additional support. D. P. Noren was supported in part by NSF grant 9730462 to H. Kibak and D. P. Costa and by a Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need Fellowship, Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC). A portion of this work was performed while D. P. Noren was a National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associate at the National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington. All procedures comply with the current laws of the United States of America. Research was approved by the Chancellor's Animal Research Committee (UCSC) and conducted under U. S. National Marine Fisheries Service permit 836. Two anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments on the manuscript. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0174-1578 EI 1432-136X J9 J COMP PHYSIOL B JI J. Comp. Physiol. B-Biochem. Syst. Environ. Physiol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 183 IS 8 BP 1065 EP 1074 DI 10.1007/s00360-013-0773-0 PG 10 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 257SJ UT WOS:000327406200006 PM 23925408 ER PT J AU Eriksson, SM Mackey, EA Lindstrom, RM Lamaze, GP Grogan, KP Brady, DE AF Eriksson, Sofia M. Mackey, Elizabeth A. Lindstrom, Richard M. Lamaze, George P. Grogan, Kelly P. Brady, Dennis E. TI Delayed-neutron activation analysis at NIST SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Activation analysis; Delayed neutrons; Fissile measurement; Nuclear forensics; Uranium determination ID NUCLEAR-MATERIALS; SAFEGUARDS AB An automated delayed-neutron activation analysis system has been installed at the NIST research reactor. This work involved characterization of the transfer time of the system, evaluation of blanks, and tests of the system's analytical capabilities through quantitative analysis for uranium in several natural matrix standard reference materials (SRMs). The calibration curve was shown to be linear up to at least 20 mu g of uranium, and the well-thermalized reactor irradiation position makes the system insensitive to thorium and oxygen. For SRMs 1646a Estuarine Sediment and 2710a Montana Soil the values determined for this work agree with the reference and certified values, respectively. The mass fraction of uranium in SRM 695 Multi-Nutrient Fertilizer is the first reported for this material. For this system and the irradiation, transfer, and counting times used, the limit of detection for natural uranium is 20 ng, which corresponds to approximately 200 pg of U-235. C1 [Eriksson, Sofia M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mackey, Elizabeth A.; Lindstrom, Richard M.; Lamaze, George P.; Grogan, Kelly P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brady, Dennis E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20988 USA. RP Lindstrom, RM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8395, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM richard.lindstrom@nist.gov NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 298 IS 3 BP 1819 EP 1822 DI 10.1007/s10967-013-2568-x PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 255OA UT WOS:000327248400045 ER PT J AU Kellar, NM Trego, ML Chivers, SJ Archer, FI AF Kellar, Nicholas M. Trego, Marisa L. Chivers, Susan J. Archer, Fredrick I. TI Pregnancy patterns of pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata) in the eastern tropical Pacific determined from hormonal analysis of blubber biopsies and correlations with the purse-seine tuna fishery SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED HEAT-STRESS; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; REPRODUCTIVE OUTPUT; OVARIAN-FUNCTION; DAIRY-CATTLE; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; POPULATIONS; CALVES; HYPOTHESES AB The northeastern offshore population of the pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata) in the eastern tropical Pacific remains listed as depleted under the Marine Mammal Protection Act, and recent estimates of abundance show that recovery has been slow. One hypothesis for the slow recovery is that continued chase and encirclement by the tuna fishery negatively affects reproduction. Insufficient life-history sampling in this region over the last two decades makes traditional estimates of reproductive rates impossible. Here, we examine the current reproductive patterns of these dolphins by measuring blubber progesterone (BP) concentrations in biopsy samples to assess pregnancy state. BP was quantified in 212 biopsies from female offshore spotted dolphins sampled between 1998 and 2003 in the northeastern tropical Pacific, and we found that 11.5 % of the biopsied females (mature and immature) were pregnant. The relationship between pregnancy and fishery exposure was analyzed, and we found that pregnant females were exposed to significantly less fishery activity than non-pregnant ones (p = 0.022), suggesting that the fishery may have an inhibitive effect on pregnancy. Spatial analysis indicated that pregnancy was more aggregated than random (p < 0.05) at a scale up to 180-nmi, with the highest proportion pregnant in the mouth of the Gulf of California, an area with relatively low reported fishery activity. C1 [Kellar, Nicholas M.; Trego, Marisa L.; Chivers, Susan J.; Archer, Fredrick I.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Trego, Marisa L.] Ocean Associates Inc, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. RP Kellar, NM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Resources Div, 8601 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM nmkellar@gmail.com FU NOAA Fisheries under the International Dolphin Conservation Program Act FX We like to thank our amazing marine mammal observers and field personnel, especially Juan Carlos Salinas and Ernesto Vazquez, for obtaining many of the biopsies used in this study. Additional thanks go to the crew and officers of the NOAA ships David Star Jordan and the McArthur II for their adept service over these years. Also this project would not have been possible save for the tireless efforts of the tuna boat observers, who over many years brought home quality data despite arduous working conditions. Finally, we thank Wayne Perryman and Bill Perrin for their insightful recommendations of both the research and this manuscript. This research was funded by NOAA Fisheries under the International Dolphin Conservation Program Act. NR 73 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 160 IS 12 BP 3113 EP 3124 DI 10.1007/s00227-013-2299-0 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 257TB UT WOS:000327408400007 ER PT J AU Petrou, EL Hauser, L Waples, RS Seeb, JE Templin, WD Gomez-Uchida, D Seeb, LW AF Petrou, E. L. Hauser, L. Waples, R. S. Seeb, J. E. Templin, W. D. Gomez-Uchida, D. Seeb, L. W. TI Secondary contact and changes in coastal habitat availability influence the nonequilibrium population structure of a salmonid (Oncorhynchus keta) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chum salmon; glaciation; isolation by distance; population genetics; single nucleotide polymorphisms ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; CHUM SALMON; WESTERN ALASKA; PACIFIC SALMON; GENE FLOW; RELATIVE INFLUENCES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; NORTH-AMERICA; F-STATISTICS AB Numerous empirical studies have reported lack of migration-drift equilibrium in wild populations. Determining the causes of nonequilibrium population structure is challenging because different evolutionary processes acting at a variety of spatiotemporal scales can produce similar patterns. Studies of contemporary populations in northern latitudes suggest that nonequilibrium population structure is probably caused by recent colonization of the region after the last Pleistocene ice age ended similar to 13000years ago. The chum salmon's (Oncorhynchus keta) range was fragmented by dramatic environmental changes during the Pleistocene. We investigated the population structure of chum salmon on the North Alaska Peninsula (NAP) and, using both empirical data and simulations, evaluated the effects of colonization timing and founder population heterogeneity on patterns of genetic differentiation. We screened 161 single nucleotide polymorphisms and found evidence of nonequilibrium population structure when the slope of the isolation-by-distance relationship was examined at incremental spatial scales. In addition, simulations suggested that this pattern closely matched models of recent colonization of the NAP by secondary contact. Our results agree with geological and archaeological data indicating that the NAP was a dynamic landscape that may have been more recently colonized than during the last deglaciation because of dramatic changes in coastal hydrology over the last several thousand years. C1 [Petrou, E. L.; Hauser, L.; Seeb, J. E.; Gomez-Uchida, D.; Seeb, L. W.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Waples, R. S.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Templin, W. D.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Seeb, LW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, 1122 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM lseeb@uw.edu RI Hauser, Lorenz/E-4365-2010; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 FU NOAA, US Department of Commerce [45919]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; State of Alaska; National Science Foundation [DGE-0742559] FX We thank colleagues from the ADFG (Nick DeCovich, Lisa Fox, Penny Crane, Mark Witteveen, and Judy Berger) who conducted field sampling and organized data sharing. Carita Pascal gave indispensable laboratory support and guidance. This research was partially funded by the Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund under Study # 45919 from NOAA, US Department of Commerce, administered by the ADFG. The statements, findings, conclusions and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NOAA, the US Department of Commerce or the ADFG. Additional funding was provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the State of Alaska. A National Science Foundation GK-12 graduate teaching fellowship through the Ocean and Coastal Interdisciplinary Science Program (OACIS, proposal number DGE-0742559) provided ELP with additional funding during the final year of study. NR 67 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 22 IS 23 BP 5848 EP 5860 DI 10.1111/mec.12543 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 255ZI UT WOS:000327278700010 PM 24118255 ER PT J AU Christman, CL Citta, JJ Quakenbush, LT Clarke, JT Rone, BK Shea, RA Ferguson, MC Heide-Jorgensen, MP AF Christman, Cynthia L. Citta, John J. Quakenbush, Lori T. Clarke, Janet T. Rone, Brenda K. Shea, Rebecca A. Ferguson, Megan C. Heide-Jorgensen, Mads Peter TI Presence and behavior of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea in July 2011 SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bowhead whale; Balaena mysticetus; Alaskan Beaufort Sea; Camden Bay; Summer feeding; Cumulative effects ID CHUKCHI SEA; WINTER MOVEMENTS; MIGRATION; FALL AB The Western Arctic bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) is highly adapted to sea ice and annually migrates through the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort seas. While the overall distribution and seasonal movements of bowhead whales are mostly understood, information about their distribution in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea in early to mid-summer has not been well documented. In July 2011, we conducted an exploratory flight in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea, north of Camden Bay (71A degrees N 144A degrees W), near the location of a single satellite-tagged bowhead whale. Eighteen bowhead whales were observed, and behavior consistent with feeding was documented. To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of behavior consistent with feeding north of Camden Bay in mid-July. Few studies have focused on bowhead whale distribution in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea in early to mid-summer, and no long-term, region-wide surveys have been conducted during summer. Bowhead whales are already exposed to anthropogenic disturbance in the Canadian Beaufort Sea in summer, the Alaskan Beaufort Sea in fall, and the Chukchi and Bering seas from fall through spring. The presence of bowhead whale aggregations in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea in summer should be considered when assessing the cumulative effects of human-related activities. C1 [Christman, Cynthia L.; Rone, Brenda K.; Shea, Rebecca A.; Ferguson, Megan C.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Citta, John J.; Quakenbush, Lori T.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Clarke, Janet T.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Ocean Sci Div, Buckley, WA 98321 USA. [Heide-Jorgensen, Mads Peter] Greenland Representat, Greenland Inst Nat Resources, DK-1016 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Christman, CL (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM cynthia.christman@noaa.gov FU Jeffrey Denton and Charles Monnett (BOEM) FX The aerial survey was conducted by the National Marine Mammal Laboratory (NMML), Alaska Fisheries Science Center under National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Permit 14245 and funded via an Interagency Agreement (M11PG00033) with the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM). The survey would not have been possible without support from Jeffrey Denton and Charles Monnett (BOEM). Clearwater Air, Inc. provided the aircraft and pilots (Baine Thorn and Eric Seller), as well as logistical support (Andrew Harcombe). Jan Bennett and Lark Wuerth (Department of the Interior, National Business Center, Aviation Management Division) provided flight following, and Mike Hay (XeraGIS) provided programming support. Satellite tagging in Canada occurred under Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) Permit S10/11-3018-YK-A1 and Animal Use Protocol 2010-034. The satellite-tagging project was a cooperative project involving several organizations, including the Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission, North Slope Borough (NSB), Aklavik and Tuktoyaktuk Hunters and Trappers Committees, Barrow Arctic Science Consortium, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, and Alaska Department of Fish and Game. We are especially grateful to James and Charles Pokiak, who provided tagging assistance in Tuktoyaktuk, Canada. Funding for satellite tagging was provided by BOEM with essential support from Charles Monnett. Funding in Canada was provided by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), Panel of Energy Research and Development, and Fisheries Joint Management Committee. We would also like to thank Julie Mocklin, Bernadette Allen, and Nancy Friday (NMML), Lois Harwood (DFO), Craig George (NSB), and an anonymous reviewer for reviewing this note and providing valuable comments. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 36 IS 12 BP 1851 EP 1856 DI 10.1007/s00300-013-1395-4 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257OG UT WOS:000327393700014 ER PT J AU Olson, ND Lesser, MP AF Olson, Nathan D. Lesser, Michael P. TI Diazotrophic diversity in the Caribbean coral, Montastraea cavernosa SO ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Montastraea cavernosa; Nitrogen fixation; nifH; Coral holobiont ID FIXATION ACETYLENE-REDUCTION; NITROGEN-FIXING BACTERIA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CYANOBACTERIA; GENE; EXPRESSION; PATTERNS AB Previous research on the Caribbean coral Montastraea cavernosa reported the presence of cyanobacterial endosymbionts and nitrogen fixation in orange, but not brown, colonies. We compared the diversity of nifH gene sequences between these two color morphs at three locations in the Caribbean and found that the nifH sequences recovered from M. cavernosa were consistent with previous studies on corals where members of both the alpha-proteobacteria and cyanobacteria were recovered. A number of nifH operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were significantly more abundant in the orange compared to the brown morphs, and one specific OTU (OTU 17), a cyanobacterial nifH sequence similar to others from corals and sponges and related to the cyanobacterial genus Cyanothece, was found in all orange morphs of M. cavernosa at all locations. The nifH diversity reported here, from a community perspective, was not significantly different between orange and brown morphs of M. cavernosa. C1 [Olson, Nathan D.; Lesser, Michael P.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mol Cellular & Biomed Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Olson, Nathan D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lesser, MP (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mol Cellular & Biomed Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM mpl@unh.edu FU National Science Foundation; National Geographic Society; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Institute of Undersea Science and Technology; University of New Hampshire Marine Program; American Museum of Natural History Lerner-Grey Fellowship for Marine Research FX his research was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation, National Geographic Society, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Institute of Undersea Science and Technology, the University of New Hampshire Marine Program, and the American Museum of Natural History Lerner-Grey Fellowship for Marine Research. The work presented here was submitted as a part of the requirements for the completion of Nathan Olson's Master's degree to the Graduate School at the University of New Hampshire. This manuscript was improved by constructive comments from Anton Post. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0302-8933 EI 1432-072X J9 ARCH MICROBIOL JI Arch. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 195 IS 12 BP 853 EP 859 DI 10.1007/s00203-013-0937-z PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 253WS UT WOS:000327120700008 PM 24217873 ER PT J AU Wagner, AJ Morrill, C Otto-Bliesner, BL Rosenbloom, N Watkins, KR AF Wagner, Amy J. Morrill, Carrie Otto-Bliesner, Bette L. Rosenbloom, Nan Watkins, Kelsey R. TI Model support for forcing of the 8.2 ka event by meltwater from the Hudson Bay ice dome SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE 8.2 ka event; Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation; Freshwater forcing; Coupled climate model; Abrupt climate change ID SUBPOLAR NORTH-ATLANTIC; GLACIAL LAKE AGASSIZ; CLIMATE-CHANGE EVENT; HOLOCENE CLIMATE; COLD EVENT; BP EVENT; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; CATASTROPHIC DRAINAGE; LAURENTIDE LAKES; VARIABILITY AB Previous model experiments of the 8.2 ka event forced by the drainage of Lake Agassiz often do not produce climate anomalies as long as those inferred from proxies. In addition to the Agassiz forcing, there is new evidence for significant amounts of freshwater entering the ocean at 8.2 ka from the disintegration of the Laurentide ice sheet (LIS). We use the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) to test the contribution of this additional meltwater flux. Similar to previous model experiments, we find that the estimated freshwater forcing from Lake Agassiz is capable of sustaining ocean and climate anomalies for only two to three decades, much shorter than the event duration of similar to 150 years in proxies. Using new estimates of the LIS freshwater flux (similar to 0.13 Sv for 100 years) from the collapse of the Hudson Bay ice dome in addition to the Agassiz drainage, the CCSM3 generates climate anomalies with a magnitude and duration that match within error those from proxies. This result is insensitive to the duration of freshwater release, a major uncertainty, if the total volume remains the same. An analysis of the modeled North Atlantic freshwater budget indicates that the Agassiz drainage is rapidly transported out of the North Atlantic while the LIS contribution generates longer-lasting freshwater anomalies that are also subject to recirculation by the subtropical gyre back into the North Atlantic. Thus, the meltwater flux originating from the LIS appears to be more important than the Agassiz drainage in generating 8.2 ka climate anomalies and is one way to reconcile some model-data discrepancies. C1 [Wagner, Amy J.; Morrill, Carrie] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wagner, Amy J.; Morrill, Carrie] NOAAs Natl Climat Data Ctr, Paleoclimatol Branch, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wagner, Amy J.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.; Rosenbloom, Nan] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Watkins, Kelsey R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wagner, AJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, 601 South Coll Rd, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. EM wagnera@uncw.edu OI Morrill, Carrie/0000-0002-1635-5469 FU National Science Foundation; Office of Polar Programs [ARC-0713951, ARC-0713971]; NOAA; National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Computational Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. This research was funded by grants from the National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs, to C. M. (ARC-0713951) and B. O.-B. (ARC-0713971) and the NOAA Hollings Scholar Program to K. W. Proxy data was harvested from the World Data Center for Paleoclimatology. This manuscript benefited from insightful conversations with E. Brady, A. Carlson, and Z. Liu. Supercomputer time was provided by a grant from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Computational Information Systems Laboratory (CISL). The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 41 IS 11-12 BP 2855 EP 2873 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1706-z PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 253JF UT WOS:000327080400004 ER PT J AU Smith, DM Scaife, AA Boer, GJ Caian, M Doblas-Reyes, FJ Guemas, V Hawkins, E Hazeleger, W Hermanson, L Ho, CK Ishii, M Kharin, V Kimoto, M Kirtman, B Lean, J Matei, D Merryfield, WJ Muller, WA Pohlmann, H Rosati, A Wouters, B Wyser, K AF Smith, Doug M. Scaife, Adam A. Boer, George J. Caian, Mihaela Doblas-Reyes, Francisco J. Guemas, Virginie Hawkins, Ed Hazeleger, Wilco Hermanson, Leon Ho, Chun Kit Ishii, Masayoshi Kharin, Viatcheslav Kimoto, Masahide Kirtman, Ben Lean, Judith Matei, Daniela Merryfield, William J. Mueller, Wolfgang A. Pohlmann, Holger Rosati, Anthony Wouters, Bert Wyser, Klaus TI Real-time multi-model decadal climate predictions SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Decadal climate prediction; Multi-model ensemble; Forecast ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; DATA ASSIMILATION; ATLANTIC HURRICANES; NORTH-AMERICAN; ENSEMBLE; MODEL; DESIGN AB We present the first climate prediction of the coming decade made with multiple models, initialized with prior observations. This prediction accrues from an international activity to exchange decadal predictions in near real-time, in order to assess differences and similarities, provide a consensus view to prevent over-confidence in forecasts from any single model, and establish current collective capability. We stress that the forecast is experimental, since the skill of the multi-model system is as yet unknown. Nevertheless, the forecast systems used here are based on models that have undergone rigorous evaluation and individually have been evaluated for forecast skill. Moreover, it is important to publish forecasts to enable open evaluation, and to provide a focus on climate change in the coming decade. Initialized forecasts of the year 2011 agree well with observations, with a pattern correlation of 0.62 compared to 0.31 for uninitialized projections. In particular, the forecast correctly predicted La Nia in the Pacific, and warm conditions in the north Atlantic and USA. A similar pattern is predicted for 2012 but with a weaker La Nia. Indices of Atlantic multi-decadal variability and Pacific decadal variability show no signal beyond climatology after 2015, while temperature in the Nio3 region is predicted to warm slightly by about 0.5 A degrees C over the coming decade. However, uncertainties are large for individual years and initialization has little impact beyond the first 4 years in most regions. Relative to uninitialized forecasts, initialized forecasts are significantly warmer in the north Atlantic sub-polar gyre and cooler in the north Pacific throughout the decade. They are also significantly cooler in the global average and over most land and ocean regions out to several years ahead. However, in the absence of volcanic eruptions, global temperature is predicted to continue to rise, with each year from 2013 onwards having a 50 % chance of exceeding the current observed record. Verification of these forecasts will provide an important opportunity to test the performance of models and our understanding and knowledge of the drivers of climate change. C1 [Smith, Doug M.; Scaife, Adam A.; Hermanson, Leon] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Boer, George J.; Kharin, Viatcheslav; Merryfield, William J.] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Caian, Mihaela; Wyser, Klaus] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, Rossby Ctr, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. [Doblas-Reyes, Francisco J.; Guemas, Virginie] Inst Catala Ciencies Clima, Barcelona 08005, Spain. [Hawkins, Ed; Ho, Chun Kit] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, NCAS Climate, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. [Hazeleger, Wilco; Wouters, Bert] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Hazeleger, Wilco] Wageningen Univ, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. [Ishii, Masayoshi] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Kimoto, Masahide] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. [Kirtman, Ben] Univ Miami, RSMAS MPO, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lean, Judith] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Matei, Daniela; Mueller, Wolfgang A.; Pohlmann, Holger] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Rosati, Anthony] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Smith, DM (reprint author), Met Off Hadley Ctr, FitzRoy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. EM doug.smith@metoffice.gov.uk RI kimoto, masahide/P-9077-2014; Guemas, Virginie/B-9090-2016; Hawkins, Ed/B-7921-2011; Doblas-Reyes, Francisco/C-1228-2016; OI Guemas, Virginie/0000-0002-6340-3558; Hawkins, Ed/0000-0001-9477-3677; Doblas-Reyes, Francisco/0000-0002-6622-4280; Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639; Wouters, Bert/0000-0002-1086-2435 FU DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre [GA01101]; EU; BMBF; NOAA [NA10OAR4320143, NA10OAR4310203]; EU [FP7-ENV-2009-1-243964, FP7-ENV-2010-265192]; MICINN [CGL2010-20657]; Catalan Government; KAKUSHIN program of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan; Japan Meteorological Agency; KAKUSHIN Program FX This work was supported by the joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101), and the EU FP7 THOR and COMBINE projects. MPI work was supported by the BMBF Nordatlantik and MiKlip projects. Ben Kirtman was supported by NOAA grants NA10OAR4320143 and NA10OAR4310203. IC3 work was supported by the EU-funded QWeCI (FP7-ENV-2009-1-243964) and CLIM-RUN projects (FP7-ENV-2010-265192), the MICINN-funded RUCSS (CGL2010-20657) projects and the Catalan Government. The IC3 authors thankfully acknowledge the computer resources, technical expertise and assistance provided by the Red Espanola de Supercomputacion (RES), the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) under the special project SPESICCF, and Muhammad Asif for his invaluable support in running the experiments. NASA supported J. Lean. MIROC work was supported by the KAKUSHIN program of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan. The Earth Simulator of JAMSTEC was employed to perform MIROC experiments. MRI work was supported by the Japan Meteorological Agency research program and partly by the KAKUSHIN Program. NR 58 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 41 IS 11-12 BP 2875 EP 2888 DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1600-0 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 253JF UT WOS:000327080400005 ER PT J AU Yin, L Fu, R Shevliakova, E Dickinson, RE AF Yin, Lei Fu, Rong Shevliakova, Elena Dickinson, Robert E. TI How well can CMIP5 simulate precipitation and its controlling processes over tropical South America? SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Amazon precipitation; Rainfall seasonality; CMIP5 models; Climate variability; ET; SST indices ID BRAZILIAN AMAZON BASIN; CARBON CYCLE FEEDBACK; CROSS-EQUATORIAL FLOW; COUPLED MODEL; LAND-SURFACE; WATER-BUDGET; RAINY-SEASON; WET SEASON; CLIMATE; SYSTEM AB Underestimated rainfall over Amazonia was a common problem for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) models. We investigate whether it still exists in the CMIP phase 5 (CMIP5) models and, if so, what causes these biases? Our evaluation of historical simulations shows that some models still underestimate rainfall over Amazonia. During the dry season, both convective and large-scale precipitation is underestimated in most models. GFDL-ESM2M and IPSL notably show more pentads with no rainfall. During the wet season, large-scale precipitation is still underestimated in most models. In the dry and transition seasons, models with more realistic moisture convergence and surface evapotranspiration generally have more realistic rainfall totals. In some models, overestimates of rainfall are associated with the adjacent tropical and eastern Pacific ITCZs. However, in other models, too much surface net radiation and a resultant high Bowen ratio appears to cause underestimates of rainfall. During the transition season, low pre-seasonal latent heat, high sensible flux, and a weaker influence of cold air incursions contribute to the dry bias. About half the models can capture, but overestimate, the influences of teleconnection. Based on a simple metric, HadGEM2-ES outperforms other models especially for surface conditions and atmospheric circulation. GFDL-ESM2M has the strongest dry bias presumably due to its overestimate of moisture divergence, induced by overestimated ITCZs in adjacent oceans, and reinforced by positive feedbacks between reduced cloudiness, high Bowen ratio and suppression of rainfall during the dry season, and too weak incursions of extratropical disturbances during the transition season. C1 [Yin, Lei; Fu, Rong; Dickinson, Robert E.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Shevliakova, Elena] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Shevliakova, Elena] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Yin, L (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, 1 Univ Stn C1100, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM yin@utexas.edu RI Shevliakova, Elena/J-5770-2014 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [AGS-0937400]; NOAA Climate Program Office Modeling, Analysis, Prediction and Projection (MAPP) Program [NA10OAAR4310157]; Jackson School facilities FX We would like to thank Drs. Sergey Malyshev and Elena Shevliakova for their great help with navigating the GFDL supercomputer system and with analyzing the model output at an early stage. We also thank other scientists at GFDL for their invaluable suggestions and comments on our work. We acknowledge colleagues in our group for downloading part of the CMIP5 data sets. This work is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) AGS-0937400, the NOAA Climate Program Office Modeling, Analysis, Prediction and Projection (MAPP) Program through Grant NA10OAAR4310157 and Jackson School facilities. NR 64 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 7 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 41 IS 11-12 BP 3127 EP 3143 DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1582-y PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 253JF UT WOS:000327080400018 ER PT J AU Zhou, MZ Wang, HJ Yang, S Fan, K AF Zhou, Mengzi Wang, Huijun Yang, Song Fan, Ke TI Influence of springtime North Atlantic Oscillation on crops yields in Northeast China SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE NAO; Crop yields; Teleconnection; Year-to-year increment ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; PHENOLOGY; TRENDS; IMPACT; WINTER; NAO AB Forecasting grain production is of strategic importance in considerations of climate change and growing population. Here we show that the springtime North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is significantly correlated to the year-to-year increment of maize and rice yield in Northeast China (NEC). The physical mechanism for this relationship was investigated. Springtime NAO can induce sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the North Atlantic, which display a tripole pattern and are similar to the empirical mode pattern in spring. The spring Atlantic SSTA pattern that could persists to summer, can trigger a high-level tropospheric Rossby wave response in the Eurasia continent, resulting in atmospheric circulation anomalies over the Siberia-Mongolia region, which is unfavorable (favorable) for cold surges that affect NEC. Weaker (stronger) cold surges can accordingly reduce (increase) cloud amount, resulting in an increase (a decrease) in daily maximum temperature and a decrease (an increase) in daily minimum temperature, thereby leading to an increase (a decrease) in diurnal temperature range. And summer-mean daily minimum temperature and diurnal temperature range are most significantly related to the NEC crop yields. C1 [Zhou, Mengzi; Wang, Huijun; Fan, Ke] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Nansen Zhu Int Res Ctr, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Mengzi; Wang, Huijun; Fan, Ke] Chinese Acad Sci, Climate Change Res Ctr, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Mengzi] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Yang, Song] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Zhou, MZ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Nansen Zhu Int Res Ctr, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM zhoumz@mail.iap.ac.cn; wanghj@mail.iap.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41130103]; Key Project for Basic Research (973 Projects) [2009CB421406] FX This research was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41130103) and the Key Project for Basic Research (973 Projects) (Grant 2009CB421406). NR 37 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 41 IS 11-12 BP 3317 EP 3324 DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1597-4 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 253JF UT WOS:000327080400027 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Lee, JJW Srikanth, R Lawn, BR AF Zhang, Yu Lee, James J. -W. Srikanth, Ramanathan Lawn, Brian R. TI Edge chipping and flexural resistance of monolithic ceramics SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Edge chipping; Flexural fracture; Monolithic restorations; Zirconia-based ceramic; Glass-ceramic; Graded glass-zirconia ID FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES; LITHIUM-DISILICATE CROWNS; DENTAL PROSTHESES; CLINICAL-EVALUATION; CONTACT DAMAGE; Y-TZP; ADHESIVE INTERLAYER; ZIRCONIA FRAMEWORKS; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; BRITTLE LAYERS AB Objective. Test the hypothesis that monolithic ceramics can be developed with combined esthetics and superior fracture resistance to circumvent processing and performance drawbacks of traditional all-ceramic crowns and fixed-dental-prostheses consisting of a hard and strong core with an esthetic porcelain veneer. Specifically, to demonstrate that monolithic prostheses can be produced with a much reduced susceptibility to fracture. Methods. Protocols were applied for quantifying resistance to chipping as well as resistance to flexural failure in two classes of dental ceramic, microstructurally-modified zirconias and lithium disilicate glass-ceramics. A sharp indenter was used to induce chips near the edges of flat-layer specimens, and the results compared with predictions from a critical load equation. The critical loads required to produce cementation surface failure in monolithic specimens bonded to dentin were computed from established flexural strength relations and the predictions validated with experimental data. Results. Monolithic zirconias have superior chipping and flexural fracture resistance relative to their veneered counterparts. While they have superior esthetics, glass-ceramics exhibit lower strength but higher chip fracture resistance relative to porcelain-veneered zirconias. Significance. The study suggests a promising future for new and improved monolithic ceramic restorations, with combined durability and acceptable esthetics. (C) 2013 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Yu; Srikanth, Ramanathan] NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Biomat & Biomimet, New York, NY 10010 USA. [Lee, James J. -W.; Lawn, Brian R.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Biomat & Biomimet, 345 East 24th St,Room 813C, New York, NY 10010 USA. EM yz21@nyu.edu FU United States National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [2R01 DE017925]; National Science Foundation [CMMI-0758530]; NIST FX The authors would like to thank Dr. F.K. Fatehi for performing statistical analysis. Funding was provided by the United States National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (Grant 2R01 DE017925) and the National Science Foundation (Grant CMMI-0758530) and by NIST. NR 66 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 EI 1879-0097 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1201 EP 1208 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2013.09.004 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 254DF UT WOS:000327143200003 PM 24139756 ER PT J AU Bejarano, AC Levine, E Mearns, AJ AF Bejarano, Adriana C. Levine, Edwin Mearns, Alan J. TI Effectiveness and potential ecological effects of offshore surface dispersant use during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: a retrospective analysis of monitoring data SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Deepwater Horizon oil spill; Dispersant use; TPH; TPAH; Monitoring; Dispersant effectiveness ID HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; WEATHERED CRUDE-OIL; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; COMPARATIVE TOXICITY; INGESTION; DROPLETS; LARVAE; FOOD AB The Special Monitoring of Applied Response Technologies (SMART) program was used during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill as a strategy to monitor the effectiveness of sea surface dispersant use. Although SMART was implemented during aerial and vessel dispersant applications, this analysis centers on the effort of a special dispersant missions onboard the M/V International Peace, which evaluated the effectiveness of surface dispersant applications by vessel only. Water samples (n = 120) were collected from background sites, and under naturally and chemically dispersed oil slicks, and were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (TPAHs), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), and a chemical marker of CorexitA (R) (dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether, DPnB). Water chemistry results were analyzed relative to SMART field assessments of dispersant effectiveness ("not effective," "effective," and "very effective"), based on in situ fluorometry. Chemistry data were also used to indirectly determine if the use of dispersants increased the risk of acute effects to water column biota, by comparison to toxicity benchmarks. TPAH and TPH concentrations in background, and naturally and chemically dispersed samples were extremely variable, and differences were not statistically detected across sample types. Ratios of TPAH and TPH between chemically and naturally dispersed samples provided a quantitative measure of dispersant effectiveness over natural oil dispersion alone, and were in reasonable agreement with SMART field assessments of dispersant effectiveness. Samples from "effective" and "very effective" dispersant applications had ratios of TPAH and TPH up to 35 and 64, respectively. In two samples from an "effective" dispersant application, TPHs and TPAHs exceeded acute benchmarks (0.81 mg/L and 8 mu g/L, respectively), while none exceeded DPnB's chronic value (1,000 mu g/L). Although the primary goal of the SMART program is to provide near real-time effectiveness data to the response, and not to address concerns regarding acute biological effects, the analyses presented here demonstrate that SMART can generate information of value to a larger scientific audience. A series of recommendations for future SMART planning are also provided. C1 [Bejarano, Adriana C.] Res Planning Inc, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. [Levine, Edwin] NOAA, New York, NY 10004 USA. [Mearns, Alan J.] NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Bejarano, AC (reprint author), Res Planning Inc, 1121 Pk St, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. EM abejarano@researchplanning.com NR 51 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 68 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 185 IS 12 BP 10281 EP 10295 DI 10.1007/s10661-013-3332-y PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 244OD UT WOS:000326397900051 PM 23852535 ER PT J AU Lopez-Romero, JM Lombardi, MA Diaz-Munoz, N de Carlos-Lopez, E AF Mauricio Lopez-Romero, Jose Lombardi, Michael A. Diaz-Munoz, Nelida de Carlos-Lopez, Eduardo TI SIM Time Scale SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Atomic clocks; frequency standards; GPS common-view; measurement methods; remote comparisons; time scales ID NETWORK; ALGORITHMS; METROLOGY AB Time measurement is of great importance for science, technology, and commerce. Among the seven base units of the International System of Units, the second can be realized with the smallest uncertainty, currently reaching parts in 10(16). Keeping track of the continuous accumulation of seconds allows the formation of time scales that serve as references for applications that require synchronization to national and international standards. This paper presents and discusses a multinational time scale developed for the Sistema Interamericano de Metrologia (SIM). This time scale, known as the SIM time scale, or SIMT, was developed to complement the official world time scale, Coordinated Universal Time, by providing real-time support to the operational timing systems within the SIM region. SIMT is generated from automated comparisons of time standards in North, Central, and South America, and is believed to be the first operational multinational time scale whose results are continuously published in real time via the Internet. C1 [Mauricio Lopez-Romero, Jose; Diaz-Munoz, Nelida; de Carlos-Lopez, Eduardo] Ctr Nacl Metrol, Div Time & Frequency, Queretaro 76241, Mexico. [Lombardi, Michael A.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Lopez-Romero, JM (reprint author), Ctr Nacl Metrol, Div Time & Frequency, Queretaro 76241, Mexico. EM jlopez@cenam.mx; lombardi@nist.gov; ndiaz@cenam.mx; edlopez@cenam.mx NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 EI 1557-9662 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 62 IS 12 BP 3343 EP 3350 DI 10.1109/TIM.2013.2272866 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 252BO UT WOS:000326979600023 ER PT J AU Sarachan, KL Curtis, JE Krueger, S AF Sarachan, Kathryn L. Curtis, Joseph E. Krueger, Susan TI Small-angle scattering contrast calculator for protein and nucleic acid complexes in solution SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Software Review ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURES; RNA AB Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) with contrast variation can provide useful information about the structure and disposition of two or more chemically distinct components within a complex. The SASSIE Contrast Calculator (SCC) is a new software tool designed to assist in planning SANS experiments with contrast variation on protein and nucleic acid complexes. On the basis of the primary sequence and deuteration level of each protein or nucleic acid component, the SCC calculates and plots I(0), contrast and scattering length densities; since SANS experiments often complement small-angle X-ray scattering studies, the program provides both neutron and X-ray parameters. The SCC is run as an integrated component of SASSIE [Curtis, Raghunandan, Nanda & Krueger (2012). Comput. Phys. Commun. 183, 382-389], a software suite for atomistic modeling of ensembles of structures consistent with scattering data. C1 [Sarachan, Kathryn L.; Curtis, Joseph E.; Krueger, Susan] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Curtis, JE (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.curtis@nist.gov; susan.krueger@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [CHE-1265817]; NIST National Research Council (NRC) postdoctoral research associateship FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under CHE-1265817. KLS gratefully acknowledges support from a NIST National Research Council (NRC) postdoctoral research associateship. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 15 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 46 BP 1889 EP 1893 DI 10.1107/S0021889813025727 PN 6 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 253FX UT WOS:000327070000044 ER PT J AU Sheffield, J Barrett, AP Colle, B Fernando, DN Fu, R Geil, KL Hu, Q Kinter, J Kumar, S Langenbrunner, B Lombardo, K Long, LN Maloney, E Mariotti, A Meyerson, JE Mo, KC Neelin, JD Nigam, S Pan, ZT Ren, T Ruiz-Barradas, A Serra, YL Seth, A Thibeault, JM Stroeve, JC Yang, Z Yin, L AF Sheffield, Justin Barrett, Andrew P. Colle, Brian Fernando, D. Nelun Fu, Rong Geil, Kerrie L. Hu, Qi Kinter, Jim Kumar, Sanjiv Langenbrunner, Baird Lombardo, Kelly Long, Lindsey N. Maloney, Eric Mariotti, Annarita Meyerson, Joyce E. Mo, Kingtse C. Neelin, J. David Nigam, Sumant Pan, Zaitao Ren, Tong Ruiz-Barradas, Alfredo Serra, Yolande L. Seth, Anji Thibeault, Jeanne M. Stroeve, Julienne C. Yang, Ze Yin, Lei TI North American Climate in CMIP5 Experiments. Part I: Evaluation of Historical Simulations of Continental and Regional Climatology SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE North America; Climatology; Regional effects; Coupled models ID LOW-LEVEL JET; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; REANALYSIS PROJECT; COUPLED MODEL; SEA-ICE; MONSOON; SYSTEM; VARIABILITY; PREDICTION AB This is the first part of a three-part paper on North American climate in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) that evaluates the historical simulations of continental and regional climatology with a focus on a core set of 17 models. The authors evaluate the models for a set of basic surface climate and hydrological variables and their extremes for the continent. This is supplemented by evaluations for selected regional climate processes relevant to North American climate, including cool season western Atlantic cyclones, the North American monsoon, the U.S. Great Plains low-level jet, and Arctic sea ice. In general, the multimodel ensemble mean represents the observed spatial patterns of basic climate and hydrological variables but with large variability across models and regions in the magnitude and sign of errors. No single model stands out as being particularly better or worse across all analyses, although some models consistently outperform the others for certain variables across most regions and seasons and higher-resolution models tend to perform better for regional processes. The CMIP5 multimodel ensemble shows a slight improvement relative to CMIP3 models in representing basic climate variables, in terms of the mean and spread, although performance has decreased for some models. Improvements in CMIP5 model performance are noticeable for some regional climate processes analyzed, such as the timing of the North American monsoon. The results of this paper have implications for the robustness of future projections of climate and its associated impacts, which are examined in the third part of the paper. C1 [Sheffield, Justin] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Barrett, Andrew P.; Stroeve, Julienne C.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Colle, Brian; Lombardo, Kelly] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Fernando, D. Nelun; Fu, Rong; Ren, Tong; Yang, Ze; Yin, Lei] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Fernando, D. Nelun] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Visiting Scientist Programs, Boulder, CO USA. [Fernando, D. Nelun] Texas Water Dev Board, Surface Water Resource Div, Austin, TX USA. [Geil, Kerrie L.; Serra, Yolande L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Hu, Qi] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. [Hu, Qi] Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. [Kinter, Jim; Kumar, Sanjiv] George Mason Univ, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Langenbrunner, Baird; Meyerson, Joyce E.; Neelin, J. David] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Long, Lindsey N.] Wyle Sci Technol & Engn, College Pk, MD USA. [Long, Lindsey N.; Mo, Kingtse C.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Maloney, Eric] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Mariotti, Annarita] NOAA, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Nigam, Sumant; Ruiz-Barradas, Alfredo] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pan, Zaitao] St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Seth, Anji; Thibeault, Jeanne M.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Geog, Storrs, CT USA. RP Sheffield, J (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM justin@princeton.edu RI Ruiz-Barradas, Alfredo/F-4499-2010; Maloney, Eric/A-9327-2008; Serra, Yolande/I-3457-2015 OI Ruiz-Barradas, Alfredo/0000-0003-3633-3950; Maloney, Eric/0000-0002-2660-2611; Serra, Yolande/0000-0003-3542-1158 FU NOAA Climate Program Office Modeling, Analysis, Predictions and Projections (MAPP) program as part of the CMIP5 Task Force FX We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. The authors acknowledge the support of NOAA Climate Program Office Modeling, Analysis, Predictions and Projections (MAPP) program as part of the CMIP5 Task Force. NR 81 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 58 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 26 IS 23 BP 9209 EP 9245 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00592.1 PG 37 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 253AN UT WOS:000327054100001 ER PT J AU Sheffield, J Camargo, SJ Fu, R Hu, Q Jiang, XA Johnson, N Karnauskas, KB Kim, ST Kinter, J Kumar, S Langenbrunner, B Maloney, E Mariotti, A Meyerson, JE Neelin, JD Nigam, S Pan, ZT Ruiz-Barradas, A Seager, R Serra, YL Sun, DZ Wang, CZ Xie, SP Yu, JY Zhang, T Zhao, M AF Sheffield, Justin Camargo, Suzana J. Fu, Rong Hu, Qi Jiang, Xianan Johnson, Nathaniel Karnauskas, Kristopher B. Kim, Seon Tae Kinter, Jim Kumar, Sanjiv Langenbrunner, Baird Maloney, Eric Mariotti, Annarita Meyerson, Joyce E. Neelin, J. David Nigam, Sumant Pan, Zaitao Ruiz-Barradas, Alfredo Seager, Richard Serra, Yolande L. Sun, De-Zheng Wang, Chunzai Xie, Shang-Ping Yu, Jin-Yi Zhang, Tao Zhao, Ming TI North American Climate in CMIP5 Experiments. Part II: Evaluation of Historical Simulations of Intraseasonal to Decadal Variability SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE North America; Regional effects; Coupled models; Decadal variability; Interannual variability; Intraseasonal variability ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC MODEL; LONG-TERM PERSISTENCE; EL-NINO EVOLUTION; LOW-LEVEL JET; GREAT-PLAINS AB This is the second part of a three-part paper on North American climate in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) that evaluates the twentieth-century simulations of intraseasonal to multidecadal variability and teleconnections with North American climate. Overall, the multimodel ensemble does reasonably well at reproducing observed variability in several aspects, but it does less well at capturing observed teleconnections, with implications for future projections examined in part three of this paper. In terms of intraseasonal variability, almost half of the models examined can reproduce observed variability in the eastern Pacific and most models capture the midsummer drought over Central America. The multimodel mean replicates the density of traveling tropical synoptic-scale disturbances but with large spread among the models. On the other hand, the coarse resolution of the models means that tropical cyclone frequencies are underpredicted in the Atlantic and eastern North Pacific. The frequency and mean amplitude of ENSO are generally well reproduced, although teleconnections with North American climate are widely varying among models and only a few models can reproduce the east and central Pacific types of ENSO and connections with U.S. winter temperatures. The models capture the spatial pattern of Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) variability and its influence on continental temperature and West Coast precipitation but less well for the wintertime precipitation. The spatial representation of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) is reasonable, but the magnitude of SST anomalies and teleconnections are poorly reproduced. Multidecadal trends such as the warming hole over the central-southeastern United States and precipitation increases are not replicated by the models, suggesting that observed changes are linked to natural variability. C1 [Sheffield, Justin] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Camargo, Suzana J.; Seager, Richard] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Fu, Rong] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Hu, Qi] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. [Hu, Qi] Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. [Jiang, Xianan] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Johnson, Nathaniel] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Karnauskas, Kristopher B.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kim, Seon Tae] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Kinter, Jim; Kumar, Sanjiv] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD USA. [Langenbrunner, Baird; Meyerson, Joyce E.; Neelin, J. David] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Maloney, Eric] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Mariotti, Annarita] NOAA, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Nigam, Sumant; Ruiz-Barradas, Alfredo] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pan, Zaitao] St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Serra, Yolande L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Sun, De-Zheng; Zhang, Tao] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sun, De-Zheng; Zhang, Tao] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Xie, Shang-Ping] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Xie, Shang-Ping] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI USA. [Yu, Jin-Yi] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Zhao, Ming] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Sheffield, J (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 59 Olden St, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM justin@princeton.edu RI Jiang, Xianan/A-2283-2012; Camargo, Suzana/C-6106-2009; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; Kim, Seon Tae/G-6361-2011; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014; Ruiz-Barradas, Alfredo/F-4499-2010; Xie, Shang-Ping/C-1254-2009; Maloney, Eric/A-9327-2008; Serra, Yolande/I-3457-2015; Johnson, Nathaniel/L-8045-2015 OI Camargo, Suzana/0000-0002-0802-5160; Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; Kim, Seon Tae/0000-0003-2628-0904; Ruiz-Barradas, Alfredo/0000-0003-3633-3950; Xie, Shang-Ping/0000-0002-3676-1325; Maloney, Eric/0000-0002-2660-2611; Serra, Yolande/0000-0003-3542-1158; Johnson, Nathaniel/0000-0003-4906-178X FU NOAA/Climate Program Office/Modeling, Analysis, Predictions and Projections (MAPP) program as part of the CMIP5 Task Force FX We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. The authors acknowledge the support of NOAA/Climate Program Office/Modeling, Analysis, Predictions and Projections (MAPP) program as part of the CMIP5 Task Force. NR 177 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 77 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 26 IS 23 BP 9247 EP 9290 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00593.1 PG 44 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 253AN UT WOS:000327054100002 ER PT J AU Choi, KY Vecchi, GA Wittenberg, AT AF Choi, Kit-Yan Vecchi, Gabriel A. Wittenberg, Andrew T. TI ENSO Transition, Duration, and Amplitude Asymmetries: Role of the Nonlinear Wind Stress Coupling in a Conceptual Model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Atmosphere-ocean interaction; ENSO; Numerical analysis; modeling; Southern Oscillation ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; 1997-98 EL-NINO; TROPICAL PACIFIC; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; LA-NINA; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CLIMATE MODELS; PART II; OCEAN AB The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exhibits well-known asymmetries: 1) warm events are stronger than cold events, 2) strong warm events are more likely to be followed by cold events than vice versa, and 3) cold events are more persistent than warm events. Coupled GCM simulations, however, continue to underestimate many of these observed features.To shed light on these asymmetries, the authors begin with a widely used delayed-oscillator conceptual model for ENSO and modify it so that wind stress anomalies depend more strongly on SST anomalies (SSTAs) during warm conditions, as is observed. Then the impact of this nonlinearity on ENSO is explored for three dynamical regimes: self-sustained oscillations, stochastically driven oscillations, and self-sustained oscillations disrupted by stochastic forcings. In all three regimes, the nonlinear air-sea coupling preferentially strengthens the feedbacks (both positive and delayed negative) during the ENSO warm phaseproducing El Ninos that grow to a larger amplitude and overshoot more rapidly and consistently into the opposite phase, than do the La Ninas. Finally, the modified oscillator is applied to observational records and to control simulations from two global coupled ocean-atmosphere-land-ice models [Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model version 2.1 (GFDL CM2.1) and version 2.5 (GFDL CM2.5)] to elucidate the causes of their differing asymmetries. C1 [Choi, Kit-Yan; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Wittenberg, Andrew T.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Wittenberg, Andrew T.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Choi, KY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM kityanc@princeton.edu RI Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008 OI Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA08OAR4320752]; U.S. Department of Commerce [NA08OAR4320752] FX We are indebted to Xiaosong Yang and Isaac Held for providing comments and suggestions. This report was prepared by KC under Award NA08OAR4320752 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 49 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 26 IS 23 BP 9462 EP 9476 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00045.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 253AN UT WOS:000327054100015 ER PT J AU Lau, NC Ploshay, JJ AF Lau, Ngar-Cheung Ploshay, Jeffrey J. TI Model Projections of the Changes in Atmospheric Circulation and Surface Climate over North America, the North Atlantic, and Europe in the Twenty-First Century SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Atmospheric circulation; Extratropical cyclones; Climate models; General circulation models; North Atlantic Oscillation ID STORM-TRACKS; MEAN-FLOW; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; GULF-STREAM; PART I; OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY; HEMISPHERE; PATTERNS; SIMULATIONS AB The impacts of climate change on the North America-North Atlantic-Europe sector are studied using a coupled general circulation model: the Climate Model, version 3 (CM3) and a high-resolution atmosphere-only model, the High Resolution Atmospheric Model (HiRAM)both developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory. The CM3 experiment is conducted under two climate change scenarios for the 1860-2100 period. The sea surface temperature (SST) forcing prescribed in the time slice integrations with HiRAM is derived from observations for the 1979-2008 period and projection by CM3 for the 2086-95 period.The wintertime response in the late twenty-first century is characterized by an enhancement of the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation in sea level pressure (SLP) and poleward and eastward displacements of the Atlantic jet stream and storm track. The forcing pattern due to eddy vorticity fluxes in the perturbed storm track matches well with the response pattern of the SLP field in the late twenty-first century. The model results suggest that the above circulation changes are linked to the gradient of the altered SST forcing in the North Atlantic.In summer, the projected enhancement of convection over the eastern tropical Pacific is accompanied by a wave train spanning the North America-North Atlantic-Europe sector. This quasi-stationary circulation pattern is associated with diminished storm track activity at 40 degrees-50 degrees N and an eddy forcing pattern similar to the summertime SLP response in the late twenty-first century. C1 [Lau, Ngar-Cheung; Ploshay, Jeffrey J.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Ploshay, JJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM jeff.ploshay@noaa.gov NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 26 IS 23 BP 9603 EP 9620 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00151.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 253AN UT WOS:000327054100023 ER PT J AU Thompson, PR Mitchum, GT Vonesch, C Li, JK AF Thompson, Philip R. Mitchum, Gary T. Vonesch, Cedric Li, Jianke TI Variability of Winter Storminess in the Eastern United States during the Twentieth Century from Tide Gauges SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Extratropical cyclones; Sea level; Storm surges; Storm tracks; Arctic Oscillation; Multidecadal variability ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CYCLONE ACTIVITY; NORTH-AMERICA; CLIMATOLOGY; ATLANTIC; COAST; CIRCULATION; CYCLOGENESIS; FREQUENCIES; PATTERNS AB Interannual to multidecadal variability of winter storminess in the eastern United States was studied using water level measurements from coastal tide gauges. The proximity to the coast of the primary winter storm track in the region allows the use of tide gauges to study temporal modulations in the frequency of these storms. Storms were identified in high-passed, detided sea level anomalies in 20 gauges from all coasts of North America to assess variability in winter storminess along particular storm tracks. The primary result is a significant multidecadal increase in the number of storms affecting the southeastern United States from the early to late twentieth century. The authors propose that this change is due to an increased tendency for the jet stream to meander south over the eastern United States since the 1950s. This mechanism is supported by long-term changes in the large-scale sea level pressure pattern over North America. The nature of the multidecadal change in storm frequency is unclear, because limited tide gauge record lengths prevent distinguishing between a trend and an oscillation. C1 [Thompson, Philip R.; Mitchum, Gary T.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Vonesch, Cedric] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Biomed Imaging Grp, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Li, Jianke] IMSG, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Li, Jianke] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Thompson, PR (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, 1000 Pope Rd,MSB 317, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM philiprt@hawaii.edu NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 26 IS 23 BP 9713 EP 9726 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00561.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 253AN UT WOS:000327054100029 ER PT J AU Chen, S Kirstetter, PE Hong, Y Gourley, JJ Tian, YD Qi, YC Cao, Q Zhang, J Howard, K Hu, JJ Xue, XW AF Chen, S. Kirstetter, P. E. Hong, Y. Gourley, J. J. Tian, Y. D. Qi, Y. C. Cao, Q. Zhang, J. Howard, K. Hu, J. J. Xue, X. W. TI Evaluation of Spatial Errors of Precipitation Rates and Types from TRMM Spaceborne Radar over the Southern CONUS SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Precipitation; Atmosphere-land interaction; Hydrometeorology ID MEASURING MISSION TRMM; RAIN PROFILING ALGORITHM; HYDROLOGICAL MODEL; GROUND VALIDATION; UNITED-STATES; SATELLITE; QPE; SYSTEM; AFRICA; SCALES AB In this paper, the authors estimate the uncertainty of the rainfall products from NASA and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's (JAXA) Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) so that they may be used in a quantitative manner for applications like hydrologic modeling or merging with other rainfall products. The spatial error structure of TRMM PR surface rain rates and types was systematically studied by comparing them with NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory's (NSSL) next generation, high-resolution (1 km/5 min) National Mosaic and Multi-Sensor Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE; NMQ/Q2) over the TRMM-covered continental United States (CONUS). Data pairs are first matched at the PR footprint scale (5 km/instantaneous) and then grouped into 0.25 degrees grid cells to yield spatially distributed error maps and statistics using data from December 2009 through November 2010. Careful quality control steps (including bias correction with rain gauges and quality filtering) are applied to the ground radar measurements prior to considering them as reference data. The results show that PR captures well the spatial pattern of total rainfall amounts with a high correlation coefficient (CC; 0.91) with Q2, but this decreases to 0.56 for instantaneous rain rates. In terms of precipitation types, Q2 and PR convective echoes are spatially correlated with a CC of 0.63. Despite this correlation, PR's total annual precipitation from convection is 48.82% less than that by Q2, which points to potential issues in the PR algorithm's attenuation correction, nonuniform beam filling, and/or reflectivity-to-rainfall relation. Finally, the spatial analysis identifies regime-dependent errors, in particular in the mountainous west. It is likely that the surface reference technique is triggered over complex terrain, resulting in high-amplitude biases. C1 [Chen, S.; Kirstetter, P. E.; Hong, Y.; Cao, Q.; Xue, X. W.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Chen, S.; Kirstetter, P. E.; Hong, Y.; Cao, Q.; Xue, X. W.] Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Kirstetter, P. E.; Gourley, J. J.; Qi, Y. C.; Zhang, J.; Howard, K.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Tian, Y. D.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tian, Y. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Qi, Y. C.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hu, J. J.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Suite 4610,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; Xue, Xianwu/C-8006-2016; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755; Xue, Xianwu/0000-0002-2106-6370; FU NASA; University of Oklahoma Advanced Radar Research Center; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the OU and NOAA/NSSL team for providing the NMQ/Q2 products. This work was funded by a postdoctoral grant from the NASA Global Precipitation Measurement Mission Ground Validation Program and was also supported by the Multi-function Phased-Array Radar (MPAR) Project at the University of Oklahoma Advanced Radar Research Center. Partial funding was provided by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1884 EP 1896 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-13-027.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 255QF UT WOS:000327254200013 ER PT J AU Qi, YC Zhang, J AF Qi, Youcun Zhang, Jian TI Correction of Radar QPE Errors Associated with Low and Partially Observed Brightband Layers SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cool season; Precipitation; Hydrometeorology; Profilers; atmospheric; Radars; Radar observations; Surface observations ID S-BAND RADAR; MELTING-LAYER; PRECIPITATION; RANGE AB The melting of aggregated snow/crystals often results in an enhancement of the reflectivity observed by weather radars, and this is commonly referenced as the bright band (BB). The locally high reflectivity often causes overestimation in radar quantitative precipitation estimates (QPE) if no appropriate correction is applied. When the melting layer is high, a complete BB layer profile (including top, peak, and bottom) can be observed by the ground radar, and a vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) correction can be made to reduce the BB impact. When a melting layer is near the ground and the bottom part of the bright band cannot be observed by the ground radar, a VPR correction cannot be made directly from the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) radar observations. This paper presents a new VPR correction method under this situation. From high-resolution precipitation profiler data, an empirical relationship between BB peak and BB bottom is developed. The empirical relationship is combined with the apparent BB peak observed by volume scan radars and the BB bottom is found. Radar QPEs are then corrected based on the estimated BB bottom. The new method was tested on 13 radars during seven low brightband events over different areas in the United States. It is shown to be effective in reducing the radar QPE overestimation under low brightband situations. C1 [Qi, Youcun] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Qi, Youcun; Zhang, Jian] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Qi, Youcun] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Atmospher Sci, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Qi, YC (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM Youcun.Qi@noaa.gov FU NOAA; NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227] FX The authors are grateful to Dr. Pengfei Zhang for many insightful comments that greatly improved this manuscript. Major funding for this research was provided under NOAA's Hydro-Meteorological Testbed (HMT) program and partial funding was provided under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1933 EP 1943 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-13-040.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 255QF UT WOS:000327254200017 ER PT J AU Yamaguchi, T Brewer, WA Feingold, G AF Yamaguchi, Takanobu Brewer, W. Alan Feingold, Graham TI Evaluation of Modeled Stratocumulus-Capped Boundary Layer Turbulence with Shipborne Data SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Boundary layer; Clouds; Large eddy simulations; Model evaluation; performance ID LARGE-EDDY-SIMULATION; MESOSCALE CELLULAR STRUCTURES; SHALLOW CUMULUS CONVECTION; KINETIC-ENERGY SPECTRA; LIQUID WATER PATH; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; DIURNAL CYCLE; MIXED LAYER; VOCALS-REX AB Numerically modeled turbulence simulated by the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting Model (ARW) is evaluated with turbulence measurements from NOAA's high-resolution Doppler lidar on the NOAA Research Vessel Ronald H. Brown during the Variability of the American Monsoon Systems (VAMOS) Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land StudyRegional Experiment (VOCALS-Rex) field program. A nonprecipitating nocturnal marine stratocumulus case is examined, and a nudging technique is applied to allow turbulence to spin up and come into a statistically stationary state with the initial observed cloud field. This stationary state is then used as the initial condition for the subsequent free-running simulation. The comparison shows that the modeled turbulence is consistently weaker than that observed. For the same resolution, the turbulence becomes stronger, especially for the horizontal component, as the length of the horizontal domain increases from 6.4 to 25.6 km. Analysis of the power spectral density shows that, even for the largest domain, the horizontal component of the turbulence is limited by the upper limit of the domain size; supporting evidence from past studies is provided. Results suggest that convergence is expected for (i) energy spectra of turbulence with a sufficiently large domain and (ii) liquid water path with an adequately large domain and fine resolution. Additional tests are performed by changing momentum advection and turning off subgrid-scale diffusion. These exhibit more significant changes in turbulence characteristics compared to the sensitivity to domain size and resolution, suggesting that the model behavior is essentially established by the configuration of the model dynamics and physics and that the simulation only gradually improves when domain size and resolution are increased. C1 [Yamaguchi, Takanobu] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yamaguchi, Takanobu; Brewer, W. Alan; Feingold, Graham] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Yamaguchi, T (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div R CSD2, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tak.yamaguchi@noaa.gov RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Yamaguchi, Takanobu/H-9169-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Yamaguchi, Takanobu/0000-0001-8059-0757; FU NOAA Climate Program Office FX This study is supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office through the Climate Process Team, Cloud Macrophysical Parameterization and its Application to Aerosol Indirect Effects (PI V. Larson). Useful discussion with the Climate Process Team is acknowledged. The authors would like to express their gratitude to the team on board the RHB for their efforts in acquiring such a valuable dataset. In particular, thanks are due to D. Covert for the aerosol size distribution data and P. Zuidema for the LWP data. The ECMWF operational data are courtesy of I. Sandu and M. Koehler. NR 83 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 70 IS 12 BP 3895 EP 3919 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-050.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 255GX UT WOS:000327228500004 ER PT J AU Pattanaik, DR Rathore, LS Kumar, A AF Pattanaik, D. R. Rathore, L. S. Kumar, Arun TI Observed and Forecasted Intraseasonal Activity of Southwest Monsoon Rainfall over India During 2010, 2011 and 2012 SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Indian monsoon; ECMWF monthly forecast; NCEP CFS; intraseasonal oscillation; extended range prediction; active-break cycle; skill scores ID TROPICAL PACIFIC; SUMMER MONSOON; PREDICTION; SYSTEM; VARIABILITY; OSCILLATION; CIRCULATION; OCEAN; SIMULATIONS; PROJECT AB The monsoon seasons of 2010 and 2011, with almost identical seasonal total rainfall over India from June to September, are associated with slightly different patterns of intraseasonal rainfall fluctuations. Similarly, the year 2012, with relatively less rainfall compared to 2010 and 2011, also witnessed different intraseasonal rainfall fluctuations, leading to drought-like situations over some parts of the country. The present article discusses the forecasting aspect of monsoon activity over India during these 3 years on an extended range time scale (up to 3 weeks) by using the multimodel ensemble (MME), based on operational coupled model outputs from the ECMWF monthly forecasting system and the NCEP's Climate Forecast System (CFS). The average correlation coefficient (CC) of weekly observed all-India rainfall (AIR) and the corresponding MME forecast AIR is found to be significant, above the 98 % level up to 2 weeks (up to 18 days) with a slight positive CC for the week 3 (days 19-25) forecast. However, like the variation of observed intraseasonal rainfall fluctuations during 2010, 2011 and 2012 monsoon seasons, the MME forecast skills of weekly AIR are also found to be different from one another, with the 2012 monsoon season indicating significant CC (above 99 % level) up to week 2 (12-18 days), and also a comparatively higher CC (0.45) during the week 3 forecast (days 19-25). The average CC between observed and forecasted weekly AIR rainfall over four homogeneous regions of India is found to be the lowest over the southern peninsula of India (SPI), and northeast India (NEI) is found to be significant only for the week 1 (days 5-11) forecast. However, the CC is found to be significant over northwest India (NWI) and central India (CEI), at least above the 90 % level up to 18 days, with NWI having slightly better skill compared to the CEI. For the individual monsoon seasons of 2010, 2011 and 2012, there is some variation in CC and other skill scores over the four homogeneous regions. Thus the slight variations in the characteristics of intraseasonal monsoon rainfall over India is associated with variations in predictive skill of the coupled models and the MME-based predictions of intraseasonal monsoon fluctuations for 2-3 weeks, providing encouraging results. The MME forecast in 2010 is also able to provide useful guidance, well in advance, about an active September associated with a delayed withdrawal of the monsoon and also the heavy rainfall over north Pakistan. C1 [Pattanaik, D. R.; Rathore, L. S.] Indian Meteorol Dept, New Delhi, India. [Kumar, Arun] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Pattanaik, DR (reprint author), Indian Meteorol Dept, New Delhi, India. EM pattanaik_dr@yahoo.co.in NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 170 IS 12 BP 2305 EP 2328 DI 10.1007/s00024-013-0670-1 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 253ET UT WOS:000327066000017 ER PT J AU Griffiths, SP Olson, RJ Watters, GM AF Griffiths, Shane P. Olson, Robert J. Watters, George M. TI Complex wasp-waist regulation of pelagic ecosystems in the Pacific Ocean SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Ecopath; Ecosim; Ecosystem modelling; Top-down; Bottom-up; Wasp-waist ID SOUTHERN BENGUELA ECOSYSTEM; MARINE FOOD WEBS; BOTTOM-UP; TOP-DOWN; UPWELLING ECOSYSTEMS; TROPHIC CASCADES; YELLOWFIN TUNA; FISHERIES; DYNAMICS; ZOOPLANKTON AB 'Wasp-waist' control of marine ecosystems is driven by a combination of top-down and bottom-up forcing by a few abundant short-lived species occupying intermediate trophic levels that form a narrow 'waist' through which energy flow from low to high trophic levels is controlled. It has been assumed that wasp-waist control occurs primarily in highly productive and species-poor systems (e.g. upwelling regions). Two large, species-rich, pelagic ecosystems in the relatively oligotrophic eastern and western Pacific Ocean also show wasp-waist-like structure, in that short-lived and fast-growing cephalopods and fishes at intermediate trophic levels comprise the vast majority of the biomass. Possible forcing dynamics of these systems were examined using ecosystem models by altering the biomass of phytoplankton (bottom-up forcing), large pelagic predators (top-down forcing), and intermediate 'wasp-waist' functional groups independently and observing how these changes propagated throughout the ecosystem. The largest effects were seen when altering the biomass of mid trophic-level epipelagic and mesopelagic fishes, where dramatic trophic cascades occurred both upward and downward in the system. We conclude that the high productivity and standing biomass of animals at intermediate trophic levels has a strong top-down influence on the abundance of primary producers. Furthermore, their importance as prey for large predators results in bottom-up controls on populations at higher trophic levels. We show that these tropical pelagic ecosystems possess a complex structure whereby several waist groups and alternate trophic pathways from primary producers to apex predators can cause unpredictable effects when the biomasses of particular functional groups are altered. Such models highlight the possible structuring mechanisms in pelagic systems, which have implications for fisheries that exploit these wasp-waist groups, such as squid fisheries, as well as for fisheries of top predators such as tunas and billfishes that prey upon wasp-waist species. C1 [Griffiths, Shane P.] CSIRO Div Marine & Atmospher Res, GPO, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Olson, Robert J.] Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Watters, George M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Griffiths, SP (reprint author), CSIRO Div Marine & Atmospher Res, GPO, Box 2583, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. EM shane.griffiths@csiro.au FU CSIRO [2004/063]; Fisheries Research Development Corporation; Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission FX The Eastern Tuna and Billfish Fishery ecosystem model was developed in FRDC project 2004/063 "Determining the ecological effects of longlining in the Eastern Tuna and Billfish Fishery" funded by the CSIRO and the Fisheries Research Development Corporation. The production of this paper was funded through a CSIRO Julius Career Award to S. P. Griffiths with support from the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission. NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 23 IS 4 BP 459 EP 475 DI 10.1007/s11160-012-9301-7 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 253NG UT WOS:000327094000003 ER PT J AU Reyes-Tomassini, J Wong, T Zohar, Y AF Reyes-Tomassini, Jose Wong, Ten Tsao Zohar, Yonathan TI GnRH isoforms expression in relation to the gonadal cycle and to dominance rank in the Gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata (vol 39, pg 993, 2013) SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Correction C1 [Reyes-Tomassini, Jose; Wong, Ten Tsao] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Columbus Ctr, Aquaculture Res Ctr, Inst Marine & Environm Technol,Dept Marine Biotec, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. [Reyes-Tomassini, Jose] NOAA Fisheries, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Wong, Ten Tsao] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Zohar, Yonathan] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Columbus Ctr, Inst Marine & Environm Technol, Dept Marine Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. RP Zohar, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Columbus Ctr, Inst Marine & Environm Technol, Dept Marine Biotechnol, 701 East Pratt St, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. EM zohar@umbc.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 EI 1573-5168 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1681 EP 1681 DI 10.1007/s10695-013-9801-y PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 249TO UT WOS:000326800100027 ER PT J AU Dennis, T Nebendahl, B AF Dennis, Tasshi Nebendahl, Bernd TI Producing Known Complex Modulation Signals for Characterization of Coherent Optical Receivers SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coherent communications; complex modulation formats; heterodyne; metrology; phase lock loop ID PHASE-LOCKED LOOP; SAMPLING OSCILLOSCOPES; CALIBRATION; NETWORKS AB We introduce a family of complex modulation signals that are generated as patterns over the real and imaginary plane for characterization of coherent optical receivers. The properties of the complex signals can be predicted from first principles, enabling quantitative comparisons between measurement and theory. An optical heterodyne technique with phase-locked loops for frequency control and narrow-band lasers was used to create the known signals, providing temporal stability and ease of operation. The modulation patterns could be made arbitrarily intricate simply by selection of the heterodyne frequencies, with no hardware modifications. The technique is capable of generating signals with frequencies of more than 100 GHz. A real-time optical modulation analyzer was used to visualize the modulation patterns and illustrate their properties. In turn, we used the modulation patterns to characterize the coherent receiver within the modulation analyzer, thereby examining its demodulation algorithm, software processing, digital filtering, and detector gain balance. By working with known modulation patterns, we were able to create an error vector waveform to allow quantitative evaluation of measured signals as they spanned the complex plane. C1 [Dennis, Tasshi] NIST, Dept Quantum Elect & Photon, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Nebendahl, Bernd] Agilent Technol, D-71034 Boblingen, Germany. RP Dennis, T (reprint author), NIST, Dept Quantum Elect & Photon, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tasshi@boulder.nist.gov; Bernd_Nebendahl@Agilent.com NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8724 EI 1558-2213 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 31 IS 23 BP 3707 EP 3713 DI 10.1109/JLT.2013.2284157 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 252CX UT WOS:000326983400012 ER PT J AU Muller-Karger, F Roffer, M Walker, N Oliver, M Schofield, O Abbott, M Graber, H Leben, R Goni, G AF Muller-Karger, Frank Roffer, Mitchell Walker, Nan Oliver, Matt Schofield, Oscar Abbott, Mark Graber, Hans Leben, Robert Goni, Gustavo TI Satellite Remote Sensing in Support of an Integrated Ocean Observing System SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB Earth observing satellites represent some of the most valued components of the international Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and of the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), both part of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS). In the United States, such satellites are a cornerstone of the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS), required to carry out advanced coastal and ocean research, and to implement and sustain sensible resource management policies based on science. Satellite imagery and satellite-derived data are required for mapping vital coastal and marine resources, improving maritime domain awareness, and to better understand the complexities of land, ocean, atmosphere, ice, biological, and social interactions. These data are critical to the strategic planning of in situ observing components and are critical to improving forecasting and numerical modeling. Specifically, there are several stakeholder communities that require periodic, frequent, and sustained synoptic observations. Of particular importance are indicators of ecosystem structure (habitat and species inventories), ecosystem states (health and change) and observations about physical and biogeochemical variables to support the operational and research communities, and industry sectors including mining, fisheries, and transportation. IOOS requires a strategy to coordinate the human capacity, and fund, advance, and maintain the infrastructure that provides improved remote sensing observations and support for the nation and the globe. A partnership between the private, government, and education sectors will enhance remote sensing support and product development for critical coastal and deep-water regions based on infrared, ocean color, and microwave satellite sensors. These partnerships need to include international research, government, and industry sectors in order to facilitate open data access, understanding of calibration and algorithm strategies, and fill gaps in coverage. Such partnerships will define the types of observations required to sustain vibrant coastal economies and to improve the health of our marine and coastal ecosystems. They are required to plan, fund, launch and operate the types of satellite sensors needed in the very near future to maintain continuity of observations. C1 [Muller-Karger, Frank] Univ S Florida, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Roffer, Mitchell] Roffers Ocean Fishing Forecasting Serv Inc, Melbourne, FL USA. [Walker, Nan] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Oliver, Matt] Univ Delaware, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. [Schofield, Oscar] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Abbott, Mark] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Graber, Hans] Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Leben, Robert] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Goni, Gustavo] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Muller-Karger, F (reprint author), Univ S Florida, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RI Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012; OI Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170; schofield, oscar/0000-0003-2359-4131 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2168-6831 J9 IEEE GEOSC REM SEN M JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Mag. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 1 IS 4 BP 8 EP 18 DI 10.1109/MGRS.2013.2289656 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA V45KX UT WOS:000209816600003 ER PT J AU Staymates, ME Grandner, J Verkouteren, JR AF Staymates, Matthew E. Grandner, Jessica Verkouteren, Jennifer R. TI Pressure-Sensitive Sampling Wands for Homeland Security Applications SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Explosives; narcotics; particle collection; trace detection; wipe sampling AB This paper discusses the use of force sensing resistor (FSR) technology integrated into sampling wands used for homeland security applications. FSR-integrated wands can be used for the optimization of wipe sampling of surfaces to facilitate enhanced trace contraband collection. Collection efficiencies during wipe sampling are known to be dependent on the applied force, or pressure, used during sampling. Light-emitting diodes designed to switch from red to green at a defined force threshold of 7 N provide feedback to the operator during sampling. The goal of maintaining forces at or above the threshold was successfully demonstrated by testing with a volunteer population of 22. An additional benefit is the reduction in the variability of the force applied by each operator during sampling. Another focus area is the development of prototype sampling wands that fit in the palm of the hand and other wand modifications that increase the reliability of wipe sampling by registering the placement of the collected sample properly on the wipe. This paper also outlines how an array-based FSR can be used to visualize contact area and pressure during wipe sampling. C1 [Staymates, Matthew E.; Grandner, Jessica; Verkouteren, Jennifer R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Staymates, ME (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matthew.staymates@.nist.gov; jessica.grandner@.nist.gov; jennifer.verkouteren@.nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate through National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate through an interagency agreement with the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The associate editor coordinating the review of this paper and approving it for publication was Dr. Stefan J. Rupitsch. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-437X EI 1558-1748 J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 13 IS 12 BP 4844 EP 4850 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2013.2274573 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 236QK UT WOS:000325814000013 ER PT J AU Kattner, UR AF Kattner, Ursula R. TI What's in a Name? SO JOURNAL OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND DIFFUSION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kattner, UR (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ursula.kattner@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1547-7037 EI 1863-7345 J9 J PHASE EQUILIB DIFF JI J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 34 IS 6 BP 437 EP 437 DI 10.1007/s11669-013-0267-5 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 245IQ UT WOS:000326457600001 ER PT J AU Kaplan, IC Gray, IA Levin, PS AF Kaplan, Isaac C. Gray, Iris A. Levin, Phillip S. TI Cumulative impacts of fisheries in the California Current SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Atlantis ecosystem model; California Current; cumulative and interactive impacts; effects of fishing gears ID ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OCEAN; SYSTEMS AB Ecosystem-based fisheries management calls for the consideration of the indirect and cumulative effects of fishing, in addition to estimating direct fishing mortality. Here, we quantify such effects of fishing fleets, and their interactions, using a spatially explicit Atlantis simulation model of the food web and fisheries in the California Current. Simulations testing the effects of single fleets suggested that bottom trawl, fixed gear, and hake (Merluccius productus) trawl primarily have direct impacts on their target and bycatch species. Few indirect effects from these three fleets extended through predator-prey links to other parts of the food web. In contrast, effects of the purse seine fleet extended beyond the three groups it harvested, strongly altering the abundance of predators, planktonic prey, and benthos. In terms of nine ecosystem attributes, our experiments involving single fleets identified six fleets that caused the bulk of negative impacts. Specific fleets impacted different aspects of the ecosystem, for instance with groundfish gears causing reductions in piscivore abundance, and hake trawl and purse seine increasing krill through reducing abundance of planktivores. In terms of interactions among fleets' effects, the vast majority of effects were simply additive - the combined effect of two fleets was simply the sum of the individual fleets' effects. The analyses offer one way to sharpen the focus of ecosystem-based fisheries management in the California Current, emphasizing impacts and interactions of particular stressors. C1 [Kaplan, Isaac C.; Gray, Iris A.; Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Kaplan, IC (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM isaac.kaplan@noaa.gov FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; David and Lucille Packard Foundation FX This work was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the David and Lucille Packard Foundation. Chris Harvey and Kelly Andrews provided comments on early drafts. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-2960 EI 1467-2979 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 14 IS 4 BP 515 EP 527 DI 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2012.00484.x PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 239LV UT WOS:000326027100005 ER PT J AU Handegard, NO du Buisson, L Brehmer, P Chalmers, SJ De Robertis, A Huse, G Kloser, R Macaulay, G Maury, O Ressler, PH Stenseth, NC Godo, OR AF Handegard, Nils Olav du Buisson, Louis Brehmer, Patrice Chalmers, Stewart J. De Robertis, Alex Huse, Geir Kloser, Rudy Macaulay, Gavin Maury, Olivier Ressler, Patrick H. Stenseth, Nils Chr Godo, Olav Rune TI Towards an acoustic-based coupled observation and modelling system for monitoring and predicting ecosystem dynamics of the open ocean SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem models; fisheries acoustics; micronekton; mid-trophic level; observatories; platforms of opportunity ID TO-END MODELS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; FISHERIES ACOUSTICS; DATA ASSIMILATION; MONTEREY BAY; GLOBAL OCEAN; BERING-SEA; FISH; CLASSIFICATION; CLIMATE AB Assessment of open-ocean ecosystems relies on understanding ecosystem dynamics, and development of end-to-end ecosystem models represents an approach that addresses these challenges. These models incorporate the population structure and dynamics of marine organisms at all trophic levels. Satellite remote sensing of ocean colour and direct at-sea measurements provide information on the lower trophic levels of the models, and fisheries studies provide information on top predator species. However, these models suffer from a lack of observations for the so-called mid-trophic levels, which are poorly sampled by conventional methods. This restricts further development, and we argue that acoustic observations from a range of platforms (e.g. buoys, moorings) can be linked to the ecosystem models to provide much-needed information on these trophic levels. To achieve this, the models need to be tailored to incorporate the available acoustic data, and the link from acoustic backscatter to biologically relevant variables (biomass, carbon, etc.) needs attention. Methods to progress this issue are proposed, including the development of observation models and focal areas for ground truthing. To ensure full use of the potential of acoustic techniques, we argue that a systematic and long-term strategy incorporating the following elements is required: development of metadata standards and automated data analysis, inclusion of acoustic sensors in large-scale observatory programmes, improvement of observation-model links, and efficient sampling strategies. Finally, these elements should be tied together in an observation-modelling framework, coordinated by international organizations, to improve our understanding and quantification of open-ocean ecosystem dynamics. C1 [Handegard, Nils Olav; Huse, Geir; Macaulay, Gavin; Godo, Olav Rune] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [du Buisson, Louis] Univ Cape Town, Dept Zool, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. [du Buisson, Louis; Maury, Olivier] UMR EME IRD IFREMER UM2, Inst Rech Dev, F-34203 Sete, France. [Brehmer, Patrice] UMR LEMAR UBO CNRS IRD IFREMER, Inst Rech Dev, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Chalmers, Stewart J.] Univ Aberdeen, Oceanlab, Newburgh AB41 6AA, Aberdeen, Scotland. [De Robertis, Alex; Ressler, Patrick H.] NOAA, Dept Commerce, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kloser, Rudy] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Maury, Olivier] Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. [Stenseth, Nils Chr] Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, CEES, Oslo, Norway. [Stenseth, Nils Chr] Inst Marine Res, Flodevigen Marine Res Stn, N-4817 His, Norway. RP Handegard, NO (reprint author), Inst Marine Res, POB 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. EM nilsolav@imr.no RI du Buisson, Louis/K-1233-2014; Stenseth, Nils Chr./G-5212-2016; Handegard, Nils Olav /I-3047-2012; Maury, Olivier/I-4513-2013; OI du Buisson, Louis/0000-0002-2188-391X; Stenseth, Nils Chr./0000-0002-1591-5399; Handegard, Nils Olav /0000-0002-9708-9042; Maury, Olivier/0000-0002-7999-9982; Macaulay, Gavin/0000-0003-2518-6537; Godo, Olav Rune/0000-0001-8826-8068 FU EurOcean consortium [EOC/PFB/2010.0012]; Norwegian Research Council [200497/130]; South African NRF; University of Cape Town; French IRD through ICEMASA FX The views in this paper stem from a Foresight workshop sponsored by the EurOcean consortium (grant EOC/PFB/2010.0012), organized by the IMBER-CLIOTOP Mid-trophic Automatic Acoustic Sampler (MAAS) Working Group and held at the Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway, from 3 to 6 May 2011. The attendees comprised 18 invited scientists of 10 nationalities, ranging from PhD students to experienced engineers and researchers in ecosystem modelling, data assimilation, fisheries acoustics, sub-sea engineering and fisheries management. We are grateful to the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (UNESCO), Europole Mer (Research Axis 5 - Complex systems for observation, measures and intervention) and the Norwegian Research Council (grant 200497/130) for further financial support. LdB was financially supported by the South African NRF, the University of Cape Town, and the French IRD through ICEMASA. We thank the Institute of Marine Research in Bergen for hosting the workshop, and the ICES working group on fisheries acoustics science and technology for useful discussions. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of their institution of affiliation. NR 55 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-2960 EI 1467-2979 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 14 IS 4 BP 605 EP 615 DI 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2012.00480.x PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 239LV UT WOS:000326027100009 ER PT J AU Gutt, J Griffiths, HJ Jones, CD AF Gutt, Julian Griffiths, Huw J. Jones, Christopher D. TI Circumpolar overview and spatial heterogeneity of Antarctic macrobenthic communities SO MARINE BIODIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE Biogeographic pattern; Macrobenthic classification; Suspension feeders; Infauna; Mobile deposit feeders ID SHELF; DISTURBANCE; SEA AB The geographical coverage of a comprehensive dataset on Antarctic macrobenthic communities is provided for the first time. Since the sampling methods applied since the 1950s vary considerably, a robust analysis was carried out. The results show firstly, that all main types of communities, especially suspension and mobile or infaunal deposit feeders, can occur everywhere. Thus, their biogeography is hardly predictable and assumed to be shaped by complex biological interactions. Secondly, the often-mentioned dominance of communities composed of suspension feeders and associated fauna can be confirmed. C1 [Gutt, Julian] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Griffiths, Huw J.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Jones, Christopher D.] NOAA, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Gutt, J (reprint author), Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Columbusstr, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany. EM Julian.gutt@awi.de; hjg@bas.ac.uk; Chris.D.Jones@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1867-1616 EI 1867-1624 J9 MAR BIODIVERS JI Mar. Biodivers. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 43 IS 4 BP 481 EP 487 DI 10.1007/s12526-013-0152-9 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 236SV UT WOS:000325820500020 ER PT J AU Stefaniak, AB Hackley, VA Roebben, G Ehara, K Hankin, S Postek, MT Lynch, I Fu, WE Linsinger, TPJ Thunemann, AF AF Stefaniak, Aleksandr B. Hackley, Vincent A. Roebben, Gert Ehara, Kensei Hankin, Steve Postek, Michael T. Lynch, Iseult Fu, Wei-En Linsinger, Thomas P. J. Thuenemann, Andreas F. TI Nanoscale reference materials for environmental, health and safety measurements: needs, gaps and opportunities SO NANOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE engineered nanomaterials; nano-objects; nanoparticles; nanotechnology; reference materials; characterisation; physico-chemical properties; exposure; risk ID ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; RISK-ASSESSMENT; PUBLIC-HEALTH; NANOMATERIALS; NANOTECHNOLOGY; STRATEGIES; PARTICLES; FOOD; IDENTIFICATION AB The authors critically reviewed published lists of nano-objects and their physico-chemical properties deemed important for risk assessment and discussed metrological challenges associated with the development of nanoscale reference materials (RMs). Five lists were identified that contained 25 (classes of) nano-objects; only four (gold, silicon dioxide, silver, titanium dioxide) appeared on all lists. Twenty-three properties were identified for characterisation; only (specific) surface area appeared on all lists. The key themes that emerged from this review were: 1) various groups have prioritised nano-objects for development as "candidate RMs" with limited consensus; 2) a lack of harmonised terminology hinders accurate description of many nano-object properties; 3) many properties identified for characterisation are ill-defined or qualitative and hence are not metrologically traceable; 4) standardised protocols are critically needed for characterisation of nano-objects as delivered in relevant media and as administered to toxicological models; 5) the measurement processes being used to characterise a nano-object must be understood because instruments may measure a given sample in a different way; 6) appropriate RMs should be used for both accurate instrument calibration and for more general testing purposes (e. g., protocol validation); 7) there is a need to clarify that where RMs are not available, if "(representative) test materials" that lack reference or certified values may be useful for toxicology testing and 8) there is a need for consensus building within the nanotechnology and environmental, health and safety communities to prioritise RM needs and better define the required properties and (physical or chemical) forms of the candidate materials. C1 [Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.] NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Roebben, Gert; Linsinger, Thomas P. J.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Geel, Belgium. [Ehara, Kensei] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Hankin, Steve] Inst Occupat Med, Edinburgh EH8 9SV, Midlothian, Scotland. [Postek, Michael T.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lynch, Iseult] Univ Coll Dublin, Ctr BioNano Interact, Sch Chem & Chem Biol, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Fu, Wei-En] Ind Technol Res Inst, Ctr Measurement Stand, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Thuenemann, Andreas F.] BAM Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, Berlin, Germany. RP Stefaniak, AB (reprint author), NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM AStefaniak@cdc.gov RI Lynch, Iseult/I-3915-2014; OI Lynch, Iseult/0000-0003-4250-4584; Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724 FU European Community [INFRA-2010-262163] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge R. MacCuspie at NIST and V. Castranova and M. Murashov at NIOSH for critical review of this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. This work received support from the European Community Research Infrastructures project QNano which is financed under the FP7 Capacities Programme (Grant No. INFRA-2010-262163). NR 77 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 6 U2 108 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1743-5390 J9 NANOTOXICOLOGY JI Nanotoxicology PD DEC PY 2013 VL 7 IS 8 BP 1325 EP 1337 DI 10.3109/17435390.2012.739664 PG 13 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA 232NE UT WOS:000325499800004 PM 23061887 ER PT J AU Dohrmann, M Vargas, S Janussen, D Collins, AG Worheide, G AF Dohrmann, Martin Vargas, Sergio Janussen, Dorte Collins, Allen G. Woerheide, Gert TI Molecular paleobiology of early-branching animals: integrating DNA and fossils elucidates the evolutionary history of hexactinellid sponges SO PALEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPICULE ASSEMBLAGE; PORIFERA; PHYLOGENY; CHINA; GLASS; MODELS; CLOCK; FAUNA; MOUNTAINS; AUSTRALIA AB Reconciliation of paleontological and molecular phylogenetic evidence holds great promise for a better understanding of the temporal succession of cladogenesis and character evolution, especially for taxa with a fragmentary fossil record and uncertain classification. In zoology, studies of this kind have largely been restricted to Bilateria. Hexactinellids (glass sponges) readily lend themselves to test such an approach for early-branching (non-bilaterian) animals: they have a long and rich fossil record, but for certain taxa paleontological evidence is still scarce or ambiguous. Furthermore, there is a lack of consensus for taxonomic interpretations, and discrepancies exist between neontological and paleontological classification systems. Using conservative fossil calibration constraints and the largest molecular phylogenetic data set assembled for this group, we infer divergence times of crown-group Hexactinellida in a Bayesian relaxed molecular clock framework. With some notable exceptions, our results are largely congruent with interpretations of the hexactinellid fossil record, but also indicate long periods of undocumented evolution for several groups. This study illustrates the potential of an integrated molecular/paleobiological approach to reconstructing the evolution of challenging groups of organisms. C1 [Dohrmann, Martin; Vargas, Sergio; Woerheide, Gert] Univ Munich, Dept Geo & Umweltwissensch, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Woerheide, Gert] Univ Munich, GeoBioCtrLMU, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Woerheide, Gert] Bayer Staatsammlung Palaontol & Geol, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Janussen, Dorte] Forsch Inst Senckenberg, Sekt Marine Evertebraten 1, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Systemat Lab, NMFS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Worheide, G (reprint author), Univ Munich, Dept Geo & Umweltwissensch, Richard Wagner Str 10, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM woerheide@lmu.de RI Vargas, Sergio/A-5678-2011; Worheide, Gert/C-1080-2008; OI Vargas, Sergio/0000-0001-8704-1339; Worheide, Gert/0000-0002-6380-7421; Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [JA 1063/13-1-3, JA 1063/14-1-2, WO 896/9-1-2]; Smithsonian Institution; National Science Foundation [DEB-0829986] FX We thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for funding our research projects on the phylogeny of Hexactinellida (JA 1063/13-1-3, JA 1063/14-1-2, WO 896/9-1-2). MD acknowledges the Smithsonian Institution for additional support through a Postdoctoral Fellowship. AGC acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (DEB-0829986). We thank Kevin Peterson, an anonymous reviewer, and Associate Editor Martin Aberhan for their feedback on the manuscript. NR 77 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 257 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0094-8373 EI 1938-5331 J9 PALEOBIOLOGY JI Paleobiology PD WIN PY 2013 VL 39 IS 1 BP 95 EP 108 DI 10.1666/0094-8373-39.1.95 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology GA 068XG UT WOS:000313398900006 ER PT J AU Ying, KR Zheng, XG Quan, XW Frederiksen, CS AF Ying, Kairan Zheng, Xiaogu Quan, Xiao-Wei Frederiksen, Carsten S. TI Predictable signals of seasonal precipitation in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rainfall; Kuroshio current; ENSO; NAO ID ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EAST-ASIA; INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; MEAN FIELDS; LATE 1970S; ENSO; RAINFALL; OSCILLATION; ANOMALIES AB An effort is made to identify the more predictable' signals in seasonal precipitation in the Eastern Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley of China based on the observations recorded for the period of 1951-2004 at a network of 23 stations in this region. A recently developed methodology for decomposing the interannual variance of seasonal mean climate fields is applied to precipitation time series at the stations. This allows the total interannual variance to be separated into the variance of a slow component, or predictable signal, and the variance of a more noisier component of rainfall associated with intraseasonal variability. The potential predictability (signal-to-total ratio) is generally moderate in this region and is lower during winter from January to March (JFM) and higher in summer from May to July (MJJ) and autumn from November to January (NDJ). Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is then applied to the predictable-, intraseasonal- and total-covariance matrices, respectively. Leading EOF modes of the total component more often resemble the EOF modes of the intraseasonal component when the potential predictability is lower and vice versa. Temporal variation of the leading modes in the predictable components is more closely linked to the interannual variability of Eastern Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) in early summer (MJJ), North Atlantic SST in late summer (JAS) and El Nino/Southern oscillation in late autumn (NDJ). The rainfall SST connections found in these seasons persist throughout the entire 54-year period. The predictable rainfall modes also have apparent linkages to the intensity and position of the Western Pacific subtropical high during the early summer and late autumn with more rainfall occurring in the region when the height pattern is more intensive and extends further west. During the late summer, the predictable rainfall variability is accompanied by a large variation of tropospheric advection from north of the region, indicating the impact of an anomalous atmospheric circulation associated with the variation of summer North Atlantic Oscillation. C1 [Ying, Kairan; Zheng, Xiaogu] Beijing Normal Univ, GCESS, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Quan, Xiao-Wei] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Quan, Xiao-Wei] NOAA, ESRL, PSD, Boulder, CO USA. [Frederiksen, Carsten S.] Bur Meteorol, CAWCR, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Ying, KR (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, GCESS, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM ykr@mail.bnu.edu.cn FU National Program on Key Basic Research Projects of China [2010CB951604, 2010CB428402]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40875062] FX We would like to thank Dr. Simon Grainger for useful comments. We gratefully acknowledge the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which helped greatly in improving the quality of this manuscript. We also grateful to the editors for their hard work and suggestions on this manuscript. This work was supported by National Program on Key Basic Research Projects of China (grant nos. 2010CB951604 and 2010CB428402), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China General Program (grant no. 40875062). NR 39 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD NOV 30 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 14 BP 3002 EP 3015 DI 10.1002/joc.3644 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 251VX UT WOS:000326961100006 ER PT J AU Kelly, GM Taubman, BF Perry, LB Sherman, JP Soule, PT Sheridan, PJ AF Kelly, G. M. Taubman, B. F. Perry, L. B. Sherman, J. P. Soule, P. T. Sheridan, P. J. TI Relationships between aerosols and precipitation in the southern Appalachian Mountains SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aerosols; precipitation; southern Appalachians ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; AIR-POLLUTION; OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION; HEAVY RAINFALL; CLOUDS; SNOW; SUPPRESSION; ABSORPTION; POLLUTANTS; CHEMISTRY AB There are many uncertainties associated with aerosol-precipitation interactions, particularly in mountain regions where a variety of processes at different spatial scales influence precipitation patterns. Statistical relationships between aerosols and precipitation were examined in the southern Appalachian Mountains to determine the seasonal and synoptic influences on these relationships, as well as the influence of air mass source region. Precipitation events were identified based on regional precipitation data and classified using a synoptic classification scheme developed for this study and published in a separate manuscript (Kelly et al. 2012). Hourly aerosol data were collected at the Appalachian Atmospheric Interdisciplinary Research (AppalAIR) facility at Appalachian State University in Boone, NC (1110 m asl, 36.215 degrees, -81.680 degrees). Backward air trajectories provided information on upstream atmospheric characteristics and source regions. During the warm season (June-September), greater aerosol loading dominated by larger particles was observed, whereas cool season (November-April) precipitation events exhibited overall lower aerosol loading with an apparent influence from biomass burning particles. A significant relationship between aerosol optical properties and precipitation intensity was observed, which may be indicative of aerosol-induced precipitation enhancement in each season, particularly during warm season non-frontal precipitation. C1 [Kelly, G. M.; Perry, L. B.; Soule, P. T.] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Geog & Planning, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Taubman, B. F.] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Chem, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Sherman, J. P.] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Sheridan, P. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kelly, GM (reprint author), Appalachian State Univ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. EM kellygm@email.appstate.edu NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD NOV 30 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 14 BP 3016 EP 3028 DI 10.1002/joc.3632 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 251VX UT WOS:000326961100007 ER PT J AU Li, WH Li, LF Fu, R Deng, Y Wang, H AF Li, Wenhong Li, Laifang Fu, Rong Deng, Yi Wang, Hui TI Comments on 'Influences of the Bermuda High and atmospheric moistening on changes in summer rainfall in the Atlanta, Georgia region, USA' SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bermuda high; summer precipitation; trends; western ridge ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; INTENSIFICATION; VARIABILITY AB In a recent article, Diem (2012) examined the impact of the North Atlantic Subtropical High (NASH) and atmospheric moistening on summer rainfall variability in the Atlanta, Georgia region. In his paper, he indicated that the results concerning the variability of the NASH western ridge discussed in Li et al. (2011) are incorrect. We present new evidence here to show that the comments by Diem (2012) are unjustified; the main conclusions in Li et al. (2011) were drawn according to the data over a 60-year (1948-2007) and 45-year (1958-2002) periods of NCEP/NCAR and ERA-40 reanalysis, whereas conclusions of Diem (2011) were based upon the trend analysis of a similar but different index of the NASH using sub-periods of 1948-2009 (since late 1970s). The comment emphases the importance of climate dynamics to study precipitation variability over the Southeastern US and further strengthens the conclusions originally put forth in Li et al. (2011): over the last 60 years (1948-2007), the NASH has shown a significant trend of westward movement, and the meridional movement of the NASH western-ridge (i.e. its latitudinal change) has enhanced in the recent three decades. C1 [Li, Wenhong; Li, Laifang] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Fu, Rong] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX USA. [Deng, Yi] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wang, Hui] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, College Pk, MD USA. [Wang, Hui] Wyle Sci Technol & Engn Grp, Mclean, VA USA. RP Li, WH (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, 321C Old Chem Bldg,POB 90227, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM wenhong.li@duke.edu RI Wang, Hui/B-6516-2008 FU NSF [AGS 1147601, AGS 1147608] FX This work is supported by the NSF AGS 1147601 and NSF AGS 1147608. We thank three anonymous reviewers and the editor for their constructive comments and suggestions. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD NOV 30 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 14 BP 3083 EP 3085 DI 10.1002/joc.3675 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 251VX UT WOS:000326961100012 ER PT J AU Sergienko, OV Hindmarsh, RCA AF Sergienko, Olga V. Hindmarsh, Richard C. A. TI Regular Patterns in Frictional Resistance of Ice-Stream Beds Seen by Surface Data Inversion SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; SHEET; FLOW; ANTARCTICA; THICKNESS; SEDIMENT; WATER; TILL AB Fast-flowing glaciers and ice streams are pathways for ice discharge from the interior of the Antarctic Ice Sheet to ice shelves, at rates controlled by conditions at the ice-bed interface. Using recently compiled high-resolution data sets and a standard inverse method, we computed basal shear stress distributions beneath Pine Island and Thwaites Glaciers, which are currently losing mass at an accelerating rate. The inversions reveal the presence of riblike patterns of very high basal shear stress embedded within much larger areas with zero basal shear stress. Their colocation with highs in the gradient of hydraulic potential suggests that subglacial water may control the evolution of these high-shear-stress ribs, potentially causing migration of the grounding line by changes in basal resistance in its vicinity. C1 [Sergienko, Olga V.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Hindmarsh, Richard C. A.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. RP Sergienko, OV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 201 Forrestal Road, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM osergien@princeton.edu RI Hindmarsh, Richard/C-1405-2012 OI Hindmarsh, Richard/0000-0003-1633-2416 FU NSF [CMG-0934534]; British Antarctic Survey Polar Science for Planet Earth program FX This research is supported by NSF grant CMG-0934534 and the British Antarctic Survey Polar Science for Planet Earth program. We thank anonymous referees for their valuable comments and suggestions. NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 29 PY 2013 VL 342 IS 6162 BP 1086 EP 1089 DI 10.1126/science.1243903 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 259HS UT WOS:000327518600055 PM 24200815 ER PT J AU Ray, J Griffiths, J Collilieux, X Rebischung, P AF Ray, J. Griffiths, J. Collilieux, X. Rebischung, P. TI Subseasonal GNSS positioning errors SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE GNSS; GPS; position time series ID COORDINATE TIME-SERIES; DAILY EARTH ROTATION; GPS OBSERVATIONS AB Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) station coordinate errors over seasonal and longer time scales are known to be spatially and temporally correlated with flicker noise spectra. Overlaying this are strong annual and semiannual variations that cannot be explained by any single phenomenon. Next most prominent are harmonics of the GPS draconitic year with periods of (351.4/N) days. One explanation is that errors in the standard model for Earth orientation parameter (EOP) tidal variations near 12 and 24 h periods are absorbed into the resonant GPS orbit and daily EOP estimates, resulting mainly in draconitic and fortnightly alias signatures for 24 h product sampling. With the change in International GNSS Service (IGS) station coordinates from weekly to daily resolution in August 2012, it is now possible to study subseasonal performance. All IGS Analysis Centers (ACs) show fortnightly signals, but the resolution will not be sufficient to distinguish direct from aliased subdaily tidal error sources till two more years of data are available. Nevertheless, aliased errors from the subdaily EOP tide model are expected. All but one of the ACs that includes GLONASS data have signals at similar to 8 day periods, the ground repeat period for GLONASS orbits. This most likely arises from larger geographically correlated orbit errors for GLONASS. Two ACs possess unique short-period features that appear to be caused by peculiarities of their analysis strategies. C1 [Ray, J.; Griffiths, J.] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Collilieux, X.; Rebischung, P.] Univ Paris Diderot, IGN LAREG, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France. RP Ray, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, SSMC3-8817,N NGS6,1315 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM jim.ray@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 22 BP 5854 EP 5860 DI 10.1002/2013GL058160 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 268ZX UT WOS:000328210600006 ER PT J AU Banwell, AF MacAyeal, DR Sergienko, OV AF Banwell, Alison F. MacAyeal, Douglas R. Sergienko, Olga V. TI Breakup of the Larsen B Ice Shelf triggered by chain reaction drainage of supraglacial lakes SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ice shelves; surface lakes; surface hydrology; melting ID ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; COLLAPSE AB The explosive disintegration of the Larsen B Ice Shelf poses two unresolved questions: What process (1) set a horizontal fracture spacing sufficiently small to predispose the subsequent ice shelf fragments to capsize and (2) synchronized the widespread drainage of >2750 supraglacial meltwater lakes observed in the days prior to break up? We answer both questions through analysis of the ice shelf's elastic flexure response to the supraglacial lakes on the ice shelf prior to break up. By expanding the previously articulated role of lakes beyond mere water reservoirs supporting hydrofracture, we show that lake-induced flexural stresses produce a fracture network with appropriate horizontal spacing to induce capsize-driven breakup. The analysis of flexural stresses suggests that drainage of a single lake can cause neighboring lakes to drain, which, in turn, causes farther removed lakes to drain. Such self-stimulating behavior can account for the sudden, widespread appearance of a fracture system capable of driving explosive break up. C1 [Banwell, Alison F.; MacAyeal, Douglas R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Banwell, Alison F.] Univ Cambridge, Scott Polar Res Inst, Cambridge CB2 1ER, England. [Sergienko, Olga V.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Banwell, AF (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM afb39@cam.ac.uk OI MacAyeal, Douglas/0000-0003-0647-6176 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [GEOP/ANT-0944248, ANT-0838811, ARC-0934534] FX This research is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant GEOP/ANT-0944248 awarded to D. R. M. and grants ANT-0838811 and ARC-0934534 awarded to O. V. S. The authors acknowledge the valuable discussion and assistance of Neil Arnold, Martamaria Caballero, Neil Glasser, and Ian Willis. Neil Glasser generously provided digitized outlines of lakes and dolines on the LBIS used in this study. Finally, the authors thank Anders Levermann, Doug Benn, and the editor, Julienne Stroeve, for their valuable comments regarding our initial manuscript. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 22 BP 5872 EP 5876 DI 10.1002/2013GL057694 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 268ZX UT WOS:000328210600009 ER PT J AU Hauri, C Winsor, P Juranek, LW McDonnell, AMP Takahashi, T Mathis, JT AF Hauri, Claudine Winsor, Peter Juranek, Laurie W. McDonnell, Andrew M. P. Takahashi, Taro Mathis, Jeremy T. TI Wind-driven mixing causes a reduction in the strength of the continental shelf carbon pump in the Chukchi Sea SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Chukchi Sea; carbon dioxide; remineralization; vertical mixing; CO2 flux ID WESTERN ARCTIC-OCEAN; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; DYNAMICS AB The Chukchi Sea is thought to be a globally important sink of atmospheric CO2 due to the summertime drawdown of surface pCO(2) by phytoplankton and subsequent shelf-to-basin transport of CO2-enriched subsurface waters into the upper halocline of the Arctic Ocean. Here we show that annually occurring storm-induced mixing events during autumn months disrupt water column stratification and stir up remineralized carbon from subsurface waters to the surface, leading to CO2 outgassing to the atmosphere. Our analysis provides a new understanding of the dynamics of carbon cycling in the region and suggests that late season wind events are strong and frequent enough to significantly decrease the carbon sink strength of the Chukchi Sea on a scale of relevance to the global carbon cycle. These results highlight the importance of obtaining data with more complete seasonal and spatial coverage in order to accurately constrain regional to basin-scale carbon flux budgets. C1 [Hauri, Claudine; Winsor, Peter; McDonnell, Andrew M. P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Juranek, Laurie W.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Takahashi, Taro] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Mathis, Jeremy T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hauri, C (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM chauri@alaska.edu FU National Science Foundation [PLR-1107997, 1041102-JTM]; NOAA [NA08OAR4320754] FX We would like to thank the crew of the USCGC Healy for their dedicated support of our work. We thank Brent Else and an anonymous reviewer who provided helpful comments on this manuscript. Funding for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation (PLR-1107997 and 1041102-JTM). The pCO2 system aboard the USCGC Healy was engineered by Tim Newberger (U. Colorado) and Scott Hiller (SIO) with support by NOAA grant (NA08OAR4320754) to T.T. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 22 BP 5932 EP 5936 DI 10.1002/2013GL058267 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 268ZX UT WOS:000328210600020 ER PT J AU Li, WH Li, LF Ting, MF Deng, Y Kushnir, Y Liu, YM Lu, Y Wang, CZ Zhang, PF AF Li, Wenhong Li, Laifang Ting, Mingfang Deng, Yi Kushnir, Yochanan Liu, Yimin Lu, Yi Wang, Chunzai Zhang, Pengfei TI Intensification of the Southern Hemisphere summertime subtropical anticyclones in a warming climate SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE subtropical anticyclones; climate change; southern hemisphere; subtropical highs; climate variabilities; diabatic heating ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEASONAL CYCLE; PACIFIC; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; AMERICA; CLOUDS; IMPACT; HIGHS AB The Southern Hemisphere subtropical anticyclones (SAs) are important features of the Earth's climate. A broad consensus among Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 and phase 5 climate models suggests an intensification of summer SAs over SH oceans in association with the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. Diagnostic and modeling analyses conducted here demonstrate that the strengthening of the SAs is primarily caused by enhanced diabatic heating over continents and cooling over oceans in austral summer. This enhancement of Southern Hemisphere near-surface SAs identified here together with the enhancement of their Northern Hemisphere counterparts as suggested by Li et al. (2012) indicates increasingly important roles played by SAs in modulating weather and climate on regional and global scales. C1 [Li, Wenhong; Li, Laifang] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Ting, Mingfang; Kushnir, Yochanan] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Earth Inst, Palisades, NY USA. [Deng, Yi; Lu, Yi] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Liu, Yimin; Zhang, Pengfei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Pengfei] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Li, WH (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, POB 90227,321C Old Chem Bldg, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM wenhong.li@duke.edu RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU NSF [AGS 1147608, AGS 1147601, ATM 07-39983]; NOAA [NA10OAR4320137] FX We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the international modeling groups for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. We also thank Guoxiong Wu and Gudrun Magnusdottir for helpful discussion, Cuihua Li for graphic help, and Ming Cai and an anonymous reviewer for insightful comments. This work is supported by the NSF AGS 1147608, NSF AGS 1147601, NSF ATM 07-39983, and NOAA grant NA10OAR4320137. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 22 BP 5959 EP 5964 DI 10.1002/2013GL058124 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 268ZX UT WOS:000328210600025 ER PT J AU Arguez, A Karl, TR Squires, MF Vose, RS AF Arguez, Anthony Karl, Thomas R. Squires, Michael F. Vose, Russell S. TI Uncertainty in annual rankings from NOAA's global temperature time series SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE temperature; global; uncertainty; Monte Carlo ID SURFACE TEMPERATURES; UNIT-ROOT AB Annual rankings of global temperature are an important component of climate monitoring. However, there is some degree of uncertainty for every yearly value in the global temperature time series, which leads to uncertainty in annual rankings as well. This study applies a Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Climatic Data Center's global land-ocean surface temperature (NOAATMP) time series. Accounting for persistence between years does not materially affect the results versus presuming statistical independence. The highest probabilities for the warmest year analysis (1880-2012) are associated with the years 2010 (similar to 36%), 2005 (similar to 28%), and 1998 (similar to 11%). The current separation among the warmest observed years is relatively small compared to the standard errors of the NOAATMP time series. However, each year between 1997 and 2012 was warmer than the vast majority of all other years since 1880 at the 95% confidence level. C1 [Arguez, Anthony; Karl, Thomas R.; Squires, Michael F.; Vose, Russell S.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Arguez, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Rm 506,151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM Anthony.Arguez@noaa.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 22 BP 5965 EP 5969 DI 10.1002/2013GL057999 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 268ZX UT WOS:000328210600026 ER PT J AU Kockum, AF Sandberg, M Vissers, MR Gao, JS Johansson, G Pappas, DP AF Kockum, Anton Frisk Sandberg, Martin Vissers, Michael R. Gao, Jiansong Johansson, Goran Pappas, David P. TI Detailed modelling of the susceptibility of a thermally populated, strongly driven circuit-QED system SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS; QUBIT AB We present measurements and modelling of the susceptibility of a 2D microstrip cavity coupled to a driven transmon qubit. We are able to fit the response of the cavity to a weak probe signal with high accuracy in the strong coupling, low detuning, i.e., non-dispersive, limit over a wide bandwidth. The observed spectrum is rich in multi-photon processes for the doubly dressed transmon. These features are well explained by including the higher transmon levels in the driven Jaynes-Cummings model and solving the full master equation to calculate the susceptibility of the cavity. C1 [Kockum, Anton Frisk; Johansson, Goran] Chalmers, Dept Microtechnol & Nanosci, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Sandberg, Martin; Vissers, Michael R.; Gao, Jiansong; Pappas, David P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Pappas, DP (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM david.pappas@nist.gov RI Johansson, Goran/B-1144-2008; Frisk Kockum, Anton/E-8255-2014 OI Johansson, Goran/0000-0001-5193-5250; Frisk Kockum, Anton/0000-0002-2534-3021 FU DARPA; NIST Quantum Information initiative; Swedish Research Council FX The authors are grateful for the help of Matthias Steffen and Mary Beth Rothwell at IBM T J Watson Research Center for important input on the project and the junction fabrication. The authors are also grateful for the input on the manuscript by Dan Slichter at NIST. This work was supported by DARPA and the NIST Quantum Information initiative. AFK and GJ acknowledge funding from the Swedish Research Council. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD NOV 28 PY 2013 VL 46 IS 22 AR 224014 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/46/22/224014 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 251JV UT WOS:000326925600016 ER PT J AU Vargas, M Miura, T Shabanov, N Kato, A AF Vargas, M. Miura, T. Shabanov, N. Kato, A. TI An initial assessment of Suomi NPP VIIRS vegetation index EDR SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Vegetation Index; SNPP; NDVI; EVI; EDR ID LAND-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MONITORING VEGETATION; MODIS; MODEL; PHENOLOGY; AVHRR; NDVI AB The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite with Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard was launched in October 2011. VIIRS is the primary instrument for a suite of Environmental Data Records (EDR), including Vegetation Index (VI) EDR, for weather forecasting and climate research. The VIIRS VI EDR operational product consists of the Top of the Atmosphere (TOA) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Top of the Canopy (TOC) Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), and per-pixel product quality information. In this paper, we report results of our assessment of the early VIIRS VI EDR (beta quality) using Aqua MODIS and NOAA-18 AVHRR/3 as a reference for May 2012 to March 2013. We conducted two types of analyses focused on an assessment of physical (global scale) and radiometric (regional scale) performances of VIIRS VI EDR. Both TOA NDVI and TOC EVI of VIIRS showed spatial and temporal trends consistent with the MODIS counterparts, whereas VIIRS TOA NDVI was systematically higher than that of AVHRR. Performance of the early VIIRS VI EDR was limited by a lack of adequate per-pixel quality information, commission/omission errors of the cloud mask, and uncertainties associated with the surface reflectance retrievals. A number of enhancements to the VI EDR are planned, including: (1) implementation of a TOC EVI back-up algorithm, (2) addition of more detailed quality flags on aerosols, clouds, and snow cover, and (3) implementation of gridding and temporal compositing. A web-based, product quality monitoring tool has been developed and automated product validation protocols are being prototyped. C1 [Vargas, M.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Miura, T.; Kato, A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Shabanov, N.] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. RP Vargas, M (reprint author), NOAA, NCWCP E RA2, 5830 Univ Res Court,Suite 2834, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM marco.vargas@noaa.gov RI Vargas, Marco/F-5629-2010; Miura, Tomoaki/B-5805-2008 OI Vargas, Marco/0000-0001-6103-7278; FU NOAA JPSS Office; JPSS Proving Ground and Risk Reduction Program; NASA Earth Science Program through the NPP Science Team for Climate Data Records initiative (a NASA NPP grant) [NNX11AH25G] FX This work has been supported by the NOAA JPSS Office, the JPSS Proving Ground and Risk Reduction Program, and the NASA Earth Science Program through the NPP Science Team for Climate Data Records initiative (a NASA NPP grant NNX11AH25G). