FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Churnside, JH AF Churnside, James H. TI Review of profiling oceanographic lidar SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Review DE oceanography; lidar; ocean optics; remote sensing; polarization; fisheries; plankton; internal waves ID VOLUME SCATTERING FUNCTION; THIN PHYTOPLANKTON LAYERS; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; SUBSURFACE OCEANIC LAYER; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; AIRBORNE LIDAR; BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; FISH SCHOOLS; RAMAN LIDAR AB This paper provides a review of the development of profiling oceanographic lidars. These can provide quantitative profiles of the optical properties of the water column to depths of 20 to 30 m in productive coastal waters and to depths of 100 m for a blue lidar in the open ocean. The properties that can be measured include beam attenuation, diffuse attenuation, absorption, volume scattering at the scattering angle of 180 deg, and total backscattering. Lidar can be used to infer the relative vertical distributions of fish, plankton, bubbles, and other scattering particles. Using scattering as a tracer, lidar can provide information on the dynamics of the upper ocean, including mixed-layer depth, internal waves, and turbulence. Information in the polarization of the lidar return has been critical to the success of many of these investigations. Future progress in the field is likely through a better understanding of the variability of the lidar ratio and the application of high-spectral-resolution lidar to the ocean. Somewhat farther into the future, capabilities are likely to include lidar profiling of temperature in the ocean and an oceanographic lidar in space. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Churnside, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.h.churnside@noaa.gov RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 151 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 7 U2 66 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 53 IS 5 AR 051405 DI 10.1117/1.OE.53.5.051405 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 287VU UT WOS:000329571200004 ER PT J AU Lottig, NR Wagner, T Henry, EN Cheruvelil, KS Webster, KE Downing, JA Stow, CA AF Lottig, Noah R. Wagner, Tyler Henry, Emily Norton Cheruvelil, Kendra Spence Webster, Katherine E. Downing, John A. Stow, Craig A. TI Long-Term Citizen-Collected Data Reveal Geographical Patterns and Temporal Trends in Lake Water Clarity SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MACROSYSTEMS; RESPONSES AB We compiled a lake-water clarity database using publically available, citizen volunteer observations made between 1938 and 2012 across eight states in the Upper Midwest, USA. Our objectives were to determine (1) whether temporal trends in lake-water clarity existed across this large geographic area and (2) whether trends were related to the lake-specific characteristics of latitude, lake size, or time period the lake was monitored. Our database consisted of >140,000 individual Secchi observations from 3,251 lakes that we summarized per lake-year, resulting in 21,020 summer averages. Using Bayesian hierarchical modeling, we found approximately a 1% per year increase in water clarity (quantified as Secchi depth) for the entire population of lakes. On an individual lake basis, 7% of lakes showed increased water clarity and 4% showed decreased clarity. Trend direction and strength were related to latitude and median sample date. Lakes in the southern part of our study-region had lower average annual summer water clarity, more negative long-term trends, and greater inter-annual variability in water clarity compared to northern lakes. Increasing trends were strongest for lakes with median sample dates earlier in the period of record (1938-2012). Our ability to identify specific mechanisms for these trends is currently hampered by the lack of a large, multi-thematic database of variables that drive water clarity (e. g., climate, land use/cover). Our results demonstrate, however, that citizen science can provide the critical monitoring data needed to address environmental questions at large spatial and long temporal scales. Collaborations among citizens, research scientists, and government agencies may be important for developing the data sources and analytical tools necessary to move toward an understanding of the factors influencing macro-scale patterns such as those shown here for lake water clarity. C1 [Lottig, Noah R.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Ctr Limnol Trout Lake Stn, Boulder Jct, WI 54512 USA. [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Henry, Emily Norton; Cheruvelil, Kendra Spence] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Henry, Emily Norton] Oregon State Univ, Dept Outreach & Engagement, Tillamook, OR USA. [Cheruvelil, Kendra Spence] Michigan State Univ, Lyman Briggs Coll, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Webster, Katherine E.] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Sch Nat Sci, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Downing, John A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA USA. [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Lottig, NR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Madison, Ctr Limnol Trout Lake Stn, Boulder Jct, WI 54512 USA. EM nrlottig@wisc.edu OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855; Webster, Katherine/0000-0002-6009-0146 FU National Science Foundation [MSB-1065786, EF-1065818, EF-1065649]; NTL-LTER [DEB-0822700]; STRIVE from the Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland [2011-W-FS-7] FX Funding for this research was provided by the National Science Foundation (MSB-1065786, EF-1065818, EF-1065649) and NTL-LTER (DEB-0822700). K. E. W. also thanks STRIVE grant 2011-W-FS-7 from the Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland for support. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 34 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 30 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 4 AR e95769 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0095769 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AL1WP UT WOS:000338917300018 PM 24788722 ER PT J AU Bricker, S Lauenstein, G Maruya, K AF Bricker, Suzanne Lauenstein, Gunnar Maruya, Keith TI NOAA's Mussel Watch Program: Incorporating contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) into a long-term monitoring program SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material ID CALIFORNIA COAST; MYTILUS SPP.; LAND-USE; TRENDS C1 [Bricker, Suzanne; Lauenstein, Gunnar] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Maruya, Keith] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project Author, Costa Mesa, CA USA. RP Bricker, S (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM suzanne.bricker@noaa.gov; gglauenstein@gmail.com; keithm@sccwrp.org NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR 30 PY 2014 VL 81 IS 2 SI SI BP 289 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.06.040 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI2SH UT WOS:000336707900001 PM 23871202 ER PT J AU Melwani, AR Gregorio, D Jin, Y Stephenson, M Ichikawa, G Siegel, E Crane, D Lauenstein, G Davis, JA AF Melwani, Aroon R. Gregorio, Dominic Jin, Yujie Stephenson, Mark Ichikawa, Gary Siegel, Emily Crane, Dave Lauenstein, Gunnar Davis, Jay A. TI Mussel watch update: Long-term trends in selected contaminants from coastal California, 1977-2010 SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Bivalves; Mussels; Trends; Bioaccumulation; Contaminants; California ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; TEMPORAL TRENDS; BIOACCUMULATION; ESTUARY; HARBOR; FISH; BIVALVES; OYSTERS; PROGRAM AB This study examined trends in contaminants measured during three decades of "Mussel Watch" monitoring on the California coast. Chlorinated organic contaminants and butyltins declined the most rapidly, with tissue concentrations in 2010 that were up to 75% lower than during the 1980s. Silver and lead declined at about half of the stations statewide, but generally exhibited slower rates of decline relative to the organic compounds. In contrast, copper increased at many stations, and PAHs showed little evidence for declines. Mussels from San Francisco Bay and the Southern California Bight were historically the most contaminated and have had the steepest declines. Overall, these data show that the "Mussel Watch" approach to monitoring contaminants in California has provided some of the best evidence of the effectiveness of actions to improve water quality over the past 30 years. These datasets also highlight challenges that remain in managing PAHs and copper. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Melwani, Aroon R.; Davis, Jay A.] San Francisco Estuary Inst, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Gregorio, Dominic; Jin, Yujie; Siegel, Emily] State Water Resources Control Board, Div Water Qual, Sacramento, CA 95812 USA. [Stephenson, Mark; Ichikawa, Gary] Marine Pollut Studies Lab, Dept Fish & Game, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Crane, Dave] Water Pollut Control Lab, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. [Lauenstein, Gunnar] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Melwani, AR (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. EM aroon.melwani@mq.edu.au OI Melwani, Aroon/0000-0002-7939-2996 FU Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program; SWRCB; San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI); Commonwealth of Australia International Postgraduate Research Scholarship; SFEI [677] FX The data used in this study were graciously provided by State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the Regional Monitoring Program for Water Quality in the San Francisco Estuary. This study was funded by the Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program, the SWRCB, and the San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI), with additional support by a Commonwealth of Australia International Postgraduate Research Scholarship to AM. We thank Rachel Allen, Shira Bezalel, Jennifer Hunt, and Marcus Klatt (all SFEI) and Papantzin Cid (SWRCB) for their assistance with data management and graphics on this project. Thanks to Chris Beegan (SWRCB), Linda Candelaria (Santa Ana RWQCB), Keith Maruya (SCCWRP), and two anonymous reviewers for providing constructive comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This is SFEI Contribution # 677. NR 50 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR 30 PY 2014 VL 81 IS 2 SI SI BP 291 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.04.025 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI2SH UT WOS:000336707900002 PM 23711838 ER PT J AU Sericano, JL Wade, TL Sweet, ST Ramirez, J Lauenstein, GG AF Sericano, Jose L. Wade, Terry L. Sweet, Stephen T. Ramirez, Juan Lauenstein, Gunnar G. TI Temporal trends and spatial distribution of DDT in bivalves from the coastal marine environments of the continental United States, 1986-2009 SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE DDTs; "Mussel Watch"; Bivalves; Coastal environments; Continental USA ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT; MUSSEL WATCH APPROACH; PALOS-VERDES SHELF; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS; HEAVY-METALS; USA; SEDIMENTS; OYSTERS AB Analysis of DDT isomers and breakdown products, DDD and DDE, in over 3500 bivalve samples collected from more than 300 locations along the continental United States indicates that concentrations are decreasing. Overall average concentrations for the East (45.8 +/- 24.6 ng/g dw), Gulf (42.4 +/- 21.1 ng/g dw), and West (90.9 +/- 43.3 ng/g dw) coasts are declining with an environmental half-life between 10 and 14 years and are predicted to decrease below 10% of today's concentrations by 2050. Geographically, areas with high and low levels are well identified. Bivalves yielding the highest concentrations were collected in areas linked to areas of DDT production or heavy usage. These areas are clustered in the southern California and San Francisco area, on the West coast; Delaware and Hudson/Raritan Estuary, on the East coast; and in Alabama and northwestern Florida, on the Gulf of Mexico. Statistically significant decreasing trends in Sigma DDT concentrations are apparent at most of these locations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sericano, Jose L.; Wade, Terry L.; Sweet, Stephen T.] Texas A&M Univ, GERG, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Ramirez, Juan] TDI Brooks Int Inc, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Lauenstein, Gunnar G.] NOAA, N SCI1, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Sericano, JL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, GERG, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM jlsericano@geos.tamu.edu NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR 30 PY 2014 VL 81 IS 2 SI SI BP 303 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.12.049 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI2SH UT WOS:000336707900003 PM 24655944 ER PT J AU Wade, TL Sweet, ST Sericano, JL DeFreitas, DA Lauenstein, GG AF Wade, Terry L. Sweet, Stephen T. Sericano, Jose L. DeFreitas, Debra A. Lauenstein, Gunnar G. TI Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans detected in bivalve samples from the NOAA National Status and Trends Program SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Dioxin; Furan; TEQ; Mussel; Oyster; Coastal United States ID HEAVY-METAL CONTAMINATION; ADJACENT MARINE WATERS; ST-LOUIS BAY; MUSSEL WATCH; CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; SEDIMENTS; OYSTERS; MISSISSIPPI; SHELLFISH AB Bivalve samples from 142 sites were analyzed to determine the concentration and toxicity equivalents (TEQ) of dioxins and furans (D/F) as part of the NOAA National Status and Trends Program. The total concentration of 17 D/F ranged from not detected to 203 pg/g wet weight of tissue. Octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, OCDD, had a concentration range from not detected to 189 pg/g and a mean concentration of 8.65 pg/g. OCDD was the dominant DIP compound detected and accounted for, on average, over 70% of the total D/F concentration. The TEQ (compared to 2,3,7,8-TCDD) ranged from 0.12 to 7.32 pg TEQ/g. The TEQ for 39% of the bivalves analyzed were below 0.238 pg TEQ/g. TEQ above human consumption advisory concentration of 1.2 pg TEQ/g were found in 9.3% of the samples analyzed. TEQ for D/F indicate very limited human health concerns from consumption of bivalves at most of the locations sampled. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wade, Terry L.; Sweet, Stephen T.; Sericano, Jose L.; DeFreitas, Debra A.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Geosci, Geochem & Environm Res Grp, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Lauenstein, Gunnar G.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Natl Ocean Serv, Cut Bank, MT 59427 USA. RP Wade, TL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Geosci, Geochem & Environm Res Grp, 833 Graham Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM terry@gerg.tamu.edu; gglauenstein@gmail.com FU National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science through GERG's Contracts from the NOAA NST program FX We wish to thank the National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science for providing partial funding through GERG's Contracts from the NOAA NS&T program. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR 30 PY 2014 VL 81 IS 2 SI SI BP 317 EP 324 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.09.002 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI2SH UT WOS:000336707900004 PM 24095200 ER PT J AU Edwards, M Jacob, AP Kimbrough, KL Davenport, E Johnson, WE AF Edwards, M. Jacob, A. P. Kimbrough, K. L. Davenport, E. Johnson, W. E. TI Assessment of trace elements and legacy contaminant concentrations in California Mussels (Mytilus spp.): Relationship to land use and outfalls SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Mussel Watch; Mytilus; Legacy contaminants; Trace elements; California; Coastal ecosystems ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; UNITED-STATES; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS; WATCH PROGRAMS; URBAN SOILS; SEDIMENTS; METAL AB NOAA's Mussel Watch Program funded a regional pilot project in California that characterized contaminants associated with various land uses in conjunction with state, federal and private partners. Herein we assess the magnitude and distribution of trace elements and persistent organic contaminants in indigenous mussels with respect to land use, presence of outfalls and a subset of California Areas of Special Biological Significance (ASBS). We detected significant differences among the land use categories for the majority of trace elements and legacy contaminants measured. There was no significant difference between sites with and without outfalls. PCBs and PAHs were significantly lower in sites within ASBS boundary compared to other sites. The findings of this study will help fine tune future regional and national assessments as well as guide development of resource management and remediation activities and programs. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Edwards, M.; Kimbrough, K. L.; Davenport, E.; Johnson, W. E.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Jacob, A. P.] Consolidated Safety Serv, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Jacob, AP (reprint author), Consolidated Safety Serv, 10301 Democracy Lane,Suite 300, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM Annie.Jacob@noaa.gov NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR 30 PY 2014 VL 81 IS 2 SI SI BP 325 EP 333 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.02.030 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI2SH UT WOS:000336707900005 PM 24655943 ER PT J AU Maruya, KA Dodder, NG Schaffner, RA Weisberg, SB Gregorio, D Klosterhaus, S Alvarez, DA Furlong, ET Kimbrough, KL Lauenstein, GG Christensen, JD AF Maruya, Keith A. Dodder, Nathan G. Schaffner, Rebecca A. Weisberg, Stephen B. Gregorio, Dominic Klosterhaus, Susan Alvarez, David A. Furlong, Edward T. Kimbrough, Kimani L. Lauenstein, Gunnar G. Christensen, John D. TI Refocusing Mussel Watch on contaminants of emerging concern (CECs): The California pilot study (2009-10) SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Mussel Watch; Mytilus; Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs); Passive sampling devices; California; Coastal ecosystems ID ENVIRONMENT; WATER AB To expand the utility of the Mussel Watch Program, local, regional and state agencies in California partnered with NOAA to design a pilot study that targeted contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Native mussels (Mytilus spp.) from 68 stations, stratified by land use and discharge scenario, were collected in 2009-10 and analyzed for 167 individual pharmaceuticals, industrial and commercial chemicals and current use pesticides. Passive sampling devices (PSDs) and caged Mytilus were co-deployed to expand the list of CECs, and to assess the ability of PSDs to mimic bioaccumulation by Mytilus. A performance-based quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) approach was developed to ensure a high degree of data quality, consistency and comparability. Data management and analysis were streamlined and standardized using automated software tools. This pioneering study will help shape future monitoring efforts in California's coastal ecosystems, while serving as a model for monitoring CECs within the region and across the nation. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Maruya, Keith A.; Dodder, Nathan G.; Schaffner, Rebecca A.; Weisberg, Stephen B.] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project Author, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. [Gregorio, Dominic] Calif State Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Klosterhaus, Susan] San Francisco Estuary Inst, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Alvarez, David A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Furlong, Edward T.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kimbrough, Kimani L.; Lauenstein, Gunnar G.; Christensen, John D.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Maruya, KA (reprint author), Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project Author, 3535 Harbor Blvd Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. EM keithm@sccwrp.org; gglauenstein@gmail.com RI Dodder, Nathan/C-7971-2015; Weisberg, Stephen/B-2477-2008 OI Dodder, Nathan/0000-0001-5913-1767; Weisberg, Stephen/0000-0002-0655-9425 FU NOAA [MOA-2006-054/7001]; SWRCB Ocean Unit; SCCWRP member agencies and the SFEI Regional Monitoring Program FX This study was supported by NOAA MOA-2006-054/7001, and by in-kind contributions from the SWRCB Ocean Unit, SCCWRP member agencies and the SFEI Regional Monitoring Program. The authors wish to thank P. Salop, R. Evans; M. Edwards, A. Jacob, E. Johnson, L Nachbar, T. Collier, R. Callender and G. Matlock (NOAA); T. Grayson and L Huff (USEPA); J. Kucklick (NIST), C. Beegan and E. Siegel (SWRCB); M. Sedlak, J. Davis and R. Hoenicke (SFEI); J. Ramirez and A. Fryer (TDI-Brooks Inc.); R. Grace, C. Navaroli (AXYS Analytical Inc.), and D. Diehl, D. Tsukada and S. Bay (SCCWRP) for their contributions. We also thank the following members of MARINe: R. Ambrose, J. Engle, C. Gramlich, S. Murray, P. Raimondi, D. Richards and J. Smith, as well as the four anonymous reviewers of the initial manuscript submission. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR 30 PY 2014 VL 81 IS 2 SI SI BP 334 EP 339 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.04.027 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI2SH UT WOS:000336707900006 PM 23886247 ER PT J AU Dodder, NG Maruya, KA Ferguson, PL Grace, R Kiosterhaus, S La Guardia, MJ Lauenstein, GG Ramirez, J AF Dodder, Nathan G. Maruya, Keith A. Ferguson, P. Lee Grace, Richard Kiosterhaus, Susan La Guardia, Mark J. Lauenstein, Gunnar G. Ramirez, Juan TI Occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern in mussels (Mytilus spp.) along the California coast and the influence of land use, storm water discharge, and treated wastewater effluent SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Contaminants of emerging concern; Mussel; California; Marine environment ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; UNITED-STATES; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; USE PESTICIDES; SEDIMENTS; BIOACCUMULATION; BIVALVES; ACCUMULATION; NONYLPHENOL AB Contaminants of emerging concern were measured in mussels collected along the California coast in 2009-2010. The seven classes were alkylphenols, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), other flame retardants, current use pesticides, perfluorinated compounds (PFC), and single walled carbon nanotubes. At least one contaminant was detected at 67 of the 68 stations (98%), and 67 of the 167 analytes had at least one detect (40%). Alkylphenol, PBDE, and PFC concentrations increased with urbanization and proximity to storm water discharge; pesticides had higher concentrations at agricultural stations. These results suggest that certain compounds; for example, alkyiphenols, lomefloxacin and PBDE, are appropriate for inclusion in future coastal bivalve monitoring efforts based on maximum concentrations >50 ng/g dry weight and detection frequencies >50%. Other compounds, for example PFC and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), may also be suggested for inclusion due to their >25% detection frequency and potential for biomagnification. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dodder, Nathan G.; Maruya, Keith A.] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project Author, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. [Ferguson, P. Lee] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Grace, Richard] AXYS Analyt Serv, Sidney, BC V8L 5X2, Canada. [Kiosterhaus, Susan] San Francisco Estuary Inst, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [La Guardia, Mark J.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Lauenstein, Gunnar G.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Ramirez, Juan] TDI BI, B&B Labs, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Dodder, NG (reprint author), Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project Author, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. EM nathand@sccwrp.org; gglauenstein@gmail.com RI Ferguson, Lee/A-5501-2013; Dodder, Nathan/C-7971-2015 OI Dodder, Nathan/0000-0001-5913-1767 FU NOAA [MOA-2006-054/7001] FX We thank Becky Schaffner for assistance with the land use analysis and Kurunthachalam Kannan for the PFC analysis. This project was a general collaborative agreement with NOAA, code MOA-2006-054/7001. NR 43 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 6 U2 77 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR 30 PY 2014 VL 81 IS 2 SI SI BP 340 EP 346 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.06.041 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI2SH UT WOS:000336707900007 PM 23849955 ER PT J AU Maruya, KA Dodder, NG Weisberg, SB Gregorio, D Bishop, JS Klosterhaus, S Alvarez, DA Furlong, ET Bricker, S Kimbrough, KL Lauenstein, GG AF Maruya, Keith A. Dodder, Nathan G. Weisberg, Stephen B. Gregorio, Dominic Bishop, Jonathan S. Klosterhaus, Susan Alvarez, David A. Furlong, Edward T. Bricker, Suzanne Kimbrough, Kimani L. Lauenstein, Gunnar G. TI The Mussel Watch California pilot study on contaminants of emerging concern (CECs): Synthesis and next steps SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Mussel Watch; Mytilus; Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs); Passive sampling devices; California; Coastal ecosystems ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; FLAME RETARDANTS; WATER; SEDIMENTS; WILDLIFE; ESTUARY; BIGHT AB A multiagency pilot study on mussels (Mytilus spp.) collected at 68 stations in California revealed that 98% of targeted contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) were infrequently detectable at concentrations <= 1 ng/g. Selected chemicals found in commercial and consumer products were more frequently detected at mean concentrations up to 470 ng/g dry wt. The number of CECs detected and their concentrations were greatest for stations categorized as urban or influenced by storm water discharge. Exposure to a broader suite of CECs was also characterized by passive sampling devices (PSDs), with estimated water concentrations of hydrophobic compounds correlated with Mytilus concentrations. The results underscore the need for focused CEC monitoring in coastal ecosystems and suggest that PSDs are complementary to bivalves in assessing water quality. Moreover, the partnership established among participating agencies led to increased spatial coverage, an expanded list of analytes and a more efficient use of available resources. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Maruya, Keith A.; Dodder, Nathan G.; Weisberg, Stephen B.] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project Author, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. [Bishop, Jonathan S.] Calif State Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Klosterhaus, Susan] San Francisco Estuary Inst, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Alvarez, David A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Furlong, Edward T.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Bricker, Suzanne; Kimbrough, Kimani L.; Lauenstein, Gunnar G.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Maruya, KA (reprint author), Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project Author, 3535 Harbor Blvd Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. EM keithm@sccwrp.org; gglauenstein@gmail.com RI Dodder, Nathan/C-7971-2015; Weisberg, Stephen/B-2477-2008 OI Dodder, Nathan/0000-0001-5913-1767; Weisberg, Stephen/0000-0002-0655-9425 FU NOAA [MOA-2006-054/7001]; SWRCB; member agencies of the SCCWRP and the SFEI Regional Monitoring Program FX This study was supported by NOAA MOA-2006-054/7001, and by in-kind contributions from the SWRCB, the member agencies of the SCCWRP and the SFEI Regional Monitoring Program. The authors thank M. Edwards, A. Jacob, E. Johnson, G. Piniak, J. Christensen and R. Callender of NOAA, C. Beegan and E. Siegel of the SWRCB, M. Sedlak, J. Davis and R. Hoenicke of SFEI, B. Schaffner of SCCWRP, as well as two anonymous reviewers of the original manuscript. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR 30 PY 2014 VL 81 IS 2 SI SI BP 355 EP 363 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.04.023 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI2SH UT WOS:000336707900009 PM 23731723 ER PT J AU Zhao, J Shen, Y Birgeneau, RJ Gao, M Lu, ZY Lee, DH Lu, XZ Xiang, HJ Abernathy, DL Zhao, Y AF Zhao, Jun Shen, Yao Birgeneau, R. J. Gao, Miao Lu, Zhong-Yi Lee, D. -H. Lu, X. Z. Xiang, H. J. Abernathy, D. L. Zhao, Y. TI Neutron Scattering Measurements of Spatially Anisotropic Magnetic Exchange Interactions in Semiconducting K0.85Fe1.54Se2 (T-N=280 K) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; WAVES; FILMS AB We use neutron scattering to study the spin excitations associated with the stripe antiferromagnetic order in semiconducting K0.85Fe1.54Se2 (T-N = 280 K). We show that the spin-wave spectra can be accurately described by an effective Heisenberg Hamiltonian with highly anisotropic inplane couplings at T = 5 K. At high temperature (T = 300 K) above TN, short-range magnetic correlation with anisotropic correlation lengths are observed. Our results suggest that, despite the dramatic difference in the Fermi surface topology, the inplane anisotropic magnetic couplings are a fundamental property of the iron-based compounds; this implies that their antiferromagnetism may originate from local strong correlation effects rather than weak coupling Fermi surface nesting. C1 [Zhao, Jun; Shen, Yao; Lu, X. Z.; Xiang, H. J.] Fudan Univ, State Key Lab Surface Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Jun; Shen, Yao; Lu, X. Z.; Xiang, H. J.] Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Birgeneau, R. J.; Lee, D. -H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Birgeneau, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gao, Miao; Lu, Zhong-Yi] Renmin Univ China, Dept Phys, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. [Lee, D. -H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Abernathy, D. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhao, Y.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zhao, J (reprint author), Fudan Univ, State Key Lab Surface Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM zhaoj@fudan.edu.cn RI Abernathy, Douglas/A-3038-2012; Zhao, Jun/A-2492-2010; BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012; Xiang, Hongjun/I-4305-2016 OI Abernathy, Douglas/0000-0002-3533-003X; Zhao, Jun/0000-0002-0421-8934; Xiang, Hongjun/0000-0002-9396-3214 FU Fudan University; NSFC [11374059, 11190024, 91121008]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC03-76SF008]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX We thank D.X. Yao for helpful discussions. J.Z. and Y.S acknowledge the start-up support from Fudan University and NSFC (Grant No. 11374059). The research at UC Berkeley is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contracts No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, No. DE-AC03-76SF008, and No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. M. G. and Z.-Y. L. are supported by NSFC (Grants No. 11190024 and No. 91121008). The research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source is sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 30 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 17 AR 177002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.177002 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AH0NM UT WOS:000335816700020 PM 24836268 ER PT J AU Li, B Wen, HM Wang, HL Wu, H Tyagi, M Yildirim, T Zhou, W Chen, BL AF Li, Bin Wen, Hui-Min Wang, Hailong Wu, Hui Tyagi, Madhusudan Yildirim, Taner Zhou, Wei Chen, Banglin TI A Porous Metal-Organic Framework with Dynamic Pyrimidine Groups Exhibiting Record High Methane Storage Working Capacity SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH H-2 ADSORPTION; SMALL MOLECULES; CO2 ADSORPTION; SITES; GAS; HYDROCARBONS; SEPARATION; HYDROGEN; MOFS AB We have realized a new porous metal-organic framework UTSA-76a with pyrimidine groups on the linker, exhibiting high volumetric methane uptake of similar to 260 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3) at 298 K and 65 bar, and record high working capacity of similar to 200 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3) (between 5 and 65 bar). Such exceptionally high working capacity is attributed to the central "dynamic" pyrimidine groups within UTSA-76a, which are capable of adjusting their orientations to optimize the methane packing at high pressure, as revealed by computational studies and neutron scattering experiments. C1 [Li, Bin; Wen, Hui-Min; Wang, Hailong; Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Wu, Hui; Tyagi, Madhusudan; Yildirim, Taner; Zhou, Wei] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui; Tyagi, Madhusudan; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Yildirim, T (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM taner@seas.upenn.edu; wzhou@nist.gov; banglin.chen@utsa.edu RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010; Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Li, Bin/J-6124-2015; Wen, Huimin/G-6215-2015 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115; Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; Li, Bin/0000-0002-7774-5452; Wen, Huimin/0000-0002-3531-3379 FU Welch Foundation [AX-1730]; DOE BES Grant [DE-FG02-08ER46522] FX This work was supported by an Award AX-1730 from Welch Foundation (BC). T.Y. acknowledges partial support from the DOE BES Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46522. NR 42 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 21 U2 139 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 30 PY 2014 VL 136 IS 17 BP 6207 EP 6210 DI 10.1021/ja501810r PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AG4DJ UT WOS:000335369200015 PM 24730649 ER PT J AU Caulton, DR Shepson, PB Santoro, RL Sparks, JP Howarth, RW Ingraffea, AR Cambaliza, MOL Sweeney, C Karion, A Davis, KJ Stirm, BH Montzka, SA Miller, BR AF Caulton, Dana R. Shepson, Paul B. Santoro, Renee L. Sparks, Jed P. Howarth, Robert W. Ingraffea, Anthony R. Cambaliza, Maria O. L. Sweeney, Colm Karion, Anna Davis, Kenneth J. Stirm, Brian H. Montzka, Stephen A. Miller, Ben R. TI Toward a better understanding and quantification of methane emissions from shale gas development SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE unconventional gas; greenhouse gas; hydraulic fracturing ID NATURAL-GAS; UNITED-STATES; FOOTPRINT AB The identification and quantification of methane emissions from natural gas production has become increasingly important owing to the increase in the natural gas component of the energy sector. An instrumented aircraft platform was used to identify large sources of methane and quantify emission rates in southwestern PA in June 2012. A large regional flux, 2.0-14 g CH4 s(-1) km(-2), was quantified for a similar to 2,800-km(2) area, which did not differ statistically from a bottom-up inventory, 2.3-4.6 g CH4 s(-1) km(-2). Large emissions averaging 34 g CH4/s per well were observed from seven well pads determined to be in the drilling phase, 2 to 3 orders of magnitude greater than US Environmental Protection Agency estimates for this operational phase. The emissions from these well pads, representing similar to 1% of the total number of wells, account for 4-30% of the observed regional flux. More work is needed to determine all of the sources of methane emissions from natural gas production, to ascertain why these emissions occur and to evaluate their climate and atmospheric chemistry impacts. C1 [Caulton, Dana R.; Shepson, Paul B.; Cambaliza, Maria O. L.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Shepson, Paul B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Stirm, Brian H.] Purdue Univ, Dept Aviat Technol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Santoro, Renee L.; Ingraffea, Anthony R.] Phys Scientists & Engineers Hlth Energy, Ithaca, NY 14851 USA. [Sparks, Jed P.; Howarth, Robert W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ingraffea, Anthony R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Sweeney, Colm; Karion, Anna; Montzka, Stephen A.; Miller, Ben R.] NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sweeney, Colm; Karion, Anna; Miller, Ben R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Davis, Kenneth J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Caulton, DR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM dcaulton@purdue.edu OI Miller, Benjamin/0000-0003-1647-0122; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 FU David R. Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future at Cornell University FX We thank Karen Edelstein and Bongghi Hong for their help in compiling the bottom-up inventory and Carolina Siso for flask VOC analysis. The data presented here can be made available by the authors, by contacting pshepson@purdue.edu. Funding was provided by the David R. Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future at Cornell University. NR 41 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 10 U2 130 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 29 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 17 BP 6237 EP 6242 DI 10.1073/pnas.1316546111 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AG1TL UT WOS:000335199000042 PM 24733927 ER PT J AU Mejia-Falla, PA Cortes, E Navia, AF Zapata, FA AF Mejia-Falla, Paola A. Cortes, Enric Navia, Andres F. Zapata, Fernando A. TI Age and Growth of the Round Stingray Urotrygon rogersi, a Particularly Fast-Growing and Short-Lived Elasmobranch SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MODELING FISH GROWTH; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; GULF-OF-MEXICO; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; LIFE-HISTORY; CHONDRICHTHYAN FISHES; UROLOPHUS-PAUCIMACULATUS; MULTIMODEL INFERENCE; EASTERN AUSTRALIA; UROBATIS-HALLERI AB We examined the age and growth of Urotrygon rogersi on the Colombian coast of the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean by directly estimating age using vertebral centra. We verified annual deposition of growth increments with marginal increment analysis. Eight growth curves were fitted to four data sets defined on the basis of the reproductive cycle (unadjusted or adjusted for age at first band) and size variables (disc width or total length). Model performance was evaluated using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC), AIC weights and multi-model inference criteria. A two-phase growth function with adjusted age provided the best description of growth for females (based on five parameters, DW infinity = 20.1 cm, k = 0.22 yr(-1)) and males (based on four and five parameters, DW infinity = 15.5 cm, k = 0.65 yr(-1)). Median maturity of female and male U. rogersi is reached very fast (mean +/- SE = 1.0 +/- 0.1 year). This is the first age and growth study for a species of the genus Urotrygon and results indicate that U. rogersi attains a smaller maximum size and has a shorter lifespan and lower median age at maturity than species of closely related genera. These life history traits are in contrast with those typically reported for other elasmobranchs. C1 [Mejia-Falla, Paola A.; Navia, Andres F.] SQUALUS, Fdn Colombiana Invest & Conservac Tiburones & Ray, Cali, Colombia. [Mejia-Falla, Paola A.; Zapata, Fernando A.] Univ Valle, Dept Biol, Grp Invest Ecol Arrecifes Coralinos, Cali 25360, Colombia. [Cortes, Enric] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL USA. RP Mejia-Falla, PA (reprint author), SQUALUS, Fdn Colombiana Invest & Conservac Tiburones & Ray, Carrera 60A 11-39, Cali, Colombia. EM pmejia@squalus.org OI Navia, Andres Felipe/0000-0002-6758-7729 FU PADI Foundation; Initiative of Endangered Species (IEA-Scolarships); Colciencias-Universidad del Valle-SQUALUS project [1106-452-21080, RC-258-2008]; Colciencias FX This study was partially supported by the PADI Foundation (www.padifoundation.org), the Initiative of Endangered Species (IEA-Scolarships, http://www.omacha.org/2012-04-12-18-55-26/iniciativa-de-especies-amenaza das) and the Colciencias-Universidad del Valle-SQUALUS project (Code: 1106-452-21080, Contract: RC-258-2008). P.A.M. was funded by a scholarship from Colciencias (www.colciencias.gov.co) for PhD studies. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 28 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 4 AR e96077 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0096077 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AW4HM UT WOS:000346241800027 PM 24776963 ER PT J AU Indelicato, P Mohr, PJ Sapirstein, J AF Indelicato, Paul Mohr, Peter J. Sapirstein, J. TI Coordinate-space approach to vacuum polarization SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LAMB SHIFT; MUONIC HYDROGEN; SELF-ENERGY; FIELD; PROTON; ATOMS AB The vacuum-polarization correction for bound electrons or muons is examined. The objective is to formulate a framework for calculating the correction from bound-state quantum electrodynamics entirely in coordinate space, including the Uehling potential, which is usually isolated and treated separately. Pauli-Villars regularization is applied to the coordinate-space calculation and the most singular terms are shown to be eliminated, leaving the physical correction after charge renormalization. The conventional derivation of the Uehling potential in momentum space is reviewed and compared to the coordinate-space derivation. C1 [Indelicato, Paul] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Ecole Normale Super, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Mohr, Peter J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sapirstein, J.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Indelicato, P (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Ecole Normale Super, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France. EM paul.indelicato@lkb.ens.fr; mohr@nist.gov; jsapirst@nd.edu RI Indelicato, Paul/D-7636-2011 OI Indelicato, Paul/0000-0003-4668-8958 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 28 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 4 AR 042121 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.042121 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AI9WZ UT WOS:000337297400003 ER PT J AU Wang, YH Anderson, BM Clark, CW AF Wang, Yi-Hsieh Anderson, Brandon M. Clark, Charles W. TI Spinor Bose-Einstein condensates of positronium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MIXING DYNAMICS; ANNIHILATION; GASES; LASER AB Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) of positronium (Ps) have been of experimental and theoretical interest due to their potential application as the gain medium of a gamma-ray laser. Ps BECs are intrinsically spinor due to the presence of ortho-positronium (o-Ps) and para-positronium (p-Ps), whose annihilation lifetimes differ by three orders of magnitude. In this paper, we study the spinor dynamics and annihilation processes in the p-Ps/o-Ps system using both solutions of the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equations and a semiclassical rate-equation approach. The spinor interactions have an O(4) symmetry which is broken to SO(3) by an internal energy difference between o-Ps and p-Ps. For an initially unpolarized condensate, there is a threshold density of approximate to 10(19) cm(-3) at which spin mixing between o-Ps and p-Ps occurs. Beyond this threshold, there are unstable spatial modes accompanied by spin mixing. To ensure a high production yield above the critical density, a careful choice of external field must be made to avoid the spin mixing instability. C1 [Wang, Yi-Hsieh] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, YH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Anderson, Brandon/0000-0001-6895-9902 FU NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at JQI; ARO; Atomtronics MURI; DARPA's OLE Program FX We thank David B. Cassidy for bringing this problem to our attention and for helpful comments and suggestions. We acknowledge financial support from the NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at JQI, and the ARO with funds from both the Atomtronics MURI and DARPA's OLE Program. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 28 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 4 AR 043624 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.043624 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AI9WZ UT WOS:000337297400013 ER PT J AU Disseler, SM AF Disseler, Steven M. TI Direct evidence for the all-in/all-out magnetic structure in the pyrochlore iridates from muon spin relaxation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB In the pyrochlore iridates R2Ir2O7 (R = lanthanide, Y) determination of the magnetic structure of the iridium moments remains an outstanding problem despite the role this is expected to play in the formation of novel band structures and topologies in these materials. In this work, an analysis of the experimentally measured spontaneous muon spin precession frequency is presented which incorporates both probabilistic and ab initio modeling techniques to determine the ground state magnetic structure. It is shown that the experimentally observed results are consistent only with a magnetically ordered Ir4+ sublattice with the so-called "all-in/all-out" magnetic structure, and that the electronic state of the Ir4+ is best described by the J(eff) = 1/2 model in several member compounds. Through this approach it is also demonstrated that such a simple structure is not likely to be present on the rare-earth sublattice which contains much larger localized moments. C1 [Disseler, Steven M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Disseler, Steven M.] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Disseler, SM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.disseler@nist.gov OI Disseler, Steven/0000-0002-5079-6145 NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 28 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 14 AR 140413 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.140413 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AI9XM UT WOS:000337299900002 ER PT J AU Kondrashov, D Denton, R Shprits, YY Singer, HJ AF Kondrashov, D. Denton, R. Shprits, Y. Y. Singer, H. J. TI Reconstruction of gaps in the past history of solar wind parameters SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE solar wind; reconstruction; gaps; singular spectrum analysis AB The historical (1972-2013) gaps of the solar wind parameters are filled-in by smooth modes of covariability using the continuous geomagnetic indices with Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA). A systematic study using experiments with synthetic gaps has been performed to determine optimal SSA parameters for reconstruction of gaps over full solar cycle and to assess the reconstruction skill. We assessed the accuracy of the SSA gap-filling for solar wind reconstruction in T96 and TS05 empirical magnetic field models by using GOES measurements at geostationary orbit, and compared it to the results based on parameters from existing Qin and Denton interpolation. The SSA gap-filling method does improve accuracy of empirical magnetic field models, especially when gaps are large and in particular for the TS05 magnetic field model. Key Points SSA gap-filling significantly improves accuracy of TS05 model in large gaps SSA provides for most improvement in correlation in large gaps SSA-reconstructed 1972-2013 solar wind data set is included in SI C1 [Kondrashov, D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Kondrashov, D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Denton, R.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Shprits, Y. Y.] Skolkovo Inst Sci & Technol, Moscow, Russia. [Shprits, Y. Y.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Shprits, Y. Y.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kondrashov, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM dkondras@atmos.ucla.edu RI Kondrashov, Dmitri/E-2067-2016 OI Kondrashov, Dmitri/0000-0002-3471-7275 FU NSF from the National Science Foundation [AGS-1102009]; NSF [AGS-1105790]; NASA [NNX10AQ60G] FX It is a pleasure to thank two anonymous reviewers for thoughtful and stimulating comments. This study was supported by the grant NSF AGS-1102009 from the National Science Foundation. Work at Dartmouth College was supported by NSF grant AGS-1105790 and NASA grant NNX10AQ60G. The OMNI data were obtained from the GSFC/SPDF OMNIWeb interface at http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov. Results of this study and 1972-2013 reconstruction of solar wind and W parameters are available in the supporting information, and will be also made available at the research website of D. Kondrashov (http://www.atmos.ucla.edu/tcd/dkondras/SolarWind.html) and VIRBO in March 2014. The reconstructed solar wind parameters for 1984-1995 have been made available online at ViRBO:http://virbo.org/RBW#2010, ftp://virbo.org/users/kondrashov/SolarWind_WithDate_v2, and http://virbo.org/OMNI/OMNI2#Notes. The basic SSA gap-filling algorithm is available in the SSA-MTM Toolkit http://www.atmos.ucla.edu/tcd/ssa/. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 8 BP 2702 EP 2707 DI 10.1002/2014GL059741 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AH0KW UT WOS:000335809800006 ER PT J AU Kolenderski, P Scarcella, C Johnsen, KD Hamel, DR Holloway, C Shalm, LK Tisa, S Tosi, A Resch, KJ Jennewein, T AF Kolenderski, Piotr Scarcella, Carmelo Johnsen, Kelsey D. Hamel, Deny R. Holloway, Catherine Shalm, Lynden K. Tisa, Simone Tosi, Alberto Resch, Kevin J. Jennewein, Thomas TI Time-resolved double-slit interference pattern measurement with entangled photons SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM; LIGHT AB The double-slit experiment strikingly demonstrates the wave-particle duality of quantum objects. In this famous experiment, particles pass one-by-one through a pair of slits and are detected on a distant screen. A distinct wave-like pattern emerges after many discrete particle impacts as if each particle is passing through both slits and interfering with itself. Here we present a temporally-and spatially-resolved measurement of the double-slit interference pattern using single photons. We send single photons through a birefringent double-slit apparatus and use a linear array of single-photon detectors to observe the developing interference pattern. The analysis of the buildup allows us to compare quantum mechanics and the corpuscular model, which aims to explain the mystery of single-particle interference. Finally, we send one photon from an entangled pair through our double-slit setup and show the dependence of the resulting interference pattern on the twin photon's measured state. Our results provide new insight into the dynamics of the buildup process in the double-slit experiment, and can be used as a valuable resource in quantum information applications. C1 [Kolenderski, Piotr] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Inst Phys, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Scarcella, Carmelo; Tosi, Alberto] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Elettron Informaz & Bioingn, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Johnsen, Kelsey D.; Hamel, Deny R.; Holloway, Catherine; Shalm, Lynden K.; Resch, Kevin J.; Jennewein, Thomas] Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Johnsen, Kelsey D.; Hamel, Deny R.; Holloway, Catherine; Shalm, Lynden K.; Resch, Kevin J.; Jennewein, Thomas] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Shalm, Lynden K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Tisa, Simone] Micro Photon Device Srl, I-39100 Bolzano, Italy. RP Kolenderski, P (reprint author), Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Inst Phys, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. EM kolenderski@fizyka.umk.pl RI Kolenderski, Piotr/D-6266-2014; Tosi, Alberto/J-5275-2012; Hamel, Deny/C-7071-2017 OI Kolenderski, Piotr/0000-0003-2478-2417; Tosi, Alberto/0000-0003-1210-2875; Hamel, Deny/0000-0002-4788-7548 FU NSERC; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation (ERA program); CIFAR; Industry Canada; CFI; European Union Seventh Framework Programme [257646]; Mobility Plus project [602/MOB/2011/0]; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Foundation for Polish Science under Homing Plus program [2013-7/9]; National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland FX The authors acknowledge funding from NSERC, Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation (ERA program), CIFAR, Industry Canada and the CFI. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 257646. The authors thank Simone Bellisai and Franco Zappa for their contribution in developing the detectors array and Christopher Granade for insightful discussions. PK acknowledges support by Mobility Plus project no. 602/MOB/2011/0 financed by Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education and by Foundation for Polish Science under Homing Plus no. 2013-7/9 program supported by European Union under PO IG project and by the National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 22 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD APR 28 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 4685 DI 10.1038/srep04685 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AF8WZ UT WOS:000334997600001 PM 24770360 ER PT J AU Petrenko, B Ignatov, A Kihai, Y Stroup, J Dash, P AF Petrenko, Boris Ignatov, Alexander Kihai, Yury Stroup, John Dash, Prasanjit TI Evaluation and selection of SST regression algorithms for JPSS VIIRS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE sea surface temperature; algorithm; regression; accuracy; precision; sensitivity ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; OCEANS; TERRA; MODIS; AQUA AB Two global level 2 sea surface temperature (SST) products are generated at NOAA from the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor data records (L1) with two independent processing systems, the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Interface Data Processing Segment (IDPS) and the NOAA heritage Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Oceans (ACSPO). The two systems use different SST retrieval and cloud masking algorithms. Validation against in situ and L4 analyses has shown suboptimal performance of the IDPS product. In this context, existing operational and proposed SST algorithms have been evaluated for their potential implementation in IDPS. This paper documents the evaluation methodology and results. The performance of SST retrievals is characterized with bias and standard deviation with respect to in situ SSTs and sensitivity to true SST. Given three retrieval metrics, all being variable in space and with observational conditions, an additional integral metric is needed to evaluate the overall performance of SST algorithms. Therefore, we introduce the Quality Retrieval Domain (QRD) as a part of the global ocean, where the retrieval characteristics meet predefined specifications. Based on the QRDs analyses for all tested algorithms over a representative range of specifications for accuracy, precision, and sensitivity, we have selected the algorithms developed at the EUMETSAT Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI-SAF) for implementation in IDPS and ACSPO. Testing the OSI-SAF algorithms with ACSPO and IDPS products shows the improved consistency between VIIRS SST and Reynolds L4 daily analysis. Further improvement of the IDPS SST product requires adjustment of the VIIRS cloud and ice masks. Key Points Regression SST algorithms for VIIRS are selected from existing SST algorithms Algorithm metric is defined as area in which SST specifications are met Selected algorithms emphasize angular dependencies of regression coefficients C1 [Petrenko, Boris; Ignatov, Alexander; Kihai, Yury; Stroup, John; Dash, Prasanjit] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Satellite & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Petrenko, Boris; Kihai, Yury] GST Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Stroup, John] STG Inc, Reston, VA USA. [Dash, Prasanjit] CIRA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Petrenko, B (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Satellite & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM boris.petrenko@noaa.gov RI Dash, Prasanjit/F-5582-2010; Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 FU JPSS Program Office; GOES-R Program Office FX This work was conducted under the JPSS Data Products and Algorithms Team (DPA) and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Series (GOES-R) Algorithm Working Group (AWG) funded by the JPSS and GOES-R Program Offices, respectively. We thank JPSS Program Scientist Mitch Goldberg and AWG Manager Jaime Daniels. Thanks also go to our NOAA colleagues John Sapper, XingMing Liang, Feng Xu, and Denise Frey for assistance, discussions, and feedback at its different stages. We also thank our JPSS SST colleagues, Peter Minnett, Bob Evans, and Kay Kilpatrick (University of Miami), Doug May and Jean-Francois Cayula (NAVO), Bob Arnone and Walton McBride (Navy Research Laboratory and University of Southern Mississippi), and Pierre LeBorgne and Herve Roquet (EUMETSAT OSI-SAF) for providing their algorithms and helpful discussions. Constructive comments by three anonymous reviewers have been instrumental for the authors to rethink and rewrite this manuscript. We particularly thank one reviewer, who not only suggested improvements to our analyses but also provided specific examples and demonstrations of how some of them may be implemented. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 8 BP 4580 EP 4599 DI 10.1002/2013JD020637 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH0KP UT WOS:000335809100010 ER PT J AU Ciren, P Kondragunta, S AF Ciren, Pubu Kondragunta, Shobha TI Dust aerosol index (DAI) algorithm for MODIS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosol; dust; satellite; remote sensing ID RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; MINERAL DUST; ABSORBING AEROSOLS; OPTICAL DEPTH; SATELLITE; CLOUD; VARIABILITY; AERONET; LAND; PRECIPITATION AB A dust aerosol index (DAI) algorithm based on measurements in deep blue (412nm), blue (440nm), and shortwave IR (2130nm) wavelengths using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations has been developed. Contrary to some dust detection algorithms that use measurements at thermal IR bands, this algorithm takes advantage of the spectral dependence of Rayleigh scattering, surface reflectance, and dust absorption to detect airborne dust. The DAI images generated by this algorithm agree qualitatively with the location and extent of dust observed in MODIS true color images. Quantitatively, the dust index generated for hundreds of dust outbreaks observed between 2006 and 2013 were compared to Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) Vertical Feature Mask (VFM) product and the detections are found to be accurate at 70% over land and 82% over ocean. The Probability of Correct Detection (POCD) is 80% over land and 76% over ocean. The dust detections with DAI-based dust identification algorithm were also compared to 5 years of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) observations for 13 stations with a wide range of geographical coverage. The average detection accuracy is similar to 70%, whereas the POCD is similar to 67%. The performance of DAI-based dust detection against AERONET is slightly weaker than that against CALIOP VFM because of the limited number of matchups for some stations. For stations close to source region or coastal and island stations, the accuracy and POCD can be as high as similar to 85% and similar to 89%, respectively. Key Points The developed algorithm is simple, fast, and sensitive to the presence of dust Can capture both the outbreak and transport of dust event very well Detections are found to be accurate at 70% over land and 82% over ocean C1 [Ciren, Pubu] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Ciren, Pubu; Kondragunta, Shobha] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. RP Ciren, P (reprint author), IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM pubu.ciren@noaa.gov RI Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010; Ciren, Pubu/E-6542-2011 OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046; NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 8 BP 4770 EP 4792 DI 10.1002/2013JD020855 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH0KP UT WOS:000335809100021 ER PT J AU Pandolfi, M Querol, X Alastuey, A Jimenez, JL Jorba, O Day, D Ortega, A Cubison, MJ Comeron, A Sicard, M Mohr, C Prevot, ASH Minguillon, MC Pey, J Baldasano, JM Burkhart, JF Seco, R Penuelas, J van Drooge, BL Artinano, B Di Marco, C Nemitz, E Schallhart, S Metzger, A Hansel, A Lorente, J Ng, S Jayne, J Szidat, S AF Pandolfi, M. Querol, X. Alastuey, A. Jimenez, J. L. Jorba, O. Day, D. Ortega, A. Cubison, M. J. Comeron, A. Sicard, M. Mohr, C. Prevot, A. S. H. Minguillon, M. C. Pey, J. Baldasano, J. M. Burkhart, J. F. Seco, R. Penuelas, J. van Drooge, B. L. Artinano, B. Di Marco, C. Nemitz, E. Schallhart, S. Metzger, A. Hansel, A. Lorente, J. Ng, S. Jayne, J. Szidat, S. TI Effects of sources and meteorology on particulate matter in the Western Mediterranean Basin: An overview of the DAURE campaign SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE DAURE; fossil OC and EC sources; biogenic SOA; inorganic salts; pollution episodes; Western Mediterranean Basin ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; REGIONAL BACKGROUND AEROSOLS; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PARTICLE NUMBER; HIGH-RESOLUTION; AIR-QUALITY; CARBONACEOUS AEROSOLS; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; BIOGENIC EMISSIONS AB DAURE (Determination of the Sources of Atmospheric Aerosols in Urban and Rural Environments in the Western Mediterranean) was a multidisciplinary international field campaign aimed at investigating the sources and meteorological controls of particulate matter in the Western Mediterranean Basin (WMB). Measurements were simultaneously performed at an urban-coastal (Barcelona, BCN) and a rural-elevated (Montseny, MSY) site pair in NE Spain during winter and summer. State-of-the-art methods such as C-14 analysis, proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometry, and high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometry were applied for the first time in the WMB as part of DAURE. WMB regional pollution episodes were associated with high concentrations of inorganic and organic species formed during the transport to inland areas and built up at regional scales. Winter pollutants accumulation depended on the degree of regional stagnation of an air mass under anticyclonic conditions and the planetary boundary layer height. In summer, regional recirculation and biogenic secondary organic aerosols (SOA) formation mainly determined the regional pollutant concentrations. The contribution from fossil sources to organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) and hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol concentrations were higher at BCN compared with MSY due to traffic emissions. The relative contribution of nonfossil OC was higher at MSY especially in summer due to biogenic emissions. The fossil OC/EC ratio at MSY was twice the corresponding ratio at BCN indicating that a substantial fraction of fossil OC was due to fossil SOA. In winter, BCN cooking emissions were identified as an important source of modern carbon in primary organic aerosol. C1 [Pandolfi, M.; Querol, X.; Alastuey, A.; Minguillon, M. C.; Pey, J.; van Drooge, B. L.] Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona, Spain. [Jimenez, J. L.; Day, D.; Cubison, M. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, J. L.; Day, D.; Ortega, A.; Cubison, M. J.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jorba, O.; Baldasano, J. M.] Ctr Nacl Supercomp, Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Earth Sci Dept, Barcelona, Spain. [Ortega, A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Comeron, A.; Sicard, M.] Tech Univ Catalonia, Signal Theory & Commun Dept, Remote Sensing Lab, Barcelona, Spain. [Sicard, M.] Tech Univ Catalonia, Aerosp & Res Ctr, Inst Space Studies Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain. [Mohr, C.; Prevot, A. S. H.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, Villigen, Switzerland. [Baldasano, J. M.] Tech Univ Catalonia, Environm Modeling Lab, Barcelona, Spain. [Burkhart, J. F.] NILU Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Seco, R.; Penuelas, J.] Global Ecol Unit CREAF CEAB UAB, CSIC, Cerdanyola Del Valles, Spain. [Penuelas, J.] CREAF, Cerdanyola Del Valles, Spain. [Artinano, B.] Environm & Technol CIEMAT, Energy Res Ctr, Madrid, Spain. [Di Marco, C.; Nemitz, E.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol Edinburgh, Penicuik, Midlothian, Scotland. [Schallhart, S.; Hansel, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ionenphys & Angew Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Metzger, A.] Ionicon Analyt, Innsbruck, Austria. [Lorente, J.] Univ Barcelona, Atmospher Phys Grp, Barcelona, Spain. [Ng, S.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Ng, S.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Jayne, J.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA USA. [Szidat, S.] Univ Bern, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bern, Switzerland. [Szidat, S.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Bern, Switzerland. RP Pandolfi, M (reprint author), Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona, Spain. EM marco.pandolfi@idaea.csic.es RI Szidat, Sonke/D-6706-2011; Penuelas, Josep/D-9704-2011; Pandolfi, Marco/F-9409-2016; Minguillon, Maria Cruz/F-9431-2016; Sicard, Michael/K-9064-2013; Querol, Xavier/E-2800-2014; Pey Betran, Jorge/F-6902-2015; LORENTE, JERONIMO/H-6258-2015; Alastuey, Andres/E-1706-2014; Burkhart, John/B-7095-2008; Prevot, Andre/C-6677-2008; Seco, Roger/F-7124-2011; Comeron, Adolfo/M-5507-2013; Hansel, Armin/F-3915-2010; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Mohr, Claudia/D-9857-2011; ARTINANO, BEGONA/L-1220-2014; Nemitz, Eiko/I-6121-2012; OI Szidat, Sonke/0000-0002-1824-6207; Penuelas, Josep/0000-0002-7215-0150; Pandolfi, Marco/0000-0002-7493-7213; Sicard, Michael/0000-0001-8287-9693; Querol, Xavier/0000-0002-6549-9899; Pey Betran, Jorge/0000-0002-5015-1742; LORENTE, JERONIMO/0000-0002-7463-1601; Alastuey, Andres/0000-0002-5453-5495; Burkhart, John/0000-0002-5587-1693; Prevot, Andre/0000-0002-9243-8194; Seco, Roger/0000-0002-2078-9956; Comeron, Adolfo/0000-0001-6886-3679; Hansel, Armin/0000-0002-1062-2394; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Mohr, Claudia/0000-0002-3291-9295; Nemitz, Eiko/0000-0002-1765-6298; Jorba, Oriol/0000-0001-5872-0244 FU MINECO (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness); MAGRAMA (Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Food Environment); FEDER funds; Accion Complementaria DAURE [CGL2007-30502-E/CLI]; VAMOS project [CGL2010-19464/CLI]; European Union (EUCAARI) [EUSAAR RII3-CT-2006-026140]; Departament de Medi Ambient i Habitatge of the Generalitat de Catalunya; Generalitat de Catalunya [2009 SGR8D]; Severo Ochoa Program [CGL2010/19652, CSD2007-0050, SEV-2011-00067]; Spanish Government; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; JAE-Doc CSIC program; European Social Fund (ESF); U.S. NSF from Atm. Chem. and OISE Office of International Science and Engineering [ATM-0920940, ATM-0919189]; DOE [DE-SC0006035]; DOE SCGF (ARRA/ORISE/ORAU) Fellowship [DE-AC05-06OR23100]; Spanish Government [CGL2010-17172, CSD2008-00040]; Catalan Government [SGR2009-458]; Fundacion Ramon Areces; Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure Network (ACTRIS) [262254]; FEDER funds [TEC2012-34575, TEC2009-09106/TEC, CGL2011-13580-E/CLI, CGL2011-16124-E/CLI] FX This work is supported by the MINECO (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness), the MAGRAMA (Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Food Environment), and FEDER funds; by the Accion Complementaria DAURE CGL2007-30502-E/CLI, the VAMOS project CGL2010-19464/CLI, the European Union (EUSAAR RII3-CT-2006-026140, EUCAARI), and the Departament de Medi Ambient i Habitatge of the Generalitat de Catalunya. This work was partially funded by Generalitat de Catalunya 2009 SGR8D. J. Baldasano and O. Jorba were partly supported by grants CGL2010/19652, CSD2007-0050, and SEV-2011-00067 of Severo Ochoa Program, awarded by the Spanish Government. M. C. Minguillon was supported by a postdoctoral grant in the frame of Programa Nacional de Movilidad de Recursos Humanos del Plan nacional de I-D+I 2008-2011 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and by the JAE-Doc CSIC program, cofunded by the European Social Fund (ESF). M. Pandolfi was funded by the Jae-DOC CSIC program cofunded by the European Social Fund (ESF). A. Day, A. M. Ortega, and J. L. Jimenez were partially supported by U.S. NSF grants ATM-0920940 and ATM-0919189 (from Atm. Chem. and OISE Office of International Science and Engineering), and by DOE grant DE-SC0006035. A. M. Ortega was supported by DOE SCGF (ARRA/ORISE/ORAU) Fellowship DE-AC05-06OR23100; J. Penuelas and R. Seco were supported by the Spanish Government projects CGL2010-17172 and Consolider Ingenio Montes CSD2008-00040, by the Catalan Government project SGR2009-458, and by a postdoctoral grant from Fundacion Ramon Areces to R. Seco. Lidar measurements were supported by the 7th Framework Programme project Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure Network (ACTRIS) (grant agreement 262254); by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and FEDER funds under the projects TEC2012-34575, TEC2009-09106/TEC, CGL2011-13580-E/CLI, and CGL2011-16124-E/CLI. Also acknowledged is L. Wacker (ETH Zurich) for making available the accelerator mass spectrometer MICADAS for 14C measurement. The authors would also like to acknowledge NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, SeaWIFS-NASA Project, University of Athens, Navy Research Laboratory-USA, and the Barcelona Supercomputing Centre for their contribution with TOMS maps, satellite images, SKIRON dust maps, NAAPs aerosol maps, and BSC-DREAM8b dust maps, respectively. The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and/or READY website (http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.html) used in this publication. The authors wish to thank the Catalan Meteorological Service for providing the BCN radio-sounding data. Finally, we would like to express our gratitude to Jesus Parga for his technical support. NR 83 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 50 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 8 BP 4978 EP 5010 DI 10.1002/2013JD021079 PG 33 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH0KP UT WOS:000335809100033 ER PT J AU Waller, RG Stone, RP Johnstone, J Mondragon, J AF Waller, Rhian G. Stone, Robert P. Johnstone, Julia Mondragon, Jennifer TI Sexual Reproduction and Seasonality of the Alaskan Red Tree Coral, Primnoa pacifica SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DEEP-SEA; FUNGIACYATHUS-MARENZELLERI; POCILLOPORA-DAMICORNIS; FERTILIZATION SUCCESS; MARINE-INVERTEBRATES; WATER CORALS; OCTOCORAL; ECOLOGY; REEF; GROWTH AB The red tree coral Primnoa pacifica is an important habitat forming octocoral in North Pacific waters. Given the prominence of this species in shelf and upper slope areas of the Gulf of Alaska where fishing disturbance can be high, it may be able to sustain healthy populations through adaptive reproductive processes. This study was designed to test this hypothesis, examining reproductive mode, seasonality and fecundity in both undamaged and simulated damaged colonies over the course of 16 months using a deepwater-emerged population in Tracy Arm Fjord. Females within the population developed asynchronously, though males showed trends of synchronicity, with production of immature spermatocysts heightened in December/January and maturation of gametes in the fall months. Periodicity of individuals varied from a single year reproductive event to some individuals taking more than the 16 months sampled to produce viable gametes. Multiple stages of gametes occurred in polyps of the same colony during most sampling periods. Mean oocyte size ranged from 50 to 200 mu m in any season, and maximum oocyte size (802 mu m) suggests a lecithotrophic larva. No brooding larvae were found during this study, though unfertilized oocytes were found adhered to the outside of polyps, where they are presumably fertilized. This species demonstrated size-dependent reproduction, with gametes first forming in colonies over 42-cm length, and steady oocyte sizes being achieved after reaching 80-cm in length. The average fecundity was 86 (+/- 12) total oocytes per polyp, and 17 (+/- 12) potential per polyp fecundity. Sub-lethal injury by removing 21-40% of colony tissue had no significant reproductive response in males or females over the course of this study, except for a corresponding loss in overall colony fecundity. The reproductive patterns and long gamete generation times observed in this study indicate that recruitment events are likely to be highly sporadic in this species increasing its vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbances. C1 [Waller, Rhian G.] Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Sch Marine Sci, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. [Stone, Robert P.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK USA. [Johnstone, Julia] Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. [Mondragon, Jennifer] NOAA, Alaska Reg Off, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK USA. RP Waller, RG (reprint author), Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Sch Marine Sci, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. EM rhian.waller@maine.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Alaska Fisheries Science Center; National Geographic Society FX This work was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Alaska Fisheries Science Center, and through the National Geographic Society. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 25 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 4 AR e90893 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0090893 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AI3CM UT WOS:000336736600001 PM 24770675 ER PT J AU Doxaran, D Lamquin, N Park, YJ Mazeran, C Ryu, JH Wang, MH Poteau, A AF Doxaran, David Lamquin, Nicolas Park, Young-Je Mazeran, Constant Ryu, Joo-Hyung Wang, Menghua Poteau, Antoine TI Retrieval of the seawater reflectance for suspended solids monitoring in the East China Sea using MODIS, MERIS and GOCI satellite data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ocean color remote sensing; Seawater reflectance; Profiling float; Coastal waters; Suspended sediment dynamics; East China Sea ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; REMOTE-SENSING REFLECTANCE; TURBID ESTUARINE WATERS; SOUTHERN NORTH-SEA; COLOR IMAGER GOCI; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; OCEANIC WATERS; YANGTZE-RIVER; MARINE PARTICLES AB The objectives of this study are to: (i) compare the potential of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS), the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) and the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) in retrieving the particulate backscattering coefficient, robust proxy of the concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM), in the turbid waters of the East China Sea, then (ii) combine ocean color satellite data to field data recorded by an autonomous bio-optical profiling float to reconstitute and explain the dynamics of SPM within the whole water column in the middle of the East China Sea. MODIS, MERIS and GOCI seawater reflectance products at green, red and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths are generated using atmospheric correction algorithms designed for turbid coastal waters then compared. Good agreement is obtained in the green and red while significant differences are observed in the NIR. The standard GOCI algorithm and a new one based on a regional empirical relationship established using MODIS satellite data are both proved to perform well over the whole range of water turbidity. Finally the dynamics of SPM is reconstituted along a three-month period to highlight a steady-state and stratified situation before the overpass of a large typhoon which mixed the water column, destroyed the deep-chlorophyll maximum and enhanced resuspension of bottom sediments varying according to tidal cycles. (c) 2013 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved. C1 [Doxaran, David; Poteau, Antoine] CNRS UPMC, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Park, Young-Je; Ryu, Joo-Hyung] KIOST, Korea Ocean Satellite Ctr, Seoul 425600, South Korea. [Lamquin, Nicolas; Mazeran, Constant] ACRI ST, F-06904 Sophia Antipolis, France. [Wang, Menghua] Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Doxaran, D (reprint author), CNRS UPMC, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. EM doxaran@obs-vlfr.fr RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 FU Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) through the GOYA [116405]; EC FP7 AQUAIVIAR project; Agence Nationale de la Recherche FX This study was funded by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) through the GOYA, Provpanache and contract no. 116405 projects, EC FP7 AQUAIVIAR project, and represents a contribution to the PABO project (Pi H. Claustre) funded by Agence Nationale de la Recherche. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR 25 PY 2014 VL 146 SI SI BP 36 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2013.06.020 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AH5TH UT WOS:000336193500005 ER PT J AU Carasso, AS AF Carasso, Alfred S. TI A Framework for Reproducible Latent Fingerprint Enhancements SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dodge and burn; fractional diffusion equation; latent fingerprints; progressive Levy stable smoothing; reproducible image enhancement AB Photoshop processing(1) of latent fingerprints is the preferred methodology among law enforcement forensic experts, but that appproach is not fully reproducible and may lead to questionable enhancements. Alternative, independent, fully reproducible enhancements, using IDL Histogram Equalization and IDL Adaptive Histogram Equalization, can produce better-defined ridge structures, along with considerable background information. Applying a systematic slow motion smoothing procedure to such IDL enhancements, based on the rapid FFT solution of a Levy stable fractional diffusion equation, can attenuate background detail while preserving ridge information. The resulting smoothed latent print enhancements are comparable to, but distinct from, forensic Photoshop images suitable for input into automated fingerprint identification systems, (AFIS). In addition, this progressive smoothing procedure can be reexamined by displaying the suite of progressively smoother IDL images. That suite can be stored, providing an audit trail that allows monitoring for possible loss of useful information, in transit to the user-selected optimal image. Such independent and fully reproducible enhancements provide a valuable frame of reference that may be helpful in informing, complementing, and possibly validating the forensic Photoshop methodology. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Carasso, AS (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alfred.carasso@nist.gov FU NIST FX This work was sponsored by the 2012 NIST Forensic Measurement Challenges grant, Metrics for Manipulation and Enhancement of Forensic Images. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD APR 25 PY 2014 VL 119 BP 212 EP 226 DI 10.6028/jres.119.006 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AG5IV UT WOS:000335453600001 PM 26601028 ER PT J AU Guise, ND Tan, JN Brewer, SM Fischer, CF Jonsson, P AF Guise, Nicholas D. Tan, Joseph N. Brewer, Samuel M. Fischer, Charlotte F. Jonsson, Per TI Measurement of the Kr XVIII 3d(2)D(5/2) lifetime at low energy in a unitary Penning trap SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID POTASSIUM ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; IONS; LINES; M1 AB A different technique is used to study the radiative decay of a metastable state in multiply ionized atoms. With use of a unitary Penning trap to selectively capture Kr17+ ions from an ion source at NIST, the decay of the 3d(2)D(5/2) metastable state is measured in isolation at low energy, without any active cooling. The highly ionized atoms are trapped in the fine structure of the electronic ground configuration with an energy spread of 4(1) eV, which is narrower than within the ion source by a factor of about 100. By observing the visible 637-nm photon emission of the forbidden transition from the 3d(2)D(5/2) level to the ground state, we measured its radiative lifetime to be tau = 24.48 ms +/- 0.28(stat.) ms +/- 0.14(syst.) ms. Remarkably, various theoretical predictions for this relativistic Rydberg atom are in agreement with our measurement at the 1% level. C1 [Guise, Nicholas D.; Tan, Joseph N.; Brewer, Samuel M.; Fischer, Charlotte F.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guise, Nicholas D.; Brewer, Samuel M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jonsson, Per] Malmo Univ, S-20506 Malmo, Sweden. RP Guise, ND (reprint author), Georgia Tech Res Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM Nicholas.Guise@gtri.gatech.edu RI Jonsson, Per/L-3602-2013 OI Jonsson, Per/0000-0001-6818-9637 FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST FX The work of N.D.G. was supported in part by a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST. We thank P. J. Mohr, J. Sapirstein, and Yu. Ralchenko for stimulating discussions. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 24 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 4 AR 040502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.040502 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AG5ZI UT WOS:000335497500001 ER PT J AU Chen, ZL Bohnet, JG Weiner, JM Cox, KC Thompson, JK AF Chen, Zilong Bohnet, Justin G. Weiner, Joshua M. Cox, Kevin C. Thompson, James K. TI Cavity-aided nondemolition measurements for atom counting and spin squeezing SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM; ENTANGLEMENT; LIMIT; SPECTROSCOPY; STATES; GENERATION; ROTATION; VACUUM; CLOCK AB Probing the collective spin state of an ensemble of atoms may provide a means to reduce heating via the photon recoil associated with the measurement and provide a robust, scalable route for preparing highly entangled states with spectroscopic sensitivity below the standard quantum limit for coherent spin states. The collective probing relies on obtaining a very large optical depth that can be effectively increased by placing the ensemble within an optical cavity such that the probe light passes many times through the ensemble. Here we provide expressions for measurement resolution and spectroscopic enhancement in such cavity- aided nondemolition measurements as a function of the cavity detuning. In particular, fundamental limits on spectroscopic enhancements in Rb-87 are considered. C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Chen, ZL (reprint author), Agcy Sci Technol & Res, Data Storage Inst, 5 Engn Dr 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore. EM chen.zilong@gmail.com; jkt@jila.colorado.edu RI Chen, Zilong/H-3405-2011 OI Chen, Zilong/0000-0003-4467-8537 FU NIST; NSF PFC; ARO; DARPA QuASAR; NSF GRF; NDSEG; National Science Foundation [1125844] FX All authors acknowledge financial support from NIST, NSF PFC, ARO, and DARPA QuASAR. Z.C. was supported in part by A*STAR Singapore. J.G.B. acknowledges support from NSF GRF, and K. C. C. acknowledges support from NDSEG. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1125844. NR 65 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 23 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 4 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.043837 PG 17 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AG3LM UT WOS:000335319300012 ER PT J AU Saha, SR Drye, T Goh, SK Klintberg, LE Silver, JM Grosche, FM Sutherland, M Munsie, TJS Luke, GM Pratt, DK Lynn, JW Paglione, J AF Saha, Shanta R. Drye, T. Goh, S. K. Klintberg, L. E. Silver, J. M. Grosche, F. M. Sutherland, M. Munsie, T. J. S. Luke, G. M. Pratt, D. K. Lynn, J. W. Paglione, J. TI Segregation of antiferromagnetism and high-temperature superconductivity in Ca1-xLaxFe2As2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID IRON PNICTIDES; DOPED CAFE2AS2; PHASE-DIAGRAM; COEXISTENCE; PRESSURE; AMBIENT AB We report the effect of applied pressures on magnetic and superconducting order in single crystals of the aliovalent La-doped iron pnictide material Ca1-xLaxFe2As2. Using electrical transport, elastic neutron scattering, and resonant tunnel diode oscillator measurements on samples under both quasihydrostatic and hydrostatic pressure conditions, we report a series of phase diagrams spanning the range of substitution concentrations for both antiferromagnetic and superconducting ground states that include pressure-tuning through the antiferromagnetic (AFM) superconducting critical point. Our results indicate that the observed superconducting phase with a maximum transition temperature of T-c = 47 K is intrinsic to these materials, appearing only upon suppression of magnetic order by pressure-tuning through the AFM critical point. Thus, the superconducting phase appears to exist exclusively in juxtaposition to the antiferromagnetic phase in a manner similar to the oxygen- and fluorine-based iron-pnictide superconductors with the highest transition temperatures reported to date. Unlike the lower-T-c systems, in which superconductivity and magnetism usually coexist, the tendency for the highest-T-c systems to show noncoexistence provides an important insight into the distinct transition temperature limits in different members of the iron-based superconductor family. C1 [Saha, Shanta R.; Drye, T.; Paglione, J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Goh, S. K.; Klintberg, L. E.; Silver, J. M.; Grosche, F. M.; Sutherland, M.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Munsie, T. J. S.; Luke, G. M.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Pratt, D. K.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Saha, SR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM srsaha@umd.edu; paglione@umd.edu RI Luke, Graeme/A-9094-2010; Grosche, Malte/A-7117-2012; OI Grosche, Malte/0000-0002-3912-9819; Silver, Jonathan/0000-0003-3152-3579 FU AFOSR-MURI [FA9550-09-1-0603]; NSF [DMR-0952716]; Royal Society; Trinity College Cambridge FX The authors acknowledge R. L. Greene, P. Canfield, G. Lonzarich, and P. Alireza for useful discussions, and we thank J. Leao for assistance with neutron diffraction measurements under pressure. Research at the University of Maryland was supported by the AFOSR-MURI (FA9550-09-1-0603) and the NSF (DMR-0952716). M. S. acknowledges support from the Royal Society, and S. K. G. from Trinity College Cambridge. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 46 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 23 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 13 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.134516 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AG3LP UT WOS:000335319800003 ER PT J AU Brown, P Wasbrough, MJ Gurkan, BE Hatton, TA AF Brown, Paul Wasbrough, Matthew J. Gurkan, Burcu E. Hatton, T. Alan TI CO2-Responsive Microemulsions Based on Reactive Ionic Liquids SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID IN-OIL MICROEMULSIONS; WATER; SURFACTANTS; CO2 AB We demonstrate that the nanodomains within a ternary system consisting of oil, surfactant, and a new reactive ionic liquid can be tuned reversibly upon exposure to and removal of CO2 under mild conditions of temperature and pressure. The equilibrium microstructures of these domains have been characterized by small-angle neutron scattering and demonstrate that control over emulsion morphology (and therefore physicochemical properties such as viscosity) and the breaking of emulsions can be achieved without the need for irreversible changes in system composition or significant energy input. C1 [Brown, Paul; Gurkan, Burcu E.; Hatton, T. Alan] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Wasbrough, Matthew J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hatton, TA (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM tahatton@mit.edu RI Wasbrough, Matthew/H-2252-2013 OI Wasbrough, Matthew/0000-0002-3225-7447 FU Saudi Aramco; NIST Centre for Neutron Research; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX We thank Saudi Aramco for funding and the NIST Centre for Neutron Research for beam time and a financial travel grant. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of NIST NR 24 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 22 PY 2014 VL 30 IS 15 BP 4267 EP 4272 DI 10.1021/la500675g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AF8UP UT WOS:000334991400010 PM 24690009 ER PT J AU Pajerowski, DM Ravel, B Li, CH Dumont, MF Talham, DR AF Pajerowski, Daniel M. Ravel, Bruce Li, Carissa H. Dumont, Matthieu F. Talham, Daniel R. TI X-ray Absorption Study of Structural Coupling in Photomagnetic Prussian Blue Analogue Core@Shell Particles SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOINDUCED FERRIMAGNETIC SYSTEMS; FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ALKALI CATION; C-I; CYANIDE; HETEROSTRUCTURES; MAGNETISM; EXAFS; HEXACYANOFERRATE AB X-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments of core@shell, photomagnetic, and Prussian Blue analogue heterostructures obtain the local structure around the magnetic transition-metal ions before and after illumination. Two samples, containing nickel hexacyanochromate (Ni-Cr) and cobalt hexacyanoferrate (Co-Fe) in Ni-Cr@Co-Fe and Co-Fe@Ni-Cr geometries, were studied. Both materials display the well-known photoinduced valence tautomerism for Co-Fe, accompanied by a large change in cobalt to nitrogen distances. Furthermore, these experimental results show a structural coupling of the photoactive Co-Fe layer to the passive Ni-Cr layer. Finally, the strain across the heterostructured interface in Co-Fe and Ni-Cr containing core@shell models is investigated with simulations that use custom potentials derived from density functional theory calculations. C1 [Pajerowski, Daniel M.; Ravel, Bruce] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Carissa H.; Dumont, Matthieu F.; Talham, Daniel R.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Pajerowski, DM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel@pajerowski.com OI Pajerowski, Daniel/0000-0003-3890-2379 FU National Research Council (NRC)/National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Research Associateship Program; NIST; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. National Science Foundation [DMR-1005581] FX We thank Edwin J. Heilweil for the use of FT-IR equipment during sample environment design and preliminary materials testing, and Brian Zakrzewski for his preliminary involvement. D.M.P. acknowledges support from the National Research Council (NRC)/National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Research Associateship Program. Additional support from NIST is also acknowledged. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) at Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886). D.R.T. acknowledges support by the U.S. National Science Foundation (through Grant No. DMR-1005581). NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 10 U2 94 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD APR 22 PY 2014 VL 26 IS 8 BP 2586 EP 2594 DI 10.1021/cm4042007 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AF8UO UT WOS:000334991300015 ER PT J AU Mansfield, KL Wyneken, J Porter, WP Luo, JG AF Mansfield, Katherine L. Wyneken, Jeanette Porter, Warren P. Luo, Jiangang TI First satellite tracks of neonate sea turtles redefine the 'lost years' oceanic niche SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE sea turtle 'lost years'; ocean migration; satellite telemetry; oceanic stage sea turtles; Caretta caretta; thermal niche ID CARETTA-CARETTA; BASKING BEHAVIOR; CHELONIA-MYDAS; GREEN TURTLES; GROWTH; MIGRATIONS; ECOLOGY; SCRIPTA; SURFACE; MODEL AB Few at-sea behavioural data exist for oceanic-stage neonate sea turtles, a life-stage commonly referred to as the sea turtle 'lost years'. Historically, the long-term tracking of small, fast-growing organisms in the open ocean was logistically or technologically impossible. Here, we provide the first long-term satellite tracks of neonate sea turtles. Loggerheads (Caretta caretta) were remotely tracked in the Atlantic Ocean using small solar-powered satellite transmitters. We show that oceanic-stage turtles (i) rarely travel in Continental Shelf waters, (ii) frequently depart the currents associated with the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre, (iii) travel quickly when in Gyre currents, and (iv) select sea surface habitats that are likely to provide a thermal benefit or refuge to young sea turtles, supporting growth, foraging and survival. Our satellite tracks help define Atlantic loggerhead nursery grounds and early loggerhead habitat use, allowing us to re-examine sea turtle 'lost years' paradigms. C1 [Mansfield, Katherine L.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Mansfield, Katherine L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Wyneken, Jeanette] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Porter, Warren P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Luo, Jiangang] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Mansfield, KL (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM kate.mansfield@ucf.edu FU Large Pelagics Research Center Extramural Grants Program; NOAA Fisheries; Southeast Fisheries Science Center; Florida Sea Turtle Grants Program; Save Our Seas Foundation; Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund; National Academies Research Associateship Program; Ashwanden Family Fund; Nelligan Sea Turtle Research Support Fund; Robertson Foundation; Bonefish Tarpon Trust FX Funding for this research was provided by the Large Pelagics Research Center Extramural Grants Program, NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Florida Sea Turtle Grants Program, Save Our Seas Foundation, Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund, the National Academies Research Associateship Program, the Ashwanden Family Fund, the Nelligan Sea Turtle Research Support Fund and personal funds. Funding for J. Luo was provided by the Robertson Foundation and the Bonefish & Tarpon Trust. NR 45 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 72 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD APR 22 PY 2014 VL 281 IS 1781 AR 20133039 DI 10.1098/rspb.2013.3039 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AC6NL UT WOS:000332640400015 PM 24598420 ER PT J AU Wineland, DJ AF Wineland, David J. TI Superposition, Entanglement, and Raising Schrodinger's Cat SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Review ID MONO-ION OSCILLATOR; OPTICAL FREQUENCY STANDARDS; TRAPPED ATOMIC IONS; QUANTUM JUMPS; RADIATION-PRESSURE; SINGLE-ATOM; PROJECTION NOISE; HYDROGEN MASER; NOBEL LECTURE; GROUND-STATE C1 [Wineland, David J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wineland, David J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wineland, DJ (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 165 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 25 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X EI 1793-656X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD APR 20 PY 2014 VL 29 IS 10 AR 1430027 DI 10.1142/S0217751X14300270 PG 27 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA AF4OS UT WOS:000334693700002 ER PT J AU Sharma, D Amani, M Motayed, A Shah, PB Birdwell, AG Najmaei, S Ajayan, PM Lou, J Dubey, M Li, QL Davydov, AV AF Sharma, Deepak Amani, Matin Motayed, Abhishek Shah, Pankaj B. Birdwell, A. Glen Najmaei, Sina Ajayan, Pulickel M. Lou, Jun Dubey, Madan Li, Qiliang Davydov, Albert V. TI Electrical transport and low-frequency noise in chemical vapor deposited single-layer MoS2 devices SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 2D materials; low-frequency noise; MoS2; flicker noise; generation recombination (G-R) noise ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; 1/F NOISE; MOLYBDENUM-DISULFIDE; GRAPHENE TRANSISTORS; INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; MONOLAYER MOS2; FLICKER NOISE; LINEAR REGION; MOSFET; MODEL AB We have studied temperature-dependent (77-300 K) electrical characteristics and low-frequency noise (LFN) in chemical vapor deposited (CVD) single-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) based back-gated field-effect transistors (FETs). Electrical characterization and LFN measurements were conducted on MoS2 FETs with Al2O3 top-surface passivation. We also studied the effect of top-surface passivation etching on the electrical characteristics of the device. Significant decrease in channel current and transconductance was observed in these devices after the Al2O3 passivation etching. For passivated devices, the two-terminal resistance variation with temperature showed a good fit to the activation energy model, whereas for the etched devices the trend indicated a hopping transport mechanism. A significant increase in the normalized drain current noise power spectral density (PSD) was observed after the etching of the top passivation layer. The observed channel current noise was explained using a standard unified model incorporating carrier number fluctuation and correlated surface mobility fluctuation mechanisms. Detailed analysis of the gate-referred noise voltage PSD indicated the presence of different trapping states in passivated devices when compared to the etched devices. Etched devices showed weak temperature dependence of the channel current noise, whereas passivated devices exhibited near-linear temperature dependence. C1 [Sharma, Deepak; Li, Qiliang] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Sharma, Deepak; Motayed, Abhishek; Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Amani, Matin; Shah, Pankaj B.; Birdwell, A. Glen; Dubey, Madan] Army Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Motayed, Abhishek] Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Najmaei, Sina; Ajayan, Pulickel M.; Lou, Jun] Rice Univ, Dept Mat Sci & NanoEngn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Sharma, D (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM amotayed@nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695 FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-0112802]; US Army Research Laboratory (ARL); Welch Foundation [C-1716]; NSF [ECCS-1327093]; US Army Research Office MURI grant [W911NF-11-1-0362] FX This work is partially supported by National Science Foundation under grant no. ECCS-0112802. MA, PBS, AGB and MD acknowledge the support of the US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Director's Strategic Initiative (DSI) program on interfaces in stacked 2D atomic layered materials. SN and JL would like to acknowledge Welch Foundation grant C-1716 and the NSF grant ECCS-1327093 for their support. SN and PMA would also like to thank the support of the US Army Research Office MURI grant W911NF-11-1-0362. The authors would also like to thank Dr Pani Varanasi, ARO for in-depth technical discussion on 2D atomic layers R&D. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the ARL or the US Government. The US Government is authorized to reproduce or distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation herein. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 13 U2 176 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD APR 18 PY 2014 VL 25 IS 15 AR 155702 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/25/15/155702 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AD6TN UT WOS:000333394100012 PM 24642948 ER PT J AU Zhu, PY Song, JX Lv, DP Wang, DH Jaye, C Fischer, DA Wu, TP Chen, YS AF Zhu, Pengyu Song, Jiangxuan Lv, Dongping Wang, Donghai Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Wu, Tianpin Chen, Yongsheng TI Mechanism of Enhanced Carbon Cathode Performance by Nitrogen Doping in Lithium-Sulfur Battery: An X-ray Absorption Spectroscopic Study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN REDUCTION; K-EDGE; NEAR-EDGE; XANES SPECTROSCOPY; GRAPHENE OXIDE; SPECIATION; INTERLAYER; CAPACITY; CELLS; STATE AB Lithium-sulfur batteries have drawn much attention in advanced energy storage development due to their high theoretical specific capacity; however, several obstacles hinder their applications, including rapid capacity loss due to dissolution of polysulfide into the electrolyte. Nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon cathode materials were found to effectively immobilize sulfur species and minimize the sulfur loss. In this work, we use X-ray absorption near-edge structure ()CANES) spectroscopy to probe the coordination structures of C, O, and N in a carbon cathode before and after the sulfur loading in order to better understand the effects of nitrogen doping. A significant change in oxygen coordination structure is observed, whereas the carbon and nitrogen chemical environments remain unaltered. In addition, the significant change in S K-edge XANES spectra is also observed after sulfur was loaded on nitrogen-doped carbon cathode material. These observations reveal that strong interaction between the nitrogen-doped carbon and sulfur is through oxygen functional groups, and nitrogen doping probably makes oxygen functional groups more reactive toward sulfur. C1 [Zhu, Pengyu; Chen, Yongsheng] Penn State Univ, EMS Energy Inst, John & Willie Leone Family Dept Energy & Mineral, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Song, Jiangxuan; Lv, Dongping; Wang, Donghai] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Tianpin] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, DH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM dwang@psu.edu; yzc2@psu.edu RI Wang, Donghai/L-1150-2013; Chen, Yongsheng/P-4800-2014; Song, Jiangxuan/G-8536-2015 OI Wang, Donghai/0000-0001-7261-8510; FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX XANES experiments conducted on U7A Beam line at the National Synchrotron Light Source (Brookhaven National Laboratory) were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 38 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 8 U2 112 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD APR 17 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 15 BP 7765 EP 7771 DI 10.1021/jp4123634 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AF5BZ UT WOS:000334730300004 ER PT J AU Ross, KA Harriger, L Yamani, Z Buyers, WJL Garrett, JD Menovsky, AA Mydosh, JA Broholm, CL AF Ross, K. A. Harriger, L. Yamani, Z. Buyers, W. J. L. Garrett, J. D. Menovsky, A. A. Mydosh, J. A. Broholm, C. L. TI Strict limit on in-plane ordered magnetic dipole moment in URu2Si2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON SUPERCONDUCTOR URU2SI2; HIDDEN-ORDER; COMPOUND URU2SI2; EXCITATIONS; PRESSURE; SCATTERING; PHASE AB Neutron diffraction is used to examine the polarization of weak static antiferromagnetism in high quality single crystalline URu2Si2. As previously documented, elastic Bragg-like diffraction develops for temperature T < T-HO = 17.5 K at q = (100) but not at wave vector transfer q = (001). The peak width indicates correlation lengths xi(c) = 230(12) angstrom and xi(a) = 240(15) angstrom. The integrated intensity of the T-dependent peaks corresponds to a sample averaged c-oriented staggered moment of mu(c) = 0.022(1) mu(B) at T = 1.7 K. The absence of T-dependent diffraction at q = (001) places a limit mu(1) < 0.0011 mu(B) on an f - or d-orbital-based in-plane staggered magnetic dipole moment, which is associated with multipolar orders proposed for URu2Si2. C1 [Ross, K. A.; Broholm, C. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ross, K. A.; Broholm, C. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ross, K. A.; Harriger, L.; Broholm, C. L.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yamani, Z.; Buyers, W. J. L.] CNR, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. [Garrett, J. D.] McMaster Univ, Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L85 4M1, Canada. [Menovsky, A. A.] Univ Amsterdam, Van der Waals Zeeman Lab, NL-1018 XE Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Mydosh, J. A.] Leiden Univ, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Broholm, C. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ross, KA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI yamani, zahra/B-7892-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy, office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Material Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-08ER46544]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX The authors acknowledge illuminating discussions with P. Chandra, P. Coleman and R. Flint. K. A. R. acknowledges the helpful logistical assistance of J.W. Lynn. Work at IQM was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Material Sciences and Engineering under Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46544. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 17 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 15 AR 155122 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.155122 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AF3EP UT WOS:000334594600001 ER PT J AU Mishra, S Mitchell, DL Turner, DD Lawson, RP AF Mishra, Subhashree Mitchell, David L. Turner, David D. Lawson, R. P. TI Parameterization of ice fall speeds in midlatitude cirrus: Results from SPartICus SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL PARTICLE IMAGERY; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; WATER-CONTENT; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; TERMINAL VELOCITIES; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; EFFECTIVE RADIUS; CLIMATE MODELS; CLOUDS C1 [Mishra, Subhashree] Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Mishra, Subhashree; Mitchell, David L.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Lawson, R. P.] SPEC Inc, Boulder, CO USA. RP Mishra, S (reprint author), Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM subh.mishra@gmail.com FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); NSF EPSCoR climate change fellowship [EPS-0814372] FX This research was primarily supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Additional support was obtained through NSF EPSCoR climate change fellowship grant EPS-0814372. Data used for this work was obtained during the SPartICus field campaign. These data are freely available to interested researchers through the DOE ARM program. Data from the 2D-S and other cloud probes can be accessed from . Satellite analysis data are available from . The authors are grateful to the scientists at SPEC Inc. for their help and support during the data analysis process. Qixu Mo is sincerely acknowledged for providing Matlab code for initial data processing. We thank Brad Baker for answering numerous scientific and field data-related questions. We also thank Sara Lance at SPEC for reprocessing the initial SpartICus data with a corrected algorithm intended for our specific needs. All reprocessed data are available on the ARM archive and can be accessed using the link above. The authors sincerely thank Greg McFarquhar and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive and thoughtful feedback on this paper. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 7 BP 3857 EP 3876 DI 10.1002/2013JD020602 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AF7PZ UT WOS:000334908300013 ER PT J AU Liu, HQ Remer, LA Huang, JF Huang, HC Kondragunta, S Laszlo, I Oo, M Jackson, JM AF Liu, Hongqing Remer, Lorraine A. Huang, Jingfeng Huang, Ho-Chun Kondragunta, Shobha Laszlo, Istvan Oo, Min Jackson, John M. TI Preliminary evaluation of S-NPP VIIRS aerosol optical thickness SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT; DATA ASSIMILATION; DEPTH RETRIEVALS; DUST AEROSOLS; MODIS; PRODUCTS; CLIMATE; AERONET; VALIDATION; POLLUTION C1 [Liu, Hongqing] IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD USA. [Liu, Hongqing; Huang, Jingfeng; Huang, Ho-Chun; Kondragunta, Shobha; Laszlo, Istvan] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Remer, Lorraine A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Catonsville, MD USA. [Huang, Jingfeng; Huang, Ho-Chun] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Laszlo, Istvan] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Oo, Min] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jackson, John M.] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA USA. RP Liu, HQ (reprint author), IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD USA. EM Hongqing.Liu@noaa.gov RI Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010; Huang, Jingfeng/D-7336-2012; Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Liu, Hongqing/F-5608-2010 OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046; Huang, Jingfeng/0000-0002-8779-2922; Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Liu, Hongqing/0000-0002-9246-5379 NR 48 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 7 BP 3942 EP 3962 DI 10.1002/2013JD020360 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AF7PZ UT WOS:000334908300019 ER PT J AU Ervens, B Sorooshian, A Lim, YB Turpin, BJ AF Ervens, Barbara Sorooshian, Armin Lim, Yong B. Turpin, Barbara J. TI Key parameters controlling OH-initiated formation of secondary organic aerosol in the aqueous phase (aqSOA) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID METHYL VINYL KETONE; IN-CLOUD PROCESSES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; REACTIVE UPTAKE; PHOTOCHEMICAL FORMATION; SIMULATED CONDITIONS; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; EFFECTIVE RADIUS; WATER C1 [Ervens, Barbara] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ervens, Barbara] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Sorooshian, Armin] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ USA. [Sorooshian, Armin] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Lim, Yong B.; Turpin, Barbara J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Ervens, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM barbara.ervens@noaa.gov RI Turpin, Barbara /D-8346-2012; Lim, Yong/A-5310-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Lim, Yong/0000-0001-5000-5991; Sorooshian, Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264 FU NOAA's Climate Goal; Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0811, N00014-04-1-0118]; National Science Foundation [1052611]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results [83541201]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX B.E. acknowledges support from NOAA's Climate Goal. A.S. acknowledges Office of Naval Research grant N00014-10-1-0811, and the field measurements were supported by Office of Naval Research grant N00014-04-1-0118. B.T. and Y.L. acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (1052611) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (83541201). Although the research described in this paper has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's STAR program, it has not been subjected to any EPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 89 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 6 U2 75 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 7 BP 3997 EP 4016 DI 10.1002/2013JD021021 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AF7PZ UT WOS:000334908300022 ER PT J AU Hagihara, Y Okamoto, H Luo, ZJ AF Hagihara, Yuichiro Okamoto, Hajime Luo, Zhengzhao Johnny TI Joint analysis of cloud top heights from CloudSat and CALIPSO: New insights into cloud top microphysics SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LIDAR; ALGORITHM; RADAR; MODIS; PERFORMANCE; VALIDATION; ACTIVATION C1 [Hagihara, Yuichiro; Okamoto, Hajime] Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Luo, Zhengzhao Johnny] CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Luo, Zhengzhao Johnny] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Inst, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Okamoto, H (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Fukuoka 812, Japan. EM okamoto@riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp RI Okamoto, Hajime/E-6510-2010; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016 OI Okamoto, Hajime/0000-0002-4540-1698; FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [22340133, 2524708]; Special Coordination Fund for Promoting Science and Technology of the Japanese Cloud Seeding Experiments for Precipitation Augmentation (JCSEPA); Collaborative Research Program of Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, through the Study on influences of the global warming and rapid economic growth on the marine and atmospheric environment in the East Asia; GRENE Arctic Climate Change Research Project; NASA [NNX10AM31G, NNX12AC13G] FX We thank W. B. Rossow of City College of New York and K. Sato of Kyushu University for their helpful advice. We are grateful to the CloudSat and CALIPSO science teams and engineers whose efforts and commitment made this study possible. This work was partly supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan through Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research B (22340133) and A (2524708); by the Special Coordination Fund for Promoting Science and Technology of the Japanese Cloud Seeding Experiments for Precipitation Augmentation (JCSEPA); by the Collaborative Research Program of Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, through the Study on influences of the global warming and rapid economic growth on the marine and atmospheric environment in the East Asia; and by the GRENE Arctic Climate Change Research Project. Z.L. acknowledges support from NASA under grants NNX10AM31G and NNX12AC13G. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 7 BP 4087 EP 4106 DI 10.1002/2013JD020919 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AF7PZ UT WOS:000334908300026 ER PT J AU Seftor, CJ Jaross, G Kowitt, M Haken, M Li, J Flynn, LE AF Seftor, C. J. Jaross, G. Kowitt, M. Haken, M. Li, J. Flynn, L. E. TI Postlaunch performance of the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) nadir sensors SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID INSTRUMENT C1 [Seftor, C. J.; Kowitt, M.; Haken, M.; Li, J.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Jaross, G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Flynn, L. E.] NOAA, College Pk, MD USA. RP Seftor, CJ (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM colin.seftor@ssaihq.com RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009 OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614 NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 7 BP 4413 EP 4428 DI 10.1002/2013JD020472 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AF7PZ UT WOS:000334908300044 ER PT J AU Carr, SV Louca, D Siewenie, J Huang, Q Wang, AF Chen, XH Dai, PC AF Carr, Scott V. Louca, Despina Siewenie, Joan Huang, Q. Wang, Aifeng Chen, Xianhui Dai, Pengcheng TI Structure and composition of the superconducting phase in alkali iron selenide KyFe1.6+xSe2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETISM; ORDER AB We use neutron diffraction to study the temperature evolution of the average structure and local lattice distortions in insulating and superconducting potassium iron selenide KyFe1.6+xSe2. In the high temperature paramagnetic state, both materials have a single phase with a crystal structure similar to that of the BaFe2As2 family of iron pnictides. While the insulating KyFe1.6+xSe2 forms a root 5 x root 5 iron vacancy ordered block antiferromagnetic (AF) structure at low temperature, the superconducting compounds spontaneously phase separate into an insulating part with root 5 x root 5 iron vacancy order and a superconducting phase with chemical composition of KzFe2Se2 and BaFe2As2 structure. Therefore, superconductivity in alkaline iron selenides arises from alkali deficient KzFe2Se2 in the matrix of the insulating block AF phase. C1 [Carr, Scott V.; Dai, Pengcheng] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Louca, Despina] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Siewenie, Joan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Huang, Q.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Aifeng; Chen, Xianhui] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Wang, Aifeng; Chen, Xianhui] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Phys, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. RP Carr, SV (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM louca@virginia.edu; pdai@rice.edu RI Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170 FU US NSF [DMR-1308603, OISE-0968226]; US DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-01ER45927]; NSF [DMR 00-76488]; MOST; NSFC; Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX The work at Rice University is supported by the US NSF DMR-1308603 and OISE-0968226. The work at the University of Virginia is supported by the US DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-FG02-01ER45927. This work has benefited from the use of NPDF at the Lujan Center at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, funded by DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. The upgrade of NPDF has been funded by NSF through Grant No. DMR 00-76488. Work at USTC is supported by MOST and NSFC. NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 45 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 13 AR 134509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.134509 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AH0DU UT WOS:000335790100004 ER PT J AU Tozuka, T Cronin, MF AF Tozuka, Tomoki Cronin, Meghan F. TI Role of mixed layer depth in surface frontogenesis: The Agulhas Return Current front SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE mixed layer depth; SST front; frontolysis; frontogenesis; Agulhas Return Current ID SEA HEAT EXCHANGES; NORTH PACIFIC; GULF-STREAM; UPPER-OCEAN; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; KUROSHIO EXTENSION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; INDIAN-OCEAN; SYSTEM; MODEL AB Air-sea interaction processes that modify the sea surface temperature (SST) front in the Agulhas Return Current region (between 40 degrees E and 55 degrees E) during austral summer and winter are examined using observational data and output from a high-resolution ocean general circulation model. While the air-sea heat flux frontal variations tend to relax the SST front, the frontolysis is amplified (damped) in summer (winter) when frontal variations in the mixed layer depth (MLD) are incorporated. The stronger (weaker) frontolysis associated with the MLD variations is due to the fact that the warming (cooling) by the surface heat flux is amplified south of the front where the MLD is shallower and is reduced north of the front where the MLD is deeper. This study is the first to show that the MLD variations play an important role in affecting the strength of the SST front. Key Points Air-sea heat fluxes will tend to lead to frontolysis Meridional variations in mixed layer depth (MLD) lead to changes in frontogenesis MLD may play an important role in air-sea interaction in SST frontal zones C1 [Tozuka, Tomoki] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 113, Japan. [Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Tozuka, T (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 113, Japan. EM tozuka@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Tozuka, Tomoki/A-1805-2009 OI Tozuka, Tomoki/0000-0001-6738-1299 FU Japan Society for Promotion of Science [2205]; Japan Science and Technology Agency; Japan International Cooperation Agency through Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS) FX Constructive comments from two anonymous reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript. T. T. was supported by Japan Society for Promotion of Science through Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas 2205 and Japan Science and Technology Agency and Japan International Cooperation Agency through Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS). The OFES simulation was conducted on the Earth Simulator under the support of JAMSTEC. This is PMEL publication 4057. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 7 BP 2447 EP 2453 DI 10.1002/2014GL059624 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AF8RJ UT WOS:000334983000028 ER PT J AU Krasting, JP Dunne, JP Shevliakova, E Stouffer, RJ AF Krasting, J. P. Dunne, J. P. Shevliakova, E. Stouffer, R. J. TI Trajectory sensitivity of the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE climate sensitivity; cumulative emissions; transient climate response; TCRE; oceanic heat uptake; carbon sink ID LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; PART I; FORMULATION AB The robustness of Transient Climate Response to cumulative Emissions (TCRE) is tested using an Earth System Model (Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory-ESM2G) forced with seven different constant rates of carbon emissions (2 GtC/yr to 25 GtC/yr), including low emission rates that have been largely unexplored in previous studies. We find the range of TCRE resulting from varying emission pathways to be 0.76 to 1.04 degrees C/TtC. This range, however, is small compared to the uncertainty resulting from varying model physics across the Fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project ensemble. TCRE has a complex relationship with emission rates; TCRE is largest for both low (2 GtC/yr) and high (25 GtC/yr) emissions and smallest for present-day emissions (5-10 GtC/yr). Unforced climate variability hinders precise estimates of TCRE for periods shorter than 50 years for emission rates near or smaller than present day values. Even if carbon emissions would stop, the prior emissions pathways will affect the future climate responses. Key Points Structural model uncertainty larger than emissions pathway uncertainty for TCRE TCRE signal difficult to detect under low emissions or on short time scales Climate response to zero emissions depends on prior emission rates C1 [Krasting, J. P.; Dunne, J. P.; Stouffer, R. J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Shevliakova, E.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Krasting, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM John.Krasting@noaa.gov RI Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Shevliakova, Elena/J-5770-2014 OI Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 7 BP 2520 EP 2527 DI 10.1002/2013GL059141 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AF8RJ UT WOS:000334983000039 ER PT J AU Koo, JH Wang, YH Jiang, TY Deng, Y Oltmans, SJ Solberg, S AF Koo, Ja-Ho Wang, Yuhang Jiang, Tianyu Deng, Yi Oltmans, Samuel J. Solberg, Sverre TI Influence of climate variability on near-surface ozone depletion events in the Arctic spring SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Arctic near-surface ozone depletion; climate variability; western Pacific pattern ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; TELECONNECTION PATTERN; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; HEMISPHERE WINTER; BRO OBSERVATIONS; HIGH-LATITUDES; POLAR SUNRISE; UNITED-STATES AB Near-surface ozone depletion events (ODEs) generally occur in the Arctic spring, and the frequency shows large interannual variations. We use surface ozone measurements at Barrow, Alert, and Zeppelinfjellet to analyze if their variations are due to climate variability. In years with frequent ODEs at Barrow and Alert, the western Pacific (WP) teleconnection pattern is usually in its negative phase, during which the Pacific jet is strengthened but the storm track originated over the western Pacific is weakened. Both factors tend to reduce the transport of ozone-rich air mass from midlatitudes to the Arctic, creating a favorable environment for the ODEs. The correlation of ODE frequencies at Zeppelinfjellet with WP indices is higher in the 2000s, reflecting stronger influence of the WP pattern in recent decade to cover ODEs in broader Arctic regions. We find that the WP pattern can be used to diagnose ODE changes and subsequent environmental impacts in the Arctic spring. Key Points Observed ODE frequencies in the Arctic spring have large interannual variability The WP pattern is the most significant climate factor for ODE variations The influence of the WP pattern on ODEs becomes stronger in the recent decade C1 [Koo, Ja-Ho; Wang, Yuhang; Jiang, Tianyu; Deng, Yi] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Oltmans, Samuel J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Solberg, Sverre] Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Kjeller, Norway. RP Wang, YH (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM yuhang.wang@eas.gatech.edu RI Wang, Yuhang/B-5578-2014 FU NASA FX This work was supported by the NASA International Polar Year and Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Programs. The ozone data at Alert were provided by Mike Shaw and Dave Ord of Environment Canada, and the ozone data at ZPL were provided by Ann Mari Fjaeraa of NILU. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 7 BP 2582 EP 2589 DI 10.1002/2014GL059275 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AF8RJ UT WOS:000334983000047 ER PT J AU Takagi, H Houweling, S Andres, RJ Belikov, D Bril, A Boesch, H Butz, A Guerlet, S Hasekamp, O Maksyutov, S Morino, I Oda, T O'Dell, CW Oshchepkov, S Parker, R Saito, M Uchino, O Yokota, T Yoshida, Y Valsala, V AF Takagi, Hiroshi Houweling, Sander Andres, Robert J. Belikov, Dmitry Bril, Andrey Boesch, Hartmut Butz, Andre Guerlet, Sandrine Hasekamp, Otto Maksyutov, Shamil Morino, Isamu Oda, Tomohiro O'Dell, Christopher W. Oshchepkov, Sergey Parker, Robert Saito, Makoto Uchino, Osamu Yokota, Tatsuya Yoshida, Yukio Valsala, Vinu TI Influence of differences in current GOSAT XCO2 retrievals on surface flux estimation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE CO2 sources and sinks; surface fluxes; inverse modeling; GOSAT; column CO2 concentration ID GREENHOUSE GASES; REGIONAL CO2; SPECTROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TCCON SITES; ALGORITHM; SATELLITE; SPACE; INVERSIONS; VALIDATION AB We investigated differences in the five currently-available datasets of column-integrated CO2 concentrations (XCO2) retrieved from spectral soundings collected by Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) and assessed their impact on regional CO2 flux estimates. We did so by estimating the fluxes from each of the five XCO2 datasets combined with surface-based CO2 data, using a single inversion system. The five XCO2 datasets are available in raw and bias-corrected versions, and we found that the bias corrections diminish the range of the five coincident values by similar to 30% on average. The departures of the five individual inversion results (annual-mean regional fluxes based on XCO2-surface combined data) from the surface-data-only results were close to one another in some terrestrial regions where spatial coverage by each XCO2 dataset was similar. The mean of the five annual global land uptakes was 1.70.3 GtC yr(-1), and they were all smaller than the value estimated from the surface-based data alone. Key Points Differences in five recent satellite-based CO2 datasets were investigated Influence of CO2 data differences on surface CO2 flux estimation was assessed Impact on flux estimates varies with number density of available data C1 [Takagi, Hiroshi; Belikov, Dmitry; Bril, Andrey; Maksyutov, Shamil; Morino, Isamu; Oshchepkov, Sergey; Saito, Makoto; Uchino, Osamu; Yokota, Tatsuya; Yoshida, Yukio] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Houweling, Sander; Guerlet, Sandrine; Hasekamp, Otto] Netherland Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Houweling, Sander] Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Andres, Robert J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Belikov, Dmitry] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tokyo, Japan. [Boesch, Hartmut; Parker, Robert] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, EOS Grp, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Butz, Andre] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Leopoldshafen, Germany. [Oda, Tomohiro; O'Dell, Christopher W.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Oda, Tomohiro] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Valsala, Vinu] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune, Maharashtra, India. RP Takagi, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. EM takagi.hiroshi@nies.go.jp RI Butz, Andre/A-7024-2013; Morino, Isamu/K-1033-2014; Maksyutov, Shamil/G-6494-2011; Boesch, Hartmut/G-6021-2012; Belikov, Dmitry/I-9877-2016; OI Butz, Andre/0000-0003-0593-1608; Morino, Isamu/0000-0003-2720-1569; Maksyutov, Shamil/0000-0002-1200-9577; ANDRES, ROBERT/0000-0001-8781-4979 FU Japan Meteorological Agency [JRA-25]; Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry [JRA-25]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research programs; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Emmy-Noether programme of Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [BU2599/1-1] FX The GOSAT Project is a joint undertaking of three organizations: the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), and the Japanese Ministry of the Environment. The authors would like to thank the members of the GOSAT Project for their contribution to this work. The computational resources were provided by NIES. The meteorological data used in the forward transport modeling were provided from the cooperative research project of the JRA-25 long-term reanalysis by Japan Meteorological Agency and Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry. We thank P. Wennberg, R. Kivi, N. Deutscher, T. Warneke, R. Sussmann, D. Griffith, and J. Robinson for making their TCCON measurements available for this study. R. J. A. was sponsored by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research programs and performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory under U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. A. B. was supported through the Emmy-Noether programme of Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, grant BU2599/1-1 (RemoTeC). The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful and constructive comments that contributed to improving the manuscript. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 7 BP 2598 EP 2605 DI 10.1002/2013GL059174 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AF8RJ UT WOS:000334983000049 ER PT J AU Rigby, M Prinn, RG O'Doherty, S Miller, BR Ivy, D Muhle, J Harth, CM Salameh, PK Arnold, T Weiss, RF Krummel, PB Steele, LP Fraser, PJ Young, D Simmonds, PG AF Rigby, M. Prinn, R. G. O'Doherty, S. Miller, B. R. Ivy, D. Muehle, J. Harth, C. M. Salameh, P. K. Arnold, T. Weiss, R. F. Krummel, P. B. Steele, L. P. Fraser, P. J. Young, D. Simmonds, P. G. TI Recent and future trends in synthetic greenhouse gas radiative forcing SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE inverse modeling; radiative forcing; synthetic greenhouse gas ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; MONTREAL PROTOCOL; ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENTS; EMISSIONS; HYDROFLUOROCARBONS; PERFLUOROCARBONS; LIFETIMES; HISTORY; HCFC-22; STATION AB Atmospheric measurements show that emissions of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons are now the primary drivers of the positive growth in synthetic greenhouse gas (SGHG) radiative forcing. We infer recent SGHG emissions and examine the impact of future emissions scenarios, with a particular focus on proposals to reduce HFC use under the Montreal Protocol. If these proposals are implemented, overall SGHG radiative forcing could peak at around 355mWm(-2) in 2020, before declining by approximately 26% by 2050, despite continued growth of fully fluorinated greenhouse gas emissions. Compared to no HFC policy projections, this amounts to a reduction in radiative forcing of between 50 and 240mWm(-2) by 2050 or a cumulative emissions saving equivalent to 0.5 to 2.8years of CO2 emissions at current levels. However, more complete reporting of global HFC emissions is required, as less than half of global emissions are currently accounted for. Key Points Measurements of all the major synthetic greenhouse gases have been compiled These measurements have been used to infer recent global emissions trends Based on these trends, future emissions scenarios have been investigated C1 [Rigby, M.; O'Doherty, S.; Young, D.; Simmonds, P. G.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol, Avon, England. [Rigby, M.; Prinn, R. G.] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Miller, B. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Ivy, D.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. [Muehle, J.; Harth, C. M.; Salameh, P. K.; Arnold, T.; Weiss, R. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Krummel, P. B.; Steele, L. P.; Fraser, P. J.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. RP Rigby, M (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol, Avon, England. EM matt.rigby@bristol.ac.uk RI Rigby, Matthew/A-5555-2012; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; OI Rigby, Matthew/0000-0002-2020-9253; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Miller, Benjamin/0000-0003-1647-0122 FU UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/I021365/1]; NASA Upper Atmospheric Research Program in the U.S. [NNX11AF17G, NNX11AF15G, NNX11AF16G]; NOAA; UK Department of Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA); Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC) in the UK; CSIRO; Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology in Australia FX We are particularly indebted to the insights and input from Archie McCulloch, who provided guidance on the generation of emissions scenarios. We are very thankful to the staff at the AGAGE and NOAA sites for their continuing dedication to the production of high-quality measurements of atmospheric trace gases. Matthew Rigby is supported by an advanced research fellowship from the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) NE/I021365/1. The AGAGE research program is supported by the NASA Upper Atmospheric Research Program in the U.S. with grants NNX11AF17G to MIT and NNX11AF15G and NNX11AF16G to SIO, by NOAA, the UK Department of Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) and Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC) in the UK, and by CSIRO and the Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology in Australia. NR 49 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 7 BP 2623 EP 2630 DI 10.1002/2013GL059099 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AF8RJ UT WOS:000334983000052 ER PT J AU Long, MS Keene, WC Kieber, DJ Frossard, AA Russell, LM Maben, JR Kinsey, JD Quinn, PK Bates, TS AF Long, M. S. Keene, W. C. Kieber, D. J. Frossard, A. A. Russell, L. M. Maben, J. R. Kinsey, J. D. Quinn, P. K. Bates, T. S. TI Light-enhanced primary marine aerosol production from biologically productive seawater SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE marine aerosol; aerosol production; biogeochemistry ID ORGANIC-MATTER ENRICHMENT; SEA SPRAY AEROSOL; SIDE-SCAN SONAR; BREAKING WAVES; BUBBLES; SURFACE; SIZE; CARBON; WHITECAPS; INTERFACE AB Physical and biogeochemical processes in seawater controlling primary marine aerosol (PMA) production and composition are poorly understood and associated with large uncertainties in estimated fluxes into the atmosphere. PMA production was investigated in the biologically productive NE Pacific Ocean and in biologically productive and oligotrophic regions of the NW Atlantic Ocean. Physicochemical properties of model PMA, produced by aeration of fresh seawater under controlled conditions, were quantified. Diel variability in model PMA mass and number fluxes was observed in biologically productive waters, increasing following sunrise and decreasing to predawn levels overnight. Such variability was not seen in oligotrophic waters. During daytime, surfactant scavenging by aeration in the aerosol generator without replenishing the seawater in the reservoir reduced the model PMA production in productive waters to nighttime levels but had no influence on production from oligotrophic waters. Results suggest bubble plume interactions with sunlight-mediated biogenic surfactants in productive seawater significantly enhanced model PMA production. Key Points Surface ocean biogeochemistry mediates physics of marine aerosol production Diel cycles in biologically productive surface seawater mediate production Observations show chemical processes affecting mass and number production fluxes C1 [Long, M. S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Long, M. S.; Keene, W. C.; Maben, J. R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Kieber, D. J.; Kinsey, J. D.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Frossard, A. A.; Russell, L. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Quinn, P. K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bates, T. S.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Long, MS (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mlong@seas.harvard.edu RI Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [OCE0948420, OCE-1129836]; SUNY ESF [OCE-0948216, OCE-1129896]; Scripps Institute of Oceanography [OCE-1129580]; Harvard University [AGS-1252755]; NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program FX We thank G. Henderson, I. Tyssebotn, D. Coffman, K. Schulz, D. Hamilton, J. Johnson, and M. Haserodt for their assistance in sample collection and analysis; V. Trainer for the loan and calibration of the fluorometer; and the captains and crews of the NOAA R/V Ronald H. Brown and the UNOLS R/V Atlantis for logistical support in the field. We also thank S. Loucaides, J. Willey, R. Kieber, and W. Miller for helpful discussions regarding marine chemistry. Primary financial support for this work was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation through awards to the University of Virginia (OCE0948420 and OCE-1129836), SUNY ESF (OCE-0948216 and OCE-1129896), Scripps Institute of Oceanography (OCE-1129580), and Harvard University (AGS-1252755). Additional support was provided by the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program. NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 51 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 7 BP 2661 EP 2670 DI 10.1002/2014GL059436 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AF8RJ UT WOS:000334983000057 ER PT J AU Davanco, M Hellberg, CS Ates, S Badolato, A Srinivasan, K AF Davanco, Marcelo Hellberg, C. Stephen Ates, Serkan Badolato, Antonio Srinivasan, Kartik TI Multiple time scale blinking in InAs quantum dot single-photon sources SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INDIVIDUAL 2-LEVEL SYSTEMS; FLUORESCENCE INTERMITTENCY; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; NANOCRYSTALS; RELAXATION; MOLECULES AB We use photon correlation measurements to study blinking in single, epitaxially grown self-assembled InAs quantum dots situated in circular Bragg grating and microdisk cavities. The normalized second-order correlation function g((2))(tau) is studied across 11 orders of magnitude in time, and shows signatures of blinking over time scales ranging from tens of nanoseconds to tens of milliseconds. The g((2))(t) data is fit to a multilevel system rate equation model that includes multiple nonradiating (dark) states, from which radiative quantum yields significantly less than 1 are obtained. This behavior is observed even in situations for which a direct histogramming analysis of the emission time-trace data produces inconclusive results. C1 [Davanco, Marcelo; Ates, Serkan; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davanco, Marcelo; Ates, Serkan] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hellberg, C. Stephen] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Badolato, Antonio] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Davanco, M (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marcelo.davanco@nist.gov; steve.hellberg@nrl.navy.mil; kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov RI Ates, Serkan/M-6083-2014; Badolato, Antonio/E-9778-2015 FU Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program; University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; NIST-CNST [70NANB10H193] FX C.S.H. acknowledges the CNST Visiting Fellow program and support from the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program. M.D. and S.A. acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and NIST-CNST, Award No. 70NANB10H193. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 16 AR 161303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.161303 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AH0GJ UT WOS:000335796900001 ER PT J AU Strayer, ME Binz, JM Tanase, M Shahri, SMK Sharma, R Rioux, RM Mallouk, TE AF Strayer, Megan E. Binz, Jason M. Tanase, Mihaela Shahri, Seyed Mehdi Kamali Sharma, Renu Rioux, Robert M. Mallouk, Thomas E. TI Interfacial Bonding Stabilizes Rhodium and Rhodium Oxide Nanoparticles on Layered Nb Oxide and Ta Oxide Supports SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCATALYTIC HYDROGEN EVOLUTION; CO OXIDATION; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; HYDROXIDE NANOPARTICLES; SELECTIVE OXIDATION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; TANTALUM OXIDE; CATALYSTS; NIOBATE; MECHANISM AB Metal nanoparticles are commonly supported on metal oxides, but their utility as catalysts is limited by coarsening at high temperatures. Rhodium oxide and rhodium metal nanoparticles on niobate and tantalate supports are anomalously stable. To understand this, the nanoparticle-support interaction was studied by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM), and synchrotron X-ray absorption and scattering techniques. Nanosheets derived from the layered oxides KCa2Nb3O10, K4Nb6O17, and RbTaO3 were compared as supports to nanosheets of Na-TSM, a synthetic fluoromica (Na0.66Mg2.68(Si3.98Al0.02)O10.02F1.96), and alpha-Zr(HPO4)(2)center dot H2O. High surface area SiO2 and gamma-Al2O3 supports were also used for comparison in the ITC experiments. A Born-Haber cycle analysis of ITC data revealed an exothermic interaction between Rh(OH)3 nanoparticles and the layered niobate and tantalate supports, with Delta H values in the range -32 kJ center dot mol(-1) Rh to -37 kJ center dot mol(-1) Rh. In contrast, the interaction enthalpy was positive with SiO2 and gamma-Al2O3 supports. The strong interfacial bonding in the former case led to "reverse" ripening of micrometer-size Rh(OH)(3), which dispersed as 0.5 to 2 nm particles on the niobate and tantalate supports. In contrast, particles grown on Na-TSM and alpha-Zr(HPO4)(2)center dot H2O nanosheets were larger and had a broad size distribution. ETEM, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and pair distribution function analyses were used to study the growth of supported nanoparticles under oxidizing and reducing conditions, as well as the transformation from Rh(OH)(3) to Rh nanoparticles. Interfacial covalent bonding, possibly strengthened by d-electron acid/base interactions, appear to stabilize Rh(OH)(3), Rh2O3, and Rh nanoparticles on niobate and tantalate supports. C1 [Strayer, Megan E.; Mallouk, Thomas E.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Binz, Jason M.; Shahri, Seyed Mehdi Kamali; Rioux, Robert M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Tanase, Mihaela; Sharma, Renu] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tanase, Mihaela] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Rioux, RM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM rioux@engr.psu.edu; tem5@psu.edu RI BM, MRCAT/G-7576-2011; Mallouk, Thomas/K-7391-2012 OI Mallouk, Thomas/0000-0003-4599-4208 FU Department of Energy; MRCAT member institutions; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [DMR-1306938, DGE-1255832]; Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, Catalysis Sciences Program [DE-FG02-12ER16364]; National Institute for Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program through the University Of Maryland [70NANB10H026] FX X-ray absorption measurements were conducted at the research beam line 10-BM-B at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. M.E.S., J.M.B, R.M.R., and T.E.M thank MRCAT operations, which are supported by the Department of Energy and the MRCAT member institutions. High energy scattering was conducted at beam line 11-ID-B at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank Venkataramanan Ravi and Nella Marie Vargas-Barbosa for helpful discussions, Nicholas McCool for help with TEM imaging, Lymaris Ortiz Rivera and John Shrefler for help with zeta potential measurements, and Jeff Miller of Argonne National Lab for his support with EXAFS analysis. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grants DMR-1306938 and DGE-1255832. J.M.B. and R.M.R. acknowledge funding from the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, Catalysis Sciences Program, under grant number DE-FG02-12ER16364. M.T. acknowledges support under the National Institute for Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program Award 70NANB10H026 through the University Of Maryland. NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 134 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 136 IS 15 BP 5687 EP 5696 DI 10.1021/ja412933k PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AF4BY UT WOS:000334657600034 PM 24654835 ER PT J AU Mozetic, M Ostrikov, K Ruzic, DN Curreli, D Cvelbar, U Vesel, A Primc, G Leisch, M Jousten, K Malyshev, OB Hendricks, JH Kover, L Tagliaferro, A Conde, O Silvestre, AJ Giapintzakis, J Buljan, M Radic, N Drazic, G Bernstorff, S Biederman, H Kylian, O Hanus, J Milosevic, S Galtayries, A Dietrich, P Unger, W Lehocky, M Sedlarik, V Stana-Kleinschek, K Drmota-Petric, A Pireaux, JJ Rogers, JW Anderle, M AF Mozetic, M. Ostrikov, K. Ruzic, D. N. Curreli, D. Cvelbar, U. Vesel, A. Primc, G. Leisch, M. Jousten, K. Malyshev, O. B. Hendricks, J. H. Kover, L. Tagliaferro, A. Conde, O. Silvestre, A. J. Giapintzakis, J. Buljan, M. Radic, N. Drazic, G. Bernstorff, S. Biederman, H. Kylian, O. Hanus, J. Milosevic, S. Galtayries, A. Dietrich, P. Unger, W. Lehocky, M. Sedlarik, V. Stana-Kleinschek, K. Drmota-Petric, A. Pireaux, J. J. Rogers, J. W. Anderle, M. TI Recent advances in vacuum sciences and applications SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE vacuum; surface; plasma; interface; nanoscience ID ARGON PLASMA COAGULATION; NONEVAPORABLE GETTER FILMS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ION-INDUCED DESORPTION; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE PLASMA; AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL; AGGREGATION CLUSTER SOURCE; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; QUANTUM-DOT LATTICES; SI NANOWIRE GROWTH AB Recent advances in vacuum sciences and applications are reviewed. Novel optical interferometer cavity devices enable pressure measurements with ppm accuracy. The innovative dynamic vacuum standard allows for pressure measurements with temporal resolution of 2 ms. Vacuum issues in the construction of huge ultra-high vacuum devices worldwide are reviewed. Recent advances in surface science and thin films include new phenomena observed in electron transport near solid surfaces as well as novel results on the properties of carbon nanomaterials. Precise techniques for surface and thin-film characterization have been applied in the conservation technology of cultural heritage objects and recent advances in the characterization of biointerfaces are presented. The combination of various vacuum and atmospheric-pressure techniques enables an insight into the complex phenomena of protein and other biomolecule conformations on solid surfaces. Studying these phenomena at solid-liquid interfaces is regarded as the main issue in the development of alternative techniques for drug delivery, tissue engineering and thus the development of innovative techniques for curing cancer and cardiovascular diseases. A review on recent advances in plasma medicine is presented as well as novel hypotheses on cell apoptosis upon treatment with gaseous plasma. Finally, recent advances in plasma nanoscience are illustrated with several examples and a roadmap for future activities is presented. C1 [Mozetic, M.; Ostrikov, K.; Ruzic, D. N.; Curreli, D.; Cvelbar, U.; Vesel, A.; Primc, G.; Leisch, M.; Jousten, K.; Malyshev, O. B.; Hendricks, J. H.; Kover, L.; Tagliaferro, A.; Conde, O.; Silvestre, A. J.; Giapintzakis, J.; Buljan, M.; Radic, N.; Drazic, G.; Bernstorff, S.; Biederman, H.; Kylian, O.; Hanus, J.; Milosevic, S.; Galtayries, A.; Dietrich, P.; Unger, W.; Lehocky, M.; Sedlarik, V.; Stana-Kleinschek, K.; Drmota-Petric, A.; Pireaux, J. J.; Rogers, J. W.; Anderle, M.] Int Union Vacuum Sci Tech & Applicat, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Mozetic, M.; Cvelbar, U.; Vesel, A.; Primc, G.; Drazic, G.] Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Ostrikov, K.] CSIRO Mat Sci & Engn, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia. [Ruzic, D. N.; Curreli, D.] Univ Illinois, Nucl Radiat Lab 106B, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Leisch, M.] Graz Univ Technol, Inst Festkorperphys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Jousten, K.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Sect Vacuum Metrol, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. [Malyshev, O. B.] STFC Daresbury Lab, ASTeC Accelerator Sci & Technol Ctr, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. [Hendricks, J. H.] NIST, Thermodynam Metrol Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kover, L.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary. [Tagliaferro, A.] Politecn Torino, Dept Appl Sci & Technol, I-10129 Turin, Italy. [Conde, O.] Univ Lisbon, Fac Sci, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Silvestre, A. J.] Inst Super Engn Lisboa, P-1959007 Lisbon, Portugal. [Giapintzakis, J.] Univ Cyprus, Nanotechnol Res Ctr, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus. [Buljan, M.; Radic, N.] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. [Bernstorff, S.] Elettra Sincrotrone, Basovizza, Italy. [Biederman, H.; Kylian, O.; Hanus, J.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, CR-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic. [Milosevic, S.] Inst Phys, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. [Galtayries, A.] Chim ParisTech ENSCP, UMR CNRS 7045, Lab Physicochim Surfaces, F-75005 Paris, France. [Dietrich, P.; Unger, W.] BAM Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, D-12203 Berlin, Germany. [Lehocky, M.; Sedlarik, V.] Tomas Bata Univ Zlin, Ctr Polymer Syst, Zlin 76001, Czech Republic. [Stana-Kleinschek, K.] Univ Maribor, Fac Mech Engn, Inst Engn Mat & Design, SLO-2000 Maribor, Slovenia. [Drmota-Petric, A.] Kolektor Grp, R&D Dept, Idrija 5280, Slovenia. [Pireaux, J. J.] Univ Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium. [Rogers, J. W.] Idaho Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Energy Studies, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Anderle, M.] Autonomous Prov Trento, Knowledge Dept, I-38122 Trento, Italy. RP Mozetic, M (reprint author), Int Union Vacuum Sci Tech & Applicat, Ave Renaissance 30, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. EM miran.mozetic@ijs.si RI Unger, Wolfgang/A-9317-2009; Milosevic, Slobodan/A-3408-2010; Physics Department, ISEL/F-6664-2010; Lehocky, Marian/H-1981-2012; Conde, Olinda/A-2321-2011; Vesel, Alenka/I-3934-2014; Mozetic, Miran/K-8784-2014; Sedlarik, Vladimir/H-6362-2012; Kylian, Ondrej/C-6942-2008; Dietrich, Paul/A-1230-2010; Silvestre, Antonio/A-2652-2009 OI Lehocky, Marian/0000-0002-5368-5029; Unger, Wolfgang/0000-0002-7670-4042; Ostrikov, Kostya (Ken)/0000-0001-8672-9297; Conde, Olinda/0000-0003-0413-1967; Vesel, Alenka/0000-0003-3782-6001; Sedlarik, Vladimir/0000-0002-7843-0719; Kylian, Ondrej/0000-0001-6115-3471; Dietrich, Paul/0000-0002-2720-9918; Silvestre, Antonio/0000-0001-6517-6275 FU Slovenian Research Agency [P2-0082]; Australian Research Council and CSIRO OCE Science Leadership Programme (Australia); Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of Croatia [035-0352851-2856, 098-0982886-2895, 0980982886-2859]; Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [GACR 13-09853S]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of Czech Republic [CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0111]; Department of the Autonomous Province of Trento, New Szechenyi Plan [TAMOP-4.2.2.A-11/1/KONV-2012-0019]; European Union; European Social Fund; German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi); EMRP participating countries within EURAMET FX This work was partially supported by Slovenian Research Agency (grant #P2-0082), the Australian Research Council and CSIRO OCE Science Leadership Programme (Australia), Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of Croatia (grant #035-0352851-2856, #098-0982886-2895 and #0980982886-2859), Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (grant #GACR 13-09853S), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of Czech Republic (grant #CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0111), Department of the Autonomous Province of Trento, New Szechenyi Plan (grant #TAMOP-4.2.2.A-11/1/KONV-2012-0019 - the realization of this project is supported by the European Union, co-financed by the European Social Fund). Financial support from the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) through the programme Transfer von Forschungs- und Entwicklungsergebnissen (FuE) durch Normung und Standardisierung (TNS), and the European Union through the European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP) is highly appreciated. The EMRP is jointly funded by the EMRP participating countries within EURAMET and the European Union. NR 216 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 100 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 47 IS 15 AR 153001 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/47/15/153001 PG 23 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AE1QN UT WOS:000333744400003 ER PT J AU Adimey, NM Hudak, CA Powell, JR Bassos-Hull, K Foley, A Farmer, NA White, L Minch, K AF Adimey, Nicole M. Hudak, Christine A. Powell, Jessica R. Bassos-Hull, Kim Foley, Allen Farmer, Nicholas A. White, Linda Minch, Karrie TI Fishery gear interactions from stranded bottlenose dolphins, Florida manatees and sea turtles in Florida, USA SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Fishery gear; Entanglement; Dolphins; Manatees; Sea turtles; Ingestion ID BLUE-CRAB FISHERY; RECREATIONAL FISHING GEAR; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; SARASOTA BAY; MARINE MAMMALS; LATERAL-LINE; FUR SEALS; BY-CATCH; ENTANGLEMENT; MORTALITY AB Documenting the extent of fishery gear interactions is critical to wildlife conservation efforts, especially for reducing entanglements and ingestion. This study summarizes fishery gear interactions involving common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus truncatus), Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) and sea turtles: loggerhead (Caretta caretta), green turtle (Chelonia mydas), leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea), hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata), Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii), and olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) stranding in Florida waters during 1997-2009. Fishery gear interactions for all species combined were 75.3% hook and line, 18.2% trap pot gear, 4.8% fishing nets, and 1.7% in multiple gears. Total reported fishery gear cases increased over time for dolphins (p < 0.05), manatees (p < 0.01), loggerheads (p < 0.05) and green sea turtles (p < 0.05). The proportion of net interaction strandings relative to total strandings for loggerhead sea turtles increased (p < 0.05). Additionally, life stage and sex patterns were examined, fishery gear interaction hotspots were identified and generalized linear regression modeling was conducted. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Adimey, Nicole M.; White, Linda] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jacksonville, FL 32256 USA. [Hudak, Christine A.] Ctr Coastal Studies, Right Whale Res Program, Provincetown, MA 02657 USA. [Powell, Jessica R.; Farmer, Nicholas A.] NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Foley, Allen] Jacksonville Field Lab, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Jacksonville, FL 32218 USA. [Minch, Karrie] Sea Turtle Stranding & Salvage Network Indian Riv, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RP Adimey, NM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 7915 Baymeadows Way,Suite 200, Jacksonville, FL 32256 USA. EM nicole_adimey@fws.gov; chudak@coastalstudies.org; Jessica.Powell@noaa.gov; kbhull@mote.org; Allen.Foley@myfwc.com; nick.farmer@noaa.gov; Karrie.Minch@myfwc.com NR 114 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 11 U2 86 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR 15 PY 2014 VL 81 IS 1 BP 103 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.02.008 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AG7VI UT WOS:000335626500025 PM 24613263 ER PT J AU Petersen, EJ Henry, TB Zhao, J MacCuspie, RI Kirschling, TL Dobrovolskaia, MA Hackley, V Xing, BS White, JC AF Petersen, Elijah J. Henry, Theodore B. Zhao, Jian MacCuspie, Robert I. Kirschling, Teresa L. Dobrovolskaia, Marina A. Hackley, Vincent Xing, Baoshan White, Jason C. TI Identification and Avoidance of Potential Artifacts and Misinterpretations in Nanomaterial Ecotoxicity Measurements SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES; AQUEOUS C-60 CLUSTERS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; CELL-CULTURE MEDIA; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; IN-VITRO; RAINBOW-TROUT AB Novel physicochemistries of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) offer considerable commercial potential for new products and processes, but also the possibility of unforeseen and negative consequences upon ENM release into the environment. Investigations of ENM ecotoxicity have revealed that the unique properties of ENMs and a lack of appropriate test methods can lead to results that are inaccurate or not reproducible. The occurrence of spurious results or misinterpretations of results from ENM toxicity tests that are unique to investigations of ENMs (as opposed to traditional toxicants) have been reported, but have not yet been systemically reviewed. Our objective in this manuscript is to highlight artifacts and misinterpretations that can occur at each step of ecotoxicity testing: procurement or synthesis of the ENMs and assessment of potential toxic impurities such as metals or endotoxins, ENM storage, dispersion of the ENMs in the test medium, direct interference with assay reagents and unacknowledged indirect effects such as nutrient depletion during the assay, and assessment of the ENM biodistribution in organisms. We recommend thorough characterization of initial ENMs including measurement of impurities, implementation of steps to minimize changes to the ENMs during storage, inclusion of a set of experimental controls (e.g., to assess impacts of nutrient depletion, ENM specific effects, impurities in ENM formulation, desorbed surface coatings, the dispersion process, and direct interference of ENM with toxicity assays), and use of orthogonal measurement methods when available to assess ENMs fate and distribution in organisms. C1 [Petersen, Elijah J.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Henry, Theodore B.] Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Life Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Henry, Theodore B.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Henry, Theodore B.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN USA. [Zhao, Jian; Xing, Baoshan] Univ Massachusetts, Stockbridge Sch Agr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [MacCuspie, Robert I.; Hackley, Vincent] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [MacCuspie, Robert I.] Florida Polytech Univ, Nanotechnol Program, Lakeland, FL 33801 USA. [Kirschling, Teresa L.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dobrovolskaia, Marina A.] Leidos Biomed Res Inc, Frederick Natl Lab Canc Res, Nanotechnol Characterizat Lab, Canc Res Technol Program, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [White, Jason C.] Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, Dept Analyt Chem, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. RP Petersen, EJ (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM elijah.petersen@nist.gov RI Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013; Zhao, Jian/D-2798-2012; Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, NCL/K-8454-2012; OI Henry, Theodore/0000-0002-9675-9454; MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499; Kirschling, Teresa/0000-0003-1695-0521 FU National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health [HHSN261200800001E]; EU [604602] FX Certain commercial equipment or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. The study was supported in part by federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under contract HHSN261200800001E. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. T.B. Henry acknowledges EU FP7-NMP-2013-LARGE-7 Project Number 604602. J.C. White also acknowledges USDA AFRI 2011-67006-30181. NR 233 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 13 U2 167 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 8 BP 4226 EP 4246 DI 10.1021/es4052999 PG 21 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AF4CG UT WOS:000334658400002 PM 24617739 ER PT J AU Prasad, K AF Prasad, Kuldeep TI High-pressure release and dispersion of hydrogen in a partially enclosed compartment: Effect of natural and forced ventilation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE High-pressure release; Dispersion; Hydrogen ID BUOYANCY; LEAKAGE; COMBUSTION; PLUMES; WIND AB The study of compressed hydrogen releases from high-pressure storage systems has practical application for hydrogen and fuel cell technologies. Such releases may occur either due to accidental damage to a storage tank, connecting piping, or due to failure of a pressure release device (PRD). Understanding hydrogen behavior during and after the unintended release from a high-pressure storage device is important for development of appropriate hydrogen safety codes and standards and for the evaluation of risk mitigation requirements and technologies. In this paper, the natural and forced mixing and dispersion of hydrogen released from a high-pressure tank into a partially enclosed compartment is investigated using analytical models. Simple models are developed to estimate the volumetric flow rate through a choked nozzle of a high-pressure tank. The hydrogen released in the compartment is vented through buoyancy induced flow or through forced ventilation. The model is useful in understanding the important physical processes involved during the release and dispersion of hydrogen from a high-pressure tank into a compartment with vents at multiple levels. Parametric studies are presented to identify the relative importance of various parameters such as diameter of the release port and air changes per hour (ACH) characteristic of the enclosure. Compartment overpressure as a function of the size of the release port is predicted. Conditions that can lead to major damage of the compartment due to overpressure are identified. Results of the analytical model indicate that the fastest way to reduce flammable levels of hydrogen concentration in a compartment is by blowing through the vents. Model predictions for forced ventilation are presented which show that it is feasible to effectively and rapidly reduce the flammable concentration of hydrogen in the compartment following the release of hydrogen from a high-pressure tank. Copyright (C) 2014, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Prasad, K (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8663, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kildeep.prasad@nist.gov NR 48 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 EI 1879-3487 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD APR 15 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 12 BP 6518 EP 6532 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.01.189 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA AF7MK UT WOS:000334899000024 ER PT J AU Zhang, M Khripin, CY Fagan, JA McPhie, P Ito, Y Zheng, M AF Zhang, Min Khripin, Constantine Y. Fagan, Jeffrey A. McPhie, Peter Ito, Yoichiro Zheng, Ming TI Single-Step Total Fractionation of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Countercurrent Chromatography SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PARTITION CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHIRALITY SEPARATION; GEL CHROMATOGRAPHY; RECOGNITION; EVOLUTION AB Development of simple processes to fractionate synthetic mixtures of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) into individual species is crucial to many applications. Existing methods for single-chirality SWCNT purification are cumbersome, often requiring multiple steps and different conditions for different species. Here, we report a method to achieve total fractionation of a synthetic SWCNT mixture by countercurrent chromatography, resulting in purification of many single-chirality SWCNT species in a single run. This method is based on a tunable partition of sodium deoxycholate dispersed SWCNTs in a polyethylene glycol/dextran aqueous two-phase system. By running the mobile phase with 0.02% of sodium deoxycholate and a gradient of sodium dodecyl sulfate from 0.1% to 0.7% (w/w), we observe clear diameter-dependent elution, with similar to 90% total recovery. Among all the fractions collected, a number of them are enriched in single-chirality (9,4), (7,5), (7,6), (8,3), (6,5) species, while most of the remaining ones contain no more than 2-3 major species. We also observe strong (n,m)-dependent elution peak width due to the enantiomer-resolved partition. These results demonstrate countercurrent chromatography (CCC) as an effective way to obtain high purity (n, m) species, and suggest the potential of CCC as an analytical tool for chirality distribution mapping of synthetic SWCNT mixtures. C1 [Zhang, Min] E China Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Pharm, Shanghai Key Lab New Drug Design, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Min; Ito, Yoichiro] NHLBI, Lab Bioseparat Technol, Biochem & Biophys Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Khripin, Constantine Y.; Fagan, Jeffrey A.; Zheng, Ming] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McPhie, Peter] NIDDK, Lab Biochem & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ito, Y (reprint author), NHLBI, Lab Bioseparat Technol, Biochem & Biophys Ctr, NIH, 31 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM itoy@nhlbi.nih.gov; ming.zheng@nist.gov OI Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554 FU Intramural NIH HHS [ZIA HL005107-06, Z01 HL001054-05] NR 21 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 60 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 15 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 8 BP 3980 EP 3984 DI 10.1021/ac5003189 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AF4CC UT WOS:000334658000044 PM 24673411 ER PT J AU Yearley, EJ Godfrin, PD Perevozchikova, T Zhang, HL Falus, P Porcar, L Nagao, M Curtis, JE Gawande, P Taing, R Zarraga, IE Wagner, NJ Liu, Y AF Yearley, Eric J. Godfrin, Paul D. Perevozchikova, Tatiana Zhang, Hailiang Falus, Peter Porcar, Lionel Nagao, Michihiro Curtis, Joseph E. Gawande, Pradad Taing, Rosalynn Zarraga, Isidro E. Wagner, Norman J. Liu, Yun TI Observation of Small Cluster Formation in Concentrated Monoclonal Antibody Solutions and Its Implications to Solution Viscosity SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SPIN-ECHO SPECTROSCOPY; PHOSPHOGLYCERATE KINASE; COMPETING INTERACTIONS; PROTEIN SOLUTIONS; SELF-ASSOCIATION; DYNAMICS; COLLOIDS; THERAPEUTICS; FORMULATION AB Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a major class of biopharmaceuticals. It is hypothesized that some concentrated mAb solutions exhibit formation of a solution phase consisting of reversibly self-associated aggregates (or reversible clusters), which is speculated to be responsible for their distinct solution properties. Here, we report direct observation of reversible clusters in concentrated solutions of mAbs using neutron spin echo. Specifically, a stable nnAb solution is studied across a transition from dispersed monomers in dilute solution to clustered states at more concentrated conditions, where clusters of a preferred size are observed. Once mAb clusters have formed, their size, in contrast to that observed in typical globular protein solutions, is observed to remain nearly constant over a wide range of concentrations. Our results not only conclusively establish a clear relationship between the undesirable high viscosity of some mAb solutions and the formation of reversible clusters with extended open structures, but also directly observe self-assembled mAb protein clusters of preferred small finite size similar to that in micelle formation that dominate the properties of concentrated mAb solutions. C1 [Yearley, Eric J.; Godfrin, Paul D.; Perevozchikova, Tatiana; Zhang, Hailiang; Nagao, Michihiro; Curtis, Joseph E.; Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yearley, Eric J.; Godfrin, Paul D.; Perevozchikova, Tatiana; Wagner, Norman J.; Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Ctr Neutron Sci, Dept Biomol & Chem Engn, Newark, DE USA. [Zhang, Hailiang] Univ Maryland, Inst Res & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Falus, Peter; Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Nagao, Michihiro] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN USA. [Gawande, Pradad] Theranos Inc, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Taing, Rosalynn; Zarraga, Isidro E.] Genentech Inc, Late Stage Pharmaceut Dev, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. RP Zarraga, IE (reprint author), Genentech Inc, Late Stage Pharmaceut Dev, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. EM zarraga.isidro@gene.com; yunliu@udel.edu RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Wagner, Norman/B-6558-2012; Godfrin, Paul/P-8982-2015 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Wagner, Norman/0000-0001-9565-619X; Godfrin, Paul/0000-0003-0546-0690 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [CBE-1265817]; NSF and National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences via NSF award [DMR-0936384]; Genentech Inc.; NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce [70NAB10H25] FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under agreement No. DMR-0944772. This material is based upon work partially supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under CBE-1265817. I. Zarraga acknowledges helpful discussions on antibody diffusivity with Dr. Tom Patapoff at Genentech. The authors also acknowledge the use of instruments at CHESS, supported by the NSF and National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences via NSF award DMR-0936384. Dr. Richard Gillilan generously provided instrument assistance at CHESS.; Y. Liu and N. J. Wagner acknowledge funding support from Genentech Inc. and the support of cooperative agreement 70NAB10H256 from NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 41 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 6 U2 61 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD APR 15 PY 2014 VL 106 IS 8 BP 1763 EP 1770 DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.02.036 PG 8 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA AF2UF UT WOS:000334567300027 PM 24739175 ER PT J AU Bae, HD Yun, D Liu, HJ Olson, DA Yu, M AF Bae, Hyungdae Yun, David Liu, Haijun Olson, Douglas A. Yu, Miao TI Hybrid Miniature Fabry-Perot Sensor with Dual Optical Cavities for Simultaneous Pressure and Temperature Measurements SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fabry-Perot (FP); fiber optics; optical sensors; optical signal processing ID HIGH-SENSITIVITY; FIBEROPTIC PRESSURE; DIAPHRAGM; INTERFEROMETER AB We present a novel hybrid miniature dual-cavity Fabry-Perot sensor for simultaneous pressure and temperature measurements. The pressure sensing cavity is composed of an UV-molded cavity covered by a metal/polymer composite diaphragm for achieving a high pressure sensitivity while maintaining a miniature sensor size. Another intrinsic polymer/silica cavity is adopted for temperature sensing, which enables a high temperature sensitivity even with a short cavity length due to the large thermal expansion of the polymer. The sensor is fabricated by using a unique UV molding process with simple and safe procedures. The overall sensor size is around 150 mu m in diameter and 343 mu m in length. Experimental studies show that the sensor exhibits a good linearity over a pressure range of 6.89 to 27.58 kPa with a pressure sensitivity of 0.0122 mu m/kPa at 26 degrees C, and a temperature range of 26.0 degrees C to 50.0 degrees C with a temperature sensitivity of 0.0029 mu m/degrees C. An optical signal processing method is developed to retrieve the two cavity length changes, which is demonstrated to have a better resolution and a faster speed than the conventional method. The sensor is expected to benefit many fronts that require simultaneous pressure and temperature measurements with minimum intrusiveness, especially for biomedical applications. C1 [Bae, Hyungdae; Yun, David; Liu, Haijun; Yu, Miao] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, Haijun; Olson, Douglas A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bae, HD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM wwjd0691@gmail.com; davidyunjr@gmail.com; liuhj@umd.edu; douglas.olson@nist.gov; mmyu@umd.edu RI Yu, Miao/M-6252-2013; Liu, Haijun/A-5060-2016; Bae, Hyungdae/D-8957-2011 OI Yu, Miao/0000-0003-4180-5094; Bae, Hyungdae/0000-0002-0202-7835 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [CMMI 1200420]; National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB12H211]; TEDCO MII Phase I Grant FX Manuscript received November 5, 2013; revised January 8, 2014 and February 19, 2014; accepted February 19, 2014. Date of publication February 23, 2014; date of current version March 26, 2014. This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant CMMI 1200420, National Institute of Standards and Technology under Grant 70NANB12H211, and TEDCO MII Phase I Grant. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 62 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8724 EI 1558-2213 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2014 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1585 EP 1593 DI 10.1109/JLT.2014.2308060 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA AE6LH UT WOS:000334103700003 ER PT J AU Irikura, KK Todua, NG AF Irikura, Karl K. Todua, Nino G. TI Facile Smiles-type rearrangement in radical cations of N-acyl arylsulfonamides and analogs SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Joint European Stable Isotope Users Group Meeting (JESIUM) CY SEP 02-07, 2012 CL Leipzig, GERMANY ID MASS-SPECTRAL REARRANGEMENTS; SPECTROMETRY; SULFONES; ARYL; DERIVATIVES; DENSITY; METHAMPHETAMINE; PARAMETERS AB RATIONALE N-Alkylation of sulfonylbenzamides was reported recently to cause a dramatic and surprising change in electron ionization mass spectrometry (EIMS), leading to a closed-shell base peak. Only an incomplete, speculative mechanism was available at that time. The fragmentation mechanism is determined in the present work and set in the context of related compounds. METHODS Candidate reaction mechanisms were evaluated theoretically using modest density-functional calculations. The fragmentation mechanism with the lowest barriers was identified and one of its implications tested successfully by experimental O-18-isotopic substitution. RESULTS The amide oxygen atom attacks the arylsulfonyl group at the ipso position (Smiles-type rearrangement), displacing a molecule of SO2. The resulting carboximidate radical cation has a weak C-O bond that breaks easily. The incipient aryloxyl radical abstracts a proton from the amide nitrogen to form the dominant product ion, but if the molecule is N-alkylated this cannot occur. Instead, the neutral aryloxyl radical is lost and a closed-shell, N-alkyl nitrilium ion is the major product. CONCLUSIONS The Smiles-type ion fragmentation mechanism is facile for the title compounds, despite the necessity for carbonyl oxygen to serve as a nucleophile. This rearrangement probably occurs in many of the mass spectra reported for structurally similar compounds, in which the nucleophile may be a thione, arylthio, imine, methylene, or methine moiety. Published in 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Irikura, Karl K.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Todua, Nino G.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Irikura, KK (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM karl.irikura@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 38 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD APR 15 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 7 BP 829 EP 834 DI 10.1002/rcm.6850 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA AD1IV UT WOS:000332988600019 PM 24573815 ER PT J AU Greene, PK Kirby, BJ Lau, JW Borchers, JA Fitzsimmons, MR Liu, K AF Greene, P. K. Kirby, B. J. Lau, J. W. Borchers, J. A. Fitzsimmons, M. R. Liu, Kai TI Deposition order dependent magnetization reversal in pressure graded Co/Pd films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COUPLED COMPOSITE MEDIA; PATTERNED MEDIA; DOMAIN-WALLS AB Magnetization reversal mechanisms and depth-dependent magnetic profile have been investigated in Co/Pd thin films magnetron-sputtered under continuously varying pressure with opposite deposition orders. For samples grown under increasing pressure, magnetization reversal is dominated by domain nucleation, propagation, and annihilation; an anisotropy gradient is effectively established, along with a pronounced depth-dependent magnetization profile. However, in films grown under decreasing pressure, disorders propagate vertically from the bottom high-pressure region into the top low-pressure region, impeding domain wall motion and forcing magnetization reversal via rotation; depth-dependent magnetization varies in an inverted order, but the spread is much suppressed. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Greene, P. K.; Liu, Kai] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kirby, B. J.; Lau, J. W.; Borchers, J. A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fitzsimmons, M. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Liu, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kailiu@ucdavis.edu RI Liu, Kai/B-1163-2008 OI Liu, Kai/0000-0001-9413-6782 FU NSF [DMR-1008791, ECCS-0925626]; DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work has been supported by the NSF (DMR-1008791 and ECCS-0925626). Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 14 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 15 AR 152401 DI 10.1063/1.4871586 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AG0ZT UT WOS:000335145200031 ER PT J AU McComb, JC Coplan, MA Al-Sheikhly, M Thompson, AK Vest, RE Clark, CW AF McComb, Jacob C. Coplan, Michael A. Al-Sheikhly, Mohamad Thompson, Alan K. Vest, Robert E. Clark, Charles W. TI Noble gas excimer scintillation following neutron capture in boron thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS EMISSION SPECTRA; VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET REGION; RARE-GASES; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; CHARGED-PARTICLES; ALPHA-PARTICLES; HELIUM; LIGHT; DETECTORS; COUNTERS AB Far-ultraviolet scintillation signals have been measured in heavy noble gases (argon, krypton, xenon) following boron-neutron capture (B-10(n,alpha)Li-7) in B-10 thin films. The observed scintillation yields are comparable to the yields from some liquid and solid neutron scintillators. At noble gas pressures of 107 kPa, the number of photons produced per neutron absorbed following irradiation of a 1200 nm thick B-10 film was 14 000 for xenon, 11 000 for krypton, and 6000 for argon. The absolute scintillation yields from the experimental configuration were calculated using data from (1) experimental irradiations, (2) thin-film characterizations, (3) photomultiplier tube calibrations, and (4) photon collection modeling. Both the boron films and the photomultiplier tube were characterized at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Monte Carlo modeling of the reaction cell provided estimates of the photon collection efficiency and the transport behavior of B-10(n,alpha)Li-7 reaction products escaping the thin films. Scintillation yields increased with gas pressure due to increased ionization and excitation densities of the gases from the B-10(n,alpha)Li-7 reaction products, increased frequency of three-body, excimer-forming collisions, and reduced photon emission volumes (i.e., larger solid angle) at higher pressures. Yields decreased for thicker B-10 thin films due to higher average energy loss of the B-10(n,alpha)Li-7 reaction products escaping the films. The relative standard uncertainties in the measurements were determined to lie between 14% and 16%. The observed scintillation signal demonstrates that noble gas excimer scintillation is promising for use in practical neutron detectors. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [McComb, Jacob C.; Al-Sheikhly, Mohamad] Univ Maryland, Nucl Engn Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Coplan, Michael A.; Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Thompson, Alan K.; Vest, Robert E.; Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McComb, JC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Nucl Engn Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 FU U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) [NRC-38-09-934] FX The authors would like to thank the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for its financial support (NRC Fellowship Grant No. NRC-38-09-934). NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 14 PY 2014 VL 115 IS 14 AR 144504 DI 10.1063/1.4871009 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AF4KI UT WOS:000334680400064 ER PT J AU Zentile, MA Andrews, R Weller, L Knappe, S Adams, CS Hughes, IG AF Zentile, Mark A. Andrews, Rebecca Weller, Lee Knappe, Svenja Adams, Charles S. Hughes, Ifan G. TI The hyperfine Paschen-Back Faraday effect SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Faraday effect; Zeeman shift; hyperfine splitting; magneto-optical effects; dispersion ID STRONG MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SATURATED ABSORPTION; ATOMIC VAPOR; SODIUM; RB; RESONANCE; REGIME; FILTER; LIGHT; PROBE AB We investigate experimentally and theoretically the Faraday effect in an atomic medium in the hyperfine Paschen-Back regime, where the Zeeman interaction is larger than the hyperfine splitting. We use a small permanent magnet and a micro-fabricated vapour cell, giving magnetic fields of the order of a tesla. We show that for low absorption and small rotation angles, the refractive index is well approximated by the Faraday rotation signal, giving a simple way to measure the atomic refractive index. Fitting to the atomic spectra, we achieve magnetic field sensitivity at the 10(-4) level. Finally we note that the Faraday signal shows zero crossings which can be used as temperature insensitive error signals for laser frequency stabilization at large detuning. The theoretical sensitivity for Rb-87 is found to be similar to 40 kHz degrees C-1 C1 [Zentile, Mark A.; Andrews, Rebecca; Weller, Lee; Adams, Charles S.; Hughes, Ifan G.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Ctr JQC Durham Newcastle, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Knappe, Svenja] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zentile, MA (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Ctr JQC Durham Newcastle, S Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM m.a.zentile@durham.ac.uk RI Hughes, Ifan/B-8261-2009; Adams, Charles/C-8808-2015; Weller, Lee/B-2073-2016 OI Hughes, Ifan/0000-0001-6322-6435; Adams, Charles/0000-0001-5602-2741; Weller, Lee/0000-0002-2022-7259 FU EPSRC [EP/H002839/1, EP/F025459/1]; Durham University; Ogden trust FX We acknowledge financial support from EPSRC (grants EP/H002839/1 and EP/F025459/1) and Durham University. The data presented in this paper are available upon request. RA was funded by the Ogden trust. NR 52 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD APR 14 PY 2014 VL 47 IS 7 AR 075005 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/47/7/075005 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AE2IW UT WOS:000333797500009 ER PT J AU Galkin, A Kulakova, L Lim, K Chen, CZ Zheng, W Turko, IV Herzberg, O AF Galkin, Andrey Kulakova, Liudmila Lim, Kap Chen, Catherine Z. Zheng, Wei Turko, Illarion V. Herzberg, Osnat TI Structural Basis for Inactivation of Giardia lamblia Carbamate Kinase by Disulfiram SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Animal Models; Crystallography; Drug Discovery; Enzyme Inhibitors; Enzyme Structure; Parasite; Carbamate Kinase; Disulfiram; Giardia lamblia ID ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE; METRONIDAZOLE; RESISTANCE; MECHANISMS; TINIDAZOLE; RADIATION; CHILDREN; DAMAGE AB Background: Carbamate kinase is an essential Giardia lamblia enzyme, and the anti-alcoholism drug disulfiram kills the trophozoites and inhibits the enzyme. Results: Disulfiram acts by modifying Cys-242 adjacent to the active site and cures giardiasis in mice. Conclusion:G. lamblia CK is a good drug target and disulfiram may be repurposed as antigiardiasis drug. Significance: We need new antigiardiasis drugs because current treatments fail frequently. Carbamate kinase from Giardia lamblia is an essential enzyme for the survival of the organism. The enzyme catalyzes the final step in the arginine dihydrolase pathway converting ADP and carbamoyl phosphate to ATP and carbamate. We previously reported that disulfiram, a drug used to treat chronic alcoholism, inhibits G. lamblia CK and kills G. lamblia trophozoites in vitro at submicromolar IC50 values. Here, we examine the structural basis for G. lamblia CK inhibition of disulfiram and its analog, thiram, their activities against both metronidazole-susceptible and metronidazole-resistant G. lamblia isolates, and their efficacy in a mouse model of giardiasis. The crystal structure of G. lamblia CK soaked with disulfiram revealed that the compound thiocarbamoylated Cys-242, a residue located at the edge of the active site. The modified Cys-242 prevents a conformational transition of a loop adjacent to the ADP/ATP binding site, which is required for the stacking of Tyr-245 side chain against the adenine moiety, an interaction seen in the structure of G. lamblia CK in complex with AMP-PNP. Mass spectrometry coupled with trypsin digestion confirmed the selective covalent thiocarbamoylation of Cys-242 in solution. The Giardia viability studies in the metronidazole-resistant strain and the G. lamblia CK irreversible inactivation mechanism show that the thiuram compounds can circumvent the resistance mechanism that renders metronidazole ineffectiveness in drug resistance cases of giardiasis. Together, the studies suggest that G. lamblia CK is an attractive drug target for development of novel antigiardial therapies and that disulfiram, an FDA-approved drug, is a promising candidate for drug repurposing. C1 [Galkin, Andrey; Kulakova, Liudmila; Lim, Kap; Turko, Illarion V.; Herzberg, Osnat] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Chen, Catherine Z.; Zheng, Wei] NIH, Natl Ctr Adv Translat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Turko, Illarion V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Herzberg, Osnat] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Herzberg, O (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM osnat@umd.edu RI Zheng, Wei/J-8889-2014 OI Zheng, Wei/0000-0003-1034-0757 FU National Institutes of Health [R56AI059733, 11XS049]; Science Applications International Corporation/NCI; Intramural Research Programs of the Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health Grant R56AI059733 (to O. H.) and Science Applications International Corporation/NCI, National Institutes of Health contract 11XS049 (to O. H.), and the Intramural Research Programs of the Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (to C. Z. C. and W. Z.). NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 11 PY 2014 VL 289 IS 15 BP 10502 EP 10509 DI 10.1074/jbc.M114.553123 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AE8CI UT WOS:000334226400023 PM 24558036 ER PT J AU Sterling, JT Springer, AM Iverson, SJ Johnson, SP Pelland, NA Johnson, DS Lea, MA Bond, NA AF Sterling, Jeremy T. Springer, Alan M. Iverson, Sara J. Johnson, Shawn P. Pelland, Noel A. Johnson, Devin S. Lea, Mary-Anne Bond, Nicholas A. TI The Sun, Moon, Wind, and Biological Imperative-Shaping Contrasting Wintertime Migration and Foraging Strategies of Adult Male and Female Northern Fur Seals (Callorhinus ursinus) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MIXED-LAYER DEPTH; ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA; ZOOPLANKTON DISTRIBUTION; SEXUAL SEGREGATION; VERTICAL MIGRATION; MARINE PREDATOR; ELEPHANT SEALS; COASTAL ORIGIN; PACIFIC EDDY; NE PACIFIC AB Adult male and female northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) are sexually segregated in different regions of the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea during their winter migration. Explanations for this involve interplay between physiology, predator-prey dynamics, and ecosystem characteristics, however possible mechanisms lack empirical support. To investigate factors influencing the winter ecology of both sexes, we deployed five satellite-linked conductivity, temperature, and depth data loggers on adult males, and six satellite-linked depth data loggers and four satellite transmitters on adult females from St. Paul Island (Bering Sea, Alaska, USA) in October 2009. Males and females migrated to different regions of the North Pacific Ocean: males wintered in the Bering Sea and northern North Pacific Ocean, while females migrated to the Gulf of Alaska and California Current. Horizontal and vertical movement behaviors of both sexes were influenced by wind speed, season, light (sun and moon), and the ecosystem they occupied, although the expression of the behaviors differed between sexes. Male dive depths were aligned with the depth of the mixed layer during daylight periods and we suspect this was the case for females upon their arrival to the California Current. We suggest that females, because of their smaller size and physiological limitations, must avoid severe winters typical of the northern North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea and migrate long distances to areas of more benign environmental conditions and where prey is shallower and more accessible. In contrast, males can better tolerate often extreme winter ocean conditions and exploit prey at depth because of their greater size and physiological capabilities. We believe these contrasting winter behaviors 1) are a consequence of evolutionary selection for large size in males, important to the acquisition and defense of territories against rivals during the breeding season, and 2) ease environmental/physiological constraints imposed on smaller females. C1 [Sterling, Jeremy T.; Johnson, Devin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Springer, Alan M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Iverson, Sara J.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Johnson, Shawn P.] Johnson Vet Serv, Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA USA. [Pelland, Noel A.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lea, Mary-Anne] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Bond, Nicholas A.] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Sterling, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Jeremy.Sterling@noaa.gov RI Lea, Mary-Anne/E-9054-2013 OI Lea, Mary-Anne/0000-0001-8318-9299 FU NOAA's Undersea Research Program; NOAA's National Cooperative Research Program FX Principal financial support for this study was provided by NOAA's Undersea Research Program (http://www.nurp.noaa.gov). Additional crucial support was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service (http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov), Alaska Sea Life Center (http://www.alaskasealife.org), and the TEMPEST project funded by NOAA's National Cooperative Research Program (http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/ cooperative-research/index). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 74 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 23 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 10 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 4 AR e93068 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0093068 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AI5LS UT WOS:000336909100013 PM 24722344 ER PT J AU Lopez-Barron, CR Gurnon, AK Eberle, APR Porcar, L Wagner, NJ AF Lopez-Barron, Carlos R. Gurnon, A. Kate Eberle, Aaron P. R. Porcar, Lionel Wagner, Norman J. TI Microstructural evolution of a model, shear-banding micellar solution during shear startup and cessation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID WORMLIKE MICELLES; GIANT MICELLES; COMPLEX FLUIDS; SCISSION MODEL; RHEOLOGY; FLOW; SURFACTANT; TRANSITION; SALT; BIREFRINGENCE AB We present direct measurements of the evolution of the segmental-level microstructure of a stable shear-banding polymerlike micelle solution during flow startup and cessation in the plane of flow. These measurements provide a definitive, quantitative microstructural understanding of the stages observed during flow startup: an initial elastic response with limited alignment that yields with a large stress overshoot to a homogeneous flow with associated micellar alignment that persists for approximately three relaxation times. This transient is followed by a shear ( kink) band formation with a flow-aligned low-viscosity band that exhibits shear-induced concentration fluctuations and coexists with a nearly isotropic band of homogenous, highly viscoelastic micellar solution. Stable, steady banding flow is achieved only after approximately two reptation times. Flow cessation from this shearbanded state is also found to be nontrivial, exhibiting an initial fast relaxation with only minor structural relaxation, followed by a slower relaxation of the aligned micellar fluid with the equilibrium fluid's characteristic relaxation time. These measurements resolve a controversy in the literature surrounding the mechanism of shear banding in entangled wormlike micelles and, by means of comparison to existing literature, provide further insights into the mechanisms driving shear-banding instabilities in related systems. The methods and instrumentation described should find broad use in exploring complex fluid rheology and testing microstructure-based constitutive equations. C1 [Lopez-Barron, Carlos R.] ExxonMobil Chem Co, Baytown, TX 77520 USA. [Gurnon, A. Kate; Wagner, Norman J.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Neutron Sci, Dept Biomol & Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Eberle, Aaron P. R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RP Lopez-Barron, CR (reprint author), ExxonMobil Chem Co, Baytown, TX 77520 USA. EM wagnernj@udel.edu RI Wagner, Norman/B-6558-2012 OI Wagner, Norman/0000-0001-9565-619X FU National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce [70NANB7H6178, 70NANB10H256] FX This paper was prepared under cooperative Agreements No. 70NANB7H6178 and No. 70NANB10H256 from the National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of NIST or the U.S. Department of Commerce. The Institut Laue Langevin (Grenoble, France) is acknowledged for the beam time allocated on D22. NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 41 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 EI 1550-2376 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR 10 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 4 AR 042301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.89.042301 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA AE9EB UT WOS:000334306400004 PM 24827245 ER PT J AU Holmstrom, ED Nesbitt, DJ AF Holmstrom, Erik D. Nesbitt, David J. TI Single-Molecule Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Studies of the Human Telomerase RNA Pseudoknot: Temperature-/Urea-Dependent Folding Kinetics and Thermodynamics SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ALTERNATING-LASER EXCITATION; DYSKERATOSIS-CONGENITA; TERTIARY STRUCTURE; SPLINTED LIGATION; SECONDARY; FRET; DYNAMICS; MONOVALENT; MUTATIONS; STABILITY AB The ribonucleoprotein telomerase is an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase that catalyzes the repetitive addition of a short, species-specific, DNA sequence to the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes. The single RNA component of telomerase contains both the template sequence for DNA synthesis and a functionally critical pseudoknot motif, which can also exist as a less stable hairpin. Here we use a minimal version of the human telomerase RNA pseudoknot to study this hairpin-pseudoknot structural equilibrium using temperature-controlled single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) experiments. The urea dependence of these experiments aids in determination of the folding kinetics and thermodynamics. The wildtype pseudoknot behavior is compared and contrasted to a mutant pseudoknot sequence implicated in a genetic disorder-dyskeratosis congenita. These findings clearly identify that this 2nt noncomplementary mutation destabilizes the folding of the wild-type pseudoknot by substantially reducing the folding rate constant (approximate to 400-fold) while only nominally increasing the unfolding rate constant (approximate to 5-fold). Furthermore, the urea dependence of the equilibrium and rate constants is used to develop a free energy landscape for this unimolecular equilibrium and propose details about the structure of the transition state. Finally, the urea-dependent folding experiments provide valuable physical insights into the mechanism for destabilization of RNA pseudoknots by such chemical denaturants. C1 [Holmstrom, Erik D.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Holmstrom, Erik D.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Holmstrom, Erik D.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation [CHE 1012685, PHY 1125844]; National Institute for Standards and Technology; National Institutes of Health Molecular Biophysics Training Grant [T32 GM-065103] FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation (Grants CHE 1012685 and PHY 1125844) and the National Institute for Standards and Technology. E.D.H. received funding from the National Institutes of Health Molecular Biophysics Training Grant (T32 GM-065103). NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 10 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 14 BP 3853 EP 3863 DI 10.1021/jp501893c PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AF2WJ UT WOS:000334572900010 PM 24617561 ER PT J AU Helser, TE Kastelle, CR Lai, HL AF Helser, Thomas E. Kastelle, Craig R. Lai, Han-lin TI Modeling environmental factors affecting assimilation of bomb-produced Delta C-14 in the North Pacific Ocean: Implications for age validation studies SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Age validation; Bayesian models; Hierarchical models; North Pacific Ocean; Bomb-produced radiocarbon; Carbon isotope Delta C-14 ID BAYESIAN HIERARCHICAL METAANALYSIS; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; AGING METHODS; RADIOCARBON; SEBASTES; OTOLITHS; GROWTH; FISH; PRECISION; ALASKA AB The bomb-produced radiocarbon (C-14) chronometer has become the gold standard for assessing the accuracy of otolith growth ring based fish age estimates. In the northeast Pacific Ocean, nearly a dozen age validation studies have been conducted, ranging from California to Alaska, most of which have relied on a single reference chronology from the Gulf of Alaska. We developed a Bayesian hierarchical model using data sets of bomb-produced radiocarbon in the northeast Pacific Ocean and investigated whether latitude and upwelling exerts an influence on the parameters that describe the rapid Delta C-14 increase in marine calcium carbonates. Models incorporating both latitude and upwelling as linear covariates of a 4-parameter logistic model were favored based on Delta DIC statistics. There was substantial evidence to support that the timing of the Delta C-14 pulse was advanced and that total Delta C-14 uptake increased with increasing latitude. In contrast, increased oceanographic upwelling resulted in lower total radiocarbon input as well as a delay in the timing of the pulse curve, as was demonstrated in the upwelling dominated California Current System. Within the observed latitudinal and upwelling range of the data sets examined in this study the predicted timing of the bomb pulse curve varied by as much as 3 years, which could be misinterpreted as aging error. Our results suggest that new reference chronologies may be needed for regions of the North Pacific Ocean differing in latitude, seasonal upwelling strength and other mixing factors that can potentially change the functional form of the Delta C-14 curve. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Helser, Thomas E.; Kastelle, Craig R.] NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lai, Han-lin] NOAA, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. RP Helser, TE (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM thomas.helser@noaa.gov NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD APR 10 PY 2014 VL 277 BP 108 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.01.011 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AE2AN UT WOS:000333775800010 ER PT J AU Thomas, JC Wafula, D Chauhan, A Green, SJ Gragg, R Jagoe, C AF Thomas, Jesse C. Wafula, Denis Chauhan, Ashvini Green, Stefan J. Gragg, Richard Jagoe, Charles TI A survey of deepwater horizon (DWH) oil-degrading bacteria from the Eastern oyster biome and its surrounding environment SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deepwater horizon oil spill; oyster; bacteria; biodegradation; hydrocarbon ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; INTERGENIC SPACER ANALYSIS; SP-NOV.; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; COMMUNITY RESPONSE; HYDROCARBON SEEPS; VIBRIO-VULNIFICUS; SPILL; ECOSYSTEM; BIODEGRADATION AB The deepwater horizon (DWH) accident led to the release of an estimated 794,936,474 L of crude oil into the northern Gulf of Mexico over an 85 day period in 2010, resulting in the contamination of the Gulf of Mexico waters, sediments, permeable beach sands, coastal wetlands, and marine life. This study examines the potential response of the Eastern oysters microbiome to hydrocarbon contamination and compares it with the bacterial community responses observed from the overlaying water column (WC) and the oyster bed sediments. For this purpose, microcosms seeded with DWH crude oil were established and inoculated separately with oyster tissue (OT), mantle fluid (MF), overlaying WC, and sediments (S) collected from Apalachicola Bay, FL, USA. Shifts in the microbial community structure in the amended microcosms was monitored over a 3-month period using automated ribosomal intergenic spacer region analysis, which showed that the microbiome of the OT and MF were more similar to the sediment communities than those present in the overlaying WC. This pattern remained largely consistent, regardless of the concentration of crude oil or the enrichment period. Additionally, 72 oil-degrading bacteria were isolated from the microcosms containing OT, MF, WC, and S and identified using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and compared by principal component analysis, which clearly showed that the WC isolates were different to those identified from the sediment. Conversely, the OT and MF isolates clustered together; a strong indication that the oyster microbiome is uniquely structured relative to its surrounding environment. When selected isolates from the OT, MF, WC, and S were assessed for their oil-degrading potential, we found that the DWH oil was biodegraded between 12 and 42%, under the existing conditions C1 [Thomas, Jesse C.; Wafula, Denis; Chauhan, Ashvini; Gragg, Richard; Jagoe, Charles] Florida A&M Univ, Sch Environm, Environm Biotechnol Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [Green, Stefan J.] Univ Illinois, DNA Serv Facil, Chicago, IL USA. [Green, Stefan J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Biol Sci, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. [Jagoe, Charles] Florida A&M Univ, Sch Environm, NOAA Environm Cooperat Sci Ctr, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RP Chauhan, A (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Sch Environm, Environm Biotechnol Lab, Suite 305B, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. EM ashvini.chauhan@famu.edu OI Green, Stefan/0000-0003-2781-359X FU Woodrow Wilson Foundation Doris Duke Conservation Fellowship; Department of Defense (DoD) [W911NF-10-1-0146, W911NF-10-R-0006]; National Science Foundations Historically Black Colleges and Universities Research Infrastructure for Science and Engineering (HBCU-RISE) initiative grant [0531523]; United States Department of Educations Title III program; NOAAs Educational Partnership Program [NA06OAR4810164]; Environmental Cooperative Science Center [NA06OAR4810164] FX Funding for this study was provided by the Woodrow Wilson Foundation Doris Duke Conservation Fellowship. Partial funding was obtained from Department of Defense (DoD) grants W911NF-10-1-0146 and W911NF-10-R-0006; National Science Foundations Historically Black Colleges and Universities Research Infrastructure for Science and Engineering (HBCU-RISE) initiative grant (No. 0531523); and United States Department of Educations Title III program. This work was also partially supported by cooperative agreement NA06OAR4810164 between NOAAs Educational Partnership Program and the Environmental Cooperative Science Center. We thank Florida State University professors- Dr. Joel Kotska and Dr. Markus Huettel for providing the BP Crude Oil used in this study. We also thank Megan Lamb for help in sample collection. NR 71 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 50 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD APR 9 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 149 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00149 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA AE8UM UT WOS:000334278200001 PM 24782841 ER PT J AU Menendez, E Dias, T Geshev, J Lopez-Barbera, JF Nogues, J Steitz, R Kirby, BJ Borchers, JA Pereira, LMC Vantomme, A Temst, K AF Menendez, E. Dias, T. Geshev, J. Lopez-Barbera, J. F. Nogues, J. Steitz, R. Kirby, B. J. Borchers, J. A. Pereira, L. M. C. Vantomme, A. Temst, K. TI Interdependence between training and magnetization reversal in granular Co-CoO exchange bias systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC MULTILAYERS; ANISOTROPY; BILAYERS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; REFLECTOMETER AB The interdependence between training and magnetization reversal in granular Co-CoO exchange bias (EB) systems prepared by O ion implantation in Co thin films is demonstrated by polarized neutron reflectometry. While high-fluence O-implanted thin films show reduced relative training values and no asymmetry in magnetization reversal (all reversals take place by domain wall nucleation and motion), low-fluence O ion implantation results in an increased relative training and a magnetization reversal asymmetry between the first descending and the first ascending branches. Whereas the untrained decreasing field reversal occurs mainly by domain wall nucleation and motion, traces of a domain rotation contribution are evidenced in the increasing field reversal. This is explained by the evolution of the CoO structure and the contribution of the out-of-plane magnetization with ion implantation. The amount of incorporated O, which determines the threshold between both behaviors, is around 20 at.%. This reveals that the interdependence between training and magnetization reversal is insensitive to the morphology of the constituents (i.e., granular or layered), indicating that this is an intrinsic EB effect, which can be conveniently tailored by the interplay between the intrinsic properties of the investigated materials and ion implantation. C1 [Menendez, E.; Dias, T.; Pereira, L. M. C.; Vantomme, A.; Temst, K.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Kern Stralingsfys, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Dias, T.; Geshev, J.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Fis, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Lopez-Barbera, J. F.; Nogues, J.] ICN2 Inst Catala Nanociencia & Nanotecnol, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain. [Nogues, J.] ICREA Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Spain. [Steitz, R.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Kirby, B. J.; Borchers, J. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Menendez, E (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Kern Stralingsfys, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. EM enric.menendezdalmau@fys.kuleuven.be RI Geshev, Julian/C-3295-2009; Nogues, Josep/D-7791-2012; Pereira, Lino/F-3565-2011; Dias, Thiago/A-8246-2011; The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF, ROBL/A-2586-2011; Menendez, Enric /E-2469-2016 OI Geshev, Julian/0000-0003-3730-3657; Nogues, Josep/0000-0003-4616-1371; Pereira, Lino/0000-0002-1426-9102; Menendez, Enric /0000-0003-3809-2863 FU Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO); KU Leuven Concerted Action [GOA/09/006, GOA/14/007]; Generalitat de Catalunya [2009-SGR-1292]; Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [MAT2010-20616-C02]; European Commission [283883]; FWO; CNPq agency [245897/2012-7] FX This work was financed by the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO), the KU Leuven Concerted Action (GOA/09/006 and GOA/14/007) programs, the 2009-SGR-1292 project of the Generalitat de Catalunya, the MAT2010-20616-C02 project of the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, and the European Commission under the 7th Framework Programme through the "Research Infrastructure" action of the "Capacities" Programme, NMI3-II Grant No. 283883. We thank HZB (Proposal No. PHY-04-2130) and ESRF (Proposal No. HC-1012, BM20 beamline) for the allocation of neutron and synchrotron radiation beamtime, respectively, and C. Bahtz for the assistance during the synchrotron measurements. E. M. and L. M. C. P. also thank the FWO for financial support. T. D. thanks the CNPq agency (Project No. 245897/2012-7) for financial support. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 35 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 9 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 14 AR 144407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.144407 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AE6QV UT WOS:000334119500001 ER PT J AU Serebrov, AP Geltenbort, P Zherebtsov, OM Sbitnev, SV Varlamov, VE Vassiljev, AV Lasakov, MS Krasnoschekova, IA Ivanov, SN Pushin, D AF Serebrov, A. P. Geltenbort, P. Zherebtsov, O. M. Sbitnev, S. V. Varlamov, V. E. Vassiljev, A. V. Lasakov, M. S. Krasnoschekova, I. A. Ivanov, S. N. Pushin, D. TI Experimental search for long-range forces in neutron scattering via a gravitational spectrometer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID INVERSE-SQUARE LAW; EXTRA DIMENSIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; GASES; TESTS AB In this work we introduce a method of measuring low-energy scattering cross section with a gravitational spectrometer. In this method we add atoms (i.e., He) to the gravitational spectrometer filled with a target gas of ultracold neutrons (UCN). We search for long-range forces between atoms and UCN by measuring transfer of a small recoil energy similar to 10(-7) eV using the gravitational spectrometer. As a result of this search we set new constraints on the strength of long-range forces within the range of the effective radius of interaction of 10(-7)-10(-4) cm. C1 [Serebrov, A. P.; Zherebtsov, O. M.; Sbitnev, S. V.; Varlamov, V. E.; Vassiljev, A. V.; Lasakov, M. S.; Krasnoschekova, I. A.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Leningrad Distr, Russia. [Geltenbort, P.; Ivanov, S. N.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Pushin, D.] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Pushin, D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Serebrov, AP (reprint author), Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Leningrad Distr, Russia. EM serebrov@pnpi.spb.ru RI Serebrov, Anatoly/A-6771-2014; OI Serebrov, Anatoly/0000-0002-6734-038X; Pushin, Dmitry/0000-0002-4594-3403 FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [08-02-01052a, 10-02-00217a, 10-02-00224a]; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation [02.740.11.0532, 14.740.11.0083] FX This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Projects No. 08-02-01052a, No. 10-02-00217a, and No. 10-02-00224a) and by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Contracts No. 02.740.11.0532 and No. 14.740.11.0083). We would like to thank T. Brenner for intensive and very helpful assistance during the experiment. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD APR 9 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 4 AR 044002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.89.044002 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA AE9BZ UT WOS:000334300300001 ER PT J AU Choi, J Hore, MJA Clarke, N Winey, KI Composto, RJ AF Choi, Jihoon Hore, Michael J. A. Clarke, Nigel Winey, Karen I. Composto, Russell J. TI Nanoparticle Brush Architecture Controls Polymer Diffusion in Nanocomposites SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID GRAFTED-NANOPARTICLES; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; SURFACES; INTERFACES AB We show that polymer diffusion in polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) is controlled by the architecture of polymer brushes grafted to hard spherical nanoparticles (NPs). At high grafting density, diffusing chains are excluded from the polymer brush leading to greater confinement. However, at lower grafting density, these chains penetrate the brush and diffusion is similar to the hard NP case, compared at the same NP loading. We calculate the effective interparticle spacing (IDeff) by modeling polymer penetration into the grafted brush using self-consistent field theory. When plotted against a confinement parameter (IDeff/2R(g), where R-g is the radius of gyration of the diffusing polymer), reduced diffusion coefficients (D/D-o) fall on a master curve independent of brush architecture. These findings show that brush architecture provides a new route toward controlling polymer dynamics and viscoelasticity of PNCs. C1 [Choi, Jihoon; Winey, Karen I.; Composto, Russell J.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Hore, Michael J. A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clarke, Nigel] Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. RP Composto, RJ (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3231 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM composto@seas.upenn.edu RI Hore, Michael/F-7534-2012 OI Hore, Michael/0000-0003-2571-2111 FU National Science Foundation NSF/EPSRC Materials World Network [DMR-1210379, EP/5065373/1]; Dupont Central Research and Development; NSF/MRSEC-DMR [11-20901]; Polymer Programs [DMR09-07493]; National Research Council (NRC) FX This research was primarily supported by the National Science Foundation NSF/EPSRC Materials World Network DMR-1210379 (R.J.C., K.I.W.), as well as EP/5065373/1 (N.C.) and Dupont Central Research and Development (R.J.C.). Support was also provided by the NSF/MRSEC-DMR 11-20901 (K.I.W., R.J.C.), and Polymer Programs DMR09-07493 (R.J.C.). M.J.A.H. acknowledges support from a National Research Council (NRC) Postdoctoral Associateship at the NIST Center for Neutron Research. The identification of commercial products or experimental methods does not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that these are the best for the purpose. Helpful discussions with Prof. K. Schweizer (UIUC) and Dr. J. Meth (DuPont) are acknowledged. Ion scattering studies were assisted by Dr. D. Yates. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 57 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD APR 8 PY 2014 VL 47 IS 7 BP 2404 EP 2410 DI 10.1021/ma500235v PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AL0HF UT WOS:000338807300025 ER PT J AU Cook, JC AF Cook, Jeremy C. TI Concepts and Engineering Aspects of a Neutron Resonance Spin-Echo Spectrometer for the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neutron instrumentation simulations; neutron resonance spin-echo spectrometers; quasi-elastic neutron scattering ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; FRESNEL INTEGRALS; BOOTSTRAP METHOD; SCATTERING; FIELDS AB Following a brief introduction, the Neutron Resonance Spin-Echo (NRSE) principle is discussed classically in Sec. 2. In Sec. 3, two idealized 4-coil NRSE spectrometers are discussed (one using single pi-flipper coil units and one using paired "bootstrap" coils); some idealized (exact pi-flip) expressions are given for the spin-echo signal and some theoretical limitations are discussed. A more quantum mechanical discussion of NRSE is presented in Sec. 4 and additional theory related to the spin-echo signal, including wavelength-dependence, is given is Sec. 5. Factors affecting the instrumental resolution are discussed in Sec. 6. In Sec. 7, a variety of engineering issues are assessed in the context of challenging performance goals for a NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) NRSE spectrometer. In Sec. 8, some Monte Carlo simulations are presented that examine the combined influences of spectrometer imperfections on the NRSE signal. These are compared with analytical predictions developed in previous sections. In Sec. 9, possible alternatives for a NCNR NRSE spectrometer configuration are discussed together with a preliminary assessment of the spectrometer neutron guide requirements. A summary of some of the useful formulas is given in Appendix A. C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cook, JC (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeremy.cook@nist.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD APR 8 PY 2014 VL 119 BP 55 EP 211 DI 10.6028/jres.119.005 PG 157 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AG5IU UT WOS:000335453500001 PM 26601027 ER PT J AU Cho, TJ MacCuspie, RI Gigault, J Gorham, JM Elliott, JT Hackley, VA AF Cho, Tae Joon MacCuspie, Robert I. Gigault, Julien Gorham, Justin M. Elliott, John T. Hackley, Vincent A. TI Highly Stable Positively Charged Dendron-Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticles SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONALIZED AU NANOPARTICLES; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; UV-VIS DETECTION; CELLULAR UPTAKE; ACUTE CYTOTOXICITY; SIRNA DELIVERY; COLLOIDAL GOLD; DRUG-DELIVERY; STABILITY AB We report the development of a novel cationic dendron (TAG1-PCD) and a positively charged gold nanoparticle-dendron conjugate (PCD-AuNP). TAG1-PCD was designed by considering the reactivity, hydrophilicity, and cationic nature that is required to yield a stable gold conjugate in aqueous media. The PCD-AuNPs, nominally 10 nm in size, were synthesized by reduction of chloroauric acid in the presence of TAG1-PCD. The physicochemical properties of PCD-AuNPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, UV-vis absorbance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for investigation of size distribution, shape uniformity, surface plasmon resonance bands, and Au-dendron bonding. Asymmetric-flow field flow fractionation was employed to confirm the in situ size, purity, and surface properties of the PCD-AuNPs. Additionally, the stability of PCD-AuNPs was systematically evaluated with respect to shelf life determination, stability in biological media and a wide range of pH values, chemical resistance against cyanide, redispersibility from lyophilized state, and stability at temperatures relevant to biological systems. Dose dependent cell viability was evaluated in vitro using the human lung epithelial cell line A549 and a monkey kidney Vero cell line. Observations from in vitro studies are discussed. Overall, the investigation confirmed the successful development of stable PCD-AuNPs with excellent stability in biologically relevant test media containing proteins and electrolytes, and with a shelf life exceeding 6 months. The excellent aqueous stability and apparent lack of toxicity for this conjugate enhances its potential use as a test material for investigating interactions between positively charged NPs and biocellular and biomolecular systems, or as a vehicle for drug delivery. C1 [Cho, Tae Joon; MacCuspie, Robert I.; Gigault, Julien; Gorham, Justin M.; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Elliott, John T.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hackley, VA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vince.hackley@nist.gov OI Gorham, Justin/0000-0002-0569-297X; MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499 NR 61 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 73 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 8 PY 2014 VL 30 IS 13 BP 3883 EP 3893 DI 10.1021/la5002013 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AF2WB UT WOS:000334572100028 PM 24625049 ER PT J AU Lamouroux, J Sironneau, V Hodges, JT Hartmann, JM AF Lamouroux, J. Sironneau, V. Hodges, J. T. Hartmann, J. -M. TI Isolated line shapes of molecular oxygen: Requantized classical molecular dynamics calculations versus measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID O-2 A-BAND; ABSORPTION-MEASUREMENTS; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; CLOUD INFORMATION; B-BANDS; SPECTROSCOPY; PARAMETERS; TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE; LINESHAPE AB We present comparisons between measured isolated line shapes of molecular oxygen in air at various pressures and those calculated, free of any adjusted parameter, using requantized classical molecular dynamics simulations (rCMDS). The measurements have been made for the R1Q2, P9P9, P11P11, P13P13, and P15Q14 transitions in the O-2 singlet-Delta band [a(1)Delta(g) <- X-3 Sigma(-)(g) (0,0)] by the frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy technique. This work extends a previous study made for a single oxygen line [Phys. Rev. A 87, 032510 (2013)] and confirms the quality of this theoretical approach over broad ranges of pressure and rotational quantum number. Indeed, not only the collisional broadening coefficients but also the (small) deviations of observed line shapes with respect to the Voigt profile are accurately predicted. These results illustrate the viability of using the rCMDS method as a benchmark for the development and testing of simpler parametrized line profiles that are suitable for the analysis of underlying physical mechanisms and for atmospheric remote sensing applications. C1 [Lamouroux, J.; Hartmann, J. -M.] Univ Paris Est Creteil, Univ Paris Est Creteil & Paris Diderot, Inst PS Laplace, CNRS UMR 7583,LISA, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Sironneau, V.; Hodges, J. T.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lamouroux, J (reprint author), Univ Paris Est Creteil, Univ Paris Est Creteil & Paris Diderot, Inst PS Laplace, CNRS UMR 7583,LISA, F-94010 Creteil, France. EM jean-michel.hartmann@lisa.u-pec.fr FU French Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-12-PDOC-0012-01]; NIST Greenhouse Gas and Climate Science Measurements Program FX J.L. and J.M.H. thank the Institut du Developpement et des Ressources en Informatique Scientifique for giving access to the IBM BLUEGENE/Q parallel computer. J.L. thanks the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche for financial support through the Project ASGGRS (ANR-12-PDOC-0012-01). J.T.H. and V.S. were supported by the NIST Greenhouse Gas and Climate Science Measurements Program. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 8 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 4 AR 042504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.042504 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AE4XR UT WOS:000333991200003 ER PT J AU Lewison, RL Crowder, LB Wallace, BP Moore, JE Cox, T Zydelis, R McDonald, S DiMatteo, A Dunn, DC Kot, CY Bjorkland, R Kelez, S Soykan, C Stewart, KR Sims, M Boustany, A Read, AJ Halpin, P Nichols, WJ Safina, C AF Lewison, Rebecca L. Crowder, Larry B. Wallace, Bryan P. Moore, Jeffrey E. Cox, Tara Zydelis, Ramunas McDonald, Sara DiMatteo, Andrew Dunn, Daniel C. Kot, Connie Y. Bjorkland, Rhema Kelez, Shaleyla Soykan, Candan Stewart, Kelly R. Sims, Michelle Boustany, Andre Read, Andrew J. Halpin, Patrick Nichols, W. J. Safina, Carl TI Global patterns of marine mammal, seabird, and sea turtle bycatch reveal taxa-specific and cumulative megafauna hotspots SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE fisheries bycatch; trophic downgrading; longlines; gillnets; trawls ID SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES; PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY; CONSERVATION SCIENCE; LOGGERHEAD TURTLES; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; FISHING EFFORT; BY-CATCH; MANAGEMENT; REDUCTION; IMPACTS AB Recent research on ocean health has found large predator abundance to be a key element of ocean condition. Fisheries can impact large predator abundance directly through targeted capture and indirectly through incidental capture of nontarget species or bycatch. However, measures of the global nature of bycatch are lacking for air-breathing megafauna. We fill this knowledge gap and present a synoptic global assessment of the distribution and intensity of bycatch of seabirds, marine mammals, and sea turtles based on empirical data from the three most commonly used types of fishing gears worldwide. We identify taxa-specific hotspots of bycatch intensity and find evidence of cumulative impacts across fishing fleets and gears. This global map of bycatch illustrates where data are particularly scarce-in coastal and small-scale fisheries and ocean regions that support developed industrial fisheries and millions of small-scale fishers-and identifies fishing areas where, given the evidence of cumulative hotspots across gear and taxa, traditional species or gear-specific bycatch management and mitigation efforts may be necessary but not sufficient. Given the global distribution of bycatch and the mitigation success achieved by some fleets, the reduction of air-breathing megafauna bycatch is both an urgent and achievable conservation priority. C1 [Lewison, Rebecca L.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Crowder, Larry B.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Wallace, Bryan P.] Ocean Soc, Marine Flagship Species Program, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Moore, Jeffrey E.; Stewart, Kelly R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Cox, Tara] Savannah State Univ, Marine Sci Program, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. [Zydelis, Ramunas] Danish Hydraul Inst, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark. [McDonald, Sara; Boustany, Andre; Halpin, Patrick] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Marine Sci & Conservat Program, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [DiMatteo, Andrew] US Dept Navy, Naval Facil Engn Command Atlantic, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. [Dunn, Daniel C.; Kot, Connie Y.; Read, Andrew J.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Marine Sci & Conservat Program, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Bjorkland, Rhema] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, North West Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kelez, Shaleyla] EcOceanica, Lima 41, Peru. [Soykan, Candan] Natl Audubon Soc Headquarters, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. [Stewart, Kelly R.] Ocean Fdn, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Sims, Michelle] Univ Bath, Dept Hlth, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Nichols, W. J.] Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Safina, Carl] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Blue Ocean Inst, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Lewison, RL (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM rlewison@mail.sdsu.edu OI Dunn, Daniel/0000-0001-8932-0681 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX We thank the many researchers who participated as expert panelists for their time and commitment to a time-consuming process. This work was also supported by numerous student research assistants at Duke University and San Diego State University, notably K. James. This work was part of Project Global Bycatch Assessment of Long-Lived Species (GLoBAL), supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. NR 70 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 15 U2 109 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 8 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 14 BP 5271 EP 5276 DI 10.1073/pnas.1318960111 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AE4VU UT WOS:000333985200056 PM 24639512 ER PT J AU Fossette, S Witt, MJ Miller, P Nalovic, MA Albareda, D Almeida, AP Broderick, AC Chacon-Chaverri, D Coyne, MS Domingo, A Eckert, S Evans, D Fallabrino, A Ferraroli, S Formia, A Giffoni, B Hays, GC Hughes, G Kelle, L Leslie, A Lopez-Mendilaharsu, M Luschi, P Prosdocimi, L Rodriguez-Heredia, S Turny, A Verhage, S Godley, BJ AF Fossette, S. Witt, M. J. Miller, P. Nalovic, M. A. Albareda, D. Almeida, A. P. Broderick, A. C. Chacon-Chaverri, D. Coyne, M. S. Domingo, A. Eckert, S. Evans, D. Fallabrino, A. Ferraroli, S. Formia, A. Giffoni, B. Hays, G. C. Hughes, G. Kelle, L. Leslie, A. Lopez-Mendilaharsu, M. Luschi, P. Prosdocimi, L. Rodriguez-Heredia, S. Turny, A. Verhage, S. Godley, B. J. TI Pan-Atlantic analysis of the overlap of a highly migratory species, the leatherback turtle, with pelagic longline fisheries SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE incidental capture; marine protected area; international collaboration; satellite tracking; mitigation; marine vertebrate ID DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; SEA-TURTLES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MOVEMENTS; BYCATCH; CONSERVATION; OCEAN; TRACKING; THREATS; BRAZIL AB Large oceanic migrants play important roles in ecosystems, yet many species are of conservation concern as a result of anthropogenic threats, of which incidental capture by fisheries is frequently identified. The last large populations of the leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea, occur in the Atlantic Ocean, but interactions with industrial fisheries could jeopardize recent positive population trends, making bycatch mitigation a priority. Here, we perform the first pan-Atlantic analysis of spatio-temporal distribution of the leatherback turtle and ascertain overlap with longline fishing effort. Data suggest that the Atlantic probably consists of two regional management units: northern and southern (the latter including turtles breeding in South Africa). Although turtles and fisheries show highly diverse distributions, we highlight nine areas of high susceptibility to potential bycatch (four in the northern Atlantic and five in the southern/equatorial Atlantic) that are worthy of further targeted investigation and mitigation. These are reinforced by reports of leatherback bycatch at eight of these sites. International collaborative efforts are needed, especially from nations hosting regions where susceptibility to bycatch is likely to be high within their exclusive economic zone (northern Atlantic: Cape Verde, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Mauritania, Senegal, Spain, USA and Western Sahara; southern Atlantic: Angola, Brazil, Namibia and UK) and from nations fishing in these high-susceptibility areas, including those located in international waters. C1 [Fossette, S.; Hays, G. C.] Swansea Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Biosci, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Witt, M. J.] Univ Exeter, Environm & Sustainabil Inst, Penryn EX4 4QJ, England. [Broderick, A. C.; Godley, B. J.] Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn EX4 4QJ, England. [Miller, P.] Ctr Invest & Conservac Marina, Canelones 15008, Uruguay. [Nalovic, M. A.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Nalovic, M. A.] Comite Reg Peches & Elevages Marine Guyne, Matoury 97351, French Guiana. [Almeida, A. P.] Jardin Zool Ciudad Buenos Aires, RA-1425 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Albareda, D.; Prosdocimi, L.; Rodriguez-Heredia, S.] Reg Program Sea Turtles Res & Conservat Argentina, RA-1876 Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Almeida, A. P.] ICMBio Reserva Biol Comboios, BR-29900970 Linhares, Brazil. [Chacon-Chaverri, D.] Asociac LAST, Tibas, Costa Rica. [Coyne, M. S.] SEATURTLE Org, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [Domingo, A.] Direcc Nacl Recursos Acuaticos, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay. [Eckert, S.] WIDECAST, Ballwin, MO 63011 USA. [Eckert, S.] Principia Coll, Biol & Nat Resources Dept, Elsah, IL 62028 USA. [Evans, D.] Sea Turtle Conservancy, Gainesville, FL 32609 USA. [Fallabrino, A.; Lopez-Mendilaharsu, M.] Karumbe, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay. [Formia, A.] Global Conservat Program, Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Giffoni, B.; Lopez-Mendilaharsu, M.] Fundacao Pro TAMAR, Salvador, BA, Brazil. [Hays, G. C.] Sch Life & Environm Sci, Ctr Integrat Ecol, Warrnambool, Vic 3280, Australia. [Kelle, L.; Turny, A.] WWF Guianas, Cayenne 97300, French Guiana. [Leslie, A.] WWF Int, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. [Luschi, P.] Univ Pisa, Dept Biol, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. [Prosdocimi, L.] Univ Buenos Aires, FCEN, Dept Ecol Genet & Evaluc, Lab Genet Estructura Poblac, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Rodriguez-Heredia, S.] Fdn Mundo Marino, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Fossette, S (reprint author), NOAA, Div Environm Res, SWFSC, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM sabrina.fossette@googlemail.com; m.j.witt@exeter.ac.uk RI godley, brendan/A-6139-2009 OI godley, brendan/0000-0003-3845-0034 FU Large Pelagics Research Center through National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Agency award [NA04NMF4550391]; UK Defra Darwin Initiative; Shellshock Campaign (European Association for Zoos and Aquaria); UK Natural Environment Research Council; Wildlife Conservation Society; Gabon Sea Turtle Partnership; Marine Turtle Conservation Fund (United States Fish and Wildlife Service, US Department of the Interior); Canadian Sea Turtle Network; CNES; DEAL; European Union FX Work in Gabon was financially supported by the Large Pelagics Research Center through National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Agency award no. NA04NMF4550391, the UK Defra Darwin Initiative, the Shellshock Campaign (European Association for Zoos and Aquaria) and the UK Natural Environment Research Council. Sea turtle monitoring programmes in Gabon were financially supported by the Wildlife Conservation Society and by the Gabon Sea Turtle Partnership with funding from the Marine Turtle Conservation Fund (United States Fish and Wildlife Service, US Department of the Interior). Four of the satellite tags were deployed in Canadian waters by M. James (Dalhousie University) and the Canadian Sea Turtle Network, with the funding support of Canadian Sea Turtle Network leatherback field research provided by R. A. Myers, the Canadian Wildlife Federation, Environment Canada and WWF-Canada. Work in French Guiana was financially supported by CNES, DEAL and the European Union. NR 49 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 6 U2 55 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD APR 7 PY 2014 VL 281 IS 1780 AR 20133065 DI 10.1098/rspb.2013.3065 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AC2YV UT WOS:000332383100015 PM 24523271 ER PT J AU Naro-Maciel, E Gaughran, SJ Putman, NF Amato, G Arengo, F Dutton, PH McFadden, KW Vintinner, EC Sterling, EJ AF Naro-Maciel, Eugenia Gaughran, Stephen J. Putman, Nathan F. Amato, George Arengo, Felicity Dutton, Peter H. McFadden, Katherine W. Vintinner, Erin C. Sterling, Eleanor J. TI Predicting connectivity of green turtles at Palmyra Atoll, central Pacific: a focus on mtDNA and dispersal modelling SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE LA English DT Article DE feeding ground; marine turtle; Chelonia mydas; mixed stock analysis; ocean currents; control region ID CHELONIA-MYDAS; SEA-TURTLES; MARINE TURTLES; CARETTA-CARETTA; POPULATION-GENETICS; SATELLITE TRACKING; HAWKSBILL TURTLES; BAYESIAN METHODS; MIXED STOCKS; MIGRATION AB Population connectivity and spatial distribution are fundamentally related to ecology, evolution and behaviour. Here, we combined powerful genetic analysis with simulations of particle dispersal in a high-resolution ocean circulation model to investigate the distribution of green turtles foraging at the remote Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, central Pacific. We analysed mitochondrial sequences from turtles (n = 349) collected there over 5 years (2008-2012). Genetic analysis assigned natal origins almost exclusively (approx. 97%) to the West Central and South Central Pacific combined Regional Management Units. Further, our modelling results indicated that turtles could potentially drift from rookeries to Palmyra Atoll via surface currents along a near-Equatorial swathe traversing the Pacific. Comparing findings from genetics and modelling highlighted the complex impacts of ocean currents and behaviour on natal origins. Although the Palmyra feeding ground was highly differentiated genetically from others in the Indo-Pacific, there was no significant differentiation among years, sexes or stage-classes at the Refuge. Understanding the distribution of this foraging population advances knowledge of green turtles and contributes to effective conservation planning for this threatened species. C1 [Naro-Maciel, Eugenia] CUNY, Coll Staten Isl, Dept Biol, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. [Gaughran, Stephen J.; Amato, George] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Sackler Inst Comparat Genom, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Arengo, Felicity; Vintinner, Erin C.; Sterling, Eleanor J.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Putman, Nathan F.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Dutton, Peter H.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [McFadden, Katherine W.] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Naro-Maciel, E (reprint author), CUNY, Coll Staten Isl, Dept Biol, 2800 Victory Blvd, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. EM eugenia.naromaciel@csi.cuny.edu; nathan.putman@gmail.com FU NOAA [NA07NMF4540185, NA10NMF4540299]; Royal Caribbean Ocean Fund; Regina Bauer Frankenberg Foundation for Animal Welfare FX This research was approved by the American Museum of Natural History's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), under permits authorized by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA/NMFS permit no. 10027) as well as the PANWR, USFWS (USFWS special use permit nos. 12533-08013, 12533-09018, 12533-10008, 12533-11008, 12533-12008). Samples were collected by the AMNH under awards nos. NA07NMF4540185 and NA10NMF4540299 from NOAA. The statements, findings, conclusions and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NOAA, or the US Department of Commerce. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. The study was also supported by grants from the Royal Caribbean Ocean Fund and the Regina Bauer Frankenberg Foundation for Animal Welfare. This is Palmyra Atoll Research Consortium publication number PARC-0099. NR 72 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 50 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1742-5689 EI 1742-5662 J9 J R SOC INTERFACE JI J. R. Soc. Interface PD APR 6 PY 2014 VL 11 IS 93 AR 20130888 DI 10.1098/rsif.2013.0888 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AC2ZO UT WOS:000332385000003 PM 24451389 ER PT J AU Li, QL Xiong, HD Liang, XL Zhu, XX Gu, DF Ioannou, DE Baumgart, H Richter, CA AF Li, Qiliang Xiong, Hao D. Liang, Xuelei Zhu, Xiaoxiao Gu, Diefeng Ioannou, Dimitris E. Baumgart, Helmut Richter, Curt A. TI Self-assembled nanowire array capacitors: capacitance and interface state profile SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nanowire array; capacitance; interface states; MOS ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; SILICON NANOWIRES; CARRIER MOBILITY AB Direct characterization of the capacitance and interface states is very important for understanding the electronic properties of a nanowire transistor. However, the capacitance of a single nanowire is too small to precisely measure. In this work we have fabricated metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors based on a large array of self-assembled Si nanowires. The capacitance and conductance of the nanowire array capacitors are directly measured and the interface state profile is determined by using the conductance method. We demonstrate that the nanowire array capacitor is an effective platform for studying the electronic properties of nanoscale interfaces. This approach provides a useful and efficient metrology for the study of the physics and device properties of nanoscale metal-oxide-semiconductor structures. C1 [Li, Qiliang; Zhu, Xiaoxiao; Ioannou, Dimitris E.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Xiong, Hao D.] South Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Shenzhen, Peoples R China. [Xiong, Hao D.; Liang, Xuelei; Richter, Curt A.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liang, Xuelei] Peking Univ, Dept Elect, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Gu, Diefeng; Baumgart, Helmut] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Li, QL (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM qli6@gmu.edu; haoxiong941805@gmail.com; liangxl@pku.edu.cn RI Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015 OI Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695 FU NIST [60NANB11D148]; NSF [ECCS-0846649]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2011CB921904] FX The work described here was supported in part by NIST grant 60NANB11D148 and NSF grant ECCS-0846649. X Liang acknowledged the support of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, grant no 2011CB921904. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 29 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD APR 4 PY 2014 VL 25 IS 13 AR 135201 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/25/13/135201 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AC9MM UT WOS:000332858700002 PM 24584362 ER PT J AU Patrick, WS Cope, JM Thorson, JT AF Patrick, Wesley S. Cope, Jason M. Thorson, James T. TI Validating and Improving Life History Data in FishBase SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID REFERENCE POINTS; FISHERIES; MORTALITY; LENGTH AB Life history parameters of fish stocks are central to ecological research and management, including the fields of macro-ecology, fisheries science, and ecosystem modeling. The need for such information has led to several life history databases being developed to support and disseminate this information publicly. However, there has been little independent evaluation of the precision and accuracy of the life history values in these databases. This article summarizes a recent evaluation of FishBase, one of the largest and oldest life history databases, by distinguishing biases among seven life history parameters, two types of information available in FishBase (i.e., Entered vs. Generated data), and two taxa (i.e., Teleost vs. Chondrichthyan). In general, the study shows that certain types of information like data "entered" by experts are relatively accurate and precise, while empirically "generated" were not. We conclude with some ideas on how American Fisheries Society members can improve upon the data already available within FishBase. C1 [Patrick, Wesley S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sustainable Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Cope, Jason M.; Thorson, James T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Patrick, WS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sustainable Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Wesley.Patrick@noaa.gov RI Thorson, James/O-7937-2014 OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD APR 3 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 4 BP 173 EP 176 DI 10.1080/03632415.2014.891504 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AF7PK UT WOS:000334906800011 ER PT J AU Baker, TA Grubisic, A Nesbitt, DJ AF Baker, Thomas A. Grubisic, Andrei Nesbitt, David J. TI Plasmon Mediated Multiphoton Photoemission Microscopy of Au Nanoholes and Nanohole Dimers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-HARMONIC GENERATION; RHODAMINE 6G MOLECULES; LARGE AG NANOCRYSTALS; ATOMIC LINE EMISSION; THIN GOLD-FILMS; NEAR-FIELD; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; NANOSPHERE LITHOGRAPHY AB Multiphoton photoernission from "nanoholes" and "nanohole dimers" fabricated by nanosphere shadow lithography in a thin Au film are investigated by ultrafast scanning photoionization microscopy (SPIM), which provides detailed information on laser polarization and local electric field enhancement effects for novel 2D plasmonic architectures. The net photoemission signals (at 800 nm) from isotropic nanohole monomers both (i) below (d << lambda) and (ii) comparable to (d approximate to lambda) the diffraction limit are insensitive to laser polarization, though SPIM images of the larger species clearly reveal strongly enhanced electron emission from nanohole tangent edges perpendicular to incident laser polarization. Fundamentally contrasting behavior is observed for intrinsically anisotropic plasmonic architectures such as nanohole dimers. Specifically, small nanohole dimers reveal enhanced electron emission for lambda = 800 nm light polarized perpendicular to the dimer axis, whereas larger nanohole dimers produce optimum electron yields for polarization parallel to the dimer axis at the same excitation wavelength. We find excellent agreement between the SPIM images for the four classes of nanostructures and detailed finite element simulations for photoemission, where the latter include (i) the spatial dependence of the electric field enhancement around the nanoobject and (ii) diffraction limited spatial resolution of the laser source. In general, these studies highlight multiphoton photoemission of nanoholes and nanohole aggregrates as sensitive benchmark systems for imaging local plasmonic field enhancements, which enables detailed characterization of nanobjects far below the diffraction limit. C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Grubisic, Andrej/P-2717-2014 OI Grubisic, Andrej/0000-0001-8236-0007 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0139]; National Science Foundation [CHE1012685, PHYS1125844]; National Institute for Standards and Technology FX This work has been supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-12-1-0139), with additional funds for optics, microscopy, and computer resources provided by the National Science Foundation (CHE1012685, PHYS1125844) and the National Institute for Standards and Technology. We also gratefully acknowledge D. Alchenberger for help with the metal deposition. NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD APR 3 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 13 BP 6959 EP 6971 DI 10.1021/jp411943f PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AE8NM UT WOS:000334258600047 ER PT J AU Seung, CK AF Seung, Chang K. TI MEASURING SPILLOVER EFFECTS OF SHOCKS TO THE ALASKA ECONOMY: AN INTER-REGIONAL SOCIAL ACCOUNTING MATRIX (IRSAM) MODEL APPROACH SO ECONOMIC SYSTEMS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Multiplier decomposition; Spillover effects; Inter-regional SAM AB An inter-regional social accounting matrix (IRSAM) model is used to estimate the spillover effects occurring between economies of two US regions - (i) Alaska, which depends heavily on imports of commodities and factors of production from outside the region, and (ii) the rest of the US (RoUS). Multiplier decomposition is used to calculate intra-regional multipliers and spillover effects between the two regions. Results show that a significant percentage (46.3-70.8%) of the total secondary impacts of a shock to Alaskan industries leaks out of Alaska and flows to the RoUS. An analysis of household multipliers indicates that over 60% of the total secondary effects of an increase in Alaska household income accrues to the RoUS households. Policymakers are concerned with identifying the magnitude, nature, and geographic distribution of economic impacts from the policies they implement. The IRSAM model provides the framework for a better understanding of the intra-regional and spillover effects of policies. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Seung, CK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM chang.seung@noaa.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0953-5314 EI 1469-5758 J9 ECON SYST RES JI Econ. Syst. Res. PD APR 3 PY 2014 VL 26 IS 2 BP 224 EP 238 DI 10.1080/09535314.2013.803039 PG 15 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA AE4LP UT WOS:000333954200007 ER PT J AU Frost, DA McAuley, WC Kluver, B Wastel, M Maynard, D Flagg, TA AF Frost, Deborah A. McAuley, W. Carlin Kluver, Bryon Wastel, Mike Maynard, Desmond Flagg, Thomas A. TI Methods and Accuracy of Sexing Sockeye Salmon Using Ultrasound for Captive Broodstock Management SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID MATURATIONAL STATUS; PACIFIC SALMON; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; STOCKS AB Ultrasound has been widely used to noninvasively examine the internal anatomy and reproductive status of many fish species. Since 2003, ultrasonography has been an integral part of broodstock management for Endangered Species Act-listed endangered Redfish Lake Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka. Initial ultrasound screenings for each year's broodstock were conducted 3 to 4 months prior to anticipated maturation, before external signs of maturation developed. In keeping with the natural life history of these fish, this permitted the separation of nonmaturing fish from maturing fish so the immature fish could maintain feeding and growth. It also permitted maturing seawater-reared fish to be transferred to freshwater for final maturation. Designing a spawning matrix to maintain genetic diversity requires knowledge of the sex of each fish before spawning. Approximately 1 month prior to spawning, a second ultrasound was performed to verify sex identification and thus ensure the accuracy of the spawning matrix. Over a 9-year period, 2,662 fish were examined. The accuracy of sexing age-3 adult Sockeye Salmon ranged from 94.0% to 100%, with an average of 97.7%, while the accuracy of sexing age-4 adult fish ranged from 92.0% to 100%, with an average of 94.4%. The average accuracy was similar for fish examined in seawater or freshwater (98.1% versus 97.3%, respectively). Ultrasound was shown to be an accurate and effective tool for managing the husbandry of our captive broodstock life history. Received September 13, 2013; accepted January 2, 2014 C1 [Frost, Deborah A.; McAuley, W. Carlin; Kluver, Bryon; Wastel, Mike; Maynard, Desmond; Flagg, Thomas A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Frost, DA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM debbie.frost@noaa.gov FU BPA FX This Redfish Lake Sockeye Salmon gene rescue program is a cooperative between NMFS, the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), the Shoshone Bannock Tribes, and others involved with salmon conservation in the Columbia River Basin. The program is funded by the BPA and coordinated through the Northwest Power and Conservation Council's Fish and Wildlife Program. Mention of specific products does not constitute endorsement by NOAA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD APR 3 PY 2014 VL 76 IS 2 BP 153 EP 158 DI 10.1080/15222055.2014.886647 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AE9NE UT WOS:000334333700009 ER PT J AU Howard-Reed, C Liu, Z Cox, S Leber, D Samarov, D Little, JC AF Howard-Reed, Cynthia Liu, Zhe Cox, Steven Leber, Dennis Samarov, Dan Little, John C. TI Diffusion-controlled toluene reference material for VOC emissions testing: International interlaboratory study SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The measurement of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from building products and materials by manufacturers and testing laboratories, and the use of the test results for labeling programs, continue to expand. One issue that hinders wide acceptance for chamber product testing is the lack of a reference material to validate test chamber performance. To meet this need, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Virginia Tech (VT) have developed a prototype reference material that emits a single VOC similar to the emissions of a diffusion-controlled building product source with a dynamic emissions profile. The prototype material has undergone extensive testing at NIST and a pilot interlaboratory study (ILS) with four laboratories. The next development step is an evaluation of the prototype source in multiple-sized chambers of 14 laboratories in seven countries. Each laboratory was provided duplicate specimens and a test protocol. Study results identified significant issues related to the need to store the source at a subzero Celsius temperature until tested and possible inconsistencies in large chambers. For laboratories using a small chamber and meeting all the test method criteria, the results were very encouraging with relative standard deviations ranging from 5% to 10% across the laboratories. Implications: Currently, the chamber performance of laboratories conducting product VOC emissions testing is assessed through interlaboratory studies (ILS) using a source with an unknown emission rate. As a result, laboratory proficiency can only be based on the mean and standard deviation of emission rates measured by the participating ILS laboratories. A reference material with a known emission rate has the potential to provide an independent assessment of laboratory performance as well as improve the quality of interlaboratory studies. Several international laboratories with different chamber testing systems demonstrated the ability to measure the emission rate of such a reference material within an acceptable measurement uncertainty. C1 [Howard-Reed, Cynthia] NIST, IAQ & Ventilat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Leber, Dennis; Samarov, Dan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Zhe; Cox, Steven] Virginia Tech, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Little, John C.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Howard-Reed, C (reprint author), NIST, IAQ & Ventilat Grp, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chreed75@gmail.com RI Little, John/B-4154-2009 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD APR 3 PY 2014 VL 64 IS 4 BP 468 EP 480 DI 10.1080/10962247.2013.869274 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE5QW UT WOS:000334044800009 PM 24843917 ER PT J AU Blackley, CL Julienne, PS Hutson, JM AF Blackley, Caroline L. Julienne, Paul S. Hutson, Jeremy M. TI Effective-range approximations for resonant scattering of cold atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; QUANTUM-DEFECT ANALYSIS; FEW-BODY SYSTEMS; FESHBACH RESONANCES; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; OPTICAL LATTICES; NOBEL LECTURE; COLLISIONS; GAS; LENGTH AB Studies of cold atom collisions and few-body interactions often require the energy dependence of the scattering phase shift, which is usually expressed in terms of an effective-range expansion. We use accurate coupled-channel calculations on Li-6, K-39, and Cs-133 to explore the behavior of the effective range in the vicinity of both broad and narrow Feshbach resonances. We show that commonly used expressions for the effective range break down dramatically for narrow resonances and near the zero crossings of broad resonances. We present an alternative parametrization of the effective range that is accurate through both the pole and the zero crossing for both broad and narrow resonances. However, the effective-range expansion can still fail at quite low collision energies, particularly around narrow resonances. We demonstrate that an analytical form of an energy and magnetic-field-dependent phase shift, based on multichannel quantum defect theory, gives accurate results for the energy-dependent scattering length. C1 [Blackley, Caroline L.; Hutson, Jeremy M.] Univ Durham, Dept Chem, Joint Quantum Ctr JQC Durham Newcastle, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Blackley, CL (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Chem, Joint Quantum Ctr JQC Durham Newcastle, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RI Hutson, Jeremy/F-4748-2012; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Hutson, Jeremy/0000-0002-4344-6622; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU European Office of Aerospace Research and Development [FA8655-10-1-3033]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative [FA9550-09-1-0617]; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/I012044/1]; Durham University FX The authors are grateful to Yujun Wang for discussions. The authors acknowledge the support of the European Office of Aerospace Research and Development under Grant No. FA8655-10-1-3033, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative FA9550-09-1-0617, and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council under Grant No. EP/I012044/1. C.L.B. is supported by a Doctoral Fellowship from Durham University. NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 3 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 4 AR 042701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.042701 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AE0ZF UT WOS:000333694200003 ER PT J AU Mootz, M Kira, M Koch, SW Almand-Hunter, AE Cundiff, ST AF Mootz, M. Kira, M. Koch, S. W. Almand-Hunter, A. E. Cundiff, S. T. TI Characterizing biexciton coherences with quantum spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SQUEEZED STATES; LIGHT; DOT; VACUUM; PHASE; LASER; ATOM AB The biexciton resonance in the absorption spectra of semiconductor quantum wells is analyzed with quantumoptical spectroscopy by projecting experimental pump-probe measurements into quantum-optical absorption spectra. More specifically, the measurements are converted into phase-space distributions using the clusterexpansion transformation. The quantum-optical responses can then be projected with full convergence, despite the unavoidable experimental noise. The calculations show that classical and quantum excitations produce significantly different results for the biexciton resonance. In particular, quantum-optical spectroscopy monitors the excitation-induced broadening of the biexciton resonance as a function of pump intensity much more sensitively than classical spectroscopy does. C1 [Mootz, M.; Kira, M.; Koch, S. W.] Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Almand-Hunter, A. E.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Almand-Hunter, A. E.; Cundiff, S. T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Almand-Hunter, A. E.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Mootz, M (reprint author), Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, Renthof 5, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. EM martin.mootz@physik.uni-marburg.de RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Kira, Mackillo/G-5812-2015 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [KI 917/2-1]; NIST; NSF [1125844]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX The work in Marburg is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Grant No. KI 917/2-1. The work at JILA is supported by NIST and the NSF under Grant No. 1125844. S.T.C. acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. M.K., A.E.H., and S.T.C. thank R.P. Smith for fruitful discussions in developing quantum spectroscopy. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 2 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 15 AR 155301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.155301 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AE0OQ UT WOS:000333666000003 ER PT J AU Chadwick, MB Dupont, E Bauge, E Blokhin, A Bouland, O Brown, DA Capote, R Carlson, A Danon, Y De St Jean, C Dunn, M Fischer, U Forrest, RA Frankle, SC Fukahori, T Ge, Z Grimes, SM Hale, GM Herman, M Ignatyuk, A Ishikawa, M Iwamoto, N Iwamoto, O Jandel, M Jacqmin, R Kawano, T Kunieda, S Kahler, A Kiedrowski, B Kodeli, I Koning, AJ Leal, L Lee, YO Lestone, JP Lubitz, C MacInnes, M McNabb, D McKnight, R Moxon, M Mughabghab, S Noguere, G Palmiotti, G Plompen, A Pritychenko, B Pronyaev, V Rochman, D Romain, P Roubtsov, D Schillebeeckx, P Salvatores, M Simakov, S Soukhovitskii, ES Sublet, JC Talou, P Thompson, I Trkov, A Vogt, R van der Marck, S AF Chadwick, M. B. Dupont, E. Bauge, E. Blokhin, A. Bouland, O. Brown, D. A. Capote, R. Carlson, A. Danon, Y. De St Jean, C. Dunn, M. Fischer, U. Forrest, R. A. Frankle, S. C. Fukahori, T. Ge, Z. Grimes, S. M. Hale, G. M. Herman, M. Ignatyuk, A. Ishikawa, M. Iwamoto, N. Iwamoto, O. Jandel, M. Jacqmin, R. Kawano, T. Kunieda, S. Kahler, A. Kiedrowski, B. Kodeli, I. Koning, A. J. Leal, L. Lee, Y. O. Lestone, J. P. Lubitz, C. MacInnes, M. McNabb, D. McKnight, R. Moxon, M. Mughabghab, S. Noguere, G. Palmiotti, G. Plompen, A. Pritychenko, B. Pronyaev, V. Rochman, D. Romain, P. Roubtsov, D. Schillebeeckx, P. Salvatores, M. Simakov, S. Soukhovitskii, E. Sh. Sublet, J. C. Talou, P. Thompson, I. Trkov, A. Vogt, R. van der Marck, S. TI The CIELO Collaboration: Neutron Reactions on H-1, O-16, Fe-56, U-235,U-238, and Pu-239 SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-DATA LIBRARY; CROSS-SECTION MEASUREMENTS; PARTIAL-WAVE ANALYSIS; R-MATRIX ANALYSIS; SPONTANEOUS FISSION; LOS-ALAMOS; SPECTRA; ENDF/B-VII.1; JENDL-4.0; U-235 AB CIELO (Collaborative International Evaluated Library Organization) provides a new working paradigm to facilitate evaluated nuclear reaction data advances. It brings together experts from across the international nuclear reaction data community to identify and document discrepancies among existing evaluated data libraries, measured data, and model calculation interpretations, and aims to make progress in reconciling these discrepancies to create more accurate ENDF-formatted files. The focus will initially be on a small number of the highest-priority isotopes, namely H-1, O-16, Fe-56, U-235,U-238, and Pu-239. This paper identifies discrepancies between various evaluations of the highest priority isotopes, and was commissioned by the OECD's Nuclear Energy Agency WPEC (Working Party on International Nuclear Data Evaluation Co-operation) during a meeting held in May 2012. The evaluated data for these materials in the existing nuclear data libraries - ENDF/B-VII. 1, JEFF-3.1, JENDL-4.0, CENDL-3.1, ROSFOND, IRDFF 1.0 - are reviewed, discrepancies are identified, and some integral properties are given. The paper summarizes a program of nuclear science and computational work needed to create the new CIELO nuclear data evaluations. C1 [Chadwick, M. B.; Hale, G. M.; Jandel, M.; Jacqmin, R.; Kawano, T.; Kahler, A.; Kiedrowski, B.; Lestone, J. P.; MacInnes, M.; Talou, P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Dupont, E.] Nucl Energy Agcy, OECD, Issy Les Moulineaux, France. [Bauge, E.; Romain, P.] CEA, DAM Ile France, F-91297 Arpajon, France. [Blokhin, A.; Ignatyuk, A.; Pronyaev, V.] Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk, Russia. [Bouland, O.; De St Jean, C.; Salvatores, M.] CEA, Nucl Energy Div, Cadarache, St Paul Lez Dur, France. [Brown, D. A.; Herman, M.; Mughabghab, S.; Pritychenko, B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Capote, R.; Forrest, R. A.; Simakov, S.] IAEA, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Carlson, A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Danon, Y.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY USA. [Dunn, M.; Leal, L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Fischer, U.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Fukahori, T.; Ishikawa, M.; Iwamoto, N.; Iwamoto, O.; Kunieda, S.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan. [Ge, Z.] China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Grimes, S. M.] Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Kodeli, I.; Trkov, A.] Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Koning, A. J.; Rochman, D.; van der Marck, S.] Nucl Res & Consultancy Grp, Petten, Netherlands. [Lee, Y. O.] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Taejon, South Korea. [Lubitz, C.] Knolls Atom Power Lab, Schenectady, NY 12309 USA. [McNabb, D.; Thompson, I.; Vogt, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [McKnight, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Palmiotti, G.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. [Plompen, A.; Schillebeeckx, P.] EC JRC IRMM, Geel, Belgium. [Roubtsov, D.] AECL Res, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. [Soukhovitskii, E. Sh.] Joint Inst Energy & Nucl Res, Minsk, Byelarus. [Sublet, J. C.] Culham Ctr Fus Energy, Abingdon, Oxon, England. RP Chadwick, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mbchadwick@lanl.gov RI Capote Noy, Roberto/M-1245-2014; OI Capote Noy, Roberto/0000-0002-1799-3438; Rochman, Dimitri/0000-0002-5089-7034 FU National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Brookhaven National Laboratory [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Physics Department, University of California at Davis FX We thank P. Oblozinsky and A. Nichols for useful comments. This work was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396, at Brookhaven National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886, at Oak Ridge National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725, and at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. R. Vogt also acknowledges the Physics Department, University of California at Davis for support. NR 106 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 EI 1095-9904 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD APR PY 2014 VL 118 BP 1 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2014.04.002 PG 25 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA AY6WU UT WOS:000347704400001 ER PT J AU Carlson, AD Pronyaev, VG Capote, R Hambsch, FJ Kappeler, F Lederer, C Mannhart, W Mengoni, A Nelson, RO Plompen, AJM Schillebeeckx, P Simakov, S Talou, P Tagesen, S Vonach, H Vorobyev, A Wallner, A AF Carlson, A. D. Pronyaev, V. G. Capote, R. Hambsch, F. -J. Kaeppeler, F. Lederer, C. Mannhart, W. Mengoni, A. Nelson, R. O. Plompen, A. J. M. Schillebeeckx, P. Simakov, S. Talou, P. Tagesen, S. Vonach, H. Vorobyev, A. Wallner, A. TI Improvements and Extensions of the Neutron Cross Section and Fluence Standards SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-RANGE; CAPTURE; PARTICLE; SPECTRA; DETECTOR; U-238 AB Improvements have been made to the nuclear data standards largely as a result of an IAEA Data Development Project. The work includes the traditional activities related to standards, extending the energy ranges of some standards, and reference data that are not as well known as the standards but can be very useful in the measurements of certain types of cross sections. Also included is an effort to improve evaluations of U-235 thermal and Cf-252 spontaneous fission neutron spectra. C1 [Carlson, A. D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pronyaev, V. G.] Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk 249033, Kaluga Region, Russia. [Capote, R.; Simakov, S.] IAEA, NAPC Nucl Data Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Hambsch, F. -J.; Plompen, A. J. M.; Schillebeeckx, P.] EC JRC IRMM, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. [Kaeppeler, F.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Lederer, C.; Wallner, A.] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, Vera Lab, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Lederer, C.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Mannhart, W.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Mengoni, A.] Natl Agcy New Technol, Energy & Sustainable Econ Dev, Bologna, Italy. [Nelson, R. O.; Talou, P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Tagesen, S.; Vonach, H.] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Vorobyev, A.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina, Russia. [Wallner, A.] Australian Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Carlson, AD (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr STOP 8463, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carlson@nist.gov RI Capote Noy, Roberto/M-1245-2014; Mengoni, Alberto/I-1497-2012 OI Capote Noy, Roberto/0000-0002-1799-3438; Mengoni, Alberto/0000-0002-2537-0038 FU IAEA Nuclear Data Section; United States Department of Energy FX The support of the IAEA Nuclear Data Section and the United States Department of Energy in carrying out this work is appreciated. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 EI 1095-9904 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD APR PY 2014 VL 118 BP 126 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2014.04.017 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA AY6WU UT WOS:000347704400016 ER PT J AU Block, B Brette, F Cros, C Incardona, J Scholz, N AF Block, Barbara Brette, Fabien Cros, Caroline Incardona, John Scholz, Nathaniel TI Crude oil impairs cardiac excitation-contraction coupling in fish SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Incardona, John; Scholz, Nathaniel] NOAA, Seattle, WA USA. [Block, Barbara; Brette, Fabien; Cros, Caroline] Stanford Univ, Pacific Grove, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 EI 1530-6860 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2014 VL 28 IS 1 SU S MA 878.3 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA AX0OG UT WOS:000346651003135 ER PT J AU Bert, TM Arnold, WS Wilbur, AE Seyoum, S Mcmillen-Jackson, AL Stephenson, SP Weisberg, RH Yarbro, LA AF Bert, Theresa M. Arnold, William S. Wilbur, Ami E. Seyoum, Seifu Mcmillen-Jackson, Anne L. Stephenson, Sarah P. Weisberg, Robert H. Yarbro, Laura A. TI FLORIDA GULF BAY SCALLOP (ARGOPECTEN IRRADIANS CONCENTRICUS) POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE: FORM, VARIATION, AND INFLUENTIAL FACTORS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Argopecten irradians; bay scallop; external factors; fishery; Florida; Gulf of Mexico; metapopulation; population genetics; recruitment ID CRAB CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; MARINE LARVAL DISPERSAL; MEXICO COASTAL WATERS; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; OF-MEXICO; TAMPA-BAY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PECTEN-MAXIMUS AB Knowledge of changes in the interdependence of a species' populations for continued existence (connectivity) and of the forces driving connectivity patterns is critical for management and conservation of the species. Population genetics can be used to investigate population connectivity. Combining population genetics with climatic, environmental, and biological (external) factors that can influence population structure and connectivity can lead to a greater understanding of the forces influencing population dynamics. We deciphered the population genetic structure and connectivity patterns of bay scallops (Argopecten irradians concentricus Lamarck) from Florida Gulf of Mexico waters using allozyme-locus and mitochondrial DNA population genetics data from samples representing four consecutive generations. We evaluated bay scallop population genetic relationships within the context of habitat, hydrodynamic, and environmental variation, and concomitant spatial patterns in the abundance of adult and recently recruited scallops to infer the influence of these factors on bay scallop population structure. Florida Gulf bay scallops form a hierarchical, mixed-model, source-sink metapopulation with intergenerational variation in connectivity that seems to be influenced by the factors we considered. An El Nino event that occurred during 1 y caused climatic and environmental change that greatly reduced subpopulation connectivity, allowing us to understand more completely the potential relative importance of the other external factors on change in metapopulation connectivity over time. Our study illustrates the value of using multiple genetic markers, sampling for multiple years, and integrating data from multiple external factors for understanding the population genetic structure of species for adaptive management. C1 [Bert, Theresa M.; Seyoum, Seifu; Mcmillen-Jackson, Anne L.; Stephenson, Sarah P.; Yarbro, Laura A.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Arnold, William S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Wilbur, Ami E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. [Wilbur, Ami E.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. [Weisberg, Robert H.] Univ S Florida, Sch Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Bert, TM (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM theresa.bert@myfwc.com FU NOAA [NA76FK0426, FWC 2234]; state of Florida FX We thank the FWRI scientists who assisted with the work involved obtaining the data for this article, especially the Molluscan Research group for field sampling and data processing; L. Barbieri, K. Lorenzen, J. Stevely, and anonymous reviewers for providing advice that greatly improved the manuscript; and S. Geiger for providing references and information on subpopulation current abundances. We especially recognize J. Boyett and K. Wanson for diligence in obtaining obscure literature. Red tide data were extracted from the Florida Harmful Algal Bloom Database maintained by FWRI staff. The bay scallop research was funded by NOAA grant NA76FK0426, project FWC 2234, and the state of Florida. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. NR 238 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2014 VL 33 IS 1 BP 99 EP 136 DI 10.2983/035.033.0112 PG 38 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AQ3KX UT WOS:000342693300012 ER PT J AU Long, WC Cummiskey, PA Munk, JE AF Long, W. Christopher Cummiskey, Peter A. Munk, J. Eric TI Effects of ghost fishing on the population of red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) in Womens Bay, Kodiak Island, Alaska SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BLUE CRABS; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; PORTUNUS-PELAGICUS; NORTHWEST STRAITS; PUGET-SOUND; CATCHES; TRAPS; NETS; POTS; CANNIBALISM AB Ghost fishing, the capture and killing of marine organisms by lost or abandoned fishing gear, is a serious ecological and economic problem confronting fisheries. In this study, we quantify the rate of ghost fishing on the population of red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) in Womens Bay, Kodiak Island, Alaska. From 1991 to 2008, crabs with carapace lengths (CLs) from 42 to 162 mm were tagged with acoustic tags and tracked both from a boat at the surface and by divers. Diver observations were used to determine whether a crab molted or died and, in many cases, to determine the cause of death. Of 192 crabs tracked during this study in association with other projects, 13 were killed in ghostfishing gear (12 in ghost crab pots and 1 in a ghost gill net) and 20 were captured in ghost pots and released alive by divers. An additional 13 died of other causes, including predation by sea otters and an octopus and poaching by humans. We estimate that between 16% and 37% of the population of red king crab with CLs >60 mm in Womens Bay were killed by ghost fishing per year during the period of this study, making ghost fishing a substantial source of mortality. These results indicate that steps to reduce ghost fishing in Womens Bay are warranted. C1 [Long, W. Christopher; Munk, J. Eric] NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Kodiak Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Sc, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Long, WC (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Kodiak Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Sc, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM chris.long@noaa.gov RI Long, William/C-7074-2009 OI Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245 NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 29 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR-JUL PY 2014 VL 112 IS 2-3 BP 101 EP 111 DI 10.7755/FB.112.2-3.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AM7XE UT WOS:000340081200001 ER PT J AU Clemento, AJ Crandall, ED Garza, JC AF Clemento, Anthony J. Crandall, Eric D. Garza, John Carlos TI Evaluation of a single nucleotide polymorphism baseline for genetic stock identification of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the California Current large marine ecosystem SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MINISATELLITE DNA VARIATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CENTRAL VALLEY; ADIPOSE FIN; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; PACIFIC SALMON; CHUM SALMON; SCALE AB Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) is an economically and ecologically important species, and populations from the west coast of North America are a major component of fisheries in the North Pacific Ocean. The anadromous life history strategy of this species generates populations (or stocks) that typically are differentiated from neighboring populations. In many cases, it is desirable to discern the stock of origin of an individual fish or the stock composition of a mixed sample to monitor the stock-specific effects of anthropogenic impacts and alter management strategies accordingly. Genetic stock identification (GSI) provides such discrimination, and we describe here a novel GSI baseline composed of genotypes from more than 8000 individual fish from 69 distinct populations at 96 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci. The populations included in this baseline represent the likely sources for more than 99% of the salmon encountered in ocean fisheries of California and Oregon. This new genetic baseline permits GSI with the use of rapid and cost-effective SNP genotyping, and power analyses indicate that it provides very accurate identification of important stocks of Chinook Salmon. In an ocean fishery sample, GSI assignments of more than 1000 fish, with our baseline, were highly concordant (98.95%) at the reporting unit level with information from the physical tags recovered from the same fish. This SNP baseline represents an important advance in the technologies available to managers and researchers of this species. C1 [Clemento, Anthony J.