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author (s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 22 BP 12301 EP 12316 DI 10.1002/2013JD020439 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 297OY UT WOS:000330266000019 ER PT J AU Wang, DD Liang, SL He, T Yu, YY AF Wang, Dongdong Liang, Shunlin He, Tao Yu, Yunyue TI Direct estimation of land surface albedo from VIIRS data: Algorithm improvement and preliminary validation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE albedo; VIIRS; direct estimation; MODIS ID IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MODIS; BROAD-BAND ALBEDO; REFLECTANCE; RETRIEVAL; BRDF; RADIATION; PRODUCTS; RADIANCE; SPACE AB Land surface albedo (LSA), part of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) surface albedo environmental data record (EDR), is an essential variable regulating shortwave energy exchange between the land surface and the atmosphere. Two sub-algorithms, the dark pixel sub-algorithm (DPSA) and the bright pixel sub-algorithm (BPSA), were proposed for retrieving LSA from VIIRS data. The BPSA estimates LSA directly from VIIRS top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance through simulation of atmospheric radiative transfer. Several changes have been made to improve the BPSA since the deployment of VIIRS. A database of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) is collected and converted to bidirectional reflectance at VIIRS bands. The converted reflectance is then used as input to the atmospheric radiative transfer model to generate a look-up table (LUT) of regression coefficients with consideration of surface BRDF. Before its implementation in the operational system, the new BPSA is tested on the local infrastructure. The incorporation of the surface BRDF improves the accuracy of LSA estimation and reduces the temporal variation of LSA over stable surfaces. VIIRS LSA retrievals agree well with the MODIS albedo products. Comparison with field measurements at seven Surface Radiation (SURFRAD) Network sites shows that VIIRS LSA retrieved from the LUT with surface BRDF has an R-2 value of 0.80 and root mean square error of 0.049, better than MODIS albedo products. The VIIRS results have a slight negative bias of 0.004, whereas the MODIS albedo is underestimated with a larger negative bias of 0.026. C1 [Wang, Dongdong; Liang, Shunlin; He, Tao] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yu, Yunyue] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Wang, DD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, 2181 LeFrak Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ddwang@umd.edu RI Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010; Wang, Dongdong/M-1969-2014; liang, shunlin/C-2809-2015; He, Tao/H-5130-2012 OI Wang, Dongdong/0000-0002-2076-576X; He, Tao/0000-0003-2079-7988 FU JPSS ground segment Data and Product Algorithm team FX We thank the SURFRAD network for providing the field measurements of flux variables. We thank Dr. Crystal Schaaf for her comments on an early version of this manuscript. This study is supported from the JPSS ground segment Data and Product Algorithm team. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 22 BP 12577 EP 12586 DI 10.1002/2013JD020417 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 297OY UT WOS:000330266000004 ER PT J AU Boukabara, SA Garrett, K Grassotti, C Iturbide-Sanchez, F Chen, W Jiang, Z Clough, SA Zhan, X Liang, P Liu, Q Islam, T Zubko, V Mims, A AF Boukabara, S-A Garrett, K. Grassotti, C. Iturbide-Sanchez, F. Chen, W. Jiang, Z. Clough, S. A. Zhan, X. Liang, P. Liu, Q. Islam, T. Zubko, V. Mims, A. TI A physical approach for a simultaneous retrieval of sounding, surface, hydrometeor, and cryospheric parameters from SNPP/ATMS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE SNPP; ATMS; cryosphere; remote sensing; retrieval; sounding ID EMISSIVITY MODEL; MICROWAVE; LAND; ASSIMILATION; ALGORITHM AB We present in this study the results obtained when applying a physical algorithm based on a variational methodology to data from the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (SNPP) for a consistent retrieval of geophysical data in all weather conditions. The algorithm, which runs operationally at the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, is applied routinely to a number of sounders from the Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites, the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, and the European Meteorological Operational satellite constellations. The one-dimension variational (1DVAR) methodology, which relies on a forward operator, the Community Radiative Transfer Model, allows for solving the inversion of the radiometric measurements into geophysical parameters which have a direct impact on the brightness temperatures. The parameters that are produced by this Microwave Integrated Retrieval System algorithm include the atmospheric temperature T(p), moisture Q(p), and vertically integrated total precipitable water; and the surface skin temperature and emissivity as well as the hydrometeor products of nonprecipitating cloud liquid water and rain- and ice-water paths. In this algorithm, a simple postprocessing is applied to the 1DVAR-generated emissivity to derive cryospheric products (snow water equivalent and sea-ice concentration) when the data are measured over these surfaces. The postprocessing is also applied to the hydrometeors products to generate a surface rainfall rate. This comprehensive set of sounding, surface, hydrometeor, and cryospheric products generated from SNPP/ATMS is therefore radiometrically consistent, meaning that when input to the forward operator, it will allow the simulation of the actual brightness temperatures measurements within noise levels. The geophysical consistency between the products, also critical, is satisfied due to the physical approach adopted and the geophysical constraints introduced through the correlation matrix used in the variational system. The results shown in this paper confirm that the performances of all products are within the expected accuracy and precision figures and comparable to performances usually obtained with single-parameter-dedicated algorithms, with the added value that the inverted products are both radiometrically and geophysically consistent. C1 [Boukabara, S-A; Zhan, X.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Garrett, K.; Chen, W.] RTI, College Pk, MD USA. [Grassotti, C.; Jiang, Z.; Clough, S. A.; Liang, P.; Zubko, V.; Mims, A.] AER Inc, College Pk, MD USA. [Iturbide-Sanchez, F.] IMSG Inc, College Pk, MD USA. [Liu, Q.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Islam, T.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Boukabara, SA (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Sid.Boukabara@noaa.gov RI Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/F-5577-2010; Islam, Tanvir/F-6922-2011; Iturbide-Sanchez, Flavio/F-9186-2014; Jiang, Zhangyan/G-2581-2012; Garrett, Kevin/L-7582-2016 OI Islam, Tanvir/0000-0003-2429-3074; Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/0000-0002-1857-3806; Iturbide-Sanchez, Flavio/0000-0002-8539-0073; Jiang, Zhangyan/0000-0003-0313-3848; Garrett, Kevin/0000-0002-7444-4363 FU U.S. NOAA/NESDIS/OSD Product System Development and Implementation (PSDI) program FX The authors would like to acknowledge the CRTM team for their help in getting the CRTM forward operator fine tuned for MiRS applications. The authors would like to thank the main sponsor of the MiRS project, the U.S. NOAA/NESDIS/OSD Product System Development and Implementation (PSDI) program. We also acknowledge A. Reale and the NPROVS team at NESDIS/STAR for providing their matchup data set with global radiosonde used for assessing the MiRS-ATMS sounding products. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 22 BP 12600 EP 12619 DI 10.1002/2013JD020448 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 297OY UT WOS:000330266000033 ER PT J AU Jackson, JM Liu, HQ Laszlo, I Kondragunta, S Remer, LA Huang, JF Huang, HC AF Jackson, John M. Liu, Hongqing Laszlo, Istvan Kondragunta, Shobha Remer, Lorraine A. Huang, Jingfeng Huang, Ho-Chun TI Suomi-NPP VIIRS aerosol algorithms and data products SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Suomi-NPP VIIRS; aerosol retrieval algorithms; aerosol data products ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER CODE; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; VECTOR VERSION; SATELLITE DATA; SYSTEM; VALIDATION; POLLUTION; CLOUDS; REFLECTANCE; VARIABILITY AB The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) spacecraft was launched in October 2011. The instrument has 22 spectral channels with band centers from 412nm to 12,050nm. The VIIRS aerosol data products are derived primarily from the radiometric channels covering the visible through the short-wave infrared spectral regions (412nm to 2250nm). The major components of the VIIRS aerosol retrieval process are data screening, land inversion, ocean inversion, suspended matter typing, and aggregation. The primary data product produced is the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) environmental data record. A higher resolution AOT intermediate product is also produced. These AOT products and their corresponding retrieval algorithms are described in detail, including theoretical basis, retrieval limitations, and data quality flagging. Preliminary evaluation of the data products has been undertaken by the VIIRS aerosol calibration/validation team using Aerosol Robotic Network ground-based observations to show that the performance of AOT retrievals meets the requirements specified in the Joint Polar Satellite System Level 1 requirements. C1 [Jackson, John M.] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. [Liu, Hongqing] IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD USA. [Liu, Hongqing; Laszlo, Istvan; Kondragunta, Shobha; Huang, Jingfeng; Huang, Ho-Chun] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD USA. [Laszlo, Istvan] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Remer, Lorraine A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Huang, Jingfeng; Huang, Ho-Chun] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jackson, JM (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, 1 Space Pk, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. EM sid.jackson@ngc.com RI Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010; Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Huang, Jingfeng/D-7336-2012; Liu, Hongqing/F-5608-2010 OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046; Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Huang, Jingfeng/0000-0002-8779-2922; Liu, Hongqing/0000-0002-9246-5379 NR 65 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 22 BP 12673 EP 12689 DI 10.1002/2013JD020449 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 297OY UT WOS:000330266000028 ER PT J AU Wang, LK Tremblay, DA Han, Y Esplin, M Hagan, DE Predina, J Suwinski, L Jin, X Chen, Y AF Wang, Likun Tremblay, Denis A. Han, Yong Esplin, Mark Hagan, Denise E. Predina, Joe Suwinski, Lawrence Jin, Xin Chen, Yong TI Geolocation assessment for CrIS sensor data records SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Suomi NPP; CrIS; Geolocation; Validation; Cross-Calibration ID ACCURACY AB As important as spectral and radiometric calibration, the geometric calibration is one of the requisites for the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) Sensor Data Records (SDR). In this study, spatially collocated measurements from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) band I5 are used to evaluate the geolocation performance of the CrIS SDR by taking advantage of high spatial resolution and accurate geolocation of VIIRS measurements. The basic idea is to find the best collocation position between VIIRS and CrIS measurements by shifting VIIRS images in the track and scan directions. The retrieved best collocation position is then used to evaluate the CrIS geolocation performance by assuming the VIIRS geolocation as a reference. Sensitivity tests show that the method can well detect geolocation errors of CrIS within 30 degrees scan angle. When the method was applied to evaluate the geolocation performance of the CrIS SDR, geolocation errors that were caused by software coding errors were successfully identified. After this error was corrected and the engineering packets V35 were released, the geolocation accuracy is 0.3470.051km (1 sigma) in the scan direction and 0.2190.073km in the track direction at nadir. C1 [Wang, Likun; Chen, Yong] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Tremblay, Denis A.] NOAA, Sci Data Proc Inc, STAR, NESDIS, College Pk, MD USA. [Han, Yong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, College Pk, MD USA. [Esplin, Mark] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA USA. [Hagan, Denise E.] Utah State Univ, Space Dynam Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Predina, Joe; Suwinski, Lawrence] Exelis, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Jin, Xin] NOAA, Earth Resources Technol Inc, STAR, NESDIS, Laurel, MD USA. RP Wang, LK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, 5825 Univ Res CT RM4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM wlikun@umd.edu RI Han, Yong/F-5590-2010; Wang, Likun/B-7524-2008; Chen, Yong/E-4321-2010 OI Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270; Wang, Likun/0000-0001-5646-9746; Chen, Yong/0000-0002-0279-9405 FU NOAA JPSS Program Office; NOAA at the University of Maryland/ESSIC [NA09NES4400006] FX This study is funded by the NOAA JPSS Program Office. Likun Wang is also partially supported by NOAA grant NA09NES4400006 (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (CICS)) at the University of Maryland/ESSIC. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U. S. government. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 22 BP 12690 EP 12704 DI 10.1002/2013JD020376 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 297OY UT WOS:000330266000016 ER PT J AU Han, Y Revercomb, H Cromp, M Gu, DG Johnson, D Mooney, D Scott, D Strow, L Bingham, G Borg, L Chen, Y DeSlover, D Esplin, M Hagan, D Jin, X Knuteson, R Motteler, H Predina, J Suwinski, L Taylor, J Tobin, D Tremblay, D Wang, CM Wang, LH Wang, LK Zavyalov, V AF Han, Yong Revercomb, Henry Cromp, Mike Gu, Degui Johnson, David Mooney, Daniel Scott, Deron Strow, Larrabee Bingham, Gail Borg, Lori Chen, Yong DeSlover, Daniel Esplin, Mark Hagan, Denise Jin, Xin Knuteson, Robert Motteler, Howard Predina, Joe Suwinski, Lawrence Taylor, Joe Tobin, David Tremblay, Denis Wang, Chunming Wang, Lihong Wang, Likun Zavyalov, Vladimir TI Suomi NPP CrIS measurements, sensor data record algorithm, calibration and validation activities, and record data quality SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE CrIS; CrIS SDR; Suomi NPP; JPSS; calibration; validation ID RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; SOUNDER AB The Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) is a Fourier Transform Michelson interferometer instrument launched on board the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) satellite on 28 October 2011. CrIS provides measurements of Earth view interferograms in three infrared spectral bands at 30 cross-track positions, each with a 3x3 array of field of views. The CrIS ground processing software transforms the measured interferograms into calibrated and geolocated spectra in the form of Sensor Data Records (SDRs) that cover spectral bands from 650 to 1095cm(-1), 1210 to 1750cm(-1), and 2155 to 2550cm(-1) with spectral resolutions of 0.625cm(-1), 1.25cm(-1), and 2.5cm(-1), respectively. During the time since launch a team of subject matter experts from government, academia, and industry has been engaged in postlaunch CrIS calibration and validation activities. The CrIS SDR product is defined by three validation stages: Beta, Provisional, and Validated. The product reached Beta and Provisional validation stages on 19 April 2012 and 31 January 2013, respectively. For Beta and Provisional SDR data, the estimated absolute spectral calibration uncertainty is less than 3ppm in the long-wave and midwave bands, and the estimated 3 sigma radiometric uncertainty for all Earth scenes is less than 0.3K in the long-wave band and less than 0.2K in the midwave and short-wave bands. The geolocation uncertainty for near nadir pixels is less than 0.4km in the cross-track and in-track directions. C1 [Han, Yong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Revercomb, Henry; Borg, Lori; DeSlover, Daniel; Knuteson, Robert; Taylor, Joe; Tobin, David] Univ Wisconsin, SSEC, Madison, WI USA. [Cromp, Mike; Predina, Joe; Suwinski, Lawrence] Exelis Inc, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Gu, Degui; Hagan, Denise; Wang, Chunming; Wang, Lihong] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA USA. [Johnson, David] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Mooney, Daniel] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. [Scott, Deron; Bingham, Gail; Esplin, Mark; Zavyalov, Vladimir] Space Dynam Lab, North Logan, UT USA. [Strow, Larrabee; Motteler, Howard] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Chen, Yong; Wang, Likun] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jin, Xin; Tremblay, Denis] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD USA. RP Han, Y (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM yong.han@noaa.gov RI Han, Yong/F-5590-2010; Wang, Likun/B-7524-2008; Johnson, David/F-2376-2015; Chen, Yong/E-4321-2010 OI Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270; Wang, Likun/0000-0001-5646-9746; Johnson, David/0000-0003-4399-5653; Chen, Yong/0000-0002-0279-9405 NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 22 BP 12734 EP 12748 DI 10.1002/2013JD020344 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 297OY UT WOS:000330266000023 ER PT J AU Huang, M Bowman, KW Carmichael, GR Pierce, RB Worden, HM Luo, M Cooper, OR Pollack, IB Ryerson, TB Brown, SS AF Huang, Min Bowman, Kevin W. Carmichael, Gregory R. Pierce, R. Bradley Worden, Helen M. Luo, Ming Cooper, Owen R. Pollack, Ilana B. Ryerson, Thomas B. Brown, Steven S. TI Impact of Southern California anthropogenic emissions on ozone pollution in the mountain states: Model analysis and observational evidence from space SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE SoCal pollution export; mountain states ozone; concurrent transport ID TRANSPORTED BACKGROUND OZONE; ADJOINT SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY MODELS; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; SURFACE OZONE; FREE TROPOSPHERE; NORTH-AMERICA; GLOBAL-MODEL; WEST-COAST AB The impact of Southern California (SoCal) anthropogenic emissions on ozone (O-3) in the mountain states in May 2010 is studied using the Sulfur Transport and Deposition Model. We identified two to six major transport events from SoCal to different subregions in the mountain states, with transport times of 0-2days indicated by trajectories, time-lag correlations, and forward/adjoint sensitivities. Based on forward sensitivity analysis, the contributions from SoCal anthropogenic emissions to the monthly mean daily maximum 8 h average (MDA8) surface O-3 in the mountain states decrease with distance from SoCal, and they range from <1 ppbv (in Wyoming) to 15 ppbv (in western Arizona). These contributions show medium (>0.6) to strong (>0.8) positive correlations with the modeled total surface MDA8 O-3. For the most strongly affected states of Arizona and New Mexico, these contributions have median values of similar to 3, similar to 2, similar to 5, and similar to 15 ppbv when the total surface MDA8 O-3 exceeded thresholds of 60, 65, 70, and 75 ppbv, respectively. Surface MDA8 O-3 values in SoCal show strong nonlinear responses to varied magnitudes of perturbation (e.g., 50% and 100%) in SoCal anthropogenic emissions and weak nonlinear responses in the mountain states. Case studies show that different scales of transport (e.g., trans-Pacific, stratospheric intrusions, and interstate) can be dynamically and chemically coupled and simultaneously affect O-3 in the mountain states when the meteorological conditions are favorable. During some of these strong transport periods, the contributions of SoCal anthropogenic emissions to hourly O-3 in the mountain states can exceed 20 ppbv, close to the magnitude during a summer event reported by Langford et al. (2010). Satellite observations from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer and the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere multispectral retrievals qualitatively demonstrate large and interstate scales of transport, respectively. Suggestions are made for future satellite missions to measure O-3 with improved spatial coverage, temporal frequency, and near-surface sensitivity to provide better observational constraints on interstate pollution transport studies. C1 [Huang, Min; Bowman, Kevin W.; Luo, Ming] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Huang, Min; Carmichael, Gregory R.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA USA. [Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Madison, WI USA. [Worden, Helen M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Cooper, Owen R.; Pollack, Ilana B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cooper, Owen R.; Pollack, Ilana B.; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Brown, Steven S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Huang, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 233-200,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM min.huang@jpl.nasa.gov RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; FU NASA [NNX11AI52G] FX This work was initiated at the University of Iowa and supported by a NASA award NNX11AI52G. It was then continued at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA, and was supported by the NASA Aura project. The authors would like to thank the editors and three anonymous reviewers for their efforts on earlier drafts of the paper. We thank the CalNex science team (especially Carsten Warneke for HCHO aircraft measurements and Jochen Stutz, Barry Lefer, Rebecca Washenfelder, and Bernhard Rappenglueck for their measurements at CalTech supersite) and the people who made the AQS, CASTNET, MOPITT and TES measurements. We thank C. Wiedinmyer and T. Duhl (NCAR) for helping with the MEGAN model and FINN data. We also thank computational resources at the University of Iowa and at NASA Ames. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 78 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 22 BP 12784 EP 12803 DI 10.1002/2013JD020205 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 297OY UT WOS:000330266000027 ER PT J AU Soh, JH Tucker, GS Pratt, DK Abernathy, DL Stone, MB Ran, S Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC Kreyssig, A McQueeney, RJ Goldman, AI AF Soh, J. H. Tucker, G. S. Pratt, D. K. Abernathy, D. L. Stone, M. B. Ran, S. Bud'ko, S. L. Canfield, P. C. Kreyssig, A. McQueeney, R. J. Goldman, A. I. TI Inelastic Neutron Scattering Study of a Nonmagnetic Collapsed Tetragonal Phase in Nonsuperconducting CaFe2As2: Evidence of the Impact of Spin Fluctuations on Superconductivity in the Iron-Arsenide Compounds SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PRESSURE; AMBIENT AB The relationship between antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations and superconductivity has become a central topic of research in studies of superconductivity in the iron pnictides. We present unambiguous evidence of the absence of magnetic fluctuations in the nonsuperconducting collapsed tetragonal phase of CaFe2As2 via inelastic neutron scattering time-of-flight data, which is consistent with the view that spin fluctuations are a necessary ingredient for unconventional superconductivity in the iron pnictides. We demonstrate that the collapsed tetragonal phase of CaFe2As2 is nonmagnetic, and discuss this result in light of recent reports of high-temperature superconductivity in the collapsed tetragonal phase of closely related compounds. C1 [Soh, J. H.; Tucker, G. S.; Ran, S.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.; Kreyssig, A.; McQueeney, R. J.; Goldman, A. I.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Soh, J. H.; Tucker, G. S.; Ran, S.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.; Kreyssig, A.; McQueeney, R. J.; Goldman, A. I.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Pratt, D. K.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Abernathy, D. L.; Stone, M. B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Goldman, AI (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM goldman@ameslab.gov RI Abernathy, Douglas/A-3038-2012; Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; Tucker, Gregory/L-9357-2013; McQueeney, Robert/A-2864-2016; BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012 OI Abernathy, Douglas/0000-0002-3533-003X; Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715; Tucker, Gregory/0000-0002-2787-8054; McQueeney, Robert/0000-0003-0718-5602; FU Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. Part of the research conducted at the ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 39 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 39 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 27 PY 2013 VL 111 IS 22 AR 227002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.227002 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 265HM UT WOS:000327941100019 PM 24329466 ER PT J AU Yue, AT Dewey, MS Gilliam, DM Greene, GL Laptev, AB Nico, JS Snow, WM Wietfeldt, FE AF Yue, A. T. Dewey, M. S. Gilliam, D. M. Greene, G. L. Laptev, A. B. Nico, J. S. Snow, W. M. Wietfeldt, F. E. TI Improved Determination of the Neutron Lifetime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID (LIF)-LI-6 REFERENCE DEPOSITS; B-10; TRAP AB The most precise determination of the neutron lifetime using the beam method was completed in 2005 and reported a result of tau(n) = 886.3 +/- 1.2 [stat] +/- 3.2 [syst]) s. The dominant uncertainties were attributed to the absolute determination of the fluence of the neutron beam (2.7 s). The fluence was measured with a neutron monitor that counted the neutron-induced charged particles from absorption in a thin, well-characterized Li-6 deposit. The detection efficiency of the monitor was calculated from the areal density of the deposit, the detector solid angle, and the evaluated nuclear data file, ENDF/B-VI Li-6(n,t)(4) He thermal neutron cross section. In the current work, we measure the detection efficiency of the same monitor used in the neutron lifetime measurement with a second, totally absorbing neutron detector. This direct approach does not rely on the Li-6(n, t)(4); He cross section or any other nuclear data. The detection efficiency is consistent with the value used in 2005 but is measured with a precision of 0.057%, which represents a fivefold improvement in the uncertainty. We verify the temporal stability of the neutron monitor through ancillary measurements, allowing us to apply the measured neutron monitor efficiency to the lifetime result from the 2005 experiment. The updated lifetime is tau n = d887: 7 +/- 1.2 stat +/- 1: 9[(syst]) s. C1 [Yue, A. T.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yue, A. T.; Dewey, M. S.; Gilliam, D. M.; Nico, J. S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yue, A. T.; Greene, G. L.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Greene, G. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Laptev, A. B.; Wietfeldt, F. E.] Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Laptev, A. B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Snow, W. M.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Yue, AT (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM andrew.yue@nist.gov RI Laptev, Alexander/D-4686-2009; OI Laptev, Alexander/0000-0002-9759-9907; Yue, Andrew/0000-0001-5340-8470 FU NIST (U.S. Department of Commerce); U S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-SC0005925, DE-FG0203ER41258]; National Science Foundation [PHY-0855310, PHY-1068712, PHY-1205266]; Indiana University Center for Spacetime Symmetries FX We thank W.F. Guthrie for developing and performing the Bayesian analysis used to set limits on Delta rho. We thank J.R. Stoup for performing the dimensional metrology on the neutron monitor aperture rig. We gratefully acknowledge the support of NIST (U.S. Department of Commerce), the U S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Physics (Grants No. DE-SC0005925 and No. DE-FG0203ER41258), and the National Science Foundation (Grants No. PHY-0855310, No. PHY-1068712, and No. PHY-1205266). W.M.S. acknowledges support from the Indiana University Center for Spacetime Symmetries. NR 23 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 27 PY 2013 VL 111 IS 22 AR 222501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.222501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 265HM UT WOS:000327941100010 PM 24329445 ER PT J AU Cross, J Gladkova, I Menzel, WP Heidinger, A Grossberg, MD AF Cross, James Gladkova, Irina Menzel, W. Paul Heidinger, Andrew Grossberg, Michael D. TI Statistical estimation of a 13.3 mu m Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite channel using multisensor data fusion SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE data fusion; statistical estimation; Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite; multisensor ID GOES-R AB We describe an algorithm for creating a virtual, statistically estimated 13.3-mu m band for the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), an instrument aboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) operational satellite, Suomi NPP. VIIRS does not have a 13.3-mu m band, although this band has important applications such as estimating cloud-top pressure. We demonstrate that a reliable estimate of the missing data can be created with a multisensor approach, using other VIIRS bands at 4, 9, 11, and 12 mu m, as well as input from the Cross-track Infrared Sounder, on board the same satellite, which produces data at a much finer spectral resolution but lower spatial resolution. In addition, we evaluate the algorithm by applying it to data from the Moderate Resolution Image Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), both on the Aqua satellite. MODIS and AIRS provide a benchmark for measuring the accuracy of the algorithm since, unlike VIIRS, MODIS makes measurements in the 13.3-mu m band. (C) 2013 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Cross, James; Gladkova, Irina; Grossberg, Michael D.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Comp Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Menzel, W. Paul] CIMSS Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Heidinger, Andrew] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Cross, J (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Comp Sci, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM james.henry.cross.iii@gmail.com RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD NOV 27 PY 2013 VL 7 AR 073473 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.7.073473 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 269RD UT WOS:000328258700002 ER PT J AU Ge, WW Devreugd, CP Phelan, D Zhang, QH Ahart, M Li, JF Luo, HS Boatner, LA Viehland, D Gehring, PM AF Ge, Wenwei Devreugd, Christopher P. Phelan, D. Zhang, Qinhui Ahart, Muhtar Li, Jiefang Luo, Haosu Boatner, Lynn A. Viehland, Dwight Gehring, Peter M. TI Lead-free and lead-based ABO(3) perovskite relaxors with mixed-valence A-site and B-site disorder: Comparative neutron scattering structural study of (Na1/2Bi1/2) TiO3 and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL; DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; AVERAGE STRUCTURE; BISMUTH-TITANATE; FERROELECTRICS; BEHAVIOR; NA0.5BI0.5TIO3; TEMPERATURES; ANOMALIES AB We report the results of neutron elastic-scattering measurements made between -250 degrees C and 620 degrees C on the lead-free relaxor (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3 (NBT). Strong, anisotropic, elastic diffuse scattering intensity decorates the (100), (110), (111), (200), (210), and (220) Bragg peaks at room temperature. The wave-vector dependence of this diffuse scattering is compared to that in the lead-based relaxor Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3 (PMN) to determine if any features might be common to relaxors. Prominent ridges in the elastic diffuse scattering intensity contours that extend along < 110 > are seen that exhibit the same zone dependence as those observed in PMN and other lead-based relaxors. These ridges disappear gradually on heating above the cubic-to-tetragonal phase transition temperature T-CT = 523 degrees C, which is also near the temperature at which the dielectric permittivity begins to deviate from Curie-Weiss behavior. We thus identify the < 110 >-oriented ridges as a relaxor-specific property. The diffuse scattering contours also display narrower ridges oriented along < 100 > that are consistent with the x-ray results of Kreisel et al. [Phys. Rev. B 68, 014113 (2003)]; these vanish near 320 degrees C, indicating that they have a different physical origin. The < 100 >-oriented ridges are not observed in PMN. We observe no equivalent relaxor-specific elastic diffuse scattering from the homovalent relaxor analogues K0.95Li0.05TiO3 (A-site disordered) and KTa0.95Nb0.05O3 (B-site disordered). This suggests that the < 110 >-oriented diffuse scattering ridges are correlated with the presence of strong random electric fields and invites a reassessment of what defines the relaxor phase. We find that doping NBT with 5.6% BaTiO3, a composition close to the morphotropic phase boundary with enhanced piezoelectric properties, increases the room-temperature correlation length along [1 (1) over bar0] from 40 to 60 angstrom while doubling the associated integrated diffuse scattering. Similar behavior was reported by Matsuura et al. [Phys. Rev. B 74, 144107 (2006)] for morphotropic compositions of PMN doped with PbTiO3. Finally, we comment on the recent observation of monoclinicity in NBT at room temperature by placing a strict bound on the strength of the (1/2 1/2 1/2) superlattice reflection associated with the Cc space group based on the atomic coordinates published in the x-ray study by Aksel et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 152901 (2011)] for NBT. We show that a skin effect, analogous to that reported in the relaxors PZN-xPT and PMN-xPT, can reconcile our neutron single-crystal data with the x-ray powder data of Aksel et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 152901 (2011)]. Our finding of a skin effect in a lead-free, A-site disordered, heterovalent relaxor supports the idea that it arises in the presence of strong random electric fields. C1 [Ge, Wenwei; Devreugd, Christopher P.; Li, Jiefang; Viehland, Dwight] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Phelan, D.; Gehring, Peter M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Qinhui; Luo, Haosu] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Ceram, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Ahart, Muhtar] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Boatner, Lynn A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ge, WW (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM wenweige@vt.edu RI Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER46480]; US Office of Naval Research [N00014-13-1-0049]; Natural Science Foundation of China [51332009]; Shanghai Rising-Star Program [11QA1407500]; U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46480 (D.V.), US Office of Naval Research under Grant No. N00014-13-1-0049 (J.F.L.), the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 51332009, and the Shanghai Rising-Star Program No. 11QA1407500. Research at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory for one author (L.A.B.) is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. We acknowledge fruitful conversations with S. B. Vakhrushev and Guangyong Xu. The authors thank Dr. Shuichi Wakimoto for kindly providing his neutron diffuse scattering data measured on a single crystal of (K0.95Li0.05)TaO3. NR 75 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 12 U2 90 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 27 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 17 AR 174115 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.174115 PG 19 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 265EW UT WOS:000327933500001 ER PT J AU Miao, HX Chen, L Bennett, EE Adamo, NM Gomella, AA DeLuca, AM Patel, A Morgan, NY Wen, H AF Miao, Houxun Chen, Lei Bennett, Eric E. Adamo, Nick M. Gomella, Andrew A. DeLuca, Alexa M. Patel, Ajay Morgan, Nicole Y. Wen, Han TI Motionless phase stepping in X-ray phase contrast imaging with a compact source SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE radiography; CT; retrospective phase stepping; X-ray diffraction; tomosynthesis ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM METHOD; GRATING INTERFEROMETER; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; TOMOGRAPHY AB X-ray phase contrast imaging offers a way to visualize the internal structures of an object without the need to deposit significant radiation, and thereby alleviate the main concern in X-ray diagnostic imaging procedures today. Grating-based differential phase contrast imaging techniques are compatible with compact X-ray sources, which is a key requirement for the majority of clinical X-ray modalities. However, these methods are substantially limited by the need for mechanical phase stepping. We describe an electromagnetic phase-stepping method that eliminates mechanical motion, thus removing the constraints in speed, accuracy, and flexibility. The method is broadly applicable to both projection and tomography imaging modes. The transition from mechanical to electromagnetic scanning should greatly facilitate the translation of X-ray phase contrast techniques into mainstream applications. C1 [Miao, Houxun; Bennett, Eric E.; Adamo, Nick M.; Gomella, Andrew A.; DeLuca, Alexa M.; Patel, Ajay; Wen, Han] NHLBI, Imaging Phys Lab, Biochem & Biophys Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Chen, Lei] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Morgan, Nicole Y.] Natl Inst Biomed Imaging & Bioengn, Microfabricat & Microfluid Unit, Biomed Engn & Phys Sci Shared Resource, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Wen, H (reprint author), NHLBI, Imaging Phys Lab, Biochem & Biophys Ctr, NIH, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM han.wen@nih.gov RI Miao, Houxun/N-8233-2013; Wen, Han/G-3081-2010 OI Wen, Han/0000-0001-6844-2997 FU National Institutes of Health; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering FX We are grateful to the staff of the Nanofab Facility of National Institute of Standards and Technology for assistance with fabrication of the phase grating, and to Prof. Marco Stampanoni of Paul Scherrer Institute for helpful discussion on the fusion of phase and intensity images. This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, including the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 26 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 48 BP 19268 EP 19272 DI 10.1073/pnas.1311053110 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 257NB UT WOS:000327390400043 PM 24218599 ER PT J AU White, EM Seppala, JE Rushworth, PM Ritchie, BW Sharma, S Locklin, J AF White, Evan M. Seppala, Jonathan E. Rushworth, Parker M. Ritchie, Branson W. Sharma, Suraj Locklin, Jason TI ;Switching the Adhesive State of Catecholic Hydrogels using Phototitration SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID PHOTODEGRADABLE HYDROGELS; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; DRUG-DELIVERY; CROSS-LINKING; MUSSEL; POLYMERS; ACTUATORS; PROTEINS; COATINGS; MIMICS AB A polyacrylamide hydrogel system that can be liquefied by remote activation using UV irradiation is investigated as a degradable adhesive. The linear polyacrylamide copolymer, formed by conventional free radical polymerization, contains biomimetic catechol-iron-mediated cross-linkers that are sensitive to pH changes. Hydrogel films and bulk gels are prepared by basic titration of a polymer solution doped with a photoacid generator, diphenyliodonium chloride, generating an ionic cross-linked network via the catechol pendant groups. Irradiation of these hydrogels with UV light affords a viscous liquid solution, demonstrating a gel-sol transition with a subsequent decrease in the adhesive strength of the material. These gels may be prepared in high throughput and require few synthetic steps with commercially available precursors. C1 [White, Evan M.; Rushworth, Parker M.; Ritchie, Branson W.; Sharma, Suraj; Locklin, Jason] Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Seppala, Jonathan E.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Locklin, J (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, 220 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jlocklin@uga.edu FU National Science Foundation (CAREER Award, DMR) [0953112] FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation (CAREER Award, DMR 0953112). NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 93 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 26 PY 2013 VL 46 IS 22 BP 8882 EP 8887 DI 10.1021/ma401594z PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 262QO UT WOS:000327752900015 ER PT J AU Gong, ZX Duan, LM AF Gong, Zhe-Xuan Duan, L-M TI Prethermalization and dynamic phase transition in an isolated trapped ion spin chain SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM SIMULATOR; EQUILIBRIUM; THERMALIZATION; RELAXATION; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB We propose an experimental scheme to observe prethermalization and a dynamic phase transition in a one-dimensional XY spin chain with long-range interactions and inhomogeneous lattice spacing, which can be readily implemented with a recently developed trapped-ion quantum simulator. Local physical observables are found to relax to prethermal values at an intermediate timescale, followed by complete relaxation to thermal values at much longer time. The physical origin of prethermalization is shown to result from a non-trivial structure in the lower half of the energy spectrum. The dynamic behavior of the system is shown to cross different phases when the interaction range is continuously tuned, indicating the existence of a dynamic phase transition. C1 [Gong, Zhe-Xuan; Duan, L-M] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gong, Zhe-Xuan] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gong, Zhe-Xuan] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Duan, L-M] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Quantum Informat, IIIS, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Gong, ZX (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM gzx@umich.edu RI Gong, Zhexuan/G-4348-2016 FU NBRPC (973 Program) [2011CBA00302]; DARPA OLE program; IARPA MUSIQC program; ARO/AFOSR MURI program FX We thank C Monroe, A Polkovnikov and A Gorshkov for helpful discussions, and Michael Foss-Feig for improving the writing of this paper. This work was supported by the NBRPC (973 Program) 2011CBA00302, the DARPA OLE program, the IARPA MUSIQC program and the ARO/AFOSR MURI program. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD NOV 26 PY 2013 VL 15 AR 113051 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/15/11/113051 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 259UB UT WOS:000327550700006 ER PT J AU Krekelberg, WP Siderius, DW Shen, VK Truskett, TM Errington, JR AF Krekelberg, William P. Siderius, Daniel W. Shen, Vincent K. Truskett, Thomas M. Errington, Jeffrey R. TI Connection between Thermodynamics and Dynamics of Simple Fluids in Highly Attractive Pores SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID MATRIX MONTE-CARLO; SELF-DIFFUSIVITY; ADSORPTION; NANOPORES; GASES; HYSTERESIS; TRANSPORT; SYSTEMS; MODEL; EQUILIBRIA AB Using molecular simulations, we investigate the structural and diffusive dynamics properties of a model fluid in highly absorptive cylindrical pores. At subcritical temperatures, self-diffusivity displays three distinct regimes as a function of average pore density rho: (1) a decrease in self-diffusivity with increasing rho at low rho, (2) constant self-diffusivity with respect to varying rho at moderate density, and (3) a decrease in self-diffusivity with increasing rho at high density. These regimes are closely linked to the thermodynamic properties of the fluid in the pore, specifically, the adsorption isotherm, isosteric heat of adsorption, and the density profile. We show that these three diffusivity regimes qualitatively correspond to three distinct adsorption regimes: monolayer formation, multilayer adsorption, and pore filling, respectively. In addition, we find that the self-diffusivity is a universal function of the local film density in the monolayer formation regime at subcritical temperatures. The results of this work suggest a potential means to estimate the self-diffusivity over a broad pressure range using a limited number of experiments. C1 [Krekelberg, William P.; Siderius, Daniel W.; Shen, Vincent K.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Truskett, Thomas M.] Univ Texas Austin, McKetta Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Errington, Jeffrey R.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Krekelberg, WP (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.krekelberg@nist.gov RI Truskett, Thomas/D-4624-2009; Truskett, Thomas/C-4996-2014; Siderius, Daniel/E-8116-2011 OI Truskett, Thomas/0000-0002-6607-6468; Siderius, Daniel/0000-0002-6260-7727 FU National Science Foundation [CBET-1264323, CBET-1065357]; American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund [51898-ND6]; Welch Foundation [F-1696] FX J.R.E. acknowledge the financial support of the National Science Foundation (CBET-1264323) and the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (51898-ND6). T.M.T. acknowledges support of the Welch Foundation (F-1696) and the National Science Foundation (CBET-1065357). NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 26 PY 2013 VL 29 IS 47 BP 14527 EP 14535 DI 10.1021/la4037327 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 257CH UT WOS:000327360500024 PM 24160818 ER PT J AU Wang, CW Lee, CH Li, CY Wu, CM Li, WH Chou, CC Yang, HD Lynn, JW Huang, QZ Harris, AB Berger, H AF Wang, Chin-Wei Lee, Chi-Hung Li, Chi-Yen Wu, Chun-Ming Li, Wen-Hsien Chou, Chih-Chieh Yang, Hung-Duen Lynn, Jeffrey W. Huang, Qingzhen Harris, A. Brooks Berger, Helmuth TI Complex magnetic couplings in Co3TeO6 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HONEYCOMB LATTICE; KTAO3-LI; MODEL AB We report powder and single-crystal neutron diffractionmeasurements, combinedwith x-ray powder diffraction data, to unravel the complex magnetic phase diagram and exchange coupling in Co3TeO6. The magnetic structures of the various phases differ markedly from those proposed by Ivanov et al. [Mater. Res. Bull. 47, 63 (2012)] on the basis of only powder diffraction data. The dominant exchange interactions are identified by considering the geometrical arrangement of severely distorted CoO6 octahedra and CoO4 tetrahedra, which naturally divide into two different types of layers, one of which consists of zigzag chains. These zigzag chains are the first to develop magnetic order at T-M1 = 26 K, which is incommensurate in nature. The other separate layer of Co spins develops antiferromagnetic order of Gamma 4 symmetry at zero wave vector at T-M2 = 19.5 K. Our results are consistent with the previous findings of a spontaneous polarization below T-M3 = 18 K. Our neutron powder diffraction data indicate that the increase in the single-crystal (600) Bragg peak is due to a relief of extinction rather than to magnetic effects associated with the observed anomalous variation in the incommensurate wave vector at T-M4 = 16 K. The commensurate order parameter is shown to have a small dependence on the applied electric field, whereas no such effect is found for the incommensurate ordering. Below T-M3, the thermal expansion is negative, and it also exhibits anomalies at T-M2 and T-M4. A symmetry analysis and comprehensive phase diagram are given. C1 [Wang, Chin-Wei; Lee, Chi-Hung; Li, Chi-Yen; Wu, Chun-Ming; Li, Wen-Hsien] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. [Wang, Chin-Wei; Lee, Chi-Hung; Li, Chi-Yen; Wu, Chun-Ming; Li, Wen-Hsien] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Neutron Beam Applicat, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. [Chou, Chih-Chieh; Yang, Hung-Duen] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Phys, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. [Chou, Chih-Chieh; Yang, Hung-Duen] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Ctr Nanosci & Nanotechnol, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. [Lynn, Jeffrey W.; Huang, Qingzhen] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Harris, A. Brooks] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Berger, Helmuth] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Complex Matter, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Li, WH (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. EM whli@phy.ncu.edu.tw FU National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC 101-2112-M-008-016-MY3, NSC 100-2112-M-110-004-MY3] FX We thank Taner Yildirim for helpful discussions. This work was supported in part by the National Science Council of Taiwan under Grants No. NSC 101-2112-M-008-016-MY3 and No. NSC 100-2112-M-110-004-MY3. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 26 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 18 AR 184427 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.184427 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 257LA UT WOS:000327384200003 ER PT J AU Gang, CC Zhou, W Li, JL Chen, YZ Mu, SJ Ren, JZ Chen, JM Groisman, PY AF Gang, Chengcheng Zhou, Wei Li, Jianlong Chen, Yizhao Mu, Shaojie Ren, Jizhou Chen, Jingming Groisman, Pavel Ya. TI Assessing the Spatiotemporal Variation in Distribution, Extent and NPP of Terrestrial Ecosystems in Response to Climate Change from 1911 to 2000 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; GLOBAL RESPONSE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; VEGETATION; GRASSLAND; CHINA; MODEL; 20TH-CENTURY; VARIABILITY AB To assess the variation in distribution, extent, and NPP of global natural vegetation in response to climate change in the period 1911-2000 and to provide a feasible method for climate change research in regions where historical data is difficult to obtain. In this research, variations in spatiotemporal distributions of global potential natural vegetation (PNV) from 1911 to 2000 were analyzed with the comprehensive sequential classification system (CSCS) and net primary production (NPP) of different ecosystems was evaluated with the synthetic model to determine the effect of climate change on the terrestrial ecosystems. The results showed that consistently rising global temperature and altered precipitation patterns had exerted strong influence on spatiotemporal distribution and productivities of terrestrial ecosystems, especially in the mid/high latitudes. Ecosystems in temperate zones expanded and desert area decreased as a consequence of climate variations. The vegetation that decreased the most was cold desert (18.79%), while the maximum increase (10.31%) was recorded in savanna. Additionally, the area of tundra and alpine steppe reduced significantly (5.43%) and were forced northward due to significant ascending temperature in the northern hemisphere. The global terrestrial ecosystems productivities increased by 2.09%, most of which was attributed to savanna (6.04%), tropical forest (0.99%), and temperate forest (5.49%). Most NPP losses were found in cold desert (27.33%). NPP increases displayed a latitudinal distribution. The NPP of tropical zones amounted to more than a half of total NPP, with an estimated increase of 1.32%. The increase in northern temperate zone was the second highest with 3.55%. Global NPP showed a significant positive correlation with mean annual precipitation in comparison with mean annual temperature and biological temperature. In general, effects of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems were deep and profound in 1911-2000, especially in the latter half of the period. C1 [Gang, Chengcheng; Zhou, Wei; Li, Jianlong; Chen, Yizhao; Mu, Shaojie] Nanjing Univ, Sch Life Sci, Global Change Res Inst, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Ren, Jizhou] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Pastoral Agr Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Grassland Agroecosyst, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. [Chen, Jingming] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Groisman, Pavel Ya.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Li, JL (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Sch Life Sci, Global Change Res Inst, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM jlli2008@nju.edu.cn FU Key Project of Chinese National Programs for Fundamental Research and Development (973 Program) [2010CB950702]; APN (Asia Pacific Network) Global Change Fund Project [APCR2013-16NMY-Li]; National High Technology Project [2007AA10Z231]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40871012, J1103512, J1210026]; Public Sector Linkages Program; Australian Agency for International Development [64828] FX This work was supported by the "The Key Project of Chinese National Programs for Fundamental Research and Development (973 Program, 2010CB950702)", "APN (Asia Pacific Network) Global Change Fund Project (APCR2013-16NMY-Li)", "The National High Technology Project (2007AA10Z231)", the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40871012, J1103512, J1210026), and the Public Sector Linkages Program supported by Australian Agency for International Development (64828). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 73 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 56 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 25 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e80394 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0080394 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 259RH UT WOS:000327543500040 PM 24282539 ER PT J AU Donley, EA AF Donley, Elizabeth A. TI A View on Energy Transfer Between Cold Atoms SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Donley, EA (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM edonley@boulder.nist.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 22 PY 2013 VL 342 IS 6161 BP 942 EP 943 DI 10.1126/science.1247392 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 255EZ UT WOS:000327223500030 PM 24264983 ER PT J AU Hu, AZ Lee, TE Clark, CW AF Hu, Anzi Lee, Tony E. Clark, Charles W. TI Spatial correlations of one-dimensional driven-dissipative systems of Rydberg atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM; ENTANGLEMENT; STATES; OPTICS AB We consider a one-dimensional lattice of atoms with laser excitation to a Rydberg state and spontaneous emission. The atoms are coupled due to the dipole-dipole interaction of the Rydberg states. This driven-dissipative system has a broad range of nonequilibrium phases, such as antiferromagnetic ordering and bistability. Using the quantum trajectory method, we calculate the spatial correlation function throughout the parameter space for up to 18 lattice sites. We show that bistability significantly strengthens the spatial correlations and the entanglement. C1 [Hu, Anzi; Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Hu, Anzi; Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, Tony E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hu, AZ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 FU NSF FX We thank Sarang Gopalakrishnan for useful discussions. This work was supported in part by NSF through a grant to ITAMP. NR 43 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 22 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 5 AR 053627 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.88.053627 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 255KN UT WOS:000327237900005 ER PT J AU Gabelli, J Spietz, L Aumentado, J Reulet, B AF Gabelli, Julien Spietz, Lafe Aumentado, Jose Reulet, Bertrand TI Electron-photon correlations and the third moment of quantum noise SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MESOSCOPIC CONDUCTORS; SHOT-NOISE AB The radiation generated by a quantum conductor should be correlated with the electrons crossing it. We have measured the correlation between the fluctuations of the high-frequency electromagnetic power generated by a tunnel junction at very low temperature and the low-frequency voltage fluctuations across it. This quantity corresponds to a third-order correlator of the electromagnetic field. At low-voltage bias, i.e. when the junction emits no radiation into the impedance-matched vacuum connected to it, we observe that the voltage fluctuations of the electric signal generated by the junction has zero third moment. Yet we show by a careful analysis of environmental contributions that the intrinsic third moment of the high-frequency current fluctuations in the junction is given by e(2)I. C1 [Gabelli, Julien; Reulet, Bertrand] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Phys Solides Lab, UMR 8502, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Spietz, Lafe; Aumentado, Jose] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Reulet, Bertrand] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Phys, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. RP Reulet, B (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Phys Solides Lab, UMR 8502, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM bertrand.reulet@usherbrooke.ca RI Aumentado, Jose/C-2231-2009 OI Aumentado, Jose/0000-0001-5581-1466 FU Canada Excellence Research Chairs program; [ANR-11-JS04-006-01] FX We acknowledge fruitful discussions with M Aprili, A Bednorz, W Belzig, M Buttiker, A Clerk, M Devoret and B Doucot. We thank B Huard for lending us a cryogenic amplifier. This work was supported by ANR-11-JS04-006-01 and the Canada Excellence Research Chairs program. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD NOV 21 PY 2013 VL 15 AR 113045 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/15/11/113045 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 259TX UT WOS:000327550300002 ER PT J AU Hussey, DS Coakley, KJ Baltic, E Jacobson, DL AF Hussey, D. S. Coakley, K. J. Baltic, E. Jacobson, D. L. TI Improving quantitative neutron radiography through image restoration SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Image restoration; Neutron imaging; Point spread function ID ALGORITHM AB Commonly in neutron image experiments, the interpretation of the point spread function (PSF) is limited to describing the achievable spatial resolution in an image. In this article it is shown that for various PSF models, the resulting blurring due to the PSF affects the quantification of the neutron transmission of an object and that the effect is separate from the scattered neutron held from the sample. The effect is observed in several neutron imaging detector configurations using different neutron scintillators and light sensors. In the context of estimation of optical densities with an algorithm that assumes a parallel beam, the effect of blurring fractionates the neutron signal spatially and introduces an effective background that scales with the area of the detector illuminated by neutrons. Examples are provided that demonstrate that the illuminated held of view can alter the observed neutron transmission for nearly purely absorbing objects. It is found that by accurately modeling the PSF, image restoration methods can yield more accurate estimates of the neutron attenuation by an object. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hussey, D. S.; Baltic, E.; Jacobson, D. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Coakley, K. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hussey, DS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.hussey@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Commerce; NISI Radiation and Biomolecular Physics Division; Director's office of NIST; NIST Center for Neutron Research; Department of Energy [DE_AI01-01EE50660] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce, the NIST Radiation and Biomolecular Physics Division, the Director's office of NIST, the NIST Center for Neutron Research, and the Department of Energy interagency agreement No. DE_AI01-01EE50660. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 2013 VL 729 BP 316 EP 321 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2013.07.013 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 235WT UT WOS:000325753500043 ER PT J AU Lavelle, CM Deacon, RM Hussey, DS Coplan, M Clark, CW AF Lavelle, C. M. Deacon, Ryan M. Hussey, Daniel S. Coplan, Michael Clark, Charles W. TI Characterization of boron coated vitreous carbon foam for neutron detection SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Neutron detection; Boron; Boron carbide; Reticulated vitreous carbon; RVC ID SATURATED FOAM; AEROGEL; FOIL AB Reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) foams coated with 3-11 pm thick layers of boron carbide (B4C) are experimentally characterized for use as an active material for neutron detection. The potential advantage of this material over thin films is that it can be fabricated in any shape and its porous structure may enhance the emission surface area for ionizing charged particles following thermal neutron capture. A coated foam is also advantageous because the neutron-absorbing material is only on the surface, which is more efficient for a particle emission on a per captured neutron basis. Measurements of the B4C layer thickness of an RVC coated foam, and determination of its elemental composition, are performed using scanning electron microscopy. Neutron transmission measurements using neutron radiography are presented and a particle emission from the coated foam in response to a moderated Cf-252 thermal neutron source is demonstrated. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved C1 [Lavelle, C. M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Asymmetr Operat Dept, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Deacon, Ryan M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Res & Exploratory Dev Dept, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Hussey, Daniel S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Coplan, Michael] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lavelle, CM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Asymmetr Operat Dept, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM chris.lavelle@jhuapl.edu RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Lavelle, Christopher/0000-0001-8802-4434 FU Internal Research and Development award; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab (AFL) FX This research was funded in part by an Internal Research and Development award by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab (AFL). A number of individuals within the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory contributed time and effort to this work, whom we acknowledge for their gracious support. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 2013 VL 729 BP 346 EP 355 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2013.07.069 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 235WT UT WOS:000325753500048 ER PT J AU Garland, EC Gedamke, J Rekdahl, ML Noad, MJ Garrigue, C Gales, N AF Garland, Ellen C. Gedamke, Jason Rekdahl, Melinda L. Noad, Michael J. Garrigue, Claire Gales, Nick TI Humpback Whale Song on the Southern Ocean Feeding Grounds: Implications for Cultural Transmission SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ACOUSTIC DETECTIONS; WINTERING GROUNDS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; ZEALAND WATERS; NEW-CALEDONIA; BASIN SCALE; MIGRATION AB Male humpback whales produce a long, complex, and stereotyped song on low-latitude breeding grounds; they also sing while migrating to and from these locations, and occasionally in high-latitude summer feeding areas. All males in a population sing the current version of the constantly evolving display and, within an ocean basin, populations sing similar songs; however, this sharing can be complex. In the western and central South Pacific region there is repeated cultural transmission of song types from eastern Australia to other populations eastward. Song sharing is hypothesized to occur through several possible mechanisms. Here, we present the first example of feeding ground song from the Southern Ocean Antarctic Area V and compare it to song from the two closest breeding populations. The early 2010 song contained at least four distinct themes; these matched four themes from the eastern Australian 2009 song, and the same four themes from the New Caledonian 2010 song recorded later in the year. This provides evidence for at least one of the hypothesized mechanisms of song transmission between these two populations, singing while on shared summer feeding grounds. In addition, the feeding grounds may provide a point of acoustic contact to allow the rapid horizontal cultural transmission of song within the western and central South Pacific region and the wider Southern Ocean. C1 [Garland, Ellen C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Gedamke, Jason] NOAA, Ocean Acoust Program, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Rekdahl, Melinda L.; Noad, Michael J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Vet Sci, Cetacean Ecol & Acoust Lab, Gatton, Qld, Australia. [Garrigue, Claire] Operat Cetaces, Noumea, New Caledonia. [Gales, Nick] Australian Marine Mammal Ctr, Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas, Australia. RP Garland, EC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. EM Ellen.Garland@noaa.gov RI Noad, Michael/D-7975-2013; Garrigue, Claire/I-4704-2016 OI Noad, Michael/0000-0002-2799-8320; Garrigue, Claire/0000-0002-8117-3370 FU Australian government; New Zealand government; E&P Sound and Marine Life Joint Industry Program; US Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement; National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship FX The Antarctic Whale Expedition cruise described in the manuscript was jointly funded by the Australian and New Zealand governments. At the time of the cruise, both Nick Gales and Jason Gedamke were employees of the Australian Government, and along with the other authors, were responsible for study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, and preparation of this manuscript. The recording of eastern Australian song was incidental to behavioural response studies being conducted on humpback whales. These studies were funded by the Australian Government (2009) and the E&P Sound and Marine Life Joint Industry Program and the US Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (2010). Song collection in New Caledonia was made possible by contributions from Fondation d'Entreprise Total and the Provinces Sud. ECG was supported by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship. These funding bodies had no role in the design of the current study, nor the decision to publish. NR 59 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 45 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 20 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e79422 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0079422 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 256LY UT WOS:000327313100021 PM 24278134 ER PT J AU Goldstein, MC Titmus, AJ Ford, M AF Goldstein, Miriam C. Titmus, Andrew J. Ford, Michael TI Scales of Spatial Heterogeneity of Plastic Marine Debris in the Northeast Pacific Ocean SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SUBTROPICAL GYRE; COASTAL WATERS; SARGASSO SEA; ZOOPLANKTON; ENVIRONMENT; ABUNDANCE; SURFACE; ATLANTIC; MICROPLASTICS; ACCUMULATION AB Plastic debris has been documented in many marine ecosystems, including remote coastlines, the water column, the deep sea, and subtropical gyres. The North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG), colloquially called the "Great Pacific Garbage Patch," has been an area of particular scientific and public concern. However, quantitative assessments of the extent and variability of plastic in the NPSG have been limited. Here, we quantify the distribution, abundance, and size of plastic in a subset of the eastern Pacific (approximately 20-40 degrees N, 120-155 degrees W) over multiple spatial scales. Samples were collected in Summer 2009 using surface and subsurface plankton net tows and quantitative visual observations, and Fall 2010 using surface net tows only. We documented widespread, though spatially variable, plastic pollution in this portion of the NPSG and adjacent waters. The overall median microplastic numerical concentration in Summer 2009 was 0.448 particles m(-2) and in Fall 2010 was 0.021 particles m(-2), but plastic concentrations were highly variable over the submesoscale (10 s of km). Size-frequency spectra were skewed towards small particles, with the most abundant particles having a cross-sectional area of approximately 0.01 cm(2). Most microplastic was found on the sea surface, with the highest densities detected in low-wind conditions. The numerical majority of objects were small particles collected with nets, but the majority of debris surface area was found in large objects assessed visually. Our ability to detect high-plastic areas varied with methodology, as stations with substantial microplastic did not necessarily also contain large visually observable objects. A power analysis of our data suggests that high variability of surface microplastic will make future changes in abundance difficult to detect without substantial sampling effort. Our findings suggest that assessment and monitoring of oceanic plastic debris must account for high spatial variability, particularly in regards to the evaluation of initiatives designed to reduce marine debris. C1 [Goldstein, Miriam C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Titmus, Andrew J.] Hawaii Pacific Univ, Marine Sci Program, Kaneohe, HI USA. [Ford, Michael] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Goldstein, MC (reprint author), Calif Sea Grant, John A Knauss Marine Policy Fellowship, La Jolla, CA USA. EM miriam.goldstein@gmail.com OI Goldstein, Miriam/0000-0002-3225-1694 FU University of California Ship Funds; Project Kaisei/Ocean Voyages Institute; AWIS-San Diego; NSF IGERT [0333444]; NSF; California Department of Boating and Waterways [05-106-115]; NSF GK-12 Grant [0841407]; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation Marine Debris Programs [2007-0088-007] FX Funding for the SEAPLEX cruise was provided by University of California Ship Funds, Project Kaisei/Ocean Voyages Institute (http://www.projectkaisei.org), AWIS-San Diego (http://sdawis.org/), and NSF IGERT Grant No. 0333444. EX1006 samples courtesy of the NOAA Okeanos Explorer Program (http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/), 2010 Always Exploring expedition. EX1006 supplies and M.C.G.'s travel were provided by NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service. Laboratory supplies, support, and some analytical equipment were provided by the SIO Pelagic Invertebrate Collection (http://collections.ucsd.edu/pi/) and the California Current Ecosystem LTER site supported by NSF (http://cce.lternet.edu/). M. C. G. was supported by California Department of Boating and Waterways (Contract 05-106-115), NSF GK-12 Grant No. 0841407 and donations from Jim & Kris McMillan, Jeffrey & Marcy Krinsk, Lyn & Norman Lear, Ellis Wyer, and an anonymous donor. A.J.T. was supported by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation Marine Debris Programs (Grant 2007-0088-007). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 68 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 39 U2 299 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 20 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e80020 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0080020 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 256LY UT WOS:000327313100072 PM 24278233 ER PT J AU Johnson, BC Litorja, M Fowler, JB Shirley, EL Barnes, RA Butler, JJ AF Johnson, B. Carol Litorja, Maritoni Fowler, Joel B. Shirley, Eric L. Barnes, Robert A. Butler, James J. TI Results of aperture area comparisons for exo-atmospheric total solar irradiance measurements SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION BUDGET EXPERIMENT; ACTIVE CAVITY RADIOMETER; INTERNATIONAL-SPACE-STATION; EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEM; CONSTANT OBSERVATIONS; CRYOGENIC RADIOMETER; BOARD EURECA; VARIABILITY; ACCURACY; SCALE AB Exo-atmospheric solar irradiance measurements made by the solar irradiance community since 1978 have incorporated limiting apertures with diameters measured by a number of metrology laboratories using a variety of techniques. Knowledge of the aperture area is a critical component in the conversion of radiant flux measurements to solar irradiance. A National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing System (EOS) sponsored international comparison of aperture area measurements of limiting apertures provided by solar irradiance researchers was performed, the effort being executed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in coordination with the EOS Project Science Office. Apertures that had institutional heritage with historical solar irradiance measurements were measured using the absolute aperture measurement facility at NIST. The measurement technique employed noncontact video microscopy using high-accuracy translation stages. We have quantified the differences between the participating institutions' aperture area measurements and find no evidence to support the hypothesis that preflight aperture area measurements were the root cause of discrepancies in long-term total solar irradiance satellite measurements. Another result is the assessment of uncertainties assigned to methods used by participants. We find that uncertainties assigned to a participant's values may be underestimated. C1 [Johnson, B. Carol; Litorja, Maritoni; Fowler, Joel B.; Shirley, Eric L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Barnes, Robert A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Butler, James J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Johnson, BC (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cjohnson@nist.gov RI Butler, James/D-4188-2013 FU The NASA EOS Project Science Office [S 41365 F] FX The authors are grateful to Dominique A. Crommelynck and Steven Dewitte of the Institut Royal Meteorologique de Belgique, Brussels, Belgium; Claus Frohlich and Wolfgang Finsterle of the Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Centre, Davos, Switzerland; Robert B. Lee III of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Richard C. Willson of Columbia University, Coronado, California, USA; and Roger S. Helizon of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, USA for submission of the comparison apertures, associated documentation, and useful discussions. Greg Kopp of the University of Colorado's LASP facility provided useful discussions. The comments and suggestions of the anonymous reviewers were helpful in finalizing the text. Vladimir Khromchenko and Curtis Suplee of NIST provided technical assistance. The NASA EOS Project Science Office provided support (S 41365 F). NR 95 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 20 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 33 BP 7963 EP 7980 DI 10.1364/AO.52.007963 PG 18 WC Optics SC Optics GA 258NY UT WOS:000327467200015 PM 24513747 ER PT J AU Kunz, PD Heavner, TP Jefferts, SR AF Kunz, Paul D. Heavner, Thomas P. Jefferts, Steven R. TI Polarization-enhanced absorption spectroscopy for laser stabilization SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY STABILIZATION; SATURATED ABSORPTION; DIODE-LASER; TRANSITION; ATOMS AB We demonstrate a variation of pump-probe spectroscopy that is particularly useful for laser frequency stabilization. The polarization-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (POLEAS) signal provides a significant improvement in signal-to-noise ratio over saturated absorption spectroscopy (SAS) for the important and commonly used atomic cycling transitions. The improvements can directly increase the short-term stability of a laser frequency lock, given sufficient servo loop bandwidth. The long-term stability of the POLEAS method, which is limited by environmental sensitivities, is comparable to that of SAS. The POLEAS signal is automatically Doppler-free, without requiring a separate Doppler subtraction beam, and lends itself to straightforward compact packaging. Finally, by increasing the amplitude of the desired (cycling) peak, while reducing the amplitude of all other peaks in the manifold, the POLEAS method eases the implementation of laser auto-locking schemes. C1 [Kunz, Paul D.; Heavner, Thomas P.; Jefferts, Steven R.] NIST, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kunz, Paul D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kunz, PD (reprint author), NIST, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kunzp@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX This work is a contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), an agency of the U. S. government, and is not subject to copyright. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 20 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 33 BP 8048 EP 8053 DI 10.1364/AO.52.008048 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 258NY UT WOS:000327467200024 PM 24513756 ER PT J AU Theocharous, E Theocharous, SP Lehman, JH AF Theocharous, E. Theocharous, S. P. Lehman, J. H. TI Assembly and evaluation of a pyroelectric detector bonded to vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes over thin silicon SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED HEMISPHERICAL REFLECTANCE; M WAVELENGTH REGION; BLACK COATINGS; MU-M; ARRAY; NPL AB A novel pyroelectric detector consisting of a vertically aligned nanotube array on thin silicon (VANTA/Si) bonded to a 60 mu m thick crystal of LiTaO3 has been fabricated. The performance of the VANTA/Si-coated pyroelectric detector was evaluated using National Physical Laboratory's (NPL's) detector-characterization facilities. The relative spectral responsivity of the detector was found to be spectrally flat in the 0.8-24 mu m wavelength range, in agreement with directional-hemispherical reflectance measurements of witness samples of the VANTA. The spatial uniformity of response of the test detector exhibited good uniformity, although the nonuniformity increased with increasing modulation frequency. The nonuniformity may be assigned either to the dimensions of the VANTA or the continuity of the bond between the VANTA/Si coating and the pyroelectric crystal substrate. The test detector exhibited a small superlinear response, which is similar to that of pyroelectric detectors coated with good quality gold-black coatings. C1 [Theocharous, E.] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Theocharous, S. P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2BZ, England. [Lehman, J. H.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Theocharous, E (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Hampton Rd, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. EM e.theo@npl.co.uk FU National Measurement Office of the UK Department of Business, Innovation and Skills FX E. T. acknowledges support from the National Measurement Office of the UK Department of Business, Innovation and Skills. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 25 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 20 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 33 BP 8054 EP 8059 DI 10.1364/AO.52.008054 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 258NY UT WOS:000327467200025 PM 24513757 ER PT J AU Armitage, PJ Simon, JB Martin, RG AF Armitage, Philip J. Simon, Jacob B. Martin, Rebecca G. TI TWO TIMESCALE DISPERSAL OF MAGNETIZED PROTOPLANETARY DISKS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); protoplanetary disks ID T-TAURI STARS; WIND-DRIVEN ACCRETION; MAGNETOROTATIONAL-INSTABILITY; FAR-ULTRAVIOLET; OUTER REGIONS; X-RAY; TURBULENCE; DISCS; FIELD; EVOLUTION AB Protoplanetary disks are likely to be threaded by a weak net flux of vertical magnetic field that is a remnant of the much larger fluxes present in molecular cloud cores. If this flux is approximately conserved its dynamical importance will increase as mass is accreted, initially by stimulating magnetorotational disk turbulence and subsequently by enabling wind angular momentum loss. We use fits to numerical simulations of ambipolar dominated disk turbulence to construct simplified one-dimensional evolution models for weakly magnetized protoplanetary disks. We show that the late onset of significant angular momentum loss in a wind can give rise to "two timescale" disk evolution in which a long phase of viscous evolution precedes rapid dispersal as the wind becomes dominant. The wide dispersion in disk lifetimes could therefore be due to varying initial levels of net flux. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wind triggered dispersal differs from photoevaporative dispersal in predicting mass loss from small (<1 AU) scales, where thermal winds are suppressed. Our specific models are based on a limited set of simulations that remain uncertain, but qualitatively similar evolution appears likely if mass is lost from disks more quickly than flux, and if MHD winds become important as the plasma beta decreases. C1 [Armitage, Philip J.; Simon, Jacob B.; Martin, Rebecca G.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Armitage, Philip J.; Simon, Jacob B.; Martin, Rebecca G.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Armitage, PJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM pja@jilau1.colorado.edu FU NASA [NNX11AE12G, NNX13AI58G, NAS 5-26555]; Space Telescope Science Institute [HST-AR-12814]; California Institute of Technology (Caltech); NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program FX We thank our collaborator Xuening Bai, Richard Alexander and Cathie Clarke for help and advice. P.J.A. and J.B.S. acknowledge support from NASA grants NNX11AE12G and NNX13AI58G, and from grant HST-AR-12814 awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contact NAS 5-26555. R.G.M.'s support was provided in part under contract with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD NOV 20 PY 2013 VL 778 IS 1 AR UNSP L14 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/778/1/L14 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 253VF UT WOS:000327116700014 ER PT J AU Borkowski, M Zuchowski, PS Ciurylo, R Julienne, PS Kedziera, D Mentel, L Tecmer, P Munchow, F Bruni, C Gorlitz, A AF Borkowski, Mateusz Zuchowski, Piotr S. Ciurylo, Roman Julienne, Paul S. Kedziera, Dariusz Mentel, Lukasz Tecmer, Pawel Muenchow, Frank Bruni, Cristian Goerlitz, Axel TI Scattering lengths in isotopologues of the RbYb system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID 2-COLOR PHOTOASSOCIATION SPECTROSCOPY; COUPLED-CLUSTER THEORY; POLARIZATION PROPAGATOR; POLAR-MOLECULES; ATOMS AB We model the binding energies of rovibrational levels of the RbYb molecule using experimental data from two-color photoassociation spectroscopy in mixtures of ultracold Rb-87 with various Yb isotopes. The model uses a theoretical potential based on state-of-the-art ab initio potentials, further improved by least-squares fitting to the experimental data. We have fixed the number of bound states supported by the potential curve, so that the model is mass scaled, that is, it accurately describes the bound-state energies for all measured isotopic combinations. Such a model enables an accurate prediction of the s-wave scattering lengths of all isotopic combinations of the RbYb system. The reduced mass range is broad enough to cover the full scattering lengths range from -infinity to +infinity. For example, the (RbYb)-Rb-87-Yb-174 system is characterized by a large positive scattering length of +880(120) a.u., while (RbYb)-Rb-87-Yb-173 has a = -626(88) a.u. On the other hand (RbYb)-Rb-87-Yb-170 has a very small scattering length of -11.5(2.5) a.u. confirmed by the pair's extremely low thermalization rate. For isotopic combinations including Rb-85 the variation of the interspecies scattering lengths is much smoother ranging from +39.0(1.6) a.u. for (RbYb)-Rb-85-Yb-176 to +230(12) a.u. in the case of (RbYb)-Rb-85-Yb-168. Hyperfine corrections to these scattering lengths are also given. We further complement the fitted potential with interaction parameters calculated from alternative methods. The recommended value of the van der Waals coefficient is C-6 = 2837(13) a.u. agrees with but is more precise than the current state-of-the-art theoretical predictions [M. S. Safronova, S. G. Porsev, and C. W. Clark, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 230802 (2012)]. C1 [Borkowski, Mateusz; Zuchowski, Piotr S.; Ciurylo, Roman] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Julienne, Paul S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kedziera, Dariusz] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Dept Chem, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Mentel, Lukasz] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Sect Theoret Chem, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Tecmer, Pawel] ETH, Phys Chem Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Muenchow, Frank; Bruni, Cristian; Goerlitz, Axel] Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Expt Phys, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. RP Borkowski, M (reprint author), Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. EM pzuch@fizyka.umk.pl; rciurylo@fizyka.umk.pl RI Kedziera, Dariusz/N-9868-2013; Borkowski, Mateusz/C-2499-2013; Zuchowski, Piotr/F-6498-2010; Ciurylo, Roman/G-8680-2014; Tecmer, Pawel/B-4366-2015; Mentel, Lukasz/D-8194-2013; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Kedziera, Dariusz/0000-0002-9100-5370; Zuchowski, Piotr/0000-0001-9267-3090; Tecmer, Pawel/0000-0001-6347-878X; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU Foundation for Polish Science TEAM Project Precise Optical Control and Metrology of Quantum Systems; Foundation for Polish Science Homing Plus Programme [2011-3/14]; European Regional Development Fund; NCN [DEC-2012/07/B/ST4/01347]; AFOSR MURI [FA9550-09-1-0617]; National Science Foundation [PHY11-25915] FX This work has been partially supported by the Foundation for Polish Science TEAM Project Precise Optical Control and Metrology of Quantum Systems and the Foundation for Polish Science Homing Plus Programme No. 2011-3/14 cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund. The project is a part of an ongoing research program of the National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland. The authors also acknowledge the Wroclaw Networking and Supercomputing Center, Academic Computer Center Cyfronet AGH, and SURFsara (Amsterdam) for generous allotment of computer time. D. K. acknowledges support from the NCN Grant No. DEC-2012/07/B/ST4/01347. P.S.J. acknowledges support from an AFOSR MURI Grant No. FA9550-09-1-0617. This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY11-25915. NR 70 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 20 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 5 AR 052708 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.88.052708 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 254FD UT WOS:000327149100008 ER PT J AU Brault, EK Goebel, ME Geisz, HN Canuel, EA Dickhut, RM AF Brault, Emily K. Goebel, Michael E. Geisz, Heidi N. Canuel, Elizabeth A. Dickhut, Rebecca M. TI Inter-Annual Variation of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPS) in an Antarctic Top Predator Arctocephalus gazella SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN FUR-SEAL; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ORGANOCHLORINE RESIDUES; REPRODUCTIVE TRANSFER; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; STABLE-ISOTOPES; KILLER WHALES; ORCINUS-ORCA; AGE; MILK AB Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), contaminants that may bioaccumulate in upper trophic level organisms, were detected in the milk of a top predator, the Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella). Multiparous females had significantly lower concentrations of certain POPs (trans-nonachlor, p,p'-DDE, and several PCBs) in their milk than primiparous females, likely due to the annual lactational transfer of the POP burden from mother to pup. Furthermore, there were significant interannual differences in POP concentrations in multiparous females' milk from five breeding seasons between 2000 and 2011. Decreasing trends in concentrations of certain POPs over the recent decade coincide with declining global emissions, yet atmospheric concentrations in the Antarctic are not always consistent with global trends, suggesting that additional factors may contribute to temporal trends of POPs in fur seals. Climate shifts and corresponding availability of krill over the past decade were not consistent with trends observed in POP concentrations in fur seal milk, suggesting that climate may not be a key factor. Additional mechanisms, such as variability in the geographic ranges of individual seals during overwintering migrations are discussed and should be explored further. C1 [Brault, Emily K.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Goebel, Michael E.] NOAA Fisheries, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Geisz, Heidi N.; Canuel, Elizabeth A.; Dickhut, Rebecca M.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Brault, EK (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM ebrault@ucsc.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [0838932] FX We would like to acknowledge the National Science Foundation (NSF) for the funding to conduct this research (Award No. 0838932). Additionally, we would like to thank Elizabeth MacDonald and Michele Cochran for contributions to the chemical analyses, as well as Zachary Brown, Catarina Wor, and Dr. Andrew Wozniak for valuable insights in data analyses and presentation. We are grateful to the many field assistants that helped in capture and sample collection especially G.I. McDonald, Y. Tremblay, J.J. Lyons, R. Burner, Buchheit, N. Pussini, C. Bonin, and K. Pietrzak. We are also grateful for the support of Drs. Rennie S. Holt and George Watters, directors of the US-AMLR program and to Dr. D.P. Costa, UCSC for their support of Pinniped research at Cape Shirreff. All Antarctic fur seal research and sample collection was conducted under Marine Mammal Protection Act Permit Nos. 1024, 774-1649, 774-1847, and 16472-01 granted by the Office of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries Service. This paper is Contribution No. 3325 of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 19 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 22 BP 12744 EP 12752 DI 10.1021/es403577f PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257CI UT WOS:000327360600018 PM 24138491 ER PT J AU Burns, JM Pennington, PL Sisco, PN Frey, R Kashiwada, S Fulton, MH Scott, GI Decho, AW Murphy, CJ Shaw, TJ Ferry, JL AF Burns, Justina M. Pennington, Paul L. Sisco, Patrick N. Frey, Rebecca Kashiwada, Shosaku Fulton, Michael H. Scott, Geoffrey I. Decho, Alan W. Murphy, Catherine J. Shaw, Timothy J. Ferry, John L. TI Surface Charge Controls the Fate of Au Nanorods in Saline Estuaries SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROCOSMS DETERMINE FATE; GOLD NANORODS; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; ABIOTIC INTERACTIONS; VIRAL ABUNDANCE; FRESH-WATER; AGGREGATION; TOXICITY; ENVIRONMENTS AB This work reports the distribution of negatively charged, gold core nanoparticles in a model marine estuary as a function of time. A single dose of purified polystyrene sulfonate (PSS)-coated gold nanorods was added to a series of three replicate estuarine mesocosms to emulate an abrupt nanoparticle release event to a tidal creek of a Spartina-dominated estuary. The mesocosms contained several phases that were monitored: seawater, natural sediments, mature cordgrass, juvenile northern quahog clam, mud snails, and grass shrimp. Aqueous nanorod concentrations rose rapidly upon initial dosing and then fell to stable levels over the course of approximately 50 h, after which they remained stable for the remainder of the experiment (41 days total). The concentration of nanorods rose in all other phases during the initial phase of the experiment; however, some organisms demonstrated depuration over extended periods of time (100+ h) before removal from the dosed tanks. Clams and biofilm samples were also removed from the contaminated tanks post-exposure to monitor their depuration in pristine seawater. The highest net uptake of gold (mass normalized) occurred in the biofilm phase during the first 24 h, after which it was stable (to the 95% level of confidence) throughout the remainder of the exposure experiment. The results are compared against a previous study of positively charged nanoparticles of the same size to parameterize the role of surface charge in determining nanoparticle fate in complex aquatic environments. C1 [Burns, Justina M.; Frey, Rebecca; Shaw, Timothy J.; Ferry, John L.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Pennington, Paul L.; Fulton, Michael H.; Scott, Geoffrey I.] Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Sisco, Patrick N.; Murphy, Catherine J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kashiwada, Shosaku] Toyo Univ, Dept Life Sci, Oura, Gunma 3740193, Japan. [Decho, Alan W.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Decho, Alan W.; Murphy, Catherine J.; Shaw, Timothy J.; Ferry, John L.] Univ S Carolina, Nanoctr, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Ferry, JL (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM ferry@mail.chem.sc.edu OI Ferry, John/0000-0002-1420-8406; Shaw, Timothy/0000-0002-0032-457X; Murphy, Catherine/0000-0001-7066-5575 FU University of South Carolina Nanocenter FX This work was supported by the University of South Carolina Nanocenter. NR 60 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 19 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 22 BP 12844 EP 12851 DI 10.1021/es402880u PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257CI UT WOS:000327360600030 PM 24144224 ER PT J AU Wang, MY Shen, Y Turko, IV Nelson, DC Li, SW AF Wang, Meiyao Shen, Yang Turko, Illarion V. Nelson, Daniel C. Li, Shuwei TI Determining Carbapenemase Activity with O-18 Labeling and Targeted Mass Spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BETA-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS; DESORPTION IONIZATION-TIME; QUANTITATIVE PROTEOMICS; RAPID DETECTION; RESISTANCE; PEPTIDES AB Carbapenems are broad spectrum antibiotics considered as a "last resort" medicine to treat bacterial infections. Carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamases (also called carbapenemases), however, can confer bacterial resistance and represent a serious health threat. Here, we report a novel approach using O-18 labeling and selected reaction monitoring to detect carbapenemase activity from pathogenic microorganisms in a rapid and quantitative manner. Four model bacterial strains bearing various classes of beta-lactamases were tested for their capability to hydrolyze Meropenem, an FDA-approved carbapenem drug. We were able to predict the Meropenem resistance of these bacteria on the basis of their carbapenemase activity, suggesting the great potential of our method in clinical diagnostics. C1 [Wang, Meiyao; Shen, Yang; Turko, Illarion V.; Nelson, Daniel C.; Li, Shuwei] Univ Maryland, IBBR, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Wang, Meiyao; Turko, Illarion V.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Shen, Yang; Nelson, Daniel C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Li, Shuwei] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Li, SW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, IBBR, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM sli@umd.edu NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 19 PY 2013 VL 85 IS 22 BP 11014 EP 11019 DI 10.1021/ac402627k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 257CK UT WOS:000327360900055 PM 24131330 ER PT J AU Sarangapani, PS Hudson, SD Migler, KB Pathak, JA AF Sarangapani, Prasad S. Hudson, Steven D. Migler, Kalman B. Pathak, Jai A. TI The Limitations of an Exclusively Colloidal View of Protein Solution Hydrodynamics and Rheology SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY SOLUTIONS; PARTIAL SPECIFIC VOLUMES; INTRINSIC-VISCOSITY; CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENCE; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENT; HEMOGLOBIN-SOLUTIONS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; HYDRATION AB Proteins are complex macromolecules with dynamic conformations. They are charged like colloids, but unlike colloids, charge is heterogeneously distributed on their surfaces. Here we overturn entrenched doctrine that uncritically treats bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a colloidal hard sphere by elucidating the complex pH and surface hydration-dependence of solution viscosity. We measure the infinite shear viscosity of buffered BSA solutions in a parameter space chosen to tune competing long-range repulsions and short-range attractions (2 mg/mL <= [BSA] <= 500 mg/mL and 3.0 <= pH <= 7.4). We account for surface hydration through partial specific volume to define volume fraction and determine that the pH-dependent BSA intrinsic viscosity never equals the classical hard sphere result (2.5). We attempt to fit our data to the colloidal rheology models of Russel, Saville, and Schowalter (RSS) and Krieger-Dougherty (KD), which are each routinely and successfully applied to uniformly charged suspensions and to hard-sphere suspensions, respectively. We discover that the RSS model accurately describes our data at pH 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0, but fails at pH 6.0 and 7.4, due to steeply rising solution viscosity at high concentration. When we implement the KD model with the maximum packing volume fraction as the sole floating parameter while holding the intrinsic viscosity constant, we conclude that the model only succeeds at pH 6.0 and 7.4. These findings lead us to define a minimal framework for models of crowded protein solution viscosity wherein critical protein-specific attributes (namely, conformation, surface hydration, and surface charge distribution) are addressed. C1 [Sarangapani, Prasad S.; Pathak, Jai A.] MedImmune, Formulat Sci Dept, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Hudson, Steven D.; Migler, Kalman B.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pathak, JA (reprint author), MedImmune, Formulat Sci Dept, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM pathakj@medimmune.com FU MedImmune post-doctoral fellowship program FX P.S.S. and J.A.P. thank the MedImmune post-doctoral fellowship program for funding. NR 70 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 36 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD NOV 19 PY 2013 VL 105 IS 10 BP 2418 EP 2426 DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.10.012 PG 9 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 256BQ UT WOS:000327285100023 PM 24268154 ER PT J AU Kim, KW Lee, HW Lee, KJ Stiles, MD AF Kim, Kyoung-Whan Lee, Hyun-Woo Lee, Kyung-Jin Stiles, M. D. TI Chirality from Interfacial Spin-Orbit Coupling Effects in Magnetic Bilayers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DOMAIN-WALL MOTION; TRANSFER TORQUES; DRIVEN; DYNAMICS; LAYER; FERROMAGNETS AB As nanomagnetic devices scale to smaller sizes, spin-orbit coupling due to the broken structural inversion symmetry at interfaces becomes increasingly important. Here, we study interfacial spin-orbit coupling effects in magnetic bilayers using a simple Rashba model. The spin-orbit coupling introduces chirality into the behavior of the electrons and through them into the energetics of the magnetization. In the derived form of the magnetization dynamics, all of the contributions that are linear in the spin-orbit coupling follow from this chirality, considerably simplifying the analysis. For these systems, an important consequence is a correlation between the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and the spin-orbit torque. We use this correlation to analyze recent experiments. C1 [Kim, Kyoung-Whan] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Basic Sci Res Inst, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Kim, Kyoung-Whan; Lee, Hyun-Woo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Lee, Kyung-Jin] Korea Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Lee, Kyung-Jin] Korea Univ, KU KIST Grad Sch Converging Sci & Technol, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Stiles, M. D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kim, KW (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Basic Sci Res Inst, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM hwl@postech.ac.kr RI Lee, Hyun-Woo/B-8995-2008; Lee, Kyung-Jin/B-4431-2010; Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012; Kim, Kyoung-Whan/E-5582-2015 OI Lee, Hyun-Woo/0000-0002-1648-8093; Lee, Kyung-Jin/0000-0001-6269-2266; Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; Kim, Kyoung-Whan/0000-0002-1382-7088 FU NRF [2013R1A2A2A05006237, 2011-0030046, 2013R1A2A2A01013188] FX H. W. L. wishes to thank Ki-Seok Kim, F. Freimuth, S. Blugel, T. Silva, and P. Haney for critical comments and useful discussions. Financial support was provided by NRF Grants No. 2013R1A2A2A05006237 and No. 2011-0030046 (H. W. L.) and No. 2013R1A2A2A01013188 (K. J. L.). NR 51 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 42 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 19 PY 2013 VL 111 IS 21 AR 216601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.216601 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 255NC UT WOS:000327245600023 PM 24313509 ER PT J AU Farmer, NA Karnauskas, M AF Farmer, Nicholas A. Karnauskas, Mandy TI Spatial Distribution and Conservation of Speckled Hind and Warsaw Grouper in the Atlantic Ocean off the Southeastern U. S. SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MARINE RESERVES; NORTH-CAROLINA; UNITED-STATES; REEF; FISHES; SUSTAINABILITY; ECOSYSTEM; DESIGN; COAST AB There is broad interest in the development of efficient marine protected areas (MPAs) to reduce bycatch and end overfishing of speckled hind (Epinephelus drummondhayi) and warsaw grouper (Hyporthodus nigritus) in the Atlantic Ocean off the southeastern U. S. We assimilated decades of data from many fishery-dependent, fishery-independent, and anecdotal sources to describe the spatial distribution of these data limited stocks. A spatial classification model was developed to categorize depth-grids based on the distribution of speckled hind and warsaw grouper point observations and identified benthic habitats. Logistic regression analysis was used to develop a quantitative model to predict the spatial distribution of speckled hind and warsaw grouper as a function of depth, latitude, and habitat. Models, controlling for sampling gear effects, were selected based on AIC and 10-fold cross validation. The best-fitting model for warsaw grouper included latitude and depth to explain 10.8% of the variability in probability of detection, with a false prediction rate of 28-33%. The best-fitting model for speckled hind, per cross-validation, included latitude and depth to explain 36.8% of the variability in probability of detection, with a false prediction rate of 25-27%. The best-fitting speckled hind model, per AIC, also included habitat, but had false prediction rates up to 36%. Speckled hind and warsaw grouper habitats followed a shelf-edge hardbottom ridge from North Carolina to southeast Florida, with speckled hind more common to the north and warsaw grouper more common to the south. The proportion of habitat classifications and model-estimated stock contained within established and proposed MPAs was computed. Existing MPAs covered 10% of probable shelf-edge habitats for speckled hind and warsaw grouper, protecting 3-8% of speckled hind and 8% of warsaw grouper stocks. Proposed MPAs could add 24% more probable shelf-edge habitat, and protect an additional 14-29% of speckled hind and 20% of warsaw grouper stocks. C1 [Farmer, Nicholas A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Karnauskas, Mandy] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL USA. RP Farmer, NA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL USA. EM nick.farmer@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 13 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 19 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e78682 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0078682 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 256LO UT WOS:000327311900009 PM 24260126 ER PT J AU Kirk, NL Ritson-Williams, R Coffroth, MA Miller, MW Fogarty, ND Santos, SR AF Kirk, Nathan L. Ritson-Williams, Raphael Coffroth, Mary Alice Miller, Margaret W. Fogarty, Nicole D. Santos, Scott R. TI Tracking Transmission of Apicomplexan Symbionts in Diverse Caribbean Corals SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ANNULARIS SPECIES COMPLEX; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; PORITES-ASTREOIDES; ACROPORA-PALMATA; PLANULA LARVAE; REEF CORALS; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; GENUS SYMBIODINIUM; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; PERKINSUS-MARINUS AB Symbionts in each generation are transmitted to new host individuals either vertically (parent to offspring), horizontally (from exogenous sources), or a combination of both. Scleractinian corals make an excellent study system for understanding patterns of symbiont transmission since they harbor diverse symbionts and possess distinct reproductive modes of either internal brooding or external broadcast spawning that generally correlate with vertical or horizontal transmission, respectively. Here, we focused on the under-recognized, but apparently widespread, coral-associated apicomplexans (Protista: Alveolata) to determine if symbiont transmission depends on host reproductive mode. Specifically, a PCR-based assay was utilized towards identifying whether planula larvae and reproductive adults from brooding and broadcast spawning scleractinian coral species in Florida and Belize harbored apicomplexan DNA. Nearly all (85.5%; n = 85/89) examined planulae of five brooding species (Porites astreoides, Agaricia tenuifolia, Agaricia agaricites, Favia fragum, Mycetophyllia ferox) and adults of P. astreoides were positive for apicomplexan DNA. In contrast, no (n = 0/10) apicomplexan DNA was detected from planulae of four broadcast spawning species (Acropora cervicornis, Acropora palmata, Pseudodiploria strigosa, and Orbicella faveolata) and rarely in gametes (8.9%; n = 5/56) of these species sampled from the same geographical range as the brooding species. In contrast, tissue samples from nearly all (92.0%; n = 81/88) adults of the broadcast spawning species A. cervicornis, A. palmata and O. faveolata harbored apicomplexan DNA, including colonies whose gametes and planulae tested negative for these symbionts. Taken together, these data suggest apicomplexans are transmitted vertically in these brooding scleractinian coral species while the broadcast spawning scleractinian species examined here acquire these symbionts horizontally. Notably, these transmission patterns are consistent with those of other scleractinian coral symbionts. While this study furthers knowledge regarding these symbionts, numerous questions remain to be addressed, particularly in regard to the specific interaction(s) between these apicomplexans and their hosts. C1 [Kirk, Nathan L.; Santos, Scott R.] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Kirk, Nathan L.; Santos, Scott R.] Auburn Univ, Molette Biol Lab Environm & Climate Change Studie, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Ritson-Williams, Raphael] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Coffroth, Mary Alice] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Miller, Margaret W.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Fogarty, Nicole D.] Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL USA. [Santos, Scott R.] Auburn Univ, Cellular & Mol Biosci Peak Program, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Kirk, NL (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM kirknat@gmail.com RI Santos, Scott/A-7472-2009 FU PADI Foundation [4005]; National Science Foundation [OCE-09-26822]; NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; MOTE protect our reefs grant [POR-2010-29] FX This work was funded by grants from the PADI Foundation (http://www.padifoundation.org/ #4005 to NLK), National Science Foundation (http://www.nsf.gov/: OCE-09-26822 to MAC), the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (http://coralreef.noaa.gov/aboutcrcp/workwithus/funding/grants/) and the MOTE protect our reefs grant (http://isurus.mote.org/Keys/reef_plate.phtml: POR-2010-29 to VP). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 87 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 27 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 19 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e80618 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0080618 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 256LO UT WOS:000327311900079 PM 24260438 ER PT J AU Bigford, TE AF Bigford, Thomas E. TI Sharks Eat What? SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Habitat Conservat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bigford, TE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Habitat Conservat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Thomas.bigford@noaa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD NOV 19 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 11 BP 513 EP U63 DI 10.1080/03632415.2013.848349 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 248DO UT WOS:000326674100011 ER PT J AU Horansky, RD Bennett, DA Schmidt, DR Zink, BL Ullom, JN AF Horansky, Robert D. Bennett, Douglas A. Schmidt, Daniel R. Zink, Barry L. Ullom, Joel N. TI Identification and elimination of anomalous thermal decay in gamma-ray microcalorimeters SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; EV ENERGY RESOLUTION; X-RAY; SUPERCONDUCTING ABSORBERS; DETECTOR AB Microcalorimeter detectors rely on superconducting components and cryogenic temperatures to provide over an order-of-magnitude improvement in energy resolution compared to semiconducting sensors. Resolution improvements impact fields from gamma-ray astrophysics to nuclear safeguards. The temporal response of these detectors has been much slower than predicted from the known device parameters. This discrepancy has been attributed to the dynamics of quasiparticles and phonons in the bulk absorber used for absorbing photons. We will show that long-lived states in the glue used for absorber attachment have been the dominant cause of the slow response. Also, we have fabricated microcalorimeters using metal-to-metal diffusion bonding to attach the absorber. These detectors show a significant improvement in their recovery after gamma-ray events and will now enable study of the internal scattering dynamics of the bulk absorber. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Horansky, Robert D.; Bennett, Douglas A.; Schmidt, Daniel R.; Ullom, Joel N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zink, Barry L.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Horansky, RD (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway MS 686-02, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM horansky@nist.gov OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690 FU U.S. Department of Energy through the Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development; U.S. Department of Energy through the Office of Nuclear Energy; DIA NCMR via NPS [N00244-12-1-0064] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy through the Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development and the Office of Nuclear Energy. R.D.H. acknowledges the support by funding from DIA NCMR via NPS (Award No. N00244-12-1-0064). NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 21 AR 212602 DI 10.1063/1.4830373 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 260JF UT WOS:000327590400053 ER PT J AU Bezares, FJ Long, JP Glembocki, OJ Guo, JP Rendell, RW Kasica, R Shirey, L Owrutsky, JC Caldwell, JD AF Bezares, Francisco J. Long, James P. Glembocki, Orest J. Guo, Junpeng Rendell, Ronald W. Kasica, Richard Shirey, Loretta Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. Caldwell, Joshua D. TI Mie resonance-enhanced light absorption in periodic silicon nanopillar arrays SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID NANOANTENNA ARRAYS; RAMAN-SCATTERING; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; DIPOLAR INTERACTIONS; PLASMON RESONANCE; OPTICAL ANTENNAS; NANOROD ARRAYS; LONG-RANGE; LARGE-AREA; RESONATORS AB Mie-resonances in vertical, small aspect-ratio and subwavelength silicon nanopillars are investigated using visible bright-field mu-reflection measurements and Raman scattering. Pillar-to-pillar interactions were examined by comparing randomly to periodically arranged arrays with systematic variations in nanopillar diameter and array pitch. First- and second-order Mie resonances are observed in reflectance spectra as pronounced dips with minimum reflectances of several percent, suggesting an alternative approach to fabricating a perfect absorber. The resonant wavelengths shift approximately linearly with nanopillar diameter, which enables a simple empirical description of the resonance condition. In addition, resonances are also significantly affected by array density, with an overall oscillating blue shift as the pitch is reduced. Finite-element method and finite-difference time-domain simulations agree closely with experimental results and provide valuable insight into the nature of the dielectric resonance modes, including a surprisingly small influence of the substrate on resonance wavelength. To probe local fields within the Si nanopillars, mu-Raman scattering measurements were also conducted that confirm enhanced optical fields in the pillars when excited on-resonance. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Bezares, Francisco J.; Long, James P.; Glembocki, Orest J.; Rendell, Ronald W.; Shirey, Loretta; Owrutsky, Jeffrey C.; Caldwell, Joshua D.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kasica, Richard] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guo, Junpeng] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Bezares, FJ (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fbezares@temple.edu RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; Shirey, Loretta/B-3164-2013 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; Shirey, Loretta/0000-0003-2600-3405 FU Naval Research Laboratory's Nanoscience Institute; ASEE-NRL Postdoctoral Fellowship Program; ASEE-Naval Research Office Summer Faculty Fellowship Program FX Support for this work was provided through the Naval Research Laboratory's Nanoscience Institute. Support for F.J.B. was provided through the ASEE-NRL Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. J.G. acknowledges the support from the ASEE-Naval Research Office Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. The authors would like to thank Prof. Linyou Cao for his insights into these systems. Electron beam lithography was performed at the Center for Nanoscale Technology at the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, MD. NR 66 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 6 U2 91 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 18 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 23 BP 27587 EP 27601 DI 10.1364/OE.21.027587 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 258YG UT WOS:000327494000007 PM 24514277 ER PT J AU Choi, CJ Semancik, S AF Choi, Charles J. Semancik, Steve TI Effect of interdome spacing on the resonance properties of plasmonic nanodome arrays for label-free optical sensing SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PHOTONIC CRYSTAL-SURFACE; ENHANCED-FLUORESCENCE; BIOSENSOR; SENSOR AB In this paper, we report on experimental and theoretical studies that investigate how the structural properties of plasmonic nanodome array devices determine their optical properties and sensing performance. We examined the effect of the interdome gap spacing within the plasmonic array structures on the performance for detection of change in local refractive index environment for label-free capture affinity biosensing applications. Optical sensing properties were characterized for nanodome array devices with interdome spacings of 14 nm, 40 nm, and 79 nm, as well as for a device where adjacent domes are in contact. For each interdome spacing, the extinction spectrum was measured using a broadband reflection instrumentation, and finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) simulation was used to model the local electric field distribution associated with the resonances. Based on these studies, we predict that nanodome array devices with gap between 14 nm to 20 nm provide optimal label-free capture affinity biosensing performances, where the dipole resonance mode exhibits the highest overall surface sensitivity, as well as the lowest limit of detection. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Choi, Charles J.; Semancik, Steve] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Choi, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM charles.choi@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX The authors thank Kurt Benkstein, Rebecca Zangmeister, Chris Michaels, Pawel Jaruga, and Dean Ripple for valuable comments and assistance relevant to this work. C. J. C. is supported by a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Postdoctoral Research Associateship Award administered through the National Research Council. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 15 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 18 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 23 BP 28304 EP 28313 DI 10.1364/OE.21.028304 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 258YG UT WOS:000327494000071 PM 24514341 ER PT J AU Nardin, G Autry, TM Silverman, KL Cundiff, ST AF Nardin, Gael Autry, Travis M. Silverman, Kevin L. Cundiff, S. T. TI Multidimensional coherent photocurrent spectroscopy of a semiconductor nanostructure SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; 2-DIMENSIONAL INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY; PHASE; PEPTIDES; SPECTRA AB Multidimensional Coherent Optical Photocurrent Spectroscopy (MD-COPS) is implemented using unstabilized interferometers. Photocurrent from a semiconductor sample is generated using a sequence of four excitation pulses in a collinear geometry. Each pulse is frequency shifted by a unique radio frequency through acousto-optical modulation; the Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) signal is then selected in the frequency domain. The interference of an auxiliary continuous wave laser, which is sent through the same interferometers as the excitation pulses, is used to synthesize reference frequencies for lock-in detection of the photocurrent FWM signal. This scheme enables the partial compensation of mechanical fluctuations in the setup, achieving sufficient phase stability without the need for active stabilization. The method intrinsically provides both the real and imaginary parts of the FWM signal as a function of inter-pulse delays. This signal is subsequently Fourier transformed to create a multi-dimensional spectrum. Measurements made on the excitonic resonance in a double InGaAs quantum well embedded in a p-i-n diode demonstrate the technique. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Nardin, Gael; Autry, Travis M.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nardin, Gael; Autry, Travis M.; Cundiff, S. T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Autry, Travis M.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Silverman, Kevin L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu RI Nardin, Gael/F-3484-2011; Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Nardin, Gael/0000-0001-6642-0348; Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 FU Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) FX We acknowledge Terry Brown, Andrej Grubisic and David Alchenberger for technical help and fruitful discussions, and Richard Mirin for the epitaxial growth of the QW sample. G.N. acknowledges support by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). NR 47 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 28 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 18 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 23 BP 28617 EP 28627 DI 10.1364/OE.21.028617 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 258YG UT WOS:000327494000103 PM 24514373 ER PT J AU Zhang, YB Glancy, S Knill, E AF Zhang, Yanbao Glancy, Scott Knill, Emanuel TI Efficient quantification of experimental evidence against local realism SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HIDDEN-VARIABLE THEORIES; INEQUALITIES; SEPARABILITY AB Tests of local realism and their applications aim for very high confidence in their results even in the presence of potentially adversarial effects. For this purpose, one can measure a quantity that reflects the amount of violation of local realism and determine a bound on the probability, according to local realism, of obtaining a violation at least that observed. In general, it is difficult to obtain sufficiently robust and small bounds. Here we describe an efficient protocol for computing such bounds from any set of Bell inequalities for any number of parties, measurement settings, or outcomes. The protocol can be applied to tests of other properties (such as entanglement or dimensionality) that are witnessed by linear inequalities. C1 [Zhang, Yanbao] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, Yanbao; Glancy, Scott; Knill, Emanuel] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zhang, YB (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 18 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 5 AR 052119 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.88.052119 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 254ES UT WOS:000327147900003 ER PT J AU Mishin, Y Warren, JA Sekerka, RF Boettinger, WJ AF Mishin, Y. Warren, J. A. Sekerka, R. F. Boettinger, W. J. TI Irreversible thermodynamics of creep in crystalline solids SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHASE-FIELD MODEL; THERMOCHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM; RECIPROCAL RELATIONS; NONIDEAL SOURCES; STRESS; TRANSFORMATIONS; DEFORMATION; VACANCIES; INTERFACES; DIFFUSION AB We develop an irreversible thermodynamics framework for the description of creep deformation in crystalline solids by mechanisms that involve vacancy diffusion and lattice site generation and annihilation. The material undergoing the creep deformation is treated as a nonhydrostatically stressed multicomponent solid medium with nonconserved lattice sites and inhomogeneities handled by employing gradient thermodynamics. Phase fields describe microstructure evolution, which gives rise to redistribution of vacancy sinks and sources in the material during the creep process. We derive a general expression for the entropy production rate and use it to identify of the relevant fluxes and driving forces and to formulate phenomenological relations among them taking into account symmetry properties of the material. As a simple application, we analyze a one-dimensional model of a bicrystal in which the grain boundary acts as a sink and source of vacancies. The kinetic equations of the model describe a creep deformation process accompanied by grain boundary migration and relative rigid translations of the grains. They also demonstrate the effect of grain boundary migration induced by a vacancy concentration gradient across the boundary. C1 [Mishin, Y.] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Warren, J. A.; Boettinger, W. J.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sekerka, R. F.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Mishin, Y (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, MSN 3F3, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ymishin@gmu.edu RI Mishin, Yuri/P-2020-2015 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, the Materials Science and Engineering Division FX We are grateful to G. B. McFadden, J. E. Guyer, and J. Odqvist for helpful discussions in the course of this research. This work was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, the Materials Science and Engineering Division. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 18 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 18 AR 184303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.184303 PG 23 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 254GS UT WOS:000327153600003 ER PT J AU Li, X Yang, S Wang, H Jia, XL Kumar, A AF Li, Xun Yang, Song Wang, Hui Jia, Xiaolong Kumar, Arun TI A dynamical-statistical forecast model for the annual frequency of western Pacific tropical cyclones based on the NCEP Climate Forecast System version 2 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; SEASONAL HURRICANE FREQUENCY; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; NORTH PACIFIC; TYPHOON FREQUENCY; EL-NINO; ATLANTIC; ENSO; VARIABILITY; SEA C1 [Li, Xun] China Meteorol Adm, Hainan Meteorol Serv, Haikou, Peoples R China. [Yang, Song] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Wang, Hui; Kumar, Arun] NOAA NWS NCEP Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Jia, Xiaolong] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Yang, S (reprint author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, 135 W Xingang Rd, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM yangsong3@mail.sysu.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41365005]; National Technology Research and Development Program [2013BAK05B03]; Meteorological Public Welfare Scientific Research Project grant [GYHY201106010] FX We thank Wanqiu Wang for providing the CFSv2 real-time forecasts. We also thank Zeng-Zhen Hu and three anonymous reviewers for constructive comments and suggestions. This research was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant 41365005, the National Technology Research and Development Program grant 2013BAK05B03, the Meteorological Public Welfare Scientific Research Project grant GYHY201106010, and the Sun Yat-sen University "985 Project" Phase 3. The manuscript was prepared while the first author was a visiting scientist at the NOAA Climate Prediction Center. NR 65 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 21 BP 12061 EP 12074 DI 10.1002/2013JD020708 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 261WD UT WOS:000327694400001 ER PT J AU Powell, AM Weng, FZ AF Powell, Alfred M., Jr. Weng, Fuzhong TI Introduction to special section on Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership satellite calibration, validation, and applications SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Powell, Alfred M., Jr.; Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Weng, FZ (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 5830 Univ Res Court,Room 2800, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM fuzhong.weng@noaa.gov RI Powell, Alfred/G-4059-2010; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Powell, Alfred/0000-0002-9289-8369; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 21 BP 12216 EP 12217 DI 10.1002/2013JD020858 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 302NS UT WOS:000330611800023 ER PT J AU Lee, BH Wood, EC Herndon, SC Lefer, BL Luke, WT Brune, WH Nelson, DD Zahniser, MS Munger, JW AF Lee, B. H. Wood, E. C. Herndon, S. C. Lefer, B. L. Luke, W. T. Brune, W. H. Nelson, D. D. Zahniser, M. S. Munger, J. W. TI Urban measurements of atmospheric nitrous acid: A caveat on the interpretation of the HONO photostationary state SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; NEW-YORK-CITY; HUMIC-ACID; NO2; OH; PHOTOLYSIS; CONVERSION; CHEMISTRY; DIOXIDE; HOUSTON AB Numerous studies infer the existence of an "unknown" daytime HONO source based on the assumption that HONO is at photostationary state (PSS). Secondary HONO production rate as high as 1.1 ppb hr(-1) can be estimated from this approach, based on measurements made during the Study of Houston Atmospheric Radical Precursors campaign in May of 2009. We argue, however, that the PSS assumption might not have been valid because the transport time from nearby NOx emission sources to the measurement site was likely less than the time required for HONO in vehicle exhaust to reach PSS. Using a chemical box model, we demonstrate that there is initially net HONO formation as high levels of NO in exhaust react with ambient OH. Net production is followed by a period of net HONO loss dominated by photolysis that is sustained for several minutes to hours depending on time of day. The presence of relatively fresh exhaust in sampled air can partially, if not fully, account for the observed measurement PSS discrepancy. We also show that a large fraction of the observed nighttime increase in HONO/NOx ratio is explained by NO2 oxidation. These results do not rule out the existence of an unexplained secondary HONO source but suggest that great care must be exercised when applying the PSS method to quantify its strength. C1 [Lee, B. H.; Munger, J. W.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wood, E. C.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Publ Hlth, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Wood, E. C.; Herndon, S. C.; Nelson, D. D.; Zahniser, M. S.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Ctr Atmospher & Environm Chem, Billerica, MA USA. [Lefer, B. L.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Luke, W. T.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Brune, W. H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Lee, BH (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM benhlee@u.washington.edu RI Lee, Ben/G-7007-2014; Luke, Winston/D-1594-2016; Munger, J/H-4502-2013 OI Lee, Ben/0000-0002-5057-2168; Luke, Winston/0000-0002-1993-2241; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-0813617, 0814202]; Houston Advanced Research Center grant [H113] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge all of the participants of the SHARP campaign. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (Awards AGS-0813617 and 0814202). Additional funding for the SHARP campaign was provided by the Houston Advanced Research Center grant H113. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 37 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 21 BP 12274 EP 12281 DI 10.1002/2013JD020341 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 302NS UT WOS:000330611800028 ER PT J AU Frankcombe, LM Spence, P Hogg, AM England, MH Griffies, SM AF Frankcombe, Leela M. Spence, Paul Hogg, Andrew McC. England, Matthew H. Griffies, Stephen M. TI Sea level changes forced by Southern Ocean winds SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE sea level; Southern Ocean; Southern Annular Mode; regional sea level ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; MODEL; CIRCULATION AB On regional scales, changes in sea level are significantly affected by local dynamical changes. Westerly winds over the Southern Ocean have been strengthening and shifting southward in recent decades, and this change is projected to continue in the future. This study applies wind forcing anomalies to an eddy-permitting ocean model to study the dynamical response to a Southern Hemisphere westerly wind increase and/or southward shift. It is shown that the applied wind anomalies result in a change in sea surface slope across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current such that a fall in sea level occurs around the Antarctic continental margin. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current transport and regional sea level are particularly sensitive to latitudinal shifts in the wind, with a much more muted response found when only wind strengthening is applied. In addition to the local sea level changes, Southern Ocean winds also have a global effect through changing ocean heat content and the global overturning circulation. C1 [Frankcombe, Leela M.; Spence, Paul; England, Matthew H.] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Hogg, Andrew McC.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Griffies, Stephen M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Frankcombe, LM (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Level 4 Mathews Bldg, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM l.frankcombe@unsw.edu.au RI Hogg, Andy/A-7553-2011; England, Matthew/A-7539-2011; Frankcombe, Leela/C-7003-2012 OI Hogg, Andy/0000-0001-5898-7635; England, Matthew/0000-0001-9696-2930; Frankcombe, Leela/0000-0001-6578-3200 FU Australian Research Council; ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science; Merit Allocation Scheme on the NCI National Facility at the ANU FX We thank W. Anderson, T. Delworth, and M. Winton at GFDL for support during this project, H.-C. Lee and W. Anderson for help running the interannual CORE simulation, and M. Ward for help running the perturbed NYF simulations. This work was supported by the Australian Research Council, including the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, and an award under the Merit Allocation Scheme on the NCI National Facility at the ANU. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 21 BP 5710 EP 5715 DI 10.1002/2013GL058104 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 263LT UT WOS:000327810800027 ER PT J AU Bedner, M Lippa, KA Tai, SSC AF Bedner, Mary Lippa, Katrice A. Tai, Susan S. -C. TI An assessment of 25-hydroxyvitamin D measurements in comparability studies conducted by the Vitamin D Metabolites Quality Assurance Program SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE 25-Hydroxyvitamin D; Interlaboratory comparison; Quality assurance; Immunoassay; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN SERUM; D ASSAYS; C-3 EPIMERS; INFANTS; D-3; ACCURACY; STANDARD; ADULTS AB Background: The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements, established the first accuracy-based program for improving the comparability of vitamin D metabolite measurements, the Vitamin D Metabolites Quality Assurance Program. Methods: The study samples were human serum or plasma Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) with 25-hydroxyvitamin D values that were determined at NIST. Participants evaluated the materials using immunoassay (IA), liquid chromatography (LC) with mass spectrometric detection, and LC with ultraviolet absorbance detection. NISI' evaluated the results for concordance within the participant community as well as trueness relative to the NIST value. Results: For the study materials that contain mostly 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 (25(OH)D3),the coefficient of variation (CV) for the participant results was consistently in the range from 7% to 19%, and the median values were biased high relative to the NIST values. However, for materials that contain significant concentrations of both 25-hydroxyvitamin 1)2 (25(OH)D-2) and 25(OH)D-3, the median IA results were biased lower than both the LC and the NIST values, and the CV was as high as 28%. The first interlaboratory comparison results for SRM 972a Vitamin D Metabolites in Human Serum are also reported. Conclusions: Relatively large within-lab and between-lab variability hinders conclusive assessments of bias and accuracy. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bedner, Mary; Lippa, Katrice A.; Tai, Susan S. -C.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bedner, M (reprint author), NIST, VitDQAP, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vitdqap@nist.gov FU NIH-ODS FX Partial funding for this work was provided by the NIH-ODS. The authors acknowledge Joseph M. Betz and Mary Frances Picciano of NIH-ODS for recognizing the need for measurement comparability and for establishing the VitDQAP in collaboration with NIST. This manuscript is dedicated to the memory of Mary Frances Picciano. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 EI 1873-3492 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 426 BP 6 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.cca.2013.08.012 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 277HG UT WOS:000328809000002 PM 23978484 ER PT J AU Stewart, JR Boehm, AB Dubinsky, EA Fong, TT Goodwin, KD Griffith, JF Noble, RT Shanks, OC Vijayavel, K Weisberg, SB AF Stewart, Jill R. Boehm, Alexandria B. Dubinsky, Eric A. Fong, Theng-Theng Goodwin, Kelly D. Griffith, John F. Noble, Rachel T. Shanks, Orin C. Vijayavel, Kannappan Weisberg, Stephen B. TI Recommendations following a multi-laboratory comparison of microbial source tracking methods SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Microbial source tracking; qPCR; Water quality; Coliform ID BACTEROIDALES GENETIC-MARKERS; BOVINE FECAL POLLUTION; TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR; REAL-TIME; WATER-QUALITY; FRESH-WATER; RECREATIONAL WATER; ASSAYS; PERFORMANCE; RNA AB Microbial source tracking (MST) methods were evaluated in the Source Identification Protocol Project (SIPP), in which 27 laboratories compared methods to identify host sources of fecal pollution from blinded water samples containing either one or two different fecal types collected from California. This paper details lessons learned from the SIPP study and makes recommendations to further advance the field of MST. Overall, results from the SIPP study demonstrated that methods are available that can correctly identify whether particular host sources including humans, cows and birds have contributed to contamination in a body of water. However, differences between laboratory protocols and data processing affected results and complicated interpretation of MST method performance in some cases. This was an issue particularly for samples that tested positive (non-zero C-t values) but below the limits of quantification or detection of a PCR assay. Although false positives were observed, such samples in the SIPP study often contained the fecal pollution source that was being targeted, i.e., the samples were true positives. Given these results, and the fact that MST often requires detection of targets present in low concentrations, we propose that such samples be reported and identified in a unique category to facilitate data analysis and method comparisons. Important data can be lost when such samples are simply reported as positive or negative. Actionable thresholds were not derived in the SIPP study due to limitations that included geographic scope, age of samples, and difficulties interpreting low concentrations of target in environmental samples. Nevertheless, the results of the study support the use of MST for water management, especially to prioritize impaired waters in need of remediation. Future integration of MST data into quantitative microbial risk assessments and other models could allow managers to more efficiently protect public health based on site conditions. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stewart, Jill R.; Noble, Rachel T.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Boehm, Alexandria B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Dubinsky, Eric A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fong, Theng-Theng] Clancy Environm Consultants, Tetra Tech Co, St Albans, VT 05478 USA. [Goodwin, Kelly D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Griffith, John F.; Weisberg, Stephen B.] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. [Noble, Rachel T.] Univ N Carolina, UNC Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Shanks, Orin C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Vijayavel, Kannappan] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Vijayavel, Kannappan] Ottawa Cty Hlth Dept, Div Environm Hlth, Holland, MI 49424 USA. RP Stewart, JR (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, 1301 Michael Hooker Res Ctr,135 Dauer Dr,Campus B, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM jill.stewart@unc.edu; aboehm@stanford.edu; eadubinsky@lbl.gov; ttfong@gmail.com; kelly.goodwin@noaa.gov; johng@sccwrp.org; rtnoble@email.unc.edu; shanks.orin@epamail.epa.gov; vijayavelkannappan@gmail.com; stevew@sccwrp.org RI Goodwin, Kelly/B-4985-2014; Dubinsky, Eric/D-3787-2015; Weisberg, Stephen/B-2477-2008 OI Goodwin, Kelly/0000-0001-9583-8073; Dubinsky, Eric/0000-0002-9420-6661; Weisberg, Stephen/0000-0002-0655-9425 FU California State Water Resources Control Board FX Funding for this project has been provided in part through an agreement with the California State Water Resources Control Board. The contents of this document do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the California State Water Resources Control Board, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 62 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 51 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 18 BP 6829 EP 6838 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2013.04.063 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 272EV UT WOS:000328444000003 PM 23891204 ER PT J AU Ebentier, DL Hanley, KT Cao, YP Badgley, BD Boehm, AB Ervin, JS Goodwin, KD Gourmelon, M Griffith, JF Holden, PA Kelty, CA Lozach, S McGee, C Peed, LA Raith, M Ryu, H Sadowsky, MJ Scott, EA Domingo, JS Schriewer, A Sinigalliano, CD Shanks, OC Van De Werfhorst, LC Wang, D Wuertz, S Jay, JA AF Ebentier, Darcy L. Hanley, Kaitlyn T. Cao, Yiping Badgley, Brian D. Boehm, Alexandria B. Ervin, Jared S. Goodwin, Kelly D. Gourmelon, Michele Griffith, John F. Holden, Patricia A. Kelty, Catherine A. Lozach, Solen McGee, Charles Peed, Lindsay A. Raith, Meredith Ryu, Hodon Sadowsky, Michael J. Scott, Elizabeth A. Domingo, Jorge Santo Schriewer, Alexander Sinigalliano, Christopher D. Shanks, Orin C. Van De Werfhorst, Laurie C. Wang, Dan Wuertz, Stefan Jay, Jennifer A. TI Evaluation of the repeatability and reproducibility of a suite of qPCR-based microbial source tracking methods SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Microbial source tracking; qPCR; Repeatability; Reproducibility; Fecal pollution ID BACTEROIDALES GENETIC-MARKERS; FECAL POLLUTION; MEASURING ENTEROCOCCUS; PERFORMANCE; QUANTIFICATION; ENUMERATION; PROTOCOLS AB Many PCR-based methods for microbial source tracking (MST) have been developed and validated within individual research laboratories. Inter-laboratory validation of these methods, however, has been minimal, and the effects of protocol standardization regimes have not been thoroughly evaluated. Knowledge of factors influencing PCR in different laboratories is vital to future technology transfer for use of MST methods as a tool for water quality management. In this study, a blinded set of 64 filters (containing 32 duplicate samples generated from 12 composite fecal sources) were analyzed by three to five core laboratories with a suite of PCR-based methods utilizing standardized reagents and protocols. Repeatability (intra-laboratory variability) and reproducibility (inter-laboratory variability) of observed results were assessed. When standardized methodologies were used, intra- and inter-laboratory %CVs were generally low (median %CV 0.1-3.3% and 1.9-7.1%, respectively) and comparable to those observed in similar inter-laboratory validation studies performed on other methods of quantifying fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in environmental samples. ANOVA of %CV values found three human-associated methods (BsteriF1, BacHum, and HF183Taqman) to be similarly reproducible ( p > 0.05) and significantly more reproducible (p < 0.05) than HumM2. This was attributed to the increased variability associated with low target concentrations detected by HumM2 (approximately 1-2 log(20)copies/filter lower) compared to other human-associated methods. Cow-associated methods (BacCow and CowM2) were similarly reproducible ( p > 0.05). When using standardized protocols, variance component analysis indicated sample type (fecal source and concentration) to be the major contributor to total variability with that from replicate filters and inter-laboratory analysis to be within the same order of magnitude but larger than inherent intra-laboratory variability. However, when reagents and protocols were not standardized, inter-laboratory %CV generally increased with a corresponding decline in reproducibility. Overall, these findings verify the repeatability and reproducibility of these MST methods and highlight the need for standardization of protocols and consumables prior to implementation of larger scale MST studies involving multiple laboratories. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ebentier, Darcy L.; Hanley, Kaitlyn T.; Jay, Jennifer A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Hanley, Kaitlyn T.; Schriewer, Alexander; Wuertz, Stefan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cao, Yiping; Griffith, John F.; Raith, Meredith; Scott, Elizabeth A.] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project Author, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. [Badgley, Brian D.; Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Badgley, Brian D.; Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Boehm, Alexandria B.; Wang, Dan] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ervin, Jared S.; Holden, Patricia A.; Van De Werfhorst, Laurie C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Ervin, Jared S.; Holden, Patricia A.; Van De Werfhorst, Laurie C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Goodwin, Kelly D.; Sinigalliano, Christopher D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Gourmelon, Michele; Lozach, Solen] IFREMER, ZI Pointe Diable, Unite Environm Microbiol & Phycotoxines, Dept Ressources Biol & Environm,MIC LNR,Lab Micro, Plouzane, France. [Kelty, Catherine A.; Peed, Lindsay A.; Ryu, Hodon; Domingo, Jorge Santo; Shanks, Orin C.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [McGee, Charles] Orange Cty Sanitat Dist, Fountain Valley, CA 92708 USA. [Wuertz, Stefan] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Singapore Ctr Environm Life Sci Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Wuertz, Stefan] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. RP Jay, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 5732 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jjay@seas.ucla.edu RI Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014; Goodwin, Kelly/B-4985-2014; Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016; Wang, Dan/D-3927-2017 OI Hanley, Kaitlyn/0000-0002-8252-4689; Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X; Goodwin, Kelly/0000-0001-9583-8073; Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781; FU California State Water Resources Control Board FX We would like to acknowledge all participants in the Source Identification Protocol Project (SIPP) study. Funding for this project has been provided in part through an agreement with the California State Water Resources Control Board. The contents of this document do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the California State Water Resources Control Board, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 53 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 18 BP 6839 EP 6848 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2013.01.060 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 272EV UT WOS:000328444000004 PM 23911226 ER PT J AU Sinigalliano, CD Ervin, JS Van De Werfhorst, LC Badgley, BD Balleste, E Bartkowiak, J Boehm, AB Byappanahalli, M Goodwin, KD Gourmelon, M Griffith, J Holden, PA Jay, J Layton, B Lee, C Lee, J Meijer, WG Noble, R Raith, M Ryu, H Sadowsky, MJ Schriewer, A Wang, D Wanless, D Whitman, R Wuertz, S Domingo, JWS AF Sinigalliano, Christopher D. Ervin, Jared S. Van De Werfhorst, Laurie C. Badgley, Brian D. Balleste, Elisenda Bartkowiak, Jakob Boehm, Alexandria B. Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara Goodwin, Kelly D. Gourmelon, Michele Griffith, John Holden, Patricia A. Jay, Jenny Layton, Blythe Lee, Cheonghoon Lee, Jiyoung Meijer, Wim G. Noble, Rachel Raith, Meredith Ryu, Hodon Sadowsky, Michael J. Schriewer, Alexander Wang, Dan Wanless, David Whitman, Richard Wuertz, Stefan Domingo, Jorge W. Santo TI Multi-laboratory evaluations of the performance of Catellicoccus marimammalium PCR assays developed to target gull fecal sources SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Quantitative PCR; Fecal indicator bacteria; Microbial source tracking; Catellicoccus marimammalium; Gulls; Water quality monitoring ID INDICATOR BACTERIA; LARUS-DELAWARENSIS; NONPOINT-SOURCE; WATER-QUALITY; LAKE-MICHIGAN; CANADA GOOSE; FECES; CONTAMINATION; BEACHES; ENTEROCOCCI AB Here we report results from a multi-laboratory (n = 11) evaluation of four different PCR methods targeting the 165 rRNA gene of Catellicoccus marimammalium originally developed to detect gull fecal contamination in coastal environments. The methods included a conventional end-point PCR method, a SYBR (R) Green qPCR method, and two TaqMan (R) qPCR methods. Different techniques for data normalization and analysis were tested. Data analysis methods had a pronounced impact on assay sensitivity and specificity calculations. Across-laboratory standardization of metrics including the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), target detected but not quantifiable (DNQ), and target not detected (ND) significantly improved results compared to results submitted by individual laboratories prior to definition standardization. The unit of measure used for data normalization also had a pronounced effect on measured assay performance. Data normalization to DNA mass improved quantitative method performance as compared to enterococcus normalization. The MST methods tested here were originally designed for gulls but were found in this study to also detect feces from other birds, particularly feces composited from pigeons. Sequencing efforts showed that some pigeon feces from California contained sequences similar to C. marimammalium found in gull feces. These data suggest that the prevalence, geographic scope, and ecology of C. marimammaliurn in host birds other than gulls require further investigation. This study represents an important first step in the multi-laboratory assessment of these methods and highlights the need to broaden and standardize additional evaluations, including environmentally relevant target concentrations in ambient waters from diverse geographic regions. Published by Elsevier C1 [Sinigalliano, Christopher D.; Bartkowiak, Jakob; Goodwin, Kelly D.; Wanless, David] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Ervin, Jared S.; Van De Werfhorst, Laurie C.; Holden, Patricia A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Ervin, Jared S.; Van De Werfhorst, Laurie C.; Holden, Patricia A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Badgley, Brian D.; Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Balleste, Elisenda; Meijer, Wim G.] Univ Coll Dublin, UCD Sch Biomol & Biomed Sci, Conway Inst, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Bartkowiak, Jakob; Wanless, David] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Boehm, Alexandria B.; Wang, Dan; Whitman, Richard] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN USA. [Gourmelon, Michele] IFREMER, ZI Pointe Diable, Unite Environm Microbiol & Phycotoxines, Dept Ressources Biol & Enuironm,MIC LNR,Lab Micro, Plouzane, France. [Griffith, John; Layton, Blythe; Raith, Meredith] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA USA. [Jay, Jenny] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Lee, Cheonghoon; Lee, Jiyoung] Ohio State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Lee, Jiyoung] Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Noble, Rachel] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC USA. [Ryu, Hodon; Domingo, Jorge W. Santo] US EPA, Microbial Contaminants Control Branch, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Schriewer, Alexander; Wuertz, Stefan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wuertz, Stefan] Nanyang Technol Univ, Singapore Ctr Environm Life Sci Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Badgley, Brian D.] Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Sinigalliano, CD (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM christopher.sinigalliano@noaa.gov RI Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014; Goodwin, Kelly/B-4985-2014; Balleste, Elisenda/C-1727-2013; Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016; Wang, Dan/D-3927-2017 OI Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X; Goodwin, Kelly/0000-0001-9583-8073; Balleste, Elisenda/0000-0003-2523-8464; Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781; FU California Water Resources Control Board; NSF [NSF 0CE0432368/0911373]; NIEHS [NIEHS P50ES12736]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Ocean Chemistry Division; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development; RARE program; U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Ocean Research Priorities Plan (ORPP); Irish EPA; National Research Council fellowship FX This study was primarily funded by a Clean Beach Initiative grant from the California Water Resources Control Board. It was also funded in part by Oceans and Human Health Center grants from NSF and NIEHS (NSF 0CE0432368/0911373 and NIEHS P50ES12736, respectively). Additional funding support and research collaboration was also provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Ocean Chemistry Division. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development and the RARE program, partially funded and collaborated in the research described herein. Research collaboration support and additional funding was also provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center. This work was funded in part by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Ocean Research Priorities Plan (ORPP). Portions of this work conducted at University College Dublin were funded in part by the Irish EPA under the STRIVE Programme. This work has been subjected to agency administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. EPA; therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. HR was funded via a National Research Council fellowship. This article is Contribution 1737 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 18 BP 6883 EP 6896 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2013.02.059 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 272EV UT WOS:000328444000008 PM 23916157 ER PT J AU Layton, BA Cao, YP Ebentier, DL Hanley, K Balleste, E Brandao, J Byappanahalli, M Converse, R Farnleitner, AH Gentry-Shields, J Gidley, ML Gourmelon, M Lee, CS Lee, J Lozach, S Madi, T Meijer, WG Noble, R Peed, L Reischer, GH Rodrigues, R Rose, JB Schriewer, A Sinigalliano, C Srinivasan, S Stewart, J Van De Werfhorst, LC Wang, D Whitman, R Wuertz, S Jay, J Holden, PA Boehm, AB Shanks, O Griffith, JF AF Layton, Blythe A. Cao, Yiping Ebentier, Darcy L. Hanley, Kaitlyn Balleste, Elisenda Brandao, Joao Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara Converse, Reagan Farnleitner, Andreas H. Gentry-Shields, Jennifer Gidley, Maribeth L. Gourmelon, Michele Lee, Chang Soo Lee, Jiyoung Lozach, Solen Madi, Tania Meijer, Wim G. Noble, Rachel Peed, Lindsay Reischer, Georg H. Rodrigues, Raquel Rose, Joan B. Schriewer, Alexander Sinigalliano, Chris Srinivasan, Sangeetha Stewart, Jill Van De Werfhorst, Laurie C. Wang, Dan Whitman, Richard Wuertz, Stefan Jay, Jenny Holden, Patricia A. Boehm, Alexandria B. Shanks, Orin Griffith, John F. TI Performance of human fecal anaerobe-associated PCR-based assays in a multi-laboratory method evaluation study SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Microbial source tracking; qPCR; Water quality; Bacteroides; Bacteroidales ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; REAL-TIME PCR; QUANTITATIVE PCR; GENETIC-MARKERS; SEWAGE POLLUTION; FRESH-WATER; BACTEROIDALES; INDICATOR; CONTAMINATION; TRACKING AB A number of PCR-based methods for detecting human fecal material in environmental waters have been developed over the past decade, but these methods have rarely received independent comparative testing in large multi-laboratory studies. Here, we evaluated ten of these methods (BacH, BacHum-UCD, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (BtH), BsteriF1, gyrB, HF183 endpoint, HF183 SYBR, HF183 Taqman (R), HumM2, and Methanobrevibacter smithii nifH (Mnif)) using 64 blind samples prepared in one laboratory. The blind samples contained either one or two fecal sources from human, wastewater or non-human sources. The assay results were assessed for presence/absence of the human markers and also quantitatively while varying the following: 1) classification of samples that were detected but not quantifiable (DNQ) as positive or negative; 2) reference fecal sample concentration unit of measure (such as culturable indicator bacteria, wet mass, total DNA, etc); and 3) human fecal source type (stool, sewage or septage). Assay performance using presence/absence metrics was found to depend on the classification of DNQ samples. The assays that performed best quantitatively varied based on the fecal concentration unit of measure and laboratory protocol. All methods were consistently more sensitive to human stools compared to sewage or septage in both the presence/absence and quantitative analysis. Overall, HF183 Taqman (R) was found to be the most effective marker of human fecal contamination in this California-based study. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Layton, Blythe A.; Cao, Yiping; Griffith, John F.] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. [Ebentier, Darcy L.; Hanley, Kaitlyn; Jay, Jenny] UCLA Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Balleste, Elisenda; Meijer, Wim G.] Univ Coll Dublin, UCD Sch Biomol & Biomed Sci, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Brandao, Joao; Rodrigues, Raquel] Inst Nacl Saude, P-1649016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara; Whitman, Richard] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. [Converse, Reagan; Noble, Rachel] UNC Chapel Hill Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Converse, Reagan] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Farnleitner, Andreas H.; Reischer, Georg H.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Chem Engn, Interuniv Cooperat Ctr Water & Hlth, Environm Microbiol & Mol Ecol Grp, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. [Gentry-Shields, Jennifer; Stewart, Jill] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Gidley, Maribeth L.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Gourmelon, Michele; Lozach, Solen] IFREMER, ZI Pointe Diable, Unite Environm Microbiol & Phycotoxines, Dept Ressources Biol & Environm,MIC LNR,Lab Micro, Plouzane, France. [Lee, Chang Soo; Lee, Jiyoung] Ohio State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Madi, Tania] Source Mol Corp, Miami, FL 33155 USA. [Peed, Lindsay; Shanks, Orin] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Rose, Joan B.; Srinivasan, Sangeetha] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Schriewer, Alexander; Wuertz, Stefan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sinigalliano, Chris] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Van De Werfhorst, Laurie C.; Holden, Patricia A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Van De Werfhorst, Laurie C.; Holden, Patricia A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Wang, Dan; Boehm, Alexandria B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Wuertz, Stefan] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Biol Sci SBS B1N 27, Singapore Ctr Environm Life Sci Engn, Singapore 637551, Singapore. [Wuertz, Stefan] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Singapore 637551, Singapore. RP Griffith, JF (reprint author), Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd Ste 110, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. EM johng@sccwrp.org RI Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014; gidley, maribeth/B-8335-2014; Balleste, Elisenda/C-1727-2013; Brandao, Joao/H-8795-2016; Wang, Dan/D-3927-2017 OI Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X; gidley, maribeth/0000-0001-9583-8073; Balleste, Elisenda/0000-0003-2523-8464; Hanley, Kaitlyn/0000-0002-8252-4689; Farnleitner, Andreas/0000-0002-0542-5425; Brandao, Joao/0000-0001-7553-227X; FU Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P22309-820]; DK-plus [W1219-N22]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA04OAR4600199]; California State Water Resources Control Board FX The authors are deeply grateful to Meredith Raith for her vital contribution to sample creation, data generation and data analysis. Steve Weisberg and Chuck Hagedorn helped develop the manuscript. We also greatly appreciate the students and staff of all labs that participated in the SIPP method evaluation study. Work in the Famleitner Lab was funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) projects # P22309-820 and DK-plus #W1219-N22. Work in the Rose Lab was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NA04OAR4600199). Funding for the method evaluation study was through a Clean Beach Initiative Grant from the California State Water Resources Control Board. This article is Contribution 1758 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 64 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 18 BP 6897 EP 6908 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2013.05.060 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 272EV UT WOS:000328444000009 PM 23992621 ER PT J AU Schriewer, A Goodwin, KD Sinigalliano, CD Cox, AM Wanless, D Bartkowiak, J Ebentier, DL Hanley, KT Ervin, J Deering, LA Shanks, OC Peed, LA Meijer, WG Griffith, JF SantoDomingo, J Jay, JA Holden, PA Wuertz, S AF Schriewer, Alexander Goodwin, Kelly D. Sinigalliano, Christopher D. Cox, Annie M. Wanless, David Bartkowiak, Jakob Ebentier, Darcy L. Hanley, Kaitlyn T. Ervin, Jared Deering, Louise A. Shanks, Orin C. Peed, Lindsay A. Meijer, Wim G. Griffith, John F. SantoDomingo, Jorge Jay, Jennifer A. Holden, Patricia A. Wuertz, Stefan TI Performance evaluation of canine-associated Bacteroidales assays in a multi-laboratory comparison study SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Quantitative PCR; Microbial source tracking; Bacteroidales; Canine fecal pollution ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; FECAL SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; GENETIC-MARKERS; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; WATER-QUALITY; POLLUTION; DOGS; BACTERIA; ANIMALS; SAMPLES AB The contribution of fecal pollution from dogs in urbanized areas can be significant and is an often underestimated problem. Microbial source tracking methods (MST) utilizing quantitative PCR of dog-associated gene sequences encoding 16S rRNA of Bacteroidales are a useful tool to estimate these contributions. However, data about the performance of available assays are scarce. The results of a multi-laboratory study testing two assays for the determination of dog-associated Bacteroidales (DogBact and BacCan-UCD) on 64 single and mixed fecal source samples created from pooled fecal samples collected in California are presented here. Standardization of qPCR data treatment lowered inter-laboratory variability of sensitivity and specificity results. Both assays exhibited 100% sensitivity. Normalization methods are presented that eliminated random and confirmed non-target responses. The combination of standardized qPCR data treatment, use of normalization via a non-target specific Bacteroidales assay (GenBac3), and application of threshold criteria improved the calculated specificity significantly for both assays. Such measures would reasonably improve MST data interpretation not only for canine-associated assays, but for all qPCR assays used in identifying and monitoring fecal pollution in the environment. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schriewer, Alexander; Hanley, Kaitlyn T.; Wuertz, Stefan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Goodwin, Kelly D.; Sinigalliano, Christopher D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Cox, Annie M.] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Wanless, David; Bartkowiak, Jakob] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Ebentier, Darcy L.; Hanley, Kaitlyn T.; Jay, Jennifer A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Ervin, Jared; Holden, Patricia A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Ervin, Jared; Holden, Patricia A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Deering, Louise A.; Meijer, Wim G.] Univ Coll Dublin, UCD Sch Biomol & Biomed Sci, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Shanks, Orin C.; Peed, Lindsay A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Griffith, John F.] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA USA. [SantoDomingo, Jorge] US EPA, Microbial Contaminants Control Branch, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Wuertz, Stefan] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Singapore Ctr Environm Life Sci Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Wuertz, Stefan] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. RP Wuertz, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM swuertz@ucdavis.edu RI Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014; Goodwin, Kelly/B-4985-2014; OI Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X; Goodwin, Kelly/0000-0001-9583-8073; Hanley, Kaitlyn/0000-0002-8252-4689 FU California Water Resources Control Board; NSF [NSF 0CE0432368/0911373]; NIEHS [NIEHS P50 ES12736]; Division of Environmental Analysis of the California Department for Transportation [43A0259] FX This study was primarily funded by a Clean Beach Initiative grant from the California Water Resources Control Board. It was also supported in part by Oceans and Human Health Center grants from NSF and NIEHS (NSF 0CE0432368/0911373 and NIEHS P50 ES12736, respectively). Work in the Wuertz laboratory was funded by the Division of Environmental Analysis of the California Department for Transportation contract no. 43A0259. Information has been subjected to the U.S. EPA Agency's peer and administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official positions and policies of the U.S. EPA. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 18 BP 6909 EP 6920 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2013.03.062 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 272EV UT WOS:000328444000010 PM 23916711 ER PT J AU Uyaguari, MI Scott, GI Norman, RS AF Uyaguari, Miguel I. Scott, Geoffrey I. Norman, R. Sean TI Abundance of class 1-3 integrons in South Carolina estuarine ecosystems under high and low levels of anthropogenic influence SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Integrons; Integrase; Antibiotic resistance; Urbanization; Wastewater treatment ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE GENES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION; TREATMENT PLANTS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; BACTERIA; PREVALENCE; CASSETTE AB The impact of human activity on the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria throughout coastal estuarine ecosystems is not well characterized. It has been suggested that laterally transferred genetic agents, such as integrons, play a role in the spread of resistant bacteria throughout ecosystems. This study compares the distribution of three integron classes throughout a coastal estuarine ecosystem. To determine integron distribution patterns, DNA was extracted from sediment and water collected at seven sites throughout two estuaries with different levels of anthropogenic input and integrons analyzed using quantitative PCR. The data show that while all three integron classes are present, the relative abundance is different, with class 2 integrons significantly elevated in areas of high anthropogenic input and class I integrons elevated in areas of low input. Our results provide a foundation for using integron gene distribution as a biomarker of urban impact on antibiotic resistance gene flow and ecosystem health. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Uyaguari, Miguel I.; Scott, Geoffrey I.; Norman, R. Sean] Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Scott, Geoffrey I.] Natl Ocean Serv, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Norman, RS (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 921 Assembly St,Suite 401, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM rsnorman@sc.edu OI Norman, Sean/0000-0003-4766-4376 FU South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium; Slocum-Lunz Grant [21600-KA43]; Arnold Fellowship (USC, School of Public Health); Arnold School of Public Health Seed grant FX This work was supported by the South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium and a Slocum-Lunz Grant No. 21600-KA43. Academic support and scholarship for MIU was granted by an Arnold Fellowship (USC, School of Public Health). Arnold School of Public Health Seed grant was provided for RSN. NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 76 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.09.027 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 266EI UT WOS:000328005800023 PM 24095050 ER PT J AU Christopher, SJ Thompson, RQ AF Christopher, Steven J. Thompson, Robert Q. TI Determination of trace level cadmium in SRM 3280 Multivitamin/Multielement Tablets via isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE Cadmium; Dietary supplement; SF-ICP-MS; Thiourea; Solid phase extraction; ICP-MS ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; ID-ICP-MS; LEAD; CERTIFICATION; SAMPLES; MOLYBDENUM; SEPARATION; COPPER AB Cadmium was quantified at 80.15 +/- 0.86 ng/g (mean +/- 95% expanded uncertainty) in NIST SRM 3280 Multivitamin/Multielement Tablets, using isotope dilution mass spectrometry. The method described utilized various precipitation and solid-phase extraction separation methodologies to isolate Cd from Sn and Mo, present respectively, at 11.1 +/- 0.9 mg/kg and 70.7 +/- 4.5 mg/kg in the tablet matrix. This allowed for measurement of Cd-111/Cd-113 and Cd-111/Cd-114 isotope ratios using both quadrupole collision cell technology inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-CCT-ICP-MS) and sector field (SF)-ICP-MS equipped with a desolvating nebulizer system to mitigate the MoO+ and MoOH+ molecular ion interferences that typically affect the envelope of Cd isotopes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Christopher, Steven J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Thompson, Robert Q.] Oberlin Coll, Dept Chem & Biochem, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. RP Christopher, SJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM steven.christopher@nist.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 EI 1873-3573 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 116 BP 18 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.04.068 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 268MW UT WOS:000328176000004 PM 24148367 ER PT J AU Bonnet, JY Thissen, R Frisari, M Vuitton, V Quirico, E Orthous-Daunay, FR Dutuit, O Le Roy, L Fray, N Cottin, H Horst, SM Yelle, RV AF Bonnet, Jean-Yves Thissen, Roland Frisari, Maeliss Vuitton, Veronique Quirico, Eric Orthous-Daunay, Francois-Regis Dutuit, Odile Le Roy, Lena Fray, Nicolas Cottin, Herve Hoerst, Sarah M. Yelle, Roger V. TI Compositional and structural investigation of HCN polymer through high resolution mass spectrometry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE HCN polymers; Composition; Structure; Mass spectrometry; MS/MS ID HYDROGEN-CYANIDE POLYMERS; N-15 NMR; THOLINS; COMETS; TITAN; ORIGIN; HETEROPOLYPEPTIDES; ATMOSPHERE; WATER AB Nitrogen rich compounds are found in numerous planetary environments such as planetary atmospheres, meteorites and comets. To better understand the structure and composition of this natural organic material, laboratory analogs have been studied. Though HCN polymers have been studied since the beginning of the 19th century, their structure and composition are still poorly understood. In this work we report the first extended high resolution mass spectrometry study of HCN polymers. The mass spectra of the polymer contain hundreds of peaks to which we try to assign an elemental composition. Elemental analysis has been used to constrain the molecular formulae and isotopic signatures have also been used to confirm them. The large quantity of amine functions observed with both infrared (IR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry indicates that amine groups are present in most chains found in HCN polymer. Collision induced dissociation (CID) tandem (MSn) measurements were also performed on eight molecular ions and aromatic rings have been identified. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bonnet, Jean-Yves; Thissen, Roland; Frisari, Maeliss; Vuitton, Veronique; Quirico, Eric; Orthous-Daunay, Francois-Regis; Dutuit, Odile] UJF Grenoble 1, CNRS INSU, Inst Planetol & Astrophys Grenoble, UMR 5274, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Le Roy, Lena; Fray, Nicolas; Cottin, Herve] Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, UMR 7583, Creteil, France. [Le Roy, Lena; Fray, Nicolas; Cottin, Herve] Univ Paris Diderot, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Creteil, France. [Dutuit, Odile] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Hoerst, Sarah M.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yelle, Roger V.] Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Thissen, R (reprint author), UJF Grenoble 1, CNRS INSU, Inst Planetol & Astrophys Grenoble, UMR 5274, F-38041 Grenoble, France. EM roland.thissen@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr RI Cottin, Herve/H-5654-2013; Horst, Sarah/A-9906-2010; quirico, eric/K-9650-2013 OI Cottin, Herve/0000-0001-9170-5265; Horst, Sarah/0000-0003-4596-0702; quirico, eric/0000-0003-2768-0694 FU Rhone-Alpes Region [ANR-07-BLAN-0123]; CNES Astrobiology/Exobiology; CNRS program Origines Planetes Vie (OPV); European Commission [231013]; CNES/Region Centre; NSF [AST-1102827]; NASA [NNX09AB586]; NASA Astrobiology Institute [1372177] FX This work was supported by ANR-07-BLAN-0123, Cible 2007 of Rhone-Alpes Region, CNES Astrobiology/Exobiology, and the CNRS program Origines Planetes Vie (OPV). Veronique Vuitton is grateful to the European Commission for the Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant No. 231013. Lena Le Roy is the recipient of a CNES/Region Centre grant for her PhD work. Sarah M. Horst is supported by a NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship AST-1102827. Sarah M. Horst and Roger V. Yelle are supported by a NASA Planetary Atmospheres Grant NNX09AB586 and JPL subcontract 1372177 under the NASA Astrobiology Institute. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 EI 1873-2798 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 354 SI SI BP 193 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2013.06.015 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 263LK UT WOS:000327809900028 ER PT J AU Rousselet, E Levin, M Gebhard, E Higgins, BM DeGuise, S Godard-Codding, CAJ AF Rousselet, Estelle Levin, Milton Gebhard, Erika Higgins, Benjamin M. DeGuise, Sylvain Godard-Codding, Celine A. J. TI Evaluation of immune functions in captive immature loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Caretta caretta; Lymphocyte proliferation; Mitogen; Natural killer; Phagocytosis; Respiratory burst; Sea turtle ID WHALES DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; KILLER-CELL-ACTIVITY; IN-VITRO EXPOSURE; HYPAQUE DISCONTINUOUS GRADIENTS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; CHELONIA-MYDAS; GREEN TURTLES; LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION; AVIAN HETEROPHILS; HEALTH PARAMETERS AB Sea turtles face numerous environmental challenges, such as exposure to chemical pollution and biotoxins, which may contribute to immune system impairment, resulting in increased disease susceptibility. Therefore, a more thorough assessment of the host's immune response and its susceptibility is needed for these threatened and endangered animals. In this study, the innate and acquired immune functions of sixty-five clinically healthy, immature, captive loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) were assayed using non-lethal blood sample collection. Functional immune assays were developed and/or optimized for this species, including mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation, natural killer (NK) cell activity, phagocytosis, and respiratory burst. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and phagocytes were isolated by density gradient centrifugation on Ficoll-Paque and discontinuous Percoll gradients, respectively. The T lymphocyte mitogens ConA significantly induced lymphocyte proliferation at 1 and 2 mu g/mL while PHA significantly induced lymphocyte proliferation at 5 and 10 mu g/mL. The B lymphocyte mitogen LPS significantly induced proliferation at 1 mu g/mL. Monocytes demonstrated higher phagocytic activity than eosinophils. In addition, monocytes exhibited respiratory burst. Natural killer cell activity was higher against YAC-1 than K-562 target cells. These optimized assays may help to evaluate the integrity of loggerhead sea turtle's immune system upon exposure to environmental contaminants, as well as part of a comprehensive health assessment and monitoring program. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rousselet, Estelle; Godard-Codding, Celine A. J.] Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX 79416 USA. [Levin, Milton; Gebhard, Erika; DeGuise, Sylvain] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Higgins, Benjamin M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Rousselet, E (reprint author), VetAgroSup Campus Vet Lyon, 1 Ave Bourgelat, F-69280 Marcy Letoile, France. EM estelle.rousselet@vetagro-sup.fr FU Rotary Foundation; Texas Tech University FX The staff at the NOAA Fisheries Service Galveston Sea Turtle Facility is gratefully acknowledged. The authors specially acknowledge Dr. Carol Norris (Flow Cytometry/Confocal Microscopy Facility of the Biotechnology/Bioservices Center, University of Connecticut) for her technical support. This project was performed under Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission MTP# 10-015-A, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service TE676379-4. Funding and logistic support for this project was provided by the Rotary Foundation and Texas Tech University. NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 EI 1873-2534 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 156 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.09.004 PG 11 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 260CL UT WOS:000327572500004 PM 24094689 ER PT J AU Chan, EP Young, AP Lee, JH Stafford, CM AF Chan, Edwin P. Young, Allison P. Lee, Jung-Hyun Stafford, Christopher M. TI Swelling of Ultrathin Molecular Layer-by-Layer Polyamide Water Desalination Membranes SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE membranes; networks; polyamides; swelling; thin films; X-ray ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; POLYMER NETWORKS; FILMS; PARAMETERS; DIFFUSION; GELS AB The water vapor swelling behavior of ultrathin crosslinked aromatic polyamide (PA) films, synthesized via molecular layer-by-layer deposition, is characterized via specular X-ray reflectivity. The results show that these films expand only along the thickness direction and their maximum swelling ratio can be controlled by the specific diamine monomer chemistry. By measuring the swelling ratio as a function of water activity, the Flory interaction parameter and monomers between crosslinks of these PAs are characterized using the Flory-Rehner and the Painter-Shenoy thermodynamic swelling models. Comparing the monomers between crosslink calculated from the swelling theories with values obtain from chemical analysis indicate that the PS model gives a more accurate description of the PA networks. This suggests that these low functionality but highly crosslinked networks swell via a combination of chain expansion and topological rearrangement. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1647-1655 C1 [Chan, Edwin P.; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Young, Allison P.] Univ New Haven, Dept Forens Sci & Chem, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. [Lee, Jung-Hyun] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Mat Architecturing, Seoul 136791, South Korea. RP Chan, EP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edwin.chan@nist.gov RI Lee, Jung-Hyun/H-1096-2011 FU NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship; KIST Institutional Program [2E23900] FX APY acknowledges the NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship for financial support. The authors thank Wen-Li Wu for insightful discussions. JHL acknowledges the support of the KIST Institutional Program (Project No. 2E23900). Official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 53 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 51 IS 22 BP 1647 EP 1655 DI 10.1002/polb.23380 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 244QW UT WOS:000326405400007 ER PT J AU Chen, J Pikuleva, IA Turko, IV AF Chen, Junjun Pikuleva, Irina A. Turko, Illarion V. TI Mass spectrometry quantification of PICALM and AP180 in human frontal cortex and neural retina SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE QconCAT; Multiple reaction monitoring; PICALM; AP180; Alzheimer disease; Neural retina ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; ABSOLUTE QUANTIFICATION; MACULAR DEGENERATION; INTERNAL STANDARD; PROTEINS; CLATHRIN; PROTEOMICS; ISOFORMS; PLASMA AB Recent genome-wide association studies have suggested that endocytic factors, such as phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM), may be implicated in the development of Alzheimer disease (AD). The cellular functions of PICALM are in line with this possibility: (i) PICALM is involved in regulation of amyloid-beta levels and (ii) PICALM is important for a presynaptic function, which is diminished in AD. To facilitate the analysis of PICALM, we developed a quantitative method to assess the expression level of PICALM in various biological samples. For this purpose, a stable isotope-labeled quantification concatamer (QconCAT) of PICALM was designed, expressed, purified, and characterized. The PICALM QconCAT was first used as an internal standard in a multiple reaction monitoring assay to measure PICALM concentrations in the human frontal cortex, a tissue strongly affected by AD. A second endocytic factor that is highly homologous to PICALM and also functions in clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin coat assembly protein AP180, was quantified as well. Because age-related macular degeneration shares several clinical and pathological features with AD, the measurements were then extended to human normal neural retina. Overall, the developed method is suitable for PICALM and AP180 quantitative analysis in various biological samples of interest. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Chen, Junjun; Turko, Illarion V.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Chen, Junjun; Turko, Illarion V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pikuleva, Irina A.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Turko, IV (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM iturko@umd.edu FU National Institutes of Health [EY018383]; Research to Prevent Blindness FX This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grant EY018383 (to I.A.P.). I.A.P. is a recipient of the Jules and Doris Stein Professorship from Research to Prevent Blindness. We thank Dr. S. Huang for the retinal assessments; Dr. R. Reem, Dr. S. Omarova, and Dr. N. Mast for the isolation of the retinal samples; and Dr. A. Szakal for helpful discussions and critical reviewing the manuscript. Certain commercial materials, instruments, and equipment are identified in this article to specify the experimental procedure as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the materials, instruments, or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 EI 1096-0309 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 442 IS 2 BP 253 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2013.08.005 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 239ZN UT WOS:000326064600020 PM 23954523 ER PT J AU Cohl, HS MacKenzie, C Volkmer, H AF Cohl, Howard S. MacKenzie, Connor Volkmer, Hans TI Generalizations of generating functions for hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials with definite integrals SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Orthogonal polynomials; Generating functions; Connection coefficients; Generalized hypergeometric functions; Eigenfunction expansions; Definite integrals AB We generalize generating functions for hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials, namely Jacobi, Gegenbauer, Laguerre, and Wilson polynomials. These generalizations of generating functions are accomplished through series rearrangement using connection relations with one free parameter for these orthogonal polynomials. We also use orthogonality relations to determine corresponding definite integrals. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Cohl, Howard S.; MacKenzie, Connor] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [MacKenzie, Connor] Westminster Coll, Dept Math, New Wilmington, PA 16172 USA. [Volkmer, Hans] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Cohl, HS (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM howard.cohl@nist.gov; mackcm22@wclive.westminster.edu; volkmer@uwm.edu FU Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship program at the National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work was conducted while H.S. Cohl was a National Research Council Research Postdoctoral Associate in the Applied and Computational Mathematics Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA. C. MacKenzie would like to thank the Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship program at the National Institute of Standards and Technology for financial support while this research was carried out. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-247X EI 1096-0813 J9 J MATH ANAL APPL JI J. Math. Anal. Appl. PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 407 IS 2 BP 211 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.jmaa.2013.04.067 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 184HL UT WOS:000321880600004 ER PT J AU Diercks, DR Gorman, BP Kirchhofer, R Sanford, N Bertness, K Brubaker, M AF Diercks, David R. Gorman, Brian P. Kirchhofer, Rita Sanford, Norman Bertness, Kris Brubaker, Matt TI Atom probe tomography evaporation behavior of C-axis GaN nanowires: Crystallographic, stoichiometric, and detection efficiency aspects SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-ION-MICROSCOPE; DOPANT DISTRIBUTION; SURFACE-DIFFUSION; DIRECTIONAL WALK; TUNGSTEN; RECONSTRUCTION; MORPHOLOGY; SPECIMENS; NITROGEN; SINGLE AB The field evaporation behavior of c-axis GaN nanowires was explored in two different laser-pulsed atom probe tomography (APT) instruments. Transmission electron microscopy imaging before and after atom probe tomography analysis was used to assist in reconstructing the data and assess the observed evaporation behavior. It was found that the ionic species exhibited preferential locations for evaporation related to the underlying crystal structure of the GaN and that the species which evaporated from these locations was dependent on the pulsed laser energy. Additionally, the overall stoichiometry measured by APT was significantly correlated with the energy of the laser pulses. At the lowest laser energies, the apparent composition was nitrogen-rich, while higher laser energies resulted in measurements of predominantly gallium compositions. The percent of ions detected (detection efficiency) for these specimens was found to be considerably below that shown for other materials, even for laser energies which produced the expected Ga:N ratio. The apparent stoichiometry variation and low detection efficiency appear to be a result of evaporation of Ga ions between laser pulses at the lowest laser energies and evaporation of neutral N-2 species at higher laser energies. All of these behaviors are tied to the formation of nitrogen-nitrogen bonds on the tip surface, which occurred under all analysis conditions. Similar field evaporation behaviors are therefore expected for other materials where the anionic species readily form a strong diatomic bond. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Diercks, David R.; Gorman, Brian P.; Kirchhofer, Rita] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Sanford, Norman; Bertness, Kris; Brubaker, Matt] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Diercks, DR (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ddiercks@mines.edu FU NSF [1040456] FX The atom probe instrument used in this research was supported under NSF Award No. 1040456. NR 54 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 14 PY 2013 VL 114 IS 18 AR 184903 DI 10.1063/1.4830023 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 255TB UT WOS:000327261800081 ER PT J AU Clark, NJ Zhang, HL Krueger, S Lee, HJ Ketchem, RR Kerwin, B Kanapuram, SR Treuheit, MJ McAuley, A Curtis, JE AF Clark, Nicholas J. Zhang, Hailiang Krueger, Susan Lee, Hyo Jin Ketchem, Randal R. Kerwin, Bruce Kanapuram, Sekhar R. Treuheit, Michael J. McAuley, Arnold Curtis, Joseph E. TI Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Study of a Monoclonal Antibody Using Free-Energy Constraints SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; ROTATIONAL FLEXIBILITY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CONTINUUM SOLVENT; FAB REGIONS; PROTEINS; IGG; ELECTROSTATICS AB Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) contain hinge-like regions that enable structural flexibility of globular domains that have a direct effect on biological function. A subclass of mAbs, IgG2, have several interchain disulfide bonds in the hinge region that could potentially limit structural flexibility of the globular domains and affect the overall configuration space available to the mAb. We have characterized human IgG2 mAb in solution via small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and interpreted the scattering data using atomistic models. Molecular Monte Carlo combined with molecular dynamics simulations of a model mAb indicate that a wide range of structural configurations are plausible, spanning radius of gyration values from similar to 39 to similar to 55 angstrom. Structural ensembles and representative single structure solutions were derived by comparison of theoretical SANS profiles of mAb models to experimental SANS data. Additionally, molecular mechanical and solvation free-energy calculations were carried out on the ensemble of best-fitting mAb structures. The results of this study indicate that low-resolution techniques like small-angle scattering combined with atomistic molecular simulations with free-energy analysis may be helpful to determine the types of intramolecular interactions that influence function and could lead to deleterious changes to mAb structure. This methodology will be useful to analyze small-angle scattering data of many macromolecular systems. C1 [Clark, Nicholas J.; Krueger, Susan; Curtis, Joseph E.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Hailiang] Univ Maryland, Inst Res & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lee, Hyo Jin; Kerwin, Bruce; Kanapuram, Sekhar R.; McAuley, Arnold] Amgen Inc, Dept Drug Prod Dev, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. [Ketchem, Randal R.; Treuheit, Michael J.] Amgen Inc, Therapeut Discovery, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. [Ketchem, Randal R.; Treuheit, Michael J.] Amgen Inc, Dept Drug Prod Dev, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. RP Curtis, JE (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.curtis@nist.gov FU American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program (NIST-ARRA) [70NANB10H026]; National Science Foundation [CHE-1265817] FX H.Z. acknowledges support from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program (NIST-ARRA) award 70NANB10H026 administered through the University of Maryland. This material is partially based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under CHE-1265817. NR 48 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 14 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 45 BP 14029 EP 14038 DI 10.1021/jp408710r PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 253TC UT WOS:000327111200010 PM 24171386 ER PT J AU Murray, N Krygier, M Edwards, M Wright, KC Campbell, GK Clark, CW AF Murray, Noel Krygier, Michael Edwards, Mark Wright, K. C. Campbell, G. K. Clark, Charles W. TI Probing the circulation of ring-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID WEAK LINKS AB This paper reports the results of a theoretical and experimental study of how the initial circulation of ring-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) can be probed by time-of-flight (TOF) images. We have studied the dynamics of a BEC after release from a toroidal trap potential by solving the three-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation. The trap and condensate characteristics matched those of a recent experiment. The circulation, experimentally imparted to the condensate by stirring, was simulated by imprinting a linear azimuthal phase on the initial condensate wave function. The simulated TOF images were in good agreement with the experimental data. We find that upon release the dynamics of the ring-shaped condensate proceeds in two distinct phases. First, the condensate expands rapidly inward, filling in the initial hole until it reaches a minimum radius that depends on the initial circulation. In the second phase, the density at the inner radius increases to a maximum after which the hole radius begins slowly to expand. During this second phase a series of concentric rings appears due to the interference of ingoing and outgoing matter waves from the inner radius. The results of the GP equation predict that the hole area is a quadratic function of the initial circulation when the condensate is released directly from the trap in which it was stirred and is a linear function of the circulation if the trap is relaxed before release. These scalings matched the data. Thus hole size after TOF can be used as a reliable probe of initial condensate circulation. This connection between circulation and hole size after TOF will facilitate future studies of atomtronic systems that are implemented in ultracold quantum gases. C1 [Murray, Noel; Krygier, Michael; Edwards, Mark] Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Wright, K. C.; Campbell, G. K.; Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wright, K. C.; Campbell, G. K.; Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Murray, N (reprint author), Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Campbell, Gretchen/E-8338-2010; Wright, Kevin/N-3207-2013; OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Campbell, Gretchen/0000-0003-2596-1919; Wright, Kevin/0000-0001-6202-1737; Edwards, Mark/0000-0002-3149-2402 FU Office of Naval Research; National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center [PHY-0822671, PHY-1068761]; Army Research Office Atomtronics MURI; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research, the National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center Grant No. PHY-0822671 and also by Grant No. PHY-1068761, Army Research Office Atomtronics MURI, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 13 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 5 AR 053615 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.88.053615 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 254DZ UT WOS:000327145900014 ER PT J AU Tsai, CC Bergeman, T Tiesinga, E Julienne, PS Heinzen, DJ AF Tsai, Chin-Chun Bergeman, T. Tiesinga, E. Julienne, P. S. Heinzen, D. J. TI Hyperfine and vibrational structure of weakly bound levels of the lowest 1(g) state of molecular Rb-87(2) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ALKALI-METAL DIMER; LONG-RANGE STATE; PHOTOASSOCIATION SPECTROSCOPY; ULTRACOLD MOLECULES; DISSOCIATION-ENERGY; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; RB-85 ATOMS; IONIZATION; COLLISIONS; 0(U)(+) AB Photoassociation resonances in the Rb-87(2) 1(g) state dissociating to 5(2)S + 5(2)P(1/2) were produced by the excitation of colliding Rb-87 atoms in a far-off resonance trap. Levels down to 31 cm(-1) below the dissociation limit were measured with resonance linewidths of 15 to 20MHz, and have been located to a one-sigma combined systematic and statistical uncertainty of 50 MHz relative to the 5(2)S + 5(2)P(1/2) limit. Electron and nuclear spins were fixed to a space-fixed axis by circularly polarized optical pumping, so that only states with total nuclear spin I = 3 were excited, thereby greatly simplifying the spectrum. The analysis of the data yielded hyperfine coupling parameters A(nu), vibrational G(nu), and rotational B(nu) parameters. The G(nu) parameters could be fit to an rms accuracy of about 0.01 cm(-1) to a potential constructed from current C-3 and C-6 long-range dispersion parameters plus an ab initio potential that was adjusted in depth and with quadratic terms in the internuclear distance added to the inner wall. C1 [Tsai, Chin-Chun] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Phys, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Bergeman, T.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Tiesinga, E.; Julienne, P. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tiesinga, E.; Julienne, P. S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heinzen, D. J.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Tsai, CC (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Phys, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012; OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442; Tsai, Chin-Chun/0000-0002-9587-6480 FU NSF [PHY-0968905]; R. A. Welch Foundation FX The work at the University of Texas was supported by NSF and by the R. A. Welch Foundation. The work at Stony Brook was supported by NSF Grant No. PHY-0968905. We gratefully acknowledge comments by O.Dulieu, LAC, Orsay, who emphasized the accuracy of the C3 value from Ref. [39], and inspired a more thorough approach to the eigenvalue calculation. T. Takekoshi and J. Hecker Denschlag provided useful, more detailed information on the data in Ref. [12] NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 13 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 5 AR 052509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.88.052509 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 254DZ UT WOS:000327145900007 ER PT J AU Falke, JA Dunham, JB Jordan, CE McNyset, KM Reeves, GH AF Falke, Jeffrey A. Dunham, Jason B. Jordan, Christopher E. McNyset, Kristina M. Reeves, Gordon H. TI Spatial Ecological Processes and Local Factors Predict the Distribution and Abundance of Spawning by Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) across a Complex Riverscape SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIORAL LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WATER TEMPERATURE; SOCKEYE-SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; STREAM FISHES; TROUT AB Processes that influence habitat selection in landscapes involve the interaction of habitat composition and configuration and are particularly important for species with complex life cycles. We assessed the relative influence of landscape spatial processes and local habitat characteristics on patterns in the distribution and abundance of spawning steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a threatened salmonid fish, across,15,000 stream km in the John Day River basin, Oregon, USA. We used hurdle regression and a multi-model information theoretic approach to identify the relative importance of covariates representing key aspects of the steelhead life cycle (e. g., site access, spawning habitat quality, juvenile survival) at two spatial scales: within 2-km long survey reaches (local sites) and ecological neighborhoods (5 km) surrounding the local sites. Based on Akaike's Information Criterion, models that included covariates describing ecological neighborhoods provided the best description of the distribution and abundance of steelhead spawning given the data. Among these covariates, our representation of offspring survival (growing-season-degree-days, degrees C) had the strongest effect size (7x) relative to other predictors. Predictive performances of model-averaged composite and neighborhood-only models were better than a siteonly model based on both occurrence (percentage of sites correctly classified = 0.8060.03 SD, 0.7860.02 vs. 0.6260.05, respectively) and counts (root mean square error = 3.37, 3.93 vs. 5.57, respectively). The importance of both temperature and stream flow for steelhead spawning suggest this species may be highly sensitive to impacts of land and water uses, and to projected climate impacts in the region and that landscape context, complementation, and connectivity will drive how this species responds to future environments. C1 [Falke, Jeffrey A.; McNyset, Kristina M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. [Jordan, Christopher E.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Reeves, Gordon H.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Falke, JA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM Jeffrey.Falke@alaska.edu FU National Research Council; American Recovery and Reinvestment Act through the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Laboratory; U.S. Geological Survey; National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; USDA Forest Service FX J. A. Falke and K. M. McNyset were supported by funds from the National Research Council and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act through the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Laboratory. J. B. Dunham and G. H. Reeves were supported in part by a collaborative research agreement between U.S. Geological Survey, National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, and USDA Forest Service. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 73 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 53 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 12 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e79232 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0079232 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 255PK UT WOS:000327252100095 PM 24265762 ER PT J AU Noroozian, O Mates, JAB Bennett, DA Brevik, JA Fowler, JW Gao, JS Hilton, GC Horansky, RD Irwin, KD Kang, Z Schmidt, DR Vale, LR Ullom, JN AF Noroozian, Omid Mates, John A. B. Bennett, Douglas A. Brevik, Justus A. Fowler, Joseph W. Gao, Jiansong Hilton, Gene C. Horansky, Robert D. Irwin, Kent D. Kang, Zhao Schmidt, Daniel R. Vale, Leila R. Ullom, Joel N. TI High-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy with a microwave-multiplexed transition-edge sensor array SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROCALORIMETERS; REDUCTION; DETECTORS AB We demonstrate very high resolution photon spectroscopy with a microwave-multiplexed two-pixel transition-edge sensor (TES) array. We measured a Gd-153 photon source and achieved an energy resolution of 63 eV full-width-at-half-maximum at 97 keV and an equivalent readout system noise of 86 pA/root Hz at the TES. The readout circuit consists of superconducting microwave resonators coupled to radio-frequency superconducting-quantum-interference-devices and transduces changes in input current to changes in phase of a microwave signal. We use flux-ramp modulation to linearize the response and evade low-frequency noise. This demonstration establishes one path for the readout of cryogenic X-ray and gamma-ray sensor arrays with more than 10(3) elements and spectral resolving powers R = lambda/Delta lambda > 10(3). (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Noroozian, Omid; Mates, John A. B.; Bennett, Douglas A.; Brevik, Justus A.; Fowler, Joseph W.; Gao, Jiansong; Hilton, Gene C.; Horansky, Robert D.; Irwin, Kent D.; Schmidt, Daniel R.; Vale, Leila R.; Ullom, Joel N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Noroozian, Omid] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kang, Zhao] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Noroozian, O (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM omid.noroozian@nist.gov OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690 FU DHS [2011-DN-077-ARI051]; US Department of Energy through the Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development; Office of Nuclear Energy; NASA [NNH11AR83I] FX This work was supported by DHS under Grant No. 2011-DN-077-ARI051, by the US Department of Energy through the Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development and the Office of Nuclear Energy, and by NASA, under Contract No. NNH11AR83I. The authors thank A. Betz and C. Bockstiegel for useful discussions and help with the experiment. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 11 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 20 AR 202602 DI 10.1063/1.4829156 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 263OU UT WOS:000327818700069 ER PT J AU Palomaki, TA Teufel, JD Simmonds, RW Lehnert, KW AF Palomaki, T. A. Teufel, J. D. Simmonds, R. W. Lehnert, K. W. TI Entangling Mechanical Motion with Microwave Fields SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS VARIABLE SYSTEMS; QUANTUM GROUND-STATE; LIGHT; INFORMATION; RESONATOR; CRITERION; NOISE AB When two physical systems share the quantum property of entanglement, measurements of one system appear to determine the state of the other. This peculiar property is used in optical, atomic, and electrical systems in an effort to exceed classical bounds when processing information. We extended the domain of this quantum resource by entangling the motion of a macroscopic mechanical oscillator with a propagating electrical signal and by storing one half of the entangled state in the mechanical oscillator. This result demonstrates an essential requirement for using compact and low-loss micromechanical oscillators in a quantum processor, can be extended to sense forces beyond the standard quantum limit, and may enable tests of quantum theory. C1 [Palomaki, T. A.; Lehnert, K. W.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Palomaki, T. A.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Palomaki, T. A.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Teufel, J. D.; Simmonds, R. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Palomaki, TA (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tauno.palomaki@jila.colorado.edu RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009; Teufel, John/A-8898-2010 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649; Teufel, John/0000-0002-1873-9941 FU National Science Foundation [1125844]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency QuEST program; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [GBMF3503] FX We thank H.-S. Ku, J. Kerckhoff, J. Harlow, and S. Clancy for helpful discussions. This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant 1125844, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency QuEST program, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through grant GBMF3503 to K.W.L. NR 32 TC 156 Z9 156 U1 8 U2 69 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 8 PY 2013 VL 342 IS 6159 BP 710 EP 713 DI 10.1126/science.1244563 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 247UK UT WOS:000326647600035 PM 24091706 ER PT J AU Grubisic, A Mukherjee, S Halas, N Nesbitt, DJ AF Grubisic, Andrej Mukherjee, Shaunak Halas, Naomi Nesbitt, David J. TI Anomalously Strong Electric Near-Field Enhancements at Defect Sites on Au Nanoshells Observed by Ultrafast Scanning Photoemission Imaging Microscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; MULTIPHOTON PHOTOELECTRON EMISSION; SHAPE-CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS; RAMAN-SCATTERING; METAL NANOPARTICLES; DIELECTRIC ENVIRONMENT; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; REFRACTIVE-INDEX AB Multiphoton photoelectron emission from individual SiO2 core-Au shell nanoparticles supported on an ITO substrate is studied with ultrafast scanning photoemission imaging microscopy. Higher than expected photoemission yields (similar to 10(5)-fold) and a strong sensitivity to excitation laser polarization direction indicate the presence of anomalously high electromagnetic field enhancement areas (i.e., "hot spots") on the surface of Au nanoshells. The measured magnitude of the photoelectron current is consistent with 1-2 localized hot spots on each nanoparticle exhibiting electric near-field enhancement factors of nominally vertical bar E vertical bar/vertical bar E-0 vertical bar similar to 50-100. Secondary electron microscopy (SEM) studies reveal asperities on the surface of each nanoparticle that most likely arise due to postsynthetic Ostwald ripening of the Au shell layer. However, no correlation is found between these features and the laser polarization that yields the maximum photoelectron emissivity, indicating that the hot spots responsible for the observed high electron emission rates are smaller than our SEM resolution of similar to 3-5 nm. Numerical electrodynamics simulations of near-field enhancements (vertical bar E vertical bar/vertical bar E-0 vertical bar similar to 20) for the two most commonly observed defect geometries (i.e., asperities and pinholes) can account for <20-50% of the experimentally inferred values. The larger near-field enhancements observed experimentally thus provide indirect evidence for sharp asperities and crevices in Au nanoshells considerably below the optical diffraction limit. C1 [Grubisic, Andrej; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Grubisic, Andrej; Nesbitt, David J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Grubisic, Andrej; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mukherjee, Shaunak; Halas, Naomi] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Halas, Naomi] Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Mukherjee, Shaunak; Halas, Naomi] Rice Univ, Lab Nanophoton, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Halas, N (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM halas@rice.edu; djn@jila.colorado.edu RI Grubisic, Andrej/P-2717-2014; Halas, Naomi/D-2935-2011 OI Grubisic, Andrej/0000-0001-8236-0007; FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0139]; National Science Foundation [CHE1012685, PHYS1125844]; National Institute for Standards and Technology; Robert A. Welch Foundation [C-1220]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0989]; DoD NSSEFF [N00244-09-1-0067]; U.S. Army Research Laboratory and Office [WF911NF-12-1-0407] FX This work has been supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-12-1-0139), with additional funds for optics, microscopy, and computer resources provided by the National Science Foundation (CHE1012685, PHYS1125844) and the National Institute for Standards and Technology. NJH and SM were supported by the Robert A. Welch Foundation under grant C-1220, the Office of Naval Research under grant N00014-10-1-0989, the DoD NSSEFF (N00244-09-1-0067), and the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and Office under contract/grant number WF911NF-12-1-0407. We also gratefully acknowledge D. Alchenberger for help with the SEM instrumentation, and Ciceron Ayala-Orozco for nanoparticle synthesis. NR 90 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 7 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 44 BP 22545 EP 22559 DI 10.1021/jp407424n PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 250IE UT WOS:000326845400010 ER PT J AU Faradzhev, NS McEntee, M Yates, JT Hill, SB Lucatortoto, TB AF Faradzhev, Nadir S. McEntee, Monica Yates, John T., Jr. Hill, Shannon B. Lucatortoto, Thomas B. TI EUV-Driven Carbonaceous Film Deposition and Its Photo-oxidation on a TiO2 Film Surface SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID X-RAY PHOTOEMISSION; FUNCTIONALIZED CARBON; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; ULTRATHIN FILMS; CAPPING LAYERS; PURE OZONE; OXYGEN; OXIDATION; CONTAMINATION; HYDROCARBONS AB We report the photodeposition of a carbonaceous layer grown on a TiO2 thin film by extreme ultraviolet (EUV)-induced chemistry of adsorbed n-tetradecane and the subsequent photo-oxidation of this film. Chemical analysis of the carbonaceous layer indicates that irradiation by 92 eV photons converts a fraction of the 14-carbon-atom alkane into two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules, anthracene and phenanthrene, both also containing 14 carbon atoms. Under continuing irradiation, EUV-induced dehydrogenation and cross-linking of PAHs and precursor alkane fragments form a complex network of carbon bonds with the inferred structure of an sp(2)-carbon rich film. Exposure of the carbonaceous film to five oxygen-containing molecules has little or no effect in the dark at 300 K. However, in the presence of EUV photons, the ability of the molecules to etch the carbonaceous film increases significantly. Their relative photo-oxidation activity follows the trend H2O2 approximate to O-3 > NO approximate to O-2 > H2O. The rate of the photo-oxidation reaction increases with the partial pressure of the oxidizer. Raising the substrate temperature has little effect on the photo-oxidation reaction rate, which is in contrast to the rate of EUV-induced carbonaceous film growth that exhibits a strong temperature dependence. The difference between mechanisms of EUV-induced hydrocarbon decomposition and photo-oxidation of the carbonaceous film is discussed. C1 [Faradzhev, Nadir S.; McEntee, Monica; Yates, John T., Jr.] Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Hill, Shannon B.; Lucatortoto, Thomas B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Faradzhev, NS (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM nadirf@nist.gov FU Intel Corporation; AES Corporation through The AES Graduate Fellowship in Energy Research FX The authors acknowledge the generous support of Intel Corporation. We also acknowledge partial support of this work by the AES Corporation through The AES Graduate Fellowship in Energy Research to Monica McEntee. We thank Professor Linda Columbus for the use of a nanodrop UV-vis absorption spectrometer in preliminary work leading to this paper. We also thank a reviewer for perceptive comments which have led to an improved paper. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 7 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 44 BP 23072 EP 23081 DI 10.1021/jp4091427 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 250IE UT WOS:000326845400069 ER PT J AU Foss-Feig, M Hazzard, KRA Bollinger, JJ Rey, AM Clark, CW AF Foss-Feig, M. Hazzard, K. R. A. Bollinger, J. J. Rey, A. M. Clark, C. W. TI Dynamical quantum correlations of Ising models on an arbitrary lattice and their resilience to decoherence SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED IONS; ENTANGLEMENT; SYSTEM; SIMULATOR; PHYSICS; SPINS; STATE; EQUILIBRIUM; BEHAVIOR; DRIVEN AB Ising models, and the physical systems described by them, play a central role in generating entangled states for use in quantum metrology and quantum information. In particular, ultracold atomic gases, trapped ion systems, and Rydberg atoms realize long-ranged Ising models, which even in the absence of a transverse field can give rise to highly non-classical dynamics and long-range quantum correlations. In the first part of this paper, we present a detailed theoretical framework for studying the dynamics of such systems driven (at time t = 0) into arbitrary unentangled non-equilibrium states, thus greatly extending and unifying the work of Foss-Feig et al (2013 Phys. Rev. A 87 042101). Specifically, we derive exact expressions for closed-time-path ordered correlation functions, and use these to study experimentally relevant observables, e. g. Bloch vector and spin-squeezing dynamics. In the second part, these correlation functions are then used to derive closed-form expressions for the dynamics of arbitrary spin-spin correlation functions in the presence of both T-1 (spontaneous spin relaxation/excitation) and T-2 (dephasing) type decoherence processes. Even though the decoherence is local, our solution reveals that the competition between Ising dynamics and T-1 decoherence gives rise to an emergent non-local dephasing effect, thereby drastically amplifying the degradation of quantum correlations. In addition to identifying the mechanism of this deleterious effect, our solution points toward a scheme to eliminate it via measurement-based coherent feedback. C1 [Foss-Feig, M.; Clark, C. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Foss-Feig, M.; Clark, C. W.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Foss-Feig, M.; Clark, C. W.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hazzard, K. R. A.; Rey, A. M.] Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hazzard, K. R. A.; Rey, A. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hazzard, K. R. A.; Bollinger, J. J.; Rey, A. M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Foss-Feig, M (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.foss-feig@nist.gov RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 FU NIST; NSF; AFOSR; ARO; DARPA-OLE; NRC FX We gratefully acknowledge Salvatore Manmana, Michael Kastner, Dominic Meiser, Minghui Xu and Murray Holland for helpful discussions. This work was supported by NIST, the NSF (PIF and PFC grants), AFOSR and ARO individual investigator awards, and the ARO with funding from the DARPA-OLE program. KRAH and MF-F thank the NRC for support. This manuscript is the contribution of NIST and is not subject to US copyright. NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD NOV 7 PY 2013 VL 15 AR 113008 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/15/11/113008 PG 32 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 247PC UT WOS:000326629800002 ER PT J AU Ahart, M DeVreugd, C Li, JF Viehland, D Gehring, PM Hemley, RJ AF Ahart, Muhtar DeVreugd, Christopher Li, Jiefang Viehland, Dwight Gehring, Peter M. Hemley, Russell J. TI X-ray diffraction study of the pressure-induced bcc-to-hcp phase transition in the highly magnetostrictive Fe0.81Ga0.19 alloy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FE-GA; EARTHS CORE; IRON; TRANSFORMATION AB High-pressure x-ray diffraction measurements were performed at room temperature on single crystals of the highly magnetostrictive alloy Fe0.81Ga0.19 (galfenol). This alloy has a bcc crystal structure at ambient pressure but undergoes a bcc-to-hcp phase transition at 24 GPa on compression. A large hysteresis loop is observed in which the reversed transition occurs at 13 GPa on decompression. The midpoint of this transition is 18.5 GPa. The measured bulk modulus of this material is 182 (+/- 17) GPa, which is comparable to that of pure iron. As with iron, the hcp structure of the alloy can be derived from a compression of the bcc lattice along [001] that is accompanied by shearing along [1 (1) over bar0]. Our results indicate that the addition of Ga shifts the bcc-to-hcp transition from 13 GPa in pure iron to 18.5 GPa, and we speculate that this is due to the larger atomic radius of Ga. A uniaxial loading of 3 GPa completely suppresses the diffuse scattering in Fe0.81Ga0.19. We ascertain that the magnetostrictive properties of the alloy are reduced under pressure. C1 [Ahart, Muhtar; Hemley, Russell J.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [DeVreugd, Christopher; Li, Jiefang; Viehland, Dwight] Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Gehring, Peter M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ahart, M (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. OI Ahart, Muhtar/0000-0003-3494-5849; Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 FU Carnegie/DOE Alliance Center (CDAC) [DE-FC03-03NA00144]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-10292]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; DOE-NNSA; DOE-BES; NSF FX This work was sponsored by the Carnegie/DOE Alliance Center (CDAC, DE-FC03-03NA00144). Support from the Office of Naval Research through Grant No. N00014-10-10292 is also acknowledged. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. HPCAT operations are supported by CIW, CDAC, UNLV, and LLNL through funding from DOE-NNSA and DOE-BES, with partial instrumentation funding by NSF. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 7 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 18 AR 184102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.184102 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 249ZM UT WOS:000326819700003 ER PT J AU Jachymski, K Julienne, PS AF Jachymski, Krzysztof Julienne, Paul S. TI Analytical model of overlapping Feshbach resonances SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-DEFECT ANALYSIS; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; SCATTERING; COLLISIONS; ATOMS; CONDENSATION AB Feshbach resonances in ultracold collisions often result from an interplay between many collision channels. Simple two-channel models can be introduced to capture the basic features, but cannot fully reproduce the situation when several resonances from different closed channels contribute to the scattering process. Using the formalism of multichannel quantum defect theory we develop an analytical model of overlapping Feshbach resonances. We find a general formula for the variation of the scattering length with magnetic field in the vicinity of an arbitrary number of resonances, characterized by simple parameters. Our formula is in excellent agreement with numerical coupled-channel calculations for several cases of overlapping resonances in the collisions of two Li-7 atoms or two Cs atoms. C1 [Jachymski, Krzysztof] Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Julienne, Paul S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jachymski, K (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, Hoza 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012; OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442; Jachymski, Krzysztof/0000-0002-9080-0989 FU Foundation for Polish Science International PhD Projects Programme; EU European Regional Development Fund; AFOSR MURI Grant [FA9550-09-1-0617]; National Science Foundation [NSF PHY11-25915] FX This work was supported by the Foundation for Polish Science International PhD Projects Programme co-financed by the EU European Regional Development Fund, by AFOSR MURI Grant No. FA9550-09-1-0617, and in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSF PHY11-25915. NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 6 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 5 AR 052701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.88.052701 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 247EU UT WOS:000326599400005 ER PT J AU Zirnmerman, TA Wang, MY Lowenthal, MS Turko, IV Phinney, KW AF Zirnmerman, Tyler A. Wang, Meiyao Lowenthal, Mark S. Turko, Illarion V. Phinney, Karen W. TI Quantification of Transferrin in Human Serum Using Both QconCAT and Synthetic Internal Standards SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IRON-BINDING-CAPACITY; MULTIPLEXED ABSOLUTE QUANTIFICATION; CONCATENATED SIGNATURE PEPTIDES; DILUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROTEOMICS; PROTEIN; STOICHIOMETRY; DEFICIENCY; EXPRESSION; PREDICTION AB Transferrin, an iron transport protein, is a clinically important biomarker in diseases such as iron-deficiency anemia. Current diagnostic methods for transferrin levels lack quantitative accuracy, suggesting the need for alternative approaches like LC-MS with isotope-labeled peptides as internal standards. Besides solid-phase synthesis, isotope-labeled peptides are also generated by a method called QconCAT where peptides are expressed from DNA in the presence of heavy isotope media. After evaluation of the expressed QconCAT, this study compares transferrin levels obtained by synthetic peptides versus QconCAT peptides as internal standards. Transferrin levels obtained by both internal standards give overlapping, or nearly overlapping, uncertainty values and are near approximate to 200 mg/dL of transferrin in human serum. Close agreement between the two methods suggests that the quantitative values are reasonable. Using QconCAT and synthetic peptides in parallel gives a refined focus on method development, and the resulting methods should be applicable to other clinically relevant proteins. C1 [Zirnmerman, Tyler A.; Wang, Meiyao; Lowenthal, Mark S.; Turko, Illarion V.; Phinney, Karen W.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zirnmerman, Tyler A.; Wang, Meiyao; Turko, Illarion V.] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Zirnmerman, TA (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM tyler.zimmerman@northwestern.edu OI Zimmerman, Tyler/0000-0002-5408-9771 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 5 PY 2013 VL 85 IS 21 BP 10362 EP 10368 DI 10.1021/ac402326v PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 248OQ UT WOS:000326711400056 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Rutherford, ES Stow, CA Roseman, EF He, JX AF Madenjian, Charles P. Rutherford, Edward S. Stow, Craig A. Roseman, Edward F. He, Ji X. TI Trophic Shift, Not Collapse SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID LAKE-HURON; MAIN BASIN; MICHIGAN C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.; Roseman, Edward F.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Rutherford, Edward S.; Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [He, Ji X.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Alpena Fisheries Res Stn, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855; Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838; Rutherford, Edward/0000-0002-7282-6667 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 5 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 21 BP 11915 EP 11916 DI 10.1021/es404089y PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 248OP UT WOS:000326711300001 PM 24128047 ER PT J AU Espinal, L Poster, DL Wong-Ng, W Allen, AJ Green, ML AF Espinal, Laura Poster, Dianne L. Wong-Ng, Winnie Allen, Andrew J. Green, Martin L. TI Measurement, Standards, and Data Needs for CO2 Capture Materials: A Critical Review SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE; METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; GAS-ADSORPTION; IONIC LIQUIDS; POSTCOMBUSTION CAPTURE; POROUS MATERIALS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; FLUE-GAS; SEPARATION; MONOETHANOLAMINE AB The commercial deployment of cost-effective carbon capture technology is hindered partially by the lack of a proper suite of materials-related measurements, standards, and data, which would provide critical information for the systematic design, evaluation, and performance of CO2 separation materials. Based on a literature search and conversations with the carbon capture community, we review the current status of measurements, standards, and data for the three major carbon capture materials in use today: solvents, solid sorbents, and membranes. We highlight current measurement, standards and data activities aimed to advance the development and use of carbon capture materials and major research needs that are critical to meet if innovation in carbon capture materials is to be achieved. The review reveals that although adsorbents are considered to have great potential to reduce carbon capture cost, there is no consensus on the experimental parameters to be used for evaluating sorbent properties. Another important finding is the lack of in situ experimental tools for the structural characterization of solid porous materials during CO2 adsorption, and computational methods that would enable a materials-by-design approach for their development. C1 [Espinal, Laura; Poster, Dianne L.; Wong-Ng, Winnie; Allen, Andrew J.; Green, Martin L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Espinal, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM laura.espinal@nist.gov RI USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013 NR 107 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 11 U2 208 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 5 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 21 BP 11960 EP 11975 DI 10.1021/es402622q PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 248OP UT WOS:000326711300015 PM 24060087 ER PT J AU Hickie, BE Cadieux, MA Riehl, KN Bossart, GD Alava, JJ Fair, PA AF Hickie, Brendan E. Cadieux, Marc A. Riehl, Kimberly N. Bossart, Gregory D. Alava, Juan Jose Fair, Patricia A. TI Modeling PCB-Bioaccumulation in the Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus): Estimating a Dietary Threshold Concentration SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL EXPOSURE; WHALES ORCINUS-ORCA; MARINE MAMMALS; LIFETIME EXPOSURE; ESTUARINE AREAS; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ENERGY-REQUIREMENTS; PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; HARBOR PORPOISES AB An individually based (IB) model to predict PCB concentrations in the bottlenose dolphin population of Charleston, SC, USA, was developed with the aim to gain a better understanding of the bioaccumulation behavior and health risk of dietary PCBs across the population and their prey. PCB concentrations predicted in male and female bottlenose dolphin were in good agreement with observed tissue concentrations corroborating the reliability of the model performance and its utility in gaining a more complete view of risk. The modeled cumulative distribution of Sigma PCB concentrations for the population with a breakdown into juvenile, adult male, and female subclasses ranged from 3600 to 144,400 ng/g lipid with 66% to >80% of the population exceeding the established threshold for adverse health effects of 17,000 ng/g lipid. The model estimated that a dietary PCB concentration not exceeding 5.1 ng/g wet wt would be required to reach a condition where 95% of the population would have tissue levels below the health effect threshold. The IB model for PCBs in bottlenose dolphins provides a novel approach to estimating the maximum acceptable dietary concentration for PCBs, a central and important factor to protect these apex predators. The model also enables effective prediction of concentrations in dolphins from fish contaminant surveys which are logistically easier and less costly to collect. C1 [Hickie, Brendan E.; Cadieux, Marc A.; Riehl, Kimberly N.] Trent Univ, Environm & Resource Studies Program, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Hickie, Brendan E.; Cadieux, Marc A.; Riehl, Kimberly N.] Trent Univ, Environm & Life Sci Grad Program, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Cadieux, Marc A.] Univ Manitoba, Clayton H Riddell Fac Environm Earth & Resources, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Georgia Aquarium, Nw Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. [Alava, Juan Jose] Simon Fraser Univ, Fac Environm, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Fair, Patricia A.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Hickie, BE (reprint author), Trent Univ, Environm & Resource Studies Program, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. EM bhickie@trentu.ca RI Alava, Juan Jose/A-7731-2015 OI Alava, Juan Jose/0000-0002-6312-7776 FU NSERC; Canadian Northern Contaminants Program; NOAA/CCEHBR, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health/Stranding Response FX We would like to thank the numerous researchers who participated in the dolphin capture and release studies in South Carolina and Florida. We are especially grateful to Dr. Forrest Townsend, Larry Hansen, Eric Zolman, Steve McCulloch, Larry Fulford, the NOAA and HBOI staff, the collaborators and veterinarians who provided their expertise, and the many volunteers whose help made the health assessment studies possible. We thank Bill Roumilatt and staff from the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources for collection of the fish and Mike Fulton, Ed Wirth, and Greg Mitchum of NOAA/CCEHBR for contaminant analysis. Original model development was supported by NSERC Discovery and Canadian Northern Contaminants Program grants to BEH. This study was supported through NOAA/CCEHBR, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health/Stranding Response. This publication does not constitute an endorsement of any commercial product or intend to be an opinion beyond scientific or other results obtained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). No reference shall be made to NOAA, or this publication furnished by NOAA, to any advertising or sales promotion which would indicate or imply that NOAA recommends or endorses any proprietary product mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an interest to cause the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this publication. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 5 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 21 BP 12314 EP 12324 DI 10.1021/es403166b PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 248OP UT WOS:000326711300055 PM 24073853 ER PT J AU Guo, XK Dong, SP Petersen, EJ Gao, SX Huang, QG Mao, L AF Guo, Xiangke Dong, Shipeng Petersen, Elijah J. Gao, Shixiang Huang, Qingguo Mao, Liang TI Biological Uptake and Depuration of Radio-labeled Graphene by Daphnia magna SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; FOOD-CHAIN; STEM-CELLS; BIOACCUMULATION; TOXICITY; NANOPARTICLES; FILMS; FUNCTIONALIZATION; NANOPLATELETS; GENOTOXICITY AB Graphene layers are potential candidates in a large number of applications. However, little is known about their ecotoxicological risks largely as a result of a lack of quantification techniques in complex environmental matrices. In this study, graphene was synthesized by means of graphitization and exfoliation of sandwich-like FePO4/dodecylamine hybrid nanosheets, and C-14 was incorporated in the synthesis. C-14-labeled graphene was spiked to artificial freshwater and the uptake and depuration of graphene by Daphnia magna were assessed. After exposure for 24 h to a 250 mu g/L solution of graphene, the graphene concentration in the organism was nearly 1% of the organism dry mass. These organisms excreted the graphene to clean artificial freshwater and achieved roughly constant body burdens after 24 h depuration periods regardless of the initial graphene exposure concentration. Addition of algae and humic acid to water during the depuration period resulted in release of a significant fraction (>90%) of the accumulated graphene, but some still remained in the organism. Accumulated graphene in adult Daphnia was likely transferred to the neonates. The uptake and elimination results provided here support the environmental risk assessment of graphene and the graphene quantification method is a powerful tool for additional studies. C1 [Guo, Xiangke; Dong, Shipeng; Gao, Shixiang; Mao, Liang] Nanjing Univ, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse, Sch Environm, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Guo, Xiangke] Nanjing Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Lab Mesoscop Chem, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Petersen, Elijah J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Huang, Qingguo] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Mao, L (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse, Sch Environm, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM lmao@nju.edu.cn RI Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013; GAO, Shixiang/K-8702-2012 OI GAO, Shixiang/0000-0001-9066-6970 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21377049, 21107046, 21237002]; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BK2011576]; Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education, Ministry of Education of China [20110091120036]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities FX Financial support for this project was from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21377049, 21107046, and 21237002), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK2011576), and Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education, Ministry of Education of China (20110091120036), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. We thank Prof. Rong Ji for his experimental assistance. Certain commercial equipment, instruments and materials are identified in order to specify experimental procedures as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that any of the materials, instruments or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 45 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 13 U2 161 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 5 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 21 BP 12524 EP 12531 DI 10.1021/es403230u PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 248OP UT WOS:000326711300079 PM 24099417 ER PT J AU Li, R Palm, BB Borbon, A Graus, M Warneke, C Ortega, AM Day, DA Brune, WH Jimenez, JL de Gouw, JA AF Li, R. Palm, B. B. Borbon, A. Graus, M. Warneke, C. Ortega, A. M. Day, D. A. Brune, W. H. Jimenez, J. L. de Gouw, J. A. TI Laboratory Studies on Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Crude Oil Vapors SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETER; HIGH-RESOLUTION; SOA FORMATION; M-XYLENE; OXIDATION; SPILL; PHOTOOXIDATION; MECHANISMS; ATMOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY AB Airborne measurements of aerosol composition and gas phase compounds over the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in June 2010 indicated the presence of high concentrations of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed from organic compounds of intermediate volatility. In this work, we investigated SOA formation from South Louisiana crude oil vapors reacting with OH in a Potential Aerosol Mass flow reactor. We use the dependence of evaporation time on the saturation concentration (C*) of the SOA precursors to separate the contribution of species of different C* to total SOA formation. This study shows consistent results with those at the DWH oil spill: (1) organic compounds of intermediate volatility with C* = 10(5)-10(6) mu g m(-3) contribute the large majority of SOA mass formed, and have much larger SOA yields (0.37 for C* = 10(5) and 0.21 for C* = 10(6) mu g m(-3)) than more volatile compounds with C*>= 10(7) mu g m(-3), (2) the mass spectral signature of SOA formed from oxidation of the less volatile compounds in the reactor shows good agreement with that of SOA formed at DWH oil spill. These results also support the use of flow reactors simulating atmospheric SOA formation and aging. C1 [Li, R.; Ortega, A. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, R.; Palm, B. B.; Graus, M.; Warneke, C.; Ortega, A. M.; Day, D. A.; Jimenez, J. L.; de Gouw, J. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, R.; Graus, M.; Warneke, C.; de Gouw, J. A.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Palm, B. B.; Day, D. A.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Borbon, A.] Univ Paris Est & Paris Diderot, CNRS, UMR 7583, LISA,IPSL, Creteil, France. [Brune, W. H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Li, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rui.li@noaa.gov RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Ortega, Amber/B-5548-2014; Li, Rui/C-5153-2014; Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Ortega, Amber/0000-0002-4381-7892; Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; FU CIRES; DOE (BER, ASR Program) [DE-SC0006035]; DOE SCGP Fellowship Program (ORAU, ORISE) FX We thank Roya Bahreini (University of Denver) and Ann Middlebrook (NOAA) for sharing the AMS data from oil spill measurements. We thank Abby Koss for providing useful results from her oil evaporation experiments. We thank David Valentine (University of California at Santa Barbara) and Andrew Lambe (Boston College) for sharing photos of oil spill and OH flowtube for the TOC art in the abstract. This project was supported by a CIRES Innovative Research Program Seed Grant. B.B.P., D.A.D., A.M.O., and J.L.J. were also supported by DOE (BER, ASR Program) DE-SC0006035. A.M.O. is grateful for a graduate fellowship from the DOE SCGP Fellowship Program (ORAU, ORISE). R.L. and B.B.P. acknowledge a CIRES Graduate Student Fellowship NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 5 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 21 BP 12566 EP 12574 DI 10.1021/es402265y PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 248OP UT WOS:000326711300084 PM 24088179 ER PT J AU Du, K Glogowski, E Tuominen, MT Emrick, T Russell, TP Dinsmore, AD AF Du, Kan Glogowski, Elizabeth Tuominen, Mark T. Emrick, Todd Russell, Thomas P. Dinsmore, A. D. TI Self-Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles on Gallium Droplets: Controlling Charge Transport through Microscopic Devices SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE COULOMB-BLOCKADE; COLLOIDAL CRYSTALS; SURFACE-TENSION; NANOCRYSTALS; ARRAYS; FABRICATION; INTEGRATION; INTERFACES; DISPLAYS; DROPS AB We describe the spontaneous assembly of ligand-stabilized gold nanoparticles on the surfaces of gallium droplets in suspension. By subsequent deposition of these coated droplets onto substrates with patterned electrodes, we form devices that have controlled architecture on the nanometer scale, which allows control of electron transport. In particular, we show that microscopic droplets can be brought into contact with one another with a monolayer of nanopartides between them, resulting in a junction where electron transport is limited by the Coulomb blockade effect. We characterize the gallium surfaces by optical and electron microscopy and measurement of the interfacial tension. We measure the current voltage characteristics of devices consisting of one or more Ga droplets and nanoparticle layers in series. The results agree well with the conventional theory of the Coulomb blockade and show how this approach could be used to form hierarchically structured electronic devices. C1 [Du, Kan; Tuominen, Mark T.; Dinsmore, A. D.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Du, Kan] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Glogowski, Elizabeth; Emrick, Todd; Russell, Thomas P.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Glogowski, Elizabeth] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. RP Dinsmore, AD (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM dinsmore@physics.umass.edu RI Tuominen, Mark/A-6129-2012 FU National Science Foundation, UMass Amherst [CTS-0609107, DMR-0820506]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-04ER46126]; NSF Center for Hierarchical Manufacturing [CMMR-1025020]; Center for UMass/Industry Research on Polymers FX We thank the National Science Foundation for support of this project through the Nanoscale Interdisciplinary Research Team (NIRT, CTS-0609107) and through the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center on Polymers (DMR-0820506) at UMass Amherst. The characterization of the nanoparticle assemblies at the fluid interfaces was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DE-FG02-04ER46126). M.T.T. acknowledges the support of the NSF Center for Hierarchical Manufacturing (CMMR-1025020). Partial support was also received from the Center for UMass/Industry Research on Polymers. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 56 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 EI 1520-5827 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 5 PY 2013 VL 29 IS 44 BP 13640 EP 13646 DI 10.1021/la403263z PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 248OO UT WOS:000326711200039 PM 24102520 ER PT J AU Van Doornik, DM Berejikian, BA Campbell, LA AF Van Doornik, Donald M. Berejikian, Barry A. Campbell, Lance A. TI Gene Flow between Sympatric Life History Forms of Oncorhynchus mykiss Located above and below Migratory Barriers SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; RESIDENT RAINBOW-TROUT; FRESH-WATER; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; STEELHEAD TROUT; OTOLITH MICROCHEMISTRY; ANADROMOUS STEELHEAD; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; HATCHERY PROGRAMS AB Oncorhynchus mykiss have a diverse array of life history types, and understanding the relationship among types is important for management of the species. Patterns of gene flow between sympatric freshwater resident O. mykiss, commonly known as rainbow trout, and anadromous O. mykiss, commonly known as steelhead, populations are complex and poorly understood. In this study, we attempt to determine the occurrence and pathways of gene flow and the degree of genetic similarity between sympatric resident and anadromous O. mykiss in three river systems, and investigate whether resident O. mykiss are producing anadromous offspring in these rivers, two of which have complete barriers to upstream migration. We found that the population structure of the O. mykiss in these rivers appears to be influenced more by the presence of a barrier to upstream migration than by life history type. The sex ratio of resident O. mykiss located above a barrier, and smolts captured in screw traps was significantly skewed in favor of females, whereas the reverse was true below the barriers, suggesting that male resident O. mykiss readily migrate downstream over the barrier, and that precocious male maturation may be occurring in the anadromous populations. Through paternity analyses, we also provide direct confirmation that resident O. mykiss can produce offspring that become anadromous. Most (89%) of the resident O. mykiss that produced anadromous offspring were males. Our results add to the growing body of evidence that shows that gene flow does readily occur between sympatric resident and anadromous O. mykiss life history types, and indicates that resident O. mykiss populations may be a potential repository of genes for the anadromous life history type. C1 [Van Doornik, Donald M.; Berejikian, Barry A.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Campbell, Lance A.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA USA. RP Van Doornik, DM (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM don.vandoornik@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Hood Canal Salmon Enhancement Group, Long Live the Kings; Skokomish Tribal Nation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife FX Primary funding for this work was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Additional support was provided by the Hood Canal Salmon Enhancement Group, Long Live the Kings, the Skokomish Tribal Nation, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 19 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 5 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e79931 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0079931 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 247EE UT WOS:000326597400096 PM 24224023 ER PT J AU Dessler, AE Schoeberl, MR Wang, T Davis, SM Rosenlof, KH AF Dessler, A. E. Schoeberl, M. R. Wang, T. Davis, S. M. Rosenlof, K. H. TI Stratospheric water vapor feedback SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE climate change; lowermost stratosphere; overworld ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; CLIMATE SENSITIVITY; MODEL; TROPOSPHERE; OZONE; PERTURBATIONS AB We show here that stratospheric water vapor variations play an important role in the evolution of our climate. This comes from analysis of observations showing that stratospheric water vapor increases with tropospheric temperature, implying the existence of a stratospheric water vapor feedback. We estimate the strength of this feedback in a chemistry- climate model to be + 0.3 W/( m(2).K), which would be a significant contributor to the overall climate sensitivity. One- third of this feedback comes from increases in water vapor entering the stratosphere through the tropical tropopause layer, with the rest coming from increases in water vapor entering through the extratropical tropopause. C1 [Dessler, A. E.; Wang, T.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Schoeberl, M. R.] Sci & Technol Corp, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Davis, S. M.; Rosenlof, K. H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Davis, S. M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dessler, AE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM adessler@tamu.edu RI Davis, Sean/C-9570-2011; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Wang, Tao/C-2381-2011; Dessler, Andrew/G-8852-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Davis, Sean/0000-0001-9276-6158; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Wang, Tao/0000-0003-3430-8508; Dessler, Andrew/0000-0003-3939-4820; FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1261948] FX We thank Jean-Paul Vernier and Bob Portmann for helpful feedback. The GEOSCCM output was generously provided by Anne Douglass, Luke Oman, and Mike Manyin. MERRA data used in this study were provided by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office [National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center] through the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center online archive. ERAi data used in this study were provided by the ECMWF and obtained from the ECMWF data server. The MLS group (NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory) is gratefully acknowledged for their data. This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant AGS-1261948 (to Texas A& M University). NR 43 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 42 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 5 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 45 BP 18087 EP 18091 DI 10.1073/pnas.1310344110 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 246PG UT WOS:000326550800030 PM 24082126 ER PT J AU Miller, SD Straka, WC Bachmeier, AS Schmit, TJ Partain, PT Noh, YJ AF Miller, Steven D. Straka, William C., III Bachmeier, A. Scott Schmit, Timothy J. Partain, Philip T. Noh, Yoo-Jeong TI Earth-viewing satellite perspectives on the Chelyabinsk meteor event SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE asteroids; atmospheric entry; remote sensing; multiangle; trajectory estimation ID CANYON DIABLO IMPACT; GOES-R; ASTEROIDS; MISSION; CLOUDS; TRAIN AB Large meteors (or superbolides [Ceplecha Z, et al. (1999) Meteoroids 1998: 37-54]), although rare in recorded history, give sobering testimony to civilization's inherent vulnerability. A not-so-subtle reminder came on the morning of February 15, 2013, when a large meteoroid hurtled into the Earth's atmosphere, forming a superbolide near the city of Chelyabinsnk, Russia, similar to 1,500 km east of Moscow, Russia [Ivanova MA, et al. (2013) Abstracts of the 76th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society, 5366]. The object exploded in the stratosphere, and the ensuing shock wave blasted the city of Chelyabinsk, damaging structures and injuring hundreds. Details of trajectory are important for determining its specific source, the likelihood of future events, and potential mitigation measures. Earth-viewing environmental satellites can assist in these assessments. Here we examine satellite observations of the Chelyabinsk superbolide debris trail, collected within minutes of its entry. Estimates of trajectory are derived from differential views of the significantly parallax-displaced [e.g., Hasler AF (1981) Bull Am Meteor Soc 52: 194-212] debris trail. The 282.7 +/- 2.3 degrees azimuth of trajectory, 18.5 +/- 3.8 degrees slope to the horizontal, and 17.7 +/- 0.5 km/s velocity derived from these satellites agree well with parameters inferred from the wealth of surface-based photographs and amateur videos. More importantly, the results demonstrate the general ability of Earth-viewing satellites to provide valuable insight on trajectory reconstruction in the more likely scenario of sparse or nonexistent surface observations. C1 [Miller, Steven D.; Partain, Philip T.; Noh, Yoo-Jeong] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Straka, William C., III; Bachmeier, A. Scott] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Schmit, Timothy J.] NOAA, Adv Satellite Prod Branch, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI 53715 USA. RP Miller, SD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Steven.Miller@colostate.edu RI Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010 FU Naval Research Laboratory [N00173-10-C2003]; Oceanographer of the Navy through office at the Program Executive Office C4I & Space/Program Manager; Warfare-120 [PE-0603207N] FX The efforts of our reviewers in improving this manuscript are gratefully acknowledged. Jiri Borovicka (Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences), Stefan Geens (Ogle Earth), and Sebastian Pauleau (GroupeBolide) provided information on surface-based video meteor trajectory derivations. Jorge Zuluaga (University of Antioquia), Josep Trigo-Rodr guez (Institute for Space Studies of Catalonia), Simon Proud (University of Copenhagen) and Jia Yue (Hampton University) provided further insightful discussions and references. Jeffery Cox (Aerospace Corporation) assisted with a DMSP sensor data inquiry, and Pamela Schoebel-Pattiselanno (EUMETSAT) assisted with Meteosat data requests. S.D.M. acknowledges support from the Naval Research Laboratory (Contract # N00173-10-C2003), the Oceanographer of the Navy through office at the Program Executive Office C4I & Space/Program Manager, Warfare-120 under program element PE-0603207N. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 5 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 45 BP 18092 EP 18097 DI 10.1073/pnas.1307965110 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 246PG UT WOS:000326550800031 PM 24145398 ER PT J AU Fu, R Yin, L Li, WH Arias, PA Dickinson, RE Huang, L Chakraborty, S Fernandes, K Liebmann, B Fisher, R Myneni, RB AF Fu, Rong Yin, Lei Li, Wenhong Arias, Paola A. Dickinson, Robert E. Huang, Lei Chakraborty, Sudip Fernandes, Katia Liebmann, Brant Fisher, Rosie Myneni, Ranga B. TI Increased dry-season length over southern Amazonia in recent decades and its implication for future climate projection SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE climate variability; rainforests; climate model projection ID RAIN-FOREST; WET SEASON; DROUGHT; REANALYSIS; SAVANNA; TRENDS; TERRESTRIAL; VARIABILITY; SCENARIOS; AMERICA AB We have observed that the dry-season length (DSL) has increased over southern Amazonia since 1979, primarily owing to a delay of its ending dates (dry-season end, DSE), and is accompanied by a prolonged fire season. A poleward shift of the subtropical jet over South America and an increase of local convective inhibition energy in austral winter (June-August) seem to cause the delay of the DSE in austral spring (September-November). These changes cannot be simply linked to the variability of the tropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Although they show some resemblance to the effects of anthropogenic forcings reported in the literature, we cannot attribute them to this cause because of inadequate representation of these processes in the global climate models that were presented in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Fifth Assessment Report. These models significantly underestimate the variability of the DSE and DSL and their controlling processes. Such biases imply that the future change of the DSE and DSL may be underestimated by the climate projections provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Fifth Assessment Report models. Although it is not clear whether the observed increase of the DSL will continue in the future, were it to continue at half the rate of that observed, the long DSL and fire season that contributed to the 2005 drought would become the new norm by the late 21st century. The large uncertainty shown in this study highlights the need for a focused effort to better understand and simulate these changes over southern Amazonia. C1 [Fu, Rong; Yin, Lei; Dickinson, Robert E.; Huang, Lei; Chakraborty, Sudip] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Li, Wenhong] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Arias, Paola A.] Univ Antioquia, Grp Ingn & Gest Ambiental, Medellin, Colombia. [Fernandes, Katia] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Liebmann, Brant] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fisher, Rosie] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Syst Lab, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Myneni, Ranga B.] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Fu, R (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM rongfu@jsg.utexas.edu RI Myneni, Ranga/F-5129-2012; Huang, Lei/P-1848-2014 FU National Science Foundation [AGS 0937400]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office Modeling, Analysis, Prediction, and Projection Program [NA10OAAR4310157] FX We thank Inez Fung for discussion that initiated and inspired this work, James Hurrell, and the two anonymous reviewers and the editor for insightful comments. This work is supported by National Science Foundation Grant AGS 0937400 and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office Modeling, Analysis, Prediction, and Projection Program Grant NA10OAAR4310157. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modeling for organizing the Coupled Modeling Intercomparison Project. We thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making their model outputs available. The US Department of Energy's Program for Climate Modeling Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. NR 56 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 61 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 5 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 45 BP 18110 EP 18115 DI 10.1073/pnas.1302584110 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 246PG UT WOS:000326550800034 PM 24145443 ER PT J AU Barnes, BM Sohn, MY Goasmat, F Zhou, H Vladar, AE Silver, RM Arceo, A AF Barnes, Bryan M. Sohn, Martin Y. Goasmat, Francois Zhou, Hui Vladar, Andras E. Silver, Richard M. Arceo, Abraham TI Three-dimensional deep sub-wavelength defect detection using lambda=193 nm optical microscopy SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID METROLOGY AB Optical microscopy is sensitive both to arrays of nanoscale features and to their imperfections. Optimizing scattered electromagnetic field intensities from deep sub-wavelength nanometer scale structures represents an important element of optical metrology. Current, well-established optical methods used to identify defects in semiconductor patterning are in jeopardy by upcoming sub-20 nm device dimensions. A novel volumetric analysis for processing focus-resolved images of defects is presented using simulated and experimental examples. This new method allows defects as narrow as (16 +/- 2) nm (k = 1) to be revealed using 193 nm light with focus and illumination conditions optimized for three-dimensional data analysis. Quantitative metrics to compare two-dimensional and three-dimensional imaging indicate possible fourfold improvements in sensitivity using these methods. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Barnes, Bryan M.; Sohn, Martin Y.; Goasmat, Francois; Zhou, Hui; Vladar, Andras E.; Silver, Richard M.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Arceo, Abraham] SEMATECH North, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Barnes, BM (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr MS 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryan.barnes@nist.gov FU NIST FX The authors thank Dr. Bin Ming for his assistance and training in obtaining SEM data and Dr. Jing Qin for her helpful discussions. This project was funded internally by NIST. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 4 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 22 BP 26219 EP 26226 DI 10.1364/OE.21.026219 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 252LZ UT WOS:000327007800081 PM 24216846 ER PT J AU Moon, JH Seo, SM Lee, KJ Kim, KW Ryu, J Lee, HW McMichael, RD Stiles, MD AF Moon, Jung-Hwan Seo, Soo-Man Lee, Kyung-Jin Kim, Kyoung-Whan Ryu, Jisu Lee, Hyun-Woo McMichael, R. D. Stiles, M. D. TI Spin-wave propagation in the presence of interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID REAL-SPACE OBSERVATION; DOMAIN-WALLS; WEAK FERROMAGNETISM; DYNAMICS; DRIVEN; FILMS; ORDER AB In ferromagnetic thin films, broken inversion symmetry and spin-orbit coupling give rise to interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions. Analytic expressions for spin-wave properties show that the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction leads to nonreciprocal spin-wave propagation, i.e., different properties for spin waves propagating in opposite directions. In favorable situations, it can increase the spin-wave attenuation length. Comparing measured spin-wave properties in ferromagnet/normal metal bilayers and other artificial layered structures with these calculations could provide a useful characterization of the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions. C1 [Moon, Jung-Hwan; Seo, Soo-Man; Lee, Kyung-Jin] Korea Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Lee, Kyung-Jin] Korea Univ, KU KIST Grad Sch Converging Sci & Technol, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Kim, Kyoung-Whan; Ryu, Jisu; Lee, Hyun-Woo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, PCTP, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Kim, Kyoung-Whan; Ryu, Jisu; Lee, Hyun-Woo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Kim, Kyoung-Whan] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Basic Sci Res Inst, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [McMichael, R. D.; Stiles, M. D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Moon, JH (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. EM kj_lee@korea.ac.kr RI Lee, Kyung-Jin/B-4431-2010; Lee, Hyun-Woo/B-8995-2008; Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012; Kim, Kyoung-Whan/E-5582-2015; OI Lee, Kyung-Jin/0000-0001-6269-2266; Lee, Hyun-Woo/0000-0002-1648-8093; Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; Kim, Kyoung-Whan/0000-0002-1382-7088; McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X FU NRF [2011-028163, NRF-2013R1A2A2A01013188]; MEST Pioneer Research Center Program [2011-0027905]; KU-KIST School Joint Research Program FX This work was supported by the NRF (2011-028163, NRF-2013R1A2A2A01013188), the MEST Pioneer Research Center Program (2011-0027905), and the KU-KIST School Joint Research Program. NR 53 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 48 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 4 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 18 AR 184404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.184404 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246AJ UT WOS:000326507400006 ER PT J AU Bigford, TE AF Bigford, Thomas E. TI Scary Numbers SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bigford, TE (reprint author), NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Thomas.bigford@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD NOV 4 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 10 BP 432 EP 432 PG 1 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 236PI UT WOS:000325810800018 ER PT J AU Link, JS AF Link, Jason S. TI Ecosystem Approaches to Fisheries: A Global Perspective SO FISHERIES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Link, Jason S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Link, JS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD NOV 4 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 10 BP 463 EP 463 DI 10.1080/03632415.2013.851556 PG 1 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 236PI UT WOS:000325810800010 ER PT J AU Bigford, TE AF Bigford, Thomas E. TI Scary Numbers SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Habitat Conservat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bigford, TE (reprint author), NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Habitat Conservat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Thomas.bigford@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD NOV 4 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 10 DI 10.1080/03632415.2013.836502 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 236PI UT WOS:000325810800004 ER PT J AU Key, PB Simonik, E Kish, N Chung, KW Fulton, MH AF Key, Peter B. Simonik, Elizabeth Kish, Nicole Chung, Katy W. Fulton, Michael H. TI Differences in response of two model estuarine crustaceans after lethal and sublethal exposures to chlorpyrifos SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE Acetylcholinesterase; shrimp; mysid; in vitro toxicity; in vivo toxicity; chlorpyrifos ID SHRIMP PALAEMONETES-PUGIO; CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; GRASS SHRIMP; FRESH-WATER; AVOIDANCE-BEHAVIOR; IN-VITRO; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; TOXICITY; INVERTEBRATES; DIMETHOATE AB This study assessed the in vitro and in vivo effects of an acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibitor (chlorpyrifos) in two estuarine crustaceans: grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) and mysid (Americamysis bahia). The differences in response were quantified after lethal and sublethal exposures to chlorpyrifos and in vitro assays with chlorpyrifos-oxon. Results from the in vitro experiments indicated that the target enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), in the two species was similar in sensitivity to chlorpyrifos inhibition with IC50s of 0.98nM and 0.89nM for grass shrimp and mysids, respectively. In vivo experiments showed that mysids were significantly more sensitive to chlorpyrifos-induced AChE inhibition after 24 h of exposure. The in vivo EC50s for AChE inhibition were 1.23g L-1 for grass shrimp and 0.027g L-1 for mysids. Median lethal concentrations (24h LC50 values) were 1.06g L-1 for grass shrimp and 0.068g L-1 for mysids. The results suggest that differences in the response of these two crustaceans are likely related to differences in uptake and metabolism rather than target site sensitivity. C1 [Key, Peter B.; Chung, Katy W.; Fulton, Michael H.] Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Simonik, Elizabeth] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Kish, Nicole] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Key, PB (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM pete.key@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PD NOV 2 PY 2013 VL 48 IS 11 BP 967 EP 973 DI 10.1080/03601234.2013.816603 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 210EP UT WOS:000323812400009 PM 23998309 ER PT J AU Long, WC Whitefleet-Smith, L AF Long, William Christopher Whitefleet-Smith, Laura TI Cannibalism in red king crab: Habitat, ontogeny, and the predator functional response SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Density dependent; Functional response; Habitat complexity; Predation; Predator size; Red king crabs ID PARALITHODES-CAMTSCHATICUS TILESIUS; DENSITY-DEPENDENT PREDATION; JUVENILE BLUE CRABS; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; STOCK ENHANCEMENT; PREY INTERACTIONS; FORAGING SUCCESS; ALTERNATIVE PREY AB The red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus, stock in the Gulf of Alaska crashed in the early 1980s. Stock enhancement has been proposed as a potential means of restoration. As predation is likely the most important source of mortality for juvenile crabs, understanding the predator prey dynamics of the system is an essential consideration when designing release strategies to maximize survival. In this study, we determined the predator functional response of year-1 and year-2 juvenile red king crabs feeding on newly settled year-0 crabs in sand habitat and macroalgae mimic habitat. The predator functional response describes how the predation rate varies with prey density and can be linear and partially destabilizing (Type I), inversely density-dependent and destabilizing (Type II), or density-dependent and stabilizing (Type III). Year-1 predators exhibited a Type II functional response in sand and Type I in macroalgae mimic. Year-2 predators exhibited a Type I functional response in sand and Type III in macroalgae mimic. Predation rates were generally lower for year-1 predators and lower in macroalgae mimic habitats. Year-2 crabs were highly efficient predators in sand, but the reduction in predation with the addition of structure was much greater than for year-1 crabs, indicating that the smaller predators are less inhibited than larger crabs by structured habitat when foraging. Prey crabs in the macroalgae mimic habitat exhibit no net movement from sand onto macroalgae in response to predation pressure. Prey use of macroalgae mimic was highest at intermediate prey densities. This work shows that the functional response can vary both quantitatively and qualitatively, with habitat type and predator size indicating ontogenetic changes in foraging efficiency in different habitats. Further, it suggests that stock-enhancement releases should be at low densities in complex habitat, and possibly should occur every other year to minimize loss to predation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Long, William Christopher; Whitefleet-Smith, Laura] NOAA, Kodiak Lab, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Long, WC (reprint author), NOAA, Kodiak Lab, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, 301 Res Ct, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM chris.long@noaa.gov; lwhitefleetsmith@une.edu RI Long, William/C-7074-2009; OI Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245; Whitefleet-Smith, Laura/0000-0003-3130-2821 FU NOAA Hollings Scholarship Program FX We thank the Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery, K. Swiney, A. Emily, S. VanSant, J. Hagga, R. Fields, S. Dresdow and the rest of the Kodiak Wet Lab team for help in rearing the crabs used in this experiment. We also thank K. Barnard for help in running the trials. LWS was funded through the NOAA Hollings Scholarship Program. Previous versions of this manuscript were improved by comments from J. Long, C. Conrath, F. Morado, R. Foy and two anonymous reviewers. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. [ST] NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 449 BP 142 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2013.09.004 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AF3YB UT WOS:000334647500020 ER PT J AU Roginsky, A Christensen, K Mostowfi, M AF Roginsky, Allen Christensen, Ken Mostowfi, Mehrgan TI Delay Behavior of On-Off Scheduling: Extending Idle Periods SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS & INFORMATION SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE On-off scheduling; system sleep; energy saving; communication systems ID ENERGY-EFFICIENT ETHERNET; PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORKS; SINGLE-SERVER QUEUE; SERVICE INTERRUPTIONS; BREAKDOWN; SUBJECT AB On-off scheduling of systems that have the ability to sleep can be used to extend system idle periods and enable greater opportunities for energy savings from sleeping. In this paper, we achieve a theoretical understanding of the delay behavior of on-off scheduling as it may apply to communications links and other systems capable of sleeping. We consider a single-server coalescing queue with a scheduler that schedules on-off periods for the server in order to extend idle periods of the downstream link. At the start of an off period (duration T-off) the server stops serving jobs immediately if idle, or after processing a job already in service. Service of any queued and arriving jobs begins at the start of the next on period (duration T-on). On and off periods are fixed. We solve for the scheduling queue behavior as a function of T-off, T-on, interarrival time t, service time x, and time of first arrival g for periodic job arrivals. Our results are closed form and have both theoretical and practical significance. C1 [Roginsky, Allen] NIST, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Christensen, Ken; Mostowfi, Mehrgan] Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Christensen, K (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM christen@csee.usf.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATURAL SCIENCES PUBLISHING CORP-NSP PI NEW YORK PA 19 W 34 ST, SUITE 1018, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 2325-0399 J9 APPL MATH INFORM SCI JI Appl. Math. Inf. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 7 IS 6 BP 2123 EP 2136 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA AA9AM UT WOS:000331386100003 ER PT J AU Laesecke, A Cousins, DS AF Laesecke, Arno Cousins, Dylan S. TI Wide-Ranging Viscosity Measurements of Rocket Propellant RP-2 SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; SOUND MEASUREMENTS; DENSITY; SPEED; VARIABILITY; FUELS; JET AB Expanding on earlier viscosity measurements of rocket propellants from 293 to 373 K at atmospheric pressure, the viscosity of rocket propellant RP-2 was measured from 270 to 425 K with pressures to 137 MPa. The instrument was an oscillating-piston viscometer, modified and recalibrated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology with dodecane as a reference fluid over the full temperature and pressure range. Based on the recalibrations, the repeatability of the measurements was found to be approximately 3%, whereas the uncertainty of the instrument is estimated at 5%. The measured viscosities of RP-2 were compared with values calculated with a five-component surrogate mixture model developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The experimental data have a stronger pressure dependence than the mixture model and are up to 29% higher at high compressions. C1 [Laesecke, Arno; Cousins, Dylan S.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Expt Properties Fluids Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Laesecke, A (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Expt Properties Fluids Grp, 325 Broadway Mail Stop 647-07, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [MIPR-F1SBAA0138G001]; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Professional Research Experience Program (PREP) FX The financial support of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (MIPR-F1SBAA0138G001) is gratefully acknowledged. Dylan Cousins was supported through an undergraduate fellowship in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Professional Research Experience Program (PREP). We thank our NIST colleague Stephanie Outcalt for allowing us to use a high-pressure syringe pump in the experimental setup. Thanks are also due to our NIST engineering technicians, Mike Rybowiak and Bob Gomez, for invaluable help with the experimental setup and with calibrations. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1323 EP 1327 DI 10.2514/1.B34941 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AA8VB UT WOS:000331372000008 ER PT J AU De Carlo, EH Arvidson, RS Chou, L Sabine, CL Luther, GW AF De Carlo, Eric Heinen Arvidson, Rolf S. Chou, Lei Sabine, Christopher L. Luther, George W. TI Fred T. Mackenzie: Gentleman, Scholar, Mountaineer and Model Colleague SO AQUATIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [De Carlo, Eric Heinen] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Arvidson, Rolf S.] Univ Bremen, Fachbereich Geowissensch FB5, MARUM, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Chou, Lei] Univ Libre Brussels, Dept Sci Terre & Environm, Serv Biogeochim & Modelisat Syst Terre Oceanog Ch, Brussels, Belgium. [Sabine, Christopher L.] NOAA, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Luther, George W.] Univ Delaware, Coll Earth Ocean & Environm, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. RP De Carlo, EH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM edecarlo@soest.hawaii.edu RI Luther, III, George/A-6384-2008 OI Luther, III, George/0000-0002-0780-885X NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1380-6165 EI 1573-1421 J9 AQUAT GEOCHEM JI Aquat. Geochem. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 19 IS 5-6 BP 347 EP 351 DI 10.1007/s10498-013-9221-8 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AA3HA UT WOS:000330982300001 ER PT J AU Drupp, PS De Carlo, EH Mackenzie, FT Sabine, CL Feely, RA Shamberger, KE AF Drupp, Patrick S. De Carlo, Eric Heinen Mackenzie, Fred T. Sabine, Christopher L. Feely, Richard A. Shamberger, Kathryn E. TI Comparison of CO2 Dynamics and Air-Sea Gas Exchange in Differing Tropical Reef Environments SO AQUATIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; Alkalinity; Gas exchange; Coral reefs; Tropical ID SOUTHERN KANEOHE BAY; CORAL-REEF; CARBON-DIOXIDE; STORM RUNOFF; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; ICE CORE; HAWAII; WATER; OCEAN; TEMPERATURE AB An array of MAPCO(2) buoys, CRIMP-2, Ala Wai, and Kilo Nalu, deployed in the coastal waters of Hawaii, have produced multi-year high temporal resolution CO2 records in three different coral reef environments off the island of Oahu, Hawaii. This study, which includes data from June 2008 to December 2011, is part of an integrated effort to understand the factors that influence the dynamics of CO2-carbonic acid system parameters in waters surrounding Pacific high-island coral reef ecosystems and subject to differing natural and anthropogenic stresses. The MAPCO(2) buoys are located on the Kaneohe Bay backreef, and fringing reef sites on the south shore of Oahu, Hawaii. The buoys measure CO2 and O-2 in seawater and in the atmosphere at 3-h intervals, as well as other physical and biogeochemical parameters (conductivity, temperature, depth, chlorophyll- a, and turbidity). The buoy records, combined with data from synoptic spatial sampling, have allowed us to examine the interplay between biological cycles of productivity/ respiration and calcification/dissolution and biogeochemical and physical forcings on hourly to inter-annual time scales. Air-sea CO2 gas exchange was also calculated to determine whether the locations were sources or sinks of CO2 over seasonal, annual, and interannual time periods. Net annualized fluxes for CRIMP-2, Ala Wai, and Kilo Nalu over the entire study period were 1.15, 0.045, and -0.0056 mol C m(-2) year(-1), respectively, where positive values indicate a source or a CO2 flux from the water to the atmosphere, and negative values indicate a sink or flux of CO2 from the atmosphere into the water. These values are of similar magnitude to previous estimates in Kaneohe Bay as well as those reported from other tropical reef environments. Total alkalinity (A(T)) was measured in conjunction with pCO(2), and the carbonic acid system was calculated to compare with other reef systems and open ocean values around Hawaii. These findings emphasize the need for high-resolution data of multiple parameters when attempting to characterize the carbonic acid system in locations of highly variable physical, chemical, and biological parameters (e.g., coastal systems and reefs). C1 [Drupp, Patrick S.; De Carlo, Eric Heinen; Mackenzie, Fred T.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Sabine, Christopher L.; Feely, Richard A.] NOAA, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Shamberger, Kathryn E.