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Clemento, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. OI Crandall, Eric/0000-0001-8580-3651 FU NOAA's Cooperative Fisheries Research Program; SWFSC; California Bay Delta Science Fellowship; University of California Coastal Environmental Quality Initiative FX The authors would like to thank the entire Molecular Ecology and Genetic Analysis Team in the Fisheries Ecology Division of the Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC) for their invaluable assistance with genotyping and analyses. Of critical importance to the successful completion of this project were the baseline samples provided to us by the California Department of Fish and Game (now Wildlife; S. Harris), Hoopa Valley Tribal Fisheries Department (G. Kautsky), Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Oregon State University Department of Fisheries and Wildlife (M. Banks), Idaho Department of Fish and Game (M. Campbell), Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission (S. Narum), NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center (P. Moran), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (M. Brown, D. Hawkins, and C. Smith), Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (S. Blankenship and K. Warheit), University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Science (L. Seeb), Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada (T. Beacham), and Alaska Department of Fish and Game (W. Templin). Fishery samples were collected by the California Department of Fish and Game (now Wildlife) and provided to us by M. Heisdorf and M. Palmer-Zwahlen. We also thank T. Beacham and 2 anonymous referees for comments that improved the manuscript. This project received funding from NOAA's Cooperative Fisheries Research Program and the SWFSC. A. Clemento also received support from a California Bay Delta Science Fellowship and the University of California Coastal Environmental Quality Initiative. Many of the baseline samples were collected and DNA extracted with funds from the Pacific Salmon Commission. NR 69 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 19 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR-JUL PY 2014 VL 112 IS 2-3 BP 112 EP 130 DI 10.7755/FB.112.2-3.2 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AM7XE UT WOS:000340081200002 ER PT J AU Stehlik, LL Pessutti, J Rosendale, J Phelan, B AF Stehlik, Linda L. Pessutti, Jeff Rosendale, John Phelan, Beth TI Residence time and habitat duration for predators in a small mid-Atlantic estuary SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID FLOUNDER PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; BLUEFISH POMATOMUS-SALTATRIX; JUVENILE WINTER FLOUNDER; MIGRATORY STRIPED BASS; SOUTHERN NEW-JERSEY; ACOUSTIC TELEMETRY; FISH RECRUITMENT; MORONE-SAXATILIS; EAST-COAST; DYNAMICS AB Residence times of individual fishes should reflect the durations over which habitat resources support survival, metabolic maintenance, and adequate growth. From May to October in 2006 and 2007, we measured residencies of ultrasonically tagged age-1+ Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis; n=46), age-0 and age-1+ Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix; n=45 and 35) and age-1+ Weakfish (Cynoscion regalis; n=41) in a small estuarine tributary in New Jersey with 32 ultrasonic receivers to monitor movements and sensors to measure habitat resources. Striped Bass and age-1+ Bluefish used the estuary for medians of 9.5 days (d) (max=58 d) and 22 d (max=88 d), and age-0 Bluefish and Weakfish were resident for medians of 30 d (max=52 d) and 41 d (max=88 d), respectively. Small individuals <500 mm TL were likely to remain in the estuary longer at warmer temperatures than were large individuals. Size-dependent temperature responses were similar to optimal temperatures for growth reported in previous studies. Freshwater discharge also influenced residence time. All species were likely to remain in the estuary until freshwater discharge rates fell to a value associated with the transition of the estuarine state from a partially to fully mixed state. This transition weakens flows into the upstream salt front where prey concentrations usually are high. Time of estuarine residence appeared to be regulated by temperatures that controlled scopes for growth and the indirect effects of freshwater discharge on prey productivity and concentration. Changes in the seasonal phenology of temperature, precipitation, and human water use could alter the durations over which small estuarine tributaries serve as suitable habitats. C1 [Stehlik, Linda L.; Pessutti, Jeff; Rosendale, John; Phelan, Beth] NOAA, Behav Ecol Branch, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,James J Howard Marine, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Stehlik, LL (reprint author), NOAA, Behav Ecol Branch, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,James J Howard Marine, 74 Magruder Rd, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 16 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR-JUL PY 2014 VL 112 IS 2-3 BP 144 EP 158 DI 10.7755/FB.112.2-3.4 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AM7XE UT WOS:000340081200004 ER PT J AU Henderson, EE Forney, KA Barlow, JP Hildebrand, JA Douglas, AB Calambokidis, J Sydeman, WJ AF Henderson, E. Elizabeth Forney, Karin A. Barlow, Jay P. Hildebrand, John A. Douglas, Annie B. Calambokidis, John Sydeman, William J. TI Effects of fluctuations in sea-surface temperature on the occurrence of small cetaceans off Southern California SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CURRENT SYSTEM; CURRENT ECOSYSTEM; COMMON DOLPHINS; MARINE MAMMALS; REGIME SHIFTS; ABUNDANCE; OCEAN; VARIABILITY AB The link between ocean temperature and spatial and temporal distribution patterns of 8 species of small cetaceans off Southern California was examined during the period 1979-2009. Averages and anomalies of sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) were used as proxies for SST fluctuations on 3 temporal scales: seasonal, El Nino-Southern Oscillations (ENSO), and Pacific Decadal Oscillations (PDO). The hypothesis that cetacean species assemblages and habitat associations in southern California waters co-vary with these periodic changes in SST was tested by using generalized additive models. Seasonal SST averages were included as a predictor in the models for Dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli), and common dolphins (Delphinus spp.), northern right whale dolphin (Lissodelphis borealis), and Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus). The ENSO index was included as a predictor for northern right whale, long-beaked common (Delphinus capensis), and Risso's dolphins. The PDO index was selected as a predictor for Dall's porpoise and Pacific white-sided (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens), common, and bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus) dolphins. A metric of bathymetric depth was included in every model, and seafloor slope was included in 5 of the 9 models, an indication of a distinctive spatial distribution for each species that may represent niche or resource partitioning in a region where multiple species have overlapping ranges. Temporal changes in distribution are likely a response to changes in prey abundance or dispersion, and these patterns associated with SST variation may foreshadow future, more permanent shifts in distribution range that are due to global climate change. C1 [Henderson, E. Elizabeth; Hildebrand, John A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Forney, Karin A.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Barlow, Jay P.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Douglas, Annie B.; Calambokidis, John] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Henderson, EE (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, 2240 Shelter Island Dr,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM elizabeth.henderson@nmmpfoundation.org NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 71 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR-JUL PY 2014 VL 112 IS 2-3 BP 159 EP 177 DI 10.7755/FB.112.2-3.5 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AM7XE UT WOS:000340081200005 ER PT J AU Calambokidis, J Munger, LM Soldevilla, MS Ferguson, MC Havron, AM Camachots, DL Campbell, GS Hildebrand, JA AF Calambokidis, John Munger, Lisa M. Soldevilla, Melissa S. Ferguson, Megan C. Havron, Andrea M. Camachots, Dominique L. Campbell, Greg S. Hildebrand, John A. TI Seasonal distribution and abundance of cetaceans off Southern California estimated from CalCOFI cruise data from 2004 to 2008 SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; BLUE WHALES; HUMPBACK WHALES; AERIAL SURVEYS; HARBOR PORPOISE; COMMON DOLPHIN; DELPHINUS; COASTAL; WASHINGTON AB Documenting year-round diversity and distribution of marine mammals off Southern California is important for assessment of effects of potentially harmful anthropogenic activities. Although the waters off Southern California have been surveyed extensively for marine mammals over the past 18 years, such surveys have been periodic and were conducted primarily from summer to fall, thereby missing potential seasonal shifts. We examined seasonal abundance and population density of cetaceans off Southern California from 16 shipboard line-transect surveys conducted quarterly during 2004-08. The study area consisted of 238,494 km(2) of coastal, shelf, and pelagic oceanic habitat from near-shore waters to 700 km offshore. Based on 693 encounters of 20 cetacean species, abundance estimates by seasonal period (summer-fall or winter spring) and depth (shallow: <2000.5 m; deep: >= 2000.5 m) were determined for the 11 most commonly encountered species. The following are values of uncorrected density (individuals/1000 km(2), coefficients of variation in parentheses) for the seasonal period and depth with greatest density for a selection of the species in this study: blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus), summer-fall, shallow, 3.2 (0.26); fin whale (B. physalus), summer-fall, shallow, 3.7 (0.30); humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), summer-fall, shallow, 3.1 (0.36); short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis), summer-fall, shallow, 1319.7 (0.24); long-beaked common dolphin (D. capensis), summer-fall, shallow, 687.9 (0.52); and Dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli), winter-spring, deep, 48.65 (0.28). Seasonally, density varied significantly by depth for humpback whales, fin whales, and Pacific white-sided dolphins. C1 [Calambokidis, John; Havron, Andrea M.; Camachots, Dominique L.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Munger, Lisa M.; Soldevilla, Melissa S.; Campbell, Greg S.; Hildebrand, John A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Soldevilla, Melissa S.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Ferguson, Megan C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Havron, Andrea M.; Camachots, Dominique L.] Spatial Ecosyst, Olympia, WA 98507 USA. RP Calambokidis, J (reprint author), Cascadia Res Collect, 218 1-2 West Fourth Ave, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX F. Stone, E. Young, and L. Petitpas and the Office of Naval Research provided funding and project management. We appreciate the efforts of all who were involved in the CalCOFI surveys in 2004-08: the captains and crews of the New Horizon, David Starr Jordan, and Roger Revelle and the scientists, especially D. Wolgast, J. Wilkinson, A. Hays, R. Baird, S. Yin, M. Smith, A. Miller, L. Morse, V. Iriarte, E. Vazquez, N. Rubio, K. Merkens, J. Burtenshaw, E. Oleson, and E. Henderson. We also thank K. Forney and R. Baird for manuscript review. Finally, the authors would like to honor S. Claussen, whose presence and laughter is greatly missed. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 28 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR-JUL PY 2014 VL 112 IS 2-3 BP 198 EP 220 DI 10.7755/FB.112.2-3.7 PG 23 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AM7XE UT WOS:000340081200007 ER PT J AU Liu, YH Key, JR AF Liu, Yinghui Key, Jeffrey R. TI Less winter cloud aids summer 2013 Arctic sea ice return from 2012 minimum SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Arctic; sea ice; cloud ID RADIATION PROPERTIES; RECENT TRENDS; PART II; SURFACE; MODIS; AMPLIFICATION; CALIPSO; SIMULATIONS; DATASET; MODELS AB In September 2012, Arctic sea ice cover reached a record minimum for the satellite era. The following winter the sea ice quickly returned, carrying through to the summer when ice extent was 48% greater than the same time in 2012. Most of this rebound in the ice cover was in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, areas experiencing the greatest decline in sea ice over the last three decades. A variety of factors, including ice dynamics, oceanic and atmospheric heat transport, wind, and solar insolation anomalies, may have contributed to the rebound. Here we show that another factor, below-average Arctic cloud cover in January-February 2013, resulted in a more strongly negative surface radiation budget, cooling the surface and allowing for greater ice growth. More thick ice was observed in March 2013 relative to March 2012 in the western Arctic Ocean, and the areas of ice growth estimated from the negative cloud cover anomaly and advected from winter to summer with ice drift data, correspond well with the September ice concentration anomaly pattern. Therefore, decreased wintertime cloud cover appears to have played an important role in the return of the sea ice cover the following summer, providing a partial explanation for large year-to-year variations in an otherwise decreasing Arctic sea ice cover. C1 [Liu, Yinghui] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Key, Jeffrey R.] NOAA NESDIS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Liu, YH (reprint author), CIMSS, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM yinghui.liu@ssec.wisc.edu RI Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010 OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050 FU NOAA National Climatic Data Center (NCDC); Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Program Office FX This work was supported by the NOAA National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) and the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Program Office. We are grateful to the German CryoSat Office of the Alfred Wegener Institute (www.meereisportal.de/cryosat) for providing their preliminary ice thickness estimates to the scientific community for evaluation. We thank R Stone for valuable discussions on this work, and for his analysis of data from the NOAA Baseline Observatory at Barrow. We also thank M Tschudi for providing the 2013 Polar Pathfinder daily 25 km EASE-Grid sea ice motion data. The MODIS data used in this study were acquired as part of the NASA's Earth-Sun System Division and archived and distributed by the MODIS Adaptive Processing System (MODAPS). The CALIPSO data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 60 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD APR PY 2014 VL 9 IS 4 AR 044002 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/9/4/044002 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AK9XD UT WOS:000338781000003 ER PT J AU Cunningham, KA Hayes, SA Rub, AMW Reichmuth, C AF Cunningham, Kane A. Hayes, Sean A. Rub, A. Michelle Wargo Reichmuth, Colleen TI Auditory detection of ultrasonic coded transmitters by seals and sea lions SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; PHOCA-VITULINA; UNDERWATER AUDIOGRAM; DETECTION THRESHOLDS; HEARING THRESHOLDS; OCEAN MEASUREMENTS; TONAL SIGNALS; HARBOR SEAL; FREQUENCY; ABSORPTION AB Ultrasonic coded transmitters (UCTs) are high-frequency acoustic tags that are often used to conduct survivorship studies of vulnerable fish species. Recent observations of differential mortality in tag control studies suggest that fish instrumented with UCTs may be selectively targeted by marine mammal predators, thereby skewing valuable survivorship data. In order to better understand the ability of pinnipeds to detect UCT outputs, behavioral high-frequency hearing thresholds were obtained from a trained harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) and a trained California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Thresholds were measured for extended (500 ms) and brief (10 ms) 69 kHz narrow-band stimuli, as well as for a stimulus recorded directly from a Vemco V16-3H UCT, which consisted of eight 10 ms, 69 kHz pure-tone pulses. Detection thresholds for the harbor seal were as expected based on existing audiometric data for this species, while the California sea lion was much more sensitive than predicted. Given measured detection thresholds of 113 dB re 1 mu Pa and 124 dB re 1 mu Pa, respectively, both species are likely able to detect acoustic outputs of the Vemco V16-3H under water from distances exceeding 200m in typical natural conditions, suggesting that these species are capable of using UCTs to detect free-ranging fish. (C) 2014 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Cunningham, Kane A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hayes, Sean A.; Rub, A. Michelle Wargo] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Reichmuth, Colleen] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Cunningham, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Dept Ocean Sci, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM kaacunni@ucsc.edu FU Packard Endowment for Ocean Science and Technology at the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) FX This research was supported by the Packard Endowment for Ocean Science and Technology at the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC). Animal research was conducted with the approval of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at UCSC, and was authorized by the National Marine Fisheries Service, under Marine Mammal Permit 14535 to C. R. No animals were harmed in this study. We thank Dr. Jack Terhune for his helpful comments, which improved this manuscript, and the entire research team at the Pinniped Cognition and Sensory Systems Laboratory at UCSC for their participation in this project. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2014 VL 135 IS 4 BP 1978 EP 1985 DI 10.1121/1.4868371 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA AK3EX UT WOS:000338307200038 PM 25234996 ER PT J AU Murphy, DM Froyd, KD Schwarz, JP Wilson, JC AF Murphy, D. M. Froyd, K. D. Schwarz, J. P. Wilson, J. C. TI Observations of the chemical composition of stratospheric aerosol particles SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE aerosol composition; stratosphere; meteors ID TROPICAL UPPER TROPOSPHERE; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; AIRCRAFT EMISSIONS; OZONE DEPLETION; NORTHERN MIDLATITUDES; SULFATE PARTICLES; SULFURIC-ACID; COSMIC DUST; SPECTRA; SOLAR AB Recent instrumentation can distinguish various types of aerosol particles in the stratosphere and determine their relative abundance. In the background lower stratosphere between major volcanic eruptions, most particles are either relatively pure sulphuric acid, sulphuric acid with material from ablated meteoroids or mixed organic-sulphate particles that originated in the troposphere. The meteoritic iron and magnesium appear to be dissolved whereas the aluminum and silicon appear to be inclusions. Most stratospheric aerosol mass is liquid sulphuric acid and associated water, but a large fraction of particles contain either inclusions of meteoritic elements such as silicon or organic material that is probably effloresced or glassy. These solid phases could have large but unknown implications for the ability of particles to act as freezing nuclei for polar stratospheric clouds. Internally mixed black carbon is a measurable but very small component of the stratospheric aerosol by mass. Despite their importance for heterogeneous chemistry, there are few quantitative measurements of halogens in stratospheric particles. C1 [Murphy, D. M.; Froyd, K. D.; Schwarz, J. P.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Froyd, K. D.; Schwarz, J. P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wilson, J. C.] Univ Denver, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Murphy, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM daniel.m.murphy@noaa.gov RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; NR 95 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 50 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2014 VL 140 IS 681 BP 1269 EP 1278 DI 10.1002/qj.2213 PN B PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ4ED UT WOS:000337623500012 ER PT J AU Baker, WE Atlas, R Cardinali, C Clement, A Emmitt, GD Gentry, BM Hardesty, RM Kallen, E Kavaya, MJ Langland, R Ma, ZZ Masutani, M McCarty, W Pierce, RB Pu, ZX Riishojgaard, LP Ryan, J Tucker, S Weissmann, M Yoe, JG AF Baker, Wayman E. Atlas, Robert Cardinali, Carla Clement, Amy Emmitt, George D. Gentry, Bruce M. Hardesty, R. Michael Kaellen, Erland Kavaya, Michael J. Langland, Rolf Ma, Zaizhong Masutani, Michiko McCarty, Will Pierce, R. Bradley Pu, Zhaoxia Riishojgaard, Lars Peter Ryan, James Tucker, Sara Weissmann, Martin Yoe, James G. TI LIDAR-MEASURED WIND PROFILES The Missing Link in the Global Observing System SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; INCOHERENT DOPPLER LIDAR; OBSERVATION IMPACT; AIRBORNE DEMONSTRATOR; SPECTRAL ANALYZER; ERA-40 REANALYSIS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; EDGE TECHNIQUE; SOLID-STATE C1 [Baker, Wayman E.] NOAA, Mchenry, MD USA. [Atlas, Robert] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Cardinali, Carla; Kaellen, Erland] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Clement, Amy] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Emmitt, George D.] Simpson Weather Associates, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Gentry, Bruce M.; McCarty, Will] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Hardesty, R. Michael] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kavaya, Michael J.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Langland, Rolf] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Riishojgaard, Lars Peter] World Meteorol Org, Geneva, Switzerland. [Ma, Zaizhong; Yoe, James G.] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, College Pk, MD USA. [Masutani, Michiko] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Madison, WI USA. [Pu, Zhaoxia] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Ryan, James] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Tucker, Sara] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA. [Weissmann, Martin] Univ Munich, Hans Ertel Ctr Weather Res, Munich, Germany. RP Baker, WE (reprint author), 253 Gleanings Dr, Mchenry, MD 21541 USA. EM wayman.baker@gmail.com RI Weissmann, Martin/C-9084-2013; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560; FU Earth Science Division at NASA headquarters; NASA Earth Science Technology Office at the Goddard Space Flight Center; SWA; German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development FX The authors thank Dr. Ramesh Kakar of the Earth Science Division at NASA headquarters and Dr. George Komar of the NASA Earth Science Technology Office at the Goddard Space Flight Center for supporting research with DWL data, including airborne campaigns, and funding hardware risk reduction studies to advance the readiness of the DWL technology for space. The authors thank Dr. John Cortinas and NOAA's Office of Weather and Air Quality for contributing to the support for DWL OSSEs through NOAA's OSSE Testbed. The expert assistance of Paul Berrisford of ECMWF is sincerely acknowledged. Sidney Wood and Steven Greco of Simpson Weather Associates (SWA) are acknowledged for their dedication to producing simulated space-based DWL observations used in the OSSEs and processing and analyzing data from the U.S. Navy's airborne DWL. Funding for manuscript preparation and submission was provided by SWA. M. Weissmann is part of the Hans-Ertel Centre for Weather Research, a network of universities, research institutes, and Deutscher Wetterdienst funded by the German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development. NR 131 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2014 VL 95 IS 4 BP 543 EP 564 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00164.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI8MK UT WOS:000337170300006 ER PT J AU Monaldo, FM Li, XF Pichel, WG Jackson, CR AF Monaldo, Frank M. Li, Xiaofeng Pichel, William G. Jackson, Christopher R. TI OCEAN WIND SPEED CLIMATOLOGY FROM SPACEBORNE SAR IMAGERY SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTIONS; FARMS C1 [Monaldo, Frank M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, GST, College Pk, MD USA. [Pichel, William G.] NOAA, College Pk, MD USA. [Jackson, Christopher R.] Global Ocean Associates, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Monaldo, FM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM frank.monaldo@jhuapl.edu RI Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2014 VL 95 IS 4 BP 565 EP 569 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00165.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI8MK UT WOS:000337170300007 ER PT J AU Wuebbles, D Meehl, G Hayhoe, K Karl, TR Kunkel, K Santer, B Wehner, M Colle, B Fischer, EM Fu, R Goodman, A Janssen, E Kharin, V Lee, H Li, WH Long, LN Olsen, SC Pan, ZT Seth, A Sheffield, J Sun, LQ AF Wuebbles, Donald Meehl, Gerald Hayhoe, Katharine Karl, Thomas R. Kunkel, Kenneth Santer, Benjamin Wehner, Michael Colle, Brian Fischer, Erich M. Fu, Rong Goodman, Alex Janssen, Emily Kharin, Viatcheslav Lee, Huikyo Li, Wenhong Long, Lindsey N. Olsen, Seth C. Pan, Zaitao Seth, Anji Sheffield, Justin Sun, Liqiang TI CMIP5 CLIMATE MODEL ANALYSES Climate Extremes in the United States SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; PRECIPITATION EXTREMES; SIMULATIONS; TRENDS; UNCERTAINTIES; TEMPERATURE; KNOWLEDGE; TRACKING; EVENTS C1 [Wuebbles, Donald; Goodman, Alex; Janssen, Emily; Lee, Huikyo; Olsen, Seth C.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Meehl, Gerald] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Hayhoe, Katharine] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Karl, Thomas R.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth; Sun, Liqiang] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. [Santer, Benjamin] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Wehner, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Colle, Brian] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Fischer, Erich M.] ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. [Fu, Rong] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Li, Wenhong] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. [Kharin, Viatcheslav] Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Long, Lindsey N.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Long, Lindsey N.] Wyle Labs, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Pan, Zaitao] St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Seth, Anji] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA. [Sheffield, Justin] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Wuebbles, D (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM wuebbles@illinois.edu RI Fischer, Erich/B-6067-2011; Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011 OI Fischer, Erich/0000-0003-1931-6737; FU NASA [NNX12AF32G]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the Department of Energy Office of Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF [AGS-1147608]; NOAA [NA11OAR4310097]; NOAA Climate Program Office Modeling, Analysis, Predictions and Projections (MAPP) Program as part of the CMIP5 Task Force [NA11OAR4310104]; NOAA NESDIS through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina [NA09NES4400006] FX This work was supported in part by NASA Award NNX12AF32G (University of Illinois), from the Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program and the Earth System Modeling Program of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the Department of Energy Office of Science under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 (LBL), from NSF Grant AGS-1147608 (Duke), and by NOAA Award NA11OAR4310097 (Princeton University). We also acknowledge the support of NOAA Climate Program Office Modeling, Analysis, Predictions and Projections (MAPP) Program as part of the CMIP5 Task Force under Grant NA11OAR4310104 (Stony Brook) and NOAA NESDIS through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement NA09NES4400006. NR 48 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 8 U2 56 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2014 VL 95 IS 4 BP 571 EP 583 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00172.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI8MK UT WOS:000337170300008 ER PT J AU Kirtman, BP Min, D Infanti, JM Kinter, JL Paolino, DA Zhang, Q van den Dool, H Saha, S Mendez, MP Becker, E Peng, PT Tripp, P Huang, J DeWitt, DG Tippett, MK Barnston, AG Li, SH Rosati, A Schubert, SD Rienecker, M Suarez, M Li, ZE Marshak, J Lim, YK Tribbia, J Pegion, K Merryfield, WJ Denis, B Wood, EF AF Kirtman, Ben P. Min, Dughong Infanti, Johnna M. Kinter, James L., III Paolino, Daniel A. Zhang, Qin van den Dool, Huug Saha, Suranjana Mendez, Malaquias Pena Becker, Emily Peng, Peitao Tripp, Patrick Huang, Jin DeWitt, David G. Tippett, Michael K. Barnston, Anthony G. Li, Shuhua Rosati, Anthony Schubert, Siegfried D. Rienecker, Michele Suarez, Max Li, Zhao E. Marshak, Jelena Lim, Young-Kwon Tribbia, Joseph Pegion, Kathleen Merryfield, William J. Denis, Bertrand Wood, Eric F. TI THE NORTH AMERICAN MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLE Phase-1 Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction; Phase-2 toward Developing Intraseasonal Prediction SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; FORECAST SYSTEM; ENSO PREDICTION; CLIMATE; MODEL; IMPACT; SKILL; PROBABILITY; CALIBRATION C1 [Kirtman, Ben P.; Min, Dughong; Infanti, Johnna M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Kinter, James L., III; Paolino, Daniel A.] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD USA. [Zhang, Qin; van den Dool, Huug; Saha, Suranjana; Mendez, Malaquias Pena; Becker, Emily; Peng, Peitao; Tripp, Patrick; Huang, Jin] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. [DeWitt, David G.; Tippett, Michael K.; Barnston, Anthony G.; Li, Shuhua] Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY USA. [Tippett, Michael K.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Meteorol, Ctr Excellence Climate Change Res, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. [Rosati, Anthony] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Schubert, Siegfried D.; Rienecker, Michele; Suarez, Max; Li, Zhao E.; Marshak, Jelena; Lim, Young-Kwon] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Tribbia, Joseph] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Pegion, Kathleen] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Merryfield, William J.; Denis, Bertrand] Environm Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada. [Wood, Eric F.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Kirtman, BP (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM bkirtman@rsmas.miami.edu RI Tippett, Michael/C-6286-2011 OI Tippett, Michael/0000-0002-7790-5364 FU NOAA MAPP program; NOAA MAPP; NSF; NASA; DOE FX The phase-1 NMME project was supported by the NOAA MAPP program, and the phase-2 NMME project is support by NOAA MAPP, NSF, NASA, and the DOE. NR 34 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 4 U2 35 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2014 VL 95 IS 4 BP 585 EP 601 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00050.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI8MK UT WOS:000337170300009 ER PT J AU Sivakumar, MVK Wilhite, DA Pulwarty, RS Stefanski, R AF Sivakumar, M. V. K. Wilhite, Donald A. Pulwarty, Roger S. Stefanski, Robert TI THE HIGH-LEVEL MEETING ON NATIONAL DROUGHT POLICY SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Sivakumar, M. V. K.; Stefanski, Robert] World Meteorol Org, Geneva, Switzerland. [Wilhite, Donald A.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pulwarty, Roger S.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wilhite, DA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, 3310 Holdrege St,Rm 811, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM dwilhite2@unl.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2014 VL 95 IS 4 BP ES85 EP ES88 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00159.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI8MK UT WOS:000337170300002 ER PT J AU Li, Z Yang, DW Hong, Y Zhang, J Qi, YC AF Li, Zhe Yang, Dawen Hong, Yang Zhang, Jian Qi, Youcun TI Characterizing Spatiotemporal Variations of Hourly Rainfall by Gauge and Radar in the Mountainous Three Gorges Region SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION ESTIMATION; SMALL-SCALE RAINFALL; COMPLEX TERRAIN; DAM; VARIABILITY; SEASON; METHODOLOGY; PATTERNS; RUNOFF; MODELS AB Understanding spatiotemporal rainfall patterns in mountainous areas is of great importance for prevention of natural disasters such as flash floods and landslides. There is little knowledge about rainfall variability over historically underobserved complex terrains, however, and especially about the variations of hourly rainfall. In this study, the spatiotemporal variations of hourly rainfall in the Three Gorges region (TGR) of China are investigated with gauge and newly available radar data. The spatial pattern of hourly rainfall has been examined by a number of statistics, and they all show that the rainfall variations are time-scale and location dependent. In general, the northern TGR receives more-intense and longer-duration rainfall than do other parts of the TGR, and short-duration storms could occur in most of the TGR. For temporal variations, the summer diurnal cycle shifts from a morning peak in the west to a late-afternoon peak in the east while a mixed pattern of two peaks exists in the middle. In statistical terms, empirical model-based estimation indicates that the correlation scale of hourly rainfall is about 40 km. Further investigation shows that the correlation distance varies with season, from 30 km in the warm season to 60 km in the cold season. In addition, summer rainstorms extracted from radar rainfall data are characterized by short duration (6-8 h) and highly localized patterns (5-17 and 13-36km in the minor and major directions, respectively). Overall, this research provides quantitative information about the rainfall regime in the TGR and shows that the combination of gauge and radar data is useful for characterizing the spatiotemporal pattern of storm rainfall over complex terrain. C1 [Li, Zhe; Yang, Dawen] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hong, Yang] Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Zhang, Jian] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Qi, Youcun] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Qi, Youcun] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Qi, Youcun] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Atmospher Sci, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Yang, DW (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Rm 312,New Hydraul Engn Bldg, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM yangdw@tsinghua.edu.cn RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar project [51025931]; State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering [sklhse-2010-A-03]; State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather in China [sklhse-2010-A-03]; Tsinghua Scholarship for Overseas Graduate Studies FX This research was supported by the National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar project (Project 51025931) and the joint research project (sklhse-2010-A-03) funded by the State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather in China. The first author was also partially supported by the Tsinghua Scholarship for Overseas Graduate Studies. The first author thanks the Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing Laboratory (HyDROS Lab; http://hydro.ou.edu) at the National Weather Center in Norman, Oklahoma, for its support during his visits and acknowledges Manabendra Saharia for his language editing, which has greatly improved this paper. The authors thank the three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 53 IS 4 BP 873 EP 889 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0277.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH9GG UT WOS:000336449300006 ER PT J AU Kneifel, S Redl, S Orlandi, E Lohnert, U Cadeddu, MP Turner, DD Chen, MT AF Kneifel, Stefan Redl, Stephanie Orlandi, Emiliano Loehnert, Ulrich Cadeddu, Maria P. Turner, David D. Chen, Ming-Tang TI Absorption Properties of Supercooled Liquid Water between 31 and 225 GHz: Evaluation of Absorption Models Using Ground-Based Observations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLOUD LIQUID; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; ICE; PERMITTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; THZ; FREQUENCIES; RETRIEVAL; VAPOR AB Microwave radiometers (MWR) are commonly used to quantify the amount of supercooled liquid water (SLW) in clouds; however, the accuracy of the SLW retrievals is limited by the poor knowledge of the SLW dielectric properties at microwave frequencies. Six liquid water permittivity models were compared with ground-based MWR observations between 31 and 225 GHz from sites in Greenland, the German Alps, and a low-mountain site; average cloud temperatures of observed thin cloud layers range from 0 degrees to -33 degrees C. A recently published method to derive ratios of liquid water opacity from different frequencies was employed in this analysis. These ratios are independent of liquid water path and equal to the ratio of alpha(L) at those frequencies that can be directly compared with the permittivity model predictions. The observed opacity ratios from all sites show highly consistent results that are generally within the range of model predictions; however, none of the models are able to approximate the observations over the entire frequency and temperature range. Findings in earlier published studies were used to select one specific model as a reference model for alpha(L) at 90 GHz; together with the observed opacity ratios, the temperature dependence of alpha(L) at 31.4, 52.28, 150, and 225 GHz was derived. The results reveal that two models fit the opacity ratio data better than the other four models, with one of the two models fitting the data better for frequencies below 90GHz and the other for higher frequencies. These findings are relevant for SLW retrievals and radiative transfer in the 31-225-GHz frequency region. C1 [Kneifel, Stefan; Redl, Stephanie] Univ Cologne, Climate Monitoring Branch, Hans Ertel Ctr Weather Res, D-50969 Cologne, Germany. [Kneifel, Stefan; Orlandi, Emiliano; Loehnert, Ulrich] Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, D-50969 Cologne, Germany. [Cadeddu, Maria P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Chen, Ming-Tang] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. RP Kneifel, S (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, Pohligstr 3, D-50969 Cologne, Germany. EM skneifel@meteo.uni-koeln.de RI Lohnert, Ulrich/C-3303-2013; Kneifel, Stefan/A-2044-2015 OI Lohnert, Ulrich/0000-0002-9023-0269; Kneifel, Stefan/0000-0003-2220-2968 FU German Science Foundation (DFG) [LO 901/3-1]; DFG [WU 356/4-2]; U.S. National Science Foundation under Arctic Observing Network (AON) program [ARC-0856773, 0904152, 0856559]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; DFG priority program High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft [SPP 1294, GZ: CR 111/9-1] FX The data from the UFS site used in this study were collected as part of the TOSCA campaign, which has been funded by the German Science Foundation (DFG) under Grant LO 901/3-1. The radiosonde, cloud radar, and lidar observations at the FKB site were collected by the U.S. Department of Energy ARM's mobile facility as part of COPS; the MWR data at the FKB site have been collected during the GOP campaign, which has been funded by DFG under Grant WU 356/4-2. ICECAPS is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grants ARC-0856773, 0904152, and 0856559 as part of the Arctic Observing Network (AON) program, with additional instrumentation support provided by the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, ARM, and Environment Canada. ICECAPS data are available via the ARM data archive. Argonne National Laboratory's work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Research done by Stefan Kneifel and Stephanie Redl has been carried out within the Hans Ertel Centre for Weather Research. Climate Monitoring Branch. Contributions from Emiliano Orlandi have been financed by the DFG priority program High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft [HALO (SPP 1294) Project: Using the HALO Microwave Package (HAMP) for cloud and precipitation research, GZ: CR 111/9-1]. The authors are also very grateful to Susanne Crewell (University of Cologne) for many fruitful discussions. Constructive comments from three anonymous reviewers are also gratefully recognized. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1028 EP 1045 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0214.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH9GG UT WOS:000336449300015 ER PT J AU Fowley, C Sluka, V Bernert, K Lindner, J Fassbender, J Rippard, WH Pufall, MR Russek, SE Deac, AM AF Fowley, Ciaran Sluka, Volker Bernert, Kerstin Lindner, Jurgen Fassbender, Juergen Rippard, William H. Pufall, Matthew R. Russek, Stephen E. Deac, Aline M. TI Zero-field spin-transfer oscillators combining in-plane and out-of-plane magnetized layers SO APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID TORQUE OSCILLATOR; POLARIZED CURRENT; DRIVEN; MAGNETORESISTANCE; MULTILAYERS; EXCITATION; EMISSION AB Excited magnetization dynamics in a spin-valve device consisting of an in-plane polarizer and an out-of-plane free layer were studied numerically. In the case where the free layer is assumed to lack any in-plane anisotropy components, a finite external field is required to generate steady-state dynamics, in agreement with previous reports. We demonstrate that this constraint can be removed and precession can be stabilized in zero applied field by introducing an additional in-plane anisotropy axis. Moreover, the in-plane anisotropy offers an additional degree of freedom for tuning the frequency response of the device. (C) 2014 The Japan Society of Applied Physics C1 [Fowley, Ciaran; Sluka, Volker; Bernert, Kerstin; Lindner, Jurgen; Fassbender, Juergen; Deac, Aline M.] Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, D-01328 Dresden, Germany. [Bernert, Kerstin] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Mat Sci, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. [Fassbender, Juergen] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Phys Solids, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. [Rippard, William H.; Pufall, Matthew R.; Russek, Stephen E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fowley, C (reprint author), Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, D-01328 Dresden, Germany. RI Deac, Alina/D-2961-2012; Fassbender, Juergen/A-8664-2008 OI Fassbender, Juergen/0000-0003-3893-9630 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 23 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1882-0778 EI 1882-0786 J9 APPL PHYS EXPRESS JI Appl. Phys. Express PD APR PY 2014 VL 7 IS 4 AR 043001 DI 10.7567/APEX.7.043001 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AH4SK UT WOS:000336118100014 ER PT J AU Pitts, WM AF Pitts, William M. TI Role of two stage pyrolysis in fire growth on flexible polyurethane foam slabs SO FIRE AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE heat release rate; flexible polyurethane foam; isocyanate; polyol; fire growth; two stage pyrolysis ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; HEAT RELEASE; COMBUSTION; RETARDANCY AB A series of experiments designed to characterize fire behavior on flat 1.2 m x 1.2 m samples of commercial non-fire-retarded flexible polyurethane foam were performed. Time-resolved heat release and mass loss rates were measured. Experimental parameters varied, including foam thickness (5.1 and 10.2 cm) and burning angle (+25 degrees, +12.5 degrees, 0 degrees, -12.5 degrees, and -25 degrees). Polyurethane foam is typically produced by reacting a multifunctional isocyanate with a polyol. The foam used here was formed by reacting toluene diisocyanate and a polyol based on a condensed polyether of polypropylene oxide. Earlier cone calorimeter studies of this foam had revealed a clear two stage pyrolysis behavior in which the heated foam first released a gaseous fuel derived from the isocyanate component, while leaving behind a liquid produced primarily from the polyol, which only gasified and burned following additional heating. The subsequent burning behavior of the polyol-derived liquid is shown in this work to play a crucial role in the maximum heat release rate and total heat released by the fires spreading across the foam slabs. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Pitts, William M.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pitts, WM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wpitts@nist.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0308-0501 EI 1099-1018 J9 FIRE MATER JI Fire Mater. PD APR PY 2014 VL 38 IS 3 BP 323 EP 338 DI 10.1002/fam.2183 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AD1YQ UT WOS:000333030000004 ER PT J AU Majkut, JD Sarmiento, JL Rodgers, KB AF Majkut, Joseph D. Sarmiento, J. L. Rodgers, K. B. TI A growing oceanic carbon uptake: Results from an inversion study of surface pCO(2) data SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE carbon; assimilation; LDEO2010; trend ID LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; SOUTHERN ANNULAR MODE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; NORTH PACIFIC; GLOBAL OCEAN; IN-SITU; SEA-ICE; CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE AB Concerted community efforts have been devoted to producing an authoritative climatology of air-sea CO2 fluxes, but identifying decadal trends in CO2 fluxes has proven to be more challenging. The available surface pCO(2) estimates are too sparse to separate long-term trends from decadal and seasonal variability using simple linear models. We introduce Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling as a novel technique for estimating the historical pCO(2) at the ocean surface. The result is a plausible history of surface pCO(2) based on available measurements and variability inferred from model simulations. Applying the method to a modern database of pCO(2) data, we find that two thirds of the ocean surface is trending toward increasing uptake of CO2, with a mean (year 2000) uptake of 2.3 0.5 PgC yr(-1) of anthropogenic carbon and an increase in the global annual uptake over the 30 year time period of 0.4 0.1 PgC yr(-1) decade(-1). The results are particularly interesting in the Southern Ocean, where we find increasing uptake of carbon over this time period, in contrast to previous studies. We find evidence for increased ventilation of deep ocean carbon, in response to increased winds, which is more than offset by an associated surface cooling. C1 [Majkut, Joseph D.; Sarmiento, J. L.; Rodgers, K. B.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Majkut, JD (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM jmajkut@princeton.edu FU NOAA Office of Climate Observations (OCO) [NA17RJ2612, NA080AR4320752]; [NOAA-NA11OAR4310066] FX This work benefitted from the help of several draft readers: N. Gruber, M. Gloor, D. Medvigy, A. Jacobsen, and two reviewers with insightful comments. We thank R. Slater for assistance with managing model simulations. J.D.M. and J.L.S. were supported by NOAA-NA11OAR4310066 during the performance of this work. The contribution of K.R. comes through awards NA17RJ2612 and NA080AR4320752, which includes support through the NOAA Office of Climate Observations (OCO). The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the U.S. Department of Commerce. The data used within this paper is freely available via the U.S. Oak Ridge National Laboratory Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center. NR 63 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD APR PY 2014 VL 28 IS 4 BP 335 EP 351 DI 10.1002/2013GB004585 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH0KT UT WOS:000335809500001 ER PT J AU Bowling, DR Ballantyne, AP Miller, JB Burns, SP Conway, TJ Menzer, O Stephens, BB Vaughn, BH AF Bowling, D. R. Ballantyne, A. P. Miller, J. B. Burns, S. P. Conway, T. J. Menzer, O. Stephens, B. B. Vaughn, B. H. TI Ecological processes dominate the C-13 land disequilibrium in a Rocky Mountain subalpine forest SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Review DE carbon cycling; biosphere; atmosphere interactions; carbon isotope discrimination; biogeochemical cycles; forest ecology; conifer ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; ECOSYSTEM CO2 EXCHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; HIGH-ELEVATION; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; RESPIRED CO2; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2 AB Fossil fuel combustion has increased atmospheric CO2 by approximate to 115 mu mol mol(-1) since 1750 and decreased its carbon isotope composition (C-13) by 1.7-2 (the C-13 Suess effect). Because carbon is stored in the terrestrial biosphere for decades and longer, the C-13 of CO2 released by terrestrial ecosystems is expected to differ from the C-13 of CO2 assimilated by land plants during photosynthesis. This isotopic difference between land-atmosphere respiration ((R)) and photosynthetic assimilation ((A)) fluxes gives rise to the C-13 land disequilibrium (D). Contemporary understanding suggests that over annual and longer time scales, D is determined primarily by the Suess effect, and thus, D is generally positive ((R)>(A)). A 7 year record of biosphere-atmosphere carbon exchange was used to evaluate the seasonality of (A) and (R), and the C-13 land disequilibrium, in a subalpine conifer forest. A novel isotopic mixing model was employed to determine the C-13 of net land-atmosphere exchange during day and night and combined with tower-based flux observations to assess (A) and (R). The disequilibrium varied seasonally and when flux-weighted was opposite in sign than expected from the Suess effect (D=-0.750.21 or -0.880.10 parts per thousand depending on method). Seasonality in D appeared to be driven by photosynthetic discrimination ((canopy)) responding to environmental factors. Possible explanations for negative D include (1) changes in (canopy) over decades as CO2 and temperature have risen, and/or (2) post-photosynthetic fractionation processes leading to sequestration of isotopically enriched carbon in long-lived pools like wood and soil. Key Points Carbon isotope contents of photosynthesis and respiration differ Isotope fractionation of land photosynthesis dominates over the C-13 Suess effect Biogeochemical C isotope models must include terrestrial ecological processes C1 [Bowling, D. R.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Ballantyne, A. P.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Miller, J. B.; Conway, T. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Miller, J. B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Burns, S. P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Burns, S. P.; Stephens, B. B.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Menzer, O.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Vaughn, B. H.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bowling, DR (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM david.bowling@utah.edu RI Burns, Sean/A-9352-2008; Stephens, Britton/B-7962-2008 OI Burns, Sean/0000-0002-6258-1838; Stephens, Britton/0000-0002-1966-6182 FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0005236, DE-FG02-04ER63904]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB 0743251]; DOE/BER via the National Institute for Climate Change Research (NICCR) [MPC35TX-A2]; Terrestrial Carbon Processes Program (TCP) [0017387]; NSF (LTREB) [0918565]; NOAA Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Gases Group; U.S. Department of Commerce; NOAA ESRL; Global Monitoring Division; NSF [EAR-0321918]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310064]; NSF; NSF for the Niwot Ridge LTER Program FX All data in this study are available for collaborative use by anyone interested; contact the senior author for information on data access (david.bowling@utah.edu). Thanks to J. Knowles and J. Morse for outstanding field assistance, to R. Monson and P. Blanken for flux tower data, to S. Lehman for radiocarbon data, and to M. Reichstein for helpful discussions about flux partitioning. This research was primarily supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, grants DE-SC0005236 and DE-FG02-04ER63904, and National Science Foundation (NSF) grant DEB 0743251. The AmeriFlux tower was supported by DOE/BER via the National Institute for Climate Change Research (NICCR, grant MPC35TX-A2) and Terrestrial Carbon Processes Program (TCP, grant 0017387), and the NSF (LTREB, grant 0918565). We acknowledge ongoing funding by the NOAA Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Gases Group, U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA ESRL, Global Monitoring Division. The tundra site AIRCOA measurements were supported by NSF grant EAR-0321918 and NOAA grant NA09OAR4310064; we thank A. Watt for field support of these measurements. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the NSF. We are grateful for additional logistical and financial support from the NSF for the Niwot Ridge LTER Program and to all the staff of the University of Colorado's Mountain Research Station. NR 131 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD APR PY 2014 VL 28 IS 4 BP 352 EP 370 DI 10.1002/2013GB004686 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH0KT UT WOS:000335809500002 ER PT J AU Barrett, PM Resing, JA Buck, NJ Feely, RA Bullister, JL Buck, CS Landing, WM AF Barrett, Pamela M. Resing, Joseph A. Buck, Nathaniel J. Feely, Richard A. Bullister, John L. Buck, Clifton S. Landing, William M. TI Calcium carbonate dissolution in the upper 1000m of the eastern North Atlantic SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE CaCO3 dissolution; Atlantic Ocean; suspended particulate matter ID OXYGEN-MINIMUM ZONES; PARTICULATE MATTER; ORGANIC-CARBON; WATER COLUMN; CHEMICAL LYSOCLINE; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; INORGANIC CARBON; VERTICAL FLUX; OCEAN AB Recent analyses suggest that considerable CaCO3 dissolution may occur in the upper water column of the ocean (<1500m). This study uses the distribution of particulate calcium from high-resolution suspended matter sampling along the Climate Variability and Predictability/CO2 Repeat Hydrography A16N transect in 2003 to estimate CaCO3 dissolution in the top 1000m of the North Atlantic. Dissolution rates were also approximated using changes in total alkalinity measurements along isopycnal surfaces. Water masses were found to be undersaturated with respect to aragonite at intermediate depths (400-1000m) in the eastern tropical North Atlantic. The CaCO3 dissolution rate in this region is estimated to be 0.9mmol CaCO3 m(-2) d(-1), indicating this region is a hotspot for upper water column CaCO3 dissolution compared to the Atlantic basin as a whole. Dissolution rates calculated from particulate calcium distributions outside of this region were significantly lower (0.2mmol CaCO3 m(-2) d(-1)) and are comparable to previous estimates of CaCO3 dissolution flux for the Atlantic Ocean. The magnitude of upper water column dissolution rates compared to measured surface ocean CaCO3 standing stocks suggests that biologically mediated CaCO3 dissolution may be occurring in the top 1000m of the Atlantic. Key Points Carbonate dissolution is estimated from particulate Ca distributions Carbonate-undersaturated waters result in attenuated particulate Ca signal High dissolution rates observed in tropical North Atlantic at depths <1000 m C1 [Barrett, Pamela M.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Barrett, Pamela M.; Resing, Joseph A.; Buck, Nathaniel J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Resing, Joseph A.; Feely, Richard A.; Bullister, John L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Buck, Clifton S.; Landing, William M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Barrett, PM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM barrettp@uw.edu RI Buck, Clifton/F-5820-2010 OI Buck, Clifton/0000-0002-5691-9636 FU NSF/NOAA; NSF [OCE-0649505, OCE-0223378]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) FX The authors acknowledge the NSF/NOAA-funded U.S. Repeat Hydrography Program and the NOAA Climate Program. Data used in this manuscript were provided by the following participants on the 2003 CLIVAR A16N cruise: Gregory Johnson (bottle hydrographic measurement program), Jia Zhong-Zhang (nutrient and dissolved oxygen data), Calvin Mordy (nutrient data), Frank Millero (total alkalinity and pH data), Mark Warner (CFC data), and Richard Wanninkhof (DIC data). We also thank John Milliman and two anonymous reviewers for critiques that greatly improved the quality of this manuscript and Jim Bishop for productive conversations. This work was supported by NSF grant OCE-0649505 (JAR) and OCE-0223378 (WML) and was also partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO). This is JISAO's publication number 2096 and PMEL's publication number 3988. NR 70 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD APR PY 2014 VL 28 IS 4 BP 386 EP 397 DI 10.1002/2013GB004619 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH0KT UT WOS:000335809500004 ER PT J AU Sergienko, OV AF Sergienko, O. V. TI A vertically integrated treatment of ice stream and ice shelf thermodynamics SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE ice streams; ice shelves; thermodynamics; modeling ID SHEAR MARGINS; WEST ANTARCTICA; SHEET; FLOW; BENEATH; DYNAMICS; MECHANICS; GLACIERS; MODEL; BASE AB The extremely small vertical shear in ice stream and ice shelf flow simplifies the equations, which govern their thermodynamic evolution. Complemented by the widely used shallow shelf approximation used to simplify the ice flow momentum balance, a vertically integrated formulation of heat transfer presented here reduces the dimensionality of the thermodynamic problem from three to two (plan view) dimensions and thus significantly reduces the computational cost of treating ice stream and ice shelf thermodynamics in models. For realistic conditions, errors in ice stiffness parameter, ice thickness, and speed caused by the vertically integrated treatment of heat transfer are less than 5% of magnitudes of these values compared to the standard three-dimensional thermomechanical computations. In addition, for the specific case of ice shelves with strong bottom melting, the governing equation describing evolution of the vertically integrated ice stiffness parameter is derived, which further reduces computational cost. The presented error analysis and formulations of ice stream and ice shelf thermodynamics in terms of the vertically integrated temperature allow the thermodynamic effects on ice deformation to be easily incorporated into studies that traditionally disregard them. C1 Princeton Univ, GFDL AOS, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Sergienko, OV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, GFDL AOS, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM osergien@princeton.edu FU NOAA [NA13OAR431009] FX I thank the Editor Bryn Hubbard, Associate Editor Jeremy Bassis, Ed Bueler, and two anonymous referees for useful comments and constructive criticisms. I also thank Doug MacAyeal for helping with this manuscript. This research is supported by NOAA grant NA13OAR431009. The model outputs will be available at NSDIC. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD APR PY 2014 VL 119 IS 4 BP 745 EP 757 DI 10.1002/2013JF002908 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AH9TX UT WOS:000336487100004 ER PT J AU Gourdeau, L Verron, J Melet, A Kessler, W Marin, F Djath, B AF Gourdeau, L. Verron, J. Melet, A. Kessler, W. Marin, F. Djath, B. TI Exploring the mesoscale activity in the Solomon Sea: A complementary approach with a numerical model and altimetric data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE mesoscale; western boundary current; high-resolution modeling; tropical Pacific ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; PACIFIC-OCEAN; TOPEX/POSEIDON ALTIMETRY; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; INTERNAL TIDE; VARIABILITY; EDDIES; SURFACE; ENERGY AB The Solomon Sea is an area of high level of eddy kinetic energy (EKE), and represents a transit area for the low-latitude western boundary currents (LLWBCs) connecting the subtropics to the equatorial Pacific and playing a major role in ENSO dynamics. This study aims at documenting the surface mesoscale activity in the Solomon Sea for the first time. Our analysis is based on the joint analysis of altimetric data and outputs from a 1/12 degrees model simulation. The highest surface EKE is observed in the northern part of the basin and extends southward to the central basin. An eddy tracking algorithm is used to document the characteristics and trajectories of coherent mesoscale vortices. Cyclonic eddies, generated in the south basin, are advected to the north by the LLWBCs before merging with stationary mesoscale structures present in the mean circulation. Anticyclonic eddies are less numerous. They are generated in the southeastern basin, propagate westward, reach the LLWBCs, and dissipate. The seasonal and interannual modulations of the mesoscale activity are well marked. At seasonal time scale, maximum (minimum) activity is in May-June (September). At interannual time scale, the mesoscale activity is particularly enhanced during La Nina conditions. If instabilities of the regional circulations seem to explain the generation of mesoscale features, the modulation of the mesoscale activity seems to be rather related with the intrusion at Solomon Strait of the surface South Equatorial Current, rather than to the LLWBCs, by modulating the horizontal and vertical shears suitable for instabilities. Key Points A first analysis of the surface mesoscale activity in the Solomon Sea Mesoscale is related with the SEC inflow at Solomon Strait rather than to LLWBC Maximum activity is in May-June, it is enhanced during La Nina conditions C1 [Gourdeau, L.; Melet, A.; Marin, F.] Univ Toulouse 3, IRD, LEGOS, UMR5566, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Verron, J.; Djath, B.] Univ Grenoble, CNRS, LGGE, UMR5183, Grenoble, France. [Kessler, W.] NOAA Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. RP Gourdeau, L (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 3, IRD, LEGOS, UMR5566, F-31062 Toulouse, France. EM lionel.gourdeau@legos.obs-mip.fr RI Marin, Frederic/A-8687-2010 OI Marin, Frederic/0000-0002-0625-1105 FU Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES/TOSCA); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS/INSU LEFE); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD) FX This work is a contribution to the CLIVAR/SPICE international program. This research has been conducted with the support of the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES/TOSCA), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS/INSU LEFE), and the Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD). The authors would like to thank the DRAKKAR team for providing them with the high-resolution global ocean simulation, and especially J.M. Molines for his availability. We also thank A. Chaigneau for his help using the identification and tracking algorithms. NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR PY 2014 VL 119 IS 4 BP 2290 EP 2311 DI 10.1002/2013JC009614 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AH6AN UT WOS:000336213200010 ER PT J AU Li, Y Ji, RB Fratantoni, PS Chen, CS Hare, JA Davis, CS Beardsley, RC AF Li, Yun Ji, Rubao Fratantoni, Paula S. Chen, Changsheng Hare, Jonathan A. Davis, Cabell S. Beardsley, Robert C. TI Wind-induced interannual variability of sea level slope, along-shelf flow, and surface salinity on the Northwest Atlantic shelf SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE wind; sea level; flow; salinity; interannual variability; Northwest Atlantic shelf ID SOUTHWEST NOVA-SCOTIA; EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; SUBTIDAL RESPONSE; GEORGES BANK; MAINE REGION; GULF-STREAM; SEASONAL CIRCULATION; WATER; TEMPERATURE; ZOOPLANKTON AB In this study, we examine the importance of regional wind forcing in modulating advective processes and hydrographic properties along the Northwest Atlantic shelf, with a focus on the Nova Scotian Shelf (NSS)-Gulf of Maine (GoM) region. Long-term observational data of alongshore wind stress, sea level slope, and along-shelf flow are analyzed to quantify the relationship between wind forcing and hydrodynamic responses on interannual time scales. Additionally, a simplified momentum balance model is used to examine the underlying mechanisms. Our results show significant correlation among the observed interannual variability of sea level slope, along-shelf flow, and alongshore wind stress in the NSS-GoM region. A mechanism is suggested to elucidate the role of wind in modulating the sea level slope and along-shelf flow: stronger southwesterly (northeastward) winds tend to weaken the prevailing southwestward flow over the shelf, building sea level in the upstream Newfoundland Shelf region, whereas weaker southwesterly winds allow stronger southwestward flow to develop, raising sea level in the GoM region. The wind-induced flow variability can influence the transport of low-salinity water from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the GoM, explaining interannual variations in surface salinity distributions within the region. Hence, our results offer a viable mechanism, besides the freshening of remote upstream sources, to explain interannual patterns of freshening in the GoM. Key Points Alongshore wind modulates advective processes along the Northwest Atlantic shelf Wind offers a viable mechanism to explain interannual salinity patterns in GoM C1 [Li, Yun] Integrated Stat Contract NOAA NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Li, Yun; Ji, Rubao; Davis, Cabell S.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Fratantoni, Paula S.; Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Chen, Changsheng] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA USA. [Beardsley, Robert C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Integrated Stat Contract NOAA NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. EM yli@whoi.edu RI Li, Yun/F-5944-2015; Ji, Rubao/I-1970-2015 OI Ji, Rubao/0000-0002-8839-5427 FU NOAA's Fisheries and the Environment Program [12-03]; NOAA [NA09OAR4320129] FX This work was supported by NOAA's Fisheries and the Environment Program, Grant #12-03 and through NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA09OAR4320129. RJ worked on this paper as a CINAR (Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region) Fellow. We thank Steven Lentz for useful discussion on analyzing the observations and Peter Smith for providing current meter observations at station C2. We also thank Pengfei Lin who assisted initial data processing as a guest investigator in RJ's lab. We are grateful to three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments that have improved our manuscript. NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR PY 2014 VL 119 IS 4 BP 2462 EP 2479 DI 10.1002/2013JC009385 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AH6AN UT WOS:000336213200019 ER PT J AU Nguyen, TD Thupaki, P Anderson, EJ Phanikumar, MS AF Nguyen, Tuan D. Thupaki, Pramod Anderson, Eric J. Phanikumar, Mantha S. TI Summer circulation and exchange in the Saginaw Bay-Lake Huron system SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE residence time; flushing time; Saginaw Bay; Lake Huron; mixing; dispersion ID TRANSPORT TIME SCALES; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; THERMAL STRUCTURE; HYDRODYNAMIC MODEL; RESIDENCE TIME; GREAT-LAKES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MEAN CIRCULATION; FLUSHING TIME; WATER AB We use a three-dimensional, unstructured grid hydrodynamic model to examine circulation and exchange in the Saginaw Bay-Lake Huron system during the summer months for three consecutive years (2009-2011). The model was tested against ADCP observations of currents, data from a Lagrangian drifter experiment in the Saginaw Bay, and temperature data from the National Data Buoy Center stations. Mean circulation was predominantly cyclonic in the main basin of Lake Huron with current speeds in the surface layer being highest in August. Circulation in the Saginaw Bay was characterized by the presence of an anticyclonic gyre at the mouth of the outer bay and two recirculating cells within the inner bay. New estimates are provided for the mean flushing times (computed as the volume of the bay divided by the rate of inflow) and residence times (computed as e-folding flushing times based on dye concentration modeling treating the bay as a continuously stirred tank reactor) for Saginaw Bay. The average flushing time (over the 3 months of summer and for all 3 years) was 23.0 days for the inner bay and 9.9 days for the entire bay. The mean e-folding flushing time was 62 days (2 months) for the inner bay and 115 days (3.7 months) for the entire bay for the summer conditions examined in this work. To characterize the behavior of river plumes in the inner Saginaw Bay, trajectory data from GPS-enabled Lagrangian drifters were used to compute the absolute diffusivity values in the alongshore and cross-shore directions. Key Points We model circulation and thermal structure in Saginaw Bay and Lake Huron New estimates for residence times and exchange between the bay and the main lake Estimated diffusivities using Lagrangian drifters and particle transport models C1 [Nguyen, Tuan D.; Thupaki, Pramod; Phanikumar, Mantha S.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Thupaki, Pramod] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC, Canada. [Anderson, Eric J.] NOAA Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Phanikumar, MS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM phani@egr.msu.edu OI Anderson, Eric/0000-0001-5342-8383 FU NOAA Center of Excellence for Great Lakes and Human health FX This research was funded by the NOAA Center of Excellence for Great Lakes and Human health. NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR PY 2014 VL 119 IS 4 BP 2713 EP 2734 DI 10.1002/2014JC009828 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AH6AN UT WOS:000336213200033 ER PT J AU Dong, JR Ek, M Hall, D Peters-Lidard, C Cosgrove, B Miller, J Riggs, G Xia, YL AF Dong, Jiarui Ek, Mike Hall, Dorothy Peters-Lidard, Christa Cosgrove, Brian Miller, Jeff Riggs, George Xia, Youlong TI Using Air Temperature to Quantitatively Predict the MODIS Fractional Snow Cover Retrieval Errors over the Continental United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Drought; Snowpack; Snow cover; Surface temperature; Seasonal variability ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; WATER EQUIVALENT; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; MAPPING ACCURACY; VALIDATION; PRODUCTS; AREA; SNOTEL; DEPTH; NLDAS AB Understanding and quantifying satellite-based, remotely sensed snow cover uncertainty are critical for its successful utilization. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow cover errors have been previously recognized to be associated with factors such as cloud contamination, snowpack grain sizes, vegetation cover, and topography; however, the quantitative relationship between the retrieval errors and these factors remains elusive. Joint analysis of the MODIS fractional snow cover (FSC) from Collection 6 (C6) and in situ air temperature and snow water equivalent measurements provides a unique look at the error structure of the MODIS C6 FSC products. Analysis of the MODIS FSC dataset over the period from 2000 to 2005 was undertaken over the continental United States (CONUS) with an extensive observational network. When compared to MODIS Collection 5 (C5) snow cover area, the MODIS C6 FSC product demonstrates a substantial improvement in detecting the presence of snow cover in Nevada [30% increase in probability of detection (POD)], especially in the early and late snow seasons; some improvement over California (10% POD increase); and a relatively small improvement over Colorado (2% POD increase). However, significant spatial and temporal variations in accuracy still exist, and a proxy is required to adequately predict the expected errors in MODIS C6 FSC retrievals. A relationship is demonstrated between the MODIS FSC retrieval errors and temperature over the CONUS domain, captured by a cumulative double exponential distribution function. This relationship is shown to hold for both in situ and modeled daily mean air temperature. Both of them are useful indices in filtering out the misclassification of MODIS snow cover pixels and in quantifying the errors in the MODIS C6 product for various hydrological applications. C1 [Dong, Jiarui; Ek, Mike; Xia, Youlong] NOAA, NCEP, EMC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Dong, Jiarui; Xia, Youlong] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. [Hall, Dorothy; Miller, Jeff; Riggs, George] NASA, Cryospher Sci Lab, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Peters-Lidard, Christa] NASA, Hydrol Sci Lab, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Cosgrove, Brian] NOAA, NWS, OHD, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Miller, Jeff] Wyle Inc, Houston, TX USA. [Riggs, George] SSAI Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Dong, JR (reprint author), NOAA, NCEP, EMC, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM jiarui.dong@noaa.gov RI Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012 OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876 FU NOAA Climate Program Office (CPO) Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections (MAPP) program FX We thank Kingtse Mo from NOAA/NCEP/CPC for her contributions. This work was directly funded by the NOAA Climate Program Office (CPO) Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections (MAPP) program. The NASA EOS Project supported the participation of D. Hall, J. Miller, and G. Riggs. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 15 IS 2 BP 551 EP 562 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-13-060.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE7LN UT WOS:000334179500002 ER PT J AU Vergara, H Hong, Y Gourley, JJ Anagnostou, EN Maggioni, V Stampoulis, D Kirstetter, PE AF Vergara, Humberto Hong, Yang Gourley, Jonathan J. Anagnostou, Emmanouil N. Maggioni, Viviana Stampoulis, Dimitrios Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel TI Effects of Resolution of Satellite-Based Rainfall Estimates on Hydrologic Modeling Skill at Different Scales SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Satellite observations; Hydrologic models ID PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS TMPA; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; FLOOD PREDICTION; MONTE-CARLO; TEMPORAL RESOLUTION; PASSIVE-MICROWAVE; ERROR MODEL; RUNOFF; RADAR; SENSITIVITY AB Uncertainty due to resolution of current satellite-based rainfall products is believed to be an important source of error in applications of hydrologic modeling and forecasting systems. A method to account for the input's resolution and to accurately evaluate the hydrologic utility of satellite rainfall estimates is devised and analyzed herein. A radar-based Multisensor Precipitation Estimator (MPE) rainfall product (4 km, 1 h) was utilized to assess the impact of resolution of precipitation products on the estimation of rainfall and subsequent simulation of streamflow on a cascade of basins ranging from approximately 500 to 5000 km(2). MPE data were resampled to match the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission's (TRMM) 3B42RT satellite rainfall product resolution (25 km, 3 h) and compared with its native resolution data to estimate errors in rainfall fields. It was found that resolution degradation considerably modifies the spatial structure of rainfall fields. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was designed to effectively isolate the error on hydrologic simulations due to rainfall resolution using a distributed hydrologic model. These analyses revealed that resolution degradation introduces a significant amount of error in rainfall fields, which propagated to the streamflow simulations as magnified bias and dampened aggregated error (RMSEs). Furthermore, the scale dependency of errors due to resolution degradation was found to intensify with increasing streamflow magnitudes. The hydrologic model was calibrated with satellite- and original-resolution MPE using a multiscale approach. The resulting simulations had virtually the same skill, suggesting that the effects of rainfall resolution can be accounted for during calibration of hydrologic models, which was further demonstrated with 3B42RT. C1 [Vergara, Humberto; Hong, Yang; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Vergara, Humberto; Hong, Yang; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Vergara, Humberto; Gourley, Jonathan J.; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Anagnostou, Emmanouil N.; Maggioni, Viviana; Stampoulis, Dimitrios] Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Storrs, CT USA. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr ARRC, Suite 4610,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015 OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755; NR 66 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 7 U2 23 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 15 IS 2 BP 593 EP 613 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-0113.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE7LN UT WOS:000334179500005 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Shuster, W AF Zhang, Yu Shuster, William TI THE COMPARATIVE ACCURACY OF TWO HYDROLOGIC MODELS IN SIMULATING WARM-SEASON RUNOFF FOR TWO SMALL, HILLSLOPE CATCHMENTS(1) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE stormwater; micro-catchment; distributed model; runoff; calibration ID WATER; FLOW; URBANIZATION; PARAMETERS; SYSTEMS; IMPACT; SOILS; SCALE; SWMM AB This article assesses the performance of two hydrologic models in simulating warm-season runoff for two upland, low-yield micro-catchments near Coshocton, Ohio. The two models, namely the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) and the Gridded Surface-Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA), were implemented with contrasting levels of complexity, with the former representing the catchments as lumped spatial units and computing evaporation only from standing water, and the latter incorporating fine-scale variation in topography and soil properties and computing evapotranspiration from soil based on weather data. Our investigation began with uncalibrated model runs for 1990-2003 except for 1994 using a priori parameter values. Then a set of calibration experiments were performed wherein the sensitivity of model performance to the length of calibration records was examined. Our results pointed to large errors associated with simulations from both models: even the calibrated models were unable to reproduce the seasonal and between-catchment contrasts in runoff response. Using a priori parameter values, SWMM attained better results than GSSHA. However, with simple calibration, GSSHA outperformed SWMM in several respects. It was also found that extending the record of calibration rendered relatively minor changes to model performance. The practical and scientific implications of the findings are discussed. C1 [Zhang, Yu] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Shuster, William] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, 1325 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM yu.zhang@noaa.gov FU USEPA through the Coshocton Urbanization Project; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education FX The research was funded by USEPA through the Coshocton Urbanization Project. The postdoctoral research associate position was funded by Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. We also thank Dr. James V. Bonta for providing the data and critical suggestions. Drs. Fred L. Ogden and Justin Niedzialek at University of Connecticut, and Mr. Aaron Byrd at the US Army Corp of Engineers for providing technical assistance to the implementation of GSSHA model. Three anonymous reviewers provided valuable suggestions and their contributions are graciously acknowledged here. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2014 VL 50 IS 2 BP 434 EP 447 DI 10.1111/jawr.12135 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AE0WM UT WOS:000333687000015 ER PT J AU Welsh, T Burek-Huntington, K Savage, K Rosenthal, B Dubey, JP AF Welsh, Trista Burek-Huntington, Kathy Savage, Kate Rosenthal, Benjamin Dubey, J. P. TI Sarcocystis canis Associated Hepatitis in a Steller Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus) from Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; INFECTIONS; PARASITES; NEURONA AB Sarcocystis canis infection was associated with hepatitis in a Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus). Intrahepatocellular protozoal schizonts were among areas of necrosis and inflammation. The parasite was genetically identical to S. canis and is the first report in a Steller sea lion, indicating another intermediate host species for S. canis. C1 [Welsh, Trista] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Burek-Huntington, Kathy] Alaska Vet Pathol Serv, Eagle River, AK 99577 USA. [Savage, Kate] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Div, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. [Rosenthal, Benjamin; Dubey, J. P.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab,BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Welsh, T (reprint author), Flyinvet, 10174 Airpark Loop, Givens Hotsprings, ID 83641 USA. EM trista.welsh@gmail.com OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2014 VL 50 IS 2 BP 405 EP 408 DI 10.7589/2013-03-079 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AH6JT UT WOS:000336237900036 PM 24484486 ER PT J AU Jiang, ZP Hydes, DJ Hartman, SE Hartman, MC Campbell, JM Johnson, BD Schofield, B Turk, D Wallace, D Burt, WJ Thomas, H Cosca, C Feely, R AF Jiang, Zong-Pei Hydes, David J. Hartman, Sue E. Hartman, Mark C. Campbell, Jon M. Johnson, Bruce D. Schofield, Bryan Turk, Daniela Wallace, Douglas Burt, William J. Thomas, Helmuth Cosca, Cathy Feely, Richard TI Application and assessment of a membrane-based pCO(2) sensor under field and laboratory conditions SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID FIBER-OPTIC SENSOR; CORE WAVE-GUIDE; SURFACE SEAWATER; CARBONIC-ACID; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANTS; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; COASTAL SEAWATER; PARTIAL-PRESSURE; CO2 EXCHANGE; SEA-WATER AB The principle, application, and assessment of the membrane-based ProOceanus CO2-Pro sensor for partial pressure of CO2 (pCO(2)) are presented. The performance of the sensor is evaluated extensively under field and laboratory conditions by comparing the sensor outputs with direct measurements from calibrated pCO(2) measuring systems and the thermodynamic carbonate calculation of pCO(2) from discrete samples. Under stable laboratory condition, the sensor agreed with a calibrated water-air equilibrator system at -3.0 +/- 4.4 mu atm during a 2-month intercomparison experiment. When applied in field deployments, the larger differences between measurements and the calculated pCO(2) references (6.4 +/- 12.3 mu atm on a ship of opportunity and 8.7 +/- 14.1 mu atm on a mooring) are related not only to sensor error, but also to the uncertainties of the references and the comparison process, as well as changes in the working environments of the sensor. When corrected against references, the overall uncertainties of the sensor results are largely determined by those of the pCO(2) references (+/- 2 and +/- 8 mu atm for direct measurements and calculated pCO(2), respectively). Our study suggests accuracy of the sensor can be affected by temperature fluctuations of the detector optical cell and calibration error. These problems have been addressed in more recent models of the instrument through improving detector temperature control and through using more accurate standard gases. Another interesting result in our laboratory test is the unexpected change in alkalinity which results in significant underestimation in the pCO(2) calculation as compared to the direct measurement (up to 90 mu atm). C1 [Jiang, Zong-Pei; Hydes, David J.; Hartman, Sue E.; Hartman, Mark C.; Campbell, Jon M.] Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Jiang, Zong-Pei] Zhejiang Univ, Ocean Coll, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Johnson, Bruce D.; Schofield, Bryan] ProOceanus Syst Inc, Bridgewater, NS, Canada. [Turk, Daniela; Wallace, Douglas; Burt, William J.; Thomas, Helmuth] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Turk, Daniela] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Cosca, Cathy; Feely, Richard] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Jiang, ZP (reprint author), Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. EM zongpei.jiang@noc.soton.ac.uk FU Swire Charitable Trust; Swire Education Trust FX The Swire Charitable Trust and the Swire Education Trust are gratefully acknowledged for funding the Swire NOCS Ocean Monitoring System (SNOMS) project and the scholarship for Zong-Pei Jiang's PhD study. LDEO contribution number 7768. The Swire Group Company China Navigation and the crews on the MV Pacific Celebes are to be thanked for supporting the operation of the SNOMS project. Dave Childs provided invaluable analysis of the salinity samples at NOCS. At the Institute of Ocean Science in Canada, Marty Davelaar, Jim Christian, and Kyle Davidson helped with sample pickups and joined in the SNOMS sample processing exercise. We gratefully thank Jim Eddington, Emily Chua, Claire Normandeau, Trina Whitsitt, and Douglas Schillinger during the Aquatron tests at Dalhousie University. We also thank the support from Richard Lampitt, Kate Larkin, Maureen Pagnani, Thanos Gkritzalis on the sensor deployment and maintenance at the PAP site. Wei-Jun Cai is thanked for the helpful discussion on the organic alkalinity. We also thank Mike DeGrandpre and Wiley Evans for their helpful suggestions on improving this paper. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 1541-5856 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD APR PY 2014 VL 12 BP 264 EP 280 DI 10.4319/lom.2014.12.264 PG 17 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AH6NB UT WOS:000336246500010 ER PT J AU Campbell, MG Liu, Q Sanders, A Evans, JS Smalyukh, II AF Campbell, Michael G. Liu, Qingkun Sanders, Aric Evans, Julian S. Smalyukh, Ivan I. TI Preparation of Nanocomposite Plasmonic Films Made from Cellulose Nanocrystals or Mesoporous Silica Decorated with Unidirectionally Aligned Gold Nanorods SO MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE gold nanorods; cellulose nanocrystals; liquid crystal; plasmonics; mesoporous silica ID LIQUID-CRYSTALS; NANOPARTICLES; ALIGNMENT; GROWTH; FIBERS AB Using liquid crystalline self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals, we achieve long-range alignment of anisotropic metal nanoparticles in colloidal nanocrystal dispersions that are then used to deposit thin structured films with ordering features highly dependent on the deposition method. These hybrid films are comprised of gold nanorods unidirectionally aligned in a matrix that can be made of ordered cellulose nanocrystals or silica nanostructures obtained by using cellulose-based nanostructures as a replica. The ensuing long-range alignment of gold nanorods in both cellulose-based and nanoporous silica films results in a polarization-sensitive surface plasmon resonance. The demonstrated device-scale bulk nanoparticle alignment may enable engineering of new material properties arising from combining the orientational ordering of host nanostructures and properties of the anisotropic plasmonic metal nanoparticles. Our approach may also allow for scalable fabrication of plasmonic polarizers and nanoporous silica structures with orientationally ordered anisotropic plasmonic nanoinclusions. C1 [Campbell, Michael G.; Liu, Qingkun; Evans, Julian S.; Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sanders, Aric] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Liquid Crystal Mat Res Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Inst, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Smalyukh, II (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM michael.g.campbell@colorado.edu; qingkun.liu@colorado.edu; aric.sanders@nist.gov; julian.evans@colorado.edu; Ivan.Smalyukh@colorado.edu RI Smalyukh, Ivan/C-2955-2011 OI Smalyukh, Ivan/0000-0003-3444-1966 FU DOE [ER46921] FX We thank P. J. Ackerman, J. Kuehlen, T. Lee, B. Senyuk, and J. van de Lagemaat for discussions. This research was supported by the DOE grant ER46921. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 62 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1944 J9 MATERIALS JI Materials PD APR PY 2014 VL 7 IS 4 BP 3021 EP 3033 DI 10.3390/ma7043021 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AH4IU UT WOS:000336091400031 ER PT J AU Guy, N Jorgensen, DP AF Guy, Nick Jorgensen, David P. TI Kinematic and Precipitation Characteristics of Convective Systems Observed by Airborne Doppler Radar during the Life Cycle of a Madden-Julian Oscillation in the Indian Ocean SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Indian Ocean; Tropics; Mesoscale systems; Madden-Julian oscillation; Aircraft observations; Radars; Radar observations ID PACIFIC WARM POOL; TOGA COARE; SCALE CIRCULATION; MESOSCALE; RAINFALL; EVOLUTION; VARIABILITY; MODELS; WIND AB This study presents characteristics of convective systems observed during the Dynamics of the Madden-Julian oscillation (DYNAMO) experiment by the instrumented NOAA WP-3D aircraft. Nine separate missions, with a focus on observing mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), were executed to obtain data in the active and inactive phase of a Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) in the Indian Ocean. Doppler radar and in situ thermodynamic data are used to contrast the convective system characteristics during the evolution of the MJO. Isolated convection was prominent during the inactive phases of the MJO, with deepening convection during the onset of the MJO. During the MJO peak, convection and stratiform precipitation became more widespread. A larger population of deep convective elements led to a larger area of stratiform precipitation. As the MJO decayed, convective system top heights increased, though the number of convective systems decreased, eventually transitioning back to isolated convection. A distinct shift of echo top heights and contoured frequency-by-altitude diagram distributions of radar reflectivity and vertical wind speed indicated that some mesoscale characteristics were coupled to the MJO phase. Convective characteristics in the climatological initiation region (Indian Ocean) were also apparent. Comparison to results from the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) in the western Pacific indicated that DYNAMO MCSs were linearly organized more parallel to the low-level shear and without strong cold pools than in TOGA COARE. Three-dimensional MCS airflow also showed a different dynamical structure, with a lack of the descending rear inflow present in shear perpendicularly organized TOGA COARE MCSs. Weaker, but deeper updrafts were observed in DYNAMO. C1 [Guy, Nick; Jorgensen, David P.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Guy, N (reprint author), NOAA, NSSL, WRDD, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM nick.guy@noaa.gov OI Guy, Nick/0000-0002-9800-598X FU NOAA Climate Program Office [NA11OAR4310077] FX This research was undertaken as a National Research Council postdoctoral research associate. Funding was provided by the NOAA Climate Program Office (Grant NA11OAR4310077). Special thanks are accorded to the NOAA Aircraft Operations Center, and especially the flight crew of the P-3 aircraft for a successful execution of project objectives. Also, Qing Wang and the NCAR EOL team for providing quality-controlled dropsonde data. The authors thank Shuyi Chen, Angela Rowe, and Elizabeth Thompson for many interesting and useful conversations, along with presentations from many members of the DYNAMO community. This manuscript was improved by the thorough and constructive comments by two anonymous reviewers. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2014 VL 142 IS 4 BP 1385 EP 1402 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00252.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD7IC UT WOS:000333436300001 ER PT J AU Brill, KF AF Brill, Keith F. TI Revisiting an Old Concept: The Gradient Wind SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Airflow; Atmospheric circulation; Hurricanes; Trajectories; Anticyclones; Wind ID HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; TROPICAL CYCLONES; MODEL; VORTICES AB The gradient wind is defined as a horizontal wind having the same direction as the geostrophic wind but with a magnitude consistent with a balance of three forces: the pressure gradient force, the Coriolis force, and the centrifugal force arising from the curvature of a parcel trajectory. This definition is not sufficient to establish a single way of computing the gradient wind. Different results arise depending upon what is taken to be the parcel trajectory and its curvature. To clarify these distinctions, contour and natural gradient winds are defined and subdivided into steady and nonsteady cases. Contour gradient winds are based only on the geostrophic streamfunction. Natural gradient winds are obtained using the actual wind. Even in cases for which the wind field is available along with the geostrophic streamfunction, it may be useful to obtain the gradient wind for comparison to the existing analyzed or forecast wind or as a force-balanced reference state. It is shown that the nonanomalous (normal) solution in the case of nonsteady natural gradient wind serves as an upper bound for the actual wind speed. Otherwise, supergradient wind speeds are possible, meaning that a contour gradient wind or the steady natural gradient wind used as an approximation for an actual wind may not be capable of representing the full range of actual wind magnitude. C1 [Brill, Keith F.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Weather Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Brill, KF (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, NCWCP W NP32, Rm 4630,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM keith.brill@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2014 VL 142 IS 4 BP 1460 EP 1471 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00088.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD7IC UT WOS:000333436300005 ER PT J AU Bassim, N Scott, K Giannuzzi, LA AF Bassim, Nabil Scott, Keana Giannuzzi, Lucille A. TI Recent advances in focused ion beam technology and applications SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE focused ion beam (FIB); scanning electron microscopy (SEM); lithography; ion-solid interactions; tomography; 3D microstructure ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; TEM SPECIMEN PREPARATION; SAMPLE PREPARATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS; PLASMA SOURCE; LIFT-OUT; FIB-SEM; LIQUID AB Focused ion beam microscopes are extremely versatile and powerful instruments for materials research. These microscopes, when coupled in a system with a scanning electron microscope, offer the opportunity for novel sample imaging, sectioning, specimen preparation, three-dimensional (3D) nano- to macroscale tomography, and high resolution rapid prototyping. The ability to characterize and create materials features in a site-specific manner at nanoscale resolution has provided key insights into many materials systems. The advent of novel instrumentation, such as new ion sources that encompass more and more of the periodic table, in situ test harnesses such as cryogenic sample holders for sensitive material analyses, novel detector configurations for 3D structural, chemical, and ion contrast characterization, and robust and versatile process automation capabilities, is an exciting development for many fields of materials research. C1 [Bassim, Nabil] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Scott, Keana] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Giannuzzi, Lucille A.] LA Giannuzzi & Associates LLC, Ft Myers, FL USA. [Giannuzzi, Lucille A.] EXpressLO LLC, Ft Myers, FL USA. RP Bassim, N (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nabil.bassim@nrl.navy.mil; keana.scott@nist.gov; lucille@lagiannuzzi.com RI Scott, Keana/J-5717-2015 NR 148 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 67 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0883-7694 EI 1938-1425 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD APR PY 2014 VL 39 IS 4 BP 317 EP 325 DI 10.1557/mrs.2014.52 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA AE6LS UT WOS:000334105100010 ER PT J AU Ng, CKY Dutton, PH Chan, SKF Cheung, KS Qiu, JW Sun, YN AF Ng, Connie Ka-yan Dutton, Peter H. Chan, Simon Kin-fung Cheung, Ka-shing Qiu, Jian-wen Sun, Ya-nan TI Characterization and Conservation Concerns of Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) Nesting in Hong Kong, China SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LEATHERBACK TURTLES; BLOOD-CELLS; SEA-TURTLES; POPULATION; HEMATOLOGY; MORPHOLOGY; GENETICS; ECOLOGY; MARKERS; WINDOWS AB Hong Kong has one of the last remaining nesting populations of endangered green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in southern China. Because nesting individuals are vital to sustain populations, this study characterizes and reports essential baseline information about nesting pattern, postnesting movement, and genetic composition of green turtles nesting in Hong Kong to provide a basis for effective scientific-based management of this migratory species. The number of nesters observed in Hong Kong was relatively low compared with other rookeries in southern China, but the nesting pattern in terms of clutch size and internesting interval was comparable with that of other nearby rookeries. These nesters are likely a remnant of a small population previously depleted as a result of historical harvesting of eggs in Hong Kong. Based on available DNA sequences and literature, we identified two mtDNA haplotypes, CmP18 (which is also common in the rookery in Taiwan) and a novel endemic haplotype (CmP116). We found significant differentiation based on haplotype frequencies between populations in Hong Kong and Lanyu, Taiwan, indicating that these nesting populations are demographically isolated. Loss of these populations would therefore result in loss of genetic diversity for this species in the region. Satellite tracking of the local nesters revealed postnesting movement to foraging habitats in Vietnam and Hainan Island. International cooperation and consistent dedicated research are of paramount importance to conservation and recovery of green turtle assemblages in the region. C1 [Ng, Connie Ka-yan; Chan, Simon Kin-fung; Cheung, Ka-shing] Agr Fisheries & Conservat Dept, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Dutton, Peter H.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Qiu, Jian-wen; Sun, Ya-nan] Hong Kong Baptist Univ, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Ng, CKY (reprint author), Agr Fisheries & Conservat Dept, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM ka_yan_ng@afcd.gov.hk OI Qiu, Jian-Wen/0000-0002-1541-9627 FU Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD) of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China FX We thank the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD) of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China, for the generous support and resources provided for the conservation and research of sea turtles in Hong Kong. We are particularly indebted to the devoted efforts by all colleagues of AFCD involved in the monitoring work. C.K.N. would like to express her thanks and appreciation to Margaret B. Murphy, Paul Kwan-sing Lam of the City University of Hong Kong, and George H. Balazs for mentorship in academic pursuits, and also to Denise Parker for her valuable technical advice and support. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 27 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 EI 1534-6188 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 68 IS 2 BP 231 EP 243 DI 10.2984/68.2.5 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AH6JY UT WOS:000336238400005 ER PT J AU Brumbach, MT Jaye, C Ohlhausen, JT Fischer, D AF Brumbach, Michael T. Jaye, Cherno Ohlhausen, James T. Fischer, Daniel TI Imaging, work function, and compositional changes of thiols on gold via shadow mask ozonolysis SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE NEXAFS; XPS; UPS; imaging; thiol; SAM; pattern; work function ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; FLUORINATED ALKANETHIOLS; CHEMICAL LITHOGRAPHY; UV PHOTOOXIDATION; ORGANIC THIOLS; STATIC SIMS; TAIL-GROUP; FILMS; METAL; SURFACES AB Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkyl and fluorinated thiols were investigated after ozonolysis shadow mask treatments with varying areal domains and after exposure to displacing thiols. Imaging near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy was used as a novel method for investigating the resulting heterogeneous SAM films. Composition and work function were characterized via X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. Imaging NEXAFS characterization of these heterogeneous films clearly shows the displacement of oxidized thiols after ozonolysis patterning. Changes in the SAM after patterning, and after displacement from back-filling thiols, can be inferred from changes in the effective work function. Larger changes in work function were observed for cases where thiols were deposited after ozonolysis suggesting that the displacing SAM was denser and/or more ordered than as-deposited films. These results highlight one of the first demonstrations of imaging NEXAFS and present measurements of effective work function on intentionally heterogeneous SAM films. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Brumbach, Michael T.; Ohlhausen, James T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brumbach, MT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM mtbrumb@sandia.gov FU Sandia National Laboratories Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors are grateful for support from Sandia National Laboratories Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. The inclusion of company names is for completeness and does not represent an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology or Sandia National Laboratories. The authors are grateful for support from Sandia National Laboratories Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0142-2421 EI 1096-9918 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD APR PY 2014 VL 46 IS 4 SI SI BP 229 EP 236 DI 10.1002/sia.5264 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AD4XO UT WOS:000333255300005 ER PT J AU Risch, D Gales, NJ Gedamke, J Kindermann, L Nowacek, DP Read, AJ Siebert, U Van Opzeeland, IC Van Parijs, SM Friedlaender, AS AF Risch, Denise Gales, Nicholas J. Gedamke, Jason Kindermann, Lars Nowacek, Douglas P. Read, Andrew J. Siebert, Ursula Van Opzeeland, Ilse C. Van Parijs, Sofie M. Friedlaender, Ari S. TI Mysterious bio-duck sound attributed to the Antarctic minke whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Balaenoptera bonaerensis; bio-duck; Antarctic minke whale; Southern Ocean; acoustic monitoring AB For decades, the bio-duck sound has been recorded in the Southern Ocean, but the animal producing it has remained a mystery. Heard mainly during austral winter in the Southern Ocean, this ubiquitous sound has been recorded in Antarctic waters and contemporaneously off the Australian west coast. Here, we present conclusive evidence that the bio-duck sound is produced by Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis). We analysed data from multi-sensor acoustic recording tags that included intense bio-duck sounds as well as singular downsweeps that have previously been attributed to this species. This finding allows the interpretation of a wealth of long-term acoustic recordings for this previously acoustically concealed species, which will improve our understanding of the distribution, abundance and behaviour of Antarctic minke whales. This is critical information for a species that inhabits a difficult to access sea-ice environment that is changing rapidly in some regions and has been the subject of contentious lethal sampling efforts and ongoing international legal action. C1 [Risch, Denise] Integrated Stat, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Gales, Nicholas J.] Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. [Gedamke, Jason] NOAA, Fisheries Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kindermann, Lars; Van Opzeeland, Ilse C.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Nowacek, Douglas P.; Read, Andrew J.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Siebert, Ursula] Univ Vet Med Hannover, Inst Terr & Aquat Wildlife Res, D-25761 Busum, Germany. [Van Parijs, Sofie M.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Friedlaender, Ari S.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Risch, D (reprint author), Integrated Stat, 172 Shearwater Way, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. EM denise.risch@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs; US Navy Environmental Readiness Division [N45] FX This research was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs. Additional funding to D.R. was provided by the US Navy Environmental Readiness Division (N45). NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 EI 1744-957X J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 10 IS 4 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2014.0175 PG 5 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AH0MD UT WOS:000335813100017 ER PT J AU Barzilai, S Tavazza, F Levine, LE AF Barzilai, S. Tavazza, F. Levine, L. E. TI Effect of wire configuration and point defects on the conductance of gold nano-conductors SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE conductance; gold nanowire; ab initio calculations ID BAND-STRUCTURE; BEO 0001; CHAINS; ADSORPTION; TRANSPORT; NANOWIRES; JUNCTIONS; ATOMS AB Gold nanowire (NW) chains are considered a good candidate for nano-electronics devices because they exhibit remarkable structural and electrical properties. One promising nano-conductor candidate is called 'Hexa1'. It has a two-dimensional, one atom thick structure and was found to spontaneously form during simulations of gold NWs elongations. It is stable and a good conductor when adsorbed on a suitable substrate. In this study, we deepened the investigation of such a NW structure, to explore the effect of the NWs length, point defects and NW junctions on its conductance. We found that the conductance is not affected by the NW length, and that conveniently placed point defects can be used to create resistors. We also found that direction changes in circuits produce conductance bottle necks, therefore decreasing the conductance. However, this decrease can be easily overcome by adding a few atoms to the NW junction. C1 [Barzilai, S.; Tavazza, F.; Levine, L. E.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Barzilai, S (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM barzilai.shmuel@gmail.com NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 EI 1361-651X J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD APR PY 2014 VL 22 IS 3 AR 035006 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/22/3/035006 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA AH2LM UT WOS:000335952900016 ER PT J AU Downing, RG AF Downing, R. Gregory TI Enhanced reaction rates in NDP analysis with neutron scattering SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS AB Neutron depth profiling (NDP) makes accessible quantitative information on a few isotopic concentration profiles ranging from the surface into the sample a few micrometers. Because the candidate analytes for NDP are few, there is little interference encountered. Furthermore, neutrons have no charge so mixed chemical states in the sample are of no direct concern. There are a few nuclides that exhibit large probabilities for neutron scattering. The effect of neutron scattering on NDP measurements has not previously been evaluated as a basis for either enhancing the reaction rates or as a source of measurement error. Hydrogen is a common element exhibiting large neutron scattering probability found in or around sample volumes being analyzed by NDP. A systematic study was conducted to determine the degree of signal change when neutron scattering occurs during analysis. The relative signal perturbation was evaluated for materials of varied neutron scattering probability, concentration, total mass, and geometry. Signal enhancements up to 50% are observed when the hydrogen density is high and in close proximity to the region of analysis with neutron beams of sub thermal energies. Greater signal enhancements for the same neutron number density are reported for thermal neutron beams. Even adhesive tape used to position the sample produces a measureable signal enhancement. Because of the shallow volume, negligible distortion of the NDP measured profile shape is encountered from neutron scattering. C1 NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Downing, RG (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gregory.downing@nist.