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Drupp, PS (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM drupp@hawaii.edu RI Shamberger, Kathryn/C-9531-2014; OI Shamberger, Kathryn/0000-0002-2927-3657; Drupp, Patrick/0000-0001-5758-0702 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [R/IR-3]; University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program; SOEST; NOAA Office of Sea Grant [NA09OAR4170060]; Department of Commerce; MAP-CO2 monitoring program; UNIHI-Sea Grant [JC-12-28]; SOEST [8958] FX The authors would like to thank the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB), including Dr. Jo Ann Leong, director of HIMB, and her support staff of Jim Lakey, Stan Ige, Fritz King, and Darren Oshiro. Our work in Kaneohe Bay could not have been completed without their ongoing help and cooperation, as well as the assistance of the engineering and technical personnel at NOAA/PMEL, in particular Stacy Maenner-Jones, Hendrick Miller, Sylvia Musielewicz, and Noah Lawrence-Slavas. We would also like to thank Jeff Jaegger, Jason Jones, and Robert Thompson for their assistance with boat operations and sample analysis as well as the two reviewers whose comments substantially improved this manuscript. This work was supported in part by a grant/cooperative agreement from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Project R/IR-3, which is sponsored by the University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program, SOEST, under Institutional Grant No. NA09OAR4170060 from NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. Funding was also provided by Pac-IOOS in support of the MAP-CO2 monitoring program. This is UNIHI-Sea Grant Contribution JC-12-28 and SOEST Contribution No. 8958. NR 70 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1380-6165 EI 1573-1421 J9 AQUAT GEOCHEM JI Aquat. Geochem. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 19 IS 5-6 BP 371 EP 397 DI 10.1007/s10498-013-9214-7 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AA3HA UT WOS:000330982300003 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, SE Baker, ET German, CR Maffei, A AF Beaulieu, Stace E. Baker, Edward T. German, Christopher R. Maffei, Andrew TI An authoritative global database for active submarine hydrothermal vent fields SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE hydrothermal vent; deep-sea vent; hydrothermal activity; Drupal ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; FLOOR MASSIVE SULFIDES; DEEP-SEA; SPREADING CENTER; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; CRITICAL-POINT; INDIAN RIDGE; CAYMAN RISE; PACIFIC; ARC AB The InterRidge Vents Database is available online as the authoritative reference for locations of active submarine hydrothermal vent fields. Here we describe the revision of the database to an open source content management system and conduct a meta-analysis of the global distribution of known active vent fields. The number of known active vent fields has almost doubled in the past decade (521 as of year 2009), with about half visually confirmed and others inferred active from physical and chemical clues. Although previously known mainly from mid-ocean ridges (MORs), active vent fields at MORs now comprise only half of the total known, with about a quarter each now known at volcanic arcs and back-arc spreading centers. Discoveries in arc and back-arc settings resulted in an increase in known vent fields within exclusive economic zones, consequently reducing the proportion known in high seas to one third. The increase in known vent fields reflects a number of factors, including increased national and commercial interests in seafloor hydrothermal deposits as mineral resources. The purpose of the database now extends beyond academic research and education and into marine policy and management, with at least 18% of known vent fields in areas granted or pending applications for mineral prospecting and 8% in marine protected areas. C1 [Beaulieu, Stace E.; German, Christopher R.; Maffei, Andrew] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Baker, Edward T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Beaulieu, SE (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, 266 Woods Hole Rd,Mail Stop 7, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM stace@whoi.edu RI Beaulieu, Stace/C-8526-2013 OI Beaulieu, Stace/0000-0002-2609-5453 FU National Science Foundation [OCE08-38923, GeoEd12-02977]; Earth-Ocean Interactions; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement [NA10OAR4320148]; WHOI FX We thank M. Hannington and S. Petersen for contributing spreadsheets of vent fields for incorporation into Version 2.0 of the database and P. Dando and C. de Ronde for additional improvements to Version 2.1. We also thank P. Crowhurst for checking the listings for Tonga, PNG, and Fiji. Support to compile the database was provided by InterRidge. For the upload of the database into Drupal 6, we thank J. Dusenberry at WHOI and D. Milton and D. Perry at NOCS. For support to prepare this manuscript, we thank the National Science Foundation (OCE08-38923, GeoEd12-02977), the NOAA Vents (now Earth-Ocean Interactions) Program and the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, and WHOI. PMEL contribution 4026, JISAO contribution 2146. NR 60 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 6 U2 50 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 14 IS 11 BP 4892 EP 4905 DI 10.1002/2013GC004998 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 301KT UT WOS:000330531900011 ER PT J AU Moreland, J Nakashima, Y Alldredge, JW Zabow, G AF Moreland, John Nakashima, Yoshihiro Alldredge, Jacob W. Zabow, Gary TI Novel methods for in situ characterization of individual micro- and nanoscale magnetic particles SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SUSCEPTIBILITY ARTIFACTS; CONTRAST AGENTS; SPIN-ECHO; SIMULATION; BIOSENSORS; SPHERES; FIELDS; MODEL AB New instrumentation is being developed to better understand the in vivo properties of magnetic particles suspended in solution or lodged in tissue. We describe three novel methods with the necessary sensitivity to measure the microscopic magnetic properties of individual magnetic particles and complexes quantitatively. The first method is based on proton nuclear magnetic resonance of a magnetic particle suspended in water in a microcapillary probe; the second method uses high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of water surrounding a magnetic particle; and the third method is based on AC susceptometry with a magnetic cantilever that combines magnetic particle imaging concepts with probe microscopy. We present the physical basis for the measurements, estimate sensitivity limits, and discuss future impacts on the development of magnetic particles for bioimaging and bioassays. C1 [Moreland, John] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Microsyst Project, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Nakashima, Yoshihiro; Alldredge, Jacob W.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Zabow, Gary] NINDS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Moreland, J (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Microsyst Project, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM moreland@boulder.nist.gov; yoshihiro.nakashima@nist.gov; alldredg@boulder.nist.gov; zabowg@mail.nih.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0883-7694 EI 1938-1425 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 38 IS 11 BP 933 EP 937 DI 10.1557/mrs.2013.258 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 298SU UT WOS:000330345500020 ER PT J AU Strazzo, S Elsner, JB Larow, T Halperin, DJ Zhao, M AF Strazzo, Sarah Elsner, James B. LaRow, Timothy Halperin, Daniel J. Zhao, Ming TI Observed versus GCM-Generated Local Tropical Cyclone Frequency: Comparisons Using a Spatial Lattice SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Tropics; Model comparison; Model evaluation; performance ID ATLANTIC HURRICANES; CIRCULATION MODEL; CLIMATE MODEL; GLOBAL-MODEL; SIMULATIONS; ATMOSPHERE; INTENSITY; DISTURBANCES; CYCLOGENESIS; REANALYSES AB Of broad scientific and public interest is the reliability of global climate models (GCMs) to simulate future regional and local tropical cyclone (TC) occurrences. Atmospheric GCMs are now able to generate vortices resembling actual TCs, but questions remain about their fidelity to observed TCs. Here the authors demonstrate a spatial lattice approach for comparing actual with simulated TC occurrences regionally using observed TCs from the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) dataset and GCM-generated TCs from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) High Resolution Atmospheric Model (HiRAM) and Florida State University (FSU) Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies (COAPS) model over the common period 1982-2008. Results show that the spatial distribution of TCs generated by the GFDL model compares well with observations globally, although there are areas of over- and underprediction, particularly in parts of the Pacific Ocean. Difference maps using the spatial lattice highlight these discrepancies. Additionally, comparisons focusing on the North Atlantic Ocean basin are made. Results confirm a large area of overprediction by the FSU COAPS model in the south-central portion of the basin. Relevant to projections of future U.S. hurricane activity is the fact that both models underpredict TC activity in the Gulf of Mexico. C1 [Strazzo, Sarah; Elsner, James B.; LaRow, Timothy; Halperin, Daniel J.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Zhao, Ming] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Strazzo, S (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Geog, 113 Collegiate Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM ses09e@fsu.edu RI Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014; OI Strazzo, Sarah/0000-0003-1332-3135 FU Risk Prediction Initiative of the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences FX Financial support for this research was provided by the Risk Prediction Initiative of the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences. The authors also acknowledge Kevin Walsh, who provided useful comments and suggestions during a US CLIVAR review of the paper. We are also grateful for the feedback from two anonymous reviewers. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 26 IS 21 BP 8257 EP 8268 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00808.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 296OF UT WOS:000330193800002 ER PT J AU Mahoney, K Alexander, M Scott, JD Barsugli, J AF Mahoney, Kelly Alexander, Michael Scott, James D. Barsugli, Joseph TI High-Resolution Downscaled Simulations of Warm-Season Extreme Precipitation Events in the Colorado Front Range under Past and Future Climates SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Extreme events; Climate change; Convective storms; Mesoscale models; Model evaluation; performance; Regional models ID AMERICAN REGIONAL REANALYSIS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; COMPLEX TERRAIN; NUMERICAL-MODEL; DIURNAL CYCLE; CONVECTION; SCALE; SENSITIVITY; MESOSCALE; FLOOD AB A high-resolution case-based approach for dynamically downscaling climate model data is presented. Extreme precipitation events are selected from regional climate model (RCM) simulations of past and future time periods. Each event is further downscaled using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to storm scale (1.3-km grid spacing). The high-resolution downscaled simulations are used to investigate changes in extreme precipitation projections from a past to a future climate period, as well as how projected precipitation intensity and distribution differ between the RCM scale (50-km grid spacing) and the local scale (1.3-km grid spacing). Three independent RCM projections are utilized as initial and boundary conditions to the downscaled simulations, and the results reveal considerable spread in projected changes not only among the RCMs but also in the downscaled high-resolution simulations. However, even when the RCM projections show an overall (i.e., spatially averaged) decrease in the intensity of extreme events, localized maxima in the high-resolution simulations of extreme events can remain as strong or even increase. An ingredients-based analysis of prestorm instability, moisture, and forcing for ascent illustrates that while instability and moisture tend to increase in the future simulations at both regional and local scales, local forcing, synoptic dynamics, and terrain-relative winds are quite variable. Nuanced differences in larger-scale and mesoscale dynamics are a key determinant in each event's resultant precipitation. Very high-resolution dynamical downscaling enables a more detailed representation of extreme precipitation events and their relationship to their surrounding environments with fewer parameterization-based uncertainties and provides a framework for diagnosing climate model errors. C1 Univ Colorado, NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Mahoney, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, 325 Broadway,R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kelly.mahoney@noaa.gov RI Barsugli, Joseph/K-3541-2015; Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI Barsugli, Joseph/0000-0002-3078-6396; Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 FU Postdocs Applying Climate Expertise (PACE) Fellowship Program; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; Western Water Assessment; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES); NSF; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); NOAA; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development (EPA) FX This research was supported by the Postdocs Applying Climate Expertise (PACE) Fellowship Program, administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, jointly funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, and the Western Water Assessment, and also jointly by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES). Dr. Gary Lackmann of North Carolina State University is acknowledged for providing valuable comments on the manuscript, and the expertise and input of Dr. Mimi Hughes is also appreciated. The thoughtful insight and suggestions of three anonymous reviewers have significantly strengthened this work. We acknowledge NCAR and the National Science Foundation (NSF) for the availability of the WRF Model and NCL software. We also wish to thank the NARCCAP project for providing the RCM data used in this paper. NARCCAP is funded by the NSF, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), NOAA, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development (EPA). Gratitude is extended to the NOAA Jet and Zeus computing systems for providing computer resources for this work. NR 86 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 26 IS 21 BP 8671 EP 8689 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00744.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 296OF UT WOS:000330193800026 ER PT J AU Alexander, MA Scott, JD Mahoney, K Barsugli, J AF Alexander, Michael A. Scott, James D. Mahoney, Kelly Barsugli, Joseph TI Greenhouse Gas-Induced Changes in Summer Precipitation over Colorado in NARCCAP Regional Climate Models SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE North America; Precipitation; Climate change; Humidity; Climate models; Mesoscale models ID SOUTHWESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; SIMULATIONS; PROJECTIONS; REANALYSIS; RESOLUTION AB Precipitation changes between 32-yr periods in the late twentieth and mid-twenty-first centuries are investigated using regional climate model simulations provided by the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP). The simulations generally indicate drier summers in the future over most of Colorado and the border regions of the adjoining states. The decrease in precipitation occurs despite an increase in the surface specific humidity. The domain-averaged decrease in daily summer precipitation occurs in all of the models from the 50th through the 95th percentile, but without a clear agreement on the sign of change for the most extreme (top 1% of) events. C1 [Alexander, Michael A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Scott, James D.; Mahoney, Kelly; Barsugli, Joseph] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Scott, James D.; Mahoney, Kelly; Barsugli, Joseph] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Alexander, MA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, R PSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM michael.alexander@noaa.gov RI Barsugli, Joseph/K-3541-2015; Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI Barsugli, Joseph/0000-0002-3078-6396; Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation FX We thank the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation for their scientific interest and financial support for this project. We also wish to thank Linda Mearns, Seth McGinnis, and Melissa Bukovsky from the NARCCAP project for providing the RCM data and for guidance in how to best use it and Ben Livneh for providing the gridded precipitation data. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 26 IS 21 BP 8690 EP 8697 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00088.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 296OF UT WOS:000330193800027 ER PT J AU Thomson, J D'Asaro, EA Cronin, MF Rogers, WE Harcourt, RR Shcherbina, A AF Thomson, J. D'Asaro, E. A. Cronin, M. F. Rogers, W. E. Harcourt, R. R. Shcherbina, A. TI Waves and the equilibrium range at Ocean Weather Station P SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE waves; equilibrium; wind stress ID DOPPLER-VELOCIMETER DATA; SEA-SURFACE ROUGHNESS; WIND STRESS; DRAG COEFFICIENT; GRAVITY-WAVES; DISSIPATION; SPECTRA; FLUX; DEPENDENCE; STEEPNESS AB Wave and wind measurements at Ocean Weather Station P (OWS-P, 50 degrees N 145 degrees W) are used to evaluate the equilibrium range of surface wave energy spectra. Observations are consistent with a local balance between wind input and breaking dissipation, as described by Philips (1985). The measurements include direct covariance wind stress estimates and wave breaking dissipation rate estimates during a 3 week research cruise to OWS-P. The analysis is extended to a wider range of conditions using observations of wave energy spectra and wind speed during a 2 year mooring deployment at OWS-P. At moderate wind speeds (5-15 m/s), mooring wave spectra are in agreement, within 5% uncertainty, with the forcing implied by standard drag laws and mooring wind measurements. At high wind speeds (>15 m/s), mooring wave spectra are biased low, by 13%, relative to the forcing implied by standard drag laws and mooring wind measurements. Deviations from equilibrium are associated with directionality and variations at the swell frequencies. A spectral wave hindcast accurately reproduces the mooring observations, and is used to examine the wind input. C1 [Thomson, J.; D'Asaro, E. A.; Harcourt, R. R.; Shcherbina, A.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Cronin, M. F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Rogers, W. E.] Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Thomson, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM jthomson@apl.uw.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0850551, OCE-0960778] FX Joe Talbert (APL-UW) designed and built the waverider mooring, with guidance from Christian Meinig (PMEL-NOAA) and assistance from Alex deKlerk (APL-UW) and Stephanie Downey (APL-UW). Marie Roberts (IOS Canada) and the crew of the R/V Tully deployed the original mooring. Julie Thomas and Grant Cameron (CDIP-SIO) provided the waverider data telemetry and data archiving. Wind data were provided by the PMEL-NOAA Ocean Climate Stations group, with assistance from Keith Ronnholm. The crew of the R/V New Horizon (SIO) helped with the October 2012 mooring turnaround. Michael Schwendeman (APL-UW) and Johannes Gemmrich (U. Victoria) have contributed many discussions on equilibrium waves. Two anonymous reviewers improved the analysis and discussion of results. Funding was provided the National Science Foundation (OCE-0850551 and OCE-0960778). NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV PY 2013 VL 118 IS 11 BP 5951 EP 5962 DI 10.1002/2013JC008837 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 291YD UT WOS:000329867900007 ER PT J AU Lavelle, JW Di Iorio, D Rona, P AF Lavelle, J. W. Di Iorio, Daniela Rona, Peter TI A turbulent convection model with an observational context for a deep-sea hydrothermal plume in a time-variable cross flow SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE buoyant plume; convection model; time-variable cross flow; stratification; turbulence ID FUCA RIDGE; HEAT-FLUX; ENDEAVOR SEGMENT; BUOYANT PLUMES; VENT FIELD; OCEAN; JUAN; JETS; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION AB A turbulent convection model for a hydrothermal fluid discharging into a tidally modulated, stratified cross flow is used to investigate time-variable conditions in plumes, such as the one rising from Dante, a sulfide mound at approximate to 2175 m depth on the Endeavour segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. That plume is the consequence of the coalescence of 10 or more small, individual plumes from chimneys discharging hot, salt-diminished fluid into the near-bottom ocean. At Dante, the discharge encounters ambient horizontal currents with speeds oscillating from near zero to a maximum of approximate to 7 cm s(-1), speeds which can bend a plume more than 45 degrees from the vertical. Model results are compatible with field measurements of the plume footprint size and vertical velocity both 20 m above the source when earlier estimates for Dante's heat flux of approximate to 50 MW drive the convection. The small-scale short period variability of velocities and properties distributions observed in the field is mimicked in model results. Plumes pool above a source during periods of weak cross flows but stream away from the source, with more diluted concentrations and lower rise heights, at other times. Plume distributions, at identical cross-flow speeds, differ whether the flow is accelerating or decelerating. Small changes in background hydrographic profiles create differences in rise heights comparable to those caused by large changes in source buoyancy flux. If put into an entrainment context, results suggest an entrainment coefficient ((EFF)) that varies from approximate to 0.11 to approximate to 0.025 with increasing height (2-76 m) above the source. C1 [Lavelle, J. W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Di Iorio, Daniela] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Rona, Peter] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Rona, Peter] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Lavelle, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM j.william.lavelle@lavelle-associates.org FU NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA's VENTS program; NSF under the CAREER grant [OCE0449578]; NSF [OTIC 0825088, OCE 1234141] FX We thank G. Xu of Rutgers University for creating Figure 3 using COVIS data and R. Light and M. Kenney of the Applied Physics Laboratory at the University of Washington for the engineering design and implementation of COVIS that make that image possible. Two anonymous reviewers are thanked for their constructive comments. J. W. Lavelle's work has been supported by the NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory and by NOAA's VENTS program. D. D. has been supported by NSF under the CAREER grant OCE0449578. P. R. acknowledges support from NSF grants OTIC 0825088 and OCE 1234141. The freeware tool Ferret was used for the analyses and graphing of data. PMEL contribution 4000. NR 60 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV PY 2013 VL 118 IS 11 BP 6145 EP 6160 DI 10.1002/2013JC009165 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 291YD UT WOS:000329867900020 ER PT J AU Beletsky, D Hawley, N Rao, YR AF Beletsky, Dmitry Hawley, Nathan Rao, Yerubandi R. TI Modeling summer circulation and thermal structure of Lake Erie SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE circulation; Lake Erie; thermal structure ID WIND-DRIVEN CIRCULATION; GREAT-LAKES; CYCLONIC CIRCULATION; MEAN CIRCULATION; CENTRAL BASIN; MICHIGAN; CURRENTS; SYSTEM; STRATIFICATION; TRANSPORT AB A three-dimensional primitive equation numerical model was applied to Lake Erie on a 2 km grid to study its summer circulation and thermal structure. Model results were compared to long-term observations of currents and temperature made in 2005 at several locations, mostly in its central basin. In the shallow and mostly unstratified western basin circulation is driven by Detroit River inflow (modified to some extent by wind) and is from west to east. In the central basin (which is of intermediate depth and has a relatively flat bottom), the modeled circulation is anticyclonic (clockwise), driven by anticyclonic vorticity in the surface wind, and the thermocline is bowl-shaped, in line with observations. In the deep part of the eastern basin, the thermocline is dome-shaped and circulation is cyclonic (counter-clockwise), due to density gradients (a configuration typical for other large deep lakes), while shallower areas are occupied by anticyclonic circulation driven by anticyclonic wind vorticity. In the central basin, modeled temperature and circulation patterns are quite sensitive to the specification of the wind field. Anticyclonic wind vorticity leads to thinning of the hypolimnion in the central basin and earlier destratification in the fall. C1 [Beletsky, Dmitry] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, CILER, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Hawley, Nathan] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Rao, Yerubandi R.] Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Beletsky, D (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, CILER, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM beletsky@umich.edu OI Beletsky, Dmitry/0000-0003-4532-0588 FU NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research [NA07OAR432000]; NSF [1039043, 1313897, 0927643]; EPA GLRI via NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research [NA10NOS4780218] FX This material is based upon work supported by NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research grant NA07OAR432000, this publication is Ecofore Lake Erie 13-002. Additional support for D. Beletsky was provided by the NSF grants 1039043, 1313897 and 0927643, and by EPA GLRI via NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research, grant NA10NOS4780218. The field data were collected as part of a cooperative program between NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) and Environment Canada's National Water Research Institute (NWRI). We thank the personnel of GLERL's Marine Instrumentation Laboratory and NWRI's Technical Operations Division for preparing and downloading the instruments, the crews of the NOAA R/V Laurentian and the NWRI R/V Limnos for assistance deploying and retrieving the equipment, and T. Ford and A. Clites (GLERL), J. Zhao (NWRI) for assistance in analyzing the data. We thank D. Schwab (University of Michigan) and G. Lang (GLERL) for providing tributary flows in 2004-2005, S. Ruberg (GLERL) for providing current data, and R. Beletsky (University of Michigan) for producing significant portion of graphics. We thank two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the paper. This is GLERL contribution 1685. NR 59 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV PY 2013 VL 118 IS 11 BP 6238 EP 6252 DI 10.1002/2013JC008854 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 291YD UT WOS:000329867900025 ER PT J AU Melet, A Nikurashin, M Muller, C Falahat, S Nycander, J Timko, PG Arbic, BK Goff, JA AF Melet, Angelique Nikurashin, Maxim Muller, Caroline Falahat, S. Nycander, Jonas Timko, Patrick G. Arbic, Brian K. Goff, John A. TI Internal tide generation by abyssal hills using analytical theory SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE internal waves; internal tide generation; linear wave theory; small-scale topography; ocean mixing ID SEA-FLOOR MORPHOLOGY; DEEP-OCEAN; OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; ROUGH TOPOGRAPHY; ALTIMETER DATA; WAVES; RIDGE; DISSIPATION; CONVERSION AB Internal tide driven mixing plays a key role in sustaining the deep ocean stratification and meridional overturning circulation. Internal tides can be generated by topographic horizontal scales ranging from hundreds of meters to tens of kilometers. State of the art topographic products barely resolve scales smaller than approximate to 10 km in the deep ocean. On these scales abyssal hills dominate ocean floor roughness. The impact of abyssal hill roughness on internal-tide generation is evaluated in this study. The conversion of M-2 barotropic to baroclinic tidal energy is calculated based on linear wave theory both in real and spectral space using the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission SRTM30_PLUS bathymetric product at 1/120 degrees resolution with and without the addition of synthetic abyssal hill roughness. Internal tide generation by abyssal hills integrates to 0.1 TW globally or 0.03 TW when the energy flux is empirically corrected for supercritical slope (i.e., approximate to 10% of the energy flux due to larger topographic scales resolved in standard products in both cases). The abyssal hill driven energy conversion is dominated by mid-ocean ridges, where abyssal hill roughness is large. Focusing on two regions located over the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the East Pacific Rise, it is shown that regionally linear theory predicts an increase of the energy flux due to abyssal hills of up to 100% or 60% when an empirical correction for supercritical slopes is attempted. Therefore, abyssal hills, unresolved in state of the art topographic products, can have a strong impact on internal tide generation, especially over mid-ocean ridges. C1 [Melet, Angelique] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Nikurashin, Maxim] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Muller, Caroline] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Hydrodynam, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Falahat, S.; Nycander, Jonas] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Timko, Patrick G.] Bangor Univ, Ctr Appl Marine Sci, Menai Bridge, Gwynedd, Wales. [Arbic, Brian K.] Bangor Univ, Ctr Appl Marine Sci, Menai Bridge, Gwynedd, Wales. [Goff, John A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX USA. RP Melet, A (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton Univ Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM amelet@princeton.edu RI Nikurashin, Maxim/J-3506-2013; OI Arbic, Brian K/0000-0002-7969-2294 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0968721, OCE-096878, OCE-0924481]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA08OAR4320752]; University of Texas Jackson School of Geosciences Development grant; Naval Research Laboratory [N000173-06-2-C003]; Office of Naval Research grants [N00014-07-1-0392, N00014-09-1-1003, N00014-11-1-0487] FX The authors would like to thank three anonymous reviewers as well as Sonya Legg for helpful comments leading to improvements in the manuscript. They also acknowledge the use of the SOSIE software for interpolation of data. The work of AM and BKA on this paper is a component of the Internal-wave driven mixing Climate Process Team funded by National Science Foundation grants OCE-0968721 and OCE-096878 and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, award NA08OAR4320752. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the U.S. Department of Commerce. BKA, PGT, and JAG also acknowledge support from a University of Texas Jackson School of Geosciences Development grant, Naval Research Laboratory contract N000173-06-2-C003, Office of Naval Research grants N00014-07-1-0392, N00014-09-1-1003, and N00014-11-1-0487, and National Science Foundation grant OCE-0924481. NR 58 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV PY 2013 VL 118 IS 11 BP 6303 EP 6318 DI 10.1002/2013JC009212 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 291YD UT WOS:000329867900029 ER PT J AU Clilverd, MA Cobbett, N Rodger, CJ Brundell, JB Denton, MH Hartley, DP Rodriguez, JV Danskin, D Raita, T Spanswick, EL AF Clilverd, Mark A. Cobbett, Neil Rodger, Craig J. Brundell, James B. Denton, Michael H. Hartley, David P. Rodriguez, Juan V. Danskin, Donald Raita, Tero Spanswick, Emma L. TI Energetic electron precipitation characteristics observed from Antarctica during a flux dropout event SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE energetic electron precipitation; Antarctica; flux dropout event ID OUTER RADIATION BELT; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; VLF; ACCELERATION; ELF AB Data from two autonomous VLF radio receiver systems installed in a remote region of the Antarctic in 2012 is used to take advantage of the juxtaposition of the L=4.6 contour, and the Hawaii-Halley, Antarctica, great circle path as it passes over thick Antarctic ice shelf. The ice sheet conductivity leads to high sensitivity to changing D region conditions, and the quasi constant L shell highlights outer radiation belt processes. The ground-based instruments observed several energetic electron precipitation events over a moderately active 24 h period, during which the outer radiation belt electron flux declined at most energies and subsequently recovered. Combining the ground-based data with low and geosynchronous orbiting satellite observations on 27 February 2012, different driving mechanisms were observed for three precipitation events with clear signatures in phase space density and electron anisotropy. Comparison between flux measurements made by Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites (POES) in low Earth orbit and by the Antarctic instrumentation provides evidence of different cases of weak and strong diffusion into the bounce loss cone, helping to understand the physical mechanisms controlling the precipitation of energetic electrons into the atmosphere. Strong diffusion events occurred as the <600 keV fluxes began to recover as a result of adiabatic transport of electrons. One event appeared to have a factor of about 10 to 100 times more flux than was reported by POES, consistent with weak diffusion into the bounce loss cone. Two events had a factor of about 3 to 10 times more >30 keV flux than was reported by POES, more consistent with strong diffusion conditions. C1 [Clilverd, Mark A.; Cobbett, Neil] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Rodger, Craig J.; Brundell, James B.] Univ Otago, Dept Phys, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Denton, Michael H.; Hartley, David P.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster, England. [Rodriguez, Juan V.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rodriguez, Juan V.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Danskin, Donald] Nat Resources Canada, Geomagnet Lab, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Raita, Tero] Univ Oulu, Sodankyla Geophys Observ, Sodankyla, Finland. [Spanswick, Emma L.] Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. RP Clilverd, MA (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey NERC, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM macl@bas.ac.uk RI Brundell, James/F-3196-2013; Rodger, Craig/A-1501-2011; OI Brundell, James/0000-0002-8753-4720; Rodger, Craig/0000-0002-6770-2707; Hartley, David/0000-0001-8630-8054; Danskin, Donald/0000-0002-4968-9094; Denton, Michael/0000-0002-1748-3710 FU Natural Environmental Research Council under the Antarctic Funding Initiative [AFI/11/22]; New Zealand Marsden Fund; STFC [ST/I000801/1]; STFC PhD Studentship; GOES-R Risk Reduction Program FX M.A. C. and N.C.O. would like to acknowledge the important contributions from Nick Alford and Tom Stroud, particularly for their skill and assistance in building and deploying the Autonomous AARDDVARK systems. The authors would like to thank the Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) for providing the solar and geomagnetic data. The research leading to these results has received funding from the Natural Environmental Research Council under the Antarctic Funding Initiative (AFI/11/22). C.J.R. was supported by the New Zealand Marsden Fund. M. H. D. was supported by STFC grant ST/I000801/1 and D. H. was supported by a STFC PhD Studentship. And J.V.R. was supported by the GOES-R Risk Reduction Program. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 118 IS 11 BP 6921 EP 6935 DI 10.1002/2013JA019067 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 293SB UT WOS:000329992900011 ER PT J AU Hartley, DP Denton, MH Green, JC Onsager, TG Rodriguez, JV Singer, HJ AF Hartley, D. P. Denton, M. H. Green, J. C. Onsager, T. G. Rodriguez, J. V. Singer, H. J. TI Case studies of the impact of high-speed solar wind streams on the electron radiation belt at geosynchronous orbit: Flux, magnetic field, and phase space density SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiation belt; dropout; GEO; transport; phase space density; high-speed stream ID RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; ACCELERATION; MAGNETOSPHERE; LOSSES; TEMPERATURE; MECHANISMS; DEPENDENCE; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS AB Investigation of electron radiation belt dropouts has revealed the importance of a number of loss processes, yet there remains a lack of quantitative detail as to how these processes wax and wane between events. The overarching aim of this study is to address the issue of electron radiation belt dropouts. This is achieved using in situ observations at geostationary orbit from GOES-13 (pitch angle-resolved electron data and magnetic field measurements) to examine the outer electron radiation belt during three high-speed stream-driven storms. Analysis and interpretation are aided by calculation of the phase space density (PSD) as a function of the three adiabatic invariants. Our results confirm the importance of outward adiabatic transport as a mechanism for causing electron dropouts at geosynchronous orbit; however, study of the pitch angle distributions indicates that other loss mechanisms are also likely to be occurring during these high-speed solar wind stream (HSS)-driven storms. Two of the studied events exhibit similar evolutionary structure in their pitch angle distributions: (i) highly peaked distributions immediately prior to the dropout (ii) sharp transitions between peaked and isotropic and then subsequent butterfly distributions, and (iii) isotropic distributions at minimum flux shortly afterwards (dusk). We also address the difficulty in interpreting PSD calculations by comparing the T96 model magnetic field with that measured by GOES-13. Our results are intended as a first step in quantifying the timeline of events that occur in the radiation belts following the arrival of a HSSparticularly timely given the increase in HSS occurrence expected in the declining phase of the current solar cycle. C1 [Hartley, D. P.; Denton, M. H.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster LA1 4YB, Lancs, England. [Denton, M. H.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Green, J. C.; Onsager, T. G.; Rodriguez, J. V.; Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Rodriguez, J. V.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hartley, DP (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster LA1 4YB, Lancs, England. EM d.hartley1@lancaster.ac.uk OI Hartley, David/0000-0001-8630-8054 FU Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC); STFC [ST/I000801/1] FX Research at Lancaster is supported by a Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) studentship grant. M. H. Denton is supported by STFC grant ST/I000801/1. OMNI data were obtained from the GSFC/SPDF OMNIWeb interface at http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov. We thank Kyoto University for Dst index and SYM-H values and the National Geophysical Data Center for Kp index values. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 118 IS 11 BP 6964 EP 6979 DI 10.1002/2013JA018923 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 293SB UT WOS:000329992900015 ER PT J AU Gao, RS Thornberry, TD McLaughlin, RJ Fahey, DW AF Gao, R. S. Thornberry, T. D. McLaughlin, R. J. Fahey, D. W. TI Note: Compact, two-dimension translatable slit aperture SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB A compact, light-weight, two-dimension translatable slit aperture is described. The slit dimensions are scalable, allowing for wide application. With all metal construction, the device would be suitable for high temperature degassing and vacuum compatible. Alternatively, the main structure may be printed using a 3D printer for rapid prototyping and/or lighter weight. The precision of the slit movement is 0.014 mm. (c) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Gao, R. S.; Thornberry, T. D.; McLaughlin, R. J.; Fahey, D. W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Thornberry, T. D.; McLaughlin, R. J.; Fahey, D. W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Gao, RS (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway,R CSD6, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM rushan.gao@noaa.gov RI Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; McLaughlin, Richard/I-4386-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Thornberry, Troy/H-7106-2013 OI Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; FU NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program; NASA Radiation Sciences Program; NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program FX This research was supported by the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program, the NASA Radiation Sciences Program, and the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 84 IS 11 AR 116103 DI 10.1063/1.4829619 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 293OL UT WOS:000329982000066 PM 24289444 ER PT J AU Grutzik, SJ Gates, RS Gerbig, YB Smith, DT Cook, RF Zehnder, AT AF Grutzik, Scott J. Gates, Richard S. Gerbig, Yvonne B. Smith, Douglas T. Cook, Robert F. Zehnder, Alan T. TI Accurate spring constant calibration for very stiff atomic force microscopy cantilevers SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SILICON; FRACTURE; PROBES AB There are many atomic force microscopy (AFM) applications that rely on quantifying the force between the AFM cantilever tip and the sample. The AFM does not explicitly measure force, however, so in such cases knowledge of the cantilever stiffness is required. In most cases, the forces of interest are very small, thus compliant cantilevers are used. A number of methods have been developed that are well suited to measuring low stiffness values. However, in some cases a cantilever with much greater stiffness is required. Thus, a direct, traceable method for calibrating very stiff (approximately 200 N/m) cantilevers is presented here. The method uses an instrumented and calibrated nanoindenter to determine the stiffness of a reference cantilever. This reference cantilever is then used to measure the stiffness of a number of AFM test cantilevers. This method is shown to have much smaller uncertainty than previously proposed methods. An example application to fracture testing of nanoscale silicon beam specimens is included. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Grutzik, Scott J.; Zehnder, Alan T.] Cornell Univ, Field Theoret & Appl Mech, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Gates, Richard S.; Gerbig, Yvonne B.; Smith, Douglas T.; Cook, Robert F.] NIST, Nanomech Properties Grp, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zehnder, AT (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Field Theoret & Appl Mech, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM atz2@cornell.edu RI Smith, Douglas/I-4403-2016 OI Smith, Douglas/0000-0002-9358-3449 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CMMI-0856488, ECS-0335765]; NSF IGERT graduate traineeship in Nanoscale Control of Surfaces and Interfaces (NSF) [DGE-0654193]; National Science Foundation Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (MRSEC) program [DMR-1120296] FX This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant No. CMMI-0856488 and the NSF IGERT graduate traineeship in Nanoscale Control of Surfaces and Interfaces (NSF Grant No. DGE-0654193). It was performed in part at the Cornell NanoScale Facility, a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, which is supported by NSF Grant No. ECS-0335765, and made use of the X-ray diffraction facility of the Cornell Center for Materials Research (CCMR) with support from the National Science Foundation Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (MRSEC) program (DMR-1120296). The usage of the nanoindenter was completed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, MD. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 84 IS 11 AR 113706 DI 10.1063/1.4832978 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 293OL UT WOS:000329982000025 PM 24289403 ER PT J AU Yan, YG Martin, J Wong-Ng, W Green, M Tang, XF AF Yan, Y. G. Martin, J. Wong-Ng, W. Green, M. Tang, X. F. TI A temperature dependent screening tool for high throughput thermoelectric characterization of combinatorial films SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID THERMOPOWER MEASUREMENTS; GASEOUS HELIUM; SUPERCONDUCTORS; DISCREPANCY; LIBRARIES; NITROGEN AB Combinatorial metrology has evolved as a useful approach to rapidly determine the composition-structure- property relationships for solid solution systems in a far more efficient way than the traditional one composition at a time approach. The success of this method applied in thermoelectric (TE) research relies on screening tools to evaluate the TE properties for a combinatorial library. We report here on a thermoelectric screening tool capable of performing temperature dependent measurement of the Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity from 300 K to 800 K. The validity of the apparatus is demonstrated by screening the power factor of a filled skutterudite combinatorial film at room temperature and at elevated temperatures as well. The accuracy of the measurement is verified using the low temperature Seebeck coefficient Standard Reference Material (NIST SRM 3451) and a heavily doped SiGe specimen for high temperature comparison. Several important parameters, such as measurement atmosphere, film substrate, and probe configuration, are identified that directly affect the Seebeck coefficient measurement in this and other similar apparatus. (c) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Yan, Y. G.; Tang, X. F.] Wuhan Univ Technol, State Key Lab Adv Technol Mat Synth & Proc, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Yan, Y. G.; Martin, J.; Wong-Ng, W.; Green, M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yan, YG (reprint author), Wuhan Univ Technol, State Key Lab Adv Technol Mat Synth & Proc, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 37 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 84 IS 11 AR 115110 DI 10.1063/1.4830295 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 293OL UT WOS:000329982000062 PM 24289440 ER PT J AU Wineland, DJ AF Wineland, David J. TI Superposition, entanglement, and raising Schrodinger's cat SO ANNALEN DER PHYSIK LA English DT Review DE ion traps; Nobel lecture; quantum clock; quantum computing; Schrodinger's cat ID MONO-ION OSCILLATOR; ATOMIC FREQUENCY STANDARD; ZERO-POINT ENERGY; TRAPPED IONS; QUANTUM JUMPS; RADIATION-PRESSURE; SINGLE-ATOM; PROJECTION NOISE; MOTIONAL STATES; OPTICAL CLOCKS AB Experimental control of quantum systems has been pursued widely since the invention of quantum mechanics. Today, we can in fact experiment with individual quantum systems, deterministically preparing superpositions and entanglements. In his Nobel lecture, D. J. Wineland gives an overview of this research which has led to the Nobel prize in physics in 2012**. C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wineland, DJ (reprint author), NIST, Mailcode 847-00,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM david.wineland@nist.gov FU AFOSR; ARO; DARPA; ONR FX Throughout my career, our group has enjoyed the support and encouragement of NBS/NIST management. My direct supervisors over the years, Helmut Hellwig, Sam Stein, Don Sullivan, and Tom O'Brian have always supported our goals and desires as much as possible. More recently, we have also enjoyed the support of Carl Williams, who heads NIST's quantum information program. We are all indebted to our laboratory director, Katharine Gebbie, for her support and encouragement. Perhaps one measure of her success is that I am the fourth person, after Bill Phillips, Eric Cornell, and Jan Hall, to receive a Nobel prize during her tenure as lab director. We are also grateful for the support of agencies outside of NIST, such as AFOSR, ARO, DARPA, ONR, and various intelligence agencies who have supported ourwork on quantum information. I have great respect for the leaders of some of our group's strongest competition such as Rainer Blatt (Innsbruck) and Chris Monroe (University ofMaryland) and have enjoyed their friendship formany years. It was also a great pleasure to share this recognition with Serge Haroche. I have known Serge for about 25 years and have enjoyed both his group's elegant science and also the mutual friendship that my wife and I have shared with him and his wife, Claudine. Most importantly, I have been very fortunate to have the support, understanding, and patience of my wife Sedna and sons Charles and Michael. NR 165 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0003-3804 EI 1521-3889 J9 ANN PHYS-BERLIN JI Ann. Phys.-Berlin PD NOV PY 2013 VL 525 IS 10-11 SI SI BP 739 EP 752 DI 10.1002/andp.201300736 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 286VQ UT WOS:000329497800007 ER PT J AU Spielman, IB AF Spielman, Ian B. TI Detection of topological matter with quantum gases SO ANNALEN DER PHYSIK LA English DT Review DE Artificial gauge fields; spin-orbit coupling; quantum gases; Raman coupling; topological matter; edge states; chern numbers ID NEUTRAL ATOMS; OPTICAL LATTICES; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; STATES; PHASE AB Creating and measuring topological matter - with non-local order deeply embedded in the global structure of its quantum mechanical eigenstates - presents unique experimental challenges. Since this order has no signature in local correlation functions, it might seem experimentally inaccessible in any macroscopic system; however, as the precisely quantized Hall plateaux in integer and fractional quantum Hall systems show, topology can have macroscopic signatures at the system's edges. Ultracold atoms provide new experimental platforms where both the intrinsic topology and the edge behavior can be directly measured. This article reviews, using specific examples, how non-interacting topological matter may be created and measured in quantum gases. C1 [Spielman, Ian B.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Spielman, Ian B.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Spielman, IB (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ian.spielman@nist.gov NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0003-3804 EI 1521-3889 J9 ANN PHYS-BERLIN JI Ann. Phys.-Berlin PD NOV PY 2013 VL 525 IS 10-11 SI SI BP 797 EP 807 DI 10.1002/andp.201300110 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 286VQ UT WOS:000329497800010 ER PT J AU Kuligowski, E Peacock, R Wiess, E Hoskins, B AF Kuligowski, Erica Peacock, Richard Wiess, Emily Hoskins, Bryan TI Stair evacuation of older adults and people with mobility impairments SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Fire safety; Egress; Building evacuation; Stairs; Disabled; Older adults AB This paper presents the movement speeds and behavioral data for 45 residents evacuating a six-story assisted-living facility located on the East Coast of the United States. The building's population comprised of a diverse array of older adults and disabled residents descending the stairwells by the following methods: self-evacuation without assistance, assistance using a cane, assistance from another occupant or firefighter, or assistance using a stair chair. Movement data of these specific groups was compared and contrasted with other data collected on, mobility-impaired individuals. In the current study, the National Institute. of Standards and Technology observed overall average speeds ranging between (0.11 to 0.29) m/s, which in some cases, approximate the speeds of disabled people and older adults found in earlier studies, and in other cases is slower than previous studies. Slower speeds in this case may have resulted from observing a wider variety of mobility impairments (since the building observed was an assisted-living facility) and evacuation assistance provided by untrained populations. These data provide an adequate confirmation of exiting literature values typically used for disabled movement speeds in addition to updated values for future analyses. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kuligowski, Erica; Peacock, Richard; Wiess, Emily] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hoskins, Bryan] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Kuligowski, E (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8664, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM erica.kuligowski@nist.gov NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 EI 1873-7226 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 62 BP 230 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2013.09.027 PN C PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 283VC UT WOS:000329274100002 ER PT J AU Holloway, CL Kuester, EF AF Holloway, Christopher L. Kuester, Edward F. TI Corrections to the classical continuity boundary conditions at the interface of a composite medium SO PHOTONICS AND NANOSTRUCTURES-FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Artificial dielectrics; Boundary conditions; Composite medium; Generalized sheet transition conditions (GSTC); Homogenization; Interface conditions; Metamaterials; Multiple-scale techniques ID ARTIFICIAL ANISOTROPIC DIELECTRICS; PERIODIC MAXWELL SYSTEM; LOW-FREQUENCY PLASMONS; ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; EFFECTIVE PARAMETERS; SCATTERING APPROACH; LIQUID BOUNDARIES; SURFACE-TENSION; HOMOGENIZATION; PERMEABILITY AB Using the multiple-scales homogenization method, we derive generalized sheet transition conditions (GSTCs) for electromagnetic fields at the interface between two media, one of which is free-space and the other a certain type of composite material. The parameters in these new boundary conditions are interpreted as effective electric and magnetic surface susceptibilities, which themselves are related to the geometry of the scatterers that constitute the composite. We show that the effective tangential E and H fields are not continuous across the interface except in the limit when the lattice constant (the spacing between the scatterers-atoms, molecules or inclusions in the case of a composite material) of the composite medium is very small compared to a wavelength. We derive first-order corrections to the classical continuity conditions. For naturally occurring materials whose lattice constants are on an atomic scale, these effects are shown to be negligible for waves at optical frequencies or lower. However, once the lattice constant becomes a significant fraction of a wavelength (which is the case for many artificial dielectrics and metamaterials), the corrections can be important. In previous work we have alluded to the fact that such a GSTC is needed to correctly account for the surface effects when extracting the effective material properties of a metamaterial. The results of this current paper justify the assumptions made in that previous work. In general, these GSTCs will result in corrections to the classical Fresnel reflection and transmission coefficients (which are themselves merely zeroth-order approximations to the actual reflection and transmission coefficients), and in a separate publication we will use these GSTCs to address this issue. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Holloway, Christopher L.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, US Dept Commerce, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kuester, Edward F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, US Dept Commerce, Boulder Labs, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM holloway@boulder.nist.gov NR 102 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-4410 EI 1569-4429 J9 PHOTONIC NANOSTRUCT JI Photonics Nanostruct. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 11 IS 4 BP 397 EP 422 DI 10.1016/j.photonics.2013.01.003 PG 26 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 285US UT WOS:000329421100012 ER PT J AU Turk, GC Sharpless, KE Cleveland, D Jongsma, C Mackey, EA Marlow, AF Oflaz, R Paul, RL Sieber, JR Thompson, RQ Wood, LJ Yu, LL Zeisler, R Wise, SA Yen, JH Christopher, SJ Day, RD Long, SE Greene, E Harnly, J Ho, IP Betz, JM AF Turk, Gregory C. Sharpless, Katherine E. Cleveland, Danielle Jongsma, Candice Mackey, Elizabeth A. Marlow, Anthony F. Oflaz, Rabia Paul, Rick L. Sieber, John R. Thompson, Robert Q. Wood, Laura J. Yu, Lee L. Zeisler, Rolf Wise, Stephen A. Yen, James H. Christopher, Steven J. Day, Russell D. Long, Stephen E. Greene, Ella Harnly, James Ho, I-Pin Betz, Joseph M. TI Certification of Elements in and Use of Standard Reference Material 3280 Multivitamin/Multielement Tablets SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID SUPPLEMENT INGREDIENT DATABASE; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; NIH OFFICE; ICP-MS; CADMIUM; VITAMINS; PROGRESS; LEAD AB Standard Reference Material 3280 Multivitamin/ Multielement Tablets was issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology in 2009, and has certified and reference mass fraction values for 13 vitamins, 26 elements, and two carotenoids. Elements were measured using two or more analytical methods at NIST with additional data contributed by collaborating laboratories. This reference material is expected to serve a dual purpose: to provide quality assurance in support of a database of dietary supplement products and to provide a means for analysts, dietary supplement manufacturers, and researchers to assess the appropriateness and validity of their analytical methods and the accuracy of their results. C1 [Turk, Gregory C.; Sharpless, Katherine E.; Cleveland, Danielle; Jongsma, Candice; Mackey, Elizabeth A.; Marlow, Anthony F.; Oflaz, Rabia; Paul, Rick L.; Sieber, John R.; Thompson, Robert Q.; Wood, Laura J.; Yu, Lee L.; Zeisler, Rolf; Wise, Stephen A.; Yen, James H.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Christopher, Steven J.; Day, Russell D.; Long, Stephen E.] NIST, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Greene, Ella; Harnly, James] USDA, Food Composit Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ho, I-Pin] Grocery Manufacturers Assoc, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Betz, Joseph M.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Sharpless, KE (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM katherine.sharpless@nist.gov RI Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015; OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853; Cleveland, Danielle/0000-0003-3880-4584 FU National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements through Interagency [Y1-OD-4147-01] FX We extend our thanks to Brandi S. Benford and Barbara J. Porter, both formerly of NIST, for their contributions to this effort. Partial funding for this work was provided by the National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements through Interagency Agreement No. Y1-OD-4147-01. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 EI 1944-7922 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1281 EP 1287 DI 10.5740/jaoacint.13-135 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 278YR UT WOS:000328926300016 PM 24645505 ER PT J AU Huang, K Cassar, N Wanninkhof, R Bender, M AF Huang, Kuan Cassar, Nicolas Wanninkhof, Rik Bender, Michael TI An isotope dilution method for high-frequency measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon concentration in the surface ocean SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID CAVITY RINGDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; NET COMMUNITY PRODUCTION; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; FLORIDA BAY; SEAWATER; CALCIFICATION; ANALYZER; C-13; SEA AB An autonomous system using isotope dilution as its core method has been developed to obtain high-frequency measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations in the surface ocean. This system accurately mixes a seawater sample and a C-13-labeled sodium bicarbonate solution (spike). The mixed solution is then acidified and sent through a gas permeable membrane contactor. CO2 derived from DIC in the mixture is extracted by a CO2-free gas stream, and is sent to a cavity ring-down spectrometer to analyze its C-13/C-12 ratio. [DIC] of the seawater can then be derived from the measured C-13/C-12, the known mixing ratio and the [(DIC)-C-13] of the spike. The method has been tested under a wide [DIC] range (1800-2300 mu mol/kg) in the laboratory. It has also been deployed on a cruise that surveyed ocean waters to the south of Florida. At a sampling resolution of 4 min (15 samples per hour), the relative standard deviation of DIC determined from the laboratory tests and the field deployment is +/- 0.07% and +/- 0.09%, respectively. The accuracy of the method is better than 0.1% except where [DIC] varies faster than 5 mu mol/kg per minute. Based on the laboratory and field evaluations, we conclude that this method can provide accurate underway [DIC] measurements at high resolution in most oceanic regions. C1 [Huang, Kuan; Bender, Michael] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Cassar, Nicolas] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Huang, K (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM huangk@princeton.edu RI Huang, Kuan/G-6988-2015; OI Huang, Kuan/0000-0003-4845-1719; Cassar, Nicolas/0000-0003-0100-3783 FU NOAA FX We would like to thank Dr. Chris Kelble of NOAA/AOML's South Florida Program for providing lab space and berthing aboard their regular monitoring cruises on the R/V Walton Smith to field-test the methodology. We are grateful to all the scientists and the crew on R/V Walton Smith, especially Dr. Nelson Melo, for collecting samples and making underway measurements of the ancillary data. We thank Kevin Sullivan at NOAA/AOML for his assistance in setting up the system on board, and analyzing the discrete DIC samples. This research was supported by funding from NOAA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 1541-5856 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 11 BP 572 EP 583 DI 10.4319/lom.2013.11.572 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 278HU UT WOS:000328880700001 ER PT J AU Bullard, JW Garboczi, EJ AF Bullard, Jeffrey W. Garboczi, Edward J. TI Defining shape measures for 3D star-shaped particles: Sphericity, roundness, and dimensions SO POWDER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Granular materials; Particle shape; Numerical modeling ID SETTLING VELOCITY; TOMOGRAPHY; VISCOSITY; INDEXES; GRAINS AB Truncated spherical harmonic expansions are used to approximate the shape of 3D star-shaped particles including a wide range of axially symmetric ellipsoids, cuboids, and over 40.000 real particles drawn from seven different material sources. This mathematical procedure enables any geometric property to be calculated for these star-shaped particles. Calculations are made of properties such as volume, surface area, triaxial dimensions, the maximum inscribed sphere, and the minimum enclosing sphere, as well as differential geometric properties such as surface normals and principal curvatures, and the values are compared to the analytical values for well-characterized geometric shapes. We find that a particle's Krumbein triaxial dimensions, widely used in the sedimentary geology literature, are essentially identical numerically to the length, width, and thickness dimensions that are used to characterize gravel shape in the construction aggregate industry. Of these dimensions, we prove that the length is a lower bound on a particle's minimum enclosing sphere diameter and that the thickness is an upper bound on its maximum inscribed sphere diameter. We examine the "true sphericity" and the shape entropy, and we also introduce a new sphericity factor based on the radius ratio of the maximum inscribed sphere to the minimum enclosing sphere. This bounding sphere ratio, which can be calculated numerically or approximated from macroscopic dimensions, has the advantage that it is less sensitive to surface roughness than the true sphericity. For roundness, we extend Wadell's classical 2D definition for particle silhouettes to 3D shapes and we also introduce a new roundness factor based on integrating the dot product of the surface position unit vector and the unit normal vector. Limited evidence suggests that the latter roundness factor more faithfully captures the common notion of roundness based on visual perception of particle shapes, and it is significantly simpler to calculate than the classical roundness factor. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bullard, Jeffrey W.; Garboczi, Edward J.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bullard, JW (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.bullard@nist.govemail; edward.garboczi@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology Project: Innovative Measurement Science-Shape Metrology FX The authors are grateful to Joseph Main, Timothy Hall, and Kenneth Snyder for helpful discussions and thoughtful reviews of the manuscript. We thank Will Guthrie for his help with the statistical analysis of particle dimensions. Partial support of this work was provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology Project: Innovative Measurement Science-Shape Metrology. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-5910 EI 1873-328X J9 POWDER TECHNOL JI Powder Technol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 249 BP 241 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.powtec2013.08.015 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 275EP UT WOS:000328659400035 ER PT J AU Medeiros, SC Hagen, SC Chaouch, N Feyen, J Temimi, M Weishampel, JF Funakoshi, Y Khanbilvardi, R AF Medeiros, Stephen C. Hagen, Scott C. Chaouch, Naira Feyen, Jesse Temimi, Marouane Weishampel, John F. Funakoshi, Yuji Khanbilvardi, Reza TI Assessing the Performance of a Northern Gulf of Mexico Tidal Model Using Satellite Imagery SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE model validation; tides; ADCIRC; multi-sensor; remote sensing; SAR; inundation detection ID SCANNING LASER ALTIMETRY; FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL; SOUTHERN LOUISIANA; SHALLOW-WATER; VEGETATION AB Tidal harmonic analysis simulations along with simulations spanning four specific historical time periods in 2003 and 2004 were conducted to test the performance of a northern Gulf of Mexico tidal model. A recently developed method for detecting inundated areas based on integrated remotely sensed data (i.e., Radarsat-1, aerial imagery, LiDAR, Landsat 7 ETM+) was applied to assess the performance of the tidal model. The analysis demonstrates the applicability of the method and its agreement with traditional performance assessment techniques such as harmonic resynthesis and water level time series analysis. Based on the flooded/non-flooded coastal areas estimated by the integrated remotely sensed data, the model is able to adequately reproduce the extent of inundation within four sample areas from the coast along the Florida panhandle, correctly identifying areas as wet or dry over 85% of the time. Comparisons of the tidal model inundation to synoptic (point-in-time) inundation areas generated from the remotely sensed data generally agree with the results of the traditional performance assessment techniques. Moreover, this approach is able to illustrate the spatial distribution of model inundation accuracy allowing for targeted refinement of model parameters. C1 [Medeiros, Stephen C.; Hagen, Scott C.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Civil Environm & Construct Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Chaouch, Naira; Temimi, Marouane; Khanbilvardi, Reza] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Feyen, Jesse] NOAA, Coast Survey Dev Lab, Off Coast Survey, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Weishampel, John F.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Funakoshi, Yuji] Univ Corp Atmospheric Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Medeiros, SC (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Civil Environm & Construct Engn, 12800 Pegasus Blvd,Suite 211, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM Stephen.Medeiros@ucf.edu; Scott.Hagen@ucf.edu; nchaouch@ccny.cuny.edu; Jesse.Feyen@noaa.gov; mtemimi@ccny.cuny.edu; John.Weishampel@ucf.edu; Yuji.Funakoshi@noaa.gov; rk@ce.ccny.cuny.edu FU NASA [NNX09AT44G]; U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA10NOS4780146] FX This study is funded in part under NASA Grant Number NNX09AT44G. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NASA. Partial financial support was also provided by U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Grant NA10NOS4780146. Computer simulations were carried out on the high performance computing cluster STOKES at the University of Central Florida, Institute for Simulation and Training (System Administrators: Craig Finch and Sergio Tafur). The two lead authors were also given a tour of the focus area by Ron Bartel of the Northwest Florida Water Management District and this paper benefitted immensely from this local knowledge. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 5 IS 11 BP 5662 EP 5679 DI 10.3390/rs5115662 PG 18 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 274SQ UT WOS:000328626900014 ER PT J AU Postek, MT Vladar, AE AF Postek, Michael T. Vladar, Andras E. TI Does Your SEM Really Tell the Truth?-How Would You Know? Part 1 SO SCANNING LA English DT Article DE calibration; measurements; metrology; modeling; Monte Carlo; scanning electron microscope; SEM; standards ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; LINEWIDTH MEASUREMENT; ACCELERATING VOLTAGE; METROLOGY AB The scanning electron microscope (SEM) has gone through a tremendous evolution to become a critical tool for many and diverse scientific and industrial applications. The high resolution of the SEM is especially suited for both qualitative and quantitative applications especially for nanotechnology and nanomanufacturing. Quantitatively, measurement, or metrology is one of the main uses. It is likely that one of the first questions asked before even the first scanning electron micrograph was ever recorded was: ...how big is that? The quality of that answer has improved a great deal over the past few years especially since today these instruments are being used as a primary measurement tool on semiconductor processing lines to monitor the manufacturing processes. The well-articulated needs of semiconductor production prompted a rapid evolution of the instrument and its capabilities. Over the past 20 years or so, instrument manufacturers, through substantial semiconductor industry investment of research and development (R&D) money, have vastly improved the performance of these instruments. All users have benefited from this investment, especially where quantitative measurements with an SEM are concerned. But, how good are these data? This article discusses some of the most important aspects and larger issues associated with imaging and measurements with the SEM that every user should know, and understand before any critical quantitative work is attempted. SCANNING 35:355-361, 2013. Published 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(dagger) C1 [Postek, Michael T.; Vladar, Andras E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Postek, MT (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM postek@nist.gov NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0161-0457 EI 1932-8745 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD NOV PY 2013 VL 35 IS 6 BP 355 EP 361 DI 10.1002/sca.21075 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 275LR UT WOS:000328678500002 PM 23427011 ER PT J AU Prat, OP Nelson, BR AF Prat, Olivier P. Nelson, Brian R. TI Mapping the world's tropical cyclone rainfall contribution over land using the TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclones; remote sensing; rainfall contribution; water budgets ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; SUMMER MONSOON RAINFALL; SOUTHERN TAIWAN; HEAVY RAINFALL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CMIP5 MODELS; METEOROLOGY; AUSTRALIA; EXTREME; TRENDS AB A study was performed to characterize over land precipitation associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) for basins around the world based upon the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS). From 1998 to 2009, data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) product 3B42, showed that TCs accounted for 5.5%, 7.5%, 6%, 9.5%, and 8.9% of the annual precipitation for impacted over land areas of the Americas, East Asia, South and West Asia, Oceania, and East Africa respectively, and that TC contribution decreased significantly within the first 150 km from the coast. Locally, TCs contributed on average to more than 25% and up to 61% of the annual precipitation budget over very different climatic areas with arid or tropical characteristics. East Asia represented the higher and most constant TC rain (118 mm yr(-1)19%) normalized over the area impacted, while East Africa presented the highest variability (108 mm yr(-1)60%), and the Americas displayed the lowest average TC rain (65 mm yr(-1)24%) despite a higher TC activity. Furthermore, the maximum monthly TC contribution (8-11%) was found later in the TC season and depended on the peak of TC activity, TC rainfall, and the domain transition between dry and wet regimes if any. Finally, because of their importance in terms of rainfall amount, the contribution of TCs was provided for a selection of 50 urban areas experiencing cyclonic activity. Results showed that for particularly intense years, urban areas prone to cyclonic activity received more than half of their annual rainfall from TCs. C1 [Prat, Olivier P.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Prat, Olivier P.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Nelson, Brian R.] NOAA, Remote Sensing Applicat Div, NESDIS, NCDC, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Prat, OP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites NC CICS NC, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM olivier.prat@noaa.gov RI Prat, Olivier/B-7016-2009; Nelson, Brian/D-6432-2014 OI Prat, Olivier/0000-0002-9289-5723; FU NOAA/NCDC Climate Data Records and Science Stewardship Program through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina [NA09NES4400006] FX This research was supported by the NOAA/NCDC Climate Data Records and Science Stewardship Program through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina under the agreement NA09NES4400006. The authors would like to thank Alisa Young, and Carl Schreck for helping with the internal review process. The authors are grateful to three anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and suggestions. NR 68 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 49 IS 11 BP 7236 EP 7254 DI 10.1002/wrcr.20527 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 275NJ UT WOS:000328683800005 ER PT J AU Zhang, YH Chu, DW Li, YX Wang, L Wu, YH AF Zhang, Yaohong Chu, Daiwei Li, Yingxue Wang, Lin Wu, Yihua TI Effect of elevated UV-B radiation on CH4 emissions from the stands of Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis in a coastal salt marsh SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE UV-B radiation; Methane emission; Coastal salt marsh; Spartina alterniflora; Phragmites australis ID METHANE PRODUCTION; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; SULFATE REDUCTION; TYPHA-LATIFOLIA; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; WETLANDS; RESPOND; SITES; PLANT; PEAT AB It has been estimated that solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation reaching the Earth's surface will continue increasing until 2050s. To investigate the effect of elevated UV-B radiation on CH4 emission from the coastal marsh, mesocosm experiments were conducted to monitor CH4 emissions in stands of invasive plant Spartina alterniflora and native plant Phragmites australis from a coastal salt marsh exposed to ambient and elevated UV-B radiation, respectively. Enhanced UV-B radiation dramatically decreased aboveground, belowground biomass and plant height of P. australis by 16%, 24% and 16%, respectively, and did not affect those of S. alterniflora. This suggests that P. australis was much more sensitive to elevated UV-B than S. alterniflora. The seasonal variation patterns of CH4 fluxes from the S. alterniflora and P. australis mesocosms were very similar, and were hardly affected by exposure to elevated UV-B. Mean CH4 emission rates were higher in S. alterniflora than P. australis mesocosms under both ambient and enhanced UV-B radiation due to the higher biomass of S. alterniflora, which could fix and allocate more photosynthetic carbon to the soil. Seasonal average CH4 flux from the P. australis mesocosms under elevated UV-B radiation was 0.51 mg CH4 m(-2) h(-1), which was 25% lower than the value under ambient radiation. In contrast, there was no notable effect of elevated UV-B on CH4 emission from the S. alterniflora mesocosms. Enhanced UV-B remarkably decreased porewater DOC and CH4 concentrations by 17% and 23%, respectively, in the P. australis mesocosms during the growing season. This indicates that CH4 emission from the P. australis mesocosms under elevated UV-B was primarily reduced by the reduction of porewater CH4 concentration due to the decrease in plant biomass. Thus, our results suggest that CH4 fluxes in the coastal marshes would be increased by the invasion of S. alterniflora, and the effect of elevated UV-B radiation on CH4 emission from the coastal salt marsh is strongly correlated with plant characteristics. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Yaohong; Chu, Daiwei; Li, Yingxue; Wang, Lin] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Jiangsu Key Lab Agr Meteorol, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yaohong; Chu, Daiwei; Li, Yingxue; Wang, Lin; Wu, Yihua] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Appl Meteorol, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yaohong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, State Key Lab Soil & Sustainable Agr, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Wu, Yihua] Univ Res Court 5830, IMSG, NOAA NCEP EMC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Zhang, YH (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Appl Meteorol, Ningliu Rd 219, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM zyhzgr@gmail.com FU Natural Science Foundation of China [41103039]; Jiangsu Natural Science Project of the University [08KJB210001, 11KJB170007]; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture [Y052010031]; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology [JKLAM201201, JKLAM201203]; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Jiangsu Overseas Research and Training Program for University Prominent Young and Middle-aged Teachers and Presidents; Jiangsu Foreign Experts Project for Training Outstanding Young Teachers FX We thank handling editor Elisabeth Gross and two anonymous referees for their helpful comments and suggestions. This study was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (41103039), Jiangsu Natural Science Project of the University (08KJB210001 and 11KJB170007), State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture (Y052010031) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology (JKLAM201201 and JKLAM201203). We also acknowledge the fund supports of the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, of Jiangsu Overseas Research and Training Program for University Prominent Young and Middle-aged Teachers and Presidents, and of Jiangsu Foreign Experts Project for Training Outstanding Young Teachers. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 EI 1879-1522 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 111 BP 150 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2013.07.002 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 267LS UT WOS:000328099800023 ER PT J AU Kessler, E Cohen, AE Corfidi, SF Corfidi, SJ AF Kessler, Edwin Cohen, Ariel E. Corfidi, Stephen F. Corfidi, Sarah J. TI EASING INTO NORMAN Ed Kessler on the Origins and Growth of the National Severe Storms Laboratory SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The following essay is excerpted from conversations with Edwin Kessler, founding director of NOAA's National Severe Storms Laboratory in Norman, Oklahoma, conducted by Ariel Cohen and Stephen and Sarah Corfidi of the National Weather Service's Storm Prediction Center. Cohen and the Corfidis based the discussion in part on Kessler's speech at the 50th anniversary of the School of Meteorology at the University of Oklahoma in October 2010, and Cohen converted this discussion to a Q&A format. The conversations range over many subjects, including accomplishments of NSSL, Kessler's role as its manager, and the many people who were crucial to the lab's growth. The entire conversation is published by BAMS online, but here we've selected Kessler's words regarding the move to Norman, the community that evolved there, and how NSSL thrived there because ofand despitethe bureaucratic changes that federal agencies underwent at that time.The Editors C1 [Kessler, Edwin] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Cohen, Ariel E.; Corfidi, Stephen F.; Corfidi, Sarah J.] NOAA NWS NCEP Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Corfidi, Sarah J.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Kessler, E (reprint author), 1510 Rosemt Dr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM kess3@swbell.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 94 IS 11 BP 1645 EP 1648 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00053.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 265CG UT WOS:000327926700003 ER PT J AU Chang, EKM Pena, M Toth, Z AF Chang, Edmund K. M. Pena, Malaquias Toth, Zoltan TI INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH COLLABORATION IN HIGH-IMPACT WEATHER PREDICTION SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Chang, Edmund K. M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Pena, Malaquias] NOAA NWS NCEP EMC, IMSG, College Pk, MD USA. [Toth, Zoltan] NOAA OAR ESRL, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Chang, EKM (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 101 Endeavour Hall, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM kar.chang@stonybrook.edu RI Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015 OI Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 94 IS 11 BP ES149 EP ES151 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00057.1 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 265CG UT WOS:000327926700001 ER PT J AU Rudnick, PA AF Rudnick, Paul A. TI Refining spectral library searching SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Database searching; Dot product; Peptide identification; Spectral library searching; Statistical validation ID PEPTIDE MS/MS SPECTRA; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IDENTIFICATION AB Spectral library searching has many advantages over sequence database searching, yet it has not been widely adopted. One possible reason for this is that users are unsure exactly how to interpret the similarity scores (e.g., dot products are not probability-based scores). Methods to create decoys have been proposed, but, as developers caution, may produce proxies that are not equivalent to reversed sequences. In this issue, Shao et al. (Proteomics 2013, 13, 3273-3283) report advances in spectral library searching where the focus is not on improving the performance of their search engine, SpectraST, but is instead on improving the statistical meaningfulness of its discriminant score and removing the need for decoys. The results in their paper indicate that by standardizing the input and library spectra, sensitivity is not lost but is, surprisingly, gained. Their tests also show that false discovery rate (FDR) estimates, derived from their new score, track better with ground truth than decoy searching. It is possible that their work strikes a good balance between the theory of library searching and its application. And as such, they hope to have removed a major entrance barrier for some researchers previously unwilling to try library searching. C1 [Rudnick, Paul A.] Spectragen Informat, Rockville, MD 20853 USA. [Rudnick, Paul A.] NIST, Mass Spectrometry Data Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rudnick, PA (reprint author), Spectragen Informat, 4708 Levada Ter, Rockville, MD 20853 USA. EM paul.rudnick@spectragen-informatics.com NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1615-9853 EI 1615-9861 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD NOV PY 2013 VL 13 IS 22 BP 3247 EP 3250 DI 10.1002/pmic.201300426 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 265VG UT WOS:000327979600002 PM 24123856 ER PT J AU Sekerka, RF Boettinger, WJ McFadden, GB AF Sekerka, R. F. Boettinger, W. J. McFadden, G. B. TI Surface morphologies due to grooves at moving grain boundaries having stress-driven fluxes SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Moving grain boundary groove; Grain boundary flux; Groove pushing; Stress ID TRAVELING-WAVE SOLUTION; THIN-FILMS; COUPLED SURFACE; MOTION; DIFFUSION; HILLOCKS AB We modify a previous steady-state description developed by Genin [J. Appl. Phys. 77, 5130-5137 (1995)] for a grain boundary groove moving with a prescribed speed in a material subject to in-plane stress and a resultant grain boundary flux. The arbitrary assumption that the grain boundary flux is equally delivered to (or extracted from) the two adjacent free surfaces of the grains is replaced by a condition that requires continuity of surface chemical potentials at the grain boundary. Analytical results for the small-slope approximation as well as nonlinear results for large slopes are computed numerically for steady-state motion at a specified groove speed. We apply these results to a "partial loop" grain boundary geometry that moves by mean curvature induced by the groove conditions. In contrast to the ordinary effect that a grain boundary surface groove retards grain boundary motion, the presence of a compressive stress and resultant grain boundary flux toward the free surface can promote grain boundary motion. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Sekerka, R. F.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Boettinger, W. J.; McFadden, G. B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McFadden, GB (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mcfadden@nist.gov RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008 OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 61 IS 19 BP 7216 EP 7226 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.08.026 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 261SA UT WOS:000327683700017 ER PT J AU Gronewold, AD Clites, AH Smith, JP Hunter, TS AF Gronewold, Andrew D. Clites, Anne H. Smith, Joeseph P. Hunter, Timothy S. TI A dynamic graphical interface for visualizing projected, measured, and reconstructed surface water elevations on the earth's largest lakes SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Data visualization; Water levels; Great Lakes; Climate change; Data access ID GREAT-LAKES; FRESH-WATER; UNCERTAINTY; HYDROLOGY; SYSTEM; VARIABILITY; MICHIGAN; SCIENCE AB There is a growing need within the international water research and water resources management community, and the general public, for easy access to time-series of projected, measured, and reconstructed marine and freshwater coastal surface water elevations. There is also a need for effectively communicating variability among different surface water elevation data sets, as well as the intrinsic uncertainties in surface water elevation forecasts. Here, we introduce an interactive web-based interface, the Great Lakes Water Level Dashboard (GLWLD), designed to address this need for the North American Laurentian Great Lakes, the largest assemblage of unfrozen fresh surface water bodies on planet Earth, and one with a coastline of over 16,000 km (roughly 10,000 miles). The GLWLD is a Flash-based tool that can simultaneously display time-series of measured monthly and annual water level data and seasonal forecasts for each of the Great Lakes, reconstructed lake levels from paleoclimate research, and decadal lake level projections under alternative climate scenarios. By employing a suite of novel data transfer, processing, and visualization tools, the GLWLD allows users to seamlessly transition not only between alternate displays of Great Lakes water levels over different temporal scales, but between different data sets and forecasts as well. Furthermore, the unique GLWLD interface can help users understand the extent to which decisions regarding the use of the lakes depend on an appreciation of uncertainty and variability within, and between, different sources of Great Lakes water level information. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gronewold, Andrew D.; Clites, Anne H.; Smith, Joeseph P.; Hunter, Timothy S.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Smith, Joeseph P.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Gronewold, AD (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM drew.gronewold@noaa.gov OI Smith, Joeseph/0000-0002-1896-1390; Gronewold, Andrew/0000-0002-3576-2529 FU NOAA; Great Lakes Restoration Initiative; International Joint Commission (IJC) International Upper Great Lakes Study FX Funding for this project was provided by NOAA, the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (administered by the United States Environmental Protection Agency), and the International Joint Commission (IJC) International Upper Great Lakes Study. The authors thank NOAA's Climate.gov dashboard team, including Viviane Silva, David Herring, and Mark Phillips, for consultation on the initial development of the GLWLD, as well as Margaret Lansing, Glenn Muhr, and Cathy Darnell (all from NOAA-GLERL) for additional technical support. The authors are also grateful to Brent Lofgren, John Bratton, Craig Stow (all from NOAA-GLERL) and John Allis (USACE Detroit District), as well as four anonymous reviewers, for providing comments that improved the clarity of the manuscript. The use of product names in this manuscript does not imply endorsement by NOAA or any other contributing agency. This is NOAA-GLERL publication No. 1674. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 49 BP 34 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.07.003 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 260DQ UT WOS:000327575600003 ER PT J AU Farsi, S Remley, KA Nauwelaers, B Schreurs, D AF Farsi, Saeed Remley, Kate A. Nauwelaers, Bart Schreurs, Dominique TI Efficient Dithering Technique With Periodic Waveforms for RF Test and Characterization SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Analog-to-digital converter (ADC); digital-to-analog converter (DAC); dithering; ensemble averaging; modulated-signal measurement; quantization noise; wireless system test ID RESOLUTION; ADC; COMPENSATION; QUANTIZATION; QUANTIZERS; SYSTEMS; ERRORS AB A dithering technique based on ensemble averaging of waveforms is proposed. In the proposed method, we perform a single measurement of multiple periods of a sine-dithered periodic waveform, whereas in the existing ensemble averaging methods several different measurements with dithering additive noise are performed. The measured waveform is then segmented and the segments are averaged to obtain a noise-reduced post-processed waveform. This technique provides improved efficiency in test and characterization applications where accuracy higher than that of the built-in data converters of the measurement equipment is required. Moreover, we show that by using large dithering signals in the proposed technique, we can reduce the nonideal effects found in real applications. As an example, we show in a simulated example that by using the approach with an ensemble size of five in an ideal quantizer, we are able to reduce the mean-square error and adjacent channel distortion by 11 dB. A reduction of 6 dB is achieved when we use the same ensemble size in a nonideal quantizer. An experiment is then conducted to evaluate the reduction in the adjacent channel power of a modulated signal emanating from an arbitrary waveform, by using the proposed technique. The experimental results show that even for a modulated signal with 160-MHz bandwidth at 4.5 GHz, by using an ensemble size of four, we are able to reduce the adjacent channel distortion by 5 dB. C1 [Farsi, Saeed; Nauwelaers, Bart; Schreurs, Dominique] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Elect Engn, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Remley, Kate A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Farsi, S (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Elect Engn, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. EM saeed.farsi@esat.kuleuven.be; kate.remley@nist.gov RI Nauwelaers, Bart/C-8321-2012 OI Nauwelaers, Bart/0000-0003-3986-2786 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under the ELASTx Program; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under FWO Flanders; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven) GOA projects FX This work was supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under the ELASTx Program and under the FWO Flanders and Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven) GOA projects. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 61 IS 11 BP 3998 EP 4007 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2013.2283847 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 257TP UT WOS:000327409900017 ER PT J AU Rocas, E Collado, C Mateu, J Orloff, ND Aigner, R Booth, JC AF Rocas, Eduard Collado, Carlos Mateu, Jordi Orloff, Nathan D. Aigner, Robert Booth, James C. TI Electro-Thermo-Mechanical Model for Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID FILTER APPLICATIONS; RF POWER; TEMPERATURE; SMR AB We present the electro-thermo-mechanical constitutive relations, expanded up to the third order, for a BAW resonator. The relations obtained are implemented into a circuit model, which is validated with extensive linear and nonlinear measurements. The mathematical analysis, along with the modeling, allows us to identify the dominant terms, which are the material temperature derivatives and two intrinsic nonlinear terms, and explain, for the first time, all observable effects in a BAW resonator by use of a unified physical description. Moreover, the terms that are responsible for the second-harmonic generation and the frequency shift with dc voltage are shown to be the same. C1 [Rocas, Eduard; Collado, Carlos; Mateu, Jordi] UPC, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, Barcelona, Spain. [Mateu, Jordi] CTTC, Castelldefels, Spain. [Orloff, Nathan D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Aigner, Robert] TriQuint Semicond, Orlando, FL USA. [Booth, James C.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Rocas, E (reprint author), UPC, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, Barcelona, Spain. EM eduard.rocas@tsc.upc.edu RI collado, carlos/B-1651-2010; mateu, jordi/H-7285-2015 OI collado, carlos/0000-0002-8869-2739; mateu, jordi/0000-0001-9833-9966 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [TEC-2009-13897-C03-01/TCM, MAT2011-29269-C03-02]; ENIAC ARTEMOS European Project [EUI2010-04252]; U.S. government FX This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under grants TEC-2009-13897-C03-01/TCM and MAT2011-29269-C03-02, and by the ENIAC ARTEMOS European Project (EUI2010-04252). Work partially supported by the U.S. government, not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 EI 1525-8955 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD NOV PY 2013 VL 60 IS 11 BP 2389 EP 2403 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2013.2835 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 262JC UT WOS:000327729700015 PM 24158294 ER PT J AU Perkins, RA Sengers, JV AF Perkins, R. A. Sengers, J. V. TI A Note on the Critical Enhancement of Transport Properties and Correlation Length of Fluids SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Correlation length; Critical phenomena; Thermal conductivity; Transport properties ID GENERALIZED CROSSOVER DESCRIPTION; EXTENDED CRITICAL REGION; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; PURE FLUIDS; MIXTURES; BEHAVIOR AB The thermal conductivity and viscosity of fluids are known to exhibit an enhancement due to critical fluctuations. Procedures proposed in the literature for estimating the correlation length determining the magnitude of these enhancements have been reviewed, and a recommendation to reduce complexity and computation time is presented. C1 [Perkins, R. A.; Sengers, J. V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sengers, J. V.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Perkins, RA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM richard.perkins@nist.gov OI Perkins, Richard/0000-0002-8526-6742 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X EI 1572-9567 J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 34 IS 11 BP 2046 EP 2052 DI 10.1007/s10765-013-1519-7 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 265KC UT WOS:000327949200002 ER PT J AU Cannizzaro, JP Hu, CM Carder, KL Kelble, CR Melo, N Johns, EM Vargo, GA Heil, CA AF Cannizzaro, Jennifer P. Hu, Chuanmin Carder, Kendall L. Kelble, Christopher R. Melo, Nelson Johns, Elizabeth M. Vargo, Gabriel A. Heil, Cynthia A. TI On the Accuracy of SeaWiFS Ocean Color Data Products on the West Florida Shelf SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SeaWiFS; chlorophyll a; algorithm; atmospheric correction; suspended sediments; bottom reflectance; harmful algal blooms; colored dissolved organic matter; Gulf of Mexico ID KARENIA-BREVIS BLOOMS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; REMOTE-SENSING REFLECTANCE; CHLOROPHYLL-A; COASTAL WATERS; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; SHALLOW WATERS; TURBID ESTUARY; TIME-SERIES AB Despite the importance of the West Florida Shelf (WFS) on regional ecology and local economy, systematic shelf-wide assessment of the ocean biology has not been conducted, primarily because of budgetary limitations for routine field campaigns and unknown accuracy of satellite-based data products. Here, using shipboard spectral normalized water-leaving radiance (nL(w)[lambda]) data and chlorophyll-a concentrations (Chl-a) collected regularly during two multiyear field programs spanning >10 years, the accuracies of Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) standard data products were evaluated. The in situ data covered a wide dynamic range, with about one order of magnitude in nL(w)(490) (0.47 to 4.01 mW cm(-2) mu m(-1) sr(-1)) and two orders of magnitude in Chl-a (0.07 to 10.6 mg m(-3)). Near-concurrent in situ and satellite nL(w)(lambda 2) data showed absolute percent differences (APD) increasing from 7-9% to 10-14% when data with elevated aerosol optical thicknesses at 865 nm (tau(alpha)865) were included. Most of this uncertainty, however, canceled in the maximal blue-to-green reflectance band ratios traditionally used for estimating Chl-a. SeaWiFS OC4 Chl-a showed a root mean square (RMS) uncertainty of 0.106 for log-transformed data in waters offshore of the 20-m isobath that increased to 0.255 when all data were considered. The increased likelihood for nearshore SeaWiFS Chl-a greater than similar to 0.5 mg(-3) to be overestimated was shown to be caused by a variety of factors (colored dissolved organic matter [CDOM], suspended sediments, and bottom reflectance) that varied in both time and space. In the future, more sophisticated algorithms capable of taking these factors into consideration are required to improve remote determinations of Chl-a in nearshore waters of the WFS. C1 [Cannizzaro, Jennifer P.; Hu, Chuanmin; Vargo, Gabriel A.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Carder, Kendall L.] SRI Int, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Kelble, Christopher R.; Melo, Nelson; Johns, Elizabeth M.] US NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Melo, Nelson] Univ Miami, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Heil, Cynthia A.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, West Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. RP Cannizzaro, JP (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jpatch@mail.usf.edu RI Kelble, Christopher/A-8511-2008; Johns, Elizabeth/I-3547-2013; Melo, Nelson/A-5983-2011 OI Kelble, Christopher/0000-0003-0914-4134; Johns, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2181-5052; Melo, Nelson/0000-0001-7563-5420 FU BP/The Gulf of Mexico Initiative; U.S. NASA [NNX09AE17G]; U.S. NOAA [NAO6NES4400004]; U.S. EPA Gulf of Mexico Program [MX-96475407-0, MX95413609-0, MX-95453110-0]; NOAA/OAR Ship Charter Fund FX This work was made possible in part by a grant from BP/The Gulf of Mexico Initiative, and in part by U.S. NASA (NNX09AE17G), U.S. NOAA (NAO6NES4400004), and the U.S. EPA Gulf of Mexico Program (MX-96475407-0, MX95413609-0, and MX-95453110-0). Support for field data collected during the ECOHAB program was provided by U.S. NOAA and U.S. EPA. Support for field data collected as part of NOAA-AOML's SFP was provided by the NOAA/OAR Ship Charter Fund, NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research, NOAA's Deepwater Horizon Supplemental Appropriation, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. We thank NOAA NDBC for providing surface wind data and the USGS for providing river discharge data. We thank the captains and crew of the RAT Suncoaster, R/V Bellows, and RN Walton Smith for cruise support and Lloyd Moore, David English, Daniel Otis, Merrie Beth Neely, Danylle Ault, Sue Murasko, and Julie Havens for help with sample collection and analyses. We also thank the three anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments to improve this manuscript. NR 65 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 17 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1257 EP 1272 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-12-00223.1 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 260AC UT WOS:000327566400003 ER PT J AU Xu, LH Hougen, JT Lees, RM AF Xu, Li-Hong Hougen, Jon T. Lees, R. M. TI On the physical interpretation of ab initio normal-mode coordinates for the three C-H stretching vibrations of methanol along the internal-rotation path SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE CH stretching vibrations; Internal rotation; L matrices; Methanol; Minimum energy path (MEP); Projected frequency calculations; Vibrational displacement vectors ID INVERTED TORSIONAL STRUCTURE; MOLECULES; DYNAMICS; SPECTRA; STATES; CH3CHO; PHASE; ROTOR; CH3OH AB Graphical representations are presented for variation along the steepest-descent internal-rotation path in methanol of the normal mode frequencies and their associated eigenvectors in several sets of internal coordinates and in Cartesian atomic displacement vectors d(i)(gamma), as determined for the three CH stretching vibrations (v(3), v(2), and v(9)) by projected-frequency calculations from the Gaussian suite of programs. The methyl-group CH stretching modes are interesting because the symmetry environment of each C-H bond changes significantly during the internal rotation, i.e., each of the methyl bonds takes turns passing (twice for a complete torsional revolution) through the plane of symmetry of the COH frame of the molecule. No accumulation of geometric phase is observed in any of these plots, and all quantities return to their original values after the internal rotation angle gamma increases by 2 pi. A simple two-vibrational-state, three-parameter model, closely based on earlier models from the literature, can be used to understand nearly quantitatively much of the gamma-variation observed in the Gaussian plots, including a number of cusp-like features. In particular, when the three parameters in the model are determined from a fit to the Gaussian projected frequencies for v(2) and v(9) at the top and bottom of the internal rotation path, it is found that the Renner-Teller-like torsion-vibration interaction term is slightly larger in magnitude than the Jahn-Teller-like term, which is consistent with no accumulation of geometric phase in the various plots. Finally, a highly simplified computation is presented to illustrate the changes that will be necessary in order to move from the usual diabatic torsion-vibration treatments in the literature to adiabatic treatments, in which the normal-mode Cartesian displacement vectors given at each point along the internal rotation path by the Gaussian projected frequency calculation are used directly in the torsion-vibration energy level calculation. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Li-Hong; Lees, R. M.] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Phys, CLAMS, St John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada. [Hougen, Jon T.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hougen, JT (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jon.hougen@nist.gov RI Xu, Li-Hong/J-5095-2015 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX L.H.X. and R.M.L. gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 EI 1096-083X J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 293 BP 38 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2013.09.002 PG 22 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 265BB UT WOS:000327923600006 ER PT J AU King, SW Bielefeld, J Xu, GH Lanford, WA Matsuda, Y Dauskardt, RH Kim, N Hondongwa, D Olasov, L Daly, B Stan, G Liu, M Dutta, D Gidley, D AF King, Sean W. Bielefeld, Jeff Xu, Guanghai Lanford, William A. Matsuda, Yusuke Dauskardt, Reinhold H. Kim, Namjun Hondongwa, Donald Olasov, Lauren Daly, Brian Stan, Gheorghe Liu, Ming Dutta, Dhanadeep Gidley, David TI Influence of network bond percolation on the thermal, mechanical, electrical and optical properties of high and low-k a-SiC:H thin films SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE Silicon carbide; Bond percolation; Constraint theory; Low-k; Plasma; Chemical vapor deposition ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; LOW-DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; TRANSFORM-INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; AMORPHOUS HYDROGENATED CARBON; AVERAGE COORDINATION-NUMBER; CHALCOGENIDE GLASSES; SILICON-CARBIDE; H-FILMS; RIGIDITY PERCOLATION AB As demand for lower power and higher performance nano-electronic products increases, the semiconductor industry must adopt insulating materials with progressively lower dielectric constants (i.e. low-k) in order to minimize capacitive related power losses in integrated circuits. However in addition to a lower dielectric constant low-k materials typically exhibit many other reduced material properties that have limited the ability of the semiconductor industry to implement them. In this article, we demonstrate that the reduced material properties exhibited by low-k materials can be understood based on bond constraint and percolation theory. Using a-SiC:H as a case study material, we utilize nuclear reaction analysis, Rutherford backscattering, nuclear magnetic resonance and transmission Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy measurements to determine the average coordination (< r >) for these materials. Correlations of < r > to Young's modulus, hardness, thermal conductivity, resistivity, refractive index, intrinsic stress, mass density and porosity show that an extremely wide range in material properties (in some cases several orders of magnitude) can be achieved through reducing < r > via the controlled incorporation of terminal Si - H-x and C - H-x groups. We also demonstrate that the critical point at < r > <= 2.4 predicted by constraint theory exists in this material system and places limitations on the range of properties that can be achieved for future low-k a-SiC:H materials. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [King, Sean W.; Bielefeld, Jeff; Xu, Guanghai] Intel Corp, Log Technol Dev, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. [Lanford, William A.] SUNY Albany, Dept Phys, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Matsuda, Yusuke; Dauskardt, Reinhold H.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kim, Namjun] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hondongwa, Donald; Olasov, Lauren; Daly, Brian] Vassar Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA. [Stan, Gheorghe] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stan, Gheorghe] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, Ming; Dutta, Dhanadeep; Gidley, David] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Liu, Ming] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Nucl Reactor Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Dutta, Dhanadeep] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Div Radiochem, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. RP King, SW (reprint author), Intel Corp, Log Technol Dev, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. EM sean.king@intel.com OI Liu, Ming/0000-0002-4618-9537 NR 187 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 EI 1873-4812 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 379 BP 67 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2013.07.028 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 260DG UT WOS:000327574600011 ER PT J AU Cooper, DW Duffy-Anderson, JT Stockhausen, WT Cheng, W AF Cooper, D. W. Duffy-Anderson, J. T. Stockhausen, W. T. Cheng, W. TI Modeled connectivity between northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) spawning and nursery areas in the eastern Bering Sea SO JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Lepidopsetta polyxystra; Connectivity; Flatfish; Larvae; Juveniles ID OCEANIC MODEL; PACIFIC-OCEAN; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; ALASKA; SHELF; ASSOCIATIONS; TEMPERATURE; COORDINATE; TRANSPORT AB Connectivity between spawning and potential nursery areas of northern rock sole, Lepidopsetta polyxystra, in the eastern Bering Sea was examined using an individual-based biophysical-coupled model. Presumed spawning areas were identified using historical field-collected ichthyoplankton data, and nursery habitats were characterized based on previously described settlement areas. Simulated larvae were released from spawning areas near the Pribilof Islands, south of the Pribilof Islands along the outer continental shelf, on the north side of the Alaska Peninsula, and in the Gulf of Alaska south of Unimak Island. Simulated larvae were transported along two general pathways: 1) northwards along the outer continental shelf from Unimak Island towards the Pribilof Islands and further north offshore of mainland Alaska, and 2) eastward along the Alaska Peninsula. At the end of the 2-month simulation, drift pathways placed pre-settlement stage larvae offshore of known nursery areas of older juveniles near mainland Alaska, consistent with a hypothesis that initial settlement may be followed by substantial post-settlement redistribution. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cooper, D. W.; Duffy-Anderson, J. T.; Stockhausen, W. T.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Cheng, W.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Cooper, DW (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM dan.cooper@noaa.gov NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1101 EI 1873-1414 J9 J SEA RES JI J. Sea Res. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 84 SI SI BP 2 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.seares.2012.07.001 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 260CV UT WOS:000327573500002 ER PT J AU Peterson, JO Morgan, CA Peterson, WT Di Lorenzo, E AF Peterson, Jay O. Morgan, Cheryl A. Peterson, William T. Di Lorenzo, Emanuele TI Seasonal and interannual variation in the extent of hypoxia in the northern California Current from 1998-2012 SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; SURFACE WATERS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; CURRENT SYSTEM; PACIFIC; OCEAN; ECOSYSTEM; OXYGEN; RESPONSES; ECOLOGY AB This study addresses the occurrence, severity, and extent of hypoxia over the continental shelf of the northern California Current (40-48.5 degrees N latitude) from 1998 to 2012. Clear seasonal trends exist in the timing and duration of hypoxia. The highest bottom-water dissolved oxygen concentrations occurred from November to March, and levels below the 1.4 mL L-1 hypoxia threshold were detected during the upwelling season (May through October). Regions of hypoxia tended to occur north of 42 degrees N latitude and were most severe over the widest areas of the continental shelf. Hypoxic waters covered up to 62% (15,600 km(2)) of the continental shelf during some years (2002, 2007, 2008), and, 10% in others (2003, 2010-2011). There are seasonal and interannual shifts in both the depth and oxygen content of upwelled waters. Years with the greatest extent and severity of hypoxia had the lowest concentration of dissolved oxygen in upwelling source waters. The dissolved oxygen concentration of source waters showed a gradual decline from 1998 through 2007, with a subsequent increase from 2008-2010 before leveling off in 2011 and 2012. The variability in oxygen content of source waters correlates well with the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation and may indicate the importance of large-scale climate dynamics in determining the extent and severity of hypoxia in the northern California Current. C1 [Peterson, Jay O.; Morgan, Cheryl A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Peterson, William T.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR USA. [Di Lorenzo, Emanuele] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Peterson, JO (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM jay.peterson@oregonstate.edu RI Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/E-9107-2012 OI Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/0000-0002-1935-7363 FU National Science Foundation; NOAA; Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) FX We thank C. Tracy Shaw, Leah Feinberg, Jennifer Menkel, Jennifer Fisher, Aaron Chappelle, Alyssa Hopkins, Bobby Ireland, and the crew of the R/V Elakha for Newport Hydrographic Line data collection and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fish Ecology Plume group and the crew of the F/V Frosti for spatial data collection. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their significant improvements to the manuscript. This work was possible because of the people who collected and processed data as part of, and the funding provided by, the following agencies and programs: National Science Foundation (Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics [GLOBEC], River Influence on Shelf Ecosystems [RISE]), NOAA (Stock Assessment Improvement Program [SAIP]), and the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA; Ocean Survival of Salmon Project). This is GLOBEC contribution 732 and RISE contribution 54. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 58 IS 6 BP 2279 EP 2292 DI 10.4319/lo.2013.58.6.2279 PG 14 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 257OW UT WOS:000327395400029 ER PT J AU Rice, A Phillips, PJ O'Toole, A AF Rice, Allyson Phillips, P. Jonathon O'Toole, Alice TI The Role of the Face and Body in Unfamiliar Person Identification SO APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUSIFORM GYRUS; PERCEPTION; SELECTIVITY; RECOGNITION; CORTEX; AREA C1 [Rice, Allyson; O'Toole, Alice] Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Phillips, P. Jonathon] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP O'Toole, A (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Sch Behav & Brain Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. EM otoole@utdallas.edu NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-4080 EI 1099-0720 J9 APPL COGNITIVE PSYCH JI Appl. Cogn. Psychol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 27 IS 6 BP 761 EP 768 PG 8 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 257NU UT WOS:000327392400008 ER PT J AU Travis, WR Huisenga, MT AF Travis, William R. Huisenga, Mary T. TI The effect of rate of change, variability, and extreme events on the pace of adaptation to a changing climate SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID IRRIGATION; IMPACTS; SYSTEMS; USA AB When is it time to adopt different technologies, management strategies, and resource use practices as underlying climate change occurs? We apply risk and decision analysis to test hypotheses about the timing and pace of adaption in response to different profiles of climate change and extremes expressed as yield and income variation for a simulated dryland wheat farm in the United States Great Plains. Climate scenarios include gradual change with typical or increased noise (standard deviation), rapid and large change, and gradual change with extreme events stepped through the simulation. We test decision strategies that might logically be utilized by farmers facing a climate trend that worsens crop enterprise outcomes. Adaptation quickens with the rate of change, especially for decision strategies based on performance thresholds, but is delayed by larger climate variability, especially for decision strategies based on recognizing growing differential between adaptive and non-adaptive performance. Extreme events evoke adaptation sooner than gradual change alone, and in some scenarios extremes evoke premature, inefficient, adaptation. C1 [Travis, William R.; Huisenga, Mary T.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Ctr Sci & Technol Policy Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Travis, William R.; Huisenga, Mary T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Travis, WR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, 260 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM william.travis@colorado.edu OI Travis, William/0000-0002-9197-1317 FU Western Water Assessment, part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Regional Integrated Science and Assessment (RISA) program FX This research was supported by the Western Water Assessment, part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Regional Integrated Science and Assessment (RISA) program. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD NOV PY 2013 VL 121 IS 2 BP 209 EP 222 DI 10.1007/s10584-013-0876-3 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 251QD UT WOS:000326944000009 ER PT J AU Fang, YY Mauzerall, DL Liu, JF Fiore, AM Horowitz, LW AF Fang, Yuanyuan Mauzerall, Denise L. Liu, Junfeng Fiore, Arlene M. Horowitz, Larry W. TI Impacts of 21st century climate change on global air pollution-related premature mortality SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID OZONE POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; HUMAN HEALTH; EXPOSURE; MODELS; TRANSPORT; QUALITY AB Climate change modulates surface concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O-3), indirectly affecting premature mortality attributed to air pollution. We estimate the change in global premature mortality and years of life lost (YLL) associated with changes in surface O-3 and PM2.5 over the 21st century as a result of climate change. We use a global coupled chemistry-climate model to simulate current and future climate and the effect of changing climate on air quality. Epidemiological concentration-response relationships are applied to estimate resulting changes in premature mortality and YLL. The effect of climate change on air quality is isolated by holding emissions of air pollutants constant while allowing climate to evolve over the 21st century according to a moderate projection of greenhouse gas emissions (A1B scenario). Resulting changes in 21st century climate alone lead to an increase in simulated PM2.5 concentrations globally, and to higher (lower) O-3 concentrations over populated (remote) regions. Global annual premature mortality associated with chronic exposure to PM2.5 increases by approximately 100 thousand deaths (95 % confidence interval, CI, of 66-130 thousand) with corresponding YLL increasing by nearly 900 thousand (95 % CI, 576-1,128 thousand) years. The annual premature mortality due to respiratory disease associated with chronic O-3 exposure increases by +6,300 deaths (95 % CI, 1,600-10,400). This climate penalty indicates that stronger emission controls will be needed in the future to meet current air quality standards and to avoid higher health risks associated with climate change induced worsening of air quality over populated regions. C1 [Fang, Yuanyuan; Mauzerall, Denise L.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Fang, Yuanyuan] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Mauzerall, Denise L.] Princeton Univ, Civil & Environm Engn Dept, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Liu, Junfeng] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Fiore, Arlene M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY USA. [Fiore, Arlene M.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Horowitz, Larry W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Mauzerall, DL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM mauzeral@princeton.edu RI Fang, Yuanyuan/F-1308-2011; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Mauzerall, Denise/I-5977-2013 OI Fang, Yuanyuan/0000-0001-7067-7103; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Mauzerall, Denise/0000-0003-3479-1798 NR 53 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 58 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD NOV PY 2013 VL 121 IS 2 BP 239 EP 253 DI 10.1007/s10584-013-0847-8 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 251QD UT WOS:000326944000011 ER PT J AU Williams, D AF Williams, Dylan TI Traveling Waves and Power Waves SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID GUIDE CIRCUIT-THEORY; CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCE; CAUSALITY C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Williams, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1527-3342 EI 1557-9581 J9 IEEE MICROW MAG JI IEEE Microw. Mag. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 14 IS 7 BP 38 EP 45 DI 10.1109/MMM.2013.2279494 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 259BC UT WOS:000327501400007 ER PT J AU Zhu, H Yuan, H Li, HT Richter, CA Kirillov, O Ioannou, DE Li, QL AF Zhu, Hao Yuan, Hui Li, Haitao Richter, Curt A. Kirillov, Oleg Ioannou, Dimitris E. Li, Qiliang TI Design and Fabrication of Ta2O5 Stacks for Discrete Multibit Memory Application SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Band gap; charge trapping; high-k dielectric; multibit memory; nonvolatile memory ID HIGH-K DIELECTRICS; DEPOSITED HFO2; SONOS MEMORY; FLASH MEMORY; DEVICE; LAYER; FILMS; STORAGE; OXIDE; MONOLAYERS AB In this paper, tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) has been investigated as the charge-storage dielectric for discrete, multibit memory applications. Two Ta2O5 containing dielectric stacks, Al2O3/Ta2O5/SiO2 and Al2O3/Ta2O5/Al2O3/Ta2O5/SiO2, have been fabricated and measured. Both structures exhibited excellent nonvolatile memory characteristics: fast program/erase speed with significant flat-band voltage shift at 1 mu s, long retention, and good endurance. Interesting multiple staircase memory characteristics observed in the devices with two layers of Ta2O5 exhibit multiple, discrete charge-storage states. Such an integration of multibit in one cell is very attractive for developing high-density nonvolatile memory. C1 [Zhu, Hao; Yuan, Hui; Li, Haitao; Ioannou, Dimitris E.; Li, Qiliang] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Zhu, Hao; Yuan, Hui; Li, Haitao; Richter, Curt A.; Kirillov, Oleg; Ioannou, Dimitris E.; Li, Qiliang] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhu, H (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM hao.zhu@nist.gov; Hui.Yuan@nist.gov; Haitao.Li@nist.gov; curt.richter@nist.gov; Oleg.Kirillov@nist.gov; dioannou@gmu.edu; qli6@gmu.edu RI Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015 OI Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695 FU U.S. NIST [60NANB11D148]; U.S. NSF [ECCS-0846649]; NSF [1127093]; Virginia Microelectronics Consortium Research fund FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. NIST Grant 60NANB11D148, in part by the U.S. NSF ECCS-0846649, in part by the NSF 1127093, and in part by the Virginia Microelectronics Consortium Research fund. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-125X EI 1941-0085 J9 IEEE T NANOTECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1151 EP 1157 DI 10.1109/TNANO.2013.2281817 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 258AC UT WOS:000327428600047 ER PT J AU Ravets, S Hoffman, JE Kordell, PR Wong-Campos, JD Rolston, SL Orozco, LA AF Ravets, S. Hoffman, J. E. Kordell, P. R. Wong-Campos, J. D. Rolston, S. L. Orozco, L. A. TI Intermodal energy transfer in a tapered optical fiber: optimizing transmission SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL ATOMS; NANOFIBER; TRANSMITTANCE; RADIATION; FIELD; TRAP AB We present an experimental and theoretical study of the energy transfer between modes during the tapering process of an optical nanofiber through spectrogram analysis. The results allow optimization of the tapering process, and we measure transmission in excess of 99.95% for the fundamental mode. We quantify the adiabaticity condition through calculations and place an upper bound on the amount of energy transferred to other modes at each step of the tapering, giving practical limits to the tapering angle. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Ravets, S.; Hoffman, J. E.; Kordell, P. R.; Wong-Campos, J. D.; Rolston, S. L.; Orozco, L. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ravets, S.; Hoffman, J. E.; Kordell, P. R.; Wong-Campos, J. D.; Rolston, S. L.; Orozco, L. A.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ravets, S.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Opt, Lab Charles Fabry, F-91127 Palaiseau, France. RP Orozco, LA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM lorozco@umd.edu RI rolston, steven/L-5175-2013 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190 FU National Science Foundation through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute; Army Research Office Atomtronics MURI; Fulbright Foundation FX We thank Prof. A. Rauschenbeutel for his interest and support on this project. This work was funded by the National Science Foundation through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute, and the Army Research Office Atomtronics MURI. S. R. acknowledges support from the Fulbright Foundation. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 15 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 EI 1520-8532 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 30 IS 11 BP 2361 EP 2371 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.30.002361 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 254RP UT WOS:000327185000026 PM 24322937 ER PT J AU Shi, J Li, ZD Kvit, A Krylyuk, S Davydov, AV Wang, XD AF Shi, Jian Li, Zhaodong Kvit, Alexander Krylyuk, Sergiy Davydov, Albert V. Wang, Xudong TI Electron Microscopy Observation of TiO2 Nanocrystal Evolution in High-Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE TiO2; atomic layer deposition; Ostwald-Lussac law; oriented attachment ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; APOFERRITIN CRYSTALLIZATION; ORIENTED ATTACHMENT; NUCLEUS STRUCTURE; GROWTH; SURFACE; NANOSTRUCTURES; DIELECTRICS; NUCLEATION; KINETICS AB Understanding the evolution of amorphous and crystalline phases during atomic layer deposition (ALD) is essential for creating high quality dielectrics, multifunctional films/coatings, and predictable surface functionalization. Through comprehensive atomistic electron microscopy study of ALD TiO2 nanostructures at designed growth cycles, we revealed the transformation process and sequence of atom arrangement during TiO2 ALD growth. Evolution of TiO2 nanostruaures in ALD was found following a path from amorphous layers to amorphous particles to metastable crystallites and ultimately to stable crystalline forms. Such a phase evolution is a manifestation of the Ostwald-Lussac Law, which governs the advent sequence and amount ratio of different phases in high-temperature TiO2 ALD nanostructures. The amorphous-crystalline mixture also enables a unique anisotropic crystal growth behavior at high temperature forming TiO2 nanorods via the principle of vapor-phase oriented attachment. C1 [Shi, Jian; Li, Zhaodong; Kvit, Alexander; Wang, Xudong] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kvit, Alexander] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Mat Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Krylyuk, Sergiy; Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krylyuk, Sergiy] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wang, XD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1509 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM xudong@engr.wisc.edu RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Wang, Xudong/A-7067-2009 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0008711]; Air Force [FA95.50-13-1-0168] FX The authors thank financial support from by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award DE-SC0008711, and Air Force under Award FA95.50-13-1-0168. NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 13 IS 11 BP 5727 EP 5734 DI 10.1021/nl403566u PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 253TH UT WOS:000327111700115 PM 24094132 ER PT J AU Neher, TDH Rosenberger, AE Zimmerman, CE Walker, CM Baird, SJ AF Neher, Tammy D. Hoem Rosenberger, Amanda E. Zimmerman, Christian E. Walker, Coowe M. Baird, Steven J. TI Estuarine Environments as Rearing Habitats for Juvenile Coho Salmon in Contrasting South-Central Alaska Watersheds SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; LIFE-HISTORY; ATLANTIC SALMON; FISH OTOLITHS; RIVER ESTUARY; TSHAWYTSCHA; MIGRATION; OREGON; WILD AB For Pacific salmon, estuaries are typically considered transitional staging areas between freshwater and marine environments, but their potential as rearing habitat has only recently been recognized. The objectives of this study were two-fold: (1) to determine if Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch were rearing in estuarine habitats, and (2) to characterize and compare the body length, age, condition, and duration and timing of estuarine occupancy of juvenile Coho Salmon between the two contrasting estuaries. We examined use of estuary habitats with analysis of microchemistry and microstructure of sagittal otoliths in two watersheds of south-central Alaska. Juvenile Coho Salmon were classified as estuary residents or nonresidents (recent estuary immigrants) based on otolith Sr : Ca ratios and counts of daily growth increments on otoliths. The estuaries differed in water source (glacial versus snowmelt hydrographs) and in relative estuarine and watershed area. Juvenile Coho Salmon with evidence of estuary rearing were greater in body length and condition than individuals lacking evidence of estuarine rearing. Coho Salmon captured in the glacial estuary had greater variability in body length and condition, and younger age-classes predominated the catch compared with the nearby snowmelt-fed, smaller estuary. Estuary-rearing fish in the glacial estuary arrived later and remained longer (39 versus 24 d of summer growth) during the summer than did fish using the snowmelt estuary. Finally, we observed definitive patterns of overwintering in estuarine and near shore environments in both estuaries. Evidence of estuary rearing and overwintering with differences in fish traits among contrasting estuary types refute the notion that estuaries function as only staging or transitional habitats in the early life history of Coho Salmon. C1 [Neher, Tammy D. Hoem] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Div Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Rosenberger, Amanda E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Zimmerman, Christian E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Walker, Coowe M.; Baird, Steven J.] Kachemak Bay Res Reserve, Homer, AK 99603 USA. RP Neher, TDH (reprint author), NOAA, Kasitsna Bay Lab, 2181 Kachemak Dr, Homer, AK 99603 USA. EM tammy.neher@noaa.gov OI Zimmerman, Christian/0000-0002-3646-0688 FU Estuarine Reserves Division, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; State Wildlife Grants; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Alaska Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research FX This work was completed as part of student graduate research and much appreciation is expressed to University of Alaska School of Fisheries professors Franz Mueter and Megan McPhee for their review and guidance of the dissertation work leading to this manuscript. Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve provided staff support, facilities, and equipment for completion of this study. Research team members Angela Doroff, Ori Badajos, and Jasmine Maurer provided much appreciated assistance with equipment, data management, and editorial review. We thank volunteer assistants Janet Fink, Jason Neher, Charles Owens, and Michelle Gutsch. Additional staff and equipment support came from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center, and the University of Alaska School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences. Portions of this work were performed at the Advanced Instrumentation Laboratory, University of Alaska Fairbanks, and we thank Karen Spaleta for her guidance in the laboratory. We especially thank Charles Simenstad for his guidance on the project and review of this manuscript and the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions. This research was conducted in the National Estuarine Research Reserve System under an award from the Estuarine Reserves Division, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Additional funding was provided by State Wildlife Grants to KBRR, the University of Alaska Fairbanks, and Alaska Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research. All work involving use and handling of animals was completed under the University of Alaska Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approved sampling plans. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 6 BP 1481 EP 1494 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.815660 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 258OX UT WOS:000327469700001 ER PT J AU Cerino, D Overton, AS Rice, JA Morris, JA AF Cerino, David Overton, Anthony S. Rice, James A. Morris, James A., Jr. TI Bioenergetics and Trophic Impacts of the Invasive Indo-Pacific Lionfish SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PTEROIS-VOLITANS/MILES COMPLEX; PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; BAHAMIAN CORAL-REEFS; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; LARGEMOUTH BASS; PREDATION RATES; ATLANTIC COAST; UNITED-STATES; MARINE FISHES; GREAT-LAKES AB Indo-Pacific lionfish, the Red Lionfish Pterois volitans and the Devil Firefish P. miles, are nonnative marine fish that have invaded the western North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico. Rapid population growth of this invasive predator threatens native fish communities. A bioenergetics model was developed for lionfish (i.e., both species) and then applied to estimate the potential impact of these predators on a reef fish community. We conducted a series of laboratory trials to evaluate consumption and respiration rates between 14 degrees C and 32 degrees C for lionfish weighing from 20 to 400g. Water temperature greatly influenced consumption; mean daily consumption rates increased from 14 degrees C to 29.7 degrees C and declined at 32.5 degrees C. Energy density of the prey was the most sensitive parameter in the model and estimates of food consumption corresponded with empirical and laboratory estimates. To realize population-level impacts, we applied the bioenergetics model to a size-structured virtual population of 393 lionfish/ha on a reef in the Bahamas. Model simulations estimated that this population would annually consume 929kg of prey/ha when feeding at 60% of maximum consumption. This model provides the first comprehensive assessment of lionfish bioenergetics accounting for the effects of size and temperature on prey consumption and improves the capacity to evaluate the trophic impacts of lionfish in the Atlantic Ocean. C1 [Cerino, David; Morris, James A., Jr.] NOAA, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Cerino, David; Overton, Anthony S.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Rice, James A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Cerino, D (reprint author), Roger Williams Univ, Ctr Econ & Environm Dev, 1 Old Ferry Rd, Bristol, RI 02809 USA. EM dcerino@rwu.edu FU NOAA Aquatic Invasive Species Program; NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science FX We thank C. Buckel, K. Brennan, J. Buckel, J. Burke, M. Burton, B. Degan, B. Edwards, D. Evans, D. Field, J. Hackney, D. Johnson, R. Mays, J. Mohan, J. Morley, R. Munoz, W. Oglesby, K. Riley, and B. Teer for assistance in the field and laboratory portions of this work. This manuscript was greatly improved by reviews from C. Price, J. Smith, P. Marraro, and two anonymous reviewers. This work was funded by the NOAA Aquatic Invasive Species Program and the NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science to J.A.M. Views expressed are those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent policy of any government agency. NR 75 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 65 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 6 BP 1522 EP 1534 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.811098 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 258OX UT WOS:000327469700004 ER PT J AU Gervelis, BJ Natanson, LJ AF Gervelis, Brian J. Natanson, Lisa J. TI Age and Growth of the Common Thresher Shark in the Western North Atlantic Ocean SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BOMB RADIOCARBON; LAMNA-NASUS; CARCHARHINUS-PLUMBEUS; SANDBAR SHARK; PORBEAGLE; VALIDATION; PARAMETERS; VERTEBRAE; SYMMETRY; PACIFIC AB Age and growth estimates were generated for the Common Thresher Shark Alopias vulpinus in the western North Atlantic (WNA) using vertebral centra from 173 females and 135 males ranging in size from 56 to 264cm FL. Assuming that vertebral band pairs were deposited annually, we estimated ages up to 22years (228cm FL) for males and 24years (244cm FL) for females. The growth of both sexes was similar until approximately age 8 (185cm FL), after which male growth slowed. The growth of females slowed at a later age (approximate to age 12) than that of males. Relative goodness of fit for all candidate models supported the separate modeling of sexes. For males, von Bertalanffy growth parameters generated from the vertebral data using a set size at birth (81cm FL) provided the best fit for the band counts (asymptotic length [L ] = 225.4cm FL; growth coefficient [k] = 0.17). For females, the standard three-parameter von Bertalanffy growth model provided the best fit to the band counts (L = 274.5cm FL; k = 0.09; theoretical age at a length of zero [t(0)] = -4.82). These are the first growth parameters generated for Common Thresher Sharks in the WNA and can be used to make informed decisions for the management of this species. C1 [Gervelis, Brian J.; Natanson, Lisa J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Gervelis, BJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM brian.gervelis@noaa.gov FU Lerner-Gray Foundation FX This study would not have been possible without the staff of the NMFS Apex Predators Program (Narragansett, Rhode Island), including Nancy Kohler, Pat Turner, Ruth Briggs, Cami McCandless, Dave McElroy, Jeff Kneebone, Bryan DeAngelis, and Karen Tougas. We also thank Greg Skomal, John Carlson, Chris Jensen, and Steve McCandless for collecting samples. We are indebted to the thousands of tournament fishermen who voluntarily provided samples from shark tournaments and who tagged and returned sharks for the NMFS Cooperative Shark Tagging Program. This study was partially funded by a grant from the Lerner-Gray Foundation. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 6 BP 1535 EP 1545 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.815658 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 258OX UT WOS:000327469700005 ER PT J AU Natanson, LJ Gervelis, BJ AF Natanson, Lisa J. Gervelis, Brian J. TI The Reproductive Biology of the Common Thresher Shark in the Western North Atlantic Ocean SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ALOPIAS-SUPERCILIOSUS; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; BIGEYE THRESHER; CARCHARHINUS-OBSCURUS; SOUTHERN BRAZIL; PORBEAGLE SHARK; LAMNA-NASUS; DUSKY SHARK; SAND TIGER; GROWTH AB Reproductive organs from 130 male and 256 female Common Thresher Sharks Alopias vulpinus were examined to describe the reproductive characteristics and determine size at maturity and reproductive seasonality for the species in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Males ranged in size from 78 to 237cm FL and females ranged from 62 to 263cm FL. The onset of maturity in males was best described by an inflection in the relationship of clasper length to FL in combination with the degree of clasper calcification. Males matured between 181 and 198cm FL, and estimated median size at maturity was 188cm FL. In females, changes in the relationship between ovary and uterus length and width with FL were used to estimate the size at maturity. Females matured between 208 and 224cm FL; the estimated median size at maturity was 216cm FL. Litter sizes averaged 3.7 young. The period of parturition is protracted, spanning late spring to late summer (May-August). As in other Lamniformes, young are nourished through oophagy. The proportion of mature females in the resting, pregnant, and postpartum stages provides evidence that indicates that the Common Thresher Shark does not reproduce annually. C1 [Natanson, Lisa J.; Gervelis, Brian J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Natanson, LJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM lisa.natanson@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 6 BP 1546 EP 1562 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.811099 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 258OX UT WOS:000327469700006 ER PT J AU Rohde, J Kagley, AN Fresh, KL Goetz, FA Quinn, TP AF Rohde, Jessica Kagley, Anna N. Fresh, Kurt L. Goetz, Fred A. Quinn, Thomas P. TI Partial Migration and Diel Movement Patterns in Puget Sound Coho Salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE SOCKEYE-SALMON; WIRE TAG RECOVERIES; CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; ANTIPREDATION WINDOW; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; OCEAN MIGRATION; MARINE SURVIVAL; PACIFIC SALMON; STRIPED BASS AB Partial migration, a term referring to populations in which only a fraction of the individuals migrate, is a widespread phenomenon among fishes. However, it is not always clear whether there are only two alternatives (migration or residency) or a continuum of movement patterns. For example, Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch are anadromous, and most individuals rear over the continental shelf or in offshore waters of the North Pacific Ocean; however, some Coho Salmon (known as residents) spend all or part of their marine lives within Puget Sound. The movements of residents are poorly documented, and it is unclear whether they ever leave Puget Sound and move to the coast of Washington and to what extent they move within Puget Sound. Accordingly, the goal of this study was to investigate the patterns of movement by immature Coho Salmon in Puget Sound at a series of spatial scales. We tagged 45 resident Coho Salmon in the central basin of Puget Sound with acoustic transmitters and detected their movements with fixed receivers in the Salish Sea. Seven individuals were detected as departing Puget Sound through the Strait of Juan de Fuca, but these fish did not differ in body size, origin (wild or hatchery), or tagging date from fish that remained in Puget Sound. The fish remaining as residents seldom moved between the marine basins of Puget Sound. Within the central basin, deeper/offshore sites had higher frequencies of detection and other indices of site use. Fish were more often present and moved more often at shallow sites close to shore during the night, whereas they were more often present and moved more at deep, offshore sites during the day. We suggest that rather than being a discrete behavior, residence in Puget Sound by Coho Salmon is part of a continuum of migratory behavior patterns. C1 [Rohde, Jessica; Goetz, Fred A.; Quinn, Thomas P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kagley, Anna N.; Fresh, Kurt L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. [Goetz, Fred A.] US Army Corps Engineers, Seattle, WA 98134 USA. RP Rohde, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM rohdej@uw.edu FU State of Washington's Salmon Recovery Funding Board through the Washington Recreation and Conservation Office; NOAA Fisheries; H. Mason Keeler Endowment at the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington FX We thank the many agencies responsible for deployment and retrieval of receivers and for sharing their data with us, including but not limited to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Northwest Fisheries Science Center, the University of Washington's School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Seattle Aquarium, Seattle City Light, the Nisqually and Squaxin Island tribal fisheries departments, and the Pacific Ocean Shelf Tracking Project. We thank Joshua Chamberlin for help in the field and with data analysis and interpretation and Jennifer Scheuerell and Dawn Spillsbury Pucci for help with database management. Genetic analysis to verify the species identification was conducted by David Kuligowski and David Teel (NOAA Fisheries). Funding for this project was provided by the State of Washington's Salmon Recovery Funding Board through the Washington Recreation and Conservation Office, NOAA Fisheries, and the H. Mason Keeler Endowment at the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington. NR 78 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 6 BP 1615 EP 1628 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.822421 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 258OX UT WOS:000327469700011 ER PT J AU Kleisner, KM Longo, C Coll, M Halpern, BS Hardy, D Katona, SK Le Manach, F Pauly, D Rosenberg, AA Samhouri, JF Scarborough, C Sumaila, UR Watson, R Zeller, D AF Kleisner, Kristin M. Longo, Catherine Coll, Marta Halpern, Ben S. Hardy, Darren Katona, Steven K. Le Manach, Frederic Pauly, Daniel Rosenberg, Andrew A. Samhouri, Jameal F. Scarborough, Courtney Sumaila, U. Rashid Watson, Reg Zeller, Dirk TI Exploring Patterns of Seafood Provision Revealed in the Global Ocean Health Index SO AMBIO LA English DT Article DE Indicator; Status; Assessment; Fisheries; Mariculture; Aquaculture; Seafood; FAO ID FISHERIES; ECOSYSTEMS AB Sustainable provision of seafood from wild-capture fisheries and mariculture is a fundamental component of healthy marine ecosystems and a major component of the Ocean Health Index. Here we critically review the food provision model of the Ocean Health Index, and explore the implications of knowledge gaps, scale of analysis, choice of reference points, measures of sustainability, and quality of input data. Global patterns for fisheries are positively related to human development and latitude, whereas patterns for mariculture are most closely associated with economic importance of seafood. Sensitivity analyses show that scores are robust to several model assumptions, but highly sensitive to choice of reference points and, for fisheries, extent of time series available to estimate landings. We show how results for sustainable seafood may be interpreted and used, and we evaluate which modifications show the greatest potential for improvements. C1 [Kleisner, Kristin M.; Le Manach, Frederic; Pauly, Daniel; Sumaila, U. Rashid; Zeller, Dirk] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Longo, Catherine; Scarborough, Courtney] NCEAS, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Coll, Marta] Inst Marine Sci, Dept Marine Renewal Resources, Barcelona 08003, Spain. [Halpern, Ben S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hardy, Darren] Stanford Univ Libraries, Digital Lib Syst & Serv, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hardy, Darren] Betty & Gordon Moore Ctr Sci & Oceans, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Le Manach, Frederic] Inst Rech Dev, UMR212, F-34203 Sete, France. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Ctr Sci & Democracy, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Samhouri, Jameal F.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Watson, Reg] Univ Tasmania, IMAS, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Kleisner, KM (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM k.kleisner@fisheries.ubc.ca; longo@nceas.ucsb.edu; mcoll@icm.csic.es; halpern@bren.ucsb.edu; drh@stanford.edu; skatona@conservation.org; f.lemanach@fisheries.ubc.ca; d.pauly@fisheries.ubc.ca; arosenberg@ucsusa.org; jameal.samhouri@noaa.gov; scarborough@nceas.ucsb.edu; r.sumaila@fisheries.ubc.ca; rwatson@ecomarres.com; d.zeller@fisheries.ubc.ca RI Le Manach, Frederic/K-1901-2013; OI Le Manach, Frederic/0000-0002-7217-0530; Watson, Reg/0000-0001-7201-8865 FU Pacific Life Foundation; Thomas W. Haas Fund; Oak Foundation; Akiko Shiraki Dynner Fund; Darden Restaurants Inc. Foundation; Conservation International; New England Aquarium; National Geographic; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS); Marie-Curie CIG Fellowships; Ramon y Cajal program of the Spanish Government FX Beau and Heather Wrigley provided the founding grant for the original Ocean Health Index work. Additional financial and in-kind support was provided by the Pacific Life Foundation, the Thomas W. Haas Fund, the Oak Foundation, the Akiko Shiraki Dynner Fund, Darden Restaurants Inc. Foundation, Conservation International, New England Aquarium, National Geographic, and the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS). This is a contribution from the NCEAS Ecosystem Health Working Group and the Sea Around Us project, a collaboration between The University of British Columbia and The Pew Charitable Trusts. We thank A. Tavakolie for assistance with some of the indices. MC was supported by a Marie-Curie CIG Fellowships and a research contract of the Ramon y Cajal program of the Spanish Government. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-7447 EI 1654-7209 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD NOV PY 2013 VL 42 IS 8 SI SI BP 910 EP 922 DI 10.1007/s13280-013-0447-x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 250YJ UT WOS:000326892600002 PM 24213991 ER PT J AU Guillevic, PC Bork-Unkelbach, A Gottsche, FM Hulley, G Gastellu-Etchegorry, JP Olesen, FS Privette, JL AF Guillevic, Pierre C. Bork-Unkelbach, Annika Goettsche, Frank M. Hulley, Glynn Gastellu-Etchegorry, Jean-Philippe Olesen, Folke S. Privette, Jeffrey L. TI Directional Viewing Effects on Satellite Land Surface Temperature Products Over Sparse Vegetation Canopies-A Multisensor Analysis SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Field experiment; land surface temperature (LST); Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI); viewing directional effects ID EMISSIVITY PRODUCTS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; VALIDATION; ASTER AB Thermal infrared satellite observations of the Earth's surface are key components in estimating the surface skin temperature over global land areas. However, depending on sun illumination and viewing directional configurations, satellites measure different surface radiometric temperatures, particularly over sparsely vegetated regions where the radiometric contributions from soil and vegetation vary with the sun and viewing geometry. Over an oak tree woodland located near the town of Evora, Portugal, we compare different satellite-based land surface temperature (LST) products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer on board the Terra and Aqua polar-orbiting satellites and from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager on board the geostationary Meteosat satellite with ground-based LST. The observed differences between LSTs derived from polar and geostationary satellites are up to 12 K due to directional effects. In this letter, we develop a methodology based on a radiative transfer model and dedicated field radiometric measurements to interpret and validate directional remote sensing measurements. The methodology is used to estimate the quantitative uncertainty in LST products derived from polar-orbiting satellites over a sparse vegetation canopy. C1 [Guillevic, Pierre C.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Bork-Unkelbach, Annika; Goettsche, Frank M.; Olesen, Folke S.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Hulley, Glynn] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gastellu-Etchegorry, Jean-Philippe] Ctr Etud Spati Biosphere, F-31401 Toulouse, France. [Privette, Jeffrey L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Guillevic, PC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM pierre.guillevic@noaa.gov RI Gottsche, Frank-Michael/A-7362-2013; Privette, Jeffrey/G-7807-2011 OI Gottsche, Frank-Michael/0000-0001-5836-5430; Privette, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8267-9894 FU Joint Polar Satellite System program; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Climate Data Record project, through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina [NA09NES4400006] FX This work was supported in part by the Joint Polar Satellite System program, and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Climate Data Record project, through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement NA09NES4400006. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1464 EP 1468 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2013.2260319 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 251XI UT WOS:000326966700039 ER PT J AU Cao, CY Shao, X Uprety, S AF Cao, Changyong Shao, Xi Uprety, Sirish TI Detecting Light Outages After Severe Storms Using the S-NPP/VIIRS Day/Night Band Radiances SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Day/night band (DNB); derecho; Hurricane Sandy; light/power outage detection; nighttime remote sensing; Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) Visible; Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) AB Power outages after a major storm affect the lives of millions of people and cause massive light outages. The launch of the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite with the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) significantly enhances our capability to monitor and detect light outages with the well-calibrated day/night band (DNB) and to use light loss signatures as indication of regional power outages. This study explores the use of the DNB in quantifying light outages due to the derecho storm in the Washington DC metropolitan area in June 2012 and Hurricane Sandy at the end of October 2012 on the East Coast of U.S. The results show that the DNB data are very useful in detecting power outages by quantifying light loss, but it also has some challenges due to clouds, lunar illumination, and straylight effect. Comparison of light outage and recovery trend determined from DNB data with power company survey shows reasonable agreement, demonstrating the usefulness of DNB in independently verifying and complementing the statistics from power companies. C1 [Cao, Changyong] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Shao, Xi] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Uprety, Sirish] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Cao, CY (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM changyong.cao@noaa.gov; xi.shao@noaa.gov; sirish.uprety@noaa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Shao, Xi/H-9452-2016 FU Joint Polar Satellite System program FX This work was supported in part by the Joint Polar Satellite System program. The contents of this letter are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1582 EP 1586 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2013.2262258 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 251XI UT WOS:000326966700063 ER PT J AU Gu, DZ Randa, J Walker, DK AF Gu, Dazhen Randa, James Walker, David K. TI A Geometric Error Model for Misaligned Calibration Target in Passive Microwave Remote-Sensing Systems SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Blackbody target; microwave radiometer; misalignment; thermal radiation; uncertainty analysis AB We present a geometric error model associated with calibration-target misalignment in passive microwave remote- sensing systems. The developed analytic formulation is universally applicable to both lateral and rotational misalignment conditions. Numerical simulations are performed on two practical blackbody targets of different sizes used as radiation references for passive microwave remote sensing. The significance of this work is to furnish a framework of uncertainty analysis due to target misalignment and to provide a reference for alignment requirements based on passive radiometer measurement sensitivity. C1 [Gu, Dazhen; Randa, James; Walker, David K.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gu, Dazhen] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Randa, James] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Gu, DZ (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dazhen.gu@nist.gov; james.randa@nist.gov; david.walker@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology, an agency of the U.S. Government FX This work was supported by National Institute of Standards and Technology, an agency of the U.S. Government, and is not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1597 EP 1601 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2013.2262471 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 251XI UT WOS:000326966700066 ER PT J AU Orakova, SM Rasulov, SM Abdulagatov, IM AF Orakova, Sadia M. Rasulov, Suleiman M. Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M. TI Experimental study of the isomorphism behavior of weakly (C-VX) and strongly (C-PX, K-TX) singular properties of 0.082 n-hexane+0.918 water mixtures near the upper critical point SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS LA English DT Article DE Crossover equation of state; Phase equilibria; Upper critical point; Krichevskii parameter; Isomorphism; Supercritical fluid ID ISOCHORIC HEAT-CAPACITY; PARTIAL MOLAR VOLUMES; EQUATION-OF-STATE; SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID MIXTURES; NEAR-CRITICAL MIXTURES; N-HEXANE MIXTURES; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; HIGH-PRESSURES; DILUTE MIXTURES; INFINITE DILUTION AB One-phase PVTx properties, three-phase (L-L-V) and two-phase (L-V) boundary properties (P-S, T-S, rho(S)), the critical parameters (P-C, T-C, rho(C)) of dilute (0.082 mole fraction of n-hexane) n-hexane + water mixture at temperatures from 309 to 677 K and pressures from 0.012 to 61 MPa, including upper critical point and supercritical conditions have been measured with a constant-volume piezometer technique. The expanded uncertainty of the density, pressure, and temperature measurements at the 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 is estimated to be 0.10% (at high densities) to 0.12% (at low densities), 0.0005 to 0.005 MPa, and 15 mK, respectively. The crossover from pure-like to mixture like critical behavior of the weakly (C-VX) and strongly (C-PX, K-TX) singular properties in terms of the principle of isomorphism of critical phenomena in binary mixtures has been studied. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Orakova, Sadia M.; Rasulov, Suleiman M.; Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 87 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7322 EI 1873-3166 J9 J MOL LIQ JI J. Mol. Liq. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 187 BP 7 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.molliq.2013.06.004 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 249GR UT WOS:000326766200002 ER PT J AU Pearlman, A Pogorzala, D Cao, CY AF Pearlman, Aaron Pogorzala, David Cao, Changyong TI GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager: spectral response functions and radiometric biases with the NPP Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite evaluated for desert calibration sites SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; SATELLITE SENSORS; SPECTROMETER; RADIANCE; AIRS; IRRADIANCE; SYSTEM; NPOESS AB The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI), which will be launched in late 2015 on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R-series satellite, will be evaluated in terms of its data quality post launch through comparisons with other satellite sensors such as the recently launched Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite(VIIRS) aboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite. The ABI has completed much of its prelaunch characterization and its developers have generated and released its channel spectral response functions (response versus wavelength). Using these responses and constraining a radiative transfer model with ground reflectance, aerosol, and water vapor measurements, we simulate observed top of atmosphere (TOA) reflectances for analogous visible and near infrared channels of the VIIRS and ABI sensors at the Sonoran Desert and White Sands National Monument sites and calculate the radiometric biases and their uncertainties. We also calculate sensor TOA reflectances using aircraft hyperspectral data from the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer to validate the uncertainties in several of the ABI and VIIRS channels and discuss the potential for validating the others. Once on-orbit, calibration scientists can use these biases to ensure ABI data quality and consistency to support the numerical weather prediction community and other data users. They can also use the results for ABI or VIIRS anomaly detection and resolution. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Pearlman, Aaron] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Pogorzala, David] Integr Applicat Inc, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [Cao, Changyong] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Pearlman, A (reprint author), Earth Resources Technol Inc, 14401 Sweitzer Lane Suite 300, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. EM aaron.pearlman@ertcorp.com RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Pearlman, Aaron/L-8912-2013 OI Pearlman, Aaron/0000-0002-4498-2208 FU GOES-R FX The authors would like to thank those who supplied data for this work: Dr. P. Campbell, T. Dickerson and S. Reckard (sample reflectance from White Sands and Sonoran Desert), J. Van Den Bosch, B. Holben, and the dedicated AERONET staff at GSFC (aerosol and water vapor from White Sands), and Dr. R. Iacovazzi (aerosol and water vapor from the Sonoran Desert). The authors also thank Dr. R. Datla, Dr. R. Kacker, and Dr. A. Smirnov for helpful discussions, and S. Esposito for his assistance with MODTRAN. This work is partially funded by GOES-R. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U. S. government. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 31 BP 7660 EP 7668 DI 10.1364/AO.52.007660 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 246VL UT WOS:000326568000035 PM 24216671 ER PT J AU Brown, KJ Seol, H Pillai, DK Sankoorikal, BJ Formolo, CA Mac, J Edwards, NJ Rose, MC Hathout, Y AF Brown, Kristy J. Seol, Haeri Pillai, Dinesh K. Sankoorikal, Binu-John Formolo, Catherine A. Mac, Jenny Edwards, Nathan J. Rose, Mary C. Hathout, Yetrib TI The human secretome atlas initiative: Implications in health and disease conditions SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE Secretome; Stable isotope; Primary cell; Glioblastoma; Biomarker; Body fluid ID QUANTITATIVE PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; GLIOMA-CELLS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; GLIOBLASTOMA-MULTIFORME; MACULAR DEGENERATION; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; GROWTH; SURVIVAL AB Proteomic analysis of human body fluids is highly challenging, therefore many researchers are redirecting efforts toward secretome profiling. The goal is to define potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the secretome that can be traced back in accessible human body fluids. However, currently there is a lack of secretome profiles of normal human primary cells making it difficult to assess the biological meaning of current findings. In this study we sought to establish secretome profiles of human primary cells obtained from healthy donors with the goal of building a human secretome atlas. Such an atlas can be used as a reference for discovery of potential disease associated biomarkers and eventually novel therapeutic targets. As a preliminary study, secretome profiles were established for six different types of human primary cell cultures and checked for overlaps with the three major human body fluids including plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and urine. About 67% of the 1054 identified proteins in the secretome of these primary cells occurred in at least one body fluid. Furthermore, comparison of the secretome profiles of two human glioblastoma cell lines to this new human secretome atlas enabled unambiguous identification of potential brain tumor biomarkers. These biomarkers can be easily monitored in different body fluids using stable isotope labeled standard proteins. The long term goal of this study is to establish a comprehensive online human secretome atlas for future use as a reference for any disease related secretome study. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: An Updated Secretome. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brown, Kristy J.; Seol, Haeri; Pillai, Dinesh K.; Sankoorikal, Binu-John; Rose, Mary C.; Hathout, Yetrib] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Med Genet Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Formolo, Catherine A.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mac, Jenny] George Washington Univ, Dept Forens Sci, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Edwards, Nathan J.] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol & Cellular Biol, Washington, DC USA. RP Hathout, Y (reprint author), Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Med Genet Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. EM yhathout@childrensnational.org FU NIH [K12 HL090020-05, NCMRR/NINDS 2R24HD050846-06]; IDDRC [5P30HD040677-10]; NIH NCRR [UL1RR031988] FX This work was partially supported by NIH grant K12 HL090020-05 and NIH core grants: NCMRR/NINDS 2R24HD050846-06 (National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research) and IDDRC 5P30HD040677-10 (Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center) and by NIH NCRR UL1RR031988 (GWU-CNMC CTSI). The authors would like to thank Dr. Jyoti Jaiswal for his helpful discussion and inputs. NR 58 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-9639 EI 0006-3002 J9 BBA-PROTEINS PROTEOM JI BBA-Proteins Proteomics PD NOV PY 2013 VL 1834 IS 11 SI SI BP 2454 EP 2461 DI 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.04.007 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 249JG UT WOS:000326772900023 PM 23603790 ER PT J AU Ngom, M Flaud, JM Tchana, FK Lafferty, WJ Landsheere, X Perrin, A Ngom, EA AF Ngom, M. Flaud, J. -M. Tchana, F. Kwabia Lafferty, W. J. Landsheere, X. Perrin, A. Ngom, El. A. TI Absolute line intensities for the nu(3) band of oxirane (C2H4O) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Seven Fourier transform spectra of the nu(3) band of oxirane (ethylene oxide) have been recorded with different pressures and used to derive individual line intensities. These line intensities were satisfactorily fit leading to accurate transition moment constants. An atlas of line positions and intensities has been generated. C1 [Ngom, M.; Flaud, J. -M.; Tchana, F. Kwabia; Landsheere, X.; Perrin, A.] UPEC, UMR CNRS 7583, LISA, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Ngom, M.; Flaud, J. -M.; Tchana, F. Kwabia; Landsheere, X.; Perrin, A.] UPD, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Ngom, M.; Ngom, El. A.] Univ Cheikh Anta Diop, Ecole Super Polytech, LPAO SF, Dakar, Senegal. [Lafferty, W. J.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lafferty, WJ (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM walter.lafferty@nist.gov FU Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres (Service de Cooperation et d'Action Culturelle, Ambassade de France a Dakar, Senegal) FX M. Malick NGOM gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres (Service de Cooperation et d'Action Culturelle, Ambassade de France a Dakar, Senegal). NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 EI 1208-6045 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 91 IS 11 SI SI BP 906 EP 909 DI 10.1139/cjp-2012-0368 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 248WS UT WOS:000326737000007 ER PT J AU Conn, PB McClintock, BT Cameron, MF Johnson, DS Moreland, EE Boveng, PL AF Conn, Paul B. McClintock, Brett T. Cameron, Michael F. Johnson, Devin S. Moreland, Erin E. Boveng, Peter L. TI Accommodating species identification errors in transect surveys SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance estimation; animal density; complete data; distance sampling; latent state model; partial state observation; quadrat sampling; species misclassification; species misidentification ID DISTANCE SAMPLING SURVEYS; ESTIMATING PARAMETERS; STATISTICAL-MODELS; RECAPTURE MODELS; MARK-RECAPTURE; AERIAL SURVEYS; POINT COUNTS; DESIGN; MISCLASSIFICATION; POPULATIONS AB Ecologists often use transect surveys to estimate the density and abundance of animal populations. Errors in species classification are often evident in such surveys, yet few statistical methods exist to properly account for them. In this paper, we examine biases that result from species misidentification when ignored, and we develop statistical models to provide unbiased estimates of density in the face of such errors. Our approach treats true species identity as a latent variable and requires auxiliary information on the misclassification process (such as informative priors, experiments using known species, or a double-observer protocol). We illustrate our approach with simulated census data and with double-observer survey data for ice-associated seals in the Bering Sea. For the seal analysis, we integrated misclassification into a model-based framework for distance-sampling data. The simulated data analysis demonstrated reliable estimation of animal density when there are experimental data to inform misclassification rates; double-observer protocols provided robust inference when there were unknown species observations but no outright misclassification, or when misclassification probabilities were symmetric and a symmetry constraint was imposed during estimation. Under our modeling framework, we obtained reasonable apparent densities of seal species even under considerable imprecision in species identification. We obtained more reliable inferences when modeling variation in density among transects. We argue that ecologists should often use spatially explicit models to account for differences in species distributions when trying to account for species misidentification. Our results support using double-observer sampling protocols that guard against species misclassification (i.e., by recording uncertain observations as unknown). C1 [Conn, Paul B.; McClintock, Brett T.; Cameron, Michael F.; Johnson, Devin S.; Moreland, Erin E.; Boveng, Peter L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Conn, PB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM paul.conn@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD NOV PY 2013 VL 94 IS 11 BP 2607 EP 2618 DI 10.1890/12-2124.1 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 248OX UT WOS:000326712100023 PM 24400512 ER PT J AU Tilmes, C Fox, P Ma, XG McGuinness, DL Privette, AP Smith, A Waple, A Zednik, S Zheng, JG AF Tilmes, Curt Fox, Peter Ma, Xiaogang McGuinness, Deborah L. Privette, Ana Pinheiro Smith, Aaron Waple, Anne Zednik, Stephan Zheng, Jin Guang TI Provenance Representation for the National Climate Assessment in the Global Change Information System SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Data management; government information systems; knowledge representation AB The important topic of global climate change builds on a huge collection of scientific research. It is common for agencies releasing climate change information to be served with requests for all supporting materials resulting in a particular conclusion. Capturing and presenting global change provenance, linking to the research papers, data sets, models, analyses, observations, satellites, etc., that support the key research findings in this domain can increase understanding and aid in reproducibility of results and conclusions. The U. S. Global Change Research Program is now coordinating the production of a national climate assessment (NCA) that presents our best understanding of global change. We are now developing a global change information system that will present the content of that report and its provenance, including the scientific support for the findings of the assessment. We are using an approach that will present this information both through a human accessible Web site as well as a machine-readable interface for automated mining of the provenance graph. We plan to use the developing World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) PROV data model and ontology for this system. This paper will describe an overview of the process of developing the NCA and how the provenance trail of the report and each of the technical inputs can be captured and represented using the W3C PROV ontology. This will improve the visibility into the assessment process, increase understanding and possibility of reproducibility, and ultimately increase the credibility and trust of the resulting report. C1 [Tilmes, Curt] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fox, Peter; Ma, Xiaogang; McGuinness, Deborah L.; Zednik, Stephan; Zheng, Jin Guang] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Tetherless World Constellat, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Privette, Ana Pinheiro] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Smith, Aaron] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Waple, Anne] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Tilmes, C (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Curt.Tilmes@nasa.gov OI Zednik, Stephan/0000-0002-5635-9501; Ma, Xiaogang/0000-0002-9110-7369 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2013 VL 51 IS 11 SI SI BP 5160 EP 5168 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2262179 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 247DY UT WOS:000326596500012 ER PT J AU Durre, I Squires, MF Vose, RS Yin, XG Arguez, A Applequist, S AF Durre, Imke Squires, Michael F. Vose, Russell S. Yin, Xungang Arguez, Anthony Applequist, Scott TI NOAA's 1981-2010 U.S. Climate Normals: Monthly Precipitation, Snowfall, and Snow Depth SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; USCRN STATIONS; VARIABILITY; NETWORK; TEMPERATURE AB The 1981-2010 U.S. Climate Normals released by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Climatic Data Center include a suite of monthly, seasonal, and annual statistics that are based on precipitation, snowfall, and snow-depth measurements. This paper describes the procedures used to calculate the average totals, frequencies of occurrence, and percentiles that constitute these normals. All parameters were calculated from a single, state-of-the-art dataset of daily observations, taking care to produce normals that were as representative as possible of the full 1981-2010 period, even when the underlying data records were incomplete. In the resulting product, average precipitation totals are available at approximately 9300 stations across the United States and parts of the Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean islands. Snowfall and snow-depth statistics are provided for approximately 5300 of those stations, as compared with several hundred stations in the 1971-2000 normals. The 1981-2010 statistics exhibit the familiar climatological patterns across the contiguous United States. When compared with the same calculations for 1971-2000, the later period is characterized by a smaller number of days with snow on the ground and less total annual snowfall across much of the contiguous United States; wetter conditions over much of the Great Plains, Midwest, and northern California; and drier conditions over much of the Southeast and Pacific Northwest. These differences are a reflection of the removal of the 1970s and the addition of the 2000s to the 30-yr-normals period as part of this latest revision of the normals. C1 [Durre, Imke; Squires, Michael F.; Vose, Russell S.; Arguez, Anthony; Applequist, Scott] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Yin, Xungang] ERT Inc, Asheville, NC USA. RP Durre, I (reprint author), NOAA, NCDC, Rm 504,151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM imke.durre@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 52 IS 11 BP 2377 EP 2395 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-051.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 250FW UT WOS:000326836900001 ER PT J AU Gilford, DM Smith, SR Griffin, ML Arguez, A AF Gilford, Daniel M. Smith, Shawn R. Griffin, Melissa L. Arguez, Anthony TI Southeastern U.S. Daily Temperature Ranges Associated with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Climate variability; Climatology; ENSO; Surface temperature; Climate records ID UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION ANOMALIES; ENSO; MINIMUM; MAXIMUM; US; VARIABILITY; CLIMATOLOGY; CATTLE AB The daily temperature range (DTR; daily maximum temperature minus daily minimum temperature) at 290 southeastern U.S. stations is examined with respect to the warm and cold phases of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) for the period of 1948-2009. A comparison of El Nino and La Nina DTR distributions during 3-month seasons is conducted using various metrics. Histograms show each station's particular distribution. To compare directly the normalized distributions of El Nino and La Nina, a new metric (herein called conditional ratio) is produced and results are evaluated for significance at 95% confidence with a bootstrapping technique. Results show that during 3-month winter, spring, and autumn seasons DTRs above 29 degrees F (16.1 degrees C) are significantly more frequent during La Nina events and that DTRs below 15 degrees F (8.3 degrees C) are significantly more frequent during El Nino events. It is hypothesized that these results are associated spatially with cloud cover and storm tracks during each season and ENSO phase. Relationships between DTRs and ENSO-related relative humidity are examined. These results are pertinent to the cattle industry in the Southeast, allowing ranchers to plan for and mitigate threats posed by periods of low DTRs associated with the predicted phase of ENSO. C1 [Gilford, Daniel M.; Smith, Shawn R.; Griffin, Melissa L.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Arguez, Anthony] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Griffin, ML (reprint author), 2035 E Paul Dirac Dr,200 RM Johnson Bldg, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM griffin@coaps.fsu.edu FU NOAA Applied Research Center [NA06OAR4310070]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) [2011-67003-30347] FX The lead author thanks Dr. Lydia Stefanova for helpful discussion about physical results and Dr. Timothy Eichler for providing insight into spring storm tracks. Thanks are given to Mr. David Zierden for the use of the monthly ENSO index and to Ms. Kathy Fearon for her invaluable reviews and editing suggestions. The authors also thank the FAWN and ECONet database and project managers for sharing the data from their agricultural stations. This research was supported by the NOAA Applied Research Center Grant NA06OAR4310070 and USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Grant 2011-67003-30347. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 52 IS 11 BP 2434 EP 2449 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0273.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 250FW UT WOS:000326836900005 ER PT J AU Tromel, S Kumjian, MR Ryzhkov, AV Simmer, C Diederich, M AF Troemel, Silke Kumjian, Matthew R. Ryzhkov, Alexander V. Simmer, Clemens Diederich, Malte TI Backscatter Differential Phase-Estimation and Variability SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Freezing precipitation; Mixed precipitation; Data processing; Radars; Radar observations; Remote sensing ID POLARIMETRIC RADAR MEASUREMENTS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; WEATHER RADAR; X-BAND; RAINFALL ESTIMATION; MELTING LAYER; REFLECTIVITY; CLASSIFICATION; PRECIPITATION; ATTENUATION AB On the basis of simulations and observations made with polarimetric radars operating at X, C, and S bands, the backscatter differential phase has been explored; has been identified as an important polarimetric variable that should not be ignored in precipitation estimations that are based on specific differential phase K-DP, especially at shorter radar wavelengths. Moreover, bears important information about the dominant size of raindrops and wet snowflakes in the melting layer. New methods for estimating in rain and in the melting layer are suggested. The method for estimating in rain is based on a modified version of the ZPHI algorithm and provides reasonably robust estimates of and K-DP in pure rain except in regions where the total measured differential phase phi(DP) behaves erratically, such as areas affected by nonuniform beam filling or low signal-to-noise ratio. The method for estimating in the melting layer results in reliable estimates of in stratiform precipitation and requires azimuthal averaging of radial profiles of phi(DP) at high antenna elevations. Comparisons with large disdrometer datasets collected in Oklahoma and Germany confirm a strong interdependence between and differential reflectivity Z(DR). Because is immune to attenuation, partial beam blockage, and radar miscalibration, the strong correlation between Z(DR) and is of interest for quantitative precipitation estimation: and Z(DR) are differently affected by the particle size distribution (PSD) and thus may complement each other for PSD moment estimation. Furthermore, the magnitude of can be utilized as an important calibration parameter for improving microphysical models of the melting layer. C1 [Troemel, Silke; Diederich, Malte] Univ Bonn, Hans Ertel Ctr Weather Res, Atmospher Dynam & Predictabil Branch, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Kumjian, Matthew R.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Adv Study Program, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Ryzhkov, Alexander V.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ryzhkov, Alexander V.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Simmer, Clemens] Univ Bonn, Inst Meteorol, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP Tromel, S (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Hugel 20, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM silke.troemel@uni-bonn.de RI Simmer, Clemens/M-4949-2013 OI Simmer, Clemens/0000-0003-3001-8642 FU BMVBS (Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development); Terrestrial Environmental Observatories (TERENO) project; Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft; Transregional Collaborative Research Centre 32 (SFB TR 32); German Research Foundation (DFG); NOAA/University of Oklahoma Cooperative [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce and from the National Science Foundation [AGS-1143948] FX The research of S. Tromel was carried out in the framework of the Hans-Ertel-Centre for Weather Research (http://www.herz-tb1.uni-bonn. de/).This research network of universities, research institutes, and the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) is funded by the BMVBS (Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development).We gratefully acknowledge the support by the Terrestrial Environmental Observatories (TERENO) project, funded by the Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, for providing the JuXPol observations and the support by the Transregional Collaborative Research Centre 32 (SFB TR 32) funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) for providing the BoXPol data.Alexander Ryzhkov and Matthew Kumjian were supported with funding from NOAA/University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072 under the U.S.Department of Commerce and from the National Science Foundation (Grant AGS-1143948).Special thanks are extended to Scott Ganson for helping with scattering computations. NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 52 IS 11 BP 2529 EP 2548 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0124.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 250FW UT WOS:000326836900011 ER PT J AU Kumjian, MR Ryzhkov, AV Reeves, HD Schuur, TJ AF Kumjian, Matthew R. Ryzhkov, Alexander V. Reeves, Heather D. Schuur, Terry J. TI A Dual-Polarization Radar Signature of Hydrometeor Refreezing in Winter Storms SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cloud microphysics; Freezing precipitation; Radars; Radar observations ID POLARIMETRIC RADAR; FREEZING-RAIN; MELTING-LAYER; ICE PELLETS; NONDIMENSIONAL PARAMETER; PRECIPITATION TYPES; MODEL; CLASSIFICATION; PARTICLES; LOCATIONS AB Polarimetric radar measurements in winter storms that produce ice pellets have revealed a unique signature that is indicative of ongoing hydrometeor refreezing. This refreezing signature is observed within the low-level subfreezing air as an enhancement of differential reflectivity Z(DR) and specific differential phase K-DP and a decrease of radar reflectivity factor at horizontal polarization Z(H) and copolar correlation coefficient (hv). It is distinct from the overlying melting-layer brightband signature and suggests that unique microphysical processes are occurring within the layer of hydrometeor refreezing. The signature is analyzed for four ice-pellet cases in central Oklahoma as observed by two polarimetric radars. A statistical analysis is performed on the characteristics of the refreezing signature for a case of particularly long duration. Several hypotheses are presented to explain the appearance of the signature, along with a summary of the pros and cons for each. It is suggested that preferential freezing of small drops and local ice generation are plausible mechanisms for the appearance of the Z(DR) and K-DP enhancements. Polarimetric measurements and scattering calculations are used to retrieve microphysical information to explore the validity of the hypotheses. The persistence and repetitiveness of the signature suggest its potential use in operational settings to diagnose the transition between freezing rain and ice pellets. C1 [Kumjian, Matthew R.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NOAA, OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Kumjian, MR (reprint author), NCAR, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM kumjian@ucar.edu FU NSF [AGS-1143948]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative [NA11OAR4320072] FX Funding for this work comes from NSF Grant AGS-1143948, and from NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072. We are thankful for the scientists and engineers at NSSL who maintain and operate the KOUN radar, as well as for software support by John Krause (CIMMS). OU-PRIME is owned and operated by the Advanced Radar Research Center at the University of Oklahoma. The authors are grateful for the insightful comments from Professor Chadpiece Shafer (University of South Alabama), Dr. Duan Zrnic (NSSL), and Professor Alexander Khain (Hebrew University of Jerusalem). Elizabeth Thompson (Colorado State University) and two anonymous reviewers provided very valuable insights and suggestions that substantially improved the manuscript; Ms. Thompson in particular is thanked for leading us to rethink some of our original ideas. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 52 IS 11 BP 2549 EP 2566 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0311.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 250FW UT WOS:000326836900012 ER PT J AU Smalikho, IN Banakh, VA Pichugina, YL Brewer, WA Banta, RM Lundquist, JK Kelley, ND AF Smalikho, I. N. Banakh, V. A. Pichugina, Y. L. Brewer, W. A. Banta, R. M. Lundquist, J. K. Kelley, N. D. TI Lidar Investigation of Atmosphere Effect on a Wind Turbine Wake SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Wind; Lidars; Lidar observations ID COHERENT DOPPLER LIDAR; ENERGY-DISSIPATION RATE; LOW-LEVEL JET; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PART I; PROFILES; VELOCITY; SENSITIVITY; MODEL; SODAR AB An experimental study of the spatial wind structure in the vicinity of a wind turbine by a NOAA coherent Doppler lidar has been conducted. It was found that a working wind turbine generates a wake with the maximum velocity deficit varying from 27% to 74% and with the longitudinal dimension varying from 120 up to 1180 m, depending on the wind strength and atmospheric turbulence. It is shown that, at high wind speeds, the twofold increase of the turbulent energy dissipation rate (from 0.0066 to 0.013 m(2) s(-3)) leads, on average, to halving of the longitudinal dimension of the wind turbine wake (from 680 to 340 m). C1 [Smalikho, I. N.; Banakh, V. A.] RAS, SB, VE Zuev Inst Atmospher Opt, Tomsk 634021, Russia. [Pichugina, Y. L.; Brewer, W. A.; Banta, R. M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Lundquist, J. K.; Kelley, N. D.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Smalikho, IN (reprint author), RAS, SB, VE Zuev Inst Atmospher Opt, 1 Acad Zuev Sq, Tomsk 634021, Russia. EM smalikho@iao.ru RI Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Wind and Hydropower Technologies program; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [10-05-9205]; Civilian Research and Development Foundation [RUG1-2981-TO-10] FX We thank our colleagues from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), including R. M. Hardesty, R.-J. Alvarez, S. P. Sandberg, and A. M. Weickmann, and J. Mirocha from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for preparing and conducting the experiment; John Brown from NOAA for his help with weather forecasting; Andrew Clifton from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) for providing updates on tall-tower measurements; Padriac Fowler and Paul Quelet for updates on turbine operations; and Michael Stewart from NREL for his help with security and safety issues. Funding for this experiment was from the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Wind and Hydropower Technologies program. This work was also supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project 10-05-9205) and the Civilian Research and Development Foundation (Project RUG1-2981-TO-10). NR 44 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 30 IS 11 BP 2554 EP 2570 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00108.1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 251SQ UT WOS:000326951400004 ER PT J AU Hoffman, RN Ardizzone, JV Leidner, SM Smith, DK Atlas, R AF Hoffman, Ross N. Ardizzone, Joseph V. Leidner, S. Mark Smith, Deborah K. Atlas, Robert TI Error Estimates for Ocean Surface Winds: Applying Desroziers Diagnostics to the Cross-Calibrated, Multiplatform Analysis of Wind Speed SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Data quality control; Microwave observations; Satellite observations; Error analysis; Statistical techniques ID CURRENT SOUNDER RADIANCES; AMBIGUITY REMOVAL; ASSIMILATION AB The Desroziers diagnostics (DD) are applied to the cross-calibrated, multiplatform (CCMP) ocean surface wind datasets to estimate wind speed errors of the ECMWF background, the microwave satellite observations, and the resulting CCMP analysis. The DD confirm that the ECMWF operational surface wind speed error standard deviations vary with latitude in the range 0.8-1.3 m s(-1) and that the cross-calibrated Remote Sensing Systems (RSS) wind speed retrievals' standard deviations are in the range 0.5-0.7 m s(-1). Further, the estimated CCMP analysis wind speed standard deviations are in the range 0.2-0.3 m s(-1). The results suggest the need to revise the parameterization of the errors of the first guess at appropriate time (FGAT) procedure. Errors for wind speeds <16 m s(-1) are homogeneous; however, for the relatively rare but critical higher wind speed situations, errors are much larger. C1 [Hoffman, Ross N.; Leidner, S. Mark] Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Ardizzone, Joseph V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Smith, Deborah K.] Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA USA. [Atlas, Robert] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Hoffman, RN (reprint author), Atmospher & Environm Res, 131 Hartwell Ave, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. EM ross.n.hoffman@aer.com RI Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011 OI Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560 FU NASA Making Earth Science Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program; NASA ROSES [NNX11AO25A] FX This work was supported by grants made through the NASA Making Earth Science Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program and through NASA ROSES 2011 [Grant NNX11AO25A to Remote Sensing Systems (RSS), Santa Rosa, California]. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 30 IS 11 BP 2596 EP 2603 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00018.1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 251SQ UT WOS:000326951400007 ER PT J AU Long, DA Gameson, L Truong, GW Bielska, K Cygan, A Hodges, JT Whetstone, JR van Zee, RD AF Long, D. A. Gameson, L. Truong, G. -W. Bielska, K. Cygan, A. Hodges, J. T. Whetstone, J. R. van Zee, R. D. TI The Effects of Variations in Buffer Gas Mixing Ratios on Commercial Carbon Dioxide Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy Sensors SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE In situ atmospheric observations; Instrumentation; sensors; Surface observations ID CH4; CO2; H2O; AIR; O-2; N-2 AB Primary gas standards, gas chromatography, and frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy measurements have been used to assess the effect of variations in the argon mixing ratio on the CO2 mixing ratios reported by commercial cavity ring-down spectroscopy sensors. Supporting calculations demonstrate that the use of argon-free, synthetic air standards can lead to a bias of approximate to 0.7 mol mol(-1) at atmospheric concentration levels of CO2 as a result of pressure-broadening effects. This bias is an order of magnitude greater than the precision of the best commercial sensors and significantly exceeds the World Meteorological Organization's target compatibility goal. C1 [Long, D. A.; Gameson, L.; Truong, G. -W.; Bielska, K.; Cygan, A.; Hodges, J. T.; van Zee, R. D.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Truong, G. -W.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Phys, Frequency Stand & Metrol Res Grp, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Bielska, K.; Cygan, A.] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Torun, Poland. [Whetstone, J. R.] NIST, Off Special Programs, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Long, DA (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.long@nist.gov RI Cygan, Agata/E-1393-2014; Bielska, Katarzyna/G-4532-2014 FU NIST Greenhouse Gas and Climate Science Measurements Program; Australian Fulbright Fellowship; Foundation for Polish Science TEAM Project; EU European Regional Development Fund; National Science Centre [DEC-2011/01/B/ST2/00491]; program of the national laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland; Foundation for Polish Science START Project FX Support was provided by the NIST Greenhouse Gas and Climate Science Measurements Program. G.-W. Truong was supported at NIST by an Australian Fulbright Fellowship. K. Bielska and A. Cygan were partially supported by the Foundation for Polish Science TEAM Project cofinanced by the EU European Regional Development Fund, the National Science Centre, Project DEC-2011/01/B/ST2/00491, and are part of the program of the national laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland. A. Cygan was further supported by the Foundation for Polish Science START Project. Certain commercial instruments and materials are identified here in order to specify the experimental procedure. Such identification is neither intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST nor intended to imply that the instruments and materials identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 30 IS 11 BP 2604 EP 2609 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00039.1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 251SQ UT WOS:000326951400008 ER PT J AU Hanson, MB Emmons, CK Ward, EJ Nystuen, JA Lammers, MO AF Hanson, M. Bradley Emmons, Candice K. Ward, Eric J. Nystuen, Jeffrey A. Lammers, Marc O. TI Assessing the coastal occurrence of endangered killer whales using autonomous passive acoustic recorders SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ORCINUS-ORCA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SEA AB Using moored autonomous acoustic recorders to detect and record the vocalizations of social odonotocetes to determine their occurrence patterns is a non-invasive tool in the study of these species in remote locations. Acoustic recorders were deployed in seven locations on the continental shelf of the U.S. west coast from Cape Flattery, WA to Pt. Reyes, CA to detect and record endangered southern resident killer whales between January and June of 2006-2011. Detection rates of these whales were greater in 2009 and 2011 than in 2006-2008, were most common in the month of March, and occurred with the greatest frequency off the Columbia River and Westport, which was likely related to the presence of their most commonly consumed prey, Chinook salmon. The observed patterns of annual and monthly killer whale occurrence may be related to run strength and run timing, respectively, for spring Chinook returning to the Columbia River, the largest run in this region at this time of year. Acoustic recorders provided a unique, long-term, dataset that will be important to inform future consideration of Critical Habitat designation for this U.S. Endangered Species Act listed species. C1 [Hanson, M. Bradley; Emmons, Candice K.; Ward, Eric J.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Nystuen, Jeffrey A.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Lammers, Marc O.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. RP Hanson, MB (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM brad.hanson@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 34 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 134 IS 5 BP 3486 EP 3495 DI 10.1121/1.4821206 PN 1 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 247SO UT WOS:000326640800028 PM 24180759 ER PT J AU Cholewiak, D Baumann-Pickering, S Van Parijs, S AF Cholewiak, Danielle Baumann-Pickering, Simone Van Parijs, Sofie TI Description of sounds associated with Sowerby's beaked whales (Mesoplodon bidens) in the western North Atlantic Ocean SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ECHOLOCATION SIGNALS; HYPEROODON-AMPULLATUS; HAWAII L; CLICKS; DENSIROSTRIS; PATTERNS AB Several groups of Sowerby's beaked whales (Mesoplodon bidens) were encountered on July 4, 2011, during a shipboard cetacean survey conducted off the eastern seaboard of the United States. Acoustic recordings were collected using a three-element towed hydrophone array. Many echolocation clicks were recorded during the encounter, but no tonal sounds were detected. A total of 2969 echolocation clicks were included in analyses of frequency and temporal characteristics. A Gaussian mixture model with four mixtures was fitted to the histogram of peak frequencies; four subsets of clicks were designated. The majority of clicks (n=2048) contained a median peak frequency of 33 kHz, while the others contained a median peak frequency of 25 kHz (n=324), 51 kHz (n=304), or 67 kHz (n=293). Most clicks did not contain a clear frequency-modulated upsweep, though some clicks exhibited a slight sweep from 30-36 kHz. Seven burst pulses were detected in the encounter, two of which were of high enough quality for detailed analysis. The acoustic characteristics of Sowerby's beaked whales have not previously been described; the current study will facilitate incorporation of these data into passive acoustic monitoring programs in the North Atlantic Ocean. C1 [Cholewiak, Danielle; Van Parijs, Sofie] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Species Branch, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Baumann-Pickering, Simone] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Cholewiak, D (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Species Branch, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM danielle.cholewiak@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service; U.S. Navy N45 Program; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management FX The authors would like to thank the crew of the R/V Bigelow and the scientists who participated in the AMAPPS 2011 survey. These data could not have been collected without the help of many dedicated visual observers, and their enthusiasm is much appreciated. In particular, we thank Todd Pusser for several discussions and follow-up during and after the survey. We also thank Robert Valtierra, Sandra Smith, Cara Hotchkin, and Joy Stanistreet, who spent countless hours recording and tracking vocalizing animals. Many thanks to Debra Palka for her support and for providing the visual data. Funding was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service, the U.S. Navy N45 Program, and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 134 IS 5 BP 3905 EP 3912 DI 10.1121/1.4823843 PN 1 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 247SO UT WOS:000326640800068 PM 24180799 ER PT J AU Lee, J Grover, JA Orozco, LA Rolston, SL AF Lee, J. Grover, J. A. Orozco, L. A. Rolston, S. L. TI Sub-Doppler cooling of neutral atoms in a grating magneto-optical trap SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL MOLASSES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SINGLE-LASER; LIMIT; BEAM; CHIP; PRESSURE AB The grating magneto-optical trap (GMOT) requires only one beam and three planar diffraction gratings to form a cloud of cold atoms above the plane of the diffractors. Despite the complicated polarization arrangement, we demonstrate sub-Doppler cooling of Rb-87 atoms to a temperature of 7.6(0.6) mu K through a multistage, far-detuned GMOT in conjunction with optical molasses. A decomposition of the electric field into polarization components for this geometry does not yield a mapping onto standard sub-Doppler laser-cooling configurations. With numerical simulations, we find that the polarization composition of the GMOT optical field, which includes sigma and pi polarized light, does produce sub-Doppler temperatures. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Lee, J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM neoscien@umd.edu RI rolston, steven/L-5175-2013 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190 FU NSF through the PFC at JQI; ARO Atomtronics MURI FX Research supported by NSF through the PFC at JQI and the ARO Atomtronics MURI. We thank Erling Riis for useful discussions. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 22 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 30 IS 11 BP 2869 EP 2874 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.30.002869 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 246ZI UT WOS:000326580500013 ER PT J AU Hilton, M Hasselfield, M Sifon, C Baker, AJ Barrientos, LF Battaglia, N Bond, JR Crichton, D Das, S Devlin, MJ Gralla, M Hajian, A Hincks, AD Hughes, JP Infante, L Irwin, KD Kosowsky, A Lin, YT Marriage, TA Marsden, D Menanteau, F Moodley, K Niemack, MD Nolta, MR Page, LA Reese, ED Sievers, J Spergel, DN Wollack, EJ AF Hilton, Matt Hasselfield, Matthew Sifon, Cristobal Baker, Andrew J. Felipe Barrientos, L. Battaglia, Nicholas Bond, J. Richard Crichton, Devin Das, Sudeep Devlin, Mark J. Gralla, Megan Hajian, Amir Hincks, Adam D. Hughes, John P. Infante, Leopoldo Irwin, Kent D. Kosowsky, Arthur Lin, Yen-Ting Marriage, Tobias A. Marsden, Danica Menanteau, Felipe Moodley, Kavilan Niemack, Michael D. Nolta, Mike R. Page, Lyman A. Reese, Erik D. Sievers, Jon Spergel, David N. Wollack, Edward J. TI The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: the stellar content of galaxy clusters selected using the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: luminosity function; mass function; galaxies: stellar content; cosmology: observations ID INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION; BAND LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; X-RAY-CLUSTERS; TO-LIGHT RATIO; POPULATION SYNTHESIS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SCALING RELATIONS; INTRACLUSTER LIGHT; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES AB We present a first measurement of the stellar mass component of galaxy clusters selected via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect, using 3.6 and 4.5 mu m photometry from the Spitzer Space Telescope. Our sample consists of 14 clusters detected by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), which span the redshift range 0.27 < z < 1.07 (median z = 0.50) and have dynamical mass measurements, accurate to about 30 per cent, with median M-500 = 6.9 x 10(14) M-circle dot. We measure the 3.6 and 4.5 mu m galaxy luminosity functions, finding the characteristic magnitude (m*) and faint-end slope (alpha) to be similar to those for infrared-selected cluster samples. We perform the first measurements of the scaling of SZ observables (Y-500 and y(0)) with both brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) stellar mass and total cluster stellar mass (M-500(star)). We find a significant correlation between BCG stellar mass and Y-500 (E(z)(-2/3) D-A(2) Y-500 proportional to M-*(1.2 +/- 0.6)), although we are not able to obtain a strong constraint on the slope of the relation due to the small sample size. Additionally, we obtain E(z)(-2/3) D-A(2) Y-500 proportional to M-500(star) (1.0 +/- 0.6) for the scaling with total stellar mass. The mass fraction in stars spans the range 0.006-0.034, with the second ranked cluster in terms of dynamical mass (ACT-CL J0237-4939) having an unusually low total stellar mass and the lowest stellar mass fraction. For the five clusters with gas mass measurements available in the literature, we see no evidence for a shortfall of baryons relative to the cosmic mean value. C1 [Hilton, Matt] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Ctr Astron & Particle Theory, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Hilton, Matt; Moodley, Kavilan] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Hasselfield, Matthew] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Sifon, Cristobal] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Baker, Andrew J.; Hughes, John P.; Menanteau, Felipe] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Felipe Barrientos, L.; Infante, Leopoldo] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Battaglia, Nicholas] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Battaglia, Nicholas; Bond, J. Richard; Hajian, Amir; Hincks, Adam D.; Nolta, Mike R.; Sievers, Jon] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Crichton, Devin; Gralla, Megan; Marriage, Tobias A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Das, Sudeep] Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Das, Sudeep] Univ Calif Berkeley, LBL, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Das, Sudeep] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Devlin, Mark J.; Reese, Erik D.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Irwin, Kent D.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kosowsky, Arthur] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Lin, Yen-Ting] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Marsden, Danica] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Niemack, Michael D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Page, Lyman A.; Sievers, Jon] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Spergel, David N.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Hilton, M (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Ctr Astron & Particle Theory, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. EM hiltonm@ukzn.ac.za RI Hilton, Matthew James/N-5860-2013; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Menanteau, Felipe/0000-0002-1372-2534; Sievers, Jonathan/0000-0001-6903-5074; Sifon, Cristobal/0000-0002-8149-1352 FU NASA; Leverhulme trust; US National Science Foundation [AST-0408698, AST-0965625, PHY-0855887, PHY-1214379, AST-0955810]; Princeton University; University of Pennsylvania; Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI); Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT); CFI under Compute Canada; Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund - Research Excellence; University of Toronto FX This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. MH acknowledges financial support from the Leverhulme trust. This work was supported by the US National Science Foundation through awards AST-0408698 and AST-0965625 for the ACT project, as well as awards PHY-0855887 and PHY-1214379, along with award AST-0955810 to AJB. Funding was also provided by Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania and a Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) award to UBC. ACT operates in the Parque Astronomico Atacama in northern Chile under the auspices of the Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT). Computations were performed on the GPC supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet is funded by the CFI under the auspices of Compute Canada, the Government of Ontario, the Ontario Research Fund - Research Excellence and the University of Toronto. NR 101 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 435 IS 4 BP 3469 EP 3480 DI 10.1093/mnras/stt1535 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 236DP UT WOS:000325774700056 ER PT J AU Barr, BW AF Barr, Bradley W. TI Understanding and managing marine protected areas through integrating ecosystem based management within maritime cultural landscapes: Moving from theory to practice SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID THUNDER-BAY AB The ecosystem-based approaches to management being implemented in many marine protected areas require broad knowledge of these special places to achieve any measure of success in effective execution. Ecosystem-based management holds great promise for managing human activities that can significantly influence natural resources, more effectively using this broader context of sustaining ecosystem structure and function to guide management decisionmaking. However, socio-ecological systems are a product of their history. It has been suggested that the emerging idea of defining and understanding "maritime cultural landscapes" may be a way to acquire a better understanding of this history of human/environment interaction. The US National Marine Sanctuary System has recognized the potential value of integrating ecosystem-based management and maritime cultural landscape approaches to marine protected areas management, and is embarking on developing management models that can more clearly demonstrate this potential value. The deeper knowledge of both natural and cultural resources of marine protected areas, and how these have changed over time, offered by this integrated approach is likely to be a critical factor in providing effective stewardship of these special places. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. RP Barr, BW (reprint author), NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, 175 Edward Foster Rd, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. EM Brad.Barr@noaa.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 EI 1873-524X J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 84 BP 184 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.08.011 PG 9 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA 244CG UT WOS:000326364100019 ER PT J AU Shi, W Wang, MH Jiang, LD AF Shi, Wei Wang, Menghua Jiang, Lide TI Tidal effects on ecosystem variability in the Chesapeake Bay from MODIS-Aqua SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake Bay; Ocean Color; Satellite remote sensing; Tide; Marine ecosystem ID PARTIALLY STRATIFIED ESTUARY; WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; OCEAN COLOR IMAGERY; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; INTERNAL TIDE; PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; TURBIDITY MAXIMUM; CHLOROPHYLL-A; SPRING BLOOM; RIVER FLOW AB Eight-year ocean color observations between 2002 and 2009 from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the satellite Aqua are used to quantitatively assess the tidal effects on variability of ocean's optical, biological, and biogeochemical properties in the Chesapeake Bay. We demonstrate that tidal variation in the lower Chesapeake Bay is one of the important ocean processes that drive significant changes of the ocean's optical and biogeochemical properties. Normalized water-leaving radiance spectra (nL(w)(lambda)), water diffuse attenuation coefficient at the wavelength of 490 nm (K-d(490)), and total suspended sediment (TSS) concentration show significant tidal variations in the lower Chesapeake Bay. Indeed, in the lower Bay region, K-d(490) increases from 0.9 m(-1) under low tidal current conditions at 0.10-0.15 m/s to 1.35 m(-1) under high tidal current conditions at 0.45-0.50 m/s, while chlorophyll-a concentration in the lower Bay region decreases slightly with an increase of the tidal current. Tide-driven variability in K-d(490) and TSS in the lower Bay is similar to and slightly larger than the seasonal variability in the region. On the other hand, different from the variability in the lower Bay, the tidal effects on the ecosystem are small and negligible in the middle and a large part of upper Chesapeake Bay regions. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Shi, Wei; Wang, Menghua; Jiang, Lide] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Shi, Wei; Jiang, Lide] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Shi, W (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Wei.1.Shi@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010; Jiang, Lide/G-2041-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; Jiang, Lide/0000-0002-9883-4411 FU NASA; NOAA; NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) FX This research was supported by NASA and NOAA funding and grants; in particular, the project was partly supported by NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) funding. The MODIS L1B data were obtained from the NASA/GSFC MODAPS Service website. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 71 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 138 BP 65 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2013.07.002 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 249HC UT WOS:000326767300007 ER PT J AU Ayhan, B Kwan, C Zhou, J Kish, LB Benkstein, KD Rogers, PH Semancik, S AF Ayhan, Bulent Kwan, Chiman Zhou, Jin Kish, Laszlo B. Benkstein, Kurt D. Rogers, Phillip H. Semancik, Steve TI Fluctuation enhanced sensing (FES) with a nanostructured, semiconducting metal oxide film for gas detection and classification SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE Chemiresistive; Fluctuation-enhanced sensing; Gas detection; Gas classification; Linear Discriminant Analysis; Support Vector Machine ID 1/F NOISE; SENSORS; SPECTRA; VAPOR AB The feasibility of fluctuation-enhanced sensing (FES) for the detection and classification of different gases using a single chemiresistive microsensor has been investigated through experimental measurements and data analyses. A nanostructured semiconducting metal oxide film has been used as a chemiresistive sensor in the experiments. Similarity fingerprints have been introduced to be used with the FES signatures, and combining similarity fingerprints with slope fingerprints results in a considerable increase in the classification accuracy attained by both Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification techniques. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ayhan, Bulent; Kwan, Chiman; Zhou, Jin] Signal Proc Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Kish, Laszlo B.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Benkstein, Kurt D.; Rogers, Phillip H.; Semancik, Steve] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ayhan, B (reprint author), Signal Proc Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM bulent.ayhan@signalpro.net FU NIST SBIR [SB134111SE0884]; National Institute of Standards Technology Postdoctoral Associateship Award through the National Research Council FX This work was supported by NIST SBIR contract under contract number SB134111SE0884. PHR was supported by a National Institute of Standards Technology Postdoctoral Associateship Award administered through the National Research Council. We thank C.B. Montgomery for assistance in device preparation and sensing film deposition. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 188 BP 651 EP 660 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2013.07.056 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 243VE UT WOS:000326345600088 ER PT J AU Striegel, AM AF Striegel, Andre M. TI There's plenty of gloom at the bottom: the many challenges of accurate quantitation in size-based oligomeric separations SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Oligomeric separations; Size-exclusion chromatography; Hydrodynamic chromatography; Field-flow fractionation; Liquid adsorption chromatography; Temperature gradient interaction chromatography; Pre-manufacture notification ID MULTIDETECTOR HYDRODYNAMIC CHROMATOGRAPHY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLYMER CHARACTERIZATION; SOLUTION CONFORMATION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; COMPLEX POLYMERS; DILUTE-SOLUTION; MACROMOLECULES; ASPHALTENES AB There is a variety of small-molecule species (e.g., tackifiers, plasticizers, oligosaccharides) the size-based characterization of which is of considerable scientific and industrial importance. Likewise, quantitation of the amount of oligomers in a polymer sample is crucial for the import and export of substances into the USA and European Union (EU). While the characterization of ultra-high molar mass macromolecules by size-based separation techniques is generally considered a challenge, it is this author's contention that a greater challenge is encountered when trying to perform, for quantitation purposes, separations in and of the oligomeric region. The latter thesis is expounded herein, by detailing the various obstacles encountered en route to accurate, quantitative oligomeric separations by entropically dominated techniques such as size-exclusion chromatography, hydrodynamic chromatography, and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation, as well as by methods which are, principally, enthalpically driven such as liquid adsorption and temperature gradient interaction chromatography. These obstacles include, among others, the diminished sensitivity of static light scattering (SLS) detection at low molar masses, the non-constancy of the response of SLS and of commonly employed concentration-sensitive detectors across the oligomeric region, and the loss of oligomers through the accumulation wall membrane in asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation. The battle is not lost, however, because, with some care and given a sufficient supply of sample, the quantitation of both individual oligomeric species and of the total oligomeric region is often possible. C1 NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Striegel, AM (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andre.striegel@nist.gov NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 405 IS 28 BP 8959 EP 8967 DI 10.1007/s00216-013-7198-1 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 244GB UT WOS:000326374100002 PM 23887277 ER PT J AU Lee, SI Sim, JH Lee, HJ Kasica, R Kim, HM Soles, CL Kim, KB Yoon, DY AF Lee, Sung-Il Sim, Jae Hwan Lee, Hae-Jeong Kasica, Richard Kim, Hyun-Mi Soles, Christopher L. Kim, Ki-Bum Yoon, Do Y. TI Organosilicate polymer e-beam resists with high resolution, sensitivity and stability SO APPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE e-beam resist; organosilicate; norbornene; cross-linker; HSQ ID HYDROGEN SILSESQUIOXANE; NEGATIVE RESISTS; LITHOGRAPHY; FABRICATION; NANOFABRICATION; NANOIMPRINT; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; CHEMISTRY; RADIATION AB Hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) is an attractive electron-beam (e-beam) resist for sub-20nm lithography owing to its high resolution, excellent line-edge roughness (LER) and good plasma etch resistance. However, the sensitivity and long-term stability of HSQ need to be significantly improved to have HSQ resists adopted for volume manufacturing. Here we develop novel organosilicate e-beam resists with improved e-beam sensitivity and stability as an alternative to HSQ resists. Copolymers of norbornene ethyltrimethoxysilane (NETMS) with 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane, synthesized via acid-catalyzed sol-gel reactions, show excellent e-beam sensitivity with around a sixfold reduction in the critical dose as compared with HSQ but poor LER characteristics. Terpolymers were then synthesized using p-chloromethylphenyl trimethoxysilane (p-CMPTMS), NETMS and tetraethoxysilane, which exhibit significant improvement in sensitivity as compared with previously reported materials, together with high-resolution patterns and long-term stability. High-resolution patterns of features as small as 20nm with excellent LER were successfully fabricated employing organosilicate terpolymers using a 100keV e-beam. The dose for patterning 20nm lines was reduced from 4000 C cm(-2) for HSQ to 900 C cm(-2) for an optimized terpolymer resist. FT-IR measurements suggest that the main reason for the increased e-beam sensitivity is chain transfer reaction between the norbornene moieties, which provide an efficient cross-linking mechanism by the e-beam generated radicals. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Lee, Sung-Il; Sim, Jae Hwan; Yoon, Do Y.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Sim, Jae Hwan; Lee, Hae-Jeong; Soles, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kasica, Richard] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Hyun-Mi; Kim, Ki-Bum] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151747, South Korea. RP Yoon, DY (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM doyoon@stanford.edu RI Park, Kyeong Beom/F-6954-2013 FU National Program for Tera-level Nano Devices (TND); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) of Korea; Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Program of the Brain Korea 21 Project FX This work was supported by the National Program for Tera-level Nano Devices (TND) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) of Korea, and by the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Program of the Brain Korea 21 Project. We also acknowledge the assistance provided by the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0268-2605 EI 1099-0739 J9 APPL ORGANOMET CHEM JI Appl. Organomet. Chem. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 27 IS 11 SI SI BP 644 EP 651 DI 10.1002/aoc.2985 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 243QU UT WOS:000326332800006 ER PT J AU Ro, HW Popova, V Krug, DJ Forster, AM Laine, RM Soles, CL AF Ro, Hyun Wook Popova, Vera Krug, Dave J. Forster, Aaron M. Laine, Richard M. Soles, Christopher L. TI Cubic silsesquioxanes as tunable high-performance coating materials SO APPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE silsequioxane; organosilicate; films; porosity; modulus; characterization ID THIN-FILMS; OCTASILSESQUIOXANES; NANOCOMPOSITES AB In this manuscript a series of cubic silsequioxane monomers with their eight vertices functionalized by different organic tethers and terminated with triethoxysilane groups were acid hydrolyzed, spin cast, and vitrified into hard organosilicate films. Both the length of the organic ligands and the number of triethoxysilane groups were varied to change the degree of cross-linking and cubic silsequioxane content of the vitrified films. This resulted in a series of high-quality optical-grade coatings with excellent properties. In general, higher concentrations of the cubic silsequioxane moiety in the network and higher cross-link densities led to enhanced mechanical properties, lower porosity, higher density, lower thermal expansion, and a very hydrophilic surface. The manner by which these properties can be tuned via the cubic silsesquioxane content is discussed in comparison to the structure-property relations for other spin on silsequioxane type films. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Ro, Hyun Wook; Soles, Christopher L.] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Popova, Vera; Krug, Dave J.; Laine, Richard M.] Mayaterials Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 47108 USA. [Forster, Aaron M.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Laine, Richard M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. RP Soles, CL (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM csoles@nist.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0268-2605 EI 1099-0739 J9 APPL ORGANOMET CHEM JI Appl. Organomet. Chem. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 27 IS 11 SI SI BP 652 EP 659 DI 10.1002/aoc.3032 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 243QU UT WOS:000326332800007 ER PT J AU Bollasina, MA Ming, Y AF Bollasina, Massimo A. Ming, Yi TI The role of land-surface processes in modulating the Indian monsoon annual cycle SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Indian monsoon annual cycle; Land-atmosphere interactions; Perpetual experiments ID ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EXTERNAL CONDITIONS; INTERNAL FEEDBACKS; PRECIPITATION; MODEL; ONSET; GCM; PREDICTABILITY AB The annual cycle of solar radiation, together with the resulting land-ocean differential heating, is traditionally considered the dominant forcing controlling the northward progression of the Indian monsoon. This study makes use of a state-of-the-art atmospheric general circulation model in a realistic configuration to conduct "perpetual" experiments aimed at providing new insights into the role of land-atmosphere processes in modulating the annual cycle of precipitation over India. The simulations are carried out at three important stages of the monsoon cycle: March, May, and July. Insolation and SSTs are held fixed at their respective monthly mean values, thus eliminating any external seasonal forcing. In the perpetual May experiment both precipitation and circulation are able to considerably evolve only by regional internal land-atmosphere processes and the mediation of soil hydrology. A large-scale equilibrium state is reached after approximately 270 days, closely resembling mid-summer climatological conditions. As a result, despite the absence of external forcing, intense and widespread rains over India are able to develop in the May-like state. The interaction between soil moisture and circulation, modulated by surface heating over the northwestern semi-arid areas, determines a slow northwestward migration of the monsoon, a crucial feature for the existence of desert regions to the west. This also implies that the land-atmosphere system in May is far from being in equilibrium with the external forcing. The inland migration of the precipitation front comprises a succession of large-scale 35-50 day coupled oscillations between soil moisture, precipitation, and circulation. The oscillatory regime is self-sustained and entirely due to the internal dynamics of the system. In contrast to the May case, minor changes in the land-atmosphere system are found when the model is initialized in March and, more surprisingly, in July, the latter case further emphasizing the role of northwestern surface heating. C1 [Bollasina, Massimo A.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Ming, Yi] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Bollasina, MA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM massimo.bollasina@noaa.gov RI Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012 NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 41 IS 9-10 BP 2497 EP 2509 DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1634-3 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 242LY UT WOS:000326244700015 ER PT J AU Zhu, JS Huang, BH Balmaseda, M Kinter, JL Peng, PT Hu, ZZ Marx, L AF Zhu, Jieshun Huang, Bohua Balmaseda, Magdalena A. Kinter, James L., III Peng, Peitao Hu, Zeng-Zhen Marx, Lawrence TI Improved reliability of ENSO hindcasts with multi-ocean analyses ensemble initialization SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE ENSO prediction; Reliability; Multi-ocean analyses ensemble; CFSv2 ID CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; COUPLED MODEL; PREDICTION; NCEP; PREDICTABILITY; VARIABILITY; VECTORS; PACIFIC; ERRORS; CFS AB Currently, ensemble seasonal forecasts using a single model with multiple perturbed initial conditions generally suffer from an "overconfidence" problem, i.e., the ensemble evolves such that the spread among members is small, compared to the magnitude of the mean error. This has motivated the use of a multi-model ensemble (MME), a technique that aims at sampling the structural uncertainty in the forecasting system. Here we investigate how the structural uncertainty in the ocean initial conditions impacts the reliability in seasonal forecasts, by using a new ensemble generation method to be referred to as the multiple-ocean analysis ensemble (MAE) initialization. In the MAE method, multiple ocean analyses are used to build an ensemble of ocean initial states, thus sampling structural uncertainties in oceanic initial conditions (OIC) originating from errors in the ocean model, the forcing flux, and the measurements, especially in areas and times of insufficient observations, as well as from the dependence on data assimilation methods. The merit of MAE initialization is demonstrated by the improved El Nio and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forecasting reliability. In particular, compared with the atmospheric perturbation or lagged ensemble approaches, the MAE initialization more effectively enhances ensemble dispersion in ENSO forecasting. A quantitative probabilistic measure of reliability also indicates that the MAE method performs better in forecasting all three (warm, neutral and cold) categories of ENSO events. In addition to improving seasonal forecasts, the MAE strategy may be used to identify the characteristics of the current structural uncertainty and as guidance for improving the observational network and assimilation strategy. Moreover, although the MAE method is not expected to totally correct the overconfidence of seasonal forecasts, our results demonstrate that OIC uncertainty is one of the major sources of forecast overconfidence, and suggest that the MAE is an essential component of an MME system. C1 [Zhu, Jieshun; Huang, Bohua; Kinter, James L., III; Marx, Lawrence] George Mason Univ, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Huang, Bohua; Kinter, James L., III] George Mason Univ, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Balmaseda, Magdalena A.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Peng, Peitao; Hu, Zeng-Zhen] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. RP Zhu, JS (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, 270 Res Hall,Mail Stop 6C5,4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM jieshun@cola.iges.org RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011; Kinter, James/A-8610-2015; OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400; Kinter, James/0000-0002-6277-0559; Zhu, Jieshun/0000-0002-1508-9808 FU NSF [ATM-0830068]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310058]; NASA [NNX09AN50G] FX Funding for this study was provided by grants from NSF (ATM-0830068), NOAA (NA09OAR4310058), and NASA (NNX09AN50G). The authors would like to thank Dr. J. Shukla for his guidance and support of this project. We thank ECMWF and NCEP for providing their ocean data assimilation analysis datasets, which made this project possible. The authors gratefully acknowledge NCEP for the CFSv2 model made available to COLA. Computing resources provided by NAS are also gratefully acknowledged. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 41 IS 9-10 BP 2785 EP 2795 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1965-8 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 242LY UT WOS:000326244700031 ER PT J AU Staudinger, MD Carter, SL Cross, MS Dubois, NS Duffy, JE Enquist, C Griffis, R Hellmann, JJ Lawler, JJ O'Leary, J Morrison, SA Sneddon, L Stein, BA Thompson, LM Turner, W AF Staudinger, Michelle D. Carter, Shawn L. Cross, Molly S. Dubois, Natalie S. Duffy, J. Emmett Enquist, Carolyn Griffis, Roger Hellmann, Jessica J. Lawler, Joshua J. O'Leary, John Morrison, Scott A. Sneddon, Lesley Stein, Bruce A. Thompson, Laura M. Turner, Woody TI Biodiversity in a changing climate: a synthesis of current and projected trends in the US SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID RANGE SHIFTS; WESTERN-HEMISPHERE; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; LOCAL ADAPTATION; SPECIES RANGES; POPULATION; IMPACTS; MARINE; DISPERSAL; EVOLUTION AB This paper provides a synthesis of the recent literature describing how global biodiversity is being affected by climate change and is projected to respond in the future. Current studies reinforce earlier findings of major climate-change-related impacts on biological systems and document new, more subtle after-effects. For example, many species are shifting their distributions and phenologies at faster rates than were recorded just a few years ago; however, responses are not uniform across species. Shifts have been idiosyncratic and in some cases counterintuitive, promoting new community compositions and altering biotic interactions. Although genetic diversity enhances species' potential to respond to variable conditions, climate change may outpace intrinsic adaptive capacities and increase the relative vulnerabilities of many organisms. Developing effective adaptation strategies for biodiversity conservation will not only require flexible decision-making and management approaches that account for uncertainties in climate projections and ecological responses but will also necessitate coordinated monitoring efforts. C1 [Staudinger, Michelle D.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Staudinger, Michelle D.; Carter, Shawn L.; Thompson, Laura M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Staudinger, Michelle D.] US Dept Interior Northeast Climate Sci Ctr, Amherst, MA USA. [Cross, Molly S.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bozeman, MT USA. [Dubois, Natalie S.] Defenders Wildlife, Washington, DC USA. [Duffy, J. Emmett] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Enquist, Carolyn] Univ Arizona, USA Natl Phenol Network, Natl Coordinating Off, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ USA. [Enquist, Carolyn] Wildlife Soc, Bethesda, MD USA. [Griffis, Roger] NOAA Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Hellmann, Jessica J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Lawler, Joshua J.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [O'Leary, John] Massachusetts Div Fisheries & Wildlife, Westborough, MA USA. [Morrison, Scott A.] Nature Conservancy, San Francisco, CA USA. [Sneddon, Lesley] NatureServe, Eastern Reg Off, Boston, MA USA. [Stein, Bruce A.] Natl Wildlife Federat, Washington, DC USA. [Turner, Woody] Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm Headquarters, Earth Sci Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Staudinger, MD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM mstaudinger@usgs.gov OI Staudinger, Michelle/0000-0002-4535-2005 FU US Geological Survey's (USGS's) National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX Funding for this study and the development of the full technical report, "Impacts of climate change on biodiversity, ecosystems, and ecosystem services: technical input to the 2013 National Climate Assessment", was provided by the US Geological Survey's (USGS's) National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank W Reid, J Whittier, E Varela-Acevedo, JP Schmidt, C Allen, J Belnap, and L Buckley for thoughtful comments on and assistance with earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 50 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 10 U2 135 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 11 IS 9 BP 465 EP 473 DI 10.1890/120272 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 244CE UT WOS:000326363900003 ER PT J AU Staudt, A Leidner, AK Howard, J Brauman, KA Dukes, JS Hansen, LJ Paukert, C Sabo, J Solorzano, LA AF Staudt, Amanda Leidner, Allison K. Howard, Jennifer Brauman, Kate A. Dukes, Jeffrey S. Hansen, Lara J. Paukert, Craig Sabo, John Solorzano, Luis A. TI The added complications of climate change: understanding and managing biodiversity and ecosystems SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID BUTTERFLY DIVERSITY; MELTING GLACIERS; GLOBAL CHANGE; LAND-USE; IMPACTS; TEMPERATURE; METAANALYSIS; IRRIGATION; SCENARIOS; DRIVERS AB Ecosystems around the world are already threatened by land-use and land-cover change, extraction of natural resources, biological disturbances, and pollution. These environmental stressors have been the primary source of ecosystem degradation to date, and climate change is now exacerbating some of their effects. Ecosystems already under stress are likely to have more rapid and acute reactions to climate change; it is therefore useful to understand how multiple stresses will interact, especially as the magnitude of climate change increases. Understanding these interactions could be critically important in the design of climate adaptation strategies, especially because actions taken by other sectors (eg energy, agriculture, transportation) to address climate change may create new ecosystem stresses. C1 [Staudt, Amanda] Natl Wildlife Federat, Reston, VA USA. [Leidner, Allison K.] NASA Headquarters, Div Earth Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Howard, Jennifer] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Brauman, Kate A.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Environm, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Dukes, Jeffrey S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dukes, Jeffrey S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hansen, Lara J.] EcoAdapt, Bainbridge Island, WA USA. [Paukert, Craig] Univ Missouri, USGS, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. [Sabo, John] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. [Solorzano, Luis A.] Gordon & Betty Moore Fdn, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Staudt, A (reprint author), Natl Acad, Washington, DC USA. EM astaudt@nas.edu RI Dukes, Jeffrey/C-9765-2009; OI Dukes, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9482-7743; Brauman, Kate/0000-0002-8099-285X FU Missouri Department of Conservation; University of Missouri; USGS; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank K Johnson, J Riddell, and D Allen for helpful input to earlier versions of this manuscript. We acknowledge the US Geological Survey (USGS), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and the University of Missouri for supporting the workgroup meetings. The Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Missouri Department of Conservation, the University of Missouri, the USGS, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 53 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 9 U2 72 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 11 IS 9 BP 494 EP 501 DI 10.1890/120275 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 244CE UT WOS:000326363900006 ER PT J AU Stein, BA Staudt, A Cross, MS Dubois, NS Enquist, C Griffis, R Hansen, LJ Hellmann, JJ Lawler, JJ Nelson, EJ Pairis, A AF Stein, Bruce A. Staudt, Amanda Cross, Molly S. Dubois, Natalie S. Enquist, Carolyn Griffis, Roger Hansen, Lara J. Hellmann, Jessica J. Lawler, Joshua J. Nelson, Erik J. Pairis, Amber TI Preparing for and managing change: climate adaptation for biodiversity and ecosystems SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; PROTECTED AREAS; CONSERVATION; WORLD; FACE; RESTORATION; RESILIENCE; STRATEGIES AB The emerging field of climate-change adaptation has experienced a dramatic increase in attention as the impacts of climate change on biodiversity and ecosystems have become more evident. Preparing for and addressing these changes are now prominent themes in conservation and natural resource policy and practice. Adaptation increasingly is viewed as a way of managing change, rather than just maintaining existing conditions. There is also increasing recognition of the need not only to adjust management strategies in light of climate shifts, but to reassess and, as needed, modify underlying conservation goals. Major advances in the development of climate-adaptation principles, strategies, and planning processes have occurred over the past few years, although implementation of adaptation plans continues to lag. With ecosystems expected to undergo continuing climate-mediated changes for years to come, adaptation can best be thought of as an ongoing process, rather than as a fixed endpoint. C1 [Stein, Bruce A.] Natl Wildlife Federat, Washington, DC USA. [Staudt, Amanda] Natl Wildlife Federat, Reston, VA USA. [Cross, Molly S.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bozeman, MT USA. [Dubois, Natalie S.] Defenders Wildlife, Washington, DC USA. [Enquist, Carolyn] USA Natl Phenol Network & Wildlife Soc, Tucson, AZ USA. [Griffis, Roger] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Hansen, Lara J.] EcoAdapt, Bainbridge Isl, WA USA. [Hellmann, Jessica J.] Univ Notre Dame, South Bend, IN USA. [Lawler, Joshua J.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Nelson, Erik J.] Bowdoin Coll, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Pairis, Amber] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Stein, BA (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Federat, Washington, DC USA. EM steinb@nwf.org OI Nelson, Erik/0000-0002-7291-5192 FU US Geological Survey's National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX This article is based on a technical input to the National Climate Assessment and grew out of a workshop on biodiversity, ecosystems, and ecosystem services hosted in January 2012 by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation in Palo Alto, CA. The authors gratefully acknowledge input from the following for discussions that contributed to development of this paper: D Beard, R Bierbaum, E Girvetz, P Gonzalez, S Ruffo, and J Smith. We also thank members of the National Wildlife Federation-led Climate-Smart Conservation Workgroup for their help in developing Figure 2 and the adaptation principles presented here. Financial support for preparation and publication of this paper was provided by the US Geological Survey's National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. NR 63 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 9 U2 123 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 11 IS 9 BP 502 EP 510 DI 10.1890/120277 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 244CE UT WOS:000326363900007 ER PT J AU Guzman, JM Luckenbach, JA Swanson, P AF Guzman, Jose M. Luckenbach, J. Adam Swanson, Penny TI Molecular characterization and quantification of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) gonadotropins and their receptors: Reproductive dysfunction in female captive broodstock SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anoplopoma fimbria; Gonadotropin; Gonadotropin receptor; Reproductive dysfunction; Sablefish ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; HALIBUT HIPPOGLOSSUS-HIPPOGLOSSUS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SOLE SOLEA-SENEGALENSIS; COMPLEMENTARY-DNA CLONING; GENE-EXPRESSION; COHO SALMON; GLYCOPROTEIN HORMONES; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; FSH-BETA AB Efforts to establish an aquaculture industry for sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) are constrained by reproductive dysfunction in wild-caught fish and by lack of reproduction of F1 females. Toward a better understanding of the reproductive dysfunction of captive broodstock, full-length cDNAs encoding the sablefish gonadotropin subunits (fshb, lhb and cga) and their receptors (fshr and lhcgr) were cloned, sequenced and quantitative real-time PCR assays developed. Sablefish gonadotropin subunits display some unique features, such as two additional Cys residues in the N-terminal region of Fshb and a lack of potential N-glycosylation sites in Fshb and Lhb, whereas Fshr and Lhcgr possess conserved structural characteristics described in other vertebrates. Wild females captured in fall completed gametogenesis in captivity the next spawning season, whereas females captured three months earlier, during summer, failed to mature. Interestingly, these wild non-maturing females exhibited similar reproductive features as prepubertal F1 females, including low levels of pituitary gonadotropin and ovarian receptor mRNAs and plasma sex steroids, and ovarian follicles arrested at the perinucleolus stage. In conclusion, this study described the cloning, molecular characterization and development of qPCRs for sablefish gonadotropins and their receptors. Rearing conditions may impair vitellogenic growth of ovarian follicles in sablefish, compromising the reproductive success of broodstock. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Guzman, Jose M.; Luckenbach, J. Adam; Swanson, Penny] NOAA, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Luckenbach, J. Adam; Swanson, Penny] Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 98164 USA. RP Guzman, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jose.guzman-jimenez@noaa.gov FU NWFSC; Fundacion Alfonso Martin Escudero (Madrid, Spain) FX The authors are grateful to Ken Massee and Dr. Mike Rust for providing sablefish for this study, and to Mollie Middleton and Elizabeth K. Smith for their inestimable lab assistance. This research was supported by funding to J.A.L. from the internal grant program of the NWFSC and a fellowship from the Fundacion Alfonso Martin Escudero (Madrid, Spain) to J.M.G. NR 58 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 30 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 EI 1095-6840 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 193 BP 37 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.07.007 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 244YX UT WOS:000326427200005 PM 23892013 ER PT J AU Goetz, A Baker, B Buehrens, T Quinn, TP AF Goetz, A. Baker, B. Buehrens, T. Quinn, T. P. TI Diversity of movements by individual anadromous coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behaviour; estuary; migration; Puget Sound; salmonid; telemetry ID REARED ATLANTIC SALMON; VISUAL PREY DETECTION; BROWN TROUT; VERTICAL MOVEMENTS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PACIFIC SALMON; HABITAT USE; ULTRASONIC TELEMETRY; SEASONAL PATTERNS; LAKE WASHINGTON AB Wild, downstream-migrating cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii, smolts and adults were captured at a weir in Big Beef Creek, Hood Canal, Washington, surgically implanted with acoustic tags and tracked to identify spring and summer movements using stationary receivers in order to test the assumption that the species moves little while in marine waters. Overall, 93-96% migrated from the stream into the east side of the long narrow fjord, where they dispersed north and south along the shoreline. Most O. c. clarkii were detected nearshore within 10km of the release site, with declining detection rates to 77km. Over one-third (36%) crossed c. 2-4km of deep water to the other side but only one O. c. clarkii left the Hood Canal basin. Movements and behaviour patterns did not differ between smolts and adults but cluster analysis revealed two modes of distribution, here categorized as residents and migrants. Within these categories of overall distribution, a range of finer-scale behaviour patterns was observed, including sedentary individuals, daily moving between proximate sites and more continuous long-distance travel. Diel movement patterns varied markedly among individuals but overall activity increased near dawn, peaked around mid-day and declined but continued at night. These patterns contrast with sympatric and closely related steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, providing new insights into the diversity of salmonid behaviour. (C) 2013 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 [Goetz, A.; Baker, B.; Buehrens, T.; Quinn, T. P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Goetz, A.] US Army Corps Engineers, Seattle, WA 98134 USA. [Baker, B.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Buehrens, T.] Wild Fish Conservancy, Duvall, WA 98019 USA. RP Goetz, A (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, 1122 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM fred.goetz@usace.army.mil FU H. Mason Keeler Endowment at the University of Washington (UW); U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; NOAA Fisheries FX The authors thank T. Johnson, M. Gillum and K. Sheilds (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife) for support in O. c. clarkii collection and receiver deployments. R. Endicott, J. Lee, R. Bush, K. Frick, S. Katz, G. Brooks, K. Andrews and N. Tolimieri (NOAA Fisheries), E. Jeanes and C. Morello (R2), M. Racine and volunteer divers (Washington Scuba Alliance), S. Larson (Seattle Aquarium), J. Blaine and J. Devereaux (King County) and C. Ebel (U.S. Army Corps) assisted with receiver deployment and recovery, and D. Goetz assisted with mobile tracking. J. Scheuerell and C. Ewing assisted in the development and management of the Hydra website and D. Kim and M. Brown assisted with data analysis. The POST Project provided detection data from Admiralty Inlet and the Strait of Juan de Fuca. This research directly supports the stated purpose of the Census of Marine Life. This study was supported by the H. Mason Keeler Endowment at the University of Washington (UW), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and NOAA Fisheries. D. Beauchamp and T. Essington (UW) provided reviews and comments. S. Tezak, B. Berejikian and M. Moore (NOAA) are especially recognized for their assistance and collaborative efforts in conducting O. c. clarkii and O. mykiss research, and D. Van Doornik (NOAA) for genetic identification of O. c. clarkii NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 83 IS 5 BP 1161 EP 1182 DI 10.1111/jfb.12209 PG 22 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 245PU UT WOS:000326476700005 ER PT J AU Parsons, KM Durban, JW Burdin, AM Burkanov, VN Pitman, RL Barlow, J Barrett-Lennard, LG LeDuc, RG Robertson, KM Matkin, CO Wade, PR AF Parsons, Kim M. Durban, John W. Burdin, Alexander M. Burkanov, Vladimir N. Pitman, Robert L. Barlow, Jay Barrett-Lennard, Lance G. LeDuc, Richard G. Robertson, Kelly M. Matkin, Craig O. Wade, Paul R. TI Geographic Patterns of Genetic Differentiation among Killer Whales in the Northern North Pacific SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE ecotypes; genetic structure; mtDNA; microsatellite; Orcinus orca; populations; subpopulations ID CENTRAL ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; 2 SYMPATRIC POPULATIONS; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; STELLER SEA LIONS; ORCINUS-ORCA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; HUMPBACK WHALES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB The difficulties associated with detecting population boundaries have long constrained the conservation and management of highly mobile, wide-ranging marine species, such as killer whales (Orcinus orca). In this study, we use data from 26 nuclear microsatellite loci and mitochondrial DNA sequences (988bp) to test a priori hypotheses about population subdivisions generated from a decade of killer whale surveys across the northern North Pacific. A total of 462 remote skin biopsies were collected from wild killer whales primarily between 2001 and 2010 from the northern Gulf of Alaska to the Sea of Okhotsk, representing both the piscivorous resident and the mammal-eating transient (or Biggs) killer whales. Divergence of the 2 ecotypes was supported by both mtDNA and microsatellites. Geographic patterns of genetic differentiation were supported by significant regions of genetic discontinuity, providing evidence of population structuring within both ecotypes and corroborating direct observations of restricted movements of individual whales. In the Aleutian Islands (Alaska), subpopulations, or groups with significantly different mtDNA and microsatellite allele frequencies, were largely delimited by major oceanographic boundaries for resident killer whales. Although Amchitka Pass represented a major subdivision for transient killer whales between the central and western Aleutian Islands, several smaller subpopulations were evident throughout the eastern Aleutians and Bering Sea. Support for seasonally sympatric transient subpopulations around Unimak Island suggests isolating mechanisms other than geographic distance within this highly mobile top predator. C1 [Parsons, Kim M.; Durban, John W.; Burkanov, Vladimir N.; Wade, Paul R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Burdin, Alexander M.] RAS, Kamchatka Branch, Pacific Inst Geog, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski, Russia. [Barrett-Lennard, Lance G.] Vancouver Aquarium Marine Sci Ctr, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Matkin, Craig O.] North Gulf Ocean Soc, Homer, AK USA. RP Parsons, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM kim.parsons@noaa.gov FU National Marine Mammal Laboratory (Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA) FX National Marine Mammal Laboratory (Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA). NR 101 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 91 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 EI 1465-7333 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 104 IS 6 BP 737 EP + DI 10.1093/jhered/est037 PG 18 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 239RL UT WOS:000326043000001 PM 23846984 ER PT J AU Kershaw, F Leslie, MS Collins, T Mansur, RM Smith, BD Minton, G Baldwin, R LeDuc, RG Anderson, RC Brownell, RL Rosenbaum, HC AF Kershaw, Francine Leslie, Matthew S. Collins, Tim Mansur, Rubaiyat M. Smith, Brian D. Minton, Gianna Baldwin, Robert LeDuc, Richard G. Anderson, R. Charles Brownell, Robert L., Jr. Rosenbaum, Howard C. TI Population Differentiation of 2 Forms of Brydes Whales in the Indian and Pacific Oceans SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE Balaenoptera; Brydes whale; conservation; Indo Pacific; management; population structure ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; HUMPBACK WHALES; BALAENOPTERA-EDENI; NORTH PACIFIC; BALEEN WHALE; SPECIMENS; ATLANTIC; DIVERSITY; PHYLOGENY; DISTANCES AB Accurate identification of units for conservation is particularly challenging for marine species as obvious barriers to gene flow are generally lacking. Brydes whales (Balaenoptera spp.) are subject to multiple human-mediated stressors, including fisheries bycatch, ship strikes, and scientific whaling by Japan. For effective management, a clear understanding of how populations of each Brydes whale species/subspecies are genetically structured across their range is required. We conducted a population-level analysis of mtDNA control region sequences with 56 new samples from Oman, Maldives, and Bangladesh, plus published sequences from off Java and the Northwest Pacific. Nine diagnostic characters in the mitochondrial control region and a maximum parsimony phylogenetic analysis identified 2 genetically recognized subspecies of Brydes whale: the larger, offshore form, Balaenoptera edeni brydei, and the smaller, coastal form, Balaenoptera edeni edeni. Genetic diversity and differentiation indices, combined with a reconstructed maximum parsimony haplotype network, indicate strong differences in the genetic diversity and population structure within each subspecies. Discrete population units are identified for B. e. brydei in the Maldives, Java, and the Northwest Pacific and for B. e. edeni between the Northern Indian Ocean (Oman and Bangladesh) and the coastal waters of Japan. C1 [Kershaw, Francine; Rosenbaum, Howard C.] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Kershaw, Francine; Leslie, Matthew S.; Rosenbaum, Howard C.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Sackler Inst Comparat Genom, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Leslie, Matthew S.; LeDuc, Richard G.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. [Brownell, Robert L., Jr.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Grove, CA USA. [Collins, Tim; Mansur, Rubaiyat M.; Smith, Brian D.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Ocean Giants Program, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Collins, Tim; Minton, Gianna; Baldwin, Robert] Environm Soc Oman Whale, Ruwi, Oman. [Collins, Tim; Minton, Gianna; Baldwin, Robert] Dolphin Res Grp, Ruwi, Oman. [Minton, Gianna] WWF Gabon, Libreville, Gabon. [Anderson, R. Charles] Manta Marine Pvt Ltd, Male, Maldives. RP Kershaw, F (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, 1200 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM flk2107@columbia.edu; hrosenbaum@wcs.org OI Collins, Tim/0000-0002-7124-4876 NR 53 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 EI 1465-7333 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 104 IS 6 BP 755 EP 764 DI 10.1093/jhered/est057 PG 10 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 239RL UT WOS:000326043000002 PM 24081988 ER PT J AU Richards, VP Greig, TW Fair, PA McCulloch, SD Politz, C Natoli, A Driscoll, CA Hoelzel, AR David, V Bossart, GD Lopez, JV AF Richards, Vincent P. Greig, Thomas W. Fair, Patricia A. McCulloch, Stephen D. Politz, Christine Natoli, Ada Driscoll, Carlos A. Hoelzel, A. Rus David, Victor Bossart, Gregory D. Lopez, Jose V. TI Patterns of Population Structure for Inshore Bottlenose Dolphins along the Eastern United States SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE Indian River Lagoon; microsatellite; mtDNA; Tursiops truncatus ID INDIAN-RIVER LAGOON; SEX-BIASED DISPERSAL; GULF-OF-MEXICO; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; CETACEAN POPULATIONS; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; SOUTH-CAROLINA; SPECIES TREES AB Globally distributed, the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is found in a range of offshore and coastal habitats. Using 15 microsatellite loci and mtDNA control region sequences, we investigated patterns of genetic differentiation among putative populations along the eastern US shoreline (the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, and Charleston Harbor, South Carolina) (microsatellite analyses: n = 125, mtDNA analyses: n = 132). We further utilized the mtDNA to compare these populations with those from the Northwest Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean. Results showed strong differentiation among inshore, alongshore, and offshore habitats (Phi(ST) = 0.744). In addition, Bayesian clustering analyses revealed the presence of 2 genetic clusters (populations) within the 250 km Indian River Lagoon. Habitat heterogeneity is likely an important force diversifying bottlenose dolphin populations through its influence on social behavior and foraging strategy. We propose that the spatial pattern of genetic variation within the lagoon reflects both its steep longitudinal transition of climate and also its historical discontinuity and recent connection as part of Intracoastal Waterway development. These findings have important management implications as they emphasize the role of habitat and the consequence of its modification in shaping bottlenose dolphin population structure and highlight the possibility of multiple management units existing in discrete inshore habitats along the entire eastern US shoreline. C1 [Richards, Vincent P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Greig, Thomas W.; Fair, Patricia A.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Marine Mammal Res & Conservat Program, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Pierce, FL USA. [McCulloch, Stephen D.; Politz, Christine; Driscoll, Carlos A.; Bossart, Gregory D.; Lopez, Jose V.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. [Natoli, Ada; Hoelzel, A. Rus] Univ Durham, Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, Durham, England. [David, Victor] Natl Canc Inst, Basic Res Lab Genom Div, Frederick, MD USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Georgia Aquarium, Nw Atlanta, GA USA. [Lopez, Jose V.] Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL USA. RP Richards, VP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM vpr3@cornell.edu OI Driscoll, Carlos/0000-0003-2392-505X FU State of Florida's Protect Wild Dolphins Specialty License Plate Fund; NOAA/Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research (CCEHBR); NOAA/NMFS Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program; Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute FX State of Florida's Protect Wild Dolphins Specialty License Plate Fund; NOAA/Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research (CCEHBR); NOAA/NMFS Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program; Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute. NR 95 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 45 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 EI 1465-7333 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 104 IS 6 BP 765 EP 778 DI 10.1093/jhered/est070 PG 14 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 239RL UT WOS:000326043000003 PM 24129993 ER PT J AU Yu, Z Tischler, T Sarmady, M Sasson, A Perin, J Pennington, J White, PS Ruth, B Italia, M McLarney, B Brown-Kipphut, B Conlin, L Warren, P Zook, J Stolle, C Santani, A AF Yu, Z. Tischler, T. Sarmady, M. Sasson, A. Perin, J. Pennington, J. White, P. S. Ruth, B. Italia, M. McLarney, B. Brown-Kipphut, B. Conlin, L. Warren, P. Zook, J. Stolle, C. Santani, A. TI Development and Validation of a Diagnostic Test for Five Distinct Genetic Disorders with Heterogeneous Genetic Etiology Using Next-Generation Sequencing SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Molecular-Pathology (AMP) CY NOV 14-16, 2013 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Assoc Mol Pathol C1 [Yu, Z.; Tischler, T.; Sarmady, M.; Sasson, A.; Perin, J.; Pennington, J.; White, P. S.; Ruth, B.; Italia, M.; McLarney, B.; Brown-Kipphut, B.; Conlin, L.; Warren, P.; Stolle, C.; Santani, A.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Zook, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1525-1578 EI 1943-7811 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 15 IS 6 BP 843 EP 843 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 248BF UT WOS:000326668000017 ER PT J AU Church, D Funke, B Hegde, M Chao, C Trow, J Slotta, D Halavi, M Meric, PA Ananiev, V Frishberg, D Rubinstein, W da Silva, C Gowrisankar, S Ajay, S Chapman, B Compton, J Dames, S Das, S Feng, Y Hambuch, T Kulkarni, S Mao, R O'Fallon, BD Shrivastava, S Toji, L Zhang, V Zook, J Kalman, L AF Church, D. Funke, B. Hegde, M. Chao, C. Trow, J. Slotta, D. Halavi, M. Meric, P. A. Ananiev, V. Frishberg, D. Rubinstein, W. da Silva, C. Gowrisankar, S. Ajay, S. Chapman, B. Compton, J. Dames, S. Das, S. Feng, Y. Hambuch, T. Kulkarni, S. Mao, R. O'Fallon, B. D. Shrivastava, S. Toji, L. Zhang, V. Zook, J. Kalman, L. TI Development of Consensus Reference Material Tools for Clinical Next-Generation Sequencing Tests SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Molecular-Pathology (AMP) CY NOV 14-16, 2013 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Assoc Mol Pathol C1 [Church, D.] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Funke, B.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Cambridge, MA USA. [Funke, B.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hegde, M.; da Silva, C.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Chao, C.; Trow, J.; Slotta, D.; Halavi, M.; Meric, P. A.; Ananiev, V.; Frishberg, D.; Rubinstein, W.] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gowrisankar, S.] Partners Healthcare Ctr Personalized Genet Med, Cambridge, MA USA. [Ajay, S.; Hambuch, T.] Illumina, San Diego, CA USA. [Chapman, B.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Compton, J.] GeneDx Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Dames, S.; Mao, R.; O'Fallon, B. D.] ARUP Labs, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Das, S.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Feng, Y.; Zhang, V.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Kulkarni, S.; Shrivastava, S.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. [Toji, L.] Coriell Inst Med Res, Camden, NJ USA. [Zook, J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kalman, L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1525-1578 EI 1943-7811 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 15 IS 6 BP 847 EP 847 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 248BF UT WOS:000326668000032 ER PT J AU Rothman, LS Gordon, IE Babikov, Y Barbe, A Benner, DC Bernath, PF Birk, M Bizzocchi, L Boudon, V Brown, LR Campargue, A Chance, K Cohen, EA Coudert, LH Devi, VM Drouin, BJ Fayt, A Flaud, JM Gamache, RR Harrison, JJ Hartmann, JM Hill, C Hodges, JT Jacquemart, D Jolly, A Lamouroux, J Le Roy, RJ Li, G Long, DA Lyulin, OM Mackie, CJ Massie, ST Mikhailenko, S Muller, HSP Naumenko, OV Nikitin, AV Orphal, J Perevalov, V Perrin, A Polovtseva, ER Richard, C Smith, MAH Starikova, E Sung, K Tashkun, S Tennyson, J Toon, GC Tyuterev, VG Wagner, G AF Rothman, L. S. Gordon, I. E. Babikov, Y. Barbe, A. Benner, D. Chris Bernath, P. F. Birk, M. Bizzocchi, L. Boudon, V. Brown, L. R. Campargue, A. Chance, K. Cohen, E. A. Coudert, L. H. Devi, V. M. Drouin, B. J. Fayt, A. Flaud, J. -M. Gamache, R. R. Harrison, J. J. Hartmann, J. -M. Hill, C. Hodges, J. T. Jacquemart, D. Jolly, A. Lamouroux, J. Le Roy, R. J. Li, G. Long, D. A. Lyulin, O. M. Mackie, C. J. Massie, S. T. Mikhailenko, S. Mueller, H. S. P. Naumenko, O. V. Nikitin, A. V. Orphal, J. Perevalov, V. Perrin, A. Polovtseva, E. R. Richard, C. Smith, M. A. H. Starikova, E. Sung, K. Tashkun, S. Tennyson, J. Toon, G. C. Tyuterev, Vl. G. Wagner, G. TI The HITRAN2012 molecular spectroscopic database SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE HITRAN; Spectroscopic database; Molecular spectroscopy; Molecular absorption; Spectroscopic line parameters; Absorption cross-sections; Aerosols ID MU-M REGION; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; CW-CAVITY RING; COMPLEX REFRACTIVE-INDEXES; SPECTRAL-LINE PARAMETERS; O-2 A-BAND; INCLUDING TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCES; ELECTRIC QUADRUPOLE TRANSITIONS; ROTATIONAL-VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA; SUBMILLIMETER-WAVE SPECTRUM AB This paper describes the status of the 2012 edition of the HITRAN molecular spectroscopic compilation. The new edition replaces the previous HITRAN edition of 2008 and its updates during the intervening years. The HITRAN molecular absorption compilation is comprised of six major components structured into folders that are freely accessible on the internet. These folders consist of the traditional line-by-line spectroscopic parameters required for high-resolution radiative-transfer codes, infrared absorption cross-sections for molecules not yet amenable to representation in a line-by-line form, ultraviolet spectroscopic parameters, aerosol indices of refraction, collision-induced absorption data, and general tables such as partition sums that apply globally to the data. The new HITRAN is greatly extended in terms of accuracy, spectral coverage, additional absorption phenomena, and validity. Molecules and isotopologues have been added that address the issues of atmospheres beyond the Earth. Also discussed is a new initiative that casts HITRAN into a relational database format that offers many advantages over the long-standing sequential text-based structure that has existed since the initial release of HITRAN in the early 1970s. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rothman, L. S.; Gordon, I. E.; Chance, K.; Li, G.; Mackie, C. J.; Richard, C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Babikov, Y.; Lyulin, O. M.; Mikhailenko, S.; Naumenko, O. V.; Nikitin, A. V.; Perevalov, V.; Polovtseva, E. R.; Starikova, E.; Tashkun, S.] VE Zuev Inst Atmospher Opt SB RAS, Tomsk 634021, Russia. [Barbe, A.; Tyuterev, Vl. G.] Univ Reims, Grp Spectrometrie Mol & Atmospher, F-51062 Reims, France. [Benner, D. Chris; Devi, V. M.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Bernath, P. F.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Birk, M.; Wagner, G.] DLR, Remote Sensing Technol Inst, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. [Bizzocchi, L.] Observ Astron Lisboa, CAAUL, Lisbon, Portugal. [Boudon, V.] Univ Bourgogne, CNRS, UMR 6303, Lab Interdisciplinaire Carnot Bourgogne, F-21078 Dijon, France. [Brown, L. R.; Cohen, E. A.; Drouin, B. J.; Sung, K.; Toon, G. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Campargue, A.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, LIPhy UMR5588, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. [Coudert, L. H.; Flaud, J. -M.; Hartmann, J. -M.; Jolly, A.; Lamouroux, J.; Perrin, A.] Hop Henri Mondor, CNRS, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Coudert, L. H.; Flaud, J. -M.; Hartmann, J. -M.; Jolly, A.; Lamouroux, J.; Perrin, A.] Univ Paris 07, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Fayt, A.] Catholic Univ Louvain, Lab Spect Mol, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Gamache, R. R.; Lamouroux, J.] Univ Mass Lowell, Dept Environm Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Harrison, J. J.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Hill, C.; Tennyson, J.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Hodges, J. T.; Long, D. A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jacquemart, D.] Univ Paris 06, UMR 7075, Lab Dynam Interact & React, F-75252 Paris, France. [Le Roy, R. J.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Massie, S. T.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Mueller, H. S. P.] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. [Orphal, J.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. [Smith, M. A. H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Rothman, LS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM LSR_JQSRT@verizon.net RI Tennyson, Jonathan/I-2222-2012; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; BOUDON, Vincent/A-4504-2010; Orphal, Johannes/A-8667-2012; Starikova, Evgeniya/E-8680-2014; Nikitin, Andrei/K-2624-2013; Tashkun, Sergey/E-8682-2014; Babikov, Yurii/E-8686-2014; Li, Gang/P-2272-2015; Harrison, Jeremy/L-1073-2016; Sung, Keeyoon/I-6533-2015 OI Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577; Mackie, Cameron/0000-0003-2885-2021; Gordon, Iouli/0000-0003-4763-2841; Rothman, Laurence/0000-0002-3837-4847; Bizzocchi, Luca/0000-0002-9953-8593; Mueller, Holger/0000-0002-0183-8927; Tennyson, Jonathan/0000-0002-4994-5238; Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Orphal, Johannes/0000-0002-1943-4496; Nikitin, Andrei/0000-0002-4280-4096; Li, Gang/0000-0002-5605-7896; Harrison, Jeremy/0000-0001-5530-7104; FU NASA AURA [NNX11AF91G]; NASA [NNX10AB94G]; National Science Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The management and development of the HITRAN molecular database has been supported by NASA AURA mission Grant NNX11AF91G, and NASA Planetary Atmosphere Grant NNX10AB94G.; NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Part of the research at the College of William and Mary, Langley Research Center, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory an), California Institute of Technology was performed under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 352 TC 988 Z9 1016 U1 37 U2 242 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 130 SI SI BP 4 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2013.07.002 PG 47 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 245RS UT WOS:000326482100002 ER PT J AU Long, DA Truong, GW Hodges, JT Miller, CE AF Long, D. A. Truong, G-W Hodges, J. T. Miller, C. E. TI Absolute (CO2)-C-12-O-16 transition frequencies at the kHz-level from 1.6 to 7.8 mu m SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; Line positions; Transition frequencies; Optical frequency comb ID O-2 A-BAND; MOLECULAR-CONSTANTS; SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; LINE PARAMETERS; CAVITY RING; CO2; LASER; COMB; STABILIZATION; CM(-1) AB Absolute transition frequencies were measured for a series of transitions in the (30013)<-(00001) near-infrared (CO2)-C-12-O-16 band. These measurements were referenced to a cesium atomic clock through the use of an optical frequency comb. Combined standard uncertainties as low as 18 kHz (6 x 10(-7) cm(-1)) were achieved. Importantly, deviations as large as 5 MHz were observed relative to the HITRAN 2008 database. These measurements were then included in a global fit of 416 CO2 mid-infrared and near-infrared measurements each of which was absolute. The resulting spectroscopic parameters provide a series of secondary frequency standards with kHz-level uncertainties across a wide frequency range and should significantly improve spectroscopic retrieval algorithms for space-based measurements of atmospheric CO2. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Long, D. A.; Truong, G-W; Hodges, J. T.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Truong, G-W] Univ Western Australia, Sch Phys, Frequency Stand & Metrol Res Grp, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. [Miller, C. E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Long, DA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.long@nist.gov; charles.e.miller@jpl.nasa.gov FU NIST Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Climate Research Program; NIST Innovations in Measurement Science (IMS) award; Australian Fulbright Fellowship; Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) mission; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX Support was provided by the NIST Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Climate Research Program and a NIST Innovations in Measurement Science (IMS) award. G.-W. Truong was supported at NIST by an Australian Fulbright Fellowship. Additional support was provided by the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) mission. The research performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology was conducted under contract from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 130 SI SI BP 112 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2013.07.001 PG 4 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 245RS UT WOS:000326482100008 ER PT J AU Burzynski, GM Reed, X Maragh, S Matsui, T McCallion, AS AF Burzynski, Grzegorz M. Reed, Xylena Maragh, Samantha Matsui, Takeshi McCallion, Andrew S. TI Integration of genomic and functional approaches reveals enhancers at LMX1A and LMX1B SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Enhancer; LMX1A; LMX1B; Midbrain; Hindbrain; Zebrafish ID NAIL-PATELLA SYNDROME; LIM-HOMEODOMAIN GENE; MAMMALIAN INNER-EAR; ISTHMIC ORGANIZER; ROOF PLATE; SEROTONERGIC NEURONS; EXPRESSION PATTERNS; TEMPORAL EXPRESSION; WNT1 EXPRESSION; ZEBRAFISH AB LMX1A and LMX1B encode two closely related members of the LIM homeobox family of transcription factors. These genes play significant, and frequently overlapping, roles in the development of many structures in the nervous system, including the cerebellum, hindbrain, spinal cord roof plate, sensory systems and dopaminergic midbrain neurons. Little is known about the cis-acting regulatory elements (REs) that dictate their temporal and spatial expression or about the regulatory landscape surrounding them. The availability of comparative sequence data and the advent of genomic technologies such as ChIP-seq have revolutionized our capacity to identify regulatory sequences like enhancers. Despite this wealth of data, the vast majority of loci lack any significant in vivo functional exploration of their non-coding regions. We have completed a significant functional screen of conserved non-coding sequences (putative REs) scattered across these critical human loci, assaying the temporal and spatial control using zebrafish transgenesis. We first identify and describe the LMX1A paralogs lmx1a and lmx1a-like, comparing their expression during embryogenesis with that in mammals, along with lmx1ba and lmx1bb genes. Consistent with their prominent neuronal expression, 47/71 sequences selected within and flanking LMX1A and LMX1B exert spatial control of reporter expression in the central nervous system (CNS) of mosaic zebrafish embryos. Upon germline transmission, we identify CNS reporter expression in multiple independent founders for 22 constructs (LMX1A, n = 17; LMX1B, n = 5). The identified enhancers display significant overlap in their spatial control and represent only a fraction of the conserved non-coding sequences at these critical genes. Our data reveal the abundance of regulatory instruction located near these developmentally important genes. C1 [Burzynski, Grzegorz M.; Reed, Xylena; Maragh, Samantha; Matsui, Takeshi; McCallion, Andrew S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol & Comparat Pathobiol, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Reed, Xylena; Maragh, Samantha] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Predoctoral Training Program Human Genet, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Maragh, Samantha] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McCallion, AS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol & Comparat Pathobiol, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, 733 N Broadway,BRB Suite 407, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM andy@jhmi.edu FU McKusick Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine Center for Functional Investigation in Zebrafish (FINZ); National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke (NINDS, NIH) [R01 NS062972]; NIH [5T32GM07814]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the McKusick Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine Center for Functional Investigation in Zebrafish (FINZ). This research was supported in part by the National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke (R01 NS062972; NINDS, NIH) to ASM. XR was also supported by NIH pre-doctoral training grant 5T32GM07814. SM was supported by funds from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1617-4615 EI 1617-4623 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD NOV PY 2013 VL 288 IS 11 BP 579 EP 589 DI 10.1007/s00438-013-0771-7 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 242TC UT WOS:000326263900003 PM 23942840 ER PT J AU Tanamachi, RL Bluestein, HB Xue, M Lee, WC Orzel, KA Frasier, SJ Wakimoto, RM AF Tanamachi, Robin L. Bluestein, Howard B. Xue, Ming Lee, Wen-Chau Orzel, Krzysztof A. Frasier, Stephen J. Wakimoto, Roger M. TI Near-Surface Vortex Structure in a Tornado and in a Sub-Tornado-Strength Convective-Storm Vortex Observed by a Mobile, W-Band Radar during VORTEX2 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Severe storms; Supercells; Tornadoes; Vortices; Radars; Radar observations; Fourier analysis ID DISPLAY GBVTD ANALYSIS; 5 JUNE 1999; DOPPLER RADAR; PART II; OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; ANALYSIS SCHEME; DUAL-DOPPLER; SOUTH-DAKOTA; CYCLONE AB As part of the Second Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX2) field campaign, a very high-resolution, mobile, W-band Doppler radar collected near-surface (200 m AGL) observations in an EF-0 tornado near Tribune, Kansas, on 25 May 2010 and in sub-tornado-strength vortices near Prospect Valley, Colorado, on 26 May 2010. In the Tribune case, the tornado's condensation funnel dissipated and then reformed after a 3-min gap. In the Prospect Valley case, no condensation funnel was observed, but evidence from the highest-resolution radars in the VORTEX2 fleet indicates multiple, sub-tornado-strength vortices near the surface, some with weak-echo holes accompanying Doppler velocity couplets. Using high-resolution Doppler radar data, the authors document the full life cycle of sub-tornado-strength vortex beneath a convective storm that previously produced tornadoes. The kinematic evolution of these vortices, from genesis to decay, is investigated via ground-based velocity track display (GBVTD) analysis of the W-band velocity data. It is found that the azimuthal velocities in the Tribune tornado fluctuated in concert with the (dis)appearance of the condensation funnel. However, the dynamic pressure drop associated with the retrieved azimuthal winds was not sufficient to account for the condensation funnel. In the Prospect Valley case, the strongest and longest-lived sub-tornado-strength vortex exhibited similar azimuthal velocity structure to the Tribune tornado, but had weaker azimuthal winds. In both cases, the radius of maximum azimuthal wind was inversely related to the wind speed, and changes in the axisymmetric azimuthal component of velocity were consistent with independent indicators of vortex intensification and decay. C1 [Tanamachi, Robin L.; Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Tanamachi, Robin L.; Bluestein, Howard B.; Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Lee, Wen-Chau; Wakimoto, Roger M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Orzel, Krzysztof A.; Frasier, Stephen J.] Univ Massachusetts, Microwave Remote Sensing Lab, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Tanamachi, RL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM rtanamachi@ou.edu RI Frasier, Stephen/H-1536-2015 OI Frasier, Stephen/0000-0003-4287-2889 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [AGS-0802888]; NSF [ATM-0934307, AGS-0641201, AGS-0937768]; NSF FX This study was primarily supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant AGS-0802888. The UMass W-band and MWR-05XP radar data collection during VORTEX2 was supported by NSF Grants ATM-0934307, AGS-0641201, and AGS-0937768, and occurred while the first author was a graduate student at the OU School of Meteorology. Observation Processing and Wind Synthesis (OPAWS; http://code.google.com/p/opaws/) software created by Drs. David Dowell and Louis Wicker was used for the objective analyses. Drs. Phillip Stauffer and Michael Bell updated the GBVTD code. Chad Baldi, Dr. Mike French, and Jana Houser collected and processed the MWR-05XP data with support from Robert Bluth. A manuscript by Mingjun Wang, Dr. Kun Zhao, and collaborators on a gradient velocity track display (GrVTD) algorithm provided initial motivation for this study. Sounding and mobile mesonet data from VORTEX2 were provided by the National Center for Atmospheric Research Earth Observing Laboratory (NCAR/EOL) under sponsorship of the NSF. We are grateful for illuminating conversations with Don Burgess and Vincent "Bim" Wood. GBVTD results were plotted using Matplotlib for Python (http://matplotlib.org/). Insightful feedback from Dr. David Lewellen and two other anonymous reviewers substantially improved this manuscript. NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 141 IS 11 BP 3661 EP 3690 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00331.1 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 240AB UT WOS:000326066000001 ER PT J AU Sobash, RA Stensrud, DJ AF Sobash, Ryan A. Stensrud, David J. TI The Impact of Covariance Localization for Radar Data on EnKF Analyses of a Developing MCS: Observing System Simulation Experiments SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Convective clouds; Squall lines; Thunderstorms; Kalman filters; Data assimilation ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; MULTICASE COMPARATIVE-ASSESSMENT; BACKGROUND ERROR COVARIANCES; STORM-SCALE ANALYSES; DATA ASSIMILATION; DOPPLER RADAR; FORECASTS; MODEL; SUPERCELL; OKLAHOMA AB Several observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) were performed to assess the impact of covariance localization of radar data on ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) analyses of a developing convective system. Simulated Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) observations were extracted from a truth simulation and assimilated into experiments with localization cutoff choices of 6, 12, and 18 km in the horizontal and 3, 6, and 12 km in the vertical. Overall, increasing the horizontal localization and decreasing the vertical localization produced analyses with the smallest RMSE for most of the state variables. The convective mode of the analyzed system had an impact on the localization results. During cell mergers, larger horizontal localization improved the results. Prior state correlations between the observations and state variables were used to construct reverse cumulative density functions (RCDFs) to identify the correlation length scales for various observation-state pairs. The OSSE with the smallest RMSE employed localization cutoff values that were similar to the horizontal and vertical length scales of the prior state correlations, especially for observation-state correlations above 0.6. Vertical correlations were restricted to state points closer to the observations than in the horizontal, as determined by the RCDFs. Further, the microphysical state variables were correlated with the reflectivity observations on smaller scales than the three-dimensional wind field and radial velocity observations. The ramifications of these findings on localization choices in convective-scale EnKF experiments that assimilate radar data are discussed. C1 [Sobash, Ryan A.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Sobash, Ryan A.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Stensrud, David J.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Sobash, RA (reprint author), 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 4340B, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM rsobash@ou.edu FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX Much of this work was developed during the first author's participation in the Graduate Student Visitor Program at the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Discussions with Chris Snyder, Jeff Anderson, Glen Romine, and David Dowell were extremely beneficial and greatly improved the work. Nancy Collins and Tim Hoar offered valuable technical assistance with the DART software package. Stimulating conversations with Louis Wicker, Ted Mansell, and Mike Coniglio were particularly helpful. Also, the comments of three anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 141 IS 11 BP 3691 EP 3709 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00203.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 240AB UT WOS:000326066000002 ER PT J AU Matrosov, SY AF Matrosov, Sergey Y. TI Characteristics of Landfalling Atmospheric Rivers Inferred from Satellite Observations over the Eastern North Pacific Ocean SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE North Pacific Ocean; Rainbands; Clouds; Radars; Radar observations; Remote sensing; Satellite observations ID CALIFORNIA; RADAR; RETRIEVALS; RAINFALL; COAST AB Narrow elongated regions of moisture transport known as atmospheric rivers (ARs), which affect the West Coast of North America, were simultaneously observed over the eastern North Pacific Ocean by the polar-orbiting CloudSat and Aqua satellites. The presence, location, and extent of precipitation regions associated with ARs and their properties were retrieved from measurements taken at 265 satellite crossings of AR formations during the three consecutive cool seasons of the 2006-09 period. Novel independent retrievals of AR mean rain rate, precipitation regime types, and precipitation ice region properties from satellite measurements were performed. Relations between widths of precipitation bands and AR thicknesses (as defined by the integrated water vapor threshold of 20 mm) were quantified. Precipitation regime partitioning indicated that cold precipitation with a significant amount of melting precipitating ice and warm rainfall conditions with limited or no ice in the atmospheric column were observed, on average, with similar frequencies, though the cold rainfall fraction had an increasing trend as AR temperature decreased. Rain rates were generally higher for the cold precipitation regime. Precipitating ice cloud and rainfall retrievals indicated a significant correlation between the total ice amounts and the resultant rain rate. Observationally based statistical relations were derived between the boundaries of AR precipitation regions and integrated water vapor amounts and between the total content of precipitating ice and rain rate. No statistically significant differences of AR properties were found for three different cool seasons, which were characterized by differing phases of El Nino-Southern Oscillation. C1 [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Matrosov, SY (reprint author), R PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sergey.matrosov@noaa.gov FU Calwater NOAA Hydrometeorological Testbed projects; NASA [NNX10AM35G] FX This study was funded in part by the Calwater NOAA Hydrometeorological Testbed projects and NASA grant NNX10AM35G. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 141 IS 11 BP 3757 EP 3768 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00324.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 240AB UT WOS:000326066000005 ER PT J AU Schreck, CJ Cordeira, JM Margolin, D AF Schreck, Carl J., III Cordeira, Jason M. Margolin, David TI Which MJO Events Affect North American Temperatures? SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Madden-Julian oscillation; Pacific-North American pattern; oscillation; Statistical forecasting; Intraseasonal variability ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CIRCULATION ANOMALIES; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; TROPICAL CONVECTION; PACIFIC; WINTER; WAVES; CLASSIFICATION; PRECIPITATION AB Tropical convection from the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) excites and amplifies extratropical Rossby waves around the globe. This forcing is reflected in teleconnection patterns like the Pacific-North American (PNA) pattern, and it can ultimately result in temperature anomalies over North America. Previous studies have not explored whether the extratropical response might vary from one MJO event to another. This study proposes a new index, the multivariate PNA (MVP), to identify variations in the extratropical waveguide over the North Pacific and North America that might affect the response to the MJO. The MVP is the first combined EOF of 20-100-day OLR, 850-hPa streamfunction, and 200-hPa streamfunction over the North Pacific and North America. The North American temperature patterns that follow each phase of the MJO change with the sign of the MVP. For example, real-time multivariate MJO (RMM) phase 5 usually leads to warm anomalies over eastern North America. This relationship was only found when the MVP was negative, and it was not associated with El Nino or La Nina. RMM phase 8, on the other hand, usually leads to cold anomalies. Those anomalies only occur if the MVP is positive, which happens somewhat more frequently during La Nina years. Composite analyses based on combinations of the MJO and the MVP show that variability in the Pacific jet and its associated wave breaking play a key role in determining whether and how the MJO affects North American temperatures. C1 [Schreck, Carl J., III] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites North Carolina, Asheville, NC USA. [Schreck, Carl J., III] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Cordeira, Jason M.] EarthRisk Technol, San Diego, CA USA. [Margolin, David] EarthRisk Technol, Chicago, IL USA. RP Schreck, CJ (reprint author), Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites NC, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM cjschrec@ncsu.edu RI Schreck, Carl/B-8711-2011 OI Schreck, Carl/0000-0001-9331-5754 FU NOAA/Climate Data Record (CDR) Program through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina (CICS-NC) FX This work benefited from discussions with Klaus Weickmann and Ed Berry. The OLR and reanalysis data were provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, from their website at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. The RMM index was obtained from Matt Wheeler of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (http://cawcr.gov.au/staff/mwheeler/maproom/RMM/). Schreck received support for this research from the NOAA/Climate Data Record (CDR) Program through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina (CICS-NC). NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 141 IS 11 BP 3840 EP 3850 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00118.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 240AB UT WOS:000326066000011 ER PT J AU Zhang, M Zupanski, M Kim, MJ Knaff, JA AF Zhang, Man Zupanski, Milija Kim, Min-Jeong Knaff, John A. TI Assimilating AMSU-A Radiances in the TC Core Area with NOAA Operational HWRF (2011) and a Hybrid Data Assimilation System: Danielle (2010) SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Clouds; Hurricanes; typhoons; Satellite observations; Data assimilation; Ensembles; Regional models ID SATELLITE DATA ASSIMILATION; LIKELIHOOD ENSEMBLE FILTER; DOPPLER RADAR DATA; HURRICANE INITIALIZATION; SCATTERING PROPERTIES; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; TROPICAL CYCLONES; KALMAN FILTER; PART I; ANDREW AB A regional hybrid variational-ensemble data assimilation system (HVEDAS), the maximum likelihood ensemble filter (MLEF), is applied to the 2011 version of the NOAA operational Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) model to evaluate the impact of direct assimilation of cloud-affected Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) radiances in tropical cyclone (TC) core areas. The forward components of both the gridpoint statistical interpolation (GSI) analysis system and the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) are utilized to process and simulate satellite radiances. The central strategies to allow the use of cloud-affected radiances are (i) to augment the control variables to include clouds and (ii) to add the model cloud representations in the observation forward models to simulate the microwave radiances. The cloudy AMSU-A radiance assimilation in Hurricane Danielle's (2010) core area has produced encouraging results with respect to the operational cloud-cleared radiance preprocessing procedures used in this study. Through the use of the HVEDAS, ensemble covariance statistics for a pseudo-AMSU-A observation in Danielle's core area show physically meaningful error covariances and statistical couplings with hydrometeor variables (i.e., the total-column condensate in Ferrier microphysics). The cloudy radiance assimilation in the TC core region (i.e., ASR experiment) consistently reduced the root-mean-square errors of the background departures, and also generally improved the forecasts of Danielle's intensity as well as the quantitative cloud analysis and prediction. It is also indicated that an entropy-based information content quantification process provides a useful metric for evaluating the utility of satellite observations in hybrid data assimilation. C1 [Zhang, Man; Zupanski, Milija; Kim, Min-Jeong] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Knaff, John A.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Zhang, M (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM man.zhang@noaa.gov RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; Zhang, Man/E-7021-2015 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; FU NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP); Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation program [NA10NES4400012]; National Science Foundation Collaboration in Mathematical Geosciences Grant [ATM-0930265] FX We wish to thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This work was supported by the NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP) and the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation program through Grant NA10NES4400012. This work was also partially supported by the National Science Foundation Collaboration in Mathematical Geosciences Grant ATM-0930265. The computing for this study was performed at NOAA/NCEP computing facilities, and Supercomputer for Satellite Simulations and Data Assimilation Studies (S4) system and services provided by SSEC and STAR. The views, opinion, and findings contained in this article are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 141 IS 11 BP 3889 EP 3907 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00340.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 240AB UT WOS:000326066000014 ER PT J AU Zhang, JA Rogers, RF Reasor, PD Uhlhorn, EW Marks, FD AF Zhang, Jun A. Rogers, Robert F. Reasor, Paul D. Uhlhorn, Eric W. Marks, Frank D., Jr. TI Asymmetric Hurricane Boundary Layer Structure from Dropsonde Composites in Relation to the Environmental Vertical Wind Shear SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Boundary layer; Hurricanes; typhoons; Tropical cyclones; Data processing; Dropsondes; Radars; Radar observations ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; SURFACE EXCHANGE COEFFICIENTS; INSTRUMENT WETTING ERRORS; PART II; DOPPLER RADAR; BONNIE 1998; RAPID INTENSIFICATION; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; GPS DROPWINDSONDE; INFLOW LAYER AB This study investigates the asymmetric structure of the hurricane boundary layer in relation to the environmental vertical wind shear in the inner core region. Data from 1878 GPS dropsondes deployed by research aircraft in 19 hurricanes are analyzed in a composite framework. Kinematic structure analyses based on Doppler radar data from 75 flights are compared with the dropsonde composites. Shear-relative quadrant-mean composite analyses show that both the kinematic and thermodynamic boundary layer height scales tend to decrease with decreasing radius, consistent with previous axisymmetric analyses. There is still a clear separation between the kinematic and thermodynamic boundary layer heights. Both the thermodynamic mixed layer and height of maximum tangential wind speed are within the inflow layer. The inflow layer depth is found to be deeper in quadrants downshear, with the downshear right (DR) quadrant being the deepest. The mixed layer depth and height of maximum tangential wind speed are alike at the eyewall, but are deeper outside in quadrants left of the shear. The results also suggest that air parcels acquire equivalent potential temperature (e) from surface fluxes as they rotate through the upshear right (UR) quadrant from the upshear left (UL) quadrant. Convection is triggered in the DR quadrant in the presence of asymmetric mesoscale lifting coincident with a maximum in (e). Energy is then released by latent heating in the downshear left (DL) quadrant. Convective downdrafts bring down cool and dry air to the surface and lower (e) again in the DL and UL quadrants. This cycling process may be directly tied to shear-induced asymmetry of convection in hurricanes. C1 [Zhang, Jun A.; Rogers, Robert F.; Reasor, Paul D.; Uhlhorn, Eric W.; Marks, Frank D., Jr.] NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. [Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Zhang, JA (reprint author), Univ Miami, NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div,CIMAS, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jun.zhang@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012; Uhlhorn, Eric/B-1336-2014; Reasor, Paul/B-2932-2014; Rogers, Robert/I-4428-2013; Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011 OI Uhlhorn, Eric/0000-0002-4759-5342; Reasor, Paul/0000-0001-6407-017X; Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514 FU NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP) [NA12NWS4680004] FX This work was supported by the NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP) with Award NA12NWS4680004. We gratefully acknowledge all the HRD scientists and crews from AOC who were involved in the Hurricane Research Division's field program collecting the data. We appreciate the efforts of all the scientists and researchers who helped collecting the dropsonde data during HRD's field campaigns. Without their efforts, this work would not have been possible. In particular, we are grateful to Kathryn Sellwood, Sim Aberson, and Neal Dorst for making all the raw dropsonde data available. We thank John Kaplan for providing the shear data from the SHIPS model. We also thank Joe Cione for helpful discussions. Jun Zhang is grateful to John Molinari for his constructive suggestions that improve the interpretation of the results. We also thank the reviewers for their comments that helped improve our paper. NR 78 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 141 IS 11 BP 3968 EP 3984 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00335.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 240AB UT WOS:000326066000018 ER PT J AU Wang, XG Parrish, D Kleist, D Whitaker, J AF Wang, Xuguang Parrish, David Kleist, Daryl Whitaker, Jeffrey TI GSI 3DVar-Based Ensemble-Variational Hybrid Data Assimilation for NCEP Global Forecast System: Single-Resolution Experiments SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Kalman filters; Variational analysis; Data assimilation ID KALMAN FILTER; ANALYSIS SCHEMES; REAL OBSERVATIONS; MODEL; ERROR; LOCALIZATION; COVARIANCES; BALANCE; 4D-VAR; NWP AB An ensemble Kalman filter-variational hybrid data assimilation system based on the gridpoint statistical interpolation (GSI) three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVar) system was developed. The performance of the system was investigated using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System model. Experiments covered a 6-week Northern Hemisphere winter period. Both the control and ensemble forecasts were run at the same, reduced resolution. Operational conventional and satellite observations along with an 80-member ensemble were used. Various configurations of the system including one- or two-way couplings, with zero or nonzero weights on the static covariance, were intercompared and compared with the GSI 3DVar system. It was found that the hybrid system produced more skillful forecasts than the GSI 3DVar system. The inclusion of a static component in the background-error covariance and recentering the analysis ensemble around the variational analysis did not improve the forecast skill beyond the one-way coupled system with zero weights on the static covariance. The one-way coupled system with zero static covariances produced more skillful wind forecasts averaged over the globe than the EnKF at the 1-5-day lead times and more skillful temperature forecasts than the EnKF at the 5-day lead time. Sensitivity tests indicated that the difference may be due to the use of the tangent linear normal mode constraint in the variational system. For the first outer loop, the hybrid system showed a slightly slower (faster) convergence rate at early (later) iterations than the GSI 3DVar system. For the second outer loop, the hybrid system showed a faster convergence. C1 [Wang, Xuguang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Wang, Xuguang] Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK USA. [Parrish, David; Kleist, Daryl] Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Whitaker, Jeffrey] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wang, XG (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM xuguang.wang@ou.edu RI Wang, Xuguang/C-5458-2013; Kleist, Daryl /C-7771-2016 FU NOAA THOPREX [NA08OAR4320904]; NASA NIP [NNX10AQ78G]; NOAA HFIP [NA12NWS4680012] FX The study was supported by NOAA THOPREX Grant NA08OAR4320904, NASA NIP Grant NNX10AQ78G and NOAA HFIP Grant NA12NWS4680012. Ting Lei is acknowledged for his assistances on plots. The authors thank our many collaborators at EMC, in particular, John Derber, Russ Treadon, Bill Lapenta, and Steve Lord, and discussion with Tom Hamill. NR 43 TC 70 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 141 IS 11 BP 4098 EP 4117 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00141.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 240AB UT WOS:000326066000025 ER PT J AU Zhu, KF Pan, YJ Xue, M Wang, XG Whitaker, JS Benjamin, SG Weygandt, SS Hu, M AF Zhu, Kefeng Pan, Yujie Xue, Ming Wang, Xuguang Whitaker, Jeffrey S. Benjamin, Stanley G. Weygandt, Stephen S. Hu, Ming TI A Regional GSI-Based Ensemble Kalman Filter Data Assimilation System for the Rapid Refresh Configuration: Testing at Reduced Resolution SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Ensembles; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting; Data assimilation ID SCALE DATA ASSIMILATION; MULTICASE COMPARATIVE-ASSESSMENT; PART II; VARIATIONAL ASSIMILATION; ERROR COVARIANCES; PREDICTION SYSTEM; RECURSIVE FILTERS; ANALYSIS SCHEMES; DIGITAL-FILTER; HIRLAM MODEL AB A regional ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) system is established for potential Rapid Refresh (RAP) operational application. The system borrows data processing and observation operators from the gridpoint statistical interpolation (GSI), and precalculates observation priors using the GSI. The ensemble square root Kalman filter (EnSRF) algorithm is used, which updates both the state vector and observation priors. All conventional observations that are used in the operational RAP GSI are assimilated. To minimize computational costs, the EnKF is run at 1/3 of the operational RAP resolution or about 40-km grid spacing, and its performance is compared to the GSI using the same datasets and resolution. Short-range (up to 18 h, the RAP forecast length) forecasts are verified against soundings, surface observations, and precipitation data. Experiments are run with 3-hourly assimilation cycles over a 9-day convectively active retrospective period from spring 2010. The EnKF performance was improved by extensive tuning, including the use of height-dependent covariance localization scales and adaptive covariance inflation. When multiple physics parameterization schemes are employed by the EnKF, forecast errors are further reduced, especially for relative humidity and temperature at the upper levels and for surface variables. The best EnKF configuration produces lower forecast errors than the parallel GSI run. Gilbert skill scores of precipitation forecasts on the 13-km RAP grid initialized from the 3-hourly EnKF analyses are consistently better than those from GSI analyses. C1 [Zhu, Kefeng; Pan, Yujie; Xue, Ming; Wang, Xuguang] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Pan, Yujie] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Xue, Ming; Wang, Xuguang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Whitaker, Jeffrey S.; Benjamin, Stanley G.; Weygandt, Stephen S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Hu, Ming] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hu, Ming] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Xue, M (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM mxue@ou.edu RI Wang, Xuguang/C-5458-2013; Hu, Ming/E-7141-2015; Weygandt, Stephen/E-7497-2015; Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011; Benjamin, Stan/C-5818-2015 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238; Benjamin, Stan/0000-0002-5751-8236 FU FAA Aviation Weather Research Program [DOC-NOAA NA080AR4320904]; MOST of China [2013CB430100]; NSF [AGS-0802888, OCI-0905040, AGS-0941491, AGS-1046171, AGS-1046081]; NOAA Warn-on-Forecast program; NOAA THOPREX [NA08OAR4320904]; NASA NIP [NNX10AQ78G] FX This work was primarily supported by the FAA Aviation Weather Research Program through Grant DOC-NOAA NA080AR4320904, and by MOST of China Grant 2013CB430100. Additional support was provided by NSF Grants AGS-0802888, OCI-0905040, AGS-0941491, AGS-1046171, and AGS-1046081, and by the NOAA Warn-on-Forecast program. The fourth author is also supported by NOAA THOPREX NA08OAR4320904 and NASA NIP NNX10AQ78G. NR 64 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 141 IS 11 BP 4118 EP 4139 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00039.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 240AB UT WOS:000326066000026 ER PT J AU Hong, SY Koo, MS Jang, J Kim, JEE Park, H Joh, MS Kang, JH Oh, TJ AF Hong, Song-You Koo, Myung-Seo Jang, Jihyeon Kim, Jung-Eun Esther Park, Hoon Joh, Min-Su Kang, Ji-Hoon Oh, Tae-Jin TI An Evaluation of the Software System Dependency of a Global Atmospheric Model SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Climate models; Numerical analysis; modeling; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting ID ROUNDING ERRORS; PRECIPITATION AB This study presents the dependency of the simulation results from a global atmospheric numerical model on machines with different hardware and software systems. The global model program (GMP) of the Global/Regional Integrated Model system (GRIMs) is tested on 10 different computer systems having different central processing unit (CPU) architectures or compilers. There exist differences in the results for different compilers, parallel libraries, and optimization levels, primarily a result of the treatment of rounding errors by the different software systems. The system dependency, which is the standard deviation of the 500-hPa geopotential height averaged over the globe, increases with time. However, its fractional tendency, which is the change of the standard deviation relative to the value itself, remains nearly zero with time. In a seasonal prediction framework, the ensemble spread due to the differences in software system is comparable to the ensemble spread due to the differences in initial conditions that is used for the traditional ensemble forecasting. C1 [Hong, Song-You; Koo, Myung-Seo; Jang, Jihyeon; Park, Hoon] Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Kim, Jung-Eun Esther] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kim, Jung-Eun Esther] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Park, Hoon] Korea Meteorol Adm, Numer Weather Predict Ctr, Seoul, South Korea. [Joh, Min-Su; Kang, Ji-Hoon] Korea Inst Sci & Technol Informat, Supercomp Ctr, Taejon, South Korea. [Oh, Tae-Jin] Korea Inst Atmospher Predict Syst, Seoul, South Korea. RP Hong, SY (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM songyouhong@gmail.com RI Hong, Song-You/I-3824-2012 FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2013-0004008]; Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [CATER 2012-3084]; KISTI supercomputing center [KSC-2012-G3-07] FX This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2013-0004008), and by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant CATER 2012-3084. The authors would like to acknowledge the support from KISTI supercomputing center through the strategic support program for the supercomputing application research (KSC-2012-G3-07). NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 141 IS 11 BP 4165 EP 4172 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00352.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 240AB UT WOS:000326066000029 ER PT J AU Arimondo, E Ye, J AF Arimondo, Ennio Ye, Jun TI ULTRACOLD ATOMS An exotic quantum object SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT News Item ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; NOBEL LECTURE AB When a single atom in a condensate is excited to its Rydberg state, its electron orbit encloses the entire condensate. Such a peculiar quantum system could find practical and fundamental applications in atomic physics and quantum information science. C1 [Arimondo, Ennio] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ye, Jun] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Arimondo, E (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. EM arimondo@df.unipi.it; ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 22 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 9 IS 11 BP 694 EP 695 DI 10.1038/nphys2791 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 248GM UT WOS:000326685000006 ER PT J AU Plumb, NC Reber, TJ Iwasawa, H Cao, Y Arita, M Shimada, K Namatame, H Taniguchi, M Yoshida, Y Eisaki, H Aiura, Y Dessau, DS AF Plumb, N. C. Reber, T. J. Iwasawa, H. Cao, Y. Arita, M. Shimada, K. Namatame, H. Taniguchi, M. Yoshida, Y. Eisaki, H. Aiura, Y. Dessau, D. S. TI Large momentum-dependence of the main dispersion 'kink' in the high-T-c superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ELECTRON-PHONON INTERACTION; MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; STRENGTH; MODE AB Ultrahigh resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with low-energy photons is used to study the detailed momentum dependence of the well-known nodal 'kink' dispersion anomaly of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta . We find that the kink's location transitions smoothly from a maximum binding energy of about 65 meV at the node of the d-wave superconducting gap to 55 meV roughly one-third of the way to the antinode. Meanwhile, the self-energy spectrum corresponding to the kink dramatically sharpens and intensifies beyond a critical point in momentum space. We discuss the possible bosonic spectrum in energy and momentum space that can couple to the k-space dispersion of the electronic kinks. C1 [Plumb, N. C.; Reber, T. J.; Cao, Y.; Dessau, D. S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Iwasawa, H.; Arita, M.; Shimada, K.; Namatame, H.; Taniguchi, M.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiat Ctr, Higashihiroshima 7390046, Japan. [Yoshida, Y.; Eisaki, H.; Aiura, Y.] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. [Dessau, D. S.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dessau, D. S.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dessau, DS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM nicholas.plumb@psi.ch; daniel.dessau@colorado.edu RI Plumb, Nicholas/B-8059-2013; Shimada, Kenya/G-5080-2016; OI Plumb, Nicholas/0000-0002-2334-8494; Shimada, Kenya/0000-0002-1945-2352; Cao, Yue/0000-0002-3989-158X FU DOE [DE-FG02-03ER46066] FX Funding was provided by the DOE under project number DE-FG02-03ER46066. Experiments were conducted at BL-9A of the Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center and BL5-4 of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL). SSRL is operated by the DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. We thank D Reznik, T P Devereaux and S Johnston for valuable conversations. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 33 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 15 AR 113004 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/15/11/113004 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 244GW UT WOS:000326376600004 ER PT J AU Rice, A Phillips, PJ Natu, V An, XB O'Toole, AJ AF Rice, Allyson Phillips, P. Jonathon Natu, Vaidehi An, Xiaobo O'Toole, Alice J. TI Unaware Person Recognition From the Body When Face Identification Fails SO PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE face perception; visual perception ID BODILY EXPRESSIONS; SCENES; PERCEPTION; KNOWLEDGE AB How does one recognize a person when face identification fails? Here, we show that people rely on the body but are unaware of doing so. State-of-the-art face-recognition algorithms were used to select images of people with almost no useful identity information in the face. Recognition of the face alone in these cases was near chance level, but recognition of the person was accurate. Accuracy in identifying the person without the face was identical to that in identifying the whole person. Paradoxically, people reported relying heavily on facial features over noninternal face and body features in making their identity decisions. Eye movements indicated otherwise, with gaze duration and fixations shifting adaptively toward the body and away from the face when the body was a better indicator of identity than the face. This shift occurred with no cost to accuracy or response time. Human identity processing may be partially inaccessible to conscious awareness. C1 [Rice, Allyson; Natu, Vaidehi; An, Xiaobo; O'Toole, Alice J.] Univ Texas Dallas, Sch Behav & Brain Sci, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Phillips, P. Jonathon] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP O'Toole, AJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Sch Behav & Brain Sci, GR4-1, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. EM otoole@utdallas.edu NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 16 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0956-7976 EI 1467-9280 J9 PSYCHOL SCI JI Psychol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 24 IS 11 BP 2235 EP 2243 DI 10.1177/0956797613492986 PG 9 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 248CQ UT WOS:000326671700012 PM 24068115 ER PT J AU Willis, DM Coffey, HE Henwood, R Erwin, EH Hoyt, DV Wild, MN Denig, WF AF Willis, D. M. Coffey, H. E. Henwood, R. Erwin, E. H. Hoyt, D. V. Wild, M. N. Denig, W. F. TI The Greenwich Photo-heliographic Results (1874-1976): Summary of the Observations, Applications, Datasets, Definitions and Errors SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Greenwich photo-heliographic results; Positions and areas of sunspots and faculae; Solar observations; Printed publications; Digital datasets; Scientific applications; Identifiable errors; Correcting the datasets ID SOLAR-ACTIVITY INDEXES; SUNSPOT GROUPS; ACTIVE LONGITUDES; ACTIVITY CYCLES; MOUNT WILSON; ROTATION; SUN; MOTION; POSITIONS; PERIOD AB The measurements of sunspot positions and areas that were published initially by the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, and subsequently by the Royal Greenwich Observatory (RGO), as the Greenwich Photo-heliographic Results (GPR), 1874 - 1976, exist in both printed and digital forms. These printed and digital sunspot datasets have been archived in various libraries and data centres. Unfortunately, however, typographic, systematic and isolated errors can be found in the various datasets. The purpose of the present paper is to begin the task of identifying and correcting these errors. In particular, the intention is to provide in one foundational paper all the necessary background information on the original solar observations, their various applications in scientific research, the format of the different digital datasets, the necessary definitions of the quantities measured, and the initial identification of errors in both the printed publications and the digital datasets. Two companion papers address the question of specific identifiable errors; namely, typographic errors in the printed publications, and both isolated and systematic errors in the digital datasets. The existence of two independently prepared digital datasets, which both contain information on sunspot positions and areas, makes it possible to outline a preliminary strategy for the development of an even more accurate digital dataset. Further work is in progress to generate an extremely reliable sunspot digital dataset, based on the programme of solar observations supported for more than a century by the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, and the Royal Greenwich Observatory. This improved dataset should be of value in many future scientific investigations. C1 [Willis, D. M.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Phys Div, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Willis, D. M.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Ctr Fus Space & Astrophys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Coffey, H. E.; Erwin, E. H.; Denig, W. F.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Henwood, R.; Wild, M. N.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, UK Solar Syst Data Ctr, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Willis, DM (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Phys Div, Harwell Sci & Innovat Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM david.willis@stfc.ac.uk; hcoffeycolorado@gmail.com; rjhenwood@yahoo.co.uk; erwin_ed@hotmail.com; dhoytwv@gmail.com; matthew.wild@stfc.ac.uk; william.denig@noaa.gov OI Wild, Matthew/0000-0002-4028-2300 NR 73 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 288 IS 1 BP 117 EP 139 DI 10.1007/s11207-013-0311-y PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 242LK UT WOS:000326243200008 ER PT J AU Willis, DM Henwood, R Wild, MN Coffey, HE Denig, WF Erwin, EH Hoyt, DV AF Willis, D. M. Henwood, R. Wild, M. N. Coffey, H. E. Denig, W. F. Erwin, E. H. Hoyt, D. V. TI The Greenwich Photo-heliographic Results (1874-1976): Procedures for Checking and Correcting the Sunspot Digital Datasets SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Greenwich photo-heliographic results; Positions and areas of sunspots and faculae; Reconstructed solar images; Isolated and systematic errors; Mathematical equations; Solar ephemerides; Preliminary corrections; Generalised checking procedures AB Attention is drawn to the existence of errors in the original digital dataset containing sunspot data extracted from certain sections of the printed Greenwich Photo-heliographic Results (GPR) 1874 - 1976. Calculating the polar coordinates from the heliographic coordinates and comparing them with the recorded polar coordinates reveals that there are both isolated and systematic errors in the original sunspot digital dataset, particularly during the early years (1874 - 1914). It should be noted that most of these errors are present in the compiled sunspot digital dataset and not in the original printed copies of the Greenwich Photo-heliographic Results. Surprisingly, many of the errors in the digitised positions of sunspot groups are apparently in the measured polar coordinates, not the derived heliographic coordinates. The mathematical equations that are used to convert between heliographic and polar coordinate systems are formulated and then used to calculate revised (digitised) polar coordinates for sunspot groups, on the assumption that the heliographic coordinates of every sunspot group are correct. The additional complication of requiring accurate solar ephemerides in order to solve the mathematical equations is discussed in detail. It is shown that the isolated and systematic errors, which are prevalent in the sunspot digital dataset during the early years, disappear if revised polar coordinates are used instead. A comprehensive procedure for checking the original sunspot digital dataset is formulated in an Appendix. C1 [Willis, D. M.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Phys Div, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Willis, D. M.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Ctr Fus Space & Astrophys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Henwood, R.; Wild, M. N.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, UK Solar Syst Data Ctr, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Coffey, H. E.; Denig, W. F.; Erwin, E. H.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Willis, DM (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Phys Div, Harwell Sci & Innovat Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM david.willis@stfc.ac.uk; rjhenwood@yahoo.co.uk; matthew.wild@stfc.ac.uk; hcoffeycolorado@gmail.com; william.denig@noaa.gov; erwin_ed@hotmail.com; dhoytwv@gmail.com OI Wild, Matthew/0000-0002-4028-2300 NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 288 IS 1 BP 141 EP 156 DI 10.1007/s11207-013-0312-x PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 242LK UT WOS:000326243200009 ER PT J AU Erwin, EH Coffey, HE Denig, WF Willis, DM Henwood, R Wild, MN AF Erwin, E. H. Coffey, H. E. Denig, W. F. Willis, D. M. Henwood, R. Wild, M. N. TI The Greenwich Photo-heliographic Results (1874-1976): Initial Corrections to the Printed Publications SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Greenwich photo-heliographic results; Positions and areas of sunspots and faculae; New digital dataset; Quality control procedures; Printed publications; Typographic errors; Initial corrections ID ROTATION VELOCITIES; DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION; MERIDIONAL MOTIONS; SUNSPOTS; POSITIONS AB A new sunspot and faculae digital dataset for the interval 1874 - 1955 has been prepared under the auspices of the NOAA National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC). This digital dataset contains measurements of the positions and areas of both sunspots and faculae published initially by the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, and subsequently by the Royal Greenwich Observatory (RGO), under the title Greenwich Photo-heliographic Results (GPR), 1874 - 1976. Quality control (QC) procedures based on logical consistency have been used to identify the more obvious errors in the RGO publications. Typical examples of identifiable errors are North versus South errors in specifying heliographic latitude, errors in specifying heliographic (Carrington) longitude, errors in the dates and times, errors in sunspot group numbers, arithmetic errors in the summation process, and the occasional omission of solar ephemerides. Although the number of errors in the RGO publications is remarkably small, an initial table of necessary corrections is provided for the interval 1874 - 1917. Moreover, as noted in the preceding companion papers, the existence of two independently prepared digital datasets, which both contain information on sunspot positions and areas, makes it possible to outline a preliminary strategy for the development of an even more accurate digital dataset. Further work is in progress to generate an extremely reliable sunspot digital dataset, based on the long programme of solar observations supported first by the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, and then by the Royal Greenwich Observatory. C1 [Erwin, E. H.; Coffey, H. E.; Denig, W. F.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Willis, D. M.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Phys Div, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Willis, D. M.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Ctr Fus Space & Astrophys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Henwood, R.; Wild, M. N.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, UK Solar Syst Data Ctr, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Willis, DM (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Phys Div, Harwell Sci & Innovat Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM erwin_ed@hotmail.com; hcoffeycolorado@gmail.com; william.denig@noaa.gov; david.willis@stfc.ac.uk; rjhenwood@yahoo.co.uk; matthew.wild@stfc.ac.uk OI Wild, Matthew/0000-0002-4028-2300 NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 288 IS 1 BP 157 EP 170 DI 10.1007/s11207-013-0310-z PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 242LK UT WOS:000326243200010 ER PT J AU Spence, HE Reeves, GD Baker, DN Blake, JB Bolton, M Bourdarie, S Chan, AA Claudepierre, SG Clemmons, JH Cravens, JP Elkington, SR Fennell, JF Friedel, RHW Funsten, HO Goldstein, J Green, JC Guthrie, A Henderson, MG Horne, RB Hudson, MK Jahn, JM Jordanova, VK Kanekal, SG Klatt, BW Larsen, BA Li, X MacDonald, EA Mann, IR Niehof, J O'Brien, TP Onsager, TG Salvaggio, D Skoug, RM Smith, SS Suther, LL Thomsen, MF Thorne, RM AF Spence, H. E. Reeves, G. D. Baker, D. N. Blake, J. B. Bolton, M. Bourdarie, S. Chan, A. A. Claudepierre, S. G. Clemmons, J. H. Cravens, J. P. Elkington, S. R. Fennell, J. F. Friedel, R. H. W. Funsten, H. O. Goldstein, J. Green, J. C. Guthrie, A. Henderson, M. G. Horne, R. B. Hudson, M. K. Jahn, J. -M. Jordanova, V. K. Kanekal, S. G. Klatt, B. W. Larsen, B. A. Li, X. MacDonald, E. A. Mann, I. R. Niehof, J. O'Brien, T. P. Onsager, T. G. Salvaggio, D. Skoug, R. M. Smith, S. S. Suther, L. L. Thomsen, M. F. Thorne, R. M. TI Science Goals and Overview of the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) Energetic Particle, Composition, and Thermal Plasma (ECT) Suite on NASA's Van Allen Probes Mission SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Radiation belts; Particle senors; Radiation detection; Space weather; Van Allen Probes ID INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; ACCELERATION; VARIABILITY; CONSISTENT; ELECTRONS; DYNAMICS; SAMPEX; DECAY AB The Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP)-Energetic Particle, Composition, and Thermal Plasma (ECT) suite contains an innovative complement of particle instruments to ensure the highest quality measurements ever made in the inner magnetosphere and radiation belts. The coordinated RBSP-ECT particle measurements, analyzed in combination with fields and waves observations and state-of-the-art theory and modeling, are necessary for understanding the acceleration, global distribution, and variability of radiation belt electrons and ions, key science objectives of NASA's Living With a Star program and the Van Allen Probes mission. The RBSP-ECT suite consists of three highly-coordinated instruments: the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS), the Helium Oxygen Proton Electron (HOPE) sensor, and the Relativistic Electron Proton Telescope (REPT). Collectively they cover, continuously, the full electron and ion spectra from one eV to 10's of MeV with sufficient energy resolution, pitch angle coverage and resolution, and with composition measurements in the critical energy range up to 50 keV and also from a few to 50 MeV/nucleon. All three instruments are based on measurement techniques proven in the radiation belts. The instruments use those proven techniques along with innovative new designs, optimized for operation in the most extreme conditions in order to provide unambiguous separation of ions and electrons and clean energy responses even in the presence of extreme penetrating background environments. The design, fabrication and operation of ECT spaceflight instrumentation in the harsh radiation belt environment ensure that particle measurements have the fidelity needed for closure in answering key mission science questions. ECT instrument details are provided in companion papers in this same issue. In this paper, we describe the science objectives of the RBSP-ECT instrument suite on the Van Allen Probe spacecraft within the context of the overall mission objectives, indicate how the characteristics of the instruments satisfy the requirements to achieve these objectives, provide information about science data collection and dissemination, and conclude with a description of some early mission results. C1 [Spence, H. E.; Smith, S. S.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Reeves, G. D.; Friedel, R. H. W.; Funsten, H. O.; Guthrie, A.; Henderson, M. G.; Jordanova, V. K.; Larsen, B. A.; MacDonald, E. A.; Niehof, J.; Skoug, R. M.; Thomsen, M. F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Baker, D. N.; Bolton, M.; Elkington, S. R.; Li, X.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Blake, J. B.; Claudepierre, S. G.; Clemmons, J. H.; Fennell, J. F.; O'Brien, T. P.; Salvaggio, D.] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA USA. [Chan, A. A.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Cravens, J. P.] JPC LLC, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Goldstein, J.; Jahn, J. -M.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Green, J. C.; Onsager, T. G.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Horne, R. B.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Hudson, M. K.] Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Kanekal, S. G.] NASA Goddard, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Klatt, B. W.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Mann, I. R.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada. [Bourdarie, S.] ONERA CERT, Toulouse 04, France. [Suther, L. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Thorne, R. M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Klatt, B. W.] Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Spence, HE (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM Harlan.Spence@unh.edu RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012; Funsten, Herbert/A-5702-2015; Larsen, Brian/A-7822-2011; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; Henderson, Michael/A-3948-2011; OI Jordanova, Vania/0000-0003-0475-8743; Spence, Harlan/0000-0002-2526-2205; Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281; Funsten, Herbert/0000-0002-6817-1039; Larsen, Brian/0000-0003-4515-0208; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Henderson, Michael/0000-0003-4975-9029; Horne, Richard/0000-0002-0412-6407; Clemmons, James/0000-0002-5298-5222 FU RBSP-ECT; JHU/APL under NASA's Prime Contract [967399, NAS5-01072] FX We gratefully acknowledge the Van Allen Probes mission team at the Johns Hopkins University (JHU)/Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) and the Project Science team at JHU/APL, NASA GSFC, and NASA HQ for their invaluable support during the design, development, testing, and early operations of the mission. This work was supported by RBSP-ECT funding provided by JHU/APL Contract No. 967399 under NASA's Prime Contract No. NAS5-01072. NR 49 TC 124 Z9 125 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 179 IS 1-4 BP 311 EP 336 DI 10.1007/s11214-013-0007-5 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 244IM UT WOS:000326381300009 ER PT J AU Hooten, MB Hanks, EM Johnson, DS Alldredge, MW AF Hooten, Mevin B. Hanks, Ephraim M. Johnson, Devin S. Alldredge, Mat W. TI Reconciling resource utilization and resource selection functions SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE kernel density estimation; space use; spatial statistics; utilization distribution ID MODELS; DISTRIBUTIONS; ABSENCE AB 1. Analyses based on utilization distributions (UDs) have been ubiquitous in animal space use studies, largely because they are computationally straightforward and relatively easy to employ. Conventional applications of resource utilization functions (RUFs) suggest that estimates of UDs can be used as response variables in a regression involving spatial covariates of interest. It has been claimed that contemporary implementations of RUFs can yield inference about resource selection, although to our knowledge, an explicit connection has not been described. We explore the relationships between RUFs and resource selection functions from a hueristic and simulation perspective. We investigate several sources of potential bias in the estimation of resource selection coefficients using RUFs (e.g. the spatial covariance modelling that is often used in RUF analyses). Our findings illustrate that RUFs can, in fact, serve as approximations to RSFs and are capable of providing inference about resource selection, but only with some modification and under specific circumstances. Using real telemetry data as an example, we provide guidance on which methods for estimating resource selection may be more appropriate and in which situations. In general, if telemetry data are assumed to arise as a point process, then RSF methods may be preferable to RUFs; however, modified RUFs may provide less biased parameter estimates when the data are subject to location error. C1 [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol & Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hanks, Ephraim M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Johnson, Devin S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Alldredge, Mat W.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Hooten, MB (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol & Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Mevin.Hooten@colostate.edu FU Colorado Parks and Wildlife [1201] FX Funding for this project was provided by Colorado Parks and Wildlife (#1201). The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 67 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 82 IS 6 BP 1146 EP 1154 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.12080 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 239PC UT WOS:000326036800005 PM 23574332 ER PT J AU Johnson, DS Hooten, MB Kuhn, CE AF Johnson, Devin S. Hooten, Mevin B. Kuhn, Carey E. TI Estimating animal resource selection from telemetry data using point process models SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE animal telemetry; point process; resource selection; space-time; weighted distribution ID SEAL CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; HABITAT SELECTION; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; MOVEMENT; PREFERENCE AB 1. Analyses of animal resource selection functions (RSF) using data collected from relocations of individuals via remote telemetry devices have become commonplace. Increasing technological advances, however, have produced statistical challenges in analysing such highly autocorrelated data. Weighted distribution methods have been proposed for analysing RSFs with telemetry data. However, they can be computationally challenging due to an intractable normalizing constant and cannot be aggregated (i.e. collapsed) over time to make space-only inference. In this study, we take a conceptually different approach to modelling animal telemetry data for making RSF inference. We consider the telemetry data to be a realization of a space-time point process. Under the point process paradigm, the times of the relocations are also considered to be random rather than fixed. We show the point process models we propose are a generalization of the weighted distribution telemetry models. By generalizing the weighted model, we can access several numerical techniques for evaluating point process likelihoods that make use of common statistical software. Thus, the analysis methods can be readily implemented by animal ecologists. In addition to ease of computation, the point process models can be aggregated over time by marginalizing over the temporal component of the model. This allows a full range of models to be constructed for RSF analysis at the individual movement level up to the study area level. To demonstrate the analysis of telemetry data with the point process approach, we analysed a data set of telemetry locations from northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) in the Pribilof Islands, Alaska. Both a space-time and an aggregated space-only model were fitted. At the individual level, the space-time analysis showed little selection relative to the habitat covariates. However, at the study area level, the space-only model showed strong selection relative to the covariates. C1 [Johnson, Devin S.; Kuhn, Carey E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Johnson, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM devin.johnson@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 82 IS 6 BP 1155 EP 1164 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.12087 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 239PC UT WOS:000326036800006 PM 23800202 ER PT J AU Knutson, TR Zeng, FR Wittenberg, AT AF Knutson, Thomas R. Zeng, Fanrong Wittenberg, Andrew T. TI Multimodel Assessment of Regional Surface Temperature Trends: CMIP3 and CMIP5 Twentieth-Century Simulations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Anthropogenic effects; Climate change; Climate variability ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; FINGERPRINT METHOD; MODEL ASSESSMENT; VARIABILITY; PATTERN AB Regional surface temperature trends from phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) and CMIP5 twentieth-century runs are compared with observationsat spatial scales ranging from global averages to individual grid pointsusing simulated intrinsic climate variability from preindustrial control runs to assess whether observed trends are detectable and/or consistent with the models' historical run trends. The CMIP5 models are also used to detect anthropogenic components of the observed trends, by assessing alternative hypotheses based on scenarios driven with either anthropogenic plus natural forcings combined, or with natural forcings only. Modeled variability is assessed via inspection of control run time series, standard deviation maps, spectral analyses, and low-frequency variance consistency tests. The models are found to provide plausible representations of internal climate variability, although there is room for improvement. The influence of observational uncertainty on the trends is assessed and is found to be generally small in comparison with intrinsic climate variability. Observed temperature trends over 1901-2010 are found to contain detectable anthropogenic warming components over a large fraction (about 80%) of the analyzed global area. In about 70% of the analyzed area, the modeled warming is consistent with the observed trends; in about 10% it is significantly greater than simulated. Regions without detectable warming include the high-latitude North Atlantic Ocean, the eastern United States, and parts of the eastern and northern Pacific Ocean. For 1981-2010, the observed warming trends over only about 30% of the globe are found to contain a detectable anthropogenic warming: this includes a number of regions within about 40 degrees-45 degrees of the equator, particularly in the Indian Ocean, western Pacific, South Asia, and tropical Atlantic. C1 [Knutson, Thomas R.; Zeng, Fanrong; Wittenberg, Andrew T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Knutson, TR (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM tom.knutson@noaa.gov RI Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013 OI Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963 NR 29 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 26 IS 22 BP 8709 EP 8743 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00567.1 PG 35 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 242DB UT WOS:000326216500001 ER PT J AU Medvigy, D Walko, RL Otte, MJ Avissar, R AF Medvigy, David Walko, Robert L. Otte, Martin J. Avissar, Roni TI Simulated Changes in Northwest US Climate in Response to Amazon Deforestation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE North America; Atmosphere-land interaction; Teleconnections; Mesoscale models; Deforestation ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATION; TROPICAL DEFORESTATION; EL-NINO; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SIERRA-NEVADA; LAND-COVER; PART II AB Numerical models have long predicted that the deforestation of the Amazon would lead to large regional changes in precipitation and temperature, but the extratropical effects of deforestation have been a matter of controversy. This paper investigates the simulated impacts of deforestation on the northwest United States December-February climate. Integrations are carried out using the Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Model (OLAM), here run as a variable-resolution atmospheric GCM, configured with three alternative horizontal grid meshes: 1) 25-km characteristic length scale (CLS) over the United States, 50-km CLS over the Andes and Amazon, and 200-km CLS in the far-field; 2) 50-km CLS over the United States, 50-km CLS over the Andes and Amazon, and 200-km CLS in the far-field; and 3) 200-km CLS globally. In the high-resolution simulations, deforestation causes a redistribution of precipitation within the Amazon, accompanied by vorticity and thermal anomalies. These anomalies set up Rossby waves that propagate into the extratropics and impact western North America. Ultimately, Amazon deforestation results in 10%-20% precipitation reductions for the coastal northwest United States and the Sierra Nevada. Snowpack in the Sierra Nevada experiences declines of up to 50%. However, in the coarse-resolution simulations, this mechanism is not resolved and precipitation is not reduced in the northwest United States. These results highlight the need for adequate model resolution in modeling the impacts of Amazon deforestation. It is concluded that the deforestation of the Amazon can act as a driver of regional climate change in the extratropics, including areas of the western United States that are agriculturally important. C1 [Medvigy, David] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Medvigy, David] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Walko, Robert L.; Avissar, Roni] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Otte, Martin J.] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Medvigy, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, 418B Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM dmedvigy@princeton.edu FU National Science Foundation [1151102, 0902197] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from National Science Foundation Awards 1151102 (to D. M.) and 0902197 (to R. A. and R. L. W.). NCEP reanalysis 2 data were provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, United States (from their website at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/). The simulations presented in this article were performed on computational resources supported by the PICSciE-OIT High Performance Computing Center and Visualization Laboratory at Princeton University. We are also grateful to the editor and to four anonymous reviewers whose criticisms have greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. Disclaimer: Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official agency policy. Mention of commercial products does not constitute endorsement by the agency. NR 80 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 8 U2 62 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 26 IS 22 BP 9115 EP 9136 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00775.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 242DB UT WOS:000326216500024 ER PT J AU Jucker, M Fueglistaler, S Vallis, GK AF Jucker, M. Fueglistaler, S. Vallis, G. K. TI Maintenance of the Stratospheric Structure in an Idealized General Circulation Model SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Dynamics; Orographic effects; Stratospheric circulation; Waves; atmospheric; Primitive equations model; Tropical variability ID TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE TEMPERATURES; BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; ANNUAL CYCLE; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; TROPOSPHERE; DYNAMICS; WAVES; TIMES AB This work explores the maintenance of the stratospheric structure in a primitive equation model that is forced by a Newtonian cooling with a prescribed radiative equilibrium temperature field. Models such as this are well suited to analyze and address questions regarding the nature of wave propagation and troposphere-stratosphere interactions. The focus lies on the lower to midstratosphere and the mean annual cycle, with its large interhemispheric variations in the radiative background state and forcing, is taken as a benchmark to be simulated with reasonable verisimilitude. A reasonably realistic basic stratospheric temperature structure is a necessary first step in understanding stratospheric dynamics.It is first shown that using a realistic radiative background temperature field based on radiative transfer calculations substantially improves the basic structure of the model stratosphere compared to previously used setups. Then, the physical processes that are needed to maintain the seasonal cycle of temperature in the lower stratosphere are explored. It is found that an improved stratosphere and seasonally varying topographically forced stationary waves are, in themselves, insufficient to produce a seasonal cycle of sufficient amplitude in the tropics, even if the topographic forcing is large. Upwelling associated with baroclinic wave activity is an important influence on the tropical lower stratosphere and the seasonal variation of tropospheric baroclinic activity contributes significantly to the seasonal cycle of the lower tropical stratosphere. Given a reasonably realistic basic stratospheric structure and a seasonal cycle in both stationary wave activity and tropospheric baroclinic instability, it is possible to obtain a seasonal cycle in the lower stratosphere of amplitude comparable to the observations. C1 [Jucker, M.; Fueglistaler, S.; Vallis, G. K.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Jucker, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM mjucker@princeton.edu RI Fueglistaler, Stephan/I-5803-2013; Jucker, Martin/C-3914-2014 OI Jucker, Martin/0000-0002-4227-315X FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1144302]; Swiss National Science Foundation FX We are extremely grateful for the generous and insightful comments of E. Gerber and L. Polvani. Their invaluable input greatly improved the quality of this work. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant AGS-1144302. M. Jucker was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 70 IS 11 BP 3341 EP 3358 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0305.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 243YP UT WOS:000326354600001 ER PT J AU Kavulich, MJ Szunyogh, I Gyarmati, G Wilson, RJ AF Kavulich, Michael J., Jr. Szunyogh, Istvan Gyarmati, Gyorgyi Wilson, R. John TI Local Dynamics of Baroclinic Waves in the Martian Atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Baroclinic flows; Eddies; Planetary atmospheres; Rossby waves; Waves; atmospheric; Jets ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MARS GLOBAL SURVEYOR; WATER ICE CLOUDS; TES NADIR DATA; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; BASIC INGREDIENTS; DATA ASSIMILATION; STATIONARY WAVES; TRAVELING-WAVES AB The paper investigates the processes that drive the spatiotemporal evolution of baroclinic transient waves in the Martian atmosphere by a simulation experiment with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Mars general circulation model (GCM). The main diagnostic tool of the study is the (local) eddy kinetic energy equation. Results are shown for a prewinter season of the Northern Hemisphere, in which a deep baroclinic wave of zonal wavenumber 2 circles the planet at an eastward phase speed of about 70 degrees Sol(-1) (Sol is a Martian day). The regular structure of the wave gives the impression that the classical models of baroclinic instability, which describe the underlying process by a temporally unstable global wave (e.g., Eady model and Charney model), may have a direct relevance for the description of the Martian baroclinic waves. The results of the diagnostic calculations show, however, that while the Martian waves remain zonally global features at all times, there are large spatiotemporal changes in their amplitude. The most intense episodes of baroclinic energy conversion, which take place in the two great plain regions (Acidalia Planitia and Utopia Planitia), are strongly localized in both space and time. In addition, similar to the situation for terrestrial baroclinic waves, geopotential flux convergence plays an important role in the dynamics of the downstream-propagating unstable waves. C1 [Kavulich, Michael J., Jr.; Szunyogh, Istvan; Gyarmati, Gyorgyi] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Wilson, R. John] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Szunyogh, I (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, MS 3150, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM szunyogh@tamu.edu RI Szunyogh, Istvan/G-9248-2012 FU Mars Fundamental Research Program of NASA [NNX09AT57G]; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) [KUS-C1-016-04]; NASA Planetary Atmospheres Program; Mars Data Assimilation Program FX This work was supported by Grant NNX09AT57G from the Mars Fundamental Research Program of NASA and in part by Award KUS-C1-016-04 made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). The contribution by R. J. W. was made possible by funding from the NASA Planetary Atmospheres Program and the Mars Data Assimilation Program. The many helpful comments by Jeffrey Barnes and anonymous reviewers on earlier manuscript versions of the paper helped us significantly improve the design of the numerical experiments and the analysis of the results. NR 78 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 70 IS 11 BP 3415 EP 3447 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0262.1 PG 33 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 243YP UT WOS:000326354600005 ER PT J AU Li, XF Zheng, WZ Yang, XF Zhang, JA Pichel, WG Li, ZW AF Li, Xiaofeng Zheng, Weizhong Yang, Xiaofeng Zhang, Jun A. Pichel, William G. Li, Ziwei TI Coexistence of Atmospheric Gravity Waves and Boundary Layer Rolls Observed by SAR SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Gravity waves; Marine boundary layer; Wind; Remote sensing; Satellite observations ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE-RADAR; COLD-AIR OUTBREAK; SURFACE IMPRINTS; VORTEX STREETS; LEE WAVES; SEA; SATELLITE; IMAGES; WIND; CONVECTION AB Both atmospheric gravity waves (AGW) and marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) rolls are simultaneously observed on an Environmental Satellite (Envisat) advanced synthetic aperture radar (ASAR) image acquired along the China coast on 22 May 2005. The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image covers about 400 km x 400 km of a coastal area of the Yellow Sea. The sea surface imprints of AGW show the patterns of both a transverse wave along the coastal plain and a diverging wave in the lee of Mount Laoshan (1133-m peak), which indicate that terrain forcing affects the formation of AGW. The AGW have a wavelength of 8-10 km and extend about 100 km offshore. Model simulation shows that these waves have an amplitude over 3 km. Finer-scale (similar to 2 km) brushlike roughness features perpendicular to the coast are also observed, and they are interpreted as MABL rolls. The FFT analysis shows that the roll wavelengths vary spatially. The two-way interactive, triply nested grid (9-3-1 km) Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) simulation reproduces AGW-generated wind perturbations that are in phase at all levels, reaching up to the 700-hPa level for the diverging AGW and the 900-hPa level for the transverse AGW. The WRF simulation also reveals that dynamic instability, rather than thermodynamic instability, is the cause for the MABL roll generation. Differences in atmospheric inflection-point level and instability at different locations are reasons why the roll wavelengths vary spatially. C1 [Li, Xiaofeng] GST Inc, College Pk, MD USA. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zheng, Weizhong] IMSG, College Pk, MD USA. [Zheng, Weizhong] NOAA, NCEP, EMC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Yang, Xiaofeng; Li, Ziwei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. [Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Pichel, William G.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA, NCWCP E RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct,Off 3216, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM xiaofeng.li@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012; Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; yang, xiaofeng/K-5245-2015; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; yang, xiaofeng/0000-0001-9920-4641; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41228007, 41201350]; European Space Agency [141, 6133] FX This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 41228007 and 41201350. The Envisat advanced SAR image was provided by the European Space Agency under Envisat Projects 141 and 6133. Radiosonde data were provided by the University of Wyoming. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 70 IS 11 BP 3448 EP 3459 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0347.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 243YP UT WOS:000326354600006 ER PT J AU Nof, SY Cheng, GJ Weiner, AM Chen, XW Bechar, A Jones, MG Reed, CB Donmez, A Weldon, TD Bermel, P Bukkapatnam, STS Cheng, CQ Kumara, SRT Bement, A Koubek, R Bidanda, B Shin, YC Capponi, A Lee, S Lehto, MR Liu, AL Nohadani, O Dantus, M Lorraine, PW Nolte, DD Proctor, RW Sardesai, HP Shi, LY Wachs, JP Zhang, XC AF Nof, Shimon Y. Cheng, Gary J. Weiner, Andrew M. Chen, Xin W. Bechar, Avital Jones, Marshall G. Reed, Claude B. Donmez, Alkan Weldon, Thomas D. Bermel, Peter Bukkapatnam, Satish T. S. Cheng, Changqing Kumara, Soundar R. T. Bement, Arden Koubek, Richard Bidanda, Bopaya Shin, Yung C. Capponi, Agostino Lee, Seokcheon Lehto, Mark R. Liu, Andrew L. Nohadani, Omid Dantus, Marcos Lorraine, Peter W. Nolte, David D. Proctor, Robert W. Sardesai, Harshad P. Shi, Leyuan Wachs, Juan P. Zhang, Xi-Cheng TI Laser and Photonic Systems Integration: Emerging Innovations and Framework for Research and Education SO HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS IN MANUFACTURING & SERVICE INDUSTRIES LA English DT Article DE Advanced manufacturing; Laser processing; Healthcare; Optical communication; Precision collaboration ID CHIRPED MIRRORS; WARNING SYSTEM; E-WORK; COMPENSATION; DESIGN; CHALLENGES; SERVICE; PULSE AB The purpose of this article is to review the key emerging innovations in laser and photonics systems as well as their design and integration, focusing on challenges and opportunities for solutions of societal challenges. Developments, their significance, and frontier challenges are explained in advanced manufacturing, biomedicine and healthcare, and communication. Systems, networks, and integration issues and challenges are then discussed, and an integration framework for networking laser- and photonic-based services and products is proposed. The article concludes with implications and an agenda for education, research and development, and policy needs, with a focus on human, society, science, and technology integration. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Nof, Shimon Y.; Cheng, Gary J.; Weiner, Andrew M.; Bermel, Peter; Bement, Arden; Shin, Yung C.; Capponi, Agostino; Lee, Seokcheon; Lehto, Mark R.; Liu, Andrew L.; Nohadani, Omid; Nolte, David D.; Proctor, Robert W.; Wachs, Juan P.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Chen, Xin W.] So Illinois Univ, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. [Bechar, Avital] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Reed, Claude B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Donmez, Alkan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Weldon, Thomas D.] Innovat Factory, Duluth, GA USA. [Bukkapatnam, Satish T. S.; Cheng, Changqing] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Kumara, Soundar R. T.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Koubek, Richard] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Bidanda, Bopaya] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Dantus, Marcos] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Shi, Leyuan] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Zhang, Xi-Cheng] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. RP Nof, SY (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM nof@purdue.edu RI Nohadani, Omid/N-8177-2013; Zhang, Xi-Cheng/G-1306-2016; OI Zhang, Xi-Cheng/0000-0003-3721-1357; Bidanda, Bopaya/0000-0002-6239-6800; Shin, Yung/0000-0003-3157-9345 NR 88 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1090-8471 EI 1520-6564 J9 HUM FACTOR ERGON MAN JI Hum. Factors Ergonom. Manuf. Serv. Ind. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 23 IS 6 BP 483 EP 516 DI 10.1002/hfm.20555 PG 34 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA 239BF UT WOS:000325995800001 ER PT J AU Hammond, CF Conquest, LL Rose, CS AF Hammond, Carwyn F. Conquest, Loveday L. Rose, Craig S. TI Using reflex action mortality predictors (RAMP) to evaluate if trawl gear modifications reduce the unobserved mortality of Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) and snow crab (C-opilio) SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bycatch; Chionoecetes; crab; RAMP; reflex impairment; trawl gear; unobserved mortality ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; DISCARD MORTALITY; BYCATCH REDUCTION; FISH; IMPAIRMENT; TEMPERATURE; EXPOSURE; CATCH AB Management of Bering Sea crab and groundfish fisheries must account for the delayed (and hence unobserved) mortality of crab that encounter bottom trawls, but are not captured. A new approach to predicting the delayed mortality of crab uses a reflex action mortality predictor (RAMP) model to establish a relationship between mortality and reflex impairments. A 2007 pilot study of 649 crab established RAMP curves for both Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) and snow crab (C. opilio). Additional data (1775 crab) collected in 2008 allowed us to update the existing RAMP curves to more fully examine the effect of injury scores on the RAMP models and to determine the best method for estimating overall mortality. Results confirmed that the additional measurements did not significantly alter the original relationship between mortality and reflex impairment score. Additionally, the RAMP curves were used to predict unobserved mortality from observed reflex impairment scores of Chionoecetes spp. captured after encounters with different parts of bottom trawl gear (footrope and sweep) and alternative types of footrope and sweep. In addition to estimating mortality rates caused by each gear part, we tested whether the alternative footrope and sweep designs reduced the unobserved mortality rates of crab. Results showed that the alternative footrope (58 cm disk footrope) reduced mortality from 11.4 to 7.2% for Tanner crab and from 9.7 to 5.0% for snow crab. The alternative (off-bottom) sweep reduced mortality from 4.1 to 1.0% for Tanner crab and from 4.9 to 0.0% for snow crab. Thus, the use of the reflex impairment score through the RAMP model is a cost effectiveway to estimate delayed mortality and to assess the effect of gear types on delayed mortality for management purposes. C1 [Hammond, Carwyn F.; Rose, Craig S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Engn Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Conquest, Loveday L.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hammond, CF (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Engn Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM carwyn.hammond@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board [711]; National Cooperative Research Program of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA; National Bycatch Reduction Engineering Program of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA FX This study was primarily funded by a grant from the North Pacific Research Board (Project 711), with additional support from the National Cooperative Research and National Bycatch Reduction Engineering Programs of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. D. King and J. Smart prepared the auxiliary nets, S. McEntire assisted with electronics, and S. McDermott loaned the live tanks for holding crab. We gratefully acknowledge the substantial contributions of Captain Lorin Perry and his crew on the Pacific Explorer, as well as the invaluable sampling efforts of P. Iseri, S. Walters, K. Lee, and particularly A. W. Stoner, J. E. Munk, and D. Benjamin who participated in both summers of this work and provided valuable feedback on the manuscript. We also acknowledge the contributions of two anonymous reviewers, whose comments greatly improved the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 70 IS 7 BP 1308 EP 1318 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst085 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 239RB UT WOS:000326042000005 ER PT J AU Demer, DA Zwolinski, JP Cutter, GR Byers, KA Macewicz, BJ Hill, KT AF Demer, David A. Zwolinski, Juan P. Cutter, George R., Jr. Byers, Kyle A. Macewicz, Beverly J. Hill, Kevin T. TI Sampling selectivity in acoustic-trawl surveys of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) biomass and length distribution SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acoustic; biomass; differentiation; length; stock; trawl; assessment; fishery-independent ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT ECOSYSTEM; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; WEST-COAST; STOCK AB To annually assess the northern stock of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) in the California Current and set harvest quotas for the US fishery, managers have used an age-structured stock synthesis model fitted with results fromacoustic-trawl (ATM), daily-egg-production, and aerialphotogrammetric surveymethods, fishery landing and individual-length data, and many assumed or empirically derived parameters. In these assessments, sardine landed at ports spanning fromEnsenada, Me ' xico toVancouver Island, Canadawere assumed to be solely fromthe northern stock. Itwas also assumed that theATMestimates of sardine biomasswere negligibly biased for the sizes of fish sampled by the survey trawls (i. e., catchability q = 1 for sardine standard length (SL) values greater than similar to 17 cm). Due to these catchability and length-selectivity assumptions, the ATM-and assessment-estimated abundances aremostly similar for larger sardine. However, the assessment estimates include large abundances ofsmall sardine (SL values less than similar to 15 cm) that are not represented in either theATM-survey results or the fishery landings, and generally did not recruit to themigrating northern stock sampled by the ATM surveys. We considered four explanations for this disparity: (i) the ATMlength-selectivity assumption is correct; (ii) the non-recruiting small fishmay comprise a smaller portion of the stock than indicated by the assessments; (iii) during years of lowrecruitment success, those size classesmay be virtually completely fished by the Ensenada and San Pedro fisheries; or (iv) they may belong to the southern sardine stock. This investigation emphasizes the previously identified importance of differentiating samples from the northern and southern stocks and surveying their entire domains. C1 [Demer, David A.; Cutter, George R., Jr.; Byers, Kyle A.; Macewicz, Beverly J.; Hill, Kevin T.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr SWFSC, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Zwolinski, Juan P.] Ocean Associates Inc, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. RP Demer, DA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr SWFSC, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM David.Demer@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 70 IS 7 BP 1369 EP 1377 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst116 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 239RB UT WOS:000326042000010 ER PT J AU Wilson, MT Mier, KL Jump, CM AF Wilson, Matthew T. Mier, Kathryn L. Jump, Christina M. TI Effect of region on the food-related benefits to age-0 walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in association with midwater habitat characteristics in the Gulf of Alaska SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE abundance; bioenergetics; body size; diet; fish; food habits; growth; marine; nursery ID EFFECTIVE JUVENILE HABITATS; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; WESTERN GULF; MARINE NURSERIES; NORTHERN GULF; OF-ALASKA; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; THYSANOESSA-INERMIS; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; DOTO AREA AB In the western Gulf of Alaska (GOA), we compared age-0 juvenile walleye pollock body weight, food habits, and expected growth rates between two regions during 3 years. The benefit to rearing off Kodiak Island vs. in the Semidi Islands vicinity increased among years with body length because larger fish consumed more euphausiids, and euphausiids were apparently more available in the Kodiak region. This explains previously observed regional variation in body size, condition, and growth rates within the GOA population and points to potential importance of the Kodiak region as a walleye pollock nursery. During September 2005, 2007, and 2009, Kodiak midwater was cooler and saltier than Semidi midwater, presumably due to a relatively narrow continental shelf and greater oceanic influence. Zooplankton composition differed between regions with the greater euphausiid population density off Kodiak being most relevant to walleye pollock food habits. As found historically, age-0 walleye pollock abundance was lower in the Kodiak region than in the Semidi region. However, the Kodiak fish were larger in both length and length-specific weight, and had fuller stomachs than Semidi fish, although differences were not significant in all years. Regional differences were most pronounced during the relatively warmyear 2005 when fish were particularly large. Fish dietary mass was dominated by euphausiids, especially for Kodiak fish= 55 mmstandard length. Bioenergetics model output suggests that the greater euphausiid dietary proportion translates into faster growth of the Kodiak fish. The midwater habitat off Kodiak Island might therefore support above-average production of recruits to the GOA adult population due to better condition and likely survival of walleye pollock juveniles, especially when fish are large and thus able to more fully exploit euphausiids, but confirmation of above-average production of recruits depends on our ability to determine spatial structure in juvenile-adult population connectivity. C1 [Wilson, Matthew T.; Mier, Kathryn L.; Jump, Christina M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Wilson, MT (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM matt.wilson@noaa.gov FU NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity Programme FX We thank all cruise personnel from the NOAA ship Miller Freeman involved in the collection of samples and data, the Research Fishing Gear and MACE programmes at the AFSC for gear and logistic support, and C. Harpold for help accessing zooplankton data. Comments from D. Cooper, J. Duffy-Anderson, G. Lang, J. Napp, the AFSC Publications Unit, and three anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. This research is contribution EcoFOCI-0799 to NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations. It was supported by NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity Programme. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 70 IS 7 BP 1396 EP 1407 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst138 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 239RB UT WOS:000326042000013 ER PT J AU Zwolinski, JP Demer, DA AF Zwolinski, Juan P. Demer, David A. TI Measurements of natural mortality for Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acoustic-trawl surveys; catch-curve analysis; fishery-independent estimates ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT ECOSYSTEM; STOCK AB The northern stock of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) in the California Current Ecosystemis periodically assessed to provide harvest guidelines for the United States and Canadian fisheries. The assessment model incorporates the estimates of abundance from acoustic-trawl method (ATM) and other surveys and many parameters including a constant value for the instantaneous natural mortality coefficient (M). Here, the ATM-estimated length-structured sardine abundances for 2006-2011 are combined to directly estimate M. The stock was dominated by the 2003, 2004, and 2005 year classes (2003-2005 cohort) from 2006 to 2010 and by the 2009 and 2010 year classes in 2011. Insignificant recruitments during 2006-2010 allowed the 2003-2005 cohort to be tracked andMto be estimated. The bootstrap distributions of estimatedMencompass the assessment-assumed value of 0.4(-year). The measurements suggest thatMis high for a new cohort, declines during mid-life, then increases as the fish approach their longevity. ThemeanMfor the entire period, 0.52, is 30% higher than the one currently assumed for the assessment, reflecting the steeper decline in the ATM-estimated biomass versus that in the assessment model. C1 [Zwolinski, Juan P.] Ocean Associates, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. [Demer, David A.] NOAA, Fisheries Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Zwolinski, JP (reprint author), Ocean Associates, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. EM juan.zwolinski@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 70 IS 7 BP 1408 EP 1415 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst110 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 239RB UT WOS:000326042000014 ER PT J AU Fassler, SMM O'Donnell, C Jech, JM AF Fassler, Sascha M. M. O'Donnell, Ciaran Jech, J. M. TI Boarfish (Capros aper) target strength modelled from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of its swimbladder SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acoustic survey; boarfish; Kirchhoff-ray mode (KRM); stock assessment; target strength ID RELATIVE FREQUENCY-RESPONSE; POUT TRISOPTERUS-ESMARKII; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; ATLANTIC MACKEREL; IN-SITU; KIRCHHOFF-APPROXIMATION; FISHERIES ACOUSTICS; WALLEYE POLLOCK AB Boarfish (Capros aper) abundance has increased dramatically in the Northeast Atlantic from the early 1970s after successive years of good recruitment attributed to an increase in sea surface temperature. Due to increased commercial fishing over recent years, an acoustic boarfish survey funded by the Killybegs Fishermen's Organisation was initiated by the Marine Institute to establish a baseline for the future management of this stock. In the absence of any species-specific boarfish target strength (TS), acoustic backscatter was estimated by a Kirchhoff-ray mode model using reconstructed three-dimensional swimbladder shapes which were computed from magnetic resonance imaging scans of whole fish. The model predicted TS as a function of size, fish tilt angle, and operating frequency. Standardized directivity patterns revealed the increasing importance of changes in the inclination of the dorsal swimbladder surface at higher frequencies (120 and 200 kHz) and a less directive response at lower frequencies (18 and 38 kHz). The model predicted a TS-to-total fish length relationship of TS = 20 log(10)(L) - 66.2. The intercept is similar to 1 dB higher than in the general physoclist relationship, potentially reflecting the bulky nature of the boarfish swimbladder with its relatively large circumference. C1 [Fassler, Sascha M. M.] Wageningen Inst Marine Resources & Ecosyst Studie, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands. [O'Donnell, Ciaran] Rinville, Inst Marine, Oranmore, Galway, Ireland. [Jech, J. M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Fassler, SMM (reprint author), Wageningen Inst Marine Resources & Ecosyst Studie, POB 68, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands. EM sascha.fassler@wur.nl RI Fassler, Sascha/C-8949-2009 FU Killybegs Fishermen's Organisation (KFO; Killybegs, Co. Donegal, Ireland); Dutch KBWOT Fisheries Programme [KB-14-012-009-IMARES] FX The biological sampling and radiography work was funded by the Killybegs Fishermen's Organisation (KFO; Killybegs, Co. Donegal, Ireland). SMMF received funding through the Dutch KBWOT Fisheries Programme for the project "Underpinning Acoustics" (KB-14-012-009-IMARES). Four anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on a previous version of this manuscript. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 70 IS 7 BP 1451 EP 1459 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst095 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 239RB UT WOS:000326042000018 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, E Gonzalez, JE Bornstein, R Arend, M Martilli, A AF Gutierrez, Estatio Gonzalez, Jorge E. Bornstein, Robert Arend, Mark Martilli, Alberto TI A New Modeling Approach to Forecast Building Energy Demands During Extreme Heat Events in Complex Cities SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; URBAN AREAS; ISLAND AB The thermal response of a large and complex city including the energy production aspects of it are explored using urbanized atmospheric mesoscale modeling. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Mesocale model is coupled to a multilayer urban canopy model that considers thermal and mechanical effects of the urban environment including a building scale energy model to account for anthropogenic heat contributions due to indoor-outdoor temperature differences. This new urban parameterization is used to evaluate the evolution and the resulting urban heat island (UHI) formation associated to a 3-day heat wave in New York City (NYC) during the summer of 2010. High-resolution (250m) urban canopy parameters (UCPs) from the National Urban Database were employed to initialize the multilayer urban parameterization. The precision of the numerical simulations is evaluated using a range of observations. Data from a dense network of surface weather stations, wind profilers, and Lidar measurements are compared to model outputs over Manhattan and its surroundings during the 3-days event. The thermal and drag effects of buildings represented in the multilayer urban canopy model improves simulations over urban regions giving better estimates of the 2m surface air temperature and 10m wind speed. An accurate representation of the nocturnal urban heat island registered over NYC in the event was obtained from the improved model. The accuracy of the simulation is further assessed against more simplified urban parameterizations models with positive results with new approach. Results are further used to quantify the energy consumption of the buildings during the heat wave, and to explore alternatives to mitigate the intensity of the UHI during the extreme event. C1 [Gutierrez, Estatio; Gonzalez, Jorge E.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Bornstein, Robert] San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Arend, Mark] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Martilli, Alberto] Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, Madrid, Spain. RP Gutierrez, E (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. RI Martilli, Alberto/H-5426-2015 OI Martilli, Alberto/0000-0002-7795-5871 FU NOAA-CREST [NA06OAR4810162]; National Science Foundation [0933414] FX Funding for this research was provided by NOAA-CREST Grant No. NA06OAR4810162 and the National Science Foundation Grant No. 0933414. We thank the CUNY High Performance Computing Center at the College of Staten Island for providing us with computational resources needed to perform the numerical simulations. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 EI 1528-8986 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD NOV PY 2013 VL 135 IS 4 AR 040906 DI 10.1115/1.4025510 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 239JA UT WOS:000326017600007 ER PT J AU Simiu, E Letchford, C Isyumov, N Chowdhury, AG Yeo, D AF Simiu, Emil Letchford, Chris Isyumov, Nicholas Chowdhury, Arindam Gan Yeo, DongHun TI Assessment of ASCE 7-10 Standard Methods for Determining Wind Loads SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Roofs; Construction equipment; Wind loads; Wind pressure; Wind speed; Wind tunnels; Standards and codes; Arched roofs; Rooftop equipment; Standards; Wind engineering; Wind loads; Wind pressures; Wind speeds; Wind tunnels ID NIST AERODYNAMIC DATABASE; UWO CONTRIBUTION; UNITED-STATES; LOW BUILDINGS; SPEEDS AB The purpose of this paper is to discuss issues associated with ASCE 7-10 standard methods for determining wind loads on buildings and other structures that warrant comment, correction, or improvement. The assessment is intended to serve as a resource in the development of a new version of the ASCE 7 standard and to stimulate a wider participation in that development by the structural engineering community. Issues discussed in the paper include: wind speeds in nonhurricane regions; alternative analytical methods for determining wind loads and wind effects on main wind force resisting systems and components and/or cladding; aerodynamic pressure coefficients; pressures on rooftop equipment; component and cladding pressures on arched roofs; and the wind tunnel procedure. It is noted that the ASCE 49 standard essentially covers wind tunnel testing, rather than the wind tunnel procedure, of which wind tunnel testing is only a part. C1 [Simiu, Emil; Yeo, DongHun] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Letchford, Chris] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Troy, NY 12181 USA. [Isyumov, Nicholas] Univ Western Ontario, Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel Lab, London, ON N6A 589, Canada. [Chowdhury, Arindam Gan] Florida Int Univ, Lab Wind Engn Res, Int Hurricane Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33174 USA. [Chowdhury, Arindam Gan] Florida Int Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Miami, FL 33174 USA. RP Simiu, E (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM emil.simiu@nist.gov; letchc@rpi.edu; nandlisyumov@xplornet.ca; chowdhur@fiu.edu; donghun.yeo@nist.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 21 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 EI 1943-541X J9 J STRUCT ENG JI J. Struct. Eng. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 139 IS 11 BP 2044 EP 2047 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000771 PG 4 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 234KD UT WOS:000325641500024 ER PT J AU Schlenoff, C Chibani, A Prestes, E Amirat, Y AF Schlenoff, Craig Chibani, Abdelghani Prestes, Edson Amirat, Yacine TI Ubiquitous robots (UBIROBOTS) workshop at the UBICOMP 2012 conference SO ROBOTICS AND AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Schlenoff, Craig] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chibani, Abdelghani; Amirat, Yacine] UPEC, LISSI, Vitry Sur Seine, France. [Prestes, Edson] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Informat, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. RP Schlenoff, C (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8230, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM craig.schlenoff@nist.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8890 EI 1872-793X J9 ROBOT AUTON SYST JI Robot. Auton. Syst. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 61 IS 11 SI SI BP 1159 EP 1161 DI 10.1016/j.robot.2013.04.018 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA 239EN UT WOS:000326005500001 ER PT J AU Balakirsky, S Kootbally, Z Kramer, T Pietromartire, A Schlenoff, C Gupta, S AF Balakirsky, Stephen Kootbally, Zeid Kramer, Thomas Pietromartire, Anthony Schlenoff, Craig Gupta, Satyandra TI Knowledge driven robotics for kitting applications SO ROBOTICS AND AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Ontology; Robotics; Manufacturing; Knowledge representation AB This article presents a newly developed knowledge methodology/model that was designed to support the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society's Ontologies for Robotics and Automation Working Group. This methodology/model allows for the creation of systems that demonstrate flexibility, agility, and the ability to be rapidly re-tasked. The methodology/model will be illustrated through a case study in the area of robotic kit building. Through this case study, the knowledge model will be presented, and automatic tools for optimizing the knowledge representation for planning systems and execution systems will be discussed. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Balakirsky, Stephen] Georgia Tech Res Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kramer, Thomas] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Kootbally, Zeid] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kramer, Thomas] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kramer, Thomas; Pietromartire, Anthony] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schlenoff, Craig] NIST, Cognit & Collaborat Syst Grp, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gupta, Satyandra] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gupta, Satyandra] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Balakirsky, S (reprint author), Georgia Tech Res Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM stephen.balakirsky@gtri.gatech.edu NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8890 EI 1872-793X J9 ROBOT AUTON SYST JI Robot. Auton. Syst. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 61 IS 11 SI SI BP 1205 EP 1214 DI 10.1016/j.robot.2013.04.006 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA 239EN UT WOS:000326005500006 ER PT J AU Schlenoff, C Pietromartire, A Kootbally, Z Balakirsky, S Foufou, S AF Schlenoff, Craig Pietromartire, Anthony Kootbally, Zeid Balakirsky, Stephen Foufou, Sebti TI Ontology-based state representations for intention recognition in human-robot collaborative environments SO ROBOTICS AND AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Intention recognition; State-based representation; Ontologies; Human-robot safety; RCC8 AB In this paper, we describe a novel approach for representing state information for the purpose of intention recognition in cooperative human-robot environments. States are represented by a combination of spatial relationships in a Cartesian frame along with cardinal direction information. This approach is applied to a manufacturing kitting operation, where humans and robots are working together to develop kits. Based upon a set of predefined high-level state relationships that must be true for future actions to occur, a robot can use the detailed state information described in this paper to infer the probability of subsequent actions occurring. This would allow the robot to better help the human with the task or, at a minimum, better stay out of his or her way. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Schlenoff, Craig] NIST, Cognit & Collaborat Syst Grp, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pietromartire, Anthony] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Balakirsky, Stephen] NIST, Knowledge Driven Planning & Modeling Project, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schlenoff, Craig; Foufou, Sebti] Univ Burgundy, LE2i Lab, Dijon, France. [Foufou, Sebti] Qatar Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Doha, Qatar. [Kootbally, Zeid] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Schlenoff, C (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8230, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM craig.schlenoff@nist.gov; pietromartire.anthony@nist.gov; zeid.kootbally@nist.gov; stephen.balakirsky@nist.gov; sfoufou@qu.edu.qa RI Foufou, Sebti/E-2081-2015 OI Foufou, Sebti/0000-0002-3555-9125 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8890 EI 1872-793X J9 ROBOT AUTON SYST JI Robot. Auton. Syst. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 61 IS 11 SI SI BP 1224 EP 1234 DI 10.1016/j.robot.2013.04.004 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA 239EN UT WOS:000326005500008 ER PT J AU Glover, JL Hudson, LT AF Glover, Jack L. Hudson, Lawrence T. TI A method for organic/inorganic differentiation using an x-ray forward/backscatter personnel scanner SO X-RAY SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article AB A method is proposed for performing organic/inorganic materials discrimination using an x-ray forward/backscatter scanner. The method is demonstrated using a commercially available personnel security-screening system and requires only image post processing. The method relies upon x-ray interaction physics, and the exact registration of forward- and backscattered images, permitting reliable discrimination between low and high atomic number materials over a range of thicknesses. The materials information is used to colorize images, and examples of the results are given. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Glover, Jack L.; Hudson, Lawrence T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Glover, JL (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jlglover@nist.gov FU Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate [HSHQPM-12-X-00076]; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX The Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate funded the production of the work presented in this material under Interagency Agreement HSHQPM-12-X-00076 with National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0049-8246 EI 1097-4539 J9 X-RAY SPECTROM JI X-Ray Spectrom. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 42 IS 6 BP 531 EP 536 DI 10.1002/xrs.2514 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 239LF UT WOS:000326024700017 ER PT J AU Langridge, JM Richardson, MS Lack, DA Brock, CA Murphy, DM AF Langridge, Justin M. Richardson, Mathews S. Lack, Daniel A. Brock, Charles A. Murphy, Daniel M. TI Limitations of the Photoacoustic Technique for Aerosol Absorption Measurement at High Relative Humidity SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-ABSORPTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; HYGROSCOPIC GROWTH; COMPREHENSIVE CHARACTERIZATION; AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENT; AMMONIUM-SULFATE; BLACK CARBON; SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY; UNCERTAINTY AB Laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the suitability of photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) for aerosol absorption measurement at high relative humidity (RH). Initial experiments characterized the PAS sensitivity that increased strongly by approximate to 1.25 between dry conditions and 90% RH. Correction procedures were validated by measuring RH-independent absorption for hydrophobic absorbing particles. Absorption measured by PAS for a range of hygroscopic particles, including different morphologies, hygroscopicities, and absorbing entities, showed strong low biases at high RH (down to 0.4 at 90% RH). The bias was due to water evaporation impacting the PAS signal. Cooling samples to lower absolute humidity while maintaining a constant RH did not significantly reduce the bias magnitude within the temperature range 11-25 degrees C. The magnitude and RH dependence of the bias were not reproduced well using a model of PAS response incorporating coupled heat and mass transfer in the transition regime. This was attributed, in part, to uncertainty related to changes in the water mass accommodation coefficient with RH. Given our inability to correct for evaporation-induced bias effects accurately, or reduce their magnitude experimentally, we conclude that PAS is not a technique well suited to the measurement of absorption at high RH. In order to minimize RH-related errors in PAS measurements made under notionally dry conditions, we recommend operation in the RH range 10-30%. C1 [Langridge, Justin M.; Richardson, Mathews S.; Lack, Daniel A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Langridge, Justin M.; Richardson, Mathews S.; Lack, Daniel A.; Brock, Charles A.; Murphy, Daniel M.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Langridge, Justin M.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Langridge, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway R CSD2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM justin.langridge@metoffice.gov.uk RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Richardson, Matt/B-4271-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Richardson, Matt/0000-0001-6841-9770; FU NOAA FX This work was supported by NOAA climate and air quality funding. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 38 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 11 BP 1163 EP 1173 DI 10.1080/02786826.2013.827324 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 218VD UT WOS:000324459700001 ER PT J AU Waked, A Afif, C Brioude, J Formenti, P Chevaillier, S El Haddad, I Doussin, JF Borbon, A Seigneur, C AF Waked, Antoine Afif, Charbel Brioude, Jerome Formenti, Paola Chevaillier, Servanne El Haddad, Imad Doussin, Jean-Francois Borbon, Agnes Seigneur, Christian TI Composition and Source Apportionment of Organic Aerosol in Beirut, Lebanon, During Winter 2012 SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; BIOGENIC EMISSIONS; ELEMENTAL CARBON; AIR-QUALITY; SECONDARY; QUANTIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; HYDROCARBONS; IMPACT; CITY AB Fine organic aerosols were collected at a semi-urban site in Beirut, Lebanon, from 28 January to 12 February 2012 as part of the Emission and Chemistry of Organic Carbon in East Mediterranean-Beirut (ECOCEM-Beirut). A total of 20 quartz filter samples were collected on a 12h basis using a high-volume sampler and were analyzed using a GC/MS technique. Levoglucosan was the major most abundant single component with an average value of 306ng.m(-3), followed by saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids and sugars with average values of 234 and 118ng.m(-3), respectively. Reported values for other carboxylic acids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and biogenic secondary organic aerosols (BSOA) were 87, 33 and 21ng.m(-3), respectively. Compared to a similar field campaign conducted in summer 2011, levoglucosan concentrations were lower in summer by a factor of 6, due to the use of wood burning for residential heating in winter. Concentrations of saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids, other carboxylic acids, and BSOA were higher in summer by a factor of 3, 2, and 7, respectively. Higher concentrations observed for BSOA and other dicarboxylic acids during summer are due to higher biogenic emissions and greater photochemical activity in summer. C1 [Waked, Antoine; Seigneur, Christian] Univ Paris Est, Joint Lab Ecole Ponts ParisTech EDF R&D, CEREA, Champs Sur Marne, France. [Waked, Antoine; Afif, Charbel] Univ St Joseph, Fac Sci, Ctr Anal & Rech, Beirut 11072050, Lebanon. [Brioude, Jerome] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brioude, Jerome] NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Formenti, Paola; Chevaillier, Servanne; Doussin, Jean-Francois; Borbon, Agnes] Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, UMR7583, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, Creteil, France. [Formenti, Paola; Chevaillier, Servanne; Doussin, Jean-Francois; Borbon, Agnes] Univ Paris Diderot, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Creteil, France. [El Haddad, Imad] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, Villigen, Switzerland. RP Waked, A (reprint author), Univ St Joseph, Fac Sci, Ctr Anal & Rech, Beirut 11072050, Lebanon. EM antoine.waked@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr; charbel.afif@fs.usj.edu.lb RI Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; El Haddad, Imad/B-8073-2011; Doussin, Jean-Francois/C-5246-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Doussin, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-8042-7228; FU Ecole des Ponts ParisTech; Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research, University of Saint Joseph (Faculty of Sciences and the Scientific Council for Research); French CNRS/INSU FX Funding for this study was provided by Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, the Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research, University of Saint Joseph (Faculty of Sciences and the Scientific Council for Research), and the French CNRS/INSU in the framework of the PRS program (2010-2011). NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 11 BP 1258 EP 1266 DI 10.1080/02786826.2013.831975 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 218VD UT WOS:000324459700011 ER PT J AU Yu, LL Davis, WC Ordonez, YN Long, SE AF Yu, Lee L. Davis, W. Clay Ordonez, Yoana Nuevo Long, Stephen E. TI Fast and accurate determination of K, Ca, and Mg in human serum by sector field ICP-MS SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ca; Mg; K; Electrolyte; Serum; Isotope dilution; High resolution; Sector field; ICP-MS ID PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CERTIFICATION; MAGNESIUM; CALCIUM AB Electrolytes in serum are important biomarkers for skeletal and cellular health. The levels of electrolytes are monitored by measuring the Ca, Mg, K, and Na in blood serum. Many reference methods have been developed for the determination of Ca, Mg, and K in clinical measurements; however, isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) has traditionally been the primary reference method serving as an anchor for traceability and accuracy to these secondary reference methods. The sample matrix must be separated before ID-TIMS measurements, which is a slow and tedious process that hindered the adoption of the technique in routine clinical measurements. We have developed a fast and accurate method for the determination of Ca, Mg, and K in serum by taking advantage of the higher mass resolution capability of the modern sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS). Each serum sample was spiked with a mixture containing enriched Ca-44, Mg-26, and K-41, and the Ca-42(+):Ca-44(+), Mg-24(+):Mg-26(+), and K-39(+):K-41(+) ratios were measured. The Ca and Mg ratios were measured in medium resolution mode (m/Delta m a parts per thousand aEuro parts per thousand 4 500), and the K ratio in high resolution mode (m/Delta m a parts per thousand aEuro parts per thousand 10 000). Residual (ArH+)-Ar-40-H-1 interference was still observed but the deleterious effects of the interference were minimized by measuring the sample at K > 100 ng g(-1). The interferences of Sr++ at the two Ca isotopes were less than 0.25 % of the analyte signal, and they were corrected with the Sr-88(+) intensity by using the Sr++:Sr+ ratio. The sample preparation involved only simple dilutions, and the measurement using this sample preparation approach is known as dilution-and-shoot (DNS). The DNS approach was validated with samples prepared via the traditional acid digestion approach followed by ID-SF-ICP-MS measurement. DNS and digested samples of SRM 956c were measured with ID-SF-ICP-MS for quality assurance, and the results (mean +/- expanded uncertainty in mg dL(-1) unit) for Ca (DNS = 10.14 +/- 0.13, digested = 10.11 +/- 0.10), Mg (DNS = 2.093 +/- 0.008, digested = 2.098 +/- 0.007), and K (DNS = 15.48 +/- 0.11, digested = 15.50 +/- 0.28) were in good agreement with the certified values (Ca = 10.17 +/- 0.06, Mg = 2.084 +/- 0.023, K = 15.55 +/- 0.13). Major sources of uncertainty are sample measurement, spike calibration, and instrument factor including mass discrimination of the spectrometer and the detector deadtime. C1 [Yu, Lee L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davis, W. Clay; Ordonez, Yoana Nuevo; Long, Stephen E.] NIST, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Yu, LL (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8391, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lee.yu@nist.gov RI Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015 OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 46 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 405 IS 27 BP 8761 EP 8768 DI 10.1007/s00216-013-7320-4 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 236TZ UT WOS:000325823600011 PM 23995507 ER PT J AU Tolimieri, N Samhouri, JF Simon, V Feist, BE Levin, PS AF Tolimieri, Nick Samhouri, Jameal F. Simon, Victor Feist, Blake E. Levin, Phillip S. TI Linking the Trophic Fingerprint of Groundfishes to Ecosystem Structure and Function in the California Current SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE mean trophic level; groundfish; ecopath; ecosystem-based management; west coast; indicators ID MARINE FOOD WEBS; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; PACIFIC; FISH; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; COLLAPSE AB Mean trophic level (MTL) is one of the most widely used indicators of marine ecosystem health. It usually represents the relative abundance of fished species across a spectrum of TLs. The reality, ubiquity, and causes of a general decline in the MTL of fisheries catch through time, and whether fisheries catch tracks ecosystem level changes, have engendered much attention. However, the consequences of such patterns for broader ecosystem structure and function remain virtually unexplored. Along the Pacific U.S. Coast, previous work has documented fluctuations and a slow increase in ecosystem MTL from 1977 to 2004. Here, we document a decline in the ecosystem MTL of groundfishes in the same ecosystem from 2003 to 2011, the proximate cause of which was a decrease in the biomass of higher TL groundfishes. Using a food web model, we illustrate how these shifts in ecosystem structure may have resulted in short term, positive responses by many lower TL species in the broader ecosystem. In the longer term, the model predicts that initial patterns of prey release may be tempered in part by lagged responses of other higher TL species, such as salmon and seabirds. Although ecosystem functions related to specific groups like piscivores (excluding high-TL groundfishes) changed, aggregate ecosystem functions altered little following the initial reorganization of biomass, probably due to functional redundancy within the predator guild. Efforts to manage and conserve marine ecosystems will benefit from a fuller consideration of the information content contained within, and implied by, fisheries-independent TL indicators. C1 [Tolimieri, Nick; Samhouri, Jameal F.; Feist, Blake E.; Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Simon, Victor] NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Tolimieri, N (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM nick.tolimieri@noaa.gov RI Feist, Blake/H-2669-2012 OI Feist, Blake/0000-0001-5215-4878 NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 64 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD NOV PY 2013 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1216 EP 1229 DI 10.1007/s10021-013-9680-1 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 231NT UT WOS:000325424500005 ER PT J AU Jorgenson, B Fleishman, E Macneale, KH Schlenk, D Scholz, NL Spromberg, JA Werner, I Weston, DP Xiao, QF Young, TM Zhang, MH AF Jorgenson, Brant Fleishman, Erica Macneale, Kate H. Schlenk, Daniel Scholz, Nathaniel L. Spromberg, Julann A. Werner, Inge Weston, Donald P. Xiao, Qingfu Young, Thomas M. Zhang, Minghua TI PREDICTED TRANSPORT OF PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES FROM AN URBAN LANDSCAPE TO SURFACE WATER SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Environmental modeling; Environmental fate; Pesticide runoff; Pyrethroids ID OFF-TARGET TRANSPORT; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; CALIFORNIA; FIPRONIL AB The authors developed a simple screening-level model of exposure of aquatic species to pyrethroid insecticides for the lower American River watershed (California, USA). The model incorporated both empirically derived washoff functions based on existing, small-scale precipitation simulations and empirical data on pyrethroid insecticide use and watershed properties for Sacramento County, California, USA. The authors calibrated the model to in-stream monitoring data and used it to predict daily river pyrethroid concentration from 1995 through 2010. The model predicted a marked increase in pyrethroid toxic units starting in 2000, coincident with an observed watershed-wide increase in pyrethroid use. After 2000, approximately 70% of the predicted total toxic unit exposure in the watershed was associated with the pyrethroids bifenthrin and cyfluthrin. Pyrethroid applications for aboveground structural pest control on the basis of suspension concentrate categorized product formulations accounted for greater than 97% of the predicted total toxic unit exposure. Projected application of mitigation strategies, such as curtailment of structural perimeter band and barrier treatments as recently adopted by the California Department of Pesticide Regulation, reduced predicted total toxic unit exposure by 84%. The model also predicted that similar reductions in surface-water concentrations of pyrethroids could be achieved through a switch from suspension concentrate-categorized products to emulsifiable concentrate-categorized products without restrictions on current-use practice. Even with these mitigation actions, the predicted concentration of some pyrethroids would continue to exceed chronic aquatic life criteria. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2469-2477. (c) 2013 SETAC C1 [Jorgenson, Brant; Young, Thomas M.] Univ Calif Davis, Agr & Environm Chem Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fleishman, Erica] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Macneale, Kate H.; Spromberg, Julann A.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Schlenk, Daniel] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Scholz, Nathaniel L.; Werner, Inge] Fed Polytech Sch Lausanne, Swiss Ctr Appl Ecotoxicol, Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Weston, Donald P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Xiao, Qingfu; Zhang, Minghua] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Schlenk, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM Daniel.schlenk@ucr.edu RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013; Young, Thomas/A-4786-2008 OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272; Young, Thomas/0000-0001-7217-4753 FU California Department of Pesticide Regulation [06-0086C]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P42E5004699]; University of California-Santa Barbara [113325G004]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [113325G004] FX This research was supported by the California Department of Pesticide Regulation under contract 06-0086C by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences under award P42E5004699, and by cooperative agreement 113325G004 between the University of California-Santa Barbara and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the California Department of Pesticide Regulation, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the National Institutes of Health. Thanks to F. Spurlock and K. Goh, California Department of Pesticide Regulation, for providing provisional PUR database data for 2010. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 32 IS 11 BP 2469 EP 2477 DI 10.1002/etc.2352 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 232HE UT WOS:000325482700008 PM 24115122 ER PT J AU Turner, DP Jacobson, AR Ritts, WD Wang, WL Nemani, R AF Turner, David P. Jacobson, Andrew R. Ritts, William D. Wang, Weile L. Nemani, Ramakrishna TI A large proportion of North American net ecosystem production is offset by emissions from harvested products, river/stream evasion, and biomass burning SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atmospheric inversion model; biomass burning; carbon flux; net ecosystem exchange; net ecosystem production; river evasion ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TERRESTRIAL GROSS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; DECADAL TRENDS; FLUX TOWER; STAND AGE AB Diagnostic carbon cycle models produce estimates of net ecosystem production (NEP, the balance of net primary production and heterotrophic respiration) by integrating information from (i) satellite-based observations of land surface vegetation characteristics; (ii) distributed meteorological data; and (iii) eddy covariance flux tower observations of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) (used in model parameterization). However, a full bottom-up accounting of NEE (the vertical carbon flux) that is suitable for integration with atmosphere-based inversion modeling also includes emissions from decomposition/respiration of harvested forest and agricultural products, CO2 evasion from streams and rivers, and biomass burning. Here, we produce a daily time step NEE for North America for the year 2004 that includes NEP as well as the additional emissions. This NEE product was run in the forward mode through the CarbonTracker inversion setup to evaluate its consistency with CO2 concentration observations. The year 2004 was climatologically favorable for NEP over North America and the continental total was estimated at 1730 +/- 370TgCyr(-1) (a carbon sink). Harvested product emissions (316 +/- 80TgCyr(-1)), river/stream evasion (158 +/- 50TgCyr(-1)), and fire emissions (142 +/- 45TgCyr(-1)) counteracted a large proportion (35%) of the NEP sink. Geographic areas with strong carbon sinks included Midwest US croplands, and forested regions of the Northeast, Southeast, and Pacific Northwest. The forward mode run with CarbonTracker produced good agreement between observed and simulated wintertime CO2 concentrations aggregated over eight measurement sites around North America, but overestimates of summertime concentrations that suggested an underestimation of summertime carbon uptake. As terrestrial NEP is the dominant offset to fossil fuel emission over North America, a good understanding of its spatial and temporal variation - as well as the fate of the carbon it sequesters is needed for a comprehensive view of the carbon cycle. C1 [Turner, David P.; Ritts, William D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jacobson, Andrew R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jacobson, Andrew R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wang, Weile L.; Nemani, Ramakrishna] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Turner, DP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david.turner@oregonstate.edu FU NASA [NNX09AL51G] FX This research was supported by the NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program (NNX09AL51G). Data from the AmeriFlux and FluxNet networks, the Biogeochemical Dynamics Distributed Active Archive Center, and the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center were essential for its completion. M. Zhao (University of Maryland) generously provided the filled MODIS Collection 5 FPAR product. We thank Arlyn Andrews and Ed Dlugokencky (NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory) and Doug Worthy (Environment Canada) for coordination of the CO2 measurement networks. NASA provided use of the NEX computing facility at the NASA Ames Laboratory. NR 87 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 64 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 19 IS 11 BP 3516 EP 3528 DI 10.1111/gcb.12313 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 233KL UT WOS:000325567100024 PM 23824790 ER PT J AU Smith, DA Holmes, SA Li, X Guillaume, S Wang, YM Burki, B Roman, DR Damiani, TM AF Smith, Dru A. Holmes, Simon A. Li, Xiaopeng Guillaume, Sebastien Wang, Yan Ming Buerki, Beat Roman, Daniel R. Damiani, Theresa M. TI Confirming regional 1 cm differential geoid accuracy from airborne gravimetry: the Geoid Slope Validation Survey of 2011 SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Geoid; GRAV-D; GSVS11; NAVD 88; Geoid accuracy; Airborne gravity; Geodetic surveying; Gravimetry; Deflections of the vertical; Astro-geodesy ID VERTICAL DEFLECTIONS; MODELS; GRAVITY; HEIGHTS AB A terrestrial survey, called the Geoid Slope Validation Survey of 2011 (GSVS11), encompassing leveling, GPS, astrogeodetic deflections of the vertical (DOV) and surface gravity was performed in the United States. The general purpose of that survey was to evaluate the current accuracy of gravimetric geoid models, and also to determine the impact of introducing new airborne gravity data from the 'Gravity for the Redefinition of the American Vertical Datum' (GRAV-D) project. More specifically, the GSVS11 survey was performed to determine whether or not the GRAV-D airborne gravimetry, flown at 11 km altitude, can reduce differential geoid error to below 1 cm in a low, flat gravimetrically uncomplicated region. GSVS11 comprises a 325 km traverse from Austin to Rockport in Southern Texas, and includes 218 GPS stations ( cm over any distance from 0.4 to 325 km) co-located with first-order spirit leveled orthometric heights ( cm end-to-end), including new surface gravimetry, and 216 astronomically determined vertical deflections . The terrestrial survey data were compared in various ways to specific geoid models, including analysis of RMS residuals between all pairs of points on the line, direct comparison of DOVs to geoid slopes, and a harmonic analysis of the differences between the terrestrial data and various geoid models. These comparisons of the terrestrial survey data with specific geoid models showed conclusively that, in this type of region (low, flat) the geoid models computed using existing terrestrial gravity, combined with digital elevation models (DEMs) and GRACE and GOCE data, differential geoid accuracy of 1 to 3 cm (1 over distances from 0.4 to 325 km were currently being achieved. However, the addition of a contemporaneous airborne gravity data set, flown at 11 km altitude, brought the estimated differential geoid accuracy down to 1 cm over nearly all distances from 0.4 to 325 km. C1 [Smith, Dru A.; Wang, Yan Ming; Roman, Daniel R.; Damiani, Theresa M.] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Holmes, Simon A.] SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Li, Xiaopeng] ERT Inc, Laurel, MD USA. [Guillaume, Sebastien; Buerki, Beat] ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Smith, DA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM Dru.Smith@noaa.gov RI Diehl, Theresa/K-2821-2012 OI Diehl, Theresa/0000-0002-3784-435X NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-7714 EI 1432-1394 J9 J GEODESY JI J. Geodesy PD NOV PY 2013 VL 87 IS 10-12 BP 885 EP 907 DI 10.1007/s00190-013-0653-0 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA 236RV UT WOS:000325817800002 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Yang, X AF Wang, Yan Ming Yang, Xu TI On the spherical and spheroidal harmonic expansion of the gravitational potential of the topographic masses SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Gravitational potential of topographic masses; Spherical and spheroidal harmonic expansion; Spheroidal harmonic expansion of the reciprocal distance; Harmonic downward continuation; Ellipsoidal correction to the topographic potential ID RECURSIVE COMPUTATION; GRAVITY-FIELD; ORDER AB This paper is devoted to the spherical and spheroidal harmonic expansion of the gravitational potential of the topographic masses in the most rigorous way. Such an expansion can be used to compute gravimetric topographic effects for geodetic and geophysical applications. It can also be used to augment a global gravity model to a much higher resolution of the gravitational potential of the topography. A formulation for a spherical harmonic expansion is developed without the spherical approximation. Then, formulas for the spheroidal harmonic expansion are derived. For the latter, Legendre's functions of the first and second kinds with imaginary variable are expanded in Laurent series. They are then scaled into two real power series of the second eccentricity of the reference ellipsoid. Using these series, formulas for computing the spheroidal harmonic coefficients are reduced to surface harmonic analysis. Two numerical examples are presented. The first is a spherical harmonic expansion to degree and order 2700 by taking advantage of existing software. It demonstrates that rigorous spherical harmonic expansion is possible, but the computed potential on the geoid shows noticeable error pattern at Polar Regions due to the downward continuation from the bounding sphere to the geoid. The second numerical example is the spheroidal expansion to degree and order 180 for the exterior space. The power series of the second eccentricity of the reference ellipsoid is truncated at the eighth order leading to omission errors of 25 nm (RMS) for land areas, with extreme values around 0.5 mm to geoid height. The results show that the ellipsoidal correction is 1.65 m (RMS) over land areas, with maximum value of 13.19 m in the Andes. It shows also that the correction resembles the topography closely, implying that the ellipsoidal correction is rich in all frequencies of the gravity field and not only long wavelength as it is commonly assumed. C1 [Wang, Yan Ming] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Yang, Xu] SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM Yan.Wang@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-7714 EI 1432-1394 J9 J GEODESY JI J. Geodesy PD NOV PY 2013 VL 87 IS 10-12 BP 909 EP 921 DI 10.1007/s00190-013-0654-z PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA 236RV UT WOS:000325817800003 ER PT J AU Lian, ZH Godil, A Sun, XF Xiao, JG AF Lian, Zhouhui Godil, Afzal Sun, Xianfang Xiao, Jianguo TI CM-BOF: visual similarity-based 3D shape retrieval using Clock Matching and Bag-of-Features SO MACHINE VISION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE 3D shape retrieval; Non-rigid; Bag-of-Features; Local feature ID OBJECT RETRIEVAL; MODEL RETRIEVAL; RECOGNITION; DISTRIBUTIONS; DESCRIPTOR; BENCHMARK; SURFACES; WORDS AB Content-based 3D object retrieval has become an active topic in many research communities. In this paper, we propose a novel visual similarity-based 3D shape retrieval method (CM-BOF) using Clock Matching and Bag-of-Features. Specifically, pose normalization is first applied to each object to generate its canonical pose, and then the normalized object is represented by a set of depth-buffer images captured on the vertices of a given geodesic sphere. Afterwards, each image is described as a word histogram obtained by the vector quantization of the image's salient local features. Finally, an efficient multi-view shape matching scheme (i.e., Clock Matching) is employed to measure the dissimilarity between two models. When applying the CM-BOF method in non-rigid 3D shape retrieval, multidimensional scaling (MDS) should be utilized before pose normalization to calculate the canonical form for each object. This paper also investigates several critical issues for the CM-BOF method, including the influence of the number of views, codebook, training data, and distance function. Experimental results on five commonly used benchmarks demonstrate that: (1) In contrast to the traditional Bag-of-Features, the time-consuming clustering is not necessary for the codebook construction of the CM-BOF approach; (2) Our methods are superior or comparable to the state of the art in applications of both rigid and non-rigid 3D shape retrieval. C1 [Lian, Zhouhui; Xiao, Jianguo] Peking Univ, Inst Comp Sci & Technol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Godil, Afzal] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sun, Xianfang] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales. RP Lian, ZH (reprint author), Peking Univ, Inst Comp Sci & Technol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM lianzhouhui@yahoo.com.cn; godil@nist.gov; Xianfang.Sun@cs.cardiff.ac.uk; xiaojianguo@pku.edu.cn OI Sun, Xianfang/0000-0002-6114-0766 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [61202230]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2012M510274]; SIMA program; Shape Metrology IMS FX This work has been supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61202230), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.: 2012M510274), the SIMA program and the Shape Metrology IMS. NR 60 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-8092 EI 1432-1769 J9 MACH VISION APPL JI Mach. Vis. Appl. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1685 EP 1704 DI 10.1007/s00138-013-0501-5 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 235ER UT WOS:000325699700008 ER PT J AU Vecherin, SN Ostashev, VE Fairall, CW Wilson, DK Bariteau, L AF Vecherin, Sergey N. Ostashev, Vladimir E. Fairall, Christopher W. Wilson, D. Keith Bariteau, Ludovic TI Sonic Anemometer as a Small Acoustic Tomography Array SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acoustic tomography; Small-scale turbulence; Sonic anemometer ID ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; TRAVEL-TIME TOMOGRAPHY AB The spatial resolution of a sonic anemometer is limited by the distance between its transducers, and for studies of small-scale turbulence and theories of turbulence, it is desirable to increase this spatial resolution. We here consider resolution improvements obtainable by treating the sonic anemometer as a small tomography array, with application of appropriate inverse algorithms for the reconstruction of temperature and velocity. A particular modification of the sonic anemometer is considered when the number of its transducers is doubled and the time-dependent stochastic inversion algorithm is used for reconstruction. Numerical simulations of the sonic anemometer and its suggested modification are implemented with the temperature and velocity fields modelled as discrete eddies moving through the sonic's volume. The tomographic approach is shown to provide better reconstructions of the temperature and velocity fields, with spatial resolution increased by as much as a factor of ten. The spatial resolution depends on the inverse algorithm and also improves by increasing the number of transducers. C1 [Vecherin, Sergey N.; Wilson, D. Keith] US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH USA. [Ostashev, Vladimir E.; Bariteau, Ludovic] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fairall, Christopher W.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ostashev, VE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Sergey.N.Vecherin@erdc.dren.mil; vladimir.ostashev@noaa.gov RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 FU U. S. Army Research Laboratory; U. S. Army Research Office [W911NF1010415] FX This material is based upon work supported in part by the U. S. Army Research Laboratory and the U. S. Army Research Office under contract/grant number W911NF1010415 to Dr. Ostashev. Permission to publish was granted by Director, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. We would like to thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments allowed us to improve the paper. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 149 IS 2 BP 165 EP 178 DI 10.1007/s10546-013-9843-9 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 228XG UT WOS:000325224800002 ER PT J AU Galimany, E Rose, JM Dixon, MS Wikfors, GH AF Galimany, Eve Rose, Julie M. Dixon, Mark S. Wikfors, Gary H. TI Quantifying Feeding Behavior of Ribbed Mussels (Geukensia demissa) in Two Urban Sites (Long Island Sound, USA) with Different Seston Characteristics SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Absorption efficiency; Aquaculture; Bivalve; Clearance rate; Shellfish ID BIVALVE SUSPENSION-FEEDERS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; CERASTODERMA-EDULE; ENERGY-BALANCE; SALT-MARSH; FOOD; GALLOPROVINCIALIS; FIELD; EUTROPHICATION; ECOSYSTEMS AB The Atlantic ribbed mussel, Geukensia demissa, is found in salt marshes along the North American Atlantic Coast. As a first step to study the possibility of future cultivation and harvest of ribbed mussels for nutrient removal from eutrophic urban environments, the feeding behavior of ribbed mussels in situ was studied from July to October 2011. Two locations approximately 80 km apart were used as study sites: Milford Harbor (Connecticut; 41A degrees 12'42.46aEuro(3)N, 73A degrees 3'7.75aEuro(3)W) and Hunts Point (Bronx, New York; 40A degrees 48'5.99aEuro(3)N, 73A degrees 52'17.76aEuro(3)W). Total particulate matter was higher at Hunts Point than at Milford Harbor, but the organic content was higher at Milford than at Hunts Point. The relatively low quantity of organic content in Hunts Point seston resulted in a much higher production of pseudofeces by mussels. Mussel clearance and absorption rates were higher at Milford Harbor than at Hunts Point. Nevertheless, mussels at both sites had the same absorption efficiency, suggesting that mussels are able to adapt to conditions at both locations. Ribbed mussels decreased clearance rate when the seston quantity was high at both sites. At Hunts Point, ribbed mussels increased the gut transit time of ingested particles when the amount of inorganic particulates in the water increased. This study does not quantify nutrient removal capacity of G. demissa; however, the environmental tolerance demonstrated here, and current lack of commercial harvest, suggests that this species may be a good candidate for nutrient bioextraction in highly impacted urban environments. C1 [Galimany, Eve; Rose, Julie M.; Dixon, Mark S.; Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Wikfors, GH (reprint author), NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM gary.wikfors@noaa.gov FU National Research Council; NOAA National Aquaculture Program FX This work was partially supported by a Research Associateship to the first author from the National Research Council with funding from Dr. Michael Rubino of the NOAA National Aquaculture Program. We would like to thank Robert Alix and Werner Schreiner for their indispensable help fabricating and modifying field sampling equipment. We would like to acknowledge Daphne Belfodil for her technical support in the field and laboratory. We also want to acknowledge Brian Giordano for allowing us to work at the Hunts Point site and being always so helpful. Last but not the least, we want to thank the staff and apprentices from Rocking the Boat. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD NOV PY 2013 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1265 EP 1273 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9633-0 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 227GP UT WOS:000325099900013 ER PT J AU Baskett, ML Burgess, SC Waples, RS AF Baskett, Marissa L. Burgess, Scott C. Waples, Robin S. TI Assessing strategies to minimize unintended fitness consequences of aquaculture on wild populations SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aquaculture; contemporary evolution; domestication selection; migration load; quantitative genetic model; Salmo salar ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; FARMED ATLANTIC SALMON; GENE FLOW; SELECTION; ADAPTATION; EXTINCTION; RIVER; FISH; INDIVIDUALS AB Artificial propagation programs focused on production, such as commercial aquaculture or forestry, entail strong domestication selection. Spillover from such programs can cause unintended fitness and demographic consequences for wild conspecifics. The range of possible management practices to minimize such consequences vary in their control of genetic and demographic processes. Here, we use a model of coupled genetic and demographic dynamics to evaluate alternative management approaches to minimizing unintended consequences of aquaculture escapees. We find that, if strong natural selection occurs between escape and reproduction, an extremely maladapted (i.e., nonlocal-origin, highly domesticated) stock could have fitness consequences analogous to a weakly diverged cultured stock; otherwise, wild population fitness declines with increasing maladaptation in the cultured stock. Reducing escapees through low-level leakage is more effective than reducing an analogous number of escapees from large, rare pulses. This result arises because low-level leakage leads to the continual lowering of wild population fitness and subsequent increased proportional contribution of maladapted cultured escapees to the total population. Increased sterilization efficacy can cause rapid, nonlinear reductions in unintended fitness consequences. Finally, sensitivity to the stage of escape indicates a need for improved monitoring data on how the number of escapees varies across life cycle stages. C1 [Baskett, Marissa L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Burgess, Scott C.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Waples, Robin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Baskett, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mlbaskett@ucdavis.edu RI Baskett, Marissa/P-1762-2014; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 OI Baskett, Marissa/0000-0001-6102-1110; FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0918984]; UC Davis Hellman Fellowship Program FX Conversations with and feedback from Walton Dickhoff and Kjetil Hindar contributed to the ideas presented here. Support for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation Award #DEB-0918984 and the UC Davis Hellman Fellowship Program to M.L.B. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 68 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 6 IS 7 BP 1090 EP 1108 DI 10.1111/eva.12089 PG 19 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 231ZU UT WOS:000325458000008 PM 24187590 ER PT J AU Black, BA Matta, ME Helser, TE Wilderbuer, TK AF Black, Bryan A. Matta, Mary E. Helser, Thomas E. Wilderbuer, Thomas K. TI Otolith biochronologies as multidecadal indicators of body size anomalies in yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera) SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; climate; dendrochronology; fish growth; otolith; sclerochronology ID GROWTH-INCREMENT CHRONOLOGIES; CLIMATE-DRIVEN SYNCHRONY; YELLOWTAIL ROCKFISH; BERING-SEA; EL-NINO; FOOD; FLAVIDUS; PACIFIC; FISHES; RATES AB Dendrochronology (tree-ring analysis) techniques have been increasingly applied to generate biochronologies from the otolith growth-increment widths of marine and freshwater fish species. These time series strongly relate to instrumental climate records and are presumed to reflect interannual variability in mean fish condition or size. However, the relationship of these otolith chronologies to fish somatic growth has not been well described. Here, this issue was addressed using yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera) in the eastern Bering Sea, for which a 43-yr otolith chronology was developed from 47 otoliths and compared with body size for 6943 individuals collected in 1987, 1994, and 1999 through 2006. Among several metrics of size normalized for age and sex, average body mass index (defined as weight/length) had the strongest relationship to the otolith chronology, especially when the chronology was averaged over the 5yr preceding fish capture date (R-2=0.88; P<0.001). Overall, sample-wide anomalies in otolith growth reflected sample-wide anomalies in body size. These findings suggest that otolith chronologies could be used as proxies of body size in data-poor regions or to hind-cast somatic growth patterns prior to the start of fisheries sampling programs. C1 [Black, Bryan A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Matta, Mary E.; Helser, Thomas E.; Wilderbuer, Thomas K.] NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Black, BA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, 750 Channel View Dr, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. EM bryan.black@utexas.edu RI Black, Bryan/A-7057-2009; OI Matta, Mary/0000-0003-1677-8418 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program FX This research was supported by a grant through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program. We thank the RACE and Fisheries Monitoring Analysis divisions of the AFSC for otolith collection. We thank T. Hurst, D. Somerton, and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 22 IS 6 BP 523 EP 532 DI 10.1111/fog.12036 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 227WV UT WOS:000325147300007 ER PT J AU Kacker, RN Kuhn, DR Lei, Y Lawrence, JF AF Kacker, Raghu N. Kuhn, D. Richard Lei, Yu Lawrence, James F. TI Combinatorial testing for software: An adaptation of design of experiments SO MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Computer security; Covering arrays; Design of experiments; Measurement; Metrology; Orthogonal arrays; Software engineering; Software testing ID COVERING ARRAYS; TEST-GENERATION; WEB APPLICATIONS; STRATEGY; STRENGTH AB Software has become increasingly ubiquitous in tools and methods used for science, engineering, medicine, commerce, and human interactions. Extensive testing is required to assure that software works correctly. Combinatorial testing is a versatile methodology which is useful in a broad range of situations to detect faults in software. It is based on the insight that while the behavior of a software system may be affected by a large number of factors, only a few factors are involved in a failure-inducing fault. We discuss the development of combinatorial testing for software as adaptation of design of experiment methods. Combinatorial testing began as pairwise testing in which first orthogonal arrays and then covering arrays were used to make sure that all pairs of the test settings were tested. Subsequent investigations of actual software failures showed that pairwise (2-way) testing may not always be sufficient and combinatorial t-way testing for t greater than 2 may be needed. Until recently efficient tools for generating test suites for combinatorial t-way testing were not widely available. Combinatorial testing has become practical because efficient and free downloadable tools with support of constraints have become available. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kacker, Raghu N.; Kuhn, D. Richard; Lawrence, James F.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lei, Yu] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Lawrence, James F.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Kacker, RN (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM raghu.kacker@nist.gov NR 71 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-2241 J9 MEASUREMENT JI Measurement PD NOV PY 2013 VL 46 IS 9 BP 3745 EP 3752 DI 10.1016/j.measurement.2013.02.021 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 216QK UT WOS:000324298700089 ER PT J AU Herrero, AM Blanchard, PT Bertness, KA AF Herrero, Andrew M. Blanchard, Paul T. Bertness, Kris A. TI Analysis of Contact Interfaces for Single GaN Nanowire Devices SO JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Physics; Issue 81; nanodevices (electronic); semiconductor materials; semiconductor device; GaN; nanowires; contacts; morphology AB Single GaN nanowire (NW) devices fabricated on SiO2 can exhibit a strong degradation after annealing due to the occurrence of void formation at the contact/SiO2 interface. This void formation can cause cracking and delamination of the metal film, which can increase the resistance or lead to a complete failure of the NW device. In order to address issues associated with void formation, a technique was developed that removes Ni/Au contact metal films from the substrates to allow for the examination and characterization of the contact/substrate and contact/NW interfaces of single GaN NW devices. This procedure determines the degree of adhesion of the contact films to the substrate and NWs and allows for the characterization of the morphology and composition of the contact interface with the substrate and nanowires. This technique is also useful for assessing the amount of residual contamination that remains from the NW suspension and from photolithographic processes on the NW-SiO2 surface prior to metal deposition. The detailed steps of this procedure are presented for the removal of annealed Ni/Au contacts to Mg-doped GaN NWs on a SiO2 substrate. C1 [Herrero, Andrew M.; Blanchard, Paul T.; Bertness, Kris A.] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bertness, KA (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kris.bertness@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1 ALEWIFE CENTER, STE 200, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02140 USA SN 1940-087X J9 JOVE-J VIS EXP JI J. Vis. Exp. PD NOV PY 2013 IS 81 AR UNSP e50738 DI 10.3791/50738 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V36RQ UT WOS:000209228900029 PM 24300746 ER PT J AU Givens, GH Beveridge, JR Phillips, PJ Draper, B Lui, YM Bolme, D AF Givens, G. H. Beveridge, J. R. Phillips, P. J. Draper, B. Lui, Y. M. Bolme, D. TI Introduction to face recognition and evaluation of algorithm performance SO COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Face recognition; Biometrics; Computer vision; Generalized linear mixed model; GLMM ID LINEAR MIXED MODELS; GRAND CHALLENGE; DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; LIKELIHOOD; INFERENCE; FEATURES; IMAGES; SYSTEM AB The field of biometric face recognition blends methods from computer science, engineering and statistics, however statistical reasoning has been applied predominantly in the design of recognition algorithms. A new opportunity for the application of statistical methods is driven by growing interest in biometric performance evaluation. Methods for performance evaluation seek to identify, compare and interpret how characteristics of subjects, the environment and images are associated with the performance of recognition algorithms. Some central topics in face recognition are reviewed for background and several examples of recognition algorithms are given. One approach to the evaluation problem is then illustrated with a generalized linear mixed model analysis of the Good, Bad, and Ugly Face Challenge, a pre-eminent face recognition dataset used to test state-of-the-art still-image face recognition algorithms. Findings include that (i) between-subject variation is the dominant source of verification heterogeneity when algorithm performance is good, and (ii) many covariate effects on verification performance are 'universal' across easy, medium and hard verification tasks. Although the design and evaluation of face recognition algorithms draw upon some familiar statistical ideas in multivariate statistics, dimension reduction, classification, clustering, binary response data, generalized linear models and random effects, the field also presents some unique features and challenges. Opportunities abound for innovative statistical work in this new field. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Givens, G. H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Beveridge, J. R.; Draper, B.; Lui, Y. M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Phillips, P. J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bolme, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Givens, GH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM geof@lamar.colostate.edu FU Technical Support Working Group (TSWG) [SC-AS-3181C]; Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) FX This work was supported by the Technical Support Working Group (TSWG) under Task SC-AS-3181C. P. Jonathon Phillips thanks the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) for their support of this work. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by Colorado State University and the National Institute of Standards. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9473 J9 COMPUT STAT DATA AN JI Comput. Stat. Data Anal. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 67 BP 236 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.csda.2013.05.025 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 203MJ UT WOS:000323297000018 ER PT J AU Halpern, BS Longo, C McLeod, KL Cooke, R Fischhoff, B Samhouri, JF Scarborough, C AF Halpern, Benjamin S. Longo, Catherine McLeod, Karen L. Cooke, Roger Fischhoff, Baruch Samhouri, Jameal F. Scarborough, Courtney TI Elicited preferences for components of ocean health in the California Current SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Expert judgment; Probabilistic inversion; Deliberative analytical; Marine spatial planning; Ecosystem-based management ID PROBABILISTIC INVERSION; STAKEHOLDER PREFERENCES; DELIBERATIVE METHOD; EXPERT JUDGMENT; MARINE AB As resource management efforts move towards more comprehensive approaches that spin multiple sectors and stakeholder groups, decision makers are faced with the challenge of deciding how important each group is, and how much weight their concerns should have, when making decisions. These decisions must be made transparently if they are to have credibility. This paper describes a systematic approach to eliciting such preferences, illustrated through a regional application of the Ocean Health Index in the California Current. The Index provides an ideal case study as it includes a comprehensive set of goals designed to-assess the benefits people derive from coasts and oceans. The approach leverages the strengths of two different methods for eliciting preferences, one based on random utility theory and the other on analytical deliberative methodologies. Results showed that the methods were accessible to individuals with diverse backgrounds and, in this case, revealed surprising consensus about fundamental values that may have been missed in deliberations around a specific action, rather than evaluating a spectrum of management priorities. Specifically, individuals, even extractive users, assigned higher weights to cultural and conservation goals compared to extractive ones. The approach offers a general procedure for eliciting explicit preferences through constructive deliberations among diverse stakeholders. (C) 2013 Elsevier-Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Halpern, Benjamin S.; Longo, Catherine; Scarborough, Courtney] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Halpern, Benjamin S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Marine Assessment & Planning, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [McLeod, Karen L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, COMPASS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Cooke, Roger] Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Fischhoff, Baruch] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Social & Decis Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Fischhoff, Baruch] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Engn & Publ Policy, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Samhouri, Jameal F.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Halpern, BS (reprint author), Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, 735 State St,Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. EM halpern@nceas.ucsb.edu NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 42 BP 68 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2013.01.019 PG 6 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 168DO UT WOS:000320686100009 ER PT J AU Squires, D Vestergaard, N AF Squires, Dale Vestergaard, Niels TI Technical change in fisheries SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Technical change; Induced; Bycatch saving technical change; Ecosystem based fisheries management; Gear development ID ECONOMICS; RESOURCE; STOCK AB Technical change in fisheries is an under-researched area in resource economics and management. This is surprising, because technical progress is the main driver of the development in fishing power and capacity. This article reviews the recent research and development in technology that have occurred in fisheries. New policy implications of introducing technical change into the standard bioeconomic model are illustrated. Bycatch saving technical change is critical to bycatch reduction and ecosystem based fisheries management, and optimal policies cost-effectively reduce bycatch, create incentives to induce bycatch saving technical change, and establish technology policy for research and development. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Squires, Dale] NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Vestergaard, Niels] Univ Southern Denmark, Dept Environm & Business Econ, DK-6700 Esbjerg, Denmark. [Vestergaard, Niels] Univ Southern Denmark, Ctr Fisheries & Aquaculture Management & Econ FAM, DK-6700 Esbjerg, Denmark. RP Vestergaard, N (reprint author), Univ Southern Denmark, Dept Environm & Business Econ, Niels Bohrs Vej 9, DK-6700 Esbjerg, Denmark. EM Dale.Squires@noaa.gov; nv@sam.sdu OI Vestergaard, Niels/0000-0001-9270-2461 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 42 BP 286 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2013.03.019 PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 168DO UT WOS:000320686100036 ER PT J AU Papadimitriou, VC McGillen, MR Smith, SC Jubb, AM Portmann, RW Hall, BD Fleming, EL Jackman, CH Burkholder, JB AF Papadimitriou, Vassileios C. McGillen, Max R. Smith, Shona C. Jubb, Aaron M. Portmann, Robert W. Hall, Bradley D. Fleming, Eric L. Jackman, Charles H. Burkholder, James B. TI 1,2-Dichlorohexafluoro-cyclobutane (1,2-c-C4F6Cl2, R-316c) a Potent Ozone Depleting Substance and Greenhouse Gas: Atmospheric Loss Processes, Lifetimes, and Ozone Depletion and Global Warming Potentials for the (E) and (Z) Stereoisomers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; IMPACT; O(D-1); 1,2-DICHLOROHEXAFLUOROCYCLOBUTANE; CHEMISTRY; EXCHANGE; CLIMATE; YIELDS; MODEL AB The atmospheric processing of (E)- and (Z)-1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (1,2-c-C4F6Cl2, R-316c) was examined in this work as the ozone depleting (ODP) and global warming (GWP) potentials of this proposed replacement compound are presently unknown. The predominant atmospheric loss processes and infrared absorption spectra of the R-316c isomers were measured to provide a basis to evaluate their atmospheric lifetimes and, thus, ODPs and GWPs. UV absorption spectra were measured between 184.95 to 230 nm at temperatures between 214 and 296 K and a parametrization for use in atmospheric modeling is presented. The Cl atom quantum yield in the 193 nm photolysis of R-316c was measured to be 1.90 +/- 0.27. Hexafluorocydobutene (c-C4F6) was determined to be a photolysis co-product with molar yields of 0.7 and 1.0 (+/-10%) for (E)- and (Z)-R-316c, respectively. The 296 K total rate coefficient for the O(D-1) + R-316c reaction, i.e., O(D-1) loss, was measured to be (1.56 +/- 0.11) X 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1)s(-1) and the reactive rate coefficient, i.e., R-316c loss, was measured to be (1.36 +/- 0.20) X 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) corresponding to a 88% reactive yield. Rate coefficient upper-limits for the OH and O-3 reaction with R-316c were determined to be <2.3 X 10(-17) and <2.0 x 10(-22) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), respectively, at 296 K The quoted uncertainty limits are 2 sigma and include estimated systematic errors. Local and global annually averaged lifetimes for the (E)- and (Z)-R-316c isomers were calculated using a 2-D atmospheric model to be 74.6 +/- 3 and 114.1 +/- 10 years, respectively, where the estimated uncertainties are due solely to the uncertainty in the UV absorption spectra. Stratospheric photolysis is the predominant atmospheric loss process for both isomers with the O(D-1) reaction making a minor, similar to 2% for the (E) isomer and 7% for the (Z) isomer, contribution to the total atmospheric loss. Ozone depletion potentials for (E)- and (Z)-R-316c were calculated using the 2-D model to be 0.46 and 0.54, respectively. Infrared absorption spectra for (E)- and (Z)-R-316c were measured at 296 K and used to estimate their radiative efficiencies (REs) and GWPs; 100-year time-horizon GWPs of 4160 and 5400 were obtained for (E)- and (Z)-R-316c, respectively. Both isomers of R-316c are shown in this work to be long-lived ozone depleting substances and potent greenhouse gases. C1 [Papadimitriou, Vassileios C.; McGillen, Max R.; Smith, Shona C.; Jubb, Aaron M.; Portmann, Robert W.; Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Papadimitriou, Vassileios C.; McGillen, Max R.; Smith, Shona C.; Jubb, Aaron M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Papadimitriou, Vassileios C.] Univ Crete, Dept Chem, Lab Photochem & Chem Kinet, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. [Hall, Bradley D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fleming, Eric L.; Jackman, Charles H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fleming, Eric L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov RI McGillen, Max/G-5196-2011; Jubb, Aaron/G-4538-2013; Jackman, Charles/D-4699-2012; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI McGillen, Max/0000-0002-1623-5985; Jubb, Aaron/0000-0001-6875-1079; Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087; Smith, Shona/0000-0001-7667-6216 FU NOAAs Climate Goal; NASAs Atmospheric Composition: Laboratory Studies and Modeling and Analysis Programs FX This work was supported in part by NOAAs Climate Goal and NASAs Atmospheric Composition: Laboratory Studies and Modeling and Analysis Programs. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 31 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 43 BP 11049 EP 11065 DI 10.1021/jp407823k PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 247HL UT WOS:000326608400007 PM 24079521 ER PT J AU Esnault, FX Blanshan, E Ivanov, EN Scholten, RE Kitching, J Donley, EA AF Esnault, F. -X. Blanshan, E. Ivanov, E. N. Scholten, R. E. Kitching, J. Donley, E. A. TI Cold-atom double-Lambda coherent population trapping clock SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE RAMAN TRANSITION; DARK RESONANCES; D1 LINE; CONTRAST; RB-87; BEAM; VAPOR; FIELD AB Miniature atomic clocks based on coherent population trapping (CPT) states in thermal atoms are an important component in many field applications, particularly where satellite frequency standards are not accessible. Cold-atom CPT clocks promise improved accuracy and stability over existing commercial technologies. Here we demonstrate a cold-atom CPT clock based on Rb-87 using a high-contrast double-Lambda configuration. Doppler frequency shifts are explained using a simple model and canceled by interrogating the atoms with counterpropagating light beams. We realize a compact cold-atom CPT clock with a fractional frequency stability of 4 x 10(-11) tau(-1/2), thus demonstrating the potential of these devices. We also show that the long-term stability is currently limited by the second-order Zeeman shift to 2 x 10(-12) at 1000 s. C1 [Esnault, F. -X.; Blanshan, E.; Kitching, J.; Donley, E. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Esnault, F. -X.] Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Ivanov, E. N.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Phys, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Scholten, R. E.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Donley, EA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM edonley@boulder.nist.gov RI Scholten, Robert/A-8586-2013 OI Scholten, Robert/0000-0002-2337-8036 FU NIST; DARPA FX This work is funded by NIST and DARPA. NIST is an agency of the U. S. government, and this work is not subject to copyright. The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this article are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies, either expressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or the Department of Defense. (Approved for public release by DARPA Release No. 21197, distribution unlimited.) NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 31 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 4 AR 042120 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.88.042120 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 244LE UT WOS:000326389100002 ER PT J AU D'Ortenzio, RM Dabkowska, HA Dunsiger, SR Gaulin, BD Gingras, MJP Goko, T Kycia, JB Liu, L Medina, T Munsie, TJ Pomaranski, D Ross, KA Uemura, YJ Williams, TJ Luke, GM AF D'Ortenzio, R. M. Dabkowska, H. A. Dunsiger, S. R. Gaulin, B. D. Gingras, M. J. P. Goko, T. Kycia, J. B. Liu, L. Medina, T. Munsie, T. J. Pomaranski, D. Ross, K. A. Uemura, Y. J. Williams, T. J. Luke, G. M. TI Unconventional magnetic ground state in Yb2Ti2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FRUSTRATED MAGNETS; SPIN LIQUIDS; HIDDEN ORDER; TRANSITION; PYROCHLORES; URU2SI2; ENTROPY; LATTICE AB We report low-temperature specific heat and positive muon spin relaxation/rotation (mu SR) measurements on both polycrystalline and single-crystal samples of the pyrochlore magnet Yb2Ti2O7. This material is believed to possess a spin Hamiltonian able to support a quantum spin ice (QSI) ground state. Yb2Ti2O7 displays sample variation in its low-temperature heat capacity and, while our two samples exhibit extremes of this variation, our mu SR measurements indicate a similar disordered low-temperature state down to 16 mK in both. We report little temperature dependence to the muon spin relaxation and no evidence for ferromagnetic order, in contrast to reports by Chang et al. [Nat. Comm. 3, 992 (2012)] and Yasui et al. [J. Phys. Soc. Japan. 72, 11 (2003)]. Transverse field (TF) mu SR measurements show changes in the temperature dependence of the muon Knight shift that coincide with heat capacity anomalies, which, incidentally, prove that the implanted muons are not diffusing in Yb2Ti2O7. From these results, we are led to propose that Yb2Ti2O7 enters an unconventional ground state below T-c similar to 265 mK. As found for all the current leading experimental candidates for a quantum spin liquid state, the precise nature of the state below T-c in Yb2Ti2O7 remains unknown and, at this time, defined by what is not as opposed to what it is: lacking simple periodic long-range order or a frozen spin glass state. C1 [D'Ortenzio, R. M.; Gaulin, B. D.; Medina, T.; Munsie, T. J.; Williams, T. J.; Luke, G. M.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Dabkowska, H. A.; Gaulin, B. D.; Luke, G. M.] McMaster Univ, Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Dunsiger, S. R.] Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E21, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Gaulin, B. D.; Gingras, M. J. P.; Luke, G. M.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. [Gingras, M. J. P.; Kycia, J. B.; Pomaranski, D.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Gingras, M. J. P.] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada. [Goko, T.; Liu, L.; Uemura, Y. J.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Ross, K. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ross, K. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ross, K. A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP D'Ortenzio, RM (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. EM luke@mcmaster.ca RI Luke, Graeme/A-9094-2010; Williams, Travis/A-5061-2016 OI Williams, Travis/0000-0003-3212-2726 FU NSERC; US NSF PIRE [OISE-0968226]; Canada Research Chair program; Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics through Industry Canada; Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development Innovation; [DMR-1105961] FX Research at McMaster University and University of Waterloo is supported by NSERC while research at Columbia is supported by the US NSF PIRE (OISE-0968226) and DMR-1105961 projects. We appreciate the technical support of B. Hitti and A. Dabkowski and the TRIUMF Centre for Molecular and Materials Science. This work is supported in part by the Canada Research Chair program (M.J.P.G., Tier 1) and by the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics through Industry Canada and by the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development & Innovation. NR 44 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 62 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 31 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 13 AR 134428 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.134428 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 244LF UT WOS:000326389200002 ER PT J AU Sapienza, L Malein, RNE Kuklewicz, CE Kremer, PE Srinivasan, K Griffiths, A Clarke, E Gong, M Warburton, RJ Gerardot, BD AF Sapienza, Luca Malein, Ralph N. E. Kuklewicz, Christopher E. Kremer, Peter E. Srinivasan, Kartik Griffiths, Andrew Clarke, Edmund Gong, Ming Warburton, Richard J. Gerardot, Brian D. TI Exciton fine-structure splitting of telecom-wavelength single quantum dots: Statistics and external strain tuning SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB In a charge-tunable device, we investigate the fine-structure splitting of neutral excitons in single long-wavelength (1.1 < lambda < 1.3 mu m) InGaAs quantum dots as a function of external uniaxial strain. Nominal fine-structure splittings between 16 and 136 mu eV are measured and manipulated. We observe varied responses of the splitting to the external strain, including positive and negative tuning slopes, different tuning ranges, and linear and parabolic dependencies, indicating that these physical parameters depend strongly on the unique microscopic structure of the individual quantum dot. To better understand the experimental results, we apply a phenomenological model describing the exciton polarization and fine-structure splitting under uniaxial strain. The model predicts that, with an increased experimental strain tuning range, the fine structure can be effectively canceled for select telecom-wavelength dots using uniaxial strain. These results are promising for the generation of on-demand entangled photon pairs at telecom wavelengths. C1 [Sapienza, Luca; Malein, Ralph N. E.; Kuklewicz, Christopher E.; Kremer, Peter E.; Gerardot, Brian D.] Heriot Watt Univ, SUPA, Inst Photon & Quantum Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Srinivasan, Kartik] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Griffiths, Andrew; Clarke, Edmund] Univ Sheffield, EPSRC Natl Ctr Technol 3 5, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. [Gong, Ming] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Warburton, Richard J.] Univ Basel, Dept Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. RP Sapienza, L (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM l.sapienza@soton.ac.uk; b.d.gerardot@hw.ac.uk RI Gong, Ming/A-3035-2012; OI Gerardot, Brian/0000-0002-0279-898X; Clarke, Edmund/0000-0002-8287-0282 FU Royal Society; EPSRC; ERC; NCCR QSIT; Hong Kong RGC/GRF [401512]; Hong Kong Scholars [XJ2011027] FX The authors would like to thank A. Dada for comments on the manuscript, and they acknowledge the financial support for this work from the Royal Society, EPSRC, the ERC, and NCCR QSIT. M.G. is supported in part by Hong Kong RGC/GRF (401512) and Hong Kong Scholars (XJ2011027). NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 47 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 31 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 15 AR 155330 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.155330 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 244LL UT WOS:000326389800005 ER PT J AU Wen, H Miao, HX Bennett, EE Adamo, NM Chen, L AF Wen, Han Miao, Houxun Bennett, Eric E. Adamo, Nick M. Chen, Lei TI Flexible Retrospective Phase Stepping in X-Ray Scatter Correction and Phase Contrast Imaging Using Structured Illumination SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM METHOD; FRINGE-PATTERN ANALYSIS; GRATING INTERFEROMETER; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; PRIMARY MODULATION; EXPOSURE; CT AB The development of phase contrast methods for diagnostic x-ray imaging is inspired by the potential of seeing the internal structures of the human body without the need to deposit any harmful radiation. An efficient class of x-ray phase contrast imaging and scatter correction methods share the idea of using structured illumination in the form of a periodic fringe pattern created with gratings or grids. They measure the scatter and distortion of the x-ray wavefront through the attenuation and deformation of the fringe pattern via a phase stepping process. Phase stepping describes image acquisition at regular phase intervals by shifting a grating in uniform steps. However, in practical conditions the actual phase intervals can vary from step to step and also spatially. Particularly with the advent of electromagnetic phase stepping without physical movement of a grating, the phase intervals are dependent upon the focal plane of interest. We describe a demodulation algorithm for phase stepping at arbitrary and position-dependent (APD) phase intervals without assuming a priori knowledge of the phase steps. The algorithm retrospectively determines the spatial distribution of the phase intervals by a Fourier transform method. With this ability, grating-based x-ray imaging becomes more adaptable and robust for broader applications. C1 [Wen, Han; Miao, Houxun; Bennett, Eric E.; Adamo, Nick M.] NHLBI, Imaging Phys Lab, Biochem & Biophys Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Chen, Lei] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wen, H (reprint author), NHLBI, Imaging Phys Lab, Biochem & Biophys Ctr, NIH, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM wenh@nhlbi.nih.gov RI Miao, Houxun/N-8233-2013; Wen, Han/G-3081-2010 OI Wen, Han/0000-0001-6844-2997 FU Division of Intramural Research of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH) (part of the U.S. Federal Government) FX The work is funded by the Division of Intramural Research of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH) (part of the U.S. Federal Government), with which all but one of the authors are affiliated. The research is performed as official duty in fulfilling the general Mission of NIH. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 31 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 10 AR e78276 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0078276 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 244FY UT WOS:000326373800017 PM 24205177 ER PT J AU Wilson, RM Anderson, BM Clark, CW AF Wilson, Ryan M. Anderson, Brandon M. Clark, Charles W. TI Meron Ground State of Rashba Spin-Orbit-Coupled Dipolar Bosons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM GASES; PHASE AB We study the effects of dipolar interactions on a Bose-Einstein condensate with synthetically generated Rashba spin-orbit coupling. The dipolar interaction we consider includes terms that couple spin and orbital angular momentum in a way perfectly congruent with the single-particle Rashba coupling. We show that this internal spin-orbit coupling plays a crucial role in the rich ground-state phase diagram of the trapped condensate. In particular, we predict the emergence of a thermodynamically stable ground state with a meron spin configuration. C1 [Wilson, Ryan M.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wilson, RM (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Anderson, Brandon/0000-0001-6895-9902 FU NRC postdoctoral fellowship; NSF under the Physics Frontiers Center [PHY0822671]; ARO Atomtronics MURI FX R.M.W. acknowledges support from an NRC postdoctoral fellowship. This work was partially supported by the NSF under the Physics Frontiers Center Grant No. PHY0822671 and the ARO Atomtronics MURI. NR 52 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 30 PY 2013 VL 111 IS 18 AR 185303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.185303 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 242XP UT WOS:000326279400007 PM 24237532 ER PT J AU Deng, L Zhu, CJ Hagley, EW Garrett, WR AF Deng, L. Zhu, Chengjie Hagley, E. W. Garrett, W. R. TI Suppression of directional light-wave mixing in normal and quantum gases SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; SUPERRADIANT RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; THIRD-HARMONIC GENERATION; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; 3RD-HARMONIC GENERATION; 3-PHOTON RESONANCE; 4-PHOTON RESONANCE; SODIUM VAPOR; INTERFERENCE; EXCITATION AB We discuss nonlinear optical processes in the presence of quantum gases. We show that, in contrast to a normal gas, where the medium "passively" participates in nonlinear optical processes, quantum gases "actively" interact with the wave mixing process by enforcing the properties arising from condensed matter physics on the generation and propagation of new light fields. This manifestation of condensed matter physics leads to intriguing suppression and enhancement effects in directional wave generation and propagation processes that have no counterpart in a normal gas. This opens a new chapter on light-matter-wave mixing and scattering: nonlinear optics with quantum gases. C1 [Deng, L.; Zhu, Chengjie; Hagley, E. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhu, Chengjie] E China Normal Univ, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Garrett, W. R.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Deng, L (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 30 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 4 AR 043642 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.88.043642 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 242VJ UT WOS:000326271200007 ER PT J AU Cramer, CE Lykke, KR Woodward, JT Smith, AW AF Cramer, C. E. Lykke, K. R. Woodward, J. T. Smith, A. W. TI Precise Measurement of Lunar Spectral Irradiance at Visible Wavelengths SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calibration; lunar spectral irradiance; moon; radiometry; remote sensing ID MOON; AEROSOL AB We report a measurement of lunar spectral irradiance with an uncertainty below 1% from 420 nm to 1000 nm. This measurement uncertainty meets the stability requirement for many climate data records derived from satellite images, including those for vegetation, aerosols, and snow and ice albedo. It therefore opens the possibility of using the Moon as a calibration standard to bridge gaps in satellite coverage and validate atmospheric retrieval algorithms. Our measurement technique also yields detailed information about the atmosphere at the measurement site, suggesting that lunar observations are a possible solution for aerosol monitoring during the polar winter and can provide nighttime measurements to complement aerosol data collected with sun photometers. Our measurement, made with a novel apparatus, is an order of magnitude more accurate than the previous state-of-the-art and has continuous spectral coverage, removing the need to interpolate between filter passbands. C1 [Cramer, C. E.; Lykke, K. R.; Woodward, J. T.; Smith, A. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Smith, A. W.] L 1 Stand & Technol Inc, New Windsor, MD 21776 USA. RP Cramer, CE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM claire.cramer@nist.gov; keith.lykke@nist.gov; john.woodward@nist.gov; alan.wren.smith@nist.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD OCT 29 PY 2013 VL 118 BP 396 EP 402 DI 10.6028/jres.118.020 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 251UU UT WOS:000326957000001 PM 26401440 ER PT J AU Zozulya, AA Anderson, DZ AF Zozulya, Alex A. Anderson, Dana Z. TI Principles of an atomtronic battery SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID TRAP AB An asymmetric atom trap is investigated as a means to implement a " battery" that supplies ultracold atoms to an atomtronic circuit. The battery model is derived from a scheme for continuous loading of a nondissipative atom trap proposed by Roos et al. [C. F. Roos, P. Cren, D. Guery-Odelin, and J. Dalibard, Europhys. Lett. 61, 187 (2003)]. The trap is defined by longitudinal and transverse trap frequencies f(z) and f(perpendicular to) and corresponding trap energy heights U-z and U-perpendicular to The battery's ability to supply power to a load is evaluated as a function of an input atom flux and power, I-in and P-in = I-in(1 + is an element of)U-z, respectively, where is an element of is an excess fractional energy. For given trap parameters, the battery is shown to have a resonantly optimum value of is an element of. The battery behavior can be cast in terms of an equivalent circuit model; specifically, for fixed input flux and power the battery is modeled in terms of a Thevenin equivalent chemical potential and internal resistance. The internal resistance establishes the maximum power that can be supplied to a circuit, the heat that will be generated by the battery, and the noise that will be imposed on the circuit. We argue that any means of implementing a battery for atomtronics can be represented by a Thevenin equivalent and that its performance will likewise be determined by an internal resistance. C1 [Zozulya, Alex A.] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. [Anderson, Dana Z.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, Dana Z.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, Dana Z.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Zozulya, AA (reprint author), Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, 100 Inst Rd, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. EM zozulya@wpi.edu FU Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-10-1-0135]; National Science Foundation through a Physics Frontier Center [PHY 1125844]; Charles Stark Draper Laboratories FX This work was supported by the Office of Scientific Research (Grant No. FA9550-10-1-0135), by the National Science Foundation through a Physics Frontier Center (Grant No. PHY 1125844), and by the Charles Stark Draper Laboratories. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 29 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 4 AR 043641 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.88.043641 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 242VH UT WOS:000326271000011 ER PT J AU Schwarz, JP Samset, BH Perring, AE Spackman, JR Gao, RS Stier, P Schulz, M Moore, FL Ray, EA Fahey, DW AF Schwarz, J. P. Samset, B. H. Perring, A. E. Spackman, J. R. Gao, R. S. Stier, P. Schulz, M. Moore, F. L. Ray, Eric A. Fahey, D. W. TI Global-scale seasonally resolved black carbon vertical profiles over the Pacific SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SIMULATIONS; TRANSPORT; AEROSOLS; MODELS AB Black carbon (BC) aerosol loadings were measured during the High-performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaign above the remote Pacific from 85 degrees N to 67 degrees S. Over 700 vertical profiles extending from near the surface to max similar to 14 km altitude were obtained with a single-particle soot photometer between early 2009 and mid-2011. The data provides a climatology of BC in the remote regions that reveals gradients of BC concentration reflecting global-scale transport and removal of pollution. BC is identified as a sensitive tracer of extratropical mixing into the lower tropical tropopause layer and trends toward surprisingly uniform loadings in the lower stratosphere of similar to 1 ng/kg. The climatology is compared to predictions from the AeroCom global model intercomparison initiative. The AeroCom model suite overestimates loads in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (similar to 10x) more severely than at lower altitudes (similar to 3x), with bias roughly independent of season or geographic location; these results indicate that it overestimates BC lifetime. C1 [Schwarz, J. P.; Perring, A. E.; Spackman, J. R.; Gao, R. S.; Ray, Eric A.; Fahey, D. W.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schwarz, J. P.; Perring, A. E.; Ray, Eric A.; Fahey, D. W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Samset, B. H.] CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Spackman, J. R.] Sci & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA. [Stier, P.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. [Schulz, M.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Moore, F. L.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Schwarz, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway R-CSD6, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM joshua.p.schwarz@noaa.gov RI schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Ray, Eric/D-5941-2013; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; Stier, Philip/B-2258-2008; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Ray, Eric/0000-0001-8727-9849; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Samset, Bjorn H./0000-0001-8013-1833 FU NSF [ATM-0628575]; NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program; NASA Radiation Sciences Program; NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program; European Research Council under the European Union [FP7-280025]; UK NERC Global Aerosol Synthesis and Science Project (GASSP) [NE/J022624/1] FX We thank the pilots and crew of the NSF/NCAR G-V for their important role in obtaining the data and the Harvard QCLS Science/Engineering team for the use of their N2O data. The HIPPO 1 mission was funded by NSF grant ATM-0628575. NOAA SP2 participation was supported by the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program, the NASA Radiation Sciences Program, and the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program. P. S. acknowledges support from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013), ERC grant agreement FP7-280025, and the UK NERC Global Aerosol Synthesis and Science Project (GASSP) NE/J022624/1. NR 16 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 28 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 20 BP 5542 EP 5547 DI 10.1002/2013GL057775 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 301DY UT WOS:000330514200038 ER PT J AU Rippard, W Pufall, M Kos, A AF Rippard, William Pufall, Matthew Kos, Anthony TI Time required to injection-lock spin torque nanoscale oscillators SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-LOCKING AB We have injection-locked a spin-transfer oscillator to a second-harmonic electrical input signal and measured the relative phase and amplitude of the device output as a function of DC current under steady-state conditions. The relative phase of the device varies quasi-linearly with DC bias, although the averaged amplitude decreases significantly outside of the spectrally determined locking range. By pulsing the injected microwaves, the time required for the device to phase-lock to the injected signal was measured as a function of microwave amplitude. The locking time varied quasi-linearly over the range of amplitudes studied, with the shortest locking times being a few nanoseconds. C1 [Rippard, William; Pufall, Matthew; Kos, Anthony] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Rippard, W (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 28 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 18 DI 10.1063/1.4821179 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 263NT UT WOS:000327816000001 ER PT J AU Zou, X Weng, F Zhang, B Lin, L Qin, Z Tallapragada, V AF Zou, X. Weng, F. Zhang, B. Lin, L. Qin, Z. Tallapragada, V. TI Impacts of assimilation of ATMS data in HWRF on track and intensity forecasts of 2012 four landfall hurricanes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB [1] This study demonstrates the added benefits of assimilating the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) radiances in the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) system to forecasts of four Atlantic hurricane cases that made landfall in 2012. In the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation data assimilation system, the HWRFmodel top is raised to similar to 0.5hPa and the cold start embedded in the HWRF system is changed to a warm start. The ATMS data quality control (QC) procedure is examined and illustrated for its effectiveness in removing cloudy radiances of all the 22 ATMS channels using primarily the information from ATMS channels 1 and 2. For each hurricane case, two pairs of data assimilation and forecasting experiments are carried out and compared with and without including ATMS data. The only difference between the two pairs of experiments is that the second pair also includes data from several other polar-orbiting satellite instruments. It is shown that ATMS data assimilation in HWRF results in a consistent positive impact on the track and intensity forecasts of the four landfall hurricanes. C1 [Zou, X.; Qin, Z.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 404 Love Bldg, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Weng, F.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Zhang, B.; Lin, L.] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD USA. [Lin, L.] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, College Pk, MD USA. [Qin, Z.] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Tallapragada, V.] NOAA, NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Zou, X (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 404 Love Bldg, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM zou@met.fsu.edu OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2010CB951600]; NOAA JPSS Proving Ground Program; NSF [AGS-1037936] FX Qin would like to acknowledge the support from Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology project 2010CB951600. This work was supported by NOAA JPSS Proving Ground Program and NSF project AGS-1037936. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 20 BP 11558 EP 11576 DI 10.1002/2013JD020405 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V45WS UT WOS:000209847300007 ER PT J AU Cao, CY Xiong, J Blonski, S Liu, QH Uprety, S Shao, X Bai, Y Weng, FZ AF Cao, Changyong Xiong, Jack Blonski, Slawomir Liu, Quanhua Uprety, Sirish Shao, Xi Bai, Yan Weng, Fuzhong TI Suomi NPP VIIRS sensor data record verification, validation, and long-term performance monitoring SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB [1] The successful launch of the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Satellite on 28 October 2011 with the key instrument Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite signifies a new era of moderate-resolution imaging capabilities following the legacy of AVHRR and Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). After a year and half of calibration and validation, the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument is performing very well. By early 2013, the sensor data records have achieved provisional maturity status and have been used in the routine production of more than 20 environmental data records by users worldwide. Based on comparisons with MODIS, the VIIRS reflective solar band radiometric uncertainties are now comparable in reflectance to that of MODIS Collection 6 equivalent bands (within 2%) although radiance differences could be larger for several bands, while an agreement on the order of 0.1 K has also been achieved for the thermal emissive bands, except for bands with significant spectral differences or certain bands at extreme temperatures (below 200 K or above 343 K). The degradation in the VIIRS rotating telescope assembly mirrors is gradually leveling off after reaching similar to 30% and thus far has limited impact on instrument performance and products. Environmental data record users are generally satisfied with the VIIRS data quality which meets the product requirements. While the specific technical details are documented in other papers in this special issue and in Cao et al. (2013a), this paper focuses on the major findings of VIIRS calibration and validation since launch, radiometric performance validation, and uncertainties, as well as lessons learned. C1 [Cao, Changyong; Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD USA. [Xiong, Jack] NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Blonski, Slawomir; Liu, Quanhua; Shao, Xi] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Uprety, Sirish] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bai, Yan] ERT Inc, College Pk, MD USA. RP Cao, CY (reprint author), 5825 Univ Res Ct,Suite 3250, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Changyong.Cao@noaa.gov RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 33 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 20 BP 11664 EP 11678 DI 10.1002/2013JD020418 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V45WS UT WOS:000209847300015 ER PT J AU Kong, GQ Han, ZD He, YB Ou, S Zhou, W Yildirim, T Krishna, R Zou, C Chen, BL Wu, CD AF Kong, Guo-Qiang Han, Zhi-Da He, Yabing Ou, Sha Zhou, Wei Yildirim, Taner Krishna, Rajamani Zou, Chao Chen, Banglin Wu, Chuan-De TI Expanded Organic Building Units for the Construction of Highly Porous Metal-Organic Frameworks SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE adsorption; gas storage; metal-organic frameworks; self-assembly; surface analysis ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE; HIGH H-2 ADSORPTION; SELECTIVE CO2 UPTAKE; HIGH METHANE UPTAKE; COORDINATION POLYMER; HIGH-PRESSURES; SURFACE-AREA; CO2/CH4/H-2 SEPARATIONS; POLYHEDRAL FRAMEWORKS; ASYMMETRIC CATALYSIS AB Two new organic building units that contain dicarboxylate sites for their self-assembly with paddle-wheel [Cu-2(CO2)(4)] units have been successfully developed to construct two isoreticular porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), ZJU-35 and ZJU-36, which have the same tbo topologies (Reticular Chemistry Structure Resource (RCSR) symbol) as HKUST-1. Because the organic linkers in ZJU-35 and ZJU-36 are systematically enlarged, the pores in these two new porous MOFs vary from 10.8 angstrom in HKUST-1 to 14.4 angstrom in ZJU-35 and 16.5 angstrom in ZJU-36, thus leading to their higher porosities with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas of 2899 and 4014 m(2) g(-1) for ZJU-35 and ZJU-36, respectively. High-pressure gas-sorption isotherms indicate that both ZJU-35 and ZJU-36 can take up large amounts of CH4 and CO2, and are among the few porous MOFs with the highest volumetric storage of CH4 under 60 bar and CO2 under 30 bar at room temperature. Their potential for high-pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen purification was also preliminarily examined and compared with several reported MOFs, thus indicating the potential of ZJU-35 and ZJU-36 for this important application. Studies show that most of the highly porous MOFs that can volumetrically take up the greatest amount of CH4 under 60 bar and CO2 under 30 bar at room temperature are those self-assembled from organic tetra-and hexacarboxylates that contain m-benzenedicarboxylate units with the [Cu-2(CO2)(4)] units, because this series of MOFs can have balanced porosities, suitable pores, and framework densities to optimize their volumetric gas storage. The realization of the two new organic building units for their construction of highly porous MOFs through their self-assembly with [Cu-2(CO2)(4)] units has provided great promise for the exploration of a large number of new tetra-and hexacarboxylate organic linkers based on these new organic building units in which different aromatic backbones can be readily incorporated into the frameworks to tune their porosities, pore structures, and framework densities, thus targeting some even better performing MOFs for very high gas storage and efficient gas separation under high pressure and at room temperature in the near future. C1 [Kong, Guo-Qiang; Han, Zhi-Da; Ou, Sha; Zou, Chao; Wu, Chuan-De] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Chem High Performance & Novel Mat, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. [He, Yabing; Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhou, Wei; Yildirim, Taner] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Krishna, Rajamani] Univ Amsterdam, Van t Hoff Inst Mol Sci, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Krishna, R (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Van t Hoff Inst Mol Sci, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM r.krishna@uva.nl; banglin.chen@utsa.edu; cdwu@zju.edu.cn RI Krishna, Rajamani/A-1098-2012; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Zou, Chao/J-9952-2012; Wu, Chuan-De/B-7546-2013; He, Yabing/H-3314-2012; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010 OI Krishna, Rajamani/0000-0002-4784-8530; Zou, Chao/0000-0001-8569-3747; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21073158, J1210042]; Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [Z4100038]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2013FZA3006]; Welch Foundation [AX-1730]; DOE-BES [DE-FG02-08ER46522] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 21073158 and J1210042), Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. Z4100038), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (grant no. 2013FZA3006) and Welch Foundation AX-1730 (B.C.), and partially supported by DOE-BES grant no. DE-FG02-08ER46522 (T.Y.). We thank Michael O'Keeffe for the very constructive discussions. NR 152 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 6 U2 124 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 EI 1521-3765 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PD OCT 25 PY 2013 VL 19 IS 44 BP 14886 EP 14894 DI 10.1002/chem.201302515 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AA7TU UT WOS:000331300600018 PM 24115143 ER PT J AU Lee, YT Kibira, D Feeney, AB Marshall, J AF Lee, Y. Tina Kibira, Deogratias Feeney, Allison Barnard Marshall, Jennifer TI Ambulance Design Survey 2011: A Summary Report SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ambulance; design; emergency medical services (EMS); emergency medical technician (EMT); modeling and simulation; patient compartment; performance; safety; standard; survey. ID EMERGENCY; CARE AB Current ambulance designs are ergonomically inefficient and often times unsafe for practical treatment response to medical emergencies. Thus, the patient compartment of a moving ambulance is a hazardous working environment. As a consequence, emergency medical services (EMS) workers suffer fatalities and injuries that far exceed those of the average work place in the United States. To reduce injury and mortality rates in ambulances, the Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate has teamed with the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and BMT Designers & Planners in a joint project to produce science-based ambulance patient compartment design standards. This project will develop new crash-safety design standards and improved user-design interface guidance for patient compartments that are safer for EMS personnel and patients, and facilitate improved patient care. The project team has been working with practitioners, EMS workers' organizations, and manufacturers to solicit needs and requirements to address related issues. This paper presents an analysis of practitioners' concerns, needs, and requirements for improved designs elicited through the web-based survey of ambulance design, held by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. This paper also introduces the survey, analyzes the survey results, and discusses recommendations for future ambulance patient compartments design. C1 [Lee, Y. Tina; Kibira, Deogratias; Feeney, Allison Barnard; Marshall, Jennifer] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, YT (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yung-tsun.lee@nist.gov; deogratias.kibira@nist.gov; allison.barnardfeeney@nist.gov; jennifer.marshall@nist.gov FU U. S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate (DHS S& T) Resilient Systems Division; Human Factors/Behavioral Sciences Division; First Responders Group sponsored the production of this material under Interagency [HSHQDC-11-X-00049]; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX The U. S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate (DHS S& T) Resilient Systems Division (formerly the Human Factors/Behavioral Sciences Division) and First Responders Group sponsored the production of this material under Interagency Agreement HSHQDC-11-X-00049 with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NIST would like to thank the Department of Interior for their guidance and securing the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) clearance of the survey in compliance with the Paperwork Reduction Act, and the CFI Group who hosted the survey, collected data, and drafted the raw survey report. The authors wish to thank Jon Cioffi of CFI Group for his contribution to the success of the survey and for his timely and comprehensive reporting of survey results. Most importantly, the authors want to thank those who participated in the survey; their input has been truly valuable to this entire effort. The work described herein was funded by the United States Government and is not subject to copyright. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD OCT 25 PY 2013 VL 118 BP 381 EP 395 DI 10.6028/jres.118.019 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 251UT UT WOS:000326956900001 PM 26401439 ER PT J AU Hubbard, JB Lund, SP Halter, M AF Hubbard, Joseph B. Lund, Steven P. Halter, Michael TI Boltzmann's H-Function and Diffusion Processes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID THEOREM AB There exists a generalization of Boltzmann's H-function that allows for nonuniformly populated stationary states, which may exist far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Here we describe a method for obtaining a generalized or collective diffusion coefficient D directly from this H-function, the only constraints being that the relaxation process is Markov (short memory), continuous in the reaction coordinate, and local in the sense of a flux/force relationship. As an application of this H-function method, we simulate the self-consistent extraction of D via Langevin/Fokker-Planck (L/FP) dynamics on various potential energy landscapes. We observe that the initial epoch of relaxation, which is far removed from the stationary state, provides the most reliable estimates of D. The construction of an H-function that guarantees conformity with the second law of thermodynamics has been generalized to allow for diffusion coefficients that may depend on both the reaction coordinate and time, and the extension to an arbitrary number of reaction coordinates is straightforward. For this multidimensional case, the diffusion tensor must be positive definite in the sense that its eigenvalues must be real and positive. To illustrate the behavior of the proposed collective diffusion coefficient, we simulate the H-function for a variety of Langevin systems. In particular, the impacts on H and D of landscape shape, sample size, selection of an initial distribution, finite dynamic observation range, stochastic correlations, and short/long-term memory effects are examined. C1 [Hubbard, Joseph B.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lund, Steven P.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Halter, Michael] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hubbard, JB (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.hubbard@nist.gov; steven.lund@nist.gov; michael.halter@nist.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 EI 1520-5207 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 24 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 42 BP 12836 EP 12843 DI 10.1021/jp4020542 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 242RN UT WOS:000326259800019 PM 23675822 ER PT J AU Lee, CH Orloff, ND Birol, T Zhu, Y Goian, V Rocas, E Haislmaier, R Vlahos, E Mundy, JA Kourkoutis, LF Nie, YF Biegalski, MD Zhang, JS Bernhagen, M Benedek, NA Kim, Y Brock, JD Uecker, R Xi, XX Gopalan, V Nuzhnyy, D Kamba, S Muller, DA Takeuchi, I Booth, JC Fennie, CJ Schlom, DG AF Lee, Che-Hui Orloff, Nathan D. Birol, Turan Zhu, Ye Goian, Veronica Rocas, Eduard Haislmaier, Ryan Vlahos, Eftihia Mundy, Julia A. Kourkoutis, Lena F. Nie, Yuefeng Biegalski, Michael D. Zhang, Jingshu Bernhagen, Margitta Benedek, Nicole A. Kim, Yongsam Brock, Joel D. Uecker, Reinhard Xi, X. X. Gopalan, Venkatraman Nuzhnyy, Dmitry Kamba, Stanislav Muller, David A. Takeuchi, Ichiro Booth, James C. Fennie, Craig J. Schlom, Darrell G. TI Exploiting dimensionality and defect mitigation to create tunable microwave dielectrics SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID NETWORK-ANALYZER CALIBRATION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; THIN-FILMS; DEPENDENCE; TITANIUM; DEVICES; SRTIO3; OXIDES; FERROELECTRICITY; DISPERSION AB The miniaturization and integration of frequency-agile microwave circuits-relevant to electronically tunable filters, antennas, resonators and phase shifters-with microelectronics offers tantalizing device possibilities, yet requires thin films whose dielectric constant at gigahertz frequencies can be tuned by applying a quasi-static electric field(1). Appropriate systems such as BaxSr1-xTiO3 have a paraelectric-ferroelectric transition just below ambient temperature, providing high tunability(1-3). Unfortunately, such films suffer significant losses arising from defects. Recognizing that progress is stymied by dielectric loss, we start with a system with exceptionally low loss-Srn+1TinO3n+1 phases(4,5)-in which (SrO)(2) crystallographic shear(6,7) planes provide an alternative to the formation of point defects for accommodating non-stoichiometry(8,9). Here we report the experimental realization of a highly tunable ground state arising from the emergence of a local ferroelectric instability(10) in biaxially strained Srn+1TinO3n+1 phases with n >= 3 at frequencies up to 125 GHz. In contrast to traditional methods of modifying ferroelectrics-doping(1-3,11,12) or strain(13-16)-in this unique system an increase in the separation between the (SrO)(2) planes, which can be achieved by changing n, bolsters the local ferroelectric instability. This new control parameter, n, can be exploited to achieve a figure of merit at room temperature that rivals all known tunable microwave dielectrics(3). C1 [Lee, Che-Hui; Nie, Yuefeng; Zhang, Jingshu; Schlom, Darrell G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lee, Che-Hui; Haislmaier, Ryan; Vlahos, Eftihia; Gopalan, Venkatraman] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Orloff, Nathan D.; Booth, James C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Orloff, Nathan D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Birol, Turan; Zhu, Ye; Mundy, Julia A.; Kourkoutis, Lena F.; Kim, Yongsam; Brock, Joel D.; Muller, David A.; Fennie, Craig J.] Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Goian, Veronica; Nuzhnyy, Dmitry; Kamba, Stanislav] Inst Phys ASCR, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. [Rocas, Eduard] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Kourkoutis, Lena F.; Muller, David A.; Schlom, Darrell G.] Kavli Inst Cornell Nanoscale Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Biegalski, Michael D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bernhagen, Margitta; Uecker, Reinhard] Leibniz Inst Crystal Growth, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Benedek, Nicole A.] Univ Texas Austin, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Xi, X. X.] Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Takeuchi, Ichiro] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Schlom, DG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM schlom@cornell.edu RI Nie, Yuefeng/A-1595-2013; Birol, Turan/D-1948-2012; Kamba, Stanislav/G-5332-2014; Nie, Yuefeng/L-8071-2013; Zhu, Ye/A-1844-2011; Goian, Veronica/G-6154-2014; Nuzhnyy, Dmitry/G-6661-2014; OI Nie, Yuefeng/0000-0002-3449-5393; Birol, Turan/0000-0001-5174-3320; Kamba, Stanislav/0000-0003-4699-869X; Nie, Yuefeng/0000-0002-3449-5393; Zhu, Ye/0000-0002-5217-493X; Goian, Veronica/0000-0002-7971-2224; Orloff, Nathan/0000-0001-5391-4699; Muller, David/0000-0003-4129-0473; Kourkoutis, Lena/0000-0002-1303-1362 FU Army Research Office (ARO) [W911NF-09-1-0415, W911NF-12-1-0437, W911NF-10-1-0345]; National Science Foundation (NSF) through Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (MRSEC) [DMR-0820404, DMR-1120296]; Czech Science Foundation [P204/12/1163]; Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports [LD12026]; Spanish Government; European Union [EUI-ENIAC-2011-4349, EUI-ENIAC 2010-04252]; NSF [DMR-0820404]; National Defense Science & Engineering Graduate Fellowship; Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy; National Science Foundation [ECCS-0335765]; NSF MRSEC programme [DMR 1120296, NSF IMR-0417392] FX We acknowledge discussions with S. Trolier-McKinstry and C. A. Randall. Research was supported by Army Research Office (ARO) grants W911NF-09-1-0415 (for C.-H. L., Y. Z., J. A. M. and D. A. M.), W911NF-12-1-0437 (for Y. N., J. Z. and D. G. S.) and W911NF-10-1-0345 (for T. B., N. A. B. and C. J. F.); by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (MRSEC) grants DMR-0820404 (for R. H., E. V., X. X. X. and V. G.) and DMR-1120296 (for Y. K., J. D. B. and L. F. K.); by the Czech Science Foundation Project no. P204/12/1163 and the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports project LD12026 (for V. G., D. N. and S. K.); and by the Spanish Government and the European Union through grants EUI-ENIAC-2011-4349 and EUI-ENIAC 2010-04252 (for E. R.). C.-H. L. acknowledges stipend support from NSF grant DMR-0820404. J. A. M. acknowledges financial support from a National Defense Science & Engineering Graduate Fellowship. The dielectric and ferroelectric measurements in Fig. 3c were conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. This work was performed in part at the Cornell NanoScale Factory, a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (grant ECCS-0335765). This work made use of the electron microscopy facility of the Cornell Center for Materials Research (CCMR) with support fromthe NSF MRSEC programme (DMR 1120296) and NSF IMR-0417392. NR 47 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 23 U2 247 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 24 PY 2013 VL 502 IS 7472 BP 532 EP + DI 10.1038/nature12582 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 238YN UT WOS:000325988400050 PM 24132232 ER PT J AU Putman, NF Mansfield, KL He, RY Shaver, DJ Verley, P AF Putman, Nathan F. Mansfield, Katherine L. He, Ruoying Shaver, Donna J. Verley, Philippe TI Predicting the distribution of oceanic-stage Kemp's ridley sea turtles SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ocean circulation model; distribution; movement ecology; sea turtle; Gulf of Mexico ID DISPERSAL; MODEL; TRANSPORT; PARADIGM; ECOLOGY AB The inaccessibility of open ocean habitat and the cryptic nature of small animals are fundamental problems when assessing the distribution of oceanic-stage sea turtles and other marine animals sharing similar life-history traits. Most methods that estimate patterns of abundance cannot be applied in situations that are extremely data limited. Here, we use a movement ecology framework to generate the first predicted distributions for the oceanic stage of the Kemp's ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii). Our simulations of particle dispersal within ocean circulation models reveal substantial annual variation in distribution and survival among simulated cohorts. Such techniques can help prioritize areas for conservation, and supply inputs for more realistic demographic models attempting to characterize population trends. C1 [Putman, Nathan F.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mansfield, Katherine L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [He, Ruoying] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Shaver, Donna J.] Padre Isl Natl Seashore, Div Sea Turtle Sci & Recovery, Corpus Christi, TX 78480 USA. [Verley, Philippe] IRD, UMR EME Exploited Marine Ecosyst 212, Ctr Rech Halieut Mediterraneenne & Trop, Sete, France. RP Putman, NF (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM nathan.putman@gmail.com FU NOAA [IOOS-2011-2002515]; NASA [09-IDS09-0040]; GRI GISR grant [12-09/GoMRI-006] FX K.L.M. was supported by the NOAA Oil Spill Supplemental Spend Plan. R. H. was supported by NASA grant no. 09-IDS09-0040, NOAA grant no. IOOS-2011-2002515 and GRI GISR grant no. 12-09/GoMRI-006. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 46 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 EI 1744-957X J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD OCT 23 PY 2013 VL 9 IS 5 AR 20130345 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2013.0345 PG 5 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 297XY UT WOS:000330289600037 PM 23945206 ER PT J AU Wang, J Barkan, J Fisler, S Godinez-Reyes, C Swimmer, Y AF Wang, John Barkan, Joel Fisler, Shara Godinez-Reyes, Carlos Swimmer, Yonat TI Developing ultraviolet illumination of gillnets as a method to reduce sea turtle bycatch SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE sea turtles; bycatch; gillnets; UV vision ID LONGLINE FISHERIES AB Fisheries bycatch of marine animals has been linked to population declines of multiple species, including many sea turtles. Altering the visual cues associated with fishing gear may reduce sea turtle bycatch. We examined the effectiveness of illuminating gillnets with ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes for reducing green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) interactions. We found that the mean sea turtle capture rate was reduced by 39.7% in UV-illuminated nets compared with nets without illumination. In collaboration with commercial fishermen, we tested UV net illumination in a bottom-set gillnet fishery in Baja California, Mexico. We did not find any difference in overall target fish catch rate or market value between net types. These findings suggest that UV net illumination may have applications in coastal and pelagic gillnet fisheries to reduce sea turtle bycatch. C1 [Wang, John] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Barkan, Joel; Fisler, Shara] Ocean Discovery Inst, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. [Godinez-Reyes, Carlos] Comis Nacl Areas Nat Protegidas, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Swimmer, Yonat] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM john.wang@noaa.gov FU NOAA; World Wildlife Fund; Ocean Discovery Institute; International Seafood Sustainability Foundation; National Science Foundation [GEO-0914711]; UH-JIMAR [NA17RJ1230] FX This work was supported by NOAA, World Wildlife Fund, Ocean Discovery Institute, the International Seafood Sustainability Foundation, National Science Foundation (award ID: GEO-0914711), and UH-JIMAR (cooperative agreement NA17RJ1230). NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 27 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 EI 1744-957X J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD OCT 23 PY 2013 VL 9 IS 5 AR 20130383 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2013.0383 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 297XY UT WOS:000330289600038 PM 23883577 ER PT J AU Corzo, NV Glorieux, Q Marino, AM Clark, JB Glasser, RT Lett, PD AF Corzo, Neil V. Glorieux, Quentin Marino, Alberto M. Clark, Jeremy B. Glasser, Ryan T. Lett, Paul D. TI Rotation of the noise ellipse for squeezed vacuum light generated via four-wave mixing SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HOT RUBIDIUM VAPOR; GRAVITATIONAL-RADIATION; QUANTUM LIMITS; INTERFEROMETER; STATES AB We report the generation of a squeezed vacuum state of light whose noise ellipse rotates as a function of the detection frequency. The squeezed state is generated via a four-wave mixing process in a vapor of Rb-85. We observe that rotation varies with experimental parameters such as pump power and laser detunings. We use a theoretical model based on the Heisenberg-Langevin formalism to describe this effect. Our model can be used to investigate the parameter space and potentially to tailor the ellipse rotation in order to obtain an optimum squeezing angle, for example, for coupling to an interferometer whose optimal noise quadrature varies with frequency. C1 [Corzo, Neil V.; Glorieux, Quentin; Clark, Jeremy B.; Glasser, Ryan T.; Lett, Paul D.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Corzo, Neil V.; Glorieux, Quentin; Clark, Jeremy B.; Glasser, Ryan T.; Lett, Paul D.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Corzo, Neil V.] Northwestern Univ, Dept EECS, Ctr Photon Commun & Comp, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Glorieux, Quentin] Univ Geneva, Appl Phys Grp, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Marino, Alberto M.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Homer L Dodge Dept, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Corzo, NV (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM quentin.glorieux@nist.gov; paul.lett@nist.gov RI Glorieux, Quentin/K-4875-2012 OI Glorieux, Quentin/0000-0003-0903-0233 FU AFSOR; Physics Frontier Center of the Joint Quantum Institute; Marie Curie IOF FP7 Program [Multimem 300632] FX This work is supported by AFSOR and the Physics Frontier Center of the Joint Quantum Institute. Q.G. is supported by the Marie Curie IOF FP7 Program (Multimem 300632). NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 23 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 4 AR 043836 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.88.043836 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 240FH UT WOS:000326079800004 ER PT J AU Weiler, M Althammer, M Schreier, M Lotze, J Pernpeintner, M Meyer, S Huebl, H Gross, R Kamra, A Xiao, J Chen, YT Jiao, HJ Bauer, GEW Goennenwein, STB AF Weiler, Mathias Althammer, Matthias Schreier, Michael Lotze, Johannes Pernpeintner, Matthias Meyer, Sibylle Huebl, Hans Gross, Rudolf Kamra, Akashdeep Xiao, Jiang Chen, Yan-Ting Jiao, HuJun Bauer, Gerrit E. W. Goennenwein, Sebastian T. B. TI Experimental Test of the Spin Mixing Interface Conductivity Concept SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPINTRONICS AB We perform a quantitative, comparative study of the spin pumping, spin Seebeck, and spin Hall magnetoresistance effects, all detected via the inverse spin Hall effect in a series of over 20 yttrium iron garnet/Pt samples. Our experimental results fully support present, exclusively spin current-based, theoretical models using a single set of plausible parameters for spin mixing conductance, spin Hall angle, and spin diffusion length. Our findings establish the purely spintronic nature of the aforementioned effects and provide a quantitative description, in particular, of the spin Seebeck effect. C1 [Weiler, Mathias; Althammer, Matthias; Schreier, Michael; Lotze, Johannes; Pernpeintner, Matthias; Meyer, Sibylle; Huebl, Hans; Gross, Rudolf; Goennenwein, Sebastian T. B.] Bayer Akad Wissensch, Walther Meissner Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Gross, Rudolf] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Kamra, Akashdeep; Chen, Yan-Ting; Jiao, HuJun; Bauer, Gerrit E. W.] Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. [Xiao, Jiang] Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Xiao, Jiang] Fudan Univ, State Key Lab Surface Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Bauer, Gerrit E. W.] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Bauer, Gerrit E. W.] Tohoku Univ, WPI AIMR, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Weiler, M (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM goennenwein@wmi.badw.de RI Xiao, Jiang/B-1832-2008; Gross, Rudolf/A-6227-2012; Bauer, Gerrit/F-8273-2010; Weiler, Mathias/H-4266-2016; Althammer, Matthias/L-4623-2016; Huebl, Hans/B-2485-2017 OI Xiao, Jiang/0000-0002-3245-3579; Gross, Rudolf/0000-0003-4524-7552; Bauer, Gerrit/0000-0002-3615-8673; Althammer, Matthias/0000-0003-1625-6054; Huebl, Hans/0000-0003-3023-5209 FU DFG via SPP 1538 "Spin Caloric Transport" [GO 944/4-1]; Dutch FOM Foundation; EC Project "Macalo"; National Natural Science Foundation of China [11004036, 91121002]; Kakenhi [25247056]; German Excellence Initiative via the "Nanosystems Initiative Munich" (NIM) FX Financial support from the DFG via SPP 1538 "Spin Caloric Transport", Project No. GO 944/4-1, the Dutch FOM Foundation, EC Project "Macalo", the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11004036, No. 91121002), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research A (Kakenhi) 25247056 and the German Excellence Initiative via the "Nanosystems Initiative Munich" (NIM) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 44 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 6 U2 104 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 23 PY 2013 VL 111 IS 17 AR 176601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.176601 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 241EE UT WOS:000326148400011 PM 24206509 ER PT J AU Zhu, CJ Deng, L Hagley, EW Ge, ML AF Zhu, Chengjie Deng, L. Hagley, E. W. Ge, Mo-Lin TI Optical cloaking using alternate Raman gain and free-space media in the presence of spatially distributed pump fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BEAM DEFLECTION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; LIGHT; SYSTEM; VAPOR AB We discuss an optical "cloaking" scheme using three-level active Raman gain media in tandem in the presence of a spatially distributed pump field. Using eikonal approximation we first derive analytically the deflection angle and show that the trajectory of light can be controlled dynamically using a spatially distributed pump. We further show an excellent agreement of analytical results with a full numerical calculation of the Maxwell equation for the probe field propagating across regions where an object is embedded. Our results show that the probe light travels around the object under detection, achieving the desired spatial cloaking of the object. C1 [Zhu, Chengjie] E China Normal Univ, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Chengjie; Deng, L.; Hagley, E. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ge, Mo-Lin] Nankai Univ, Chern Inst Math, Theoret Phys Div, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. RP Zhu, CJ (reprint author), E China Normal Univ, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. FU NSF-China [10874043, 11174080]; Chinese Education Ministry Reward for Excellent Doctors in Academics [MXRZZ2010007] FX C.J.Z. acknowledge the supported by NSF-China under Grants No. 10874043 and No. 11174080, and by the Chinese Education Ministry Reward for Excellent Doctors in Academics under Grant No. MXRZZ2010007. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 22 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 4 AR 045804 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.88.045804 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 240FE UT WOS:000326079500006 ER PT J AU Maghrebi, MF Golestanian, R Kardar, M AF Maghrebi, Mohammad F. Golestanian, Ramin Kardar, Mehran TI Quantum Cherenkov radiation and noncontact friction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELD; MOVING MIRROR; SPACE; QUANTIZATION; FORCES; MOTION; PLATES AB We present a number of arguments to demonstrate that a quantum analog of the Cherenkov effect occurs when two nondispersive half spaces are in relative motion. We show that they experience friction beyond a threshold velocity which, in their center-of-mass frame, is the phase speed of light within their medium, and the loss in mechanical energy is radiated through the medium before getting fully absorbed in the form of heat. By deriving various correlation functions inside and outside the two half spaces, we explicitly compute this radiation and discuss its dependence on the reference frame. C1 [Maghrebi, Mohammad F.] MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Maghrebi, Mohammad F.; Kardar, Mehran] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Golestanian, Ramin] Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. RP Maghrebi, MF (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER41360]; National Science Foundation [DMR12-06323, NSF PHY11-25915] FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under a cooperative research agreement, Contract No. DE-FG02-05ER41360 (M. F. M.), and the National Science Foundation under Grants No. DMR12-06323 (M. K.) and No. NSF PHY11-25915 (R. G. and M.K.). NR 34 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 21 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 4 AR 042509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.88.042509 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 240EQ UT WOS:000326078100006 ER PT J AU Godfrin, PD Castaneda-Priego, R Liu, Y Wagner, NJ AF Godfrin, P. Douglas Castaneda-Priego, Ramon Liu, Yun Wagner, Norman J. TI Intermediate range order and structure in colloidal dispersions with competing interactions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONCENTRATED LYSOZYME SOLUTIONS; PROTEIN SOLUTIONS; ADHESIVE SPHERES; PHASE-DIAGRAM; CLUSTERS; PERCOLATION; AGGREGATION; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB Colloidal dispersions with a short-range attraction and long-range repulsion can exhibit an intriguing intermediate range order, manifested in scattering experiments as a low-q peak in the structure factor. Monte Carlo simulations are performed on fluids that exhibit intermediate range order to explicitly determine its connection to a possible state of microphase separation, equilibrium clustering. This is accomplished by decomposing the structure factor into cluster-cluster, monomer-monomer, and cross-correlations that cannot be extracted from experimental scattering patterns. Our simulation results indicate that the intermediate range order arises from either monomeric or cluster species, depending on solution conditions, and reflects the presence of a preferred length scale that is not trivially related to the interparticle potential. Further, criteria are established to define monomer, cluster, and percolated states in these systems that facilitate further studies. Combining scattering techniques with simulations provides an effective method for identifying clustered states in complex fluids. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Godfrin, P. Douglas; Liu, Yun; Wagner, Norman J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Ctr Neutron Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Castaneda-Priego, Ramon] Univ Guanajuato, Div Ciencias & Ingn, Leon 37150, Mexico. [Liu, Yun] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wagner, NJ (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Ctr Neutron Sci, 150 Acad St, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM wagnernj@udel.edu RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Wagner, Norman/B-6558-2012; Godfrin, Paul/P-8982-2015 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Wagner, Norman/0000-0001-9565-619X; Godfrin, Paul/0000-0003-0546-0690 FU NSF-Conacyt [147892/2011] FX This paper was prepared under cooperative Agreement No. 70NANB10H256 from NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of NIST or the U. S. Department of Commerce. This work has also been supported in part by NSF-Conacyt Grant No. 147892/2011. DPT binodal calculations were provided by Nestor Valadez-Perez and helpful discussions with F. Sciortino, J. M. Kim, M. Medina-Noyola, A. Stradner, and P. Schurtenberger are acknowledged. We thank a reviewer for helpful comments concerning the presentation of these results. NR 59 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 52 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 21 PY 2013 VL 139 IS 15 AR 154904 DI 10.1063/1.4824487 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 240SF UT WOS:000326116600055 PM 24160543 ER PT J AU Bandyopadhyay, D Grolman, D Singh, G Douglas, JF Karim, A AF Bandyopadhyay, Diya Grolman, Danielle Singh, Gurpreet Douglas, Jack F. Karim, Alamgir TI Spinodal clustering induced dewetting and non-monotonic stabilization of polymer blend films at high nanofiller concentrations SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Dewetting; Polymer; Fullerene ID THIN-FILMS; NANOPARTICLES; SUPPRESSION; MORPHOLOGY AB We examine the effects of high fullerene nanoparticle (f-NP) concentrations, phi(f-NP) similar to (10-20) mass% on polystyrene (PS)/polybutadiene (PB) blend thin film stability. Dewetting of the polymer blend around spinodally clustered f-NPs in this high concentration limit leads to a spinodal like dewetting morphology. This is in contrast to our previously observed results on the stabilization effects of f-NPs on PS/PB blend thin films in the intermediate f-NP concentration range of 7-10 mass%, wherein, after saturating the polymer-blend interface, the NPs stabilize the film by segregating to the blend-substrate interface. We determine three regimes of polymer blend film stability as a function of filler concentration: a) phi(f-NP) < 7 mass% where preferential segregation of the f-NPs to the polymer-polymer interface leads to macroscopic dewetting, b) phi(f-NP) similar to (7-10) mass% where PS/PB blend films exhibit complete film stability, and c) phi(f-NP) similar to (11-20) mass%, where spinodal clustering of the f-NPs gives rise to polymer-NP phase exclusion and subsequent dewetting. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bandyopadhyay, Diya; Grolman, Danielle; Singh, Gurpreet; Karim, Alamgir] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Karim, A (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM alamgir@uakron.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy DOE-BES [DE-FG02-10ER4779]; Akron Functional Materials Center (AFMC) FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy DOE-BES (Grant No. DE-FG02-10ER4779), and the Akron Functional Materials Center (AFMC). NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD OCT 18 PY 2013 VL 54 IS 22 BP 6206 EP 6209 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.08.063 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 241BF UT WOS:000326140700019 ER PT J AU Cardone, A Pant, H Hassan, SA AF Cardone, Antonio Pant, Harish Hassan, Sergio A. TI Specific and Non-Specific Protein Association in Solution: Computation of Solvent Effects and Prediction of First-Encounter Modes for Efficient Configurational Bias Monte Carlo Simulations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PARAMAGNETIC RELAXATION ENHANCEMENT; SCREENED COULOMB POTENTIALS; SIDE-CHAIN INTERACTIONS; LIQUID-STRUCTURE FORCES; SURFACE-AREA; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; INTERACTION NETWORK; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; LIGAND-BINDING AB Weak and ultraweak protein protein association play a role in molecular recognition and can drive spontaneous self-assembly and aggregation. Such interactions are difficult to detect experimentally, and are a challenge to the force field and sampling technique. A method is proposed to identify low-population protein protein binding modes in aqueous solution. The method is designed to identify preferential first-encounter complexes from which the final complex(es) at equilibrium evolve. A continuum model is used to represent the effects of the solvent, which accounts for short- and long-range effects of water exclusion and for liquid-structure forces at protein/liquid interfaces. These effects control the behavior of proteins in close proximity and are optimized on the basis of binding enthalpy data and simulations. An algorithm is described to construct a biasing function for self-adaptive configurational-bias Monte Carlo of a set of interacting proteins. The function allows mixing large and local changes in the spatial distribution of proteins, thereby enhancing sampling of relevant microstates. The method is applied to three binary systems. Generalization to multiprotein complexes is discussed. C1 [Cardone, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cardone, Antonio] NIST, Software & Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pant, Harish] NINDS, Lab Neurochem, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Hassan, Sergio A.] NIH, Ctr Mol Modeling, Div Computat Biosci, CIT, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Hassan, SA (reprint author), NIH, Ctr Mol Modeling, Div Computat Biosci, CIT, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM hassan@mail.nih.gov FU NIH Intramural Research Program through the CIT; NINDS; Internal NIST Research Fund FX This study utilized the high-performance computer capabilities of the Biowulf PC/Linux cluster at the NIH. This work was supported by the NIH Intramural Research Program through the CIT and NINDS and by the Internal NIST Research Fund. NR 99 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 17 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 41 BP 12360 EP 12374 DI 10.1021/jp4050594 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 240VO UT WOS:000326126000003 PM 24044772 ER PT J AU Hedrick, PW Allendorf, FW Waples, RS AF Hedrick, Philip W. Allendorf, Fred W. Waples, Robin S. TI Genetic engineering in conservation SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 [Hedrick, Philip W.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Allendorf, Fred W.] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Waples, Robin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hedrick, PW (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM philip.hedrick@asu.edu RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 56 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 17 PY 2013 VL 502 IS 7471 BP 303 EP 303 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 235GY UT WOS:000325706300030 PM 24132282 ER PT J AU Riste, D Dukalski, M Watson, CA de Lange, G Tiggelman, MJ Blanter, YM Lehnert, KW Schouten, RN DiCarlo, L AF Riste, D. Dukalski, M. Watson, C. A. de Lange, G. Tiggelman, M. J. Blanter, Ya. M. Lehnert, K. W. Schouten, R. N. DiCarlo, L. TI Deterministic entanglement of superconducting qubits by parity measurement and feedback SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM TELEPORTATION AB The stochastic evolution of quantum systems during measurement is arguably the most enigmatic feature of quantum mechanics. Measuring a quantum system typically steers it towards a classical state, destroying the coherence of an initial quantum superposition and the entanglement with other quantum systems. Remarkably, the measurement of a shared property between non-interacting quantum systems can generate entanglement, starting from an uncorrelated state. Of special interest in quantum computing is the parity measurement(1), which projects the state of multiple qubits (quantum bits) to a state with an even or odd number of excited qubits. A parity meter must discern the two qubit-excitation parities with high fidelity while preserving coherence between same-parity states. Despite numerous proposals for atomic(2), semiconducting(1,3-7) and superconducting qubits(8,9), realizing a parity meter that creates entanglement for both even and odd measurement results has remained an outstanding challenge. Here we perform a time-resolved, continuous parity measurement of two superconducting qubits using the cavity in a three-dimensional circuit quantum electrodynamics(10,11) architecture and phase-sensitive parametric amplification(12). Using postselection, we produce entanglement by parity measurement reaching 88 per cent fidelity to the closest Bell state. Incorporating the parity meter in a feedback-control loop, we transform the entanglement generation from probabilistic to fully deterministic, achieving 66 per cent fidelity to a target Bell state on demand. These realizations of a parity meter and a feedback-enabled deterministic measurement protocol provide key ingredients for active quantum error correction in the solid state(13-15). C1 [Riste, D.; Dukalski, M.; Watson, C. A.; de Lange, G.; Tiggelman, M. J.; Blanter, Ya. M.; Schouten, R. N.; DiCarlo, L.] Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. [Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP DiCarlo, L (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci, POB 5046, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. EM l.dicarlo@tudelft.nl RI DiCarlo, Leonardo/F-8714-2010; de Lange, Gijs/D-6868-2012; Riste, Diego/G-9215-2012; Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009 OI de Lange, Gijs/0000-0002-9437-0816; Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649 FU Dutch Organization for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM); Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); EU; DARPA QuEST programme FX We thank C. C. Bultink and H.-S. Ku for experimental assistance, and G. Haack, R. Hanson, G. Johansson, A. F. Kockum and L. Tornberg for discussions. We acknowledge funding from the Dutch Organization for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM), the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO, VIDI scheme), the EU FP7 integrated projects SOLID and SCALEQIT, and partial support from the DARPA QuEST programme. NR 36 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 57 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 17 PY 2013 VL 502 IS 7471 BP 350 EP + DI 10.1038/nature12513 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 235GY UT WOS:000325706300048 PM 24132292 ER PT J AU Simmonds, PG Manning, AJ Athanassiadou, M Scaife, AA Derwent, RG O'Doherty, S Harth, CM Weiss, RF Dutton, GS Hall, BD Sweeney, C Elkins, JW AF Simmonds, P. G. Manning, A. J. Athanassiadou, M. Scaife, A. A. Derwent, R. G. O'Doherty, S. Harth, C. M. Weiss, R. F. Dutton, G. S. Hall, B. D. Sweeney, C. Elkins, J. W. TI Interannual fluctuations in the seasonal cycle of nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbons due to the Brewer-Dobson circulation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; AIR; TRANSPORT; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; SYSTEM; OZONE; GASES; N2O C1 [Simmonds, P. G.; O'Doherty, S.] Univ Bristol, Atmospher Chem Res Grp, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. [Manning, A. J.; Athanassiadou, M.; Scaife, A. A.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Derwent, R. G.] Rdscientific, Newbury, Berks, England. [Harth, C. M.; Weiss, R. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Dutton, G. S.; Sweeney, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dutton, G. S.; Hall, B. D.; Sweeney, C.; Elkins, J. W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Simmonds, PG (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Atmospher Chem Res Grp, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. EM petergsimmonds@aol.com RI Athanassiadou, Maria/H-8663-2016; OI Derwent, Richard/0000-0003-4498-645X FU UK Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) [GA0201, GA01081, GA01103, CESA 002]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NAGW-732, NAG1-1805, NAG5-3974, NAG-12099]; NASA's Upper Atmosphere Research Program; NOAA Climate Program Office under their Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program FX We specifically acknowledge the cooperation and efforts of all members of the AGAGE team for their many contributions to the MHD and THD observations, in particular G. Spain for operations at the Mace Head station and P. Salameh for AGAGE software support. We also thank the School of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway, for making the research facilities at Mace Head available. Unpublished NOAA vertical profile data were provided by B. Miller, C. Sweeney, and S. Montzka, and we thank them for their valuable discussions with respect to these data. We also thank N. Harris and D. Young for valuable discussions and several reviewers who provided constructive comments. The operation of the Mace Head station was supported by the UK Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) under contracts GA0201, GA01081, GA01103, and CESA 002; and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA grants NAGW-732, NAG1-1805, NAG5-3974, and NAG-12099). The Trinidad Head station and AGAGE network calibrations and data processing are supported by grants from NASA's Upper Atmosphere Research Program. NOAA support comes from the NOAA Climate Program Office under their Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 19 BP 10694 EP 10706 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50832 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 297PF UT WOS:000330266700008 ER PT J AU Zhou, XQ Wang, B AF Zhou, Xiaqiong Wang, Bin TI Large-scale influences on secondary eyewall size SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; INTENSITY PREDICTION SCHEME; TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; SEA INTERACTION THEORY; AIRCRAFT RECONNAISSANCE; CONCENTRIC EYEWALLS; HURRICANE INTENSITY; REPLACEMENT CYCLES; TYPHOON STRUCTURE; NUMERICAL-MODEL C1 [Zhou, Xiaqiong] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, IMSG, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Wang, Bin] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wang, Bin] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Zhou, XQ (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, IMSG, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM xiaqiong.zhou@noaa.gov FU NASA [NNX09AG97G] FX We thank H.-C. Kuo for providing the data of the secondary eyewall events over the west Northern Pacific. We also deeply appreciate the insightful comments and suggestions made by three anonymous reviewers which lead to a significantly improved manuscript. This research is supported by the NASA project (NNX09AG97G). NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 19 BP 11088 EP 11097 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50605 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 297PF UT WOS:000330266700036 ER PT J AU Fan, SM AF Fan, Song-Miao TI Modeling of observed mineral dust aerosols in the arctic and the impact on winter season low-level clouds SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review ID MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS; HETEROGENEOUS ICE NUCLEATION; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; BLACK CARBON; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PARTICULATE MATTER; BIOLOGICAL PARTICLES; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; PM10 CONCENTRATIONS; FRICTION VELOCITY C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Fan, SM (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Songmiao.Fan@noaa.gov NR 133 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 19 BP 11161 EP 11174 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50842 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 297PF UT WOS:000330266700061 ER PT J AU Jeong, S Hsu, YK Andrews, AE Bianco, L Vaca, P Wilczak, JM Fischer, ML AF Jeong, Seongeun Hsu, Ying-Kuang Andrews, Arlyn E. Bianco, Laura Vaca, Patrick Wilczak, James M. Fischer, Marc L. TI A multitower measurement network estimate of California's methane emissions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; CARBON-DIOXIDE; STILT MODEL; DEPTH; INDEX C1 [Jeong, Seongeun; Fischer, Marc L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hsu, Ying-Kuang; Vaca, Patrick] Calif Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA USA. [Andrews, Arlyn E.; Bianco, Laura; Wilczak, James M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Bianco, Laura] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fischer, Marc L.] Calif State Univ East Bay, Dept Anthropol Geog & Environm Studies, Hayward, CA USA. RP Jeong, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, MS 90R2002,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sjeong@lbl.gov RI Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012 FU CARB [09-348]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NOAA USWRP; HOA; Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program; Carbon Cycle Program of NOAA's Climate Program Office FX We thank Dave Field, Dave Bush, Edward Wahl, Ken Reichl, Fabien Guerin, Yuchen Yi, and particularly Jon Kofler for assistance with measurements at WGC and analysis of data from radar wind profiler sites, John Lin, Christoph Gerbig, Steve Wofsy, Janusz Eluszkiewicz, Thomas Nehrkorn for sharing the STILT code and advice, Chris Potter and William Salas for sharing modeled CH4 emission for use as a priori estimates, Ed Dlugokencky and Colm Sweeney for sharing data for CH4 background estimates, Larry Hunsaker, Marc Vayssieres, Joseph Fischer, and Webster Tassat for sharing CARB CH4 emissions information, and Krishna Muriki for assistance running the WRF-STILT models on the LBNL-Lawrencium cluster. We thank Ken Davis and two anonymous reviewers for providing thoughtful comments and suggestions. We also thank Guido Franco, Jorn Horner, and Eileen McCauley for useful advice, and David Larson for institutional support at CSU East Bay. This analysis was supported by CARB (contract 09-348), data collection at Walnut Grove by the California Energy Commissions Public Interest Environmental Research program, with work at LBNL conducted under U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Support for L. Bianco and J. Wilczak was provided by NOAA USWRP and HOA program funding. NOAA measurements were funded in part by the Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program and the Carbon Cycle Program of NOAA's Climate Program Office. NR 39 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 19 BP 11339 EP 11351 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50854 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 297PF UT WOS:000330266700031 ER PT J AU Waugh, DW Crotwell, AM Dlugokencky, EJ Dutton, GS Elkins, JW Hall, BD Hintsa, EJ Hurst, DF Montzka, SA Mondeel, DJ Moore, FL Nance, JD Ray, EA Steenrod, SD Strahan, SE Sweeney, C AF Waugh, D. W. Crotwell, A. M. Dlugokencky, E. J. Dutton, G. S. Elkins, J. W. Hall, B. D. Hintsa, E. J. Hurst, D. F. Montzka, S. A. Mondeel, D. J. Moore, F. L. Nance, J. D. Ray, E. A. Steenrod, S. D. Strahan, S. E. Sweeney, C. TI Tropospheric SF6: Age of air from the Northern Hemisphere midlatitude surface SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE SF6; LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; MODEL; MECHANISMS; LIFETIMES; EMISSIONS; PROJECT; TRENDS; GASES C1 [Waugh, D. W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Crotwell, A. M.; Dlugokencky, E. J.; Dutton, G. S.; Elkins, J. W.; Hintsa, E. J.; Hurst, D. F.; Montzka, S. A.; Mondeel, D. J.; Moore, F. L.; Nance, J. D.; Ray, E. A.; Sweeney, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Crotwell, A. M.; Dutton, G. S.; Hall, B. D.; Hintsa, E. J.; Hurst, D. F.; Mondeel, D. J.; Moore, F. L.; Nance, J. D.; Ray, E. A.; Sweeney, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Steenrod, S. D.; Strahan, S. E.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Columbia, MD USA. RP Waugh, DW (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 320 Olin Hall,3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM waugh@jhu.edu RI Ray, Eric/D-5941-2013; Hurst, Dale/D-1554-2016; Waugh, Darryn/K-3688-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Ray, Eric/0000-0001-8727-9849; Hurst, Dale/0000-0002-6315-2322; Waugh, Darryn/0000-0001-7692-2798; FU National Science Foundation; NOAA; Harvard University; Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate program (AC4) of NOAA's Climate Program Office; NOAA OAR; NASA MAP FX The HIPPO data were downloaded from http://hippo.ornl.gov/ except for the tropopause measurements that were provided by NCAR/EOL (http://data.eol.ucar.edu/), under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. The HIPPO mission was supported by the National Science Foundation, NOAA, and Harvard University. The HATS ground-based observations are funded partially by the Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate program (AC4) (formerly Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program) of NOAA's Climate Program Office and NOAA OAR Base Funds. We thank the GMI core modeling team, which receives funding from the NASA MAP program. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 19 BP 11429 EP 11441 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50848 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 297PF UT WOS:000330266700040 ER PT J AU Mao, JQ Paulot, F Jacob, DJ Cohen, RC Crounse, JD Wennberg, PO Keller, CA Hudman, RC Barkley, MP Horowitz, LW AF Mao, Jingqiu Paulot, Fabien Jacob, Daniel J. Cohen, Ronald C. Crounse, John D. Wennberg, Paul O. Keller, Christoph A. Hudman, Rynda C. Barkley, Michael P. Horowitz, Larry W. TI Ozone and organic nitrates over the eastern United States: Sensitivity to isoprene chemistry SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; NORTH-AMERICA; CARBON-MONOXIDE; AIR-QUALITY; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; HETEROGENEOUS CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; RADICAL CHEMISTRY; REACTIVE NITROGEN C1 [Mao, Jingqiu] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mao, Jingqiu; Horowitz, Larry W.] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Paulot, Fabien; Jacob, Daniel J.; Keller, Christoph A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cohen, Ronald C.; Hudman, Rynda C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cohen, Ronald C.; Hudman, Rynda C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Crounse, John D.; Wennberg, Paul O.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Crounse, John D.; Wennberg, Paul O.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Barkley, Michael P.] Univ Leicester, EOS GroupDept Phys & Astron, Leicester, Leics, England. RP Mao, JQ (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Jingqiu.Mao@noaa.gov RI Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Hudman, Rynda/C-6118-2009; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011 OI Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691 FU NOAA Climate Program Office's grant [NA13OAR4310071]; Harvard University Center for the Environment Fellowship; NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program FX We thank the ICARTT science team for using their measurements. We thank Songmiao Fan and Vaishali Naik at GFDL for careful review. We also thank Ellie Browne (MIT), Havala Pye (EPA), Wendy Goliff (UC Riverside), Eloise Marais (Harvard), Katherine Travis (Harvard), Emily Fischer (Harvard), Mathew Evans (U of York), and Arlene Fiore (Columbia University) for helpful discussions. We also thank Christopher Holmes (UC Irvine) and Jenny Fisher (U of Wollongong) for help with IDL. J.M. and L.W.H. acknowledge the NOAA Climate Program Office's grant NA13OAR4310071. F.P was supported by Harvard University Center for the Environment Fellowship. Work at Harvard was supported by the NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program. NR 131 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 7 U2 73 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 19 BP 11256 EP 11268 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50817 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 297PF UT WOS:000330266700054 ER PT J AU Kunz, A Muller, R Homonnai, V Janosi, IM Hurst, D Rap, A Forster, PM Rohrer, F Spelten, N Riese, M AF Kunz, A. Mueller, R. Homonnai, V. Janosi, I. M. Hurst, D. Rap, A. Forster, P. M. Rohrer, F. Spelten, N. Riese, M. TI Extending water vapor trend observations over Boulder into the tropopause region: Trend uncertainties and resulting radiative forcing SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; STRATOSPHERIC WATER; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; TRANSPORT; INCREASE; CONFIGURATION; DEHYDRATION; TROPOSPHERE; CLIMATE C1 [Kunz, A.; Mueller, R.; Spelten, N.; Riese, M.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energie & Klimaforsch Stratosphare, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Homonnai, V.; Janosi, I. M.] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, Budapest, Hungary. [Hurst, D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hurst, D.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Rap, A.; Forster, P. M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Rohrer, F.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energie & Klimaforsch Troposphare, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Kunz, A (reprint author), ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CHN M 14,Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM anne.kunz@env.ethz.ch RI Muller, Rolf/A-6669-2013; Rohrer, Franz/I-2052-2012; Riese, Martin/A-3927-2013; Hurst, Dale/D-1554-2016; Rap, Alexandru/G-7532-2016; Forster, Piers/F-9829-2010 OI Muller, Rolf/0000-0002-5024-9977; Rohrer, Franz/0000-0003-3436-3419; Riese, Martin/0000-0001-6398-6493; Hurst, Dale/0000-0002-6315-2322; Rap, Alexandru/0000-0002-2319-6769; Forster, Piers/0000-0002-6078-0171 FU European Union [299666]; Hungarian Science Foundation [OTKA NK100296]; NERC [NE/G005109/1, NE/J004723/1] FX The results of this analysis are to some extent supported by a funding for A. Kunz from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement 299666, in particular, the Marie Curie Fellowship "Dynamical processes in the tropopause region and their impact on the distribution of atmospheric trace gases" (PROTRO). V. Homonnai and I. M. Janosi are partially supported by the Hungarian Science Foundation under grant OTKA NK100296. A. Rap and P. M. Forster acknowledge funding through NERC grants NE/G005109/1 and NE/J004723/1. Many thanks to the ECMWF for providing the ERA-Interim reanalysis data and to L. Oolman for providing radiosonde data at Denver station. We are also grateful to H. Wernli and C. M. Grams for helpful discussions. Finally, we would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive criticisms that helped to improve the quality of the paper. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 19 BP 11269 EP 11284 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50831 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 297PF UT WOS:000330266700058 ER PT J AU May, AA Levin, EJT Hennigan, CJ Riipinen, I Lee, T Collett, JL Jimenez, JL Kreidenweis, SM Robinson, AL AF May, Andrew A. Levin, Ezra J. T. Hennigan, Christopher J. Riipinen, Ilona Lee, Taehyoung Collett, Jeffrey L., Jr. Jimenez, Jose L. Kreidenweis, Sonia M. Robinson, Allen L. TI Gas-particle partitioning of primary organic aerosol emissions: 3. Biomass burning SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID EQUILIBRATION TIME SCALES; FIREPLACE COMBUSTION; MASS-SPECTROMETER; HIGH-RESOLUTION; CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; VOLATILITY MEASUREMENTS; SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS; EVAPORATION KINETICS; UNITED-STATES; TRACE GASES C1 [May, Andrew A.; Hennigan, Christopher J.; Riipinen, Ilona; Robinson, Allen L.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Atmospher Particle Studies, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [May, Andrew A.; Levin, Ezra J. T.; Lee, Taehyoung; Collett, Jeffrey L., Jr.; Kreidenweis, Sonia M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hennigan, Christopher J.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem Biochem & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Riipinen, Ilona] Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Lee, Taehyoung] Hankuk Univ Foreign Studies, Dept Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea. [Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Robinson, AL (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM alr@andrew.cmu.edu RI Levin, Ezra/F-5809-2010; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Riipinen, Ilona/I-9379-2012; May, Andrew/E-8498-2012; Robinson, Allen/M-3046-2014; Collett, Jeffrey/F-2862-2010; Hennigan, Christopher/A-9221-2013; Kreidenweis, Sonia/E-5993-2011 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; May, Andrew/0000-0001-7908-8815; Robinson, Allen/0000-0002-1819-083X; Collett, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9180-508X; Hennigan, Christopher/0000-0002-2454-2838; Kreidenweis, Sonia/0000-0002-2561-2914 FU National Park Service; Joint Fire Science Program; EPA STAR program through the National Center for Environmental Research (NCER) [R833747, R834554]; DOE (BER, ASR program) [DE-SC0006035]; United States Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank the staff at FSL and especially Cyle Wold, Emily Lincoln, and Wei Min Hao for supporting this project. We also thank Mike Cubison, Amber Ortega, and Sanna Saarikoski for their assistance in collecting data. Funding was provided by the National Park Service, Joint Fire Science Program and the EPA STAR program through the National Center for Environmental Research (NCER) under grants R833747 and R834554, and DOE (BER, ASR program) DE-SC0006035. The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official position of the funding agencies. Although the research described in this article has been funded in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to the Agency's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 42 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 45 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 19 BP 11327 EP 11338 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50828 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 297PF UT WOS:000330266700034 ER PT J AU Craven, JS Metcalf, AR Bahreini, R Middlebrook, A Hayes, PL Duong, HT Sorooshian, A Jimenez, JL Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH AF Craven, J. S. Metcalf, A. R. Bahreini, R. Middlebrook, A. Hayes, P. L. Duong, H. T. Sorooshian, A. Jimenez, J. L. Flagan, R. C. Seinfeld, J. H. TI Los Angeles Basin airborne organic aerosol characterization during CalNex SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; FINE-PARTICLE COMPOSITION; MASS-SPECTROMETER DATA; HIGH-RESOLUTION; BLACK CARBON; MEXICO-CITY; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; SUBMICRON PARTICLES; SOOT PHOTOMETER; MIXING STATE C1 [Craven, J. S.; Flagan, R. C.; Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Metcalf, A. R.; Flagan, R. C.; Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bahreini, R.; Middlebrook, A.; Hayes, P. L.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Bahreini, R.; Middlebrook, A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Hayes, P. L.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Duong, H. T.; Sorooshian, A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ USA. [Sorooshian, A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Seinfeld, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM seinfeld@caltech.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Sorooshian, Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264 FU NOAA [NA09OAR4310128]; CARB [08-319/11-305]; DOE (BER/ASR) [DE-SC0006035/DE-FG02-11ER65293]; CIRES FX This work was supported by NOAA grant NA09OAR4310128. The authors would like to acknowledge the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) crew at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California for their support during CalNex. The authors would also like to acknowledge B. L. Lefer for use of the PBLH data from the CalNex Pasadena ground-site and W. T. Morgan for the use of their data in Figure 11. P.L.H. and J.L.J. thank CARB 08-319/11-305 and DOE (BER/ASR) DE-SC0006035/DE-FG02-11ER65293, as well as a CIRES Visiting Fellowship to P.L.H. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 19 BP 11453 EP 11467 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50853 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 297PF UT WOS:000330266700037 ER PT J AU Seneviratne, SI Wilhelm, M Stanelle, T van den Hurk, B Hagemann, S Berg, A Cheruy, F Higgins, ME Meier, A Brovkin, V Claussen, M Ducharne, A Dufresne, JL Findell, KL Ghattas, J Lawrence, DM Malyshev, S Rummukainen, M Smith, B AF Seneviratne, Sonia I. Wilhelm, Micah Stanelle, Tanja van den Hurk, Bart Hagemann, Stefan Berg, Alexis Cheruy, Frederique Higgins, Matthew E. Meier, Arndt Brovkin, Victor Claussen, Martin Ducharne, Agnes Dufresne, Jean-Louis Findell, Kirsten L. Ghattas, Josefine Lawrence, David M. Malyshev, Sergey Rummukainen, Markku Smith, Benjamin TI Impact of soil moisture-climate feedbacks on CMIP5 projections: First results from the GLACE-CMIP5 experiment SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE CMIP5; soil moisture; feedbacks; climate extremes; land-atmosphere interactions; projections ID FUTURE CLIMATE; SYSTEM; MODEL; LAND; PRECIPITATION; ATMOSPHERE; HYDROLOGY; DROUGHT; EUROPE; CYCLE AB The Global Land-Atmosphere Climate Experiment-Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (GLACE-CMIP5) is a multimodel experiment investigating the impact of soil moisture-climate feedbacks in CMIP5 projections. We present here first GLACE-CMIP5 results based on five Earth System Models, focusing on impacts of projected changes in regional soil moisture dryness (mostly increases) on late 21st century climate. Projected soil moisture changes substantially impact climate in several regions in both boreal and austral summer. Strong and consistent effects are found on temperature, especially for extremes (about 1-1.5K for mean temperature and 2-2.5K for extreme daytime temperature). In the Northern Hemisphere, effects on mean and heavy precipitation are also found in most models, but the results are less consistent than for temperature. A direct scaling between soil moisture-induced changes in evaporative cooling and resulting changes in temperature mean and extremes is found in the simulations. In the Mediterranean region, the projected soil moisture changes affect about 25% of the projected changes in extreme temperature. C1 [Seneviratne, Sonia I.; Wilhelm, Micah; Stanelle, Tanja] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [van den Hurk, Bart] KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Hagemann, Stefan; Brovkin, Victor; Claussen, Martin] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Berg, Alexis; Findell, Kirsten L.] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. [Berg, Alexis] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Cheruy, Frederique; Dufresne, Jean-Louis] Univ Paris 06, LMD IPSL, Paris, France. [Higgins, Matthew E.; Lawrence, David M.] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Meier, Arndt; Rummukainen, Markku] Lund Univ, Ctr Environm & Climate Res, Lund, Sweden. [Ducharne, Agnes; Ghattas, Josefine] Univ Paris 06, Lab Sisyphe IPSL, Paris, France. [Malyshev, Sergey] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Smith, Benjamin] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Lund, Sweden. RP Seneviratne, SI (reprint author), ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM sonia.seneviratne@env.ethz.ch RI Brovkin, Victor/C-2803-2016; Smith, Benjamin/I-1212-2016; Lawrence, David/C-4026-2011; Brovkin, Victor/I-7450-2012; Findell, Kirsten/D-4430-2014; Dufresne, Jean-Louis/I-5616-2015; Seneviratne, Sonia/G-8761-2011 OI Brovkin, Victor/0000-0001-6420-3198; Smith, Benjamin/0000-0002-6987-5337; Lawrence, David/0000-0002-2968-3023; Dufresne, Jean-Louis/0000-0003-4764-9600; Seneviratne, Sonia/0000-0001-9528-2917 FU EU-FP7 EMBRACE project (European Commission's 7th Framework Programme) [282672]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [AGS-1035968, AGS-1035843]; WCRP's GEWEX Land-Atmosphere System Study (GLASS); IGBP's Integrated Land-Ecosystem-Atmosphere Processes Study (ILEAPS) FX The coordinators of the GLACE-CMIP5 project gratefully acknowledge support from the EU-FP7 EMBRACE project (European Commission's 7th Framework Programme, grant agreement 282672). The modeling participants (see Table 1) were able to perform the GLACE-CMIP5 simulations thanks to financial and computational support from their home institutions and/or from the institutions hosting the employed Earth System Models. A. B. was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) grants AGS-1035968 and AGS-1035843. A. M., M. R., and B. S. contributed through the strategic research area MERGE. We thank WCRP's GEWEX Land-Atmosphere System Study (GLASS) and IGBP's Integrated Land-Ecosystem-Atmosphere Processes Study (ILEAPS) for their sponsorship of this project. We also thank Paul Dirmeyer, Pierre Friedlingstein, Randy Koster, Chris Milly, Boris Orlowsky, Julia Pongratz, two anonymous reviewers, and the Editor for helpful comments on the modeling setup, analyses, and/or manuscript. NR 33 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 53 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 19 BP 5212 EP 5217 DI 10.1002/grl.50956 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 243JB UT WOS:000326311600043 ER PT J AU Garcia-Reyes, M Sydeman, WJ Black, BA Rykaczewski, RR Schoeman, DS Thompson, SA Bograd, SJ AF Garcia-Reyes, M. Sydeman, W. J. Black, B. A. Rykaczewski, R. R. Schoeman, D. S. Thompson, S. A. Bograd, S. J. TI Relative influence of oceanic and terrestrial pressure systems in driving upwelling-favorable winds SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE upwelling winds; subtropical highs; continental thermal low; winter upwelling ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; NORTH PACIFIC; COASTAL; INTENSIFICATION; 20TH-CENTURY; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; TRENDS; FUTURE; REGIME AB We use the 20th Century Reanalysis database to assess the influence of oceanic and terrestrial atmospheric pressure systems on winter and summer upwelling-favorable winds in Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems. The analysis provides baseline information regarding the roles of continental thermal low (CTL) and oceanic high (OH) pressure systems in driving seasonal upwelling modes, which have high biological relevance. We show that variability in upwelling-favorable winds is dominated by OH, particularly in winter, and only weakly influenced by CTL, except at annual time scales. This is most pronounced in the California system given that the North Pacific High dominates wind variability. In contrast, CTL and OH equally influence Benguela upwelling-favorable winds during summer. This work underscores the need to understand how OH systems are likely to respond to climate change and how this might impact coastal winds that drive upwelling and productivity in these ecosystems. C1 [Garcia-Reyes, M.; Sydeman, W. J.; Thompson, S. A.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Black, B. A.] Univ Texas, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX USA. [Rykaczewski, R. R.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Rykaczewski, R. R.] Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Schoeman, D. S.] Univ Sunshine Coast, Fac Sci Hlth Educ & Engn, Maroochydore, Qld, Australia. [Bograd, S. J.] NOAA NMFS, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA USA. RP Garcia-Reyes, M (reprint author), Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, 101 H St,Suite Q, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. EM marisolgr@gmail.com RI Black, Bryan/A-7057-2009; Rykaczewski, Ryan/A-8625-2016; OI Rykaczewski, Ryan/0000-0001-8893-872X; Schoeman, David/0000-0003-1258-0885 FU U.S. Department of Energy; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; NSF [1130125] FX Support for the 20th Century Reanalysis Project was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. This study was supported by NSF award 1130125 and donors of the Farallon Institute. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 19 BP 5311 EP 5315 DI 10.1002/2013GL057729 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 243JB UT WOS:000326311600061 ER PT J AU Field, JC Elliger, C Baltz, K Gillespie, GE Gilly, WF Ruiz-Cooley, RI Pearse, D Stewart, JS Matsubu, W Walker, WA AF Field, John C. Elliger, Carl Baltz, Ken Gillespie, Graham E. Gilly, William F. Ruiz-Cooley, R. I. Pearse, Devon Stewart, Julia S. Matsubu, William Walker, William A. TI Foraging ecology and movement patterns of jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) in the California Current System SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Jumbo squid; Dosidicus gigas; Food habits; Foraging ecology; Range expansion; Demographic information; Ecosystem interactions; California Current ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; HAKE MERLUCCIUS-PRODUCTUS; HUMBOLDT CURRENT SYSTEM; 1997-98 EL-NINO; CEPHALOPODA OMMASTREPHIDAE; STOMACH CONTENTS; PHOCA-VITULINA; SALMONID PREY; PACIFIC; FISH AB From 2002 to 2010, the jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) has been regularly encountered in large numbers throughout the California Current System (CCS). This species, usually found in subtropical waters, could affect coastal pelagic ecosystems and fisheries as both predator and prey. Neither the abundance of jumbo squid nor the optimal ocean conditions in which they flourish are well known. To understand better the potential impacts of this species on both commercial fisheries and on food-web structure we collected nearly 900 specimens from waters of the CCS, covering over 20 degrees of latitude, over a range of depths and seasons. We used demographic information (size, sex, and maturity state) and analyzed stomach contents using morphological and molecular methods to best understand the foraging ecology of this species in different habitats of the CCS. Squid were found to consume a broad array of prey. Prey in offshore waters generally reflected the forage base reported in previous studies (mainly mesopelagic fishes and squids), whereas in more coastal waters (shelf, shelf break and slope habitats) squid foraged on a much broader mix that included substantial numbers of coastal pelagic fishes (Pacific herring and northern anchovy, as well as osmerids and salmonids in northern waters) and groundfish (Pacific hake, several species of rockfish and flatfish). We propose a seasonal movement pattern, based on size and maturity distributions along with qualitative patterns of presence or absence, and discuss the relevance of both the movement and distribution of jumbo squid over space and time. We find that jumbo squid are a generalist predator, which feeds primarily on small, pelagic or mesopelagic micronekton but also on larger fishes when they are available. We also conclude that interactions with and potential impacts on ecosystems likely vary over space and time, in response to both seasonal movement patterns and highly variable year-to-year abundance of the squid themselves. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Field, John C.; Baltz, Ken; Pearse, Devon] SWFSC NMFS NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Elliger, Carl; Gilly, William F.; Stewart, Julia S.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Gillespie, Graham E.