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2014 VL 85 IS 4 AR 045109 DI 10.1063/1.4870414 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AH1ZN UT WOS:000335920600075 PM 24784661 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Marquez, FL Bierzychudek, ME Jones, GR Elmquist, RE AF Hernandez-Marquez, F. L. Bierzychudek, M. E. Jones, G. R., Jr. Elmquist, R. E. TI Precision high-value resistance scaling with a two-terminal cryogenic current comparator SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID M-OMEGA; STANDARDS; BRIDGE; SERIES; SYSTEM AB We describe a cryogenic two-terminal high-resistance bridge and its application in precision resistance scaling from the quantized Hall resistance (QHR) at R-H = R-K/2 = 12 906.4035 Omega to decade resistance standards with values between 1 M Omega and 1 G Omega. The design minimizes lead resistance errors with multiterminal connections to the QHR device. A single variable voltage source and resistive ratio windings are utilized to achieve excellent dynamic stability, which is not readily obtained in low-current measurements with conventional cryogenic current comparators (CCCs). Prototypes of this bridge have been verified by a successful international comparison of high-resistance scaling using two-terminal CCCs in the national metrology institutes of Argentina, Mexico, and the United States. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Hernandez-Marquez, F. L.] Ctr Nacl Metrol, Queretaro 76900, Mexico. [Bierzychudek, M. E.] Inst Nacl Tecnol Ind, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Jones, G. R., Jr.; Elmquist, R. E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Elmquist, RE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM relmquist@nist.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2014 VL 85 IS 4 AR 044701 DI 10.1063/1.4869240 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AH1ZN UT WOS:000335920600046 PM 24784632 ER PT J AU Jimenez-Martinez, R Knappe, S Kitching, J AF Jimenez-Martinez, R. Knappe, S. Kitching, J. TI An optically modulated zero-field atomic magnetometer with suppressed spin-exchange broadening SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID WEAK MAGNETIC-FIELDS; RESONANCE AB We demonstrate an optically pumped Rb-87 magnetometer in a microfabricated vapor cell based on a zero-field dispersive resonance generated by optical modulation of the Rb-87 ground state energy levels. The magnetometer is operated in the spin-exchange relaxation-free regime where high magnetic field sensitivities can be achieved. This device can be useful in applications requiring array-based magnetometers where radio frequency magnetic fields can induce cross-talk among adjacent sensors or affect the source of the magnetic field being measured. C1 [Jimenez-Martinez, R.; Knappe, S.; Kitching, J.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jimenez-Martinez, R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Jimenez-Martinez, R (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU Roberto Rocca Education Program FX The authors thank O. Alem and K. Beloy for useful comments on the manuscript. R.J.M. acknowledges support from the Roberto Rocca Education Program. This work is a contribution of NIST, an agency of the U.S. government, and is not subject to copyright. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 40 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2014 VL 85 IS 4 AR 045124 DI 10.1063/1.4872075 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AH1ZN UT WOS:000335920600090 PM 24784676 ER PT J AU Andriolo, A Zerbini, AN MoreiraA, S Pizzorno, JL Danilewicz, D Maia, YG Mamede, N Castro, FR Clapham, P AF Andriolo, Artur Zerbini, Alexandre N. MoreiraA, Sergio Pizzorno, Jose L. Danilewicz, Daniel Maia, Ygor G. Mamede, Natalia De Castro, Franciele R. Clapham, Phillip TI What do humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae (Cetartiodactyla: Balaenopteridae) pairs do after tagging? SO ZOOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Cetacean; large whale; satellite telemetry; social behavior; SSSM ID BRAZIL BREEDING STOCK; POPULATION COMPOSITION; SATELLITE TRACKING; FEEDING GROUNDS; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; SOUTHERN GULF; MIGRATION; HABITAT; WATERS AB The social structure of humpback whales in their tropical wintering grounds is very fluid. To date, no information has been published for cases in which two whales were both satellite-tagged while in association. Here, we report the movements of four humpback whale pairs tagged together off the coast of Brazil. Fieldwork and satellite tagging of humpback whales was conducted between 2003 and 2008 along the eastern coast of Brazil, between 20 S and 8 S. Movement was monitored while whales were still in their breeding ground. A switching state space model was applied to the filtered data of each humpback whale to standardize telemetry data and allow direct comparison of each individual track. GIS was used to plot model-predicted locations and to visually compare animal movements. The results confirm the short-lived nature of associations between breeding humpback whales, and shows that individuals differ widely in their movements. C1 [Andriolo, Artur; Mamede, Natalia; De Castro, Franciele R.] Univ Fed Juiz Fora, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Zool, BR-36036900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.; Clapham, Phillip] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Andriolo, Artur; Zerbini, Alexandre N.; MoreiraA, Sergio; Pizzorno, Jose L.; Danilewicz, Daniel; Maia, Ygor G.; Mamede, Natalia; De Castro, Franciele R.] Inst Aqualie, BR-36033310 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. [MoreiraA, Sergio] Univ Fed Rural Rio Janeiro, Inst Florestas, Dept Ciencias Ambientais, Lab Bioacilst Ecol Cetoceos, BR-23890000 Seropedica, RI, Brazil. [Danilewicz, Daniel] Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Dept Ciencias Biol, BR-45662900 Ilheus, BA, Brazil. RP Andriolo, A (reprint author), Univ Fed Juiz Fora, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Zool, Rua Jose Lourengo, BR-36036900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. EM artur.andriolo@ufjf.edu.br RI Danilewicz, Daniel /O-5024-2014; Andriolo, Artur/K-5624-2013; Zerbini, Alexandre/G-4138-2012 OI Andriolo, Artur/0000-0002-5582-0183; FU Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) [200619/2010-1 PDE]; Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) [200.285/98-0]; Cetacean Assessment and Ecology Program NMML/AFSC/NMFS/NOAA; WACFWRU/SAFS/UW; CNPq [CMC 026/02-028/03]; Brazilian Environmental Agency (IBAMA) [009/02/CMA/IBAMA, 02001.000085/02-27]; ICMBio [11523-1] FX The Exploration and Production Division of Shell Brasil S.A have funded this study. We thank F. Caravello, P. Garcia and J. van den Dries for their interest in and support of the project. M.P. Heide-Jorgensen, M.V. Jensen, and A.V. Jensen professionally carried out tag deployment. Logistical and administrative support was provided by Biodinamica Engenharia & Meio Ambiente, the National Marine Mammal Laboratory (NMML) and the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (WACFWRU), School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences (SAFS), University of Washington (UW), Cascadia Research Collective and GEMARS. DNA extraction and gender determination were carried out by C. Miyaki and T. Matsumoto, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil, and A.L. Cypriano de Souza, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Assistance in the field was provided by P.C. Simoes-Lopes, G. VanBlaricon, L.C.P. de S. Alves, M.A.B. Crespo, M. de O. Dutra, M.C. de Lyra, E. Marone, J.V.A. Rocha, S. Moreira, S.M. Simao and the Atlantico Sul team in 2008. J. Waite, J. Sterling, M. Fergusson, and G. Schorr made suggestions and comments on the analysis and figures. A. Andriolo was post-doctorate at the National Marine Mammal Laboratory/NOAA supported by Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, grant #200619/2010-1 PDE). The Brazilian Council supported A.N.Z. for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, grant #200.285/98-0), the Cetacean Assessment and Ecology Program NMML/AFSC/NMFS/NOAA, and the WACFWRU/SAFS/UW. This study was conducted under permits issued by CNPq (grant #CMC 026/02-028/03) and the Brazilian Environmental Agency (IBAMA, permit #009/02/CMA/IBAMA, process #02001.000085/02-27, ICMBio #11523-1). NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 33 PU SOC BRASILEIRA ZOOLOGIA, UNIV FEDERAL PARANA PI CURITIBA PA CAIXA POSTAL 19020, CURITIBA, PARANA 81531-980, BRAZIL SN 1984-4670 J9 ZOOLOGIA-CURITIBA JI Zoologia PD APR PY 2014 VL 31 IS 2 BP 105 EP 113 DI 10.1590/S1984-46702014000200001 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AH3DW UT WOS:000336004500001 ER PT J AU Ronchi, E Reneke, PA Kuligowski, ED Peacock, RD AF Ronchi, Enrico Reneke, Paul A. Kuligowski, Erica D. Peacock, Richard D. TI An analysis of evacuation travel paths on stair landings by means of conditional probabilities SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Building evacuation; Merging flows; Pedestrian movement; Travel paths; Conditional probabilities AB This paper analyses data on occupants' movement on stair landings collected during an evacuation drill performed in a six-storey office building in the United States. A total of 215 occupant travel path trajectories were filmed and time on the stair landings and egress behaviours were analysed. Data were analysed using a probabilistic approach, i.e., The probability of different occupant travel paths were calculated in relation to two different factors: (1) crowding on the landings, and (2) the type of interactions between occupants (e.g., merging flows, deference/overtaking behaviours, etc.). Results showed that a higher number of occupants on stair landings caused an increase in the probability for (1) longer travel paths and (2) usage of the outer boundaries on the stair/landing connections. This paper highlights that data and modelling assumptions should be used after a careful evaluation of their field of applicability. In the case of a low occupant load and non-homogenous merging streams (a higher number of people entering the landing from the stairs than the door), floors tend to be emptied from the top to the bottom. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ronchi, Enrico] Lund Univ, Dept Fire Safety Engn, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Reneke, Paul A.; Kuligowski, Erica D.; Peacock, Richard D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ronchi, E (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Fire Safety Engn, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. EM enrico.ronchi@brand.lth.se OI Ronchi, Enrico/0000-0002-2789-6359 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 EI 1873-7226 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD APR PY 2014 VL 65 BP 30 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2014.02.001 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AG7QG UT WOS:000335612300004 ER PT J AU Cheng, G Hammouda, B Perahia, D AF Cheng, Gang Hammouda, Boualem Perahia, Dvora TI Polystyrene-block-Polyisoprene Diblock-Copolymer Micelles: Coupled Pressure and Temperature Effects SO MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE block-copolymer micelles; pressure; small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MICELLIZATION; PROPANE; MODEL; MELTS; CORE; THERMODYNAMICS; POLYBUTADIENE; ENCAPSULATION AB The structural changes of diblock-copolymer micelles under pressures from 200 to 16 000 psi are investigated using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Asymmetric polystyrene-block-polyisoprene (PS-PI) diblock copolymers are dissolved in decane, a selective solvent for PI, to form spherical micelles with a core of PS and a corona of PI. The micellar solutions are put under pressure at temperatures of 25 to 60 degrees C. At room temperature, elevating the pressure from 200 to 16 000 psi has no effect on the size of the micelles. While the micellar solutions remain stable, instantaneous association of micelles is detected. In contrast to micelles at atmospheric pressure, increasing the temperature at elevated pressures does not lead to dissociation of micelles; instead, the micelles aggregate and evolve into sheet-like structures, reminiscent of a macroscopic phase separation. Furthermore, higher pressures lead to a smaller temperature range in which shape transitions take place. C1 [Cheng, Gang] Beijing Univ Chem Technol, Beijing Key Lab Bioproc, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Cheng, Gang] Beijing Univ Chem Technol, Coll Life Sci & Technol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Cheng, Gang; Perahia, Dvora] Clemson Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Cheng, Gang; Perahia, Dvora] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cheng, G (reprint author), Beijing Univ Chem Technol, Beijing Key Lab Bioproc, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM gchengbuct@gmail.com; dperahi@g.clemson.edu FU NSF [DMR-0203660]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX The authors acknowledge the support of NSF DMR-0203660. G.C. acknowledges Beijing University of Chemical Technology. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. This work is based upon activities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under agreement no. DMR-0944772. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1352 EI 1521-3935 J9 MACROMOL CHEM PHYS JI Macromol. Chem. Phys. PD APR PY 2014 VL 215 IS 8 BP 776 EP 782 DI 10.1002/macp.201300760 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AF3CM UT WOS:000334589100009 ER PT J AU Szakal, C Roberts, SM Westerhoff, P Bartholomaeus, A Buck, N Illuminato, I Canady, R Rogers, M AF Szakal, Christopher Roberts, Stephen M. Westerhoff, Paul Bartholomaeus, Andrew Buck, Neil Illuminato, Ian Canady, Richard Rogers, Michael TI Measurement of Nanomaterials in Foods: Integrative Consideration of Challenges and Future Prospects SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article ID SILVER NANOPARTICLES; NANOTECHNOLOGY; COMPOSITES AB The risks and benefits of nanomaterials in foods and food contact materials receive conflicting international attention across expert stakeholder groups as well as in news media coverage and published research. Current nanomaterial characterization is complicated by the lack of accepted approaches to measure exposure-relevant occurrences of suspected nanomaterials in food and by broad definitions related to food processing and additive materials. Therefore, to improve understanding of risk and benefit, analytical methods are needed to identify what materials, new or traditional, are "nanorelevant" with respect to biological interaction and/or uptake during alimentary tract transit. Challenges to method development in this arena include heterogeneity in nanomaterial composition and morphology, food matrix complexity, alimentary tract diversity, and analytical method limitations. Clear problem formulation is required to overcome these and other challenges and to improve understanding of biological fate In facilitating the assessment of nanomaterial safety or benefit, including sampling strategies relevant to food production/consumption and alimentary tract transit. In this Perspective, we discuss critical knowledge gaps that must be addressed so that measurement methods can better inform risk management and public policy. C1 [Szakal, Christopher] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Roberts, Stephen M.] Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Dept Environm & Global Hlth, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Westerhoff, Paul] Arizona State Univ, Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Bartholomaeus, Andrew] Univ Canberra, Sch Pharm, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Bartholomaeus, Andrew] Univ Queensland, Therapeut Res Unit, Sch Med, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Buck, Neil] ILSI Europe Novel Foods & Nanotechnol Task Force, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. [Illuminato, Ian] Friends Earth, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Canady, Richard] ILSI Res Fdn, Ctr Risk Sci Innovat & Applicat, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Rogers, Michael] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Rogers, Michael] Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Gastrointestinal Physiol, New Jersey Inst Food Nutr & Hlth, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Rogers, M (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM rogers@aesop.rutgers.edu RI Bartholomaeus, Andrew/F-4417-2014; Rogers, Michael/J-1752-2014 OI Bartholomaeus, Andrew/0000-0002-9095-8460; FU Pew Charitable Trusts; U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Health Canada; ILSI North America; Coca-Cola Company; Illinois Institute of Technology's Institute for Food Safety and Health; ILSI Research Foundation FX We dedicate this article to the memory of Dr. John A. Milner, an internationally renowned, extensively published, and well-respected researcher in human nutrition. Dr. Milner was a highly valued contributor to the NanoRelease Food Additive project, and we are very grateful for his expertise and efforts as well as his friendship and guidance. Experts were convened and initial framing concepts were developed for this paper by the NanoRelease Food Additive Steering Committee (http://www.ilsi.org/ResearchFoundation/RSIA/Pages/FoodAdditiveSteeringC ommittee.aspx and http://www.ilsi.org/ResearchFoundatlon/RSIA/Pages/NRFA_TaskGroupl.aspx), which operates as an independent public-private partnership. This phase of the project was funded by the Pew Charitable Trusts, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Health Canada, ILSI North America, the Coca-Cola Company, the Illinois Institute of Technology's Institute for Food Safety and Health, and the ILSI Research Foundation. Substantial in-kind support was provided by the Nanotechnology Industries Association. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified to adequately specify the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 30 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD APR PY 2014 VL 8 IS 4 BP 3128 EP 3135 DI 10.1021/nn501108g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AF8UH UT WOS:000334990600004 PM 24673283 ER PT J AU Campoy-Quiles, M Alonso, MI Bradley, DDC Richter, LJ AF Campoy-Quiles, Mariano Isabel Alonso, M. Bradley, Donal D. C. Richter, Lee J. TI Advanced Ellipsometric Characterization of Conjugated Polymer Films SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Review DE organic semiconductors; ellipsometry; optical properties; morphology; real-time in-situ spectroscopy ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ANISOTROPIC OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; POLYMER/FULLERENE BLEND FILMS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DEPENDENCE; ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC BLENDS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; THIN-FILMS; SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; SOLAR-CELLS AB Conjugated polymers are attracting worldwide attention due to their potential for use as the active layer in advanced electronic, optoelectronic, and energy harvesting applications, and their cost-effective and low thermal budget processing traits. As the technologies based on these materials develop, new and more sensitive characterization techniques are needed. Recent progress on the use of spectroscopic ellipsometry as a highly sensitive and non-invasive method to obtain fundamental information about conjugated polymer films is reviewed. After a brief introduction to the practical details of the technique, the use of ellipsometry to determine optical parameters that provide insight into film morphology is described, including physical phase and molecular orientation, and resulting electronic structure. The characterization of layered systems and the use of in-situ ellipsometry as a means to gain understanding of the kinetics that occur during film deposition and post-deposition thermal and solvent vapor treatment is also discussed. C1 [Campoy-Quiles, Mariano; Isabel Alonso, M.] Inst Ciencia Mat Barcelona ICMAB CSIC, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. [Bradley, Donal D. C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Bradley, Donal D. C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Plast Elect, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Richter, Lee J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Campoy-Quiles, M (reprint author), Inst Ciencia Mat Barcelona ICMAB CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. EM mcampoy@icmab.es RI Alonso, Maria Isabel/A-2011-2008; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016; Campoy-Quiles, Mariano/A-7768-2013 OI Alonso, Maria Isabel/0000-0001-7669-5871; Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724; Campoy-Quiles, Mariano/0000-0002-8911-640X FU Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [MAT2009-10642, CSD2010-00044, MAT2012-37776]; EPSRC [EPSRC EP/H000917/1, EPSRC EP/F061609/1] FX The authors thank Bernhard Dorling (ICMAB), Dr. Miquel Garriga (ICMAB), Prof. Alejandro R. Goni (ICMAB), Prof. Pablo Etchegoin (Victoria University, NZ), C. Muller (Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden), Paul Stavrinou (Imperial College London), and Prof. Jenny Nelson (Imperial College London) for very useful discussions and comments. The authors also thank Dr. Colin Belton (Imperial College) for fabricating the F8DP/PDMS bilayer structures (Figure 11). M. C.-Q. thanks the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad for funding through projects MAT2009-10642, CSD2010-00044 (Consolider NANOTHERM) and MAT2012-37776. D. D. C. B. is the Lee-Lucas Professor of Experimental Physics and acknowledges financial support from the EPSRC via the Active Plasmonics (EPSRC EP/H000917/1) and Hypix (EPSRC EP/F061609/1) grants. NR 156 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 15 U2 127 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD APR PY 2014 VL 24 IS 15 BP 2116 EP 2134 DI 10.1002/adfm.201303060 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AE8VQ UT WOS:000334281400001 ER PT J AU Kiffney, PM Buhle, ER Naman, SM Pess, GR Klett, RS AF Kiffney, P. M. Buhle, E. R. Naman, S. M. Pess, G. R. Klett, R. S. TI Linking resource availability and habitat structure to stream organisms: an experimental and observational assessment SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE anadromous; body size; bottom-up; Chironomidae (Diptera); fish; growth; Oncorhynchus kisutch Walbaum; physical habitat structure; resource subsidies; restoration; scale; streams; Washington, USA ID JUVENILE COHO SALMON; SOUTHEAST ALASKAN STREAMS; MARINE-DERIVED NUTRIENTS; FOOD WEBS; PACIFIC SALMON; SPAWNING SALMON; WOODY DEBRIS; FRESH-WATER; EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH AB An experiment and a mark-recapture field study of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were conducted to identify controls of key energy flow chains in river food webs. In the small-scale experiment, we investigated the individual and interactive effects of physical habitat structure (PHS) as small wood and resource availability (tissue of adult Chinook salmon, O. tshawytscha) on nutrients, algae, invertebrates, and fish predators including juvenile coho. In the field, we quantified the effects of natural variation in prey availability (invertebrate drift biomass), PHS (wood), and local fish density on summer growth of juvenile coho across multiple stream reaches. Adding salmon tissue to experimental channels resulted in strong bottom-up effects on select invertebrates including increased population biomass of chironomids and baetids, the numerically dominant invertebrates, and faster growth of juvenile coho. We link the enhanced growth of coho to chironomid productivity: for instance, adult chironomid flux was 4.3x higher and coho consumption of these animals 3x higher in salmon-subsidized channels. PHS in experimental channels was associated with reduced algal biomass, potentially in response to increased invertebrate consumption, and invertebrate flux or export. The field study revealed coho growth was negatively related to PHS and total fish density and positively related to Diptera drift biomass; however, the effects of fish density and drift biomass on coho growth were relatively weak. The field study also indicated that prey resource availability and coho growth were associated with differences in canopy cover, with prey biomass and coho growth 2-4x higher in reaches receiving more sunlight. As in the experiment, coho in natural stream reaches predominantly fed on adult chironomids and other Diptera, indicating that these taxa and life-stages are a key link between the benthic food web and mobile vertebrate predators. Our study showed that bottom-up processes initiated by salmon subsidies and possibly light flux determined key trophic interactions in the Cedar River food web. Moreover, we speculate that PHS may modify some of these interactions indirectly through its effects on the movement of organisms through the environment. C1 [Kiffney, P. M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div,Watershed Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kiffney, P. M.; Naman, S. M.; Pess, G. R.; Klett, R. S.] Hedmark Univ Coll, Dept Forestry & Wildlife Management, NO-2418 Elverum, Norway. [Buhle, E. R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ecosystem Anal Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Kiffney, PM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div,Watershed Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM peter.kiffney@noaa.gov FU Cedar River Anadromous Fish Commission; Seattle Public Utilities; NOAA-Five College Internship Program; Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX We would like to thank J. Cram and numerous undergraduate interns for helping with the experiment and sample processing. D. Chapin, D. Paige, H. Barnett, K. Burton, P. Faulds, G. Sprague, B. Bachen and staff at Seattle Public Utilities Cedar River Watershed helped with logistics and planning. W. Reichert and the NWFSC Stable Isotope Facility analyzed isotope samples and M. Liermann provided statistical advice. We appreciate the constructive comments of L. Marczak, J. Kiernan, K. Macneale, P. Roni, J. Ferguson, W. Cross and two anonymous reviewers on earlier drafts of the manuscript. The Cedar River Anadromous Fish Commission, Seattle Public Utilities, NOAA-Five College Internship Program, and the Northwest Fisheries Science Center supported this research. Fish used in this study were handled under a permit issued by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife to Seattle Public Utilities. NR 126 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 10 U2 71 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD APR PY 2014 VL 5 IS 4 AR 39 DI 10.1890/ES13-00269.1 PG 27 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AF9BT UT WOS:000335010800002 ER PT J AU Xu, YX Richlen, ML Morton, SL Mak, YL Chan, LL Tekiau, A Anderson, DM AF Xu, Yixiao Richlen, Mindy L. Morton, Steve L. Mak, Yim Ling Chan, Leo Lai Tekiau, Aranteiti Anderson, Donald M. TI Distribution, abundance and diversity of Gambierdiscus spp. from a ciguatera-endemic area in Marakei, Republic of Kiribati SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Ciguatera fish poisoning; Ciguatoxins; Gambierdiscus; Ostreopsis; HABs; Kiribati ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATE; GENUS GAMBIERDISCUS; INDIAN-OCEAN; FOOD-CHAIN; SP-NOV; DINOPHYCEAE; GONYAULACALES; TEMPERATURE; SEASONALITY AB Ciguatera is a serious seafood poisoning syndrome caused by the consumption of ciguatoxin-contaminated finfish from tropical and subtropical regions. This study examined the community structure of ciguatera-associated dinoflagellates and the distribution pattern, taxonomy and toxicity of Gambierdiscus spp. from a high-risk area of Marakei, Republic of Kiribati. The genera Gambierdiscus, Prorocentrum, Ostreopsis, Amphidinium and Coolie were present, and generally the former three dominated the dinoflagellate assemblage. Among these three, Gambierdiscus was the most abundant dinoflagellate genus observed at three of the four sites sampled, two of which (Sites 1 and 2) were on the northern half of the island and two (Sites 3 and 4) on the southern half. The following patterns of abundance were observed among sites: (1) Average Gambierdiscus spp. abundance at the northern sites exceeded the southern sites by a factor of 1954; and (2) Gambierdiscus spp. abundance at shallow sites (2-3 m) exceeded deeper sites (10-15 m). The distribution of Gambierdiscus spp. at Marakei corresponded with previously observed patterns of fish toxicity, with fish from southern locations being much less toxic than fish sampled north of the central channel. DNA sequencing identified three Gambierdiscus species (Gambierdiscus coupenteri, Gambierdiscus belizeanus, Gambierdiscus pacificus) and three previously unreported ribotypes (Gambierdiscus sp. type 4, Gambierdiscus sp. type 5, Gambierdiscus sp. type 6) in the samples; Gambierdiscus sp. type 4 may represent a Pacific clade of Gambierdiscus sp. ribotype 1. Toxicity analyses determined that Gambierdiscus sp. type 4 isolates were more toxic than the Gambierdiscus sp. type 5 and G. pacificus isolates, with toxin contents of 2.6-6.0 (mean: 4.3 +/- 1.4), 0.010 and 0.011 fg P-CTX-1 eq cell(-1), respectively. Despite low densities of Gambierdiscus spp. observed at Marakei relative to other studies in other parts of the world, the presence of low and moderately toxic populations may be sufficient to render the western coast of Marakei a high-risk area for ciguatera. The long history of toxicity along the western side of Marakei suggests that large-scale oceanographic forcings that regulate the distribution of Gambierdiscus spp. along the western side of Marakei may have remained relatively stable over that time. Chronic as well as acute exposure to ciguatoxins may therefore pose an important human health impact to the residents of Marakei. (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Yixiao] Nanjing Univ, Sch Geog & Oceanog Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Xu, Yixiao; Richlen, Mindy L.; Anderson, Donald M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Morton, Steve L.] NOAA, NOS, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Mak, Yim Ling; Chan, Leo Lai] City Univ Hong Kong, Res Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, State Key Lab Marine Pollut, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Tekiau, Aranteiti] Minist Fisheries & Marine Resources Dev, Div Fisheries, Tarawa, Kiribati. RP Richlen, ML (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM xuyixiao_77@163.com; mrichlen@whoi.edu; steve.morton@noaa.gov; yimlmak@cityu.edu.hk; leochan@cityu.edu.hk; teiti09@gmail.com; danderson@whoi.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U01 EH000421]; USFDA [F223201000060C]; NOAA NOS (Cooperative Agreement) [NA11NOS4780060, NA11NOS478002]; National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973 Program) [2013CB956503]; Nonprofit Research Project for the State Oceanic Administration (China) [201005006-01]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41276110] FX The authors thank the Ministry of Fisheries & Marine Resources Development (MFMRD) of the Government of Kiribati for their support, the residents of Marakei for their kindness, hospitality and assistance with field activities, and the China Scholarship Council for their financial support. We also thank Taylor Sehein for her assistance and two anonymous reviewers for their comments. Funding for this work was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U01 EH000421), USFDA (F223201000060C), NOAA NOS (Cooperative Agreement NA11NOS4780060, NA11NOS4780028), National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973 Program, 2013CB956503), the Nonprofit Research Project for the State Oceanic Administration (China, 201005006-01), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41276110). This is ECOHAB contribution number ECO787.[SS] NR 57 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD APR PY 2014 VL 34 BP 56 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2014.02.007 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AG2VX UT WOS:000335276300007 ER PT J AU Matolak, DW Remley, KA Holloway, CL Zhang, Q Wu, Q AF Matolak, David W. Remley, Kate A. Holloway, Christopher L. Zhang, Qian Wu, Qiong TI Large-Scale Site and Frequency Diversity in Urban Peer-to-Peer Channels for Six Public-Safety Frequency Bands SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Channel characterization and modeling; propagation; public safety; wireless system ID WIRELESS NETWORKS; PROPAGATION; COMMUNICATION; MULTIPATH; INDOOR; MODEL AB We report on peer-to-peer large-scale wireless channel characteristics for an urban environment in six public-safety bands, for five simultaneous receiving sites. Results are based upon measurements taken in Denver in July 2009 with stationary receivers and a pedestrian transmitter. The six frequencies at which we measured are (in MHz) 430, 750, 905, 1834, 2400, and 4860. We quantify both site and frequency diversity, and show that 5-site selection yields minimum average gains of 15 dB in mean received power levels; 5-site selection diversity also reduces received power variation by 17-29 dB, depending on frequency. Frequency diversity yields similar gains. By approximating received powers as lognormal, we describe an analytical method to approximate the cdf of the per-site, or per-frequency (or both) maximum received power. These data and diversity models should be useful for public-safety and ad hoc communication system designers, and for cooperative diversity schemes, wherein multiple users act as a virtual array. C1 [Matolak, David W.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Remley, Kate A.; Holloway, Christopher L.] NIST, Dept Commerce, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zhang, Qian; Wu, Qiong] Ohio Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Matolak, DW (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM matolak@sc.edu; kate.remley@nist.gov FU NIST Public Safety Communications Research Laboratory within the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards FX For their assistance in measurements, the authors thank Galen Koepke, Jason Coder, and Dennis Camell of NIST. We thank William F. Young of NIST for developing the uncertainty analysis for the measurement system. This work was funded by the NIST Public Safety Communications Research Laboratory within the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards, Dereck Orr, Program Manager. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1276 EI 1558-2248 J9 IEEE T WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. PD APR PY 2014 VL 13 IS 4 BP 2025 EP 2033 DI 10.1109/TWC.2014.022614.130816 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AG1DA UT WOS:000335154100024 ER PT J AU Li, JM Qi, YQ Jing, ZY Wang, J AF Li, Junmin Qi, Yiquan Jing, Zhiyou Wang, Jia TI Enhancement of eddy-Ekman pumping inside anticyclonic eddies with wind-parallel extension: Satellite observations and numerical studies in the South China Sea SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Eddies; Ekman pumping; Wind-parallel extension; The South China Sea; Monsoons; Chlorophylls ID MESOSCALE EDDIES; SARGASSO SEA; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; WINTER 2003/2004; PHYTOPLANKTON; NUTRIENT; MONSOON; OCEAN; DISTRIBUTIONS; SURFACE AB Eddy-Ekman pumping was recently proposed as a potential mechanism to explain the high chlorophyll (Chl) concentrations inside anticyclonic eddies (AEs). In this paper, the influence of eddy-shape changes on the strength of eddy-Ekman pumping is investigated for AEs in the South China Sea (SCS) through multi-satellite data and numerical experiments. The results mainly indicate that wind-parallel (-perpendicular) extensions may enhance (reduce) eddy-Ekman pumping inside AEs. First an AE detected in northern SCS winter shows significant Chl-wind relation and uplifted near-surface isopycnals when its shape extension becomes parallel with the wind direction. In addition, satellite observations indicate significant eddy-Ekman-pumping signals appear in the central-northern SCS during the winter monsoon and in the central-eastern SCS during the winter and summer monsoons, whenever and wherever AEs' shapes show wind-parallel extensions. This regional-seasonal characteristic is further confirmed by the numerical experiments, which display a positive linear relationship between wind-parallel projective length and the strength of eddy-Ekman pumping. This study may contribute to extend the theory of eddy-Ekman pumping with emphasizing the importance of eddy shapes and wind directions, especially in the situations that high spatial-temporal variability appears in eddies and/or the wind field. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Junmin; Qi, Yiquan; Jing, Zhiyou] Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Wang, Jia] NOAA Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Jing, ZY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog LTO, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM jingzhiyou@scsio.ac.cn RI Jing, Zhiyou/C-8747-2016; OI Wang, Jia/0000-0003-4154-9721 FU Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA11010203, XDA11020201]; Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-EW-204, SQ201101]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [U1033003, 41 276022, 41230962]; NOAA Climate Program Office FX This study is supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA11010203 and XDA11020201), the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-EW-204 and SQ201101) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1033003, 41 276022 and 41230962). JW is supported by NOAA Climate Program Office. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD APR PY 2014 VL 132 BP 150 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.02.002 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AE6XN UT WOS:000334141400013 ER PT J AU Manley, ME Lynn, JW Abernathy, DL Specht, ED Delaire, O Bishop, AR Sahul, R Budai, JD AF Manley, M. E. Lynn, J. W. Abernathy, D. L. Specht, E. D. Delaire, O. Bishop, A. R. Sahul, R. Budai, J. D. TI Phonon localization drives polar nanoregions in a relaxor ferroelectric SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ANDERSON LOCALIZATION; CRYSTALS; SCATTERING; BEHAVIOR; MODES AB Relaxor ferroelectrics exemplify a class of functional materials where interplay between disorder and phase instability results in inhomogeneous nanoregions. Although known for about 30 years, there is no definitive explanation for polar nanoregions (PNRs). Here we show that ferroelectric phonon localization drives PNRs in relaxor ferroelectric PMN-30% PT using neutron scattering. At the frequency of a preexisting resonance mode, nanoregions of standing ferroelectric phonons develop with a coherence length equal to one wavelength and the PNR size. Anderson localization of ferroelectric phonons by resonance modes explains our observations and, with nonlinear slowing, the PNRs and relaxor properties. Phonon localization at additional resonances near the zone edges explains competing antiferroelectric distortions known to occur at the zone edges. Our results indicate the size and shape of PNRs that are not dictated by complex structural details, as commonly assumed, but by phonon resonance wave vectors. This discovery could guide the design of next generation relaxor ferroelectrics. C1 [Manley, M. E.; Specht, E. D.; Delaire, O.; Budai, J. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lynn, J. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Abernathy, D. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bishop, A. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sahul, R.] TRS Technol, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. RP Manley, ME (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM manleyme@ornl.gov RI Abernathy, Douglas/A-3038-2012; Manley, Michael/N-4334-2015; BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012; Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Abernathy, Douglas/0000-0002-3533-003X; Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX Research was sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The portion of this research performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. We acknowledge discussions with Takeshi Egami, Sergey Vakhrushev and Alexander Taganstev. We also thank Judy Pang, Ben Larson and Chen Li for proof reading the manuscript. NR 44 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 78 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD APR PY 2014 VL 5 AR 3683 DI 10.1038/ncomms4683 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AG2CB UT WOS:000335221900002 PM 24718289 ER PT J AU White, JW Rassweiler, A Samhouri, JF Stier, AC White, C AF White, J. Wilson Rassweiler, Andrew Samhouri, Jameal F. Stier, Adrian C. White, Crow TI Ecologists should not use statistical significance tests to interpret simulation model results SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID PREDATOR-PREY SYSTEMS; FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE; SENSITIVITY; COMMUNITY; CLASSIFICATION; POPULATION; INDICATORS; DISPERSAL; STABILITY; ECOSYSTEM AB Simulation models are widely used to represent the dynamics of ecological systems. A common question with such models is how changes to a parameter value or functional form in the model alter the results. Some authors have chosen to answer that question using frequentist statistical hypothesis tests (e.g. ANOVA). This is inappropriate for two reasons. First, p-values are determined by statistical power (i.e. replication), which can be arbitrarily high in a simulation context, producing minuscule p-values regardless of the effect size. Second, the null hypothesis of no difference between treatments (e.g. parameter values) is known a priori to be false, invalidating the premise of the test. Use of p-values is troublesome (rather than simply irrelevant) because small p-values lend a false sense of importance to observed differences. We argue that modelers should abandon this practice and focus on evaluating the magnitude of differences between simulations. Synthesis Researchers analyzing field or lab data often test ecological hypotheses using frequentist statistics (t-tests, ANOVA, etc.) that focus on p-values. Field and lab data usually have limited sample sizes, and p-values are valuable for quantifying the probability of making incorrect inferences in that situation. However, modern ecologists increasingly rely on simulation models to address complex questions, and those who were trained in frequentist statistics often apply the hypothesis-testing approach inappropriately to their simulation results. Our paper explains why p-values are not informative for interpreting simulation models, and suggests better ways to evaluate the ecological significance of model results. C1 [White, J. Wilson] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Rassweiler, Andrew] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Samhouri, Jameal F.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Stier, Adrian C.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [White, Crow] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP White, JW (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. EM whitejw@uncw.edu FU Florida Sea Grant [PD/12-18]; Killam Fellowship FX Authorship statement: all authors designed the study; JWW wrote the manuscript with input from all authors. AR, JFS, ACS and CW contributed equally and their author order is alphabetical. JWW was supported by Florida Sea Grant PD/12-18. ACS was supported by a Killam Fellowship. We thank the Subject Editor for suggestions that improved this manuscript. We also respectfully acknowledge the authors whose works we singled out for discussion. We thank O. Shelton, M. Mangel and the Subject Editor for suggestions that improved the manuscript. NR 29 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 8 U2 59 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0030-1299 EI 1600-0706 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD APR PY 2014 VL 123 IS 4 BP 385 EP 388 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.01073.x PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AE9MD UT WOS:000334331000001 ER PT J AU Li, J Du, J Zhang, DL Cui, CG Liao, YS AF Li, Jun Du, Jun Zhang, Da-Lin Cui, Chunguang Liao, Yishan TI Ensemble-based analysis and sensitivity of mesoscale forecasts of a vortex over southwest China SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE targeted observation; ensemble analysis; real-time research; Southwest Vortex; ensemble sensitivity; ensemble prediction system ID STORM RECONNAISSANCE PROGRAM; ADAPTIVE OBSERVATIONS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; ADJOINT-SENSITIVITY; TARGETED OBSERVATIONS; SINGULAR VECTORS; TIBETAN PLATEAU; KALMAN FILTER; INITIAL PERTURBATIONS; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS AB In this study, an ensemble analysis and sensitivity experiment of a mesovortex over southwest China (Southwest Vortex, SWV) are performed with a regional ensemble prediction system in order to demonstrate: (i) the usefulness of an ensemble prediction system for diagnosing the dynamical and thermodynamical characteristics leading to the SWV's eastward movement and growth; and (ii) the potential importance of adopting targeted observations in improving short-range weather forecasts by applying a simple technique. Results show significant variations in forecast performance, ranging from good to poor, among 11 ensemble members. By examining two distinct clusters ('moving' and 'staggering') of the ensemble members it is found that a strong upper-level trough with positive vorticity advection near the vortex centre, its westward vertical tilt and lower-level downstream wet and upstream dry moisture configuration favour the eastward movement and growth of the SWV. Ensemble sensitivity analysis shows that: (i) a simple correlation-based ensemble sensitivity method works well in identifying sensitive areas of mesoscale forecasts of the SWV; (ii) the forecast of the SWV movement and intensity is especially sensitive to initial conditions of horizontal wind and moisture fields; and (iii) unlike the medium-range forecast in which a sensitive region is often traced back to an area far upstream in association with a Rossby-wave packet, sensitive regions in short-range forecasts appear to be directly related to the meteorological system of interest located not far upstream. Based on the results, we suggest that field experiments of targeted observations potentially can be designed using this simple ensemble sensitivity approach to improve short-range weather forecasts associated with SWVs. C1 [Li, Jun; Cui, Chunguang; Liao, Yishan] Chinese Meteorol Adm, Hubei Key Lab Heavy Rain Monitoring & Warning Res, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Li, Jun; Cui, Chunguang; Liao, Yishan] Chinese Meteorol Adm, Wuhan Inst Heavy Rain, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Du, Jun] NOAA, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zhang, Da-Lin] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Du, J (reprint author), NOAA, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Jun.Du@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Da-Lin/F-2634-2010 OI Zhang, Da-Lin/0000-0003-1725-283X FU NSF [ATM0758609]; [NSFC41275107]; [GYHY200906010] FX This research was supported by NSFC41275107 and GYHY200906010. The first author (JL) would also like to thank the University of Maryland for hosting his 3-month visit at the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science. DLZ was supported by NSF ATM0758609. We wish to thank Ms. Mary Hart, EMC/NCEP Information Officer, for her editorial assistance in improving the readability of this manuscript. The constructive comments and suggestions from Dr. Yong Wang and other two anonymous reviewers have greatly improved the quality of the article during the revision process. NR 73 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2014 VL 140 IS 680 BP 766 EP 782 DI 10.1002/qj.2200 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AF7WU UT WOS:000334926800004 ER PT J AU Smith, RK Montgomery, MT Thomsen, GL AF Smith, Roger K. Montgomery, Michael T. Thomsen, Gerald L. TI Sensitivity of tropical-cyclone models to the surface drag coefficient in different boundary-layer schemes SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE frictional drag; surface drag coefficient; hurricanes; typhoons; boundary layer; tropical cyclones ID SEA INTERACTION THEORY; TURBULENT FLUXES; NUMERICAL-MODEL; PART I; HURRICANES; PARAMETERIZATION; INTENSIFICATION; PREDICTION; ATMOSPHERE; INTENSITY AB The recent study of the sensitivity of tropical-cyclone intensification to the surface drag coefficient in a three-dimensional model by Montgomery et al. is extended to include a wind-speed-dependent drag coefficient and one of four boundary-layer parametrization schemes: the bulk, Blackadar, MRF and Gayno-Seaman schemes. The schemes are slightly modified to have the same drag coefficient formulation and the same constant exchange coefficients for sensible heat and moisture. Interest is focussed on the change in intensity of the azimuthally-averaged tangential wind speed and change in the low-level vortex structure when the standard value of the drag coefficient is halved or doubled. Changing the drag coefficient provides insight into unbalanced effects in the boundary layer and their impact on the vortex evolution and structure. The changes in vortex behaviour with changing drag coefficient are qualitatively similar for all schemes, the maximum intensification occurring for a value somewhere near the standard value of the drag coefficient. The interpretation given to explain this behaviour underlines the intrinsically unbalanced nature of the boundary-layer dynamics, although, for reasons discussed, a complete theory for the behaviour does not exist. The behaviour found is at odds with the predictions of Emanuel's (balance) theory for the maximum intensity of a tropical-cyclone, which predicts a monotonic decrease in intensity with the drag coefficient if the enthalpy exchange coefficient is held fixed. It is at odds also with a recent numerical study of the maximum intensity by Bryan and Rotunno. The study underscores the importance of boundary-layer dynamics in models for forecasting tropical-cyclone intensity and the need for care in choosing a boundary-layer scheme. However, it is not yet known which boundary-layer formulation is the most appropriate for this purpose, highlighting the need for a concerted research effort in this direction. C1 [Smith, Roger K.; Thomsen, Gerald L.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Montgomery, Michael T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Smith, RK (reprint author), Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM roger.smith@lmu.de FU German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) [SM30/23-1]; US Office of Naval Research [N0001411Wx20095]; NSF [AGS-0733380, AGS-0851077]; NOAA's Hurricane Research Division; NASA [NNH09AK561, NNG09HG031] FX We thank Sarah Jones, Jeff Kepert and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments on the original version of this manuscript. RKS and GT acknowledge financial support for hurricane research from the German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) under grant no. SM30/23-1. MTM acknowledges the support of grant no. N0001411Wx20095 from the US Office of Naval Research and NSF AGS-0733380 and NSF AGS-0851077, NOAA's Hurricane Research Division and NASA grants NNH09AK561 and NNG09HG031. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2014 VL 140 IS 680 BP 792 EP 804 DI 10.1002/qj.2057 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AF7WU UT WOS:000334926800006 ER PT J AU Ran, LK Li, XF AF Ran, Lingkun Li, Xiaofan TI Sensitivity of cloud-resolving precipitation simulations to uncertainty of radiation calculation: Effects of large-scale forcing SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cloud-resolving model; radiation parametrization; sensitivity; precipitation simulation ID SUMMER HEAVY RAINFALL; DEEP CONVECTION; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; SOUTHERN CHINA; MODEL; PREDICTABILITY; MESOSCALE; WATER AB The sensitivity of precipitation simulations to the uncertainty of radiation calculation is examined through the analysis of two sets of sensitivity experiments imposed by large-scale forcing from weak tropical rainfall (weak forcing) and pre-summer heavy rainfall events (strong forcing). Several simulations with perturbed solar and infrared radiative heating in different vertical layers are compared to a control simulation. In the weak-forcing case, the precipitation simulation is more sensitive to the uncertainties of solar radiation calculation and less sensitive to the uncertainties of infrared radiation calculation in the lower troposphere than in the upper troposphere. In the strong-forcing case, precipitation simulation is insensitive to the uncertainty of solar radiation calculation, but is more sensitive to the uncertainty of infrared radiation calculation in the lower troposphere than in the upper troposphere. The precipitation simulation is more sensitive to the uncertainty of radiation calculations in the weak-forcing case than in the strong-forcing case. Simulated precipitation sensitivity to perturbations in lower-tropospheric radiative heating is associated with changes in water vapour convergence and condensation. The analysis of root-mean-squared difference and standard deviation shows that the root-mean-squared differences are similar in the two cases, but the increased magnitude in upward motion significantly causes a large rainfall fluctuation and also causes a larger standard deviation in the strong-forcing case than in the weak-forcing case. As a result, the increase in magnitude of upward motions leads to a decrease in the sensitivity of the precipitation simulation to the uncertainty of radiation calculation. C1 [Ran, Lingkun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms LACS, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. RP Ran, LK (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms LACS, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM rlk@mail.iap.ac.cn RI Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB430105, 2009CB421505]; Special Scientific Research Fund of Meteorological Public Welfare Ministry of Sciences and Technology [GYHY200906004]; CAMS [2011LASW-B15]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41175060, 41075098, 41005005] FX The authors thank W.-K. Tao at NASA/GSFC for the cloud-resolving model and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This study was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grants Nos. 2013CB430105 and 2009CB421505), the Special Scientific Research Fund of Meteorological Public Welfare Ministry of Sciences and Technology (Grant No. GYHY200906004), the project of CAMS (Grant No. 2011LASW-B15), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41175060, 41075098 and 41005005). NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2014 VL 140 IS 680 BP 838 EP 845 DI 10.1002/qj.2203 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AF7WU UT WOS:000334926800010 ER PT J AU van Zoelen, W Buss, HG Ellebracht, NC Lynd, NA Fischer, DA Finlay, J Hill, S Callow, ME Callow, JA Kramer, EJ Zuckermann, RN Segalman, RA AF van Zoelen, Wendy Buss, Hilda G. Ellebracht, Nathan C. Lynd, Nathaniel A. Fischer, Daniel A. Finlay, John Hill, Sophie Callow, Maureen E. Callow, James A. Kramer, Edward J. Zuckermann, Ronald N. Segalman, Rachel A. TI Sequence of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Residues in Amphiphilic Polymer Coatings Affects Surface Structure and Marine Antifouling/Fouling Release Properties SO ACS MACRO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FOULING-RELEASE; SIDE-CHAINS; ALGA ULVA; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; FLUORINE-FREE; SETTLEMENT; ZOOSPORES; BEHAVIOR; PDMS AB Amphiphilic polymers, specifically combinations of hydrophilic and hydrophobic residues