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Ruiz-Cooley, R. I.] SWFSC NMFS NOAA, Protected Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Matsubu, William] Humboldt State Univ, Eureka, CA 95521 USA. [Walker, William A.] AFSC NMFS NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Field, JC (reprint author), SWFSC NMFS NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM John.Field@noaa.gov FU California Sea Grant and California Ocean Protection Council [R/OPCFISH-06] FX A tremendous number of scientists and fishermen assisted us in the collection of specimens from a large number of surveys and fishing vessels, and we are very grateful to all of them. In particular, we would like to thank Tom Mattusch and the Huhi Cat crew, John Yamate and New Seaforth crew, the biologists and crew of the David Starr Jordan (2007, 2008 midwater trawl surveys), the biologists and crew of the MacArthur II (2008 ORCAWALE survey), the biologists and crew of the Miller Freeman (2009 midwater trawl survey), the biologists and crew of the CCGS W.E. Ricker (2009 Pacific hake hydroacoustic survey), the biologists and crew of the R/V Fulmar (several tagging and sampling trips out of Monterey in 2008 and 2009). In addition, Greg Bargmann, Tristan Britt, Suzanne Cohen, Robert Emmett, Jared Figurski, Dave Griffith, Craig Herberer, Selina Heppell, Marion Larkin, Unai Markaida, Bruce MacFarlane, Cyril Michel, Mike Navarro and Danna Staaf all helped directly or indirectly support these efforts on even more cruises or opportunistic sampling adventures. Finally, we thank Alec MacCall, Brian Wells and Unai Markaida for early comments on the manuscript, Christian Ibafiez and one anonymous reviewer for comments on the submitted draft, and the guest editors, Robert Olson, Paul Rodhouse and Jock Young, for their comments and assistance. All of their questions and comments led to considerable improvement in the manuscript from earlier drafts. This work was partially supported by grants from California Sea Grant and California Ocean Protection Council (R/OPCFISH-06). This paper is a contribution to a CLIOTOP initiative to develop understanding of squid in pelagic ecosystems. NR 91 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD OCT 15 PY 2013 VL 95 BP 37 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.09.006 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 274FO UT WOS:000328592400005 ER PT J AU Alvarez-Toral, A Fernandez, B Malherbe, J Claverie, F Molloy, JL Pereiro, R Sanz-Medel, A AF Alvarez-Toral, Aitor Fernandez, Beatriz Malherbe, Julien Claverie, Fanny Molloy, John L. Pereiro, Rosario Sanz-Medel, Alfredo TI Isotope dilution mass spectrometry for quantitative elemental analysis of powdered samples by radiofrequency pulsed glow discharge time of flight mass spectrometry SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE Pulse radiofrequency glow discharge; Time of flight mass spectrometry; Isotope dilution mass spectrometry; Geological reference materials ID LA-ICP-MS; LASER-ABLATION; RATIO MEASUREMENTS; SOILS AB In recent years particular effort is being devoted to the development of pulsed glow discharges (PGDs) for mass spectrometry because this powering operation mode could offer important ionization analytical advantages. However, the capabilities of radiofrequency (RF) PGD coupled to a time of flight mass spectrometry (ToFMS) for accurate isotope ratio measurements have not been demonstrated yet. This work is focused on investigating different time positions along the pulse profile for the accurate measurement of isotope ratios. As a result, a method has been developed for the direct and simultaneous multielement determination of trace elements in powdered geological samples by RF-PGD-ToFMS in combination with isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) as an absolute measurement method directly traceable to the International System of Units. Optimized operating conditions were 70 W of applied radiofrequency power, 250 Pa of pressure, 2 ms of pulse width and 4 ms of pulse period, being argon the plasma gas used. To homogeneously distribute the added isotopically-enriched standards, lithium borate fusion of powdered solid samples was used as sample preparation approach. In this way, Cu, Zn, Ba and Pb were successfully determined by RF-PGD-ToF(IDMS) in two NIST Standard Reference Materials (SRM 2586 and SRM 2780) representing two different matrices of geological interest (soil and rock samples). Cu, Zn, Ba and Pb concentrations determined by RF-PGD-ToF(IDMS) were well in agreement with the certified values at 95% confidence interval and precisions below 12% relative standard deviation were observed for three independent analyses. Elemental concentrations investigated were in the range of 81-5770 mg/kg, demonstrating the potential of RF-PGD-ToF(IDMS) for a sensitive, accurate and robust analysis of powdered samples. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Alvarez-Toral, Aitor; Fernandez, Beatriz; Pereiro, Rosario; Sanz-Medel, Alfredo] Univ Oviedo, Fac Chem, Dept Phys & Analyt, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain. [Malherbe, Julien; Claverie, Fanny; Molloy, John L.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fernandez, B (reprint author), Univ Oviedo, Fac Chem, Dept Phys & Analyt, Julian Claveria 8, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain. EM fernandezbeatriz@uniovi.es; mrpereiro@uniovi.es RI Fernandez, Beatriz/D-1685-2014; OI Fernandez, Beatriz/0000-0002-2592-1442; Sanz Medel, Alfredo/0000-0003-2899-1347; Pereiro, Rosario/0000-0002-5936-7726 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [MAT2010-20921-C02-01]; FEDER Program [MAT2010-20921-C02-01]; FPU [AP2010-3615] FX Financial support from "Plan Nacional de I+D+I" (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and FEDER Program) through MAT2010-20921-C02-01 is gratefully acknowledged. Aitor Alvarez-Toral acknowledges the FPU Grant associated with the AP2010-3615 project. Finally, we are especially thankful for the contract with Horiba Jobin Yvon for the loan of the GD-ToFMS instrument. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 EI 1873-3573 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD OCT 15 PY 2013 VL 115 BP 657 EP 664 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.06.024 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 267KD UT WOS:000328095600092 PM 24054645 ER PT J AU Harding, LB Schultz, IR Goetz, GW Luckenbach, JA Young, G Goetz, FW Swanson, P AF Harding, Louisa B. Schultz, Irvin R. Goetz, Giles W. Luckenbach, J. Adam Young, Graham Goetz, Frederick W. Swanson, Penny TI High-throughput sequencing and pathway analysis reveal alteration of the pituitary transcriptome by 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2) in female coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Endocrine disruption; Fish reproduction; Pituitary; Gonadotropins; Circadian rhythm; Transcriptomics ID ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; ENVIRONMENTAL ENDOCRINE DISRUPTERS; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; GRAPHICAL SYSTEMS-MODEL; BETA-SUBUNIT GENE; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; RNA-SEQ DATA; RAINBOW-TROUT AB Considerable research has been done on the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on reproduction and gene expression in the brain, liver and gonads of teleost fish, but information on impacts to the pituitary gland are still limited despite its central role in regulating reproduction. The aim of this study was to further our understanding of the potential effects of natural and synthetic estrogens on the brain-pituitary-gonad axis in fish by determining the effects of 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2) on the pituitary transcriptome. We exposed sub-adult coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to 0 or 12 ng EE2/L for up to 6 weeks and effects on the pituitary transcriptome of females were assessed using high-throughput Illumina (R) sequencing, RNA-Seq and pathway analysis. After 1 or 6 weeks, 218 and 670 contiguous sequences (contigs) respectively, were differentially expressed in pituitaries of EE2-exposed fish relative to control. Two of the most highly up- and down-regulated contigs were luteinizing hormone beta subunit (241-fold and 395-fold at 1 and 6 weeks, respectively) and follicle-stimulating hormone beta subunit (-3.4-fold at 6 weeks). Additional contigs related to gonadotropin synthesis and release were differentially expressed in EE2-exposed fish relative to controls. These included contigs involved in gonadotropin releasing hormone (GNRH) and transforming growth factor-beta signaling. There was an over-representation of significantly affected contigs in 33 and 18 canonical pathways at 1 and 6 weeks, respectively, including circadian rhythm signaling, calcium signaling, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling, PPAR alpha/retinoid x receptor alpha activation, and netrin signaling. Network analysis identified potential interactions between genes involved in circadian rhythm and GNRH signaling, suggesting possible effects of EE2 on timing of reproductive events. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Harding, Louisa B.; Goetz, Giles W.; Young, Graham] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Schultz, Irvin R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, Battelle, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. [Luckenbach, J. Adam; Swanson, Penny] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Luckenbach, J. Adam; Young, Graham; Swanson, Penny] Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 98164 USA. [Goetz, Frederick W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Swanson, P (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM penny.swanson@noaa.gov FU Washington Sea Grant Project [RB-49]; Richard T. Whiteleather scholarship; Melvin Anderson Endowed Scholarship in Fisheries; Roy Jensen Research Fellowship; Lauren R. Donaldson Scholarship FX Funding for this project was provided by Washington Sea Grant Project RB-49 and scholarships to Louisa Harding from the Richard T. Whiteleather scholarship, the Melvin Anderson Endowed Scholarship in Fisheries, the Roy Jensen Research Fellowship, and the Lauren R. Donaldson Scholarship. The authors also wish to acknowledge Abby Tillotson, Jon Dickey, and Mollie Middleton for technical assistance with fish sampling and Dr. Josep Planas for valuable comments during the drafting of this manuscript. NR 107 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 7 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD OCT 15 PY 2013 VL 142 BP 146 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.07.020 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 267JM UT WOS:000328093900015 PM 24007788 ER PT J AU Incardona, JP Swarts, TL Edmunds, RC Linbo, TL Aquilina-Beck, A Sloan, CA Gardner, LD Block, BA Scholz, NL AF Incardona, John P. Swarts, Tanya L. Edmunds, Richard C. Linbo, Tiffany L. Aquilina-Beck, Allisan Sloan, Catherine A. Gardner, Luke D. Block, Barbara A. Scholz, Nathaniel L. TI Exxon Valdez to Deepwater Horizon: Comparable toxicity of both crude oils to fish early life stages SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Oil spills; Fish development; Embryology; Cardiotoxicity; Zebrafish; PAHs ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CARDIAC NEURAL CREST; CEREBRAL VASCULAR STABILITY; HERRING CLUPEA-PALLASI; ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; 2ND HEART FIELD; PHOTOENHANCED TOXICITY; ZEBRAFISH; EMBRYOS AB The 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster in the Gulf of Mexico was the largest oil spill in United States history. Crude oils are highly toxic to developing fish embryos, and many pelagic fish species were spawning in the northern Gulf in the months before containment of the damaged Mississippi Canyon 252 (MC252) wellhead (April July). The largest prior U.S. spill was the 1989 grounding of the Exxon Valdez that released 11 million gallons of Alaska North Slope crude oil (ANSCO) into Prince William Sound. Numerous studies in the aftermath of the Exxon Valdez spill defined a conventional crude oil injury phenotype in fish early life stages, mediated primarily by tokicity to the developing heart. To determine whether this type of injury extends to fishes exposed to crude oil from the Deepwater Horizon MC252 incident, we used zebrafish to compare the embryotoxicity of ANSCO alongside unweathered and weathered MC252 oil. We also developed a standardized protocol for generating dispersed oil water-accommodated fractions containing microdroplets of crude oil in the size range of those detected in subsurface plumes in the Gulf. We show here that MC252 oil and ANSCO cause similar cardiotoxicity and photo-induced toxicity in zebrafish embryos. Morphological defects and patterns of cytochrome P450 induction were largely indistinguishable and generally correlated with polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) composition of each oil type. Analyses of embryos exposed during different developmental windows provided additional insight into mechanisms of crude oil cardiotoxicity. These findings indicate that the impacts of MC252 crude oil on fish embryos and larvae are consistent with the canonical ANSCO cardiac injury phenotype. For those marine fish species that spawned in the northern Gulf of Mexico during and after the Deepwater Horizon incident, the established literature can therefore inform the assessment of natural resource injury in the form of potential year-class losses. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Incardona, John P.; Swarts, Tanya L.; Edmunds, Richard C.; Linbo, Tiffany L.; Aquilina-Beck, Allisan; Sloan, Catherine A.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.] NOAA, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. [Gardner, Luke D.; Block, Barbara A.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Incardona, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. EM john.incardona@noaa.gov RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013 OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 NR 69 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 14 U2 172 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD OCT 15 PY 2013 VL 142 BP 303 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.08.011 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 267JM UT WOS:000328093900031 PM 24080042 ER PT J AU Williams, PA Hadler, JA Lee, R Maring, FC Lehman, JH AF Williams, Paul A. Hadler, Joshua A. Lee, Robert Maring, Frank C. Lehman, John H. TI Use of radiation pressure for measurement of high-power laser emission SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We demonstrate a paradigm in absolute laser radiometry where a laser beam's power can be measured from its radiation pressure. Using an off-the-shelf high-accuracy mass scale, a 530 W Yb-doped fiber laser, and a 92 kW CO2 laser, we present preliminary results of absolute optical power measurements with inaccuracies of better than 7% to 13%. We find negligible contribution from radiometric (thermal) forces. We also identify this scale's dynamic-force noise floor for a 0.1 Hz modulation frequency as 4 mu N/Hz(1/2) or, as optical power sensitivity, 600 W/Hz(1/2). C1 [Williams, Paul A.; Hadler, Joshua A.; Lehman, John H.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lee, Robert; Maring, Frank C.] Scientech Inc, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Williams, PA (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM paul.williams@nist.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 20 BP 4248 EP 4251 DI 10.1364/OL.38.004248 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 246WD UT WOS:000326570300073 PM 24321971 ER PT J AU Worton, DR Surratt, JD LaFranchi, BW Chan, AWH Zhao, YL Weber, RJ Park, JH Gilman, JB de Gouw, J Park, C Schade, G Beaver, M St Clair, JM Crounse, J Wennberg, P Wolfe, GM Harrold, S Thornton, JA Farmer, DK Docherty, KS Cubison, MJ Jimenez, JL Frossard, AA Russell, LM Kristensen, K Glasius, M Mao, JQ Ren, XR Brune, W Browne, EC Pusede, SE Cohen, RC Seinfeld, JH Goldsteint, AH AF Worton, David R. Surratt, Jason D. LaFranchi, Brian W. Chan, Arthur W. H. Zhao, Yunliang Weber, Robin J. Park, Jeong-Hoo Gilman, Jessica B. de Gouw, Joost Park, Changhyoun Schade, Gunnar Beaver, Melinda St Clair, Jason M. Crounse, John Wennberg, Paul Wolfe, Glenn M. Harrold, Sara Thornton, Joel A. Farmer, Delphine K. Docherty, Kenneth S. Cubison, Michael J. Jimenez, Jose-Luis Frossard, Amanda A. Russell, Lynn M. Kristensen, Kasper Glasius, Marianne Mao, Jingqiu Ren, Xinrong Brune, William Browne, Eleanor C. Pusede, Sally E. Cohen, Ronald C. Seinfeld, John H. Goldsteint, Allen H. TI Observational Insights into Aerosol Formation from Isoprene SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; SIERRA-NEVADA MOUNTAINS; METHYL VINYL KETONE; PEROXY NITRATES PAN; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ORGANOSULFATE FORMATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NITROGEN-OXIDES; TROPOSPHERIC OH; VAPOR-PRESSURES AB Atmospheric photooxidation of isoprene is an important source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and there is increasing evidence that anthropogenic oxidant emissions can enhance this SOA formation. In this work, we use ambient observations of organosulfates formed from isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) and methacrylic acid epoxide (MAE) and a broad suite of chemical measurements to investigate the relative importance of nitrogen oxide (NO/NO2) and hydroperoxyl (HO2) SOA formation pathways from isoprene at a forested site in California. In contrast to IEPOX, the calculated production rate of MAE was observed to be independent of temperature. This is the result of the very fast thermolysis of MPAN at high temperatures that affects the distribution of the MPAN reservoir (MPAN / MPA radical) reducing the fraction that can react with OH to form MAE and subsequently SOA (F-MAE (formation)). The strong temperature dependence of F-MAE (formation) helps to explain our observations of similar concentrations of LEPDX-derived organosulfates (IEPOX-OS; similar to 1 ng m(-3)) and MAE-derived organosulfates (MAE-OS; similar to 1 ng m(-3)) under cooler conditions (lower isoprene concentrations) and much higher IEPOX-OS (similar to 20 ng m(-3)) relative to MAE-OS (<0.0005 ng m(-3)) at higher temperatures (higher isoprene concentrations). A kinetic model of IEPOX and MAE loss showed that MAE forms 10-100 times more ring-opening products than IEPOX and that both are strongly dependent on aerosol water content when aerosol pH is constant. However, the higher fraction of MAE ring opening products does not compensate for the lower MAE production under warmer conditions (higher isoprene concentrations) resulting in lower formation of MAE-derived products relative to IEPOX at the surface. In regions of high NOx high isoprene emissions and strong vertical mixing the slower MPAN thermolysis rate aloft could increase the fraction of MPAN that forms MAE resulting in a vertically varying isoprene SOA source. C1 [Worton, David R.; Chan, Arthur W. H.; Zhao, Yunliang; Weber, Robin J.; Park, Jeong-Hoo; Goldsteint, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [LaFranchi, Brian W.; Browne, Eleanor C.; Pusede, Sally E.; Cohen, Ronald C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Worton, David R.; Cubison, Michael J.] Aerosol Dynam Inc, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. [Surratt, Jason D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Gidlings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Gilman, Jessica B.; de Gouw, Joost; Farmer, Delphine K.; Docherty, Kenneth S.; Cubison, Michael J.; Jimenez, Jose-Luis] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gilman, Jessica B.; de Gouw, Joost; Farmer, Delphine K.; Docherty, Kenneth S.; Cubison, Michael J.; Jimenez, Jose-Luis] Univ Colorado, Dept Biochem & Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gilman, Jessica B.; de Gouw, Joost] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Park, Changhyoun; Schade, Gunnar] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Beaver, Melinda; St Clair, Jason M.; Crounse, John; Wennberg, Paul] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wolfe, Glenn M.; Harrold, Sara; Thornton, Joel A.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Frossard, Amanda A.; Russell, Lynn M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Kristensen, Kasper; Glasius, Marianne] Univ Aarhus, Dept Chem, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Mao, Jingqiu] Princeton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mao, Jingqiu] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Ren, Xinrong] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Brune, William] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Goldsteint, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Worton, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dworton@berkeley.edu RI Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Worton, David/A-8374-2012; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Park, Jeong-Hoo/I-2923-2013; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Surratt, Jason/D-3611-2009; Ren, Xinrong/E-7838-2015; Browne, Eleanor/J-4517-2015; Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Schade, Gunnar/G-9000-2012; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Thornton, Joel/C-1142-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Chan, Arthur/I-2233-2013; OI Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Worton, David/0000-0002-6558-5586; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Surratt, Jason/0000-0002-6833-1450; Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666; Browne, Eleanor/0000-0002-8076-9455; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Schade, Gunnar/0000-0003-4327-0839; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867; Chan, Arthur/0000-0001-7392-4237; Glasius, Marianne/0000-0002-4404-6989 FU NSF [ATM-0922562, ATM-0639847, ATM-0919189, ATM-0516610, ATM-0934408, ATM-0934345]; NASA Earth Systems Science Fellowship [NNG-05GP64H]; U.S.-EPA STAR Fellowship [FP-91698901]; NSF US-NORDIC BSOA workshop program FX Funding for UCB was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF, Grants ATM-0922562 and ATM-0639847). DKF, KSD, MJC and JLJ were supported by NSF ATM-0919189. JBG and JDG were partially supported by NSF ATM-0516610. GMW acknowledges support from NASA Earth Systems Science Fellowship NNG-05GP64H and U.S.-EPA STAR Fellowship (FP-91698901). MRB, JMC, JC, and POW were supported by NSF ATM-0934408 and ATM-0934345. Analyses at the University of Aarhus were partially funded by the NSF US-NORDIC BSOA workshop program. The authors acknowledge Sierra Pacific Industries for the use of their land and the Blodgett Forest Research Station for cooperation in facilitating this research. The authors thank S. S. Cliff (University of California, Davis) for the loan of the high volume filter sampler, N. C. Bouvier-Brown (Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles) for assistance with filter collection, J. Murphy (University of Toronto) for initial discussions about the E-AIM model, N. Eddingsaas (Caltech) for providing the BEPOX-derived organosulfate standard, D. Covert (University of Washington) for providing the SMPS measurements in 2009 and M. Chan and K. Schilling (Caltech) for their assistance with filter extractions and UPLC/ESI-HR-TOFMS analyses. NR 75 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 15 U2 189 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 20 BP 11403 EP 11413 DI 10.1021/es4011064 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 240UQ UT WOS:000326123600007 PM 24004194 ER PT J AU Norton, JG Mason, JE Bessey, C Herrick, SF AF Norton, Jerrold G. Mason, Janet E. Bessey, Cindy Herrick, Samuel F. TI Physical, biological and economic interconnections in the ecosystems and fisheries off California, 1877-2004 SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID SANTA-BARBARA BASIN; SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; CURRENT SYSTEM; ENVIRONMENTAL-INFLUENCES; SAMPLING ERRORS; ROSSBY WAVES; CLIMATE; ABUNDANCE AB Comparisons of variation in physical, biological and economic indicators from 1877 to 2004 indicate that events in the physical ocean environment off California can be traced through the ecosystem to the commercial fishers' economic environment. The annual landed weight of 29 commercial fish and invertebrate species, with various life histories and trophic associations, were used in an empirical orthogonal function analyses to isolate two major patterns of variation in the landings and form a graphical ecospace. This ecospace shows that dominant species associations have occurred in the landings during particular time intervals. These changes in ecospace are closely correlated to variation in physical environmental indices (r(2) > 0.8). The analysis indicates that 50% of the landings variability is summarized in the two patterns, which represent variation at intervals greater than 40 years and less than 20 years. When the independently derived fish landings series are lengthened using published data and proxies, the physical to ecological to economic linkages are shown to occur from the late 19th century until 2004. When the purse seine fishery failure of the early 1920s and the growth of sardine cannery infrastructure from 1900 to 1945 are examined, results are consistent with perturbations beginning in the physical environment that are transferred through the ecosystem to influence the fishers' harvest opportunities. These harvests will then influence future fisheries investment. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 [Norton, Jerrold G.; Mason, Janet E.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Bessey, Cindy] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33265 USA. [Herrick, Samuel F.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Norton, JG (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM Jerrold.G.Norton@noaa.gov; Janet.Mason@noaa.gov; cbessey@fiu.edu; Sam.Herrick@noaa.gov NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD OCT 15 PY 2013 VL 310 BP 7 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2011.10.041 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 242CD UT WOS:000326214100003 ER PT J AU Shevliakova, E Stouffer, RJ Malyshev, S Krasting, JP Hurtt, GC Pacala, SW AF Shevliakova, Elena Stouffer, Ronald J. Malyshev, Sergey Krasting, John P. Hurtt, George C. Pacala, Stephen W. TI Historical warming reduced due to enhanced land carbon uptake SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE climate change; carbon sink; earth system modeling ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SYSTEM MODEL; WOOD HARVEST; COVER CHANGE; INCREASE; CLIMATE; FUTURE; EMISSIONS; DIOXIDE; FORESTS AB Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of enhanced vegetation growth under future elevated atmospheric CO2 for 21st century climate warming. Surprisingly no study has completed an analogous assessment for the historical period, during which emissions of greenhouse gases increased rapidly and land-use changes (LUC) dramatically altered terrestrial carbon sources and sinks. Using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory comprehensive Earth System Model ESM2G and a reconstruction of the LUC, we estimate that enhanced vegetation growth has lowered the historical atmospheric CO2 concentration by 85 ppm, avoiding an additional 0.31 +/- 0.06 degrees C warming. We demonstrate that without enhanced vegetation growth the total residual terrestrial carbon flux (i.e., the net land flux minus LUC flux) would be a source of 65-82 Gt of carbon (GtC) to atmosphere instead of the historical residual carbon sink of 186-192 GtC, a carbon saving of 251-274 GtC. C1 [Shevliakova, Elena; Malyshev, Sergey; Pacala, Stephen W.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Stouffer, Ronald J.; Krasting, John P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Hurtt, George C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Pacala, SW (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM pacala@princeton.edu RI Shevliakova, Elena/J-5770-2014 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US Department of Commerce) [NA08OAR4320752]; US Department of Agriculture [2011-67003-30373]; Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University; British Petroleum FX We thank J. M. Gregory, A. Jain, J. L. Russell, T. C. Knutson, and C. Raphael for comments on the manuscript. E. S., S. M., and S. W. P. acknowledge support in part from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US Department of Commerce) Grant NA08OAR4320752, the US Department of Agriculture Grant 2011-67003-30373, and the Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University, sponsored by British Petroleum. NR 37 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 44 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 15 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 42 BP 16730 EP 16735 DI 10.1073/pnas.1314047110 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 234HT UT WOS:000325634200021 PM 24062452 ER PT J AU Perretti, CT Munch, SB Sugihara, G AF Perretti, Charles T. Munch, Stephan B. Sugihara, George TI Reply to Hartig and Dormann: The true model myth SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter ID FORECASTING OUTPERFORMS C1 [Perretti, Charles T.; Sugihara, George] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Munch, Stephan B.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Perretti, CT (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM cperrett@ucsd.edu NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 23 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 15 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 42 BP E3976 EP E3977 DI 10.1073/pnas.1312461110 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 234HT UT WOS:000325634200004 PM 24278967 ER PT J AU Charvet, CD Saadane, A Wang, MY Salomon, RG Brunengraber, H Turko, IV Pikuleva, IA AF Charvet, Casey D. Saadane, Aicha Wang, Meiyao Salomon, Robert G. Brunengraber, Henri Turko, Illarion V. Pikuleva, Irina A. TI Pretreatment with Pyridoxamine Mitigates Isolevuglandin-associated Retinal Effects in Mice Exposed to Bright Light SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED PHOTORECEPTOR DEGENERATION; 4-HYDROXYNONENAL PROTEIN ADDUCTS; LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; MACULAR DEGENERATION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; GAMMA-KETOALDEHYDES; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ISOPROSTANE PATHWAY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB The benefits of antioxidant therapy for treating age-related macular degeneration, a devastating retinal disease, are limited. Perhaps species other than reactive oxygen intermediates should be considered as therapeutic targets. These could be lipid peroxidation products, including isolevuglandins (isoLGs), prototypical and extraordinarily reactive gamma-ketoaldehydes that avidly bind to proteins, phospholipids, and DNA and modulate the properties of these biomolecules. We found isoLG adducts in aged human retina but not in the retina of mice kept under dim lighting. Hence, to test whether scavenging of isoLGs could complement or supplant antioxidant therapy, we exposed mice to bright light and found that this insult leads to retinal isoLG-adduct formation. We then pretreated mice with pyridoxamine, a B-6 vitamer and efficient scavenger of gamma-ketoaldehydes, and found that the levels of retinal isoLG adducts are decreased, and morphological changes in photoreceptor mitochondria are not as pronounced as in untreated animals. Our study demonstrates that preventing the damage to biomolecules by lipid peroxidation products, a novel concept in vision research, is a viable strategy to combat oxidative stress in the retina. C1 [Charvet, Casey D.; Saadane, Aicha; Pikuleva, Irina A.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Salomon, Robert G.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Brunengraber, Henri] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Nutr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Wang, Meiyao; Turko, Illarion V.] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Wang, Meiyao; Turko, Illarion V.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pikuleva, IA (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, 2085 Adelbert Rd,Rm 303, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM iap8@case.edu FU National Institutes of Health [EY018383, GM21249, R33DK070291, T32-EY007157]; Visual Sciences Research Center [P30 EY11373]; Jules and Doris Stein Research Professorship from Research to Prevent Blindness FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of Health Grants EY018383 (to I.A.P.), GM21249 (to R.G.S.), and R33DK070291 (to H.B.), and Visual Sciences Research Center Core Grant P30 EY11373. This work was also supported by the Jules and Doris Stein Research Professorship from Research to Prevent Blindness (to I.A.P.).; Recipient of a fellowship from the National Institutes of Health (Training Grant T32-EY007157). NR 100 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 11 PY 2013 VL 288 IS 41 BP 29267 EP 29280 DI 10.1074/jbc.M113.498832 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 302OT UT WOS:000330615300007 PM 23970548 ER PT J AU Alberca, A Nemes, NM Mompean, FJ Feher, T Simon, F Tornos, J Leon, C Munuera, C Kirby, BJ Fitzsimmons, MR Hernando, A Santamaria, J Garcia-Hernandez, M AF Alberca, A. Nemes, N. M. Mompean, F. J. Feher, T. Simon, F. Tornos, J. Leon, C. Munuera, C. Kirby, B. J. Fitzsimmons, M. R. Hernando, A. Santamaria, J. Garcia-Hernandez, M. TI Magnetoelastic coupling in La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/BaTiO3 ultrathin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; OXIDES AB The magnetism of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (LCMO) epitaxial thin films grown on SrTiO3 (STO) and BaTiO3 (BTO) substrates is studied using polarized neutron reflectometry (PNR) and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) techniques. In LCMO/BTO, PNR reveals a strongly suppressed magnetization of 300 kA/m, equivalent to a magnetic moment of 2 mu B/Mn, throughout the LCMO layer, amounting to half the expected value. The largest suppression occurs near the interface with BTO, with magnetization values of 50 kA/m, equivalent to 0.3 mu B/Mn. FMR is observable at 8.9 GHz only around the [110] crystallographic direction in thin LCMO/BTO. The resonance barely shifts as the applied field is rotated away from [110]. The FMR results are analyzed in terms of magnetoelastic anisotropy and compared to LCMO/STO grown under the same conditions. A two-layer magnetization model is proposed, based on strong out-of-plane anisotropy near the BTO interface and shown to qualitatively explain the main characteristics of the FMR results. C1 [Alberca, A.; Mompean, F. J.; Munuera, C.; Garcia-Hernandez, M.] CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Madrid, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Nemes, N. M.; Tornos, J.; Leon, C.; Santamaria, J.] Univ Complutense, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, ES-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Hernando, A.] Univ Complutense, Dept Fis Mat, ES-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Hernando, A.] Univ Complutense, Inst Magnetismo Aplicado Salvador Velayos, ES-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Feher, T.; Simon, F.] Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Dept Phys, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary. [Feher, T.; Simon, F.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Condensed Matter Res Grp, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary. [Alberca, A.; Nemes, N. M.; Mompean, F. J.; Tornos, J.; Leon, C.; Munuera, C.; Santamaria, J.; Garcia-Hernandez, M.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Unidad Asociada Consejo Super Invest Cient, Lab Heteroestruct Aplicac Spintron, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Kirby, B. J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fitzsimmons, M. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Alberca, A (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Madrid, Sor Juana Ines Cruz 3, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain. RI Leon, Carlos/A-5587-2008; Simon, Ferenc/G-7580-2011; Garcia-Hernandez, Mar/J-9520-2014; Munuera, Carmen/J-9928-2014; Mompean, Federico/B-8713-2011; Santamaria, Jacobo/N-8783-2016; Hernando, Antonio/E-2105-2015 OI Leon, Carlos/0000-0002-3262-1843; Simon, Ferenc/0000-0001-9822-4309; Garcia-Hernandez, Mar/0000-0002-5987-0647; Santamaria, Jacobo/0000-0003-4594-2686; FU Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation [MAT2011-27470-C02-01, MAT2011-27470-C02-02, CSD2009-00013]; European Research Council [ERC-259374-Sylo]; Office of Basic Energy Science (BES), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), BES-Department of Materials Science; DOE's Office of BES, Division of Materials Research [DE FG03-87ER-45332]; Hungarian OTKA [K107228, CNK80991]; Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX We thank Maria Jose Calderon for useful discussions. We acknowledge funding from the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation through Grants No. MAT2011-27470-C02-01, No. MAT2011-27470-C02-02, and No. CSD2009-00013. Work supported by the European Research Council Starting Grant No. ERC-259374-Sylo and by the Office of Basic Energy Science (BES), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), BES-Department of Materials Science funded by the DOE's Office of BES, Division of Materials Research under Grant No. DE FG03-87ER-45332 and Hungarian OTKA Grants K107228 and CNK80991. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 74 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 11 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 13 AR 134410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.134410 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 233GF UT WOS:000325555100001 ER PT J AU Rosado-Reyes, C Tsang, W AF Rosado-Reyes, Claudette Tsang, Wing TI Bond Cleavage During Isobutanol Thermal Decomposition and the Breaking of C-C Bonds in Alcohols at High Temperatures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID SHOCK-TUBE; COMBUSTION CHEMISTRY; N-BUTANOL; 2-BUTANOL; OXIDATION; KINETICS; ETHANOL; RADICALS; FUEL AB Isobutanol was thermally decomposed in a single pulse shock tube under conditions where chain processes were suppressed. The main reaction is the breaking of C C bonds. Literature rate expressions, experimentally determined, are found in some cases to be in disagreement. The rate expressions for the decomposition processes at temperatures of 1090 to 1240 K and pressures of 1.5 and 6 atm are k(isobutanol -> isopropyl + hYdroxymethyl) + k(isobutanol -> methyl + 1-hydroxypropyl-2) = 10(16.7 +/- 0.3) exp(-41097 +/- 750) s(-1), where k(isobutanol -> isopropyl + hydroxymethyl) = 10(16.45 +/- 0.3) exp(-40910 +/- 750/T) s(-1) and k(isobutanol -> methyl + 1-hydroxypropyl-2) = 10(16.38 +/- 0.3) exp(-41560 +/- 750/T) s(-1). These values permit comparisons with recent estimates including those from ab initio calculations. A new procedure is presented that uses information on the kinetics of bond breaking reactions of alkanes and the effect of OH substitution to derive rate coefficients for similar reactions of alcohols. This leads to the following rate expression for the smaller alcohols, at temperatures of 1090 to 1240 K and pressures of 1.5 and 6 atm, k(ethanol -> methyl + hydroxymethyl) = 10(16.42 +/- 0.3) exp(-43496 +/- 750 K/T) s(-1) k(isopropanol -> methyl + 1-hydroxyethyl) = 10(16.54 +/- 0.3) exp(-42495 +/- 750 K/T) s(-1), k(n-propanol -> ethyl + hydroxymethyl) = 10(16.43 +/- 0.3) exp(-41696 +/- 750 K/T) s(-1), and k(n-propanol -> methyl + 2-hydroxymethyl) = 10(16.53 +/- 0.3) exp(-42945 +/- 750 K/T)s(-1). Extension of this approach to other alcohols is straightforward. The resulting correlations along with the data on dehydration of alcohols provide novel information of the kinetic stability of alcohols. C1 [Rosado-Reyes, Claudette; Tsang, Wing] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rosado-Reyes, C (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM claudette.rosado-reyes@nist.gov NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 EI 1520-5215 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 10 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 40 BP 10170 EP 10177 DI 10.1021/jp404877t PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 244DI UT WOS:000326366900004 PM 23968459 ER PT J AU Thomsen, DL Axson, JL Schroder, SD Lane, JR Vaida, V Kjaergaard, HG AF Thomsen, Ditte L. Axson, Jessica L. Schroder, Sidsel D. Lane, Joseph R. Vaida, Veronica Kjaergaard, Henrik G. TI Intramolecular Interactions in 2-Aminoethanol and 3-Aminopropanol SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID AMINE-ALCOHOL SYSTEMS; NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; NONCOVALENT INTERACTION REGIONS; STRETCHING OVERTONE SPECTRA; HYDROGEN-BONDED COMPLEXES; GASEOUS-MIXTURES; AB-INITIO; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; VAPOR-PHASE; GAS-PHASE AB Gas-phase vibrational spectra of 2-aminoethanol and 3-aminopropanol were recorded up to the third OH-stretching overtone using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, cavity ringdown spectroscopy, and intracavity laser photoacoustic spectroscopy. The experimental investigation was supplemented by local mode calculations, and the intramolecular interactions were investigated using atoms in molecules (AIM) and noncovalent interactions (NCI) theories. All calculations were performed at the CCSD(T)-F12a/VDZ-F12 level of theory. For both compounds the most abundant conformer has a structure that allows for hydrogen bond interaction from the OH group to the N atom of the amino group (OH-N). The spectra show signals from both hydrogen bonded and free OH stretches, implying the presence of several conformers. We observe hydrogen-bond-like interactions in both compounds. The red shift of the bonded OH-stretching frequency and intensity enhancement of the fundamental transition suggest that the hydrogen bond interaction is more pronounced in 3-aminopropanol. AIM analysis supports the presence of a hydrogen bond in 3-aminopropanol but not in 2-aminoethanol, whereas NCI analysis shows hydrogen bonding in both compounds with the stronger interaction found in 3-aminopropanol. C1 [Thomsen, Ditte L.; Schroder, Sidsel D.; Kjaergaard, Henrik G.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Chem, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Axson, Jessica L.; Vaida, Veronica] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Axson, Jessica L.; Vaida, Veronica] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lane, Joseph R.] Univ Waikato, Dept Chem, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand. RP Kjaergaard, HG (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Dept Chem, Univ Pk 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM hgk@chem.ku.dk RI Kjaergaard, Henrik /H-4333-2014; Vaida, Veronica/N-6069-2014; Lane, Joseph/F-8011-2011 OI Kjaergaard, Henrik /0000-0002-7275-8297; Vaida, Veronica/0000-0001-5863-8056; Lane, Joseph/0000-0002-4474-2941 FU Danish Chemical Society; National Science Foundation; Danish Council for Independent Research-Natural Sciences; Danish Center for Scientific Computing (DCSC) FX We are grateful to Julia Contreras-Garcia for helpful discussions. We thank the Danish Chemical Society, the National Science Foundation, the Danish Council for Independent Research-Natural Sciences, and the Danish Center for Scientific Computing (DCSC) for funding. The Waikato High Performance Computing Centre is gratefully acknowledged for computing time. NR 91 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 59 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 EI 1520-5215 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 10 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 40 BP 10260 EP 10273 DI 10.1021/jp405512y PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 244DI UT WOS:000326366900013 PM 24001040 ER PT J AU Wang, H Gomez, ED Guan, ZL Jaye, C Toney, MF Fischer, DA Kahn, A Loo, YL AF Wang, He Gomez, Enrique D. Guan, Zelei Jaye, Cherno Toney, Michael F. Fischer, Daniel A. Kahn, Antoine Loo, Yueh-Lin TI Tuning Contact Recombination and Open-Circuit Voltage in Polymer Solar Cells via Self-Assembled Monolayer Adsorption at the Organic-Metal Oxide Interface SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT MONOLAYERS; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; ACTIVE LAYERS; PERFORMANCE; GOLD; TERPHENYLDITHIOL; SPECTROSCOPY; ORGANIZATION AB We adsorbed fluorinated-alkyl and hydrogenated-alkyl phosphonic acid derivatives onto indium tin oxide (ITO) to form self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Polymer solar cells having these treated ITOs as anodes display open-circuit voltages (V(oc)s) that are higher than those with bare ITO as anodes. Although the work function of ITO can be significantly tuned by SAM adsorption, the position of the Fermi level of the anode with respect to the hole transport level in the polymer active layer is essentially the same in all of the devices, suggesting that changes in the work function of the anode are not responsible for the V-oc variation. Rather, the barrier for minority carrier transport to ITO is altered through SAM adsorption. The adsorption of fluorinated-alkyl phosphonic acid on ITO, in particular, induces a barrier of 2.4 eV for minority carrier transport, which effectively increases carrier selectivity at the anode and increases the V-oc in polymer solar cells comprising such treated ITO as anodes compared to those with untreated anodes. C1 [Wang, He; Gomez, Enrique D.; Loo, Yueh-Lin] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Wang, He; Guan, Zelei; Kahn, Antoine] Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Toney, Michael F.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Loo, YL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM lloo@princeton.edu FU Photovoltaics Program of ONR [N00014-11-10328]; MRSEC program at the NSF through Princeton Center for Complex Materials [DMR-0819860]; NSF's PIRE Program [PIRE 0730243] FX We acknowledge funding from the Photovoltaics Program of ONR (N00014-11-10328), the MRSEC program at the NSF through Princeton Center for Complex Materials (DMR-0819860), and partial funding from NSF's PIRE Program (PIRE 0730243). We also thank Dr. William Potscavage, Prof. Bernard Kippelen, Prof. Sigurd Wagner, and Dr. Robert Street, whose input have strengthened this paper. NR 70 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 EI 1932-7455 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD OCT 10 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 40 BP 20474 EP 20484 DI 10.1021/jp406625e PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 244DH UT WOS:000326366800012 ER PT J AU Yi, F LaVan, DA AF Yi, Feng LaVan, David A. TI Electrospray-assisted nanocalorimetry measurements SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Nanocalorimeter; MEMS; Thermal analysis; Electrospray; Sample deposition; Chip calorimetry ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AMMONIUM-NITRATE; CALORIMETRY; DEPRESSION; IONIZATION; DEPOSITION AB The deposition of uniform, small and properly located samples onto micro-and nano-calorimetry sensors remains a challenge and is a critical aspect of performing these measurements. Here, we describe an electrospray method to deposit a variety of materials over a well-defined area of a chip-based calorimeter for small scale thermal measurements. Electrospray provides a versatile technique for sample deposition. In this work, we demonstrate the deposition of a number of samples, including insoluble inorganic materials (aluminum nanoparticles and Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST)), soluble inorganic materials (ammonium nitrate), bio-materials (lipids) and soluble organic materials (polyethylene oxide films and polyacrylonitrile formed into fibers) onto chip nanocalorimeters. This technique greatly simplifies sample deposition and expands applications for chip-based calorimetry. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Yi, Feng; LaVan, David A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP LaVan, DA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.lavan@nist.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 EI 1872-762X J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD OCT 10 PY 2013 VL 569 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.tca.2013.06.015 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 244BZ UT WOS:000326363400001 ER PT J AU Lee, KJ Stiles, MD Lee, HW Moon, JH Kim, KW Lee, SW AF Lee, Kyung-Jin Stiles, M. D. Lee, Hyun-Woo Moon, Jung-Hwan Kim, Kyoung-Whan Lee, Seo-Won TI Self-consistent calculation of spin transport and magnetization dynamics SO PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Review ID DOMAIN-WALL MOTION; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; TRANSFER TORQUES; FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; POLARIZED CURRENT; PHASE-LOCKING; FREE LAYERS; DRIVEN; MGO; MULTILAYERS AB A spin-polarized current transfers its spin-angular momentum to a local magnetization, exciting various types of current-induced magnetization dynamics. So far, most studies in this field have focused on the direct effect of spin transport on magnetization dynamics, but ignored the feedback from the magnetization dynamics to the spin transport and back to the magnetization dynamics. Although the feedback is usually weak, there are situations when it can play an important role in the dynamics. In such situations, simultaneous, self-consistent calculations of the magnetization dynamics and the spin transport can accurately describe the feedback. This review describes in detail the feedback mechanisms, and presents recent progress in self-consistent calculations of the coupled dynamics. We pay special attention to three representative examples, where the feedback generates non-local effective interactions for the magnetization after the spin accumulation has been integrated out. Possibly the most dramatic feedback example is the dynamic instability in magnetic nanopillars with a single magnetic layer. This instability does not occur without non-local feedback. We demonstrate that full self-consistent calculations generate simulation results in much better agreement with experiments than previous calculations that addressed the feedback effect approximately. The next example is for more typical spin valve nanopillars. Although the effect of feedback is less dramatic because even without feedback the current can make stationary states unstable and induce magnetization oscillation, the feedback can still have important consequences. For instance, we show that the feedback can reduce the linewidth of oscillations, in agreement with experimental observations. A key aspect of this reduction is the suppression of the excitation of short wavelength spin waves by the non-local feedback. Finally, we consider nonadiabatic electron transport in narrow domain walls. The non-local feedback in these systems leads to a significant renormalization of the effective nonadiabatic spin transfer torque. These examples show that the self-consistent treatment of spin transport and magnetization dynamics is important for understanding the physics of the coupled dynamics and for providing a bridge between the ongoing research fields of current-induced magnetization dynamics and the newly emerging fields of magnetization-dynamics-induced generation of charge and spin currents. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Kyung-Jin; Moon, Jung-Hwan; Lee, Seo-Won] Korea Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Lee, Kyung-Jin] Korea Univ, KU KIST Grad Sch Converging Sci & Technol, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Lee, Kyung-Jin; Stiles, M. D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, Kyung-Jin] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lee, Hyun-Woo; Kim, Kyoung-Whan] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, Kyungbuk, South Korea. RP Lee, KJ (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. EM kj_lee@korea.ac.kr RI Lee, Hyun-Woo/B-8995-2008; Lee, Kyung-Jin/B-4431-2010; Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012; Kim, Kyoung-Whan/E-5582-2015 OI Lee, Hyun-Woo/0000-0002-1648-8093; Lee, Kyung-Jin/0000-0001-6269-2266; Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; Kim, Kyoung-Whan/0000-0002-1382-7088 FU NRF [2010-0023798, 2011-028163, NRF-2013R1A2A2A01013188]; MEST Pioneer Research Center Program [2011-0027905]; KU-KIST School Joint Research Program; University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology [70NANB10H193] FX We thank B. Dieny, A. Vedyayev, G.E.W. Bauer, A. Kent, J.Z. Sun, I.N. Krivorotov, A.N. Slavin, J.-V. Kim, S. Zhang, A. Manchon, R.D. McMichael, and T.J. Silva for fruitful discussions. This work was supported by the NRF (2010-0023798, 2011-028163, NRF-2013R1A2A2A01013188), the MEST Pioneer Research Center Program (2011-0027905), and KU-KIST School Joint Research Program. K.J.L. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 182 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-1573 EI 1873-6270 J9 PHYS REP JI Phys. Rep.-Rev. Sec. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 10 PY 2013 VL 531 IS 2 BP 89 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.physrep.2013.05.006 PG 25 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 235SF UT WOS:000325740300001 ER PT J AU Wynne, TT Stumpf, RP Briggs, TO AF Wynne, T. T. Stumpf, R. P. Briggs, T. O. TI Comparing MODIS and MERIS spectral shapes for cyanobacterial bloom detection SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID RED TIDE DETECTION; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; LAKE-ERIE; MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; ALGORITHMS; ABSORPTION; DYNAMICS AB A spectral shape algorithm applied to Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) imagery has detected cyanobacterial blooms, with extensive examples in Lake Erie. The detection algorithm uses an approximation of the second derivative as a measure of spectral shape around the 681 nm band S-2d(681). With the end of the MERIS mission on 8 April 2012, an analogue was developed for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to continue monitoring for these blooms. The MODIS analogue uses the standard (s) (Rayleigh-corrected reflectance) to determine S-2d(678), which is computationally equivalent to the negative of the MODIS fluorescent line height (FLH). A comparison was made of the two products from image pairs during a period of relatively severe blooms of cyanobacteria (2008-2011). When the MODIS bands do not saturate due to surface scums from high cyanobacteria biomass or conditions of glint or dense aerosols, the algorithms produce comparable results with a linear transform of the MODIS S-2d(678). The results indicate that MODIS can be used to monitor these blooms. Dense cyanobacteria blooms will produce negative FLH showing a limitation of FLH for bloom detection. The S-2d(678) offers a tool to support monitoring for dense algal blooms. C1 [Wynne, T. T.; Stumpf, R. P.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20190 USA. [Briggs, T. O.] CSS Dynamac, Silver Spring, MD 20190 USA. RP Wynne, TT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20190 USA. EM timothy.wynne@noaa.gov FU NASA [NNH08ZDA001N, NNH09AL53I] FX MERIS imagery was provided by the European Space Agency (Category-1 Proposal C1P.3975). Funding was provided the NASA Applied Science Program announcement NNH08ZDA001N under contract NNH09AL53I. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 46 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD OCT 10 PY 2013 VL 34 IS 19 BP 6668 EP 6678 DI 10.1080/01431161.2013.804228 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 180QI UT WOS:000321609300013 ER PT J AU Huang, RYC Hudgens, JW AF Huang, Richard Y-C Hudgens, Jeffrey W. TI Effects of Desialylation on Human alpha 1-Acid Glycoprotein-Ligand Interactions SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN ALPHA(1)-ACID GLYCOPROTEIN; EXCHANGE-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SINGLE-RESIDUE RESOLUTION; HYDROGEN-EXCHANGE; HYDROGEN/DEUTERIUM EXCHANGE; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; DISULFIDE BONDS; BINDING-SITE; MS DATA; PROTEIN AB Human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), an acute-phase glycoprotein, exists predominantly in blood. With its ability to bind basic, lipophilic, and acidic drugs, AGP has served as a drug carrier. It has been shown that the carbohydrate composition of AGP changes in response to tissue injury, inflammation, or infection and can have a great impact on AGP's drug binding activities. The molecular-level details of the effects of desialylation on the AGP conformation and AGP-ligand interactions, however, are unknown. Here we report the use of hydrogen-deuterium exchange coupled with mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to reveal the changes in AGP conformational dynamics induced by the removal of terminal sialic acid. HDX-MS also reveals the changes in the conformational dynamics of sialylated and unsialylated AGP upon formation of complexes of holo-AGP with progesterone or propranolol. Our HDX-MS results demonstrate that desialylation stabilizes two loop regions that are exterior to the beta-sheet barrel in AGP, and this stabilization minimizes the conformational changes of AGP upon binding with progesterone or propranolol. C1 [Huang, Richard Y-C; Hudgens, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Bioproc Measurements Grp, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Huang, Richard Y-C; Hudgens, Jeffrey W.] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Hudgens, JW (reprint author), NIST, Bioproc Measurements Grp, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.hudgens@nist.gov FU National Academy of Science's National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship FX R.Y.-C.H. acknowledges the support of a National Academy of Science's National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 EI 1943-295X J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD OCT 8 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 40 BP 7127 EP 7136 DI 10.1021/bi4011094 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 243YY UT WOS:000326355500020 PM 24041412 ER PT J AU Hore, MJA Hammouda, B Li, YY Cheng, H AF Hore, Michael J. A. Hammouda, Boualem Li, Yuyan Cheng, He TI Co-Nonsolvency of Poly(n-isopropylacrylamide) in Deuterated Water/Ethanol Mixtures SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MIXED-SOLVENTS; WATER/METHANOL MIXTURE; RAFT POLYMERIZATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; WATER; TRANSITION; CONONSOLVENCY; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS AB Small-angle neutron scattering was used to investigate poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) polymer solutions in d-water/d-ethanol mixtures. A wide poor-solvent region was observed for mixtures near 60% d-water/40% d-ethanol mixture. Spinodal lines were determined, permitting a mapping of the mixing/demixing regions of the phase diagram which comprises two main branches: the left branch (with mostly d-ethanol) where phase separation occurs upon cooling (UCST) and the right branch (with mostly d-water) where phase separation occurs upon heating (LCST). The ternary random phase approximation model was used to analyze SANS data. Three Flory-Huggins interaction parameters (PNIPAM/d-water, PNIPAM/d-ethanol and d-water/d-ethanol) were obtained. These display the reassuring 1/T behavior but show strong dependence on d-water/d-ethanol fraction. The conformation of polymer chains was determined by monitoring of the radius of gyration. Chains tend to swell with increasing temperature except close to the boundary of the left branch of the phase diagram (40% d-water) where they are observed to shrink. C1 [Hore, Michael J. A.; Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Yuyan; Cheng, He] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, State Key Lab Polymer Phys & Chem, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. RP Hore, MJA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.hore@nist.gov; hammouda@nist.gov; chenghe@iccas.ac.cn RI Hore, Michael/F-7534-2012 OI Hore, Michael/0000-0003-2571-2111 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; National Research Council (NRC) postdoctoral fellowship at the NIST Center for Neutron Research; National Natural Scientific Foundation of China [21174152] FX The identification of commercial products does not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that these are the best for the purpose. This work is based upon activities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. M.J.A.H. was supported by a National Research Council (NRC) postdoctoral fellowship at the NIST Center for Neutron Research. H.C. was supported by the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China (No. 21174152). Helpful discussions with Nitash Balsara and Charles Han are appreciated. NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 13 U2 95 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 8 PY 2013 VL 46 IS 19 BP 7894 EP 7901 DI 10.1021/ma401665h PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 243YV UT WOS:000326355200035 ER PT J AU Akgun, B Satija, S Nanda, H Pirrone, GF Shi, XM Engen, JR Kent, MS AF Akgun, Bulent Satija, Sushi Nanda, Hirsh Pirrone, Gregory F. Shi, Xiaomeng Engen, John R. Kent, Michael S. TI Conformational Transition of Membrane-Associated Terminally Acylated HIV-1 Nef SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article ID VIRUS TYPE-1 NEF; BILAYER-LIPID MEMBRANES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SH3 DOMAIN; VIRAL INFECTIVITY; N-MYRISTOYLATION; STRUCTURAL BASIS; DOWN-REGULATION; PROTEIN-KINASE; I NEF AB Many proteins are posttranslationally modified by acylation targeting them to lipid membranes. While methods such as X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance are available to determine the structure of folded proteins in solution, the precise position of folded domains relative to a membrane remains largely unknown. We used neutron and X-ray reflection methods to measure the displacement of the core domain of HIV Nef from lipid membranes upon insertion of the N-terminal myristate.HIV-1 accessory proteins, progression. Upon insertion of the myristate and residues from the N-terminal arm, Nef transitions from a closed-to-open conformation that positions the core domain 70 A from the lipid headgroups. This work rules out previous speculation that the Nef core remains closely associated with the membrane to optimize interactions with the cytoplasmic domain of MHC-1. C1 [Akgun, Bulent; Satija, Sushi; Nanda, Hirsh] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Akgun, Bulent; Nanda, Hirsh] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Bogazici Univ, Dept Chem, TR-34342 Istanbul, Turkey. [Pirrone, Gregory F.; Shi, Xiaomeng; Engen, John R.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Kent, Michael S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Kent, MS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM mskent@sandia.gov RI Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011 FU Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; National Institute of Standards and Technology, the U.S. Department of Commerce; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; NIH [R01-GM086507, R01-GM101647-02] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. Research conducted at ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. This work was supported by NIH grant R01-GM086507 (to M.S.K. and J.R.E.) and R01-GM101647-02 (to H.N.) Commercial materials, instruments, and equipment are identified in this paper to specify the experimental procedure as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials, instruments, or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 17 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0969-2126 EI 1878-4186 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD OCT 8 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 10 BP 1822 EP 1833 DI 10.1016/j.str.2013.08.008 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 244TQ UT WOS:000326413500013 PM 24035710 ER PT J AU Forgues, JC Sane, FB Blanchard, S Spietz, L Lupien, C Reulet, B AF Forgues, Jean-Charles Sane, Fatou Bintou Blanchard, Simon Spietz, Lafe Lupien, Christian Reulet, Bertrand TI Noise Intensity-Intensity Correlations and the Fourth Cumulant of Photo-assisted Shot Noise SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID COUNTING STATISTICS; 1/F NOISE; JUNCTION AB We report the measurement of the fourth cumulant of current fluctuations in a tunnel junction under both dc and ac (microwave) excitation. This probes the non-Gaussian character of photo-assisted shot noise. Our measurement reveals the existence of correlations between noise power measured at two different frequencies, which corresponds to two-mode intensity correlations in optics. We observe positive correlations, i.e. photon bunching, which exist only for certain relations between the excitation frequency and the two detection frequencies, depending on the dc bias of the sample. C1 [Forgues, Jean-Charles; Sane, Fatou Bintou; Lupien, Christian; Reulet, Bertrand] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Phys, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Blanchard, Simon] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Genie Elect, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Spietz, Lafe] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Forgues, JC (reprint author), Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Phys, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. EM jean-charles.forgues@usherbrooke.ca RI Lupien, Christian/C-2148-2008 OI Lupien, Christian/0000-0003-1767-8603 FU Canada Excellence Research Chairs program; NSERC; MDEIE; FRQNT via the INTRIQ; Canada Foundation for Innovation FX We acknowledge fruitful discussions with A. Bednorz, W. Belzig, M. Devoret and J. Gabelli and technical help from G. Laliberte. This work was supported by the Canada Excellence Research Chairs program, the NSERC, the MDEIE, the FRQNT via the INTRIQ, and the Canada Foundation for Innovation. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD OCT 8 PY 2013 VL 3 AR 2869 DI 10.1038/srep02869 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 230PT UT WOS:000325355000002 PM 24100407 ER PT J AU Waples, RS Luikart, G Faulkner, JR Tallmon, DA AF Waples, Robin S. Luikart, Gordon Faulkner, James R. Tallmon, David A. TI Simple life-history traits explain key effective population size ratios across diverse taxa SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE overlapping generations; life history; age at maturity; adult lifespan; age structure; iteroparity ID AGE-STRUCTURED POPULATION; OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS; N-E/N; VARIANCE; PROGRAM; NUMBERS; GENES AB Effective population size (N-e) controls both the rate of random genetic drift and the effectiveness of selection and migration, but it is difficult to estimate in nature. In particular, for species with overlapping generations, it is easier to estimate the effective number of breeders in one reproductive cycle (N-b) than N-e per generation. We empirically evaluated the relationship between life history and ratios of N-e, N-b and adult census size (N) using a recently developed model (AGENE) and published vital rates for 63 iteroparous animals and plants. N-b/N-e varied a surprising sixfold across species and, contrary to expectations, N-b was larger than N-e in over half the species. Up to two-thirds of the variance in N-b/N-e and up to half the variance in N-e/N was explained by just two life-history traits (age at maturity and adult lifespan) that have long interested both ecologists and evolutionary biologists. These results provide novel insights into, and demonstrate a close general linkage between, demographic and evolutionary processes across diverse taxa. For the first time, our results also make it possible to interpret rapidly accumulating estimates of N-b in the context of the rich body of evolutionary theory based on N-e per generation. C1 [Waples, Robin S.; Faulkner, James R.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Luikart, Gordon] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Fish & Wildlife Genom Grp, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Tallmon, David A.] Univ Alaska Southeast, Biol & Marine Biol Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016; OI Luikart, Gordon/0000-0001-8697-0582 FU US National Science Foundation [DEB-0742181, DEB-1067613]; Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks FX G.L. was supported in part by funding from US National Science Foundation grant nos. DEB-0742181 and DEB-1067613 and Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks. NR 40 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 81 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD OCT 7 PY 2013 VL 280 IS 1768 AR 20131339 DI 10.1098/rspb.2013.1339 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 298JY UT WOS:000330321300009 PM 23926150 ER PT J AU He, YB Guo, ZY Xiang, SC Zhang, ZJ Zhou, W Fronczek, FR Parkin, S Hyde, ST O'Keeffe, M Chen, BL AF He, Yabing Guo, Zhiyong Xiang, Shengchang Zhang, Zhangjing Zhou, Wei Fronczek, Frank R. Parkin, Sean Hyde, Stephen T. O'Keeffe, Michael Chen, Banglin TI Metastable Interwoven Mesoporous Metal-Organic Frameworks SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HIGHLY SELECTIVE SEPARATION; SMALL HYDROCARBONS; POROUS MATERIALS; METHANE STORAGE; SMALL MOLECULES; CO2 ADSORPTION; GAS SORPTION; HYDROGEN; SITES; EXCHANGE AB Three isostructural interwoven 3,4-connected mesoporous metal-organic frameworks of pto-a topology (UTSA-28-Cu, UTSA-28-Zn, and UTSA-28-Mn) were synthesized and structurally characterized. Because of their metastable nature, their gas sorption properties are highly dependent on the metal ions and activation profiles. The most stable, UTSA-28a-Cu, exhibits promising gas storage and separation capacities. C1 [He, Yabing] Zhejiang Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Jinhua 321004, Peoples R China. [He, Yabing; Guo, Zhiyong; Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Xiang, Shengchang; Zhang, Zhangjing] Fujian Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat, Fuzhou 350007, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Wei] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fronczek, Frank R.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Parkin, Sean] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Hyde, Stephen T.] Australian Natl Univ, Dept Appl Math, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [O'Keeffe, Michael] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP He, YB (reprint author), Zhejiang Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Jinhua 321004, Peoples R China. EM heyabing@gmail.com; banglin.chen@utsa.edu RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010; Xiang, Shengchang/F-9210-2010; Zhang, Zhangjing/P-2680-2014; Guo, Zhiyong/L-5541-2014; He, Yabing/H-3314-2012; Hyde, Stephen/F-9248-2010 OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115; Xiang, Shengchang/0000-0001-6016-2587; Zhang, Zhangjing/0000-0003-1264-7648; Hyde, Stephen/0000-0003-2003-9992 FU Welch Foundation [AX-1730] FX This work was supported by Award AX-1730 from the Welch Foundation (to B.C.). NR 54 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 7 U2 62 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD OCT 7 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 19 BP 11580 EP 11584 DI 10.1021/ic401870e PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 243MF UT WOS:000326319800103 PM 24066615 ER PT J AU Sun, S Kim, H Solomon, GS Waks, E AF Sun, Shuo Kim, Hyochul Solomon, Glenn S. Waks, Edo TI Strain tuning of a quantum dot strongly coupled to a photonic crystal cavity SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNIAXIAL-STRESS; NANOCAVITY AB We demonstrate reversible strain-tuning of a quantum dot strongly coupled to a photonic crystal cavity. We observe an average redshift of 0.45 nm for quantum dots located inside the cavity membrane, achieved with an electric field of 15 kV/cm applied to a piezo-electric actuator. Using this technique, we demonstrate the ability to tune a quantum dot into resonance with a photonic crystal cavity in the strong coupling regime, resulting in a clear anti-crossing. The bare cavity resonance is less sensitive to strain than the quantum dot and shifts by only 0.078 nm at the maximum applied electric field. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Sun, Shuo; Kim, Hyochul; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sun, Shuo; Kim, Hyochul; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Waks, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM edowaks@umd.edu OI Sun, Shuo/0000-0003-4171-0466 FU DARPA Defense Science Office [W31P4Q0910013]; ARO MURI on Hybrid quantum interactions Grant [W911NF09104]; physics frontier center at the joint quantum institute; ONR applied electromagnetic center [N00014-09-1-1190]; NSF [ECCS-0846494] FX The authors would like to acknowledge H. C. Materials Corporation for providing piezo samples. This work was supported by a DARPA Defense Science Office Grant (No. W31P4Q0910013), the ARO MURI on Hybrid quantum interactions Grant (No. W911NF09104), the physics frontier center at the joint quantum institute, and the ONR applied electromagnetic center N00014-09-1-1190. E. Waks would like to acknowledge the support from an NSF CAREER award Grant (No. ECCS-0846494). NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 7 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 15 AR 151102 DI 10.1063/1.4824712 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 236FD UT WOS:000325779700002 ER PT J AU Roh, JH Tyagi, M Hogan, TE Roland, CM AF Roh, J. H. Tyagi, M. Hogan, T. E. Roland, C. M. TI Effect of binding to carbon black on the dynamics of 1,4-polybutadiene SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; GLASS-TRANSITION BEHAVIOR; SOLID-STATE NMR; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; NATURAL-RUBBER; RESTRICTED DYNAMICS; SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; FILLED ELASTOMERS; RANDOM IONOMERS; LOCAL DYNAMICS AB The nature of the interactions of polymers at the surface of nanoparticles is crucial to understanding the dynamics and their relation to mechanical properties. The effect of binding (both chemical attachment and physical adsorption) on the local and global dynamics of chain molecules remains a controversial subject. Using neutron scattering and dynamic mechanical spectroscopies, we measured the slow conformational and terminal relaxations, as well as the fast local dynamics, of 1,4-polybutadiene (PBD) containing carbon black (CB) particles. We observed a substantial decrease in the flexibility of bound segments at temperatures through the glass transition temperature, T-g. The longer range motions of the PBD become more suppressed and cooperative as temperature decreases, while the relaxation time of the fast local dynamics is little affected by the CB particles. The mobile fraction of PBD is less sensitive to temperature when bound. Mechanical spectroscopy indicates that both the local segmental dynamics and the global chain modes are slowed by the filler. These results are consistent with transient structural arrest of the slow dynamics of atoms adjacent to the particles. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Roh, J. H.; Roland, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Tyagi, M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tyagi, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hogan, T. E.] Bridgestone Amer, Ctr Res & Technol, Akron, OH 44317 USA. RP Roh, JH (reprint author), CNR, Rome, Italy. EM mike.roland@nrl.navy.mil RI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014 OI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176 FU National Research Council-Naval Research Laboratory postdoctoral fellowship; Office of Naval Research; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX J.H.R. acknowledges a National Research Council-Naval Research Laboratory postdoctoral fellowship. This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research and utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. The identification of commercial products does not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that these are the best for the purpose. NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 7 PY 2013 VL 139 IS 13 AR 134905 DI 10.1063/1.4822476 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 232OL UT WOS:000325503300038 PM 24116583 ER PT J AU Andersson, N Baker, J Belczynski, K Bernuzzi, S Berti, E Cadonati, L Cerda-Duran, P Clark, J Favata, M Finn, LS Fryer, C Giacomazzo, B Gonzalez, JA Hendry, M Heng, IS Hild, S Johnson-McDaniel, N Kalmus, P Klimenko, S Kobayashi, S Kokkotas, K Laguna, P Lehner, L Levin, J Liebling, S MacFadyen, A Mandel, I Marka, S Marka, Z Neilsen, D O'Brien, P Perna, R Read, J Reisswig, C Rodriguez, C Ruffert, M Schnetter, E Searle, A Shawhan, P Shoemaker, D Soderberg, A Sperhake, U Sutton, P Tanvir, N Was, M Whitcomb, S AF Andersson, Nils Baker, John Belczynski, Krzystof Bernuzzi, Sebastiano Berti, Emanuele Cadonati, Laura Cerda-Duran, Pablo Clark, James Favata, Marc Finn, Lee Samuel Fryer, Chris Giacomazzo, Bruno Antonio Gonzalez, Jose Hendry, Martin Heng, Ik Siong Hild, Stefan Johnson-McDaniel, Nathan Kalmus, Peter Klimenko, Sergei Kobayashi, Shiho Kokkotas, Kostas Laguna, Pablo Lehner, Luis Levin, Janna Liebling, Steve MacFadyen, Andrew Mandel, Ilya Marka, Szabolcs Marka, Zsuzsa Neilsen, David O'Brien, Paul Perna, Rosalba Read, Jocelyn Reisswig, Christian Rodriguez, Carl Ruffert, Max Schnetter, Erik Searle, Antony Shawhan, Peter Shoemaker, Deirdre Soderberg, Alicia Sperhake, Ulrich Sutton, Patrick Tanvir, Nial Was, Michal Whitcomb, Stan TI The transient gravitational-wave sky SO CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY LA English DT Review ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; MASS BLACK-HOLES; DIFFERENTIALLY ROTATING STARS; ACCRETING NEUTRON-STARS; ARMED SPIRAL INSTABILITY; POLOIDAL MAGNETIC-FIELDS; BAR-MODE INSTABILITY; EARLY WARNING SYSTEM; SPIN-DOWN LIMIT AB Interferometric detectors will very soon give us an unprecedented view of the gravitational-wave sky, and in particular of the explosive and transient Universe. Now is the time to challenge our theoretical understanding of short-duration gravitational-wave signatures from cataclysmic events, their connection to more traditional electromagnetic and particle astrophysics, and the data analysis techniques that will make the observations a reality. This paper summarizes the state of the art, future science opportunities, and current challenges in understanding gravitational-wave transients. C1 [Andersson, Nils] Univ Southampton, Sch Math, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Baker, John] NASA GSFC, Gravitat Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Belczynski, Krzystof] Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. [Belczynski, Krzystof] Univ Texas Brownsville, Ctr Gravitat Wave Astron, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. [Bernuzzi, Sebastiano; Johnson-McDaniel, Nathan] Univ Jena, Inst Theoret Phys, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Berti, Emanuele] Univ Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, University, MS 38677 USA. [Berti, Emanuele; Reisswig, Christian; Sperhake, Ulrich] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cadonati, Laura; Clark, James] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Cerda-Duran, Pablo] Univ Valencia, Dept Astron & Astrofis, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. [Favata, Marc] Montclair State Univ, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. [Finn, Lee Samuel] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Finn, Lee Samuel] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fryer, Chris] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Giacomazzo, Bruno; Perna, Rosalba] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Giacomazzo, Bruno; Perna, Rosalba] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Antonio Gonzalez, Jose] Univ Michoacana, Inst Fis & Matemat, Morelia 58040, Michoacan, Mexico. [Hendry, Martin; Heng, Ik Siong] Univ Glasgow, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Hild, Stefan] Univ Glasgow, Inst Gravitat Res, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Kalmus, Peter; Searle, Antony; Whitcomb, Stan] CALTECH, LIGO Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Klimenko, Sergei] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kobayashi, Shiho] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. [Kokkotas, Kostas] Univ Tubingen, IAAT, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. [Laguna, Pablo; Shoemaker, Deirdre] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Lehner, Luis; Schnetter, Erik] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON, Canada. [Levin, Janna] Columbia Univ Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Liebling, Steve] Long Isl Univ, Brookville, NY 11548 USA. [MacFadyen, Andrew] New York Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Mandel, Ilya] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Marka, Szabolcs] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Marka, Zsuzsa] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Neilsen, David] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [O'Brien, Paul; Tanvir, Nial] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Read, Jocelyn] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Phys, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA. [Rodriguez, Carl] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Ruffert, Max] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Math, Edinburgh EH16 5JN, Midlothian, Scotland. [Ruffert, Max] Univ Edinburgh, Maxwell Inst, Edinburgh EH16 5JN, Midlothian, Scotland. [Schnetter, Erik] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Schnetter, Erik] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Computat & Technol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Shawhan, Peter] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Soderberg, Alicia] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sperhake, Ulrich] Ctr Math Sci, DAMTP, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. [Sperhake, Ulrich] CENTRA IST, Lisbon, Portugal. [Sutton, Patrick] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Was, Michal] Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. RP Andersson, N (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Math, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM plaguna@gatech.edu RI Hild, Stefan/A-3864-2010; Kokkotas, Kostas/B-7878-2010; Cerda-Duran, Pablo/D-7857-2015; Finn, Lee Samuel/A-3452-2009; Neilsen, David/J-4862-2015; Berti, Emanuele/C-9331-2016; Giacomazzo, Bruno/I-8088-2012; OI Kokkotas, Kostas/0000-0001-6048-2919; Cerda-Duran, Pablo/0000-0003-4293-340X; Finn, Lee Samuel/0000-0002-3937-0688; Neilsen, David/0000-0002-6142-5542; Berti, Emanuele/0000-0003-0751-5130; Giacomazzo, Bruno/0000-0002-6947-4023; Schnetter, Erik/0000-0002-4518-9017; Reisswig, Christian/0000-0001-6855-9351; MacFadyen, Andrew/0000-0002-0106-9013; Mandel, Ilya/0000-0002-6134-8946 FU National Science Foundation [0946361, 1231548, PHY-0847182, PHY-1055103, PHY-0653550, PHY-0955773, PHY-0653462, CBET-0940924, PHY-0969857, 0903973, 1205864, PHY-0925345, PHY-0955825]; Australian Research Council; International Science Linkages program of the Commonwealth of Australia; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare of Italy; Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia; Conselleria d'Economia, Hisenda i Innovacio of the Govern de les Illes Balears; Royal Society; Scottish Funding Council; Scottish Universities Physics Alliance; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Carnegie Trust; Leverhulme Trust; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Research Corporation; Alfred P Sloan Foundation; NSF [PHY11-25915, HRD 1242090, AST-1009396]; Columbia University in the City of New York; NASA [NNX09AV06A, NNX12AO67G]; German Science Foundation [SFB/TR7]; NSERC; Industry Canada; Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Research and Innovation; Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [AYA 2010-21097-C03-01]; Generalitat Valenciana [PROMETEO-2009-103]; ERC [CAMAP-259276]; US Department of Energy [W-7405-ENG-36] FX The 'Gravitational Wave Bursts' workshops in Chichen-Itza, Mexico (9-1 December 2009) and Tobermory, Scotland (29-31 May 2012) were supported by National Science Foundation grant numbers 0946361 and 1231548. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the United States National Science Foundation for the construction and operation of the LIGO Laboratory and the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Max-Planck-Society, and the State of Niedersachsen/Germany for support of the construction and operation of the GEO600 detector. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the support of the research by these agencies and by the Australian Research Council, the International Science Linkages program of the Commonwealth of Australia, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India, the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare of Italy, the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, the Conselleria d'Economia, Hisenda i Innovacio of the Govern de les Illes Balears, the Royal Society, the Scottish Funding Council, the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Carnegie Trust, the Leverhulme Trust, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the Research Corporation, and the Alfred P Sloan Foundation. We thank the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics at UC-Santa Barbara, supported in part by NSF grant PHY11-25915, for hosting the workshop 'Chirps, Mergers and Explosions: The Final Moments of Coalescing Compact Binaries.' The Columbia Experimental Gravity group is grateful for the generous support from Columbia University in the City of New York and from the National Science Foundation under cooperative agreement PHY-0847182. E.B. is supported by National Science Foundation through CAREER Award Number PHY-1055103. KB acknowledges NASA grant number NNX09AV06A and NSF grant numbers HRD 1242090 awarded to the Center for Gravitational Wave Astronomy, UTB. SB and KK acknowledge support from the German Science Foundation SFB/TR7 'Gravitational Wave Astronomy.' LC acknowledges National Science Foundation grant numbers PHY-0653550 and PHY-0955773. LL was supported in part by an NSERC through discovery grant. Research at Perimeter Institute is supported through Industry Canada and by the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Research and Innovation. PCD acknowledges Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia grant number AYA 2010-21097-C03-01, Generalitat Valenciana grant number PROMETEO-2009-103 and ERC starting grant number CAMAP-259276. The work of CF is under the auspices of the US Department of Energy, and supported by its contract W-7405-ENG-36 to Los Alamos National Laboratory. LSF acknowledges National Science Foundation grant numbers PHY-0653462, CBET-0940924 and PHY-0969857. BG and RP acknowledge support from NSF grant number AST-1009396 and NASA grant number NNX12AO67G. PL acknowledges National Science Foundation grant numbers 0903973 and 1205864. DMS acknowledges National Science Foundation grant numbers PHY-0925345 and PHY-0955825. We wish to thank Christian Ott and Harald Pfeiffer for useful contributions to this review. NR 421 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 22 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0264-9381 EI 1361-6382 J9 CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV JI Class. Quantum Gravity PD OCT 7 PY 2013 VL 30 IS 19 AR 193002 DI 10.1088/0264-9381/30/19/193002 PG 45 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 223PW UT WOS:000324819900002 ER PT J AU Bryant, GW Malkova, N Sims, J AF Bryant, Garnett W. Malkova, Natalia Sims, James TI Mechanism for controlling the exciton fine structure in quantum dots using electric fields: Manipulation of exciton orientation and exchange splitting at the atomic scale SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STATES AB Using atomistic tight-binding theory with a configuration interaction description of Coulomb and exchange effects, we describe excitons in symmetric quantum dots in a vertical electric field to explain how field-induced manipulation of exciton orientation and phase can eliminate the anisotropic exchange, leading to a drastic reduction of the fine-structure splitting and a 90 degree rotation of polarization, similar to experiment. This reorientation and rephasing of the exciton is done plane-by-plane inside the dot without significant squeezing of the exciton. C1 [Bryant, Garnett W.; Malkova, Natalia] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bryant, Garnett W.; Malkova, Natalia] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sims, James] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bryant, GW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Measurement Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM garnett.bryant@nist.gov NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 7 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 16 AR 161301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.161301 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 232OD UT WOS:000325502400003 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, EE Sokolov, DA Stock, C Green, MA Sobolev, O Rodriguez-Rivera, JA Cao, H Daoud-Aladine, A AF Rodriguez, E. E. Sokolov, D. A. Stock, C. Green, M. A. Sobolev, O. Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose A. Cao, H. Daoud-Aladine, A. TI Magnetic and structural properties near the Lifshitz point in Fe1+xTe SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PHASE-DIAGRAM; FIELD; MNP; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TRANSITIONS; BEHAVIOR; NEUTRON AB We construct a phase diagram of the parent compound Fe1+xTe as a function of interstitial iron x in terms of the electronic, structural, and magnetic properties. For a concentration of x < 10%, Fe1+xTe undergoes a "semimetal" to metal transition at approximately 70 K that is also first-order and coincident with a structural transition from a tetragonal to a monoclinic unit cell. For x approximate to 14%, Fe1+xTe undergoes a second-order phase transition at approximately 58 K corresponding to a semimetal to semimetal transition along with a structural orthorhombic distortion. At a critical concentration of x approximate to 11%, Fe1+xTe undergoes two transitions: the higher-temperature one is a second-order transition to an orthorhombic phase with incommensurate magnetic ordering and temperature-dependent propagation vector, while the lower-temperature one corresponds to nucleation of a monoclinic phase with a nearly commensurate magnetic wave vector. While both structural and magnetic transitions display similar critical behavior for x < 10% and near the critical concentration of x approximate to 11%, samples with large interstitial iron concentrations show a marked deviation between the critical response indicating a decoupling of the order parameters. Analysis of temperature dependent inelastic neutron data reveals incommensurate magnetic fluctuations throughout the Fe1+xTe phase diagram are directly connected to the "semiconductor"-like resistivity above T-N and implicates scattering from spin fluctuations as the primary reason for the semiconducting or poor metallic properties. The results suggest that doping driven Fermi surface nesting maybe the origin of the gapless and incommensurate spin response at large interstitial concentrations. C1 [Rodriguez, E. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sokolov, D. A.; Stock, C.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Green, M. A.] Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, England. [Sobolev, O.] FRM2 Garching, Forsch Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier Leibnitz, D-85747 Garching, Germany. [Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose A.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. [Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cao, H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Daoud-Aladine, A.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Rodriguez, EE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Sokolov, D/G-7755-2011; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/A-4872-2013; Cao, Huibo/A-6835-2016; Sobolev, Oleg/P-5983-2016 OI Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/0000-0002-8633-8314; Cao, Huibo/0000-0002-5970-4980; FU NRC, Department of Commerce; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland; Royal Society of Edinburgh FX Work at NIST, Oak Ridge, and ISIS was funded by the NRC, Department of Commerce, and by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. Work performed through the University of Edinburgh was funded by the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland and the Royal Society of Edinburgh. We are grateful to N. C. Maliszewskyj for expert technical support for experiments performed on MACS. NR 97 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 51 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 7 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 16 AR 165110 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.165110 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 232OD UT WOS:000325502400006 ER PT J AU Jacox, ME Thompson, WE AF Jacox, Marilyn E. Thompson, Warren E. TI Infrared Spectra of Products of the Reaction of H Atoms with O-2 Trapped in Solid Neon: HO2, HO2+, HOHOH-, and H2O(HO) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENCE-FREQUENCY LASER; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; MATRIX-ISOLATION; WATER DIMER; ARGON MATRIX; PREDISSOCIATION SPECTROSCOPY; ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM; FUNDAMENTAL-BAND; RADICAL COMPLEX AB When a Ne/O-2,mixture is codeposited at 4.3 K with a Ne/H-2 mixture that has been passed through a microwave discharge, the infrared spectrum of the resulting deposit includes prominent absorptions of the three.vibrational fundamentals of HO2 and seven relatively weak absorptions in the infrared and near-hifrared, only one of them previously reported, that Can be assigned to overtones and combination bands of that product Similar assignments are made for DO2. A new, broad absorption at 702.9 cm(-1) appears close to the gas phase absorption of HOHOH- at 697 cm(-1). Isotopic substitution experiments support that assignment Evidence is also presented for the stabilization of HOHO-. Absorptions near the vibrational fundamentals of H2O and an absorption at 3472.4 cm(-1) grow on exposure of the deposit to radiation of wavelength shorter than 345 nm. These absorptions are assigned to the H2O(HO) complex, in agreement with the results of an earlier argon matrix study.. In both studies, photodestruction of HO2 molecules that have H2O trapped in a nearby site results in formation of the complex. Because the discharge through Ne/H-2 supports ion production, photodetachment of the resulting HOHOH- is an additional Source of the complex. Other absorptions may be contributed by the bending fundamental of HO2+. and by a cation complex with H-2. C1 [Jacox, Marilyn E.; Thompson, Warren E.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jacox, ME (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marilyn.jacox@nist.gov NR 80 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 3 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 39 BP 9380 EP 9390 DI 10.1021/jp310849s PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 243EV UT WOS:000326300600009 PM 23215001 ER PT J AU Buckingham, GT Chang, CH Nesbitt, DJ AF Buckingham, Grant T. Chang, Chih-Hsuan Nesbitt, David J. TI High-Resolution Rovibrational Spectroscopy of Jet-Cooled Phenyl Radical: The nu(19) Out-of-Phase Symmetric CH Stretch SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID INTRAMOLECULAR VIBRATIONAL REDISTRIBUTION; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; INFRARED-SPECTRUM; ROTATIONAL PREDISSOCIATION; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; SOOT FORMATION; BENZENE; MOLECULES; KINETICS; FLAMES AB Phenyl radical has been studied via sub Doppler infrared spectroscopy in a slit supersonic discharge expansion source, with assignments for the highest frequency b(2) out C-H symmetric stretch vibration (nu(19)) unambiguously confirmed by <= 6 MHz (0.0002 cm(-1)) agreement with microwave ground state combination differences of McMahon et al. [Astrophys. J. 2003, 590, L61-64]. Least squares analysis of over 100 resolved rovibrational peaks in the sub-Doppler spectrum to a Watson Hamiltonian yields precision excited-state rotational constants and a vibrational band origin (nu(0) = 3071.8915(4) cm(-1)) consistent with a surprisingly small red-shift (0.9 cm(-1)) with respect to Ar matrix isolation studies of Ellison and co-workers [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 1977]. Nuclear spin weights and inertial defects confirm the vibrationally averaged planarity and (2)A(1) rovibronic symmetry of phenyl radical, with analysis of the rotational constants consistent with a modest C-2 nu distortion of the carbon backbone frame due to partial sp rehybridization of the sigma C radical-center. Most importantly, despite the number of atoms (N = 11) and vibrational modes (3N - 6 = 27), phenyl radical exhibits a remarkably clean jet cooled high resolution IR spectrum that shows no evidence of intramolecular vibrational relaxation (IVR) phenomena such as local or nonlocal perturbations due to strongly coupled nearby dark states. This provides strong support for the feasibility of high resolution infrared spectroscopy in other aromatic hydrocarbon radical systems. C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-09ER16021]; National Science Foundation [CHE 1012685, PHY 1125844] FX This work was supported by grants from the Department of Energy (DE-FG02-09ER16021), with initial funds for construction of the slit jet laser spectrometer provided by the National Science Foundation (CHE 1012685, PHY 1125844). We would also like to congratulate Professor Takeshi Oka for his brilliant spectroscopic accomplishments over so many decades, as well as to thank him for his dedication to and unabashed lifelong celebration of the art of high resolution infrared spectroscopy. NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 3 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 39 BP 10047 EP 10057 DI 10.1021/jp400702p PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 243EV UT WOS:000326300600086 PM 23537501 ER PT J AU Hulvey, Z Lawler, KV Qiao, ZW Zhou, J Fairen-Jimenez, D Snurr, RQ Ushakov, SV Navrotsky, A Brown, CM Forster, PM AF Hulvey, Zeric Lawler, Keith V. Qiao, Zhiwei Zhou, Jian Fairen-Jimenez, David Snurr, Randall Q. Ushakov, Sergey V. Navrotsky, Alexandra Brown, Craig M. Forster, Paul M. TI Noble Gas Adsorption in Copper Trimesate, HKUST-1: An Experimental and Computational Study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORK; CU-BTC; MOLECULAR SIMULATION; POWDER DIFFRACTION; FORCE-FIELD; SITES; SEPARATION; CU-3(BTC)(2); HYDROGEN; SPECTROSCOPY AB A joint experimental and computational study of noble gas adsorption in the metal-organic framework (MOF) material HKUST-1 has been carried out Using a standard gas adsorption analyzer fitted with a cryostat, isotherms were measured for Xe, Kr, Ar, and Ne at optimum temperatures for the determination of loading dependent heats of adsorption using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Direct calorimetric measurements for Kr and Xe adsorption provide comparable heats of adsorption. A detailed analysis of the experimental data alongside complementary grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations led to the conclusion that the strongest binding for noble gases occurs in and around the small tetrahedral pockets and not at the accessible Cu(II) sites in the structure. Synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction experiments with in situ gas loading confirm the assignment of preferred binding sites inferred from the adsorption measurements and simulations. C1 [Hulvey, Zeric; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hulvey, Zeric] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hulvey, Zeric; Lawler, Keith V.; Forster, Paul M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Qiao, Zhiwei; Fairen-Jimenez, David; Snurr, Randall Q.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Qiao, Zhiwei; Zhou, Jian] S China Univ Technol, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Green Chem Prod Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Fairen-Jimenez, David] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem Engn & Biotechnol, Cambridge CB2 3RA, England. [Ushakov, Sergey V.; Navrotsky, Alexandra] Univ Calif Davis, Peter A Rock Thermochem Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ushakov, Sergey V.; Navrotsky, Alexandra] Univ Calif Davis, NEAT ORU, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Forster, PM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM Paul.Forster@unlv.edu RI Zhou, Jian/E-4504-2011; Fairen-Jimenez, David/C-6409-2008; Snurr, Randall/B-6699-2009; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; OI Zhou, Jian/0000-0002-3033-7785; Fairen-Jimenez, David/0000-0002-5013-1194; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; qiao, zhiwei/0000-0002-1264-3762; Ushakov, Sergey/0000-0002-8184-8884 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy's Nuclear Energy University Programs; DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-08ER15967]; Materials Science for Actinides, an Energy Frontier Research Center; DOE Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001089]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Royal Society (U.K) FX We thank David Gilley, Jeff Kenvin, and Graham Killip of Micromeritics, Eric Lecher of Cold Edge Technologies, and Eric Knight at University of Nevada, Las Vegas for assistance with our experimental setup, and Matthew Hudson and Rachel Pollock of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research and Greg Halder of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) for assistance with powder diffraction experiments. This research is being performed using funding received from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy's Nuclear Energy University Programs and from the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DE-FG02-08ER15967). Calorimetric measurements were supported as part of Materials Science for Actinides, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the DOE Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DE-SC0001089). Use of the APS, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. D.F.J. thanks the Royal Society (U.K) for a University Research Fellowship. NR 48 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 11 U2 93 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD OCT 3 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 39 BP 20116 EP 20126 DI 10.1021/jp408034u PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 243EW UT WOS:000326300700037 ER PT J AU Zhang, HL Khodadadi, S Fiedler, SL Curtis, JE AF Zhang, Hailiang Khodadadi, Sheila Fiedler, Steven L. Curtis, Joseph E. TI Role of Water and Ions on the Dynamical Transition of RNA SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PROTEIN DYNAMICS; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; HAMMERHEAD RIBOZYME; FORCE-FIELD; SIDE-CHAIN; SIMULATIONS; HYDRATION; GLYCEROL AB We have performed molecular dynamics simulations of hydrated polycrystalline powder hammerhead ribozyme at various temperatures from 50 to 300 K to determine the role of water and ions on the dynamical transition of RNA. Calculated mean-square displacement as a function of temperature is in agreement with existing neutron scattering experiments. Using this model, we were able to investigate the role of water and monovalent ion structure and dynamics on the appearance of anharmonic motions in RNA as a function of temperature. Compared to experimental and simulation results of proteins under similar environmental conditions, the amplitude of motions in RNA are smaller. While the structure and dynamics of monovalent ions interacting with RNA infer a stronger coupling than that of water, it is found that the relaxation of water from the surface of RNA is sufficient for the increase in anharmonic motions above the dynamical transition temperature. The nature and temperature dependence of fast and slow hydrogen bond dynamics between proteins and RNA were found to be similar, thus indicating that the dynamical transition of RNA and proteins are governed by relaxation of surface hydration water. C1 [Zhang, Hailiang; Khodadadi, Sheila; Curtis, Joseph E.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Hailiang] Inst Res & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fiedler, Steven L.] Calif State Univ Northridge, IRIS, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Fiedler, Steven L.] Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Math, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. RP Curtis, JE (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.curtis@nist.gov FU NIST-ARRA program; National Research Council; National Science Foundation [CHE-1265817] FX H.Z. acknowledges support from the NIST-ARRA program. S.K. acknowledges the support of the National Research Council. We thank X. Chu for providing the experimental data shown in Figure 1. This material is partially based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under CHE-1265817. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD OCT 3 PY 2013 VL 4 IS 19 BP 3325 EP 3329 DI 10.1021/jz401406c PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 243EX UT WOS:000326300800023 ER PT J AU Lee, JSF Tezak, EP Berejikian, BA AF Lee, Jonathan S. F. Tezak, Eugene P. Berejikian, Barry A. TI Ontogenetic Changes in Dispersal and Habitat Use in Hatchery-Reared Lingcod SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ophiodon elongatus; stock enhancement; before-after-control-impact; release methods; movement ID STOCK ENHANCEMENT; OPHIODON-ELONGATUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PUGET-SOUND; RELEASE; SIZE; WASHINGTON; PATTERNS; TRACKING; PROGRAMS AB Preliminary experiments that optimize release methods pave the way to larger-scale releases and proper evaluation methods. One evaluation method is before-after-control-impact, which requires that more animals remain at release areas (site fidelity to impact areas) than disperse to control areas. This study tested whether there are release methods that maximize fidelity to the release area and minimize dispersal to nearby areas, which might enable a before-after-control-impact experiment. Lingcod that were 17-months old at release showed greater fidelity to release areas (23% remaining one year after release) than lingcod that were 9- and 11-months old at release. None of the 17- and 21-month-old release groups were detected on more distant structured habitats 44 weeks after release, but 8% and 13% of lingcod from the 9- and 11-month-old release groups were detected at distant structured habitat. Thus, releasing 17-month-old lingcod maximized fidelity to the release area and minimized dispersal to other areas. Differences in fidelity and dispersal rates among release-age groups may reflect ontogenetic changes in dispersal and habitat use patterns that have also been reported for wild lingcod. These behavioral similarities with wild lingcod also suggest that hatchery lingcod have potential to interact and integrate with wild lingcod in nature. C1 [Lee, Jonathan S. F.; Tezak, Eugene P.; Berejikian, Barry A.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Lee, JSF (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM jon.lee@noaa.gov FU Puget Sound Recreational Fisheries Enhancement Program (PSRFE); Science Consortium for Ocean Replenishment (SCORE) FX The authors thank Terry Wright (Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission) and the dive teams led by Mike Racine (Washington SCUBA Alliance) and Ocean Eveningsong (WDFW) for egg collections, and Matt Cook and Jeff Atkins for rearing the lingcod. Rob Endicott, Megan Moore, Katy Doctor, and Jeff Atkins provided occasional assistance in the field. MeganMoore and Rob Endicott also provided helpful discussion on acoustic telemetry. Wayne Palsson and James Beam helped with preliminary habitat assessments near Itsami. The authors are grateful to the Puget Sound Recreational Fisheries Enhancement Program (PSRFE) and the Science Consortium for Ocean Replenishment (SCORE) for financial support. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-1262 EI 1547-6553 J9 REV FISH SCI JI Rev. Fish. Sci. PD OCT 2 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 267 EP 275 DI 10.1080/10641262.2013.799391 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 252NO UT WOS:000327013000006 ER PT J AU Coakley, KJ Vecchia, DF Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL AF Coakley, Kevin J. Vecchia, Dominic F. Hussey, Daniel S. Jacobson, David L. TI Neutron Tomography of a Fuel Cell: Statistical Learning Implementation of a Penalized Likelihood Method SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Adaptive estimation; Bayesian image reconstruction; cross validation; Huber penalty function; iterative algorithms; neutron imaging; neutron transmission tomography; penalized likelihood image reconstruction; proton-exchange-membrane fuel cell; selection of regularization parameters; statistical learning methods ID RAY COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; TRANSMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; IMAGE-RESTORATION; OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT; POSITIVE ESTIMATION; TASK-PERFORMANCE; CROSS-VALIDATION; SOLAR CORONA; ALGORITHMS; RECONSTRUCTION AB At the NIST Neutron Imaging Facility, we collect neutron projection data for both the dry and wet states of a Proton-Exchange-Membrane (PEM) fuel cell. Transmitted thermal neutrons captured in a scintillator doped with lithium-6 produce scintillation light that is detected by an amorphous silicon detector. Based on joint analysis of the dry and wet state projection data, we reconstruct a residual neutron attenuation image with a Penalized Likelihood method with an edge-preserving Huber penalty function that has two parameters that control how well jumps in the reconstruction are preserved and how well noisy fluctuations are smoothed out. The choice of these parameters greatly influences the resulting reconstruction. We present a data-driven method that objectively selects these parameters, and study its performance for both simulated and experimental data. Before reconstruction, we transform the projection data so that the variance-to-mean ratio is approximately one. For both simulated and measured projection data, the Penalized Likelihood method reconstruction is visually sharper than a reconstruction yielded by a standard Filtered Back Projection method. In an idealized simulation experiment, we demonstrate that the cross validation procedure selects regularization parameters that yield a reconstruction that is nearly optimal according to a root-mean-square prediction error criterion. C1 [Coakley, Kevin J.; Vecchia, Dominic F.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hussey, Daniel S.; Jacobson, David L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Coakley, KJ (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kevin.coakley@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Commerce; National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) Radiation and Biomolecular Physics Division; Director's office of NIST; NIST Center for Neutron Research; Department of Energy [DE-AI-01-01EE50660, DE-AI-01-05EE11104] FX Manuscript received August 18, 2012; revised April 10, 2013 and July 29, 2013; accepted August 02, 2013. Date of publication October 01, 2013; date of current version October 09, 2013. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce, the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) Radiation and Biomolecular Physics Division, the Director's office of NIST, the NIST Center for Neutron Research, and the Department of Energy interagency agreement Nos. DE-AI-01-01EE50660 and DE-AI-01-05EE11104. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 60 IS 5 BP 3945 EP 3954 DI 10.1109/TNS.2013.2279512 PN 3 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AE6CU UT WOS:000334077100023 ER PT J AU Lin, H Feng, XJ Gillis, KA Moldover, MR Zhang, JT Sun, JP Duan, YY AF Lin, H. Feng, X. J. Gillis, K. A. Moldover, M. R. Zhang, J. T. Sun, J. P. Duan, Y. Y. TI Improved determination of the Boltzmann constant using a single, fixed-length cylindrical cavity SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC THERMOMETRY; GAS-CONSTANT; ARGON; RESONATOR; REDETERMINATION; PROGRESS; MERCURY; AR AB We report improvements to our previous (Zhang et al 2011 Int. J. Thermophys. 32 1297) determination of the Boltzmann constant k(B) using a single 80mm long cylindrical cavity. In this work, the shape of the gas-filled resonant cavity is closer to that of a perfect cylinder and the thermometry has been improved. We used two different grades of argon, each with measured relative isotopic abundances, and we used two different methods of supporting the resonator. The measurements with each gas and with each configuration were repeated several times for a total of 14 runs. We improved the analysis of the acoustic data by accounting for certain second-order perturbations to the frequencies from the thermo-viscous boundary layer. The weighted average of the data yielded k(B) = 1.380 6476 x 10(-23) JK(-1) with a relative standard uncertainty u(r)(k(B)) = 3.7 x 10(-6). This result differs, fractionally, by (-0.9 +/- 3.7) x 10(-6) from the value recommended by CODATA in 2010. In this work, the largest component of the relative uncertainty resulted from inconsistent values of k(B) determined with the various acoustic modes; it is 2.9 x 10(-6). In our previous work, this component was 7.6 x 10(-6). C1 [Lin, H.; Feng, X. J.; Zhang, J. T.; Sun, J. P.] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. [Gillis, K. A.; Moldover, M. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Duan, Y. Y.] Key Lab Thermal Sci & Power Engn MOE, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Duan, Y. Y.] Tsinghua Univ, Key Lab Utilizat & Reduct Technol CO2, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Lin, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. EM zhangjint@nim.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [50906076, 51106143, 51076074] FX We thank Dr Roberto Gavioso, Dr Laurent Pitre and Dr Michael de Podesta for their many suggestions and continuing interest in our work. We are grateful to Dr LiWu Li of Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (KLPRR CAS), for the isotopic analysis of our argon samples. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos 50906076, 51106143 and 51076074). NR 39 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 20 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD OCT PY 2013 VL 50 IS 5 BP 417 EP 432 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/50/5/417 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AA1BN UT WOS:000330831400002 ER PT J AU Solve, S Rufenacht, A Burroughs, CJ Benz, SP AF Solve, S. Ruefenacht, A. Burroughs, C. J. Benz, S. P. TI Direct comparison of two NIST PJVS systems at 10 V SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID JOSEPHSON VOLTAGE STANDARDS; AC POWER STANDARD; BIPM PART; WAVE; BIPM.EM-K10.B; METROLOGY; ARRAYS; ERROR AB Two NIST programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) systems are directly compared at 10V using different nanovoltmeters. These PJVS systems use arrays of triple-stacked superconducting niobium Josephson junctions with barriers made of niobium silicide. Compared with the voltages produced by Josephson voltage standards based on hysteretic junctions, PJVS systems using damped junctions produce predictable voltage levels. However, in order to guarantee the quantization of the voltages and to minimize the errors at the room-temperature voltage output, additional precautions are required. We report several experimental results of voltage measurements that contain significant systematic errors. The generated voltages appear reproducible but they are, in fact, inaccurate. When proper measurement procedures are followed, the results of a direct comparison using an analogue detector show that the two independent PJVS systems agree within 2.6 parts in 10(11) at 10V with a relative total combined uncertainty of 3.4 parts in 10(11) (k = 1). Investigations show that the largest systematic error and most significant contribution to the uncertainty budget is caused by the leakage resistance of each PJVS to ground. This paper describes a measurement procedure to characterize this leakage resistance and one approach to including the resulting voltage error in the uncertainty budget. C1 [Solve, S.] Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. [Ruefenacht, A.; Burroughs, C. J.; Benz, S. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Solve, S (reprint author), Bur Int Poids & Mesures, Pavillon Breteuil, F-92312 Sevres, France. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD OCT PY 2013 VL 50 IS 5 BP 441 EP 451 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/50/5/441 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AA1BN UT WOS:000330831400004 ER PT J AU Eppeldauer, GP Yoon, HW Jarrett, DG Larason, TC AF Eppeldauer, George P. Yoon, Howard W. Jarrett, Dean G. Larason, Thomas C. TI Development of an in situ calibration method for current-to-voltage converters for high-accuracy SI-traceable low dc current measurements SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID STANDARD RESISTORS AB For photocurrent measurements with low uncertainties, wide dynamic range reference current-to-voltage converters and a new converter calibration method have been developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The high-feedback resistors of a reference converter were in situ calibrated on a high-resistivity, printed circuit board placed in an electrically shielded box electrically isolated from the operational amplifier using jumpers. The feedback resistors, prior to their installation, were characterized, selected and heat treated. The circuit board was cleaned with solvents, and the in situ resistors were calibrated using measurement systems for 10 k Omega to 10 G Omega standard resistors. We demonstrate that dc currents from 1 nA to 100 mu A can be measured with uncertainties of 55 x 10(-6) (k = 2) or lower, which are lower in uncertainties than any commercial device by factors of 10 to 30 at the same current setting. The internal (NIST) validations of the reference converter are described. C1 [Eppeldauer, George P.; Yoon, Howard W.; Jarrett, Dean G.; Larason, Thomas C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Eppeldauer, GP (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD OCT PY 2013 VL 50 IS 5 BP 509 EP 517 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/50/5/509 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AA1BN UT WOS:000330831400010 ER PT J AU Elster, C Toman, B AF Elster, Clemens Toman, Blaza TI Analysis of key comparison data: critical assessment of elements of current practice with suggested improvements SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID COMPARISON REFERENCE VALUES; CHI-SQUARED STATISTICS; ISO GUIDE; ARTIFACT STANDARDS; LINEAR TRENDS; EQUIVALENCE; CIPM; DISTRIBUTIONS; UNCERTAINTY; LINKING AB The degrees of equivalence can be viewed as possibly the main result in the analysis of key comparison data. Their specification as given in the CIPM MRA is discussed and critically assessed in this paper. We argue that there is an ambiguity in the definition and meaning of the (unilateral) degrees of equivalence. As a consequence of this ambiguity uncertainties quoted for (unilateral) degrees of equivalence may be questioned. The ambiguity can be avoided by identifying the quantities that are being estimated by the degrees of equivalence, and we propose a standard statistical model to do this. We then show that the degrees of equivalence are not a unique measure of consistency between the results and the underlying measurand when determined solely from the data. Prior knowledge or additional assumptions are needed for this purpose, and Bayesian methods are particularly suitable to handle that. However, such measures of consistency depend on the chosen additional assumptions and generally are not in accordance with the current CIPM MRA. Fortunately, quantifying consistency between the results and the underlying measurand is not necessary in order to assess equivalence between the laboratories. We show that on the basis of the (unambiguous) pairwise degrees of equivalence the laboratories can be grouped into equivalent subsets, the largest of which may be chosen to select those laboratories whose CMCs are then viewed as validated. C1 [Elster, Clemens] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. [Toman, Blaza] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Elster, C (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Abbestr 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD OCT PY 2013 VL 50 IS 5 BP 549 EP 555 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/50/5/549 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AA1BN UT WOS:000330831400014 ER PT J AU Newell, DB Liard, JO Inglis, AD Eckl, MC Winester, D Silliker, RJ Gagnon, CGL AF Newell, D. B. Liard, J. O. Inglis, A. D. Eckl, M. C. Winester, D. Silliker, R. J. Gagnon, C. G. L. TI The possible contribution of gravity measurements to the difference between the NIST and NRC watt balance results (vol 50, pg 337, 2013) SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Correction C1 [Newell, D. B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Inglis, A. D.] CNR, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Eckl, M. C.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Winester, D.] NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Liard, J. O.; Silliker, R. J.; Gagnon, C. G. L.] Nat Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E9, Canada. RP Newell, DB (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.newell@nist.gov NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD OCT PY 2013 VL 50 IS 5 BP 557 EP 558 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/50/5/557 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AA1BN UT WOS:000330831400015 ER PT J AU Chadwick, WW Clague, DA Embley, RW Perfit, MR Butterfield, DA Caress, DW Paduan, JB Martin, JF Sasnett, P Merle, SG Bobbitt, AM AF Chadwick, W. W., Jr. Clague, D. A. Embley, R. W. Perfit, M. R. Butterfield, D. A. Caress, D. W. Paduan, J. B. Martin, J. F. Sasnett, P. Merle, S. G. Bobbitt, A. M. TI The 1998 eruption of Axial Seamount: New insights on submarine lava flow emplacement from high-resolution mapping SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE submarine eruption; high-resolution bathymetry; lava flow morphology ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; EAST PACIFIC RISE; CILIATE FOLLICULINOPSIS SP.; SPREADING MIDOCEAN RIDGES; APRIL 2011 ERUPTION; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; SEA-FLOOR; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; VOLCANIC-ERUPTION; COAXIAL SEGMENT AB Axial Seamount, an active submarine volcano on the Juan de Fuca Ridge at 46 degrees N, 130 degrees W, erupted in January 1998 along 11 km of its upper south rift zone. We use ship-based multibeam sonar, high-resolution (1 m) bathymetry, sidescan sonar imagery, and submersible dive observations to map four separate 1998 lava flows that were fed from 11 eruptive fissures. These new mapping results give an eruption volume of 31 x 10(6) m(3), 70% of which was in the northern-most flow, 23% in the southern-most flow, and 7% in two smaller flows in between. We introduce the concept of map-scale submarine lava flow morphology (observed at a scale of hundreds of meters, as revealed by the high-resolution bathymetry), and an interpretive model in which two map-scale morphologies are produced by high effusion-rate eruptions: "inflated lobate flows" are formed near eruptive vents, and where they drain downslope more than 0.5-1.0 km, they transition to "inflated pillow flows." These two morphologies are observed on the 1998 lava flows at Axial. A third map-scale flow morphology that was not produced during this eruption, "pillow mounds," is formed by low effusion-rate eruptions in which pillow lava piles up directly over the eruptive vents. Axial Seamount erupted again in April 2011 and there are remarkable similarities between the 1998 and 2011 eruptions, particularly the locations of eruptive vents and lava flow morphologies. Because the 2011 eruption reused most of the same eruptive fissures, 58% of the area of the 1998 lava flows is now covered by 2011 lava. C1 [Chadwick, W. W., Jr.; Merle, S. G.; Bobbitt, A. M.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, CIMRS, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Clague, D. A.; Caress, D. W.; Paduan, J. B.; Martin, J. F.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Embley, R. W.] NOAA, PMEL, Newport, OR USA. [Perfit, M. R.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. [Butterfield, D. A.] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sasnett, P.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Geol Sci, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. RP Chadwick, WW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, CIMRS, 2115 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM bill.chadwick@oregonstate.edu RI Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016; OI Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279; Caress, David/0000-0002-6596-9133 FU NOAA Vents Program; NOAA National Undersea Research Program; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; National Science Foundation [OCE-0725605] FX Many colleagues provided assistance and insights during the numerous ROV expeditions to Axial Seamount between 1998 and 2011. Thanks also to Dan Scheirer for assistance with his Imagenex sonar processing software in the early stages of this work. Reviewers Dan Fornari and Tracy Gregg helped improve the manuscript. Support for this research was provided by the NOAA Vents Program, NOAA National Undersea Research Program, a grant from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation to the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, and National Science Foundation grant OCE-0725605. Peri Sasnett's contributions were performed under appointment to the NOAA Ernest F. Hollings Undergraduate Scholarship Program administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities. PMEL contribution number 3964. NR 104 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 14 IS 10 BP 3939 EP 3968 DI 10.1002/ggge.20202 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 301KO UT WOS:000330531400004 ER PT J AU Clague, DA Dreyer, BM Paduan, JB Martin, JF Chadwick, WW Caress, DW Portner, RA Guilderson, TP McGann, ML Thomas, H Butterfield, DA Embley, RW AF Clague, David A. Dreyer, Brian M. Paduan, Jennifer B. Martin, Julie F. Chadwick, William W. Caress, David W. Portner, Ryan A. Guilderson, Thomas P. McGann, Mary L. Thomas, Hans Butterfield, David A. Embley, Robert W. TI Geologic history of the summit of Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Axial Seamount; Juan de Fuca Ridge; geologic; mapping; lava flows ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; LAVA-FLOW MORPHOLOGY; RA-226 TH-230 DISEQUILIBRIUM; NORTHERN CLEFT SEGMENT; APRIL 2011 ERUPTION; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; SHEET FLOWS; EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS; BATHYMETRIC SURVEYS AB Multibeam (1 m resolution) and side scan data collected from an autonomous underwater vehicle, and lava samples, radiocarbon-dated sediment cores, and observations of flow contacts collected by remotely operated vehicle were combined to reconstruct the geologic history and flow emplacement processes on Axial Seamount's summit and upper rift zones. The maps show 52 post-410 CE lava flows and 20 precaldera lava flows as old as 31.2 kyr, the inferred age of the caldera. Clastic deposits 1-2 m thick accumulated on the rims postcaldera. Between 31 ka and 410 CE, there are no known lava flows near the summit. The oldest postcaldera lava (410 CE) is a pillow cone SE of the caldera. Two flows erupted on the W rim between similar to 800 and 1000 CE. From 1220 to 1300 CE, generally small eruptions of plagioclase phyric, depleted, mafic lava occurred in the central caldera and on the east rim. Larger post-1400 CE eruptions produced inflated lobate flows of aphyric, less-depleted, and less mafic lava on the upper rift zones and in the N and S caldera. All caldera floor lava flows, and most uppermost rift zone flows, postdate 1220 CE. Activity shifted from the central caldera to the upper S rift outside the caldera, to the N rift and caldera floor, and then to the S caldera and uppermost S rift, where two historical eruptions occurred in 1998 and 2011. The average recurrence interval deduced from the flows erupted over the last 800 years is statistically identical to the 13 year interval between historical eruptions. C1 [Clague, David A.; Paduan, Jennifer B.; Caress, David W.; Portner, Ryan A.; Thomas, Hans] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Dreyer, Brian M.; Guilderson, Thomas P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Chadwick, William W.] Oregon State Univ, CIMRS, Newport, OR USA. [Guilderson, Thomas P.] LLNL, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA USA. [McGann, Mary L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Butterfield, David A.] JISAO PMEL, Seattle, WA USA. [Embley, Robert W.] NOAA, PMEL, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR USA. RP Clague, DA (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM clague@mbari.org RI Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016; OI Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279; Dreyer, Brian/0000-0003-0992-6929; Caress, David/0000-0002-6596-9133 FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; NSF [OCE-1061176, OCE-1060515]; PMEL [3993] FX This study could not have been done without the support, hard work, and professionalism of the ships' captains and crews on the R/V Western Flyer and the R/V Zephyr and the ROV teams for Tiburon and Doc Ricketts. The dive programs benefitted from the assistance at sea of numerous colleagues and graduate students. The AUV missions in 2006-2008 were conducted off the R/V Thompson and the R/V Atlantis and their ships' crews were instrumental in successful launches and recoveries of the still developmental AUV. Chief Scientist Jim Holden graciously made the ship time available to us to launch and recover the AUV in 2008. AUV team members Doug Conlin and Duane Thompson assisted with operations during the years of AUV data collection. John Delaney and Deb Kelley kindly provided access to their Simrad EM302 data collected in late summer 2011; the multibeam amplitude data identified the high-backscatter flows on the west flank of the caldera better than in prior data sets. We thank Alice Davis at MBARI and Robert Oscarson at the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, and Sarah Roeske, Brian Joy, and Nick Botto at University of California at Davis for assistance with microprobe analyses. DAC, JBP, JFM, DWC, HT, and RAP; collection of the AUV multibeam data in 2006-2008 off the R/V Thompson and the R/V Atlantis and in 2009 and 2011 off the R/V Zephyr; postcruise AUV data processing; and ROV dives using Tiburon in 2005 and 2006 and Doc Ricketts in 2009 and 2011 off the R/V Western Flyer were supported by grants to MBARI from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. A portion of this work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Final integration of the sample data with the AUV maps was also supported by NSF grants OCE-1061176 to BMD and OCE-1060515 to DAC and PMEL contribution number 3993. NR 105 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 14 IS 10 BP 4403 EP 4443 DI 10.1002/ggge.20240 PG 41 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 301KO UT WOS:000330531400031 ER PT J AU Ziegler, CL AF Ziegler, Conrad L. TI A Diabatic Lagrangian Technique for the Analysis of Convective Storms. Part I: Description and Validation via an Observing System Simulation Experiment SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION; DOPPLER RADAR DATA; THERMODYNAMIC VARIABLES; MICROPHYSICAL VARIABLES; SUPERCELL STORM; THUNDERSTORM; RETRIEVAL; ICE; EVOLUTION; CLOUD AB A diabatic Lagrangian analysis (DLA) technique for deriving potential temperature, water vapor and cloud water mixing ratios, and virtual buoyancy from three-dimensional time-dependent Doppler radar wind and reflectivity fields in storms is presented. The DLA method proceeds from heat and water substance conservation along discrete air trajectories via microphysical diabatic heating/cooling and simple damping and surface flux parameterizations in a parcel-following ground-relative reference frame to thermodynamic fields on a regular grid of trajectory endpoints at a common analysis time. Rain and graupel precipitation size distributions are parameterized from observed reflectivity at discrete Lagrangian points to simplify the cloud model based microphysically driven heating and cooling rate calculations. The DLA approximates the precipitation size distributions from reflectivity assuming conventional inverse exponential size distributions and prescribed input intercept parameter values based on the output of a mature simulated storm. The DLA is demonstrated via an observing system simulation experiment (OSSE), and its analysis compares favorably with the known output buoyancy and water substance fields in the simulated storm case. The DLA-analyzed thermal-solenoidal horizontal vorticity tendency is of comparable magnitude to the corresponding modeled solenoidal vorticity tendency. A test application of the DLA to a radar-observed storm is presented in a companion paper (Part II). C1 [Ziegler, Conrad L.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Ziegler, CL (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, Forecast Res & Dev Div, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM conrad.ziegler@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [AGS-0130316, AGS-0638572, AGS-0802717]; National Severe Storms Laboratory Director's Discretionary Fund FX The author gratefully acknowledges helpful discussions with Ted Mansell and Lou Wicker concerning the Lagrangian model's microphysical parameterizations. Terry Schuur provided the author with the NSSL digital video distrometer data and interpreted its measurements. Insightful editorial comments provided by Adam Houston, Erik Rasmussen, and Matt Kumjian led to significant improvements of the revised manuscript, while Lou Wicker also provide numerous helpful editorial comments on an internal review of an earlier draft version. Support for the current project was provided under National Science Foundation Grants AGS-0130316, AGS-0638572, and AGS-0802717 and the National Severe Storms Laboratory Director's Discretionary Fund. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 30 IS 10 BP 2248 EP 2265 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00194.1 PG 18 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 300HN UT WOS:000330455100003 ER PT J AU Ziegler, CL AF Ziegler, Conrad L. TI A Diabatic Lagrangian Technique for the Analysis of Convective Storms. Part II: Application to a Radar-Observed Storm SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR; SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORMS; SINGLE-DOPPLER; SQUALL LINE; OKLAHOMA; ELECTRIFICATION; MESOCYCLONES; SIGNATURES; RETRIEVAL; TORNADOES AB A new diabatic Lagrangian analysis (DLA) technique that derives predicted fields of potential temperature, water vapor and cloud water mixing ratios, and virtual buoyancy from three-dimensional, time-dependent wind and reflectivity fields (see Part I) is applied to the radar-observed 9 June 2009 supercell storm during the Second Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX2). The DLA diagnoses fields of rain and graupel content from radar reflectivity and predicts the evolution of analysis variables following radar-inferred air trajectories in the evolving storm with application of the diagnosed precipitation fields to calculate Lagrangian-frame microphysical processes. Simple damping and surface flux terms and initialization of trajectories from heterogeneous, parametric mesoscale analysis fields are also included in the predictive Lagrangian calculations. The DLA output compares favorably with observations of surface in situ temperature and water vapor mixing ratio and accumulated rainfall from a catchment rain gauge in the 9 June 2009 storm. C1 [Ziegler, Conrad L.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Ziegler, CL (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, Forecast Res & Dev Div, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM conrad.ziegler@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [AGS-0130316, AGS-0638572, AGS-0802717]; National Severe Storms Laboratory Director's Discretionary Fund FX The author gratefully acknowledges the helpful discussions with Ted Mansell and Lou Wicker concerning the Lagrangian model's microphysical parameterizations, which follow NSSL's COMMAS model. Ted Mansell is also gratefully acknowledged for providing output of his high-resolution Geary storm simulation and offering his asymptotic formulation for the mean rain fall speed that was used to calculate surface rain rates from the DLA output. James Correia (SPC) provided SPC mesoanalysis output products that were assimilated into the parametric storm-environment model. Dennis Flanigan (formerly of NCAR-EOL) developed FORAY (a predecessor of the present RADX radar translator developed by NCAR-EOL) concurrently with the present study to translate WSR-88D super-resolution KDDC radar volumes to DORADE format in collaboration with Eddie Forren (NSSL) and the author, who served as a FORAY beta tester. Insightful formal editorial review comments provided by Adam Houston, Erik Rasmussen, and Matt Kumjian led to significant improvements of the revised manuscript. Paul Markowski and Yvette Richardson led the mobile mesonet data collections, and Chris Weiss led the StickNet data collections during VORTEX2. The author is also grateful to the many scientists who have contributed to the collection, archival, and dissemination, and subsequent analyses of the VORTEX2 dataset. Support for the current project was provided under National Science Foundation Grants AGS-0130316, AGS-0638572, and AGS-0802717, and the National Severe Storms Laboratory Director's Discretionary Fund. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 30 IS 10 BP 2266 EP 2280 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00036.1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 300HN UT WOS:000330455100004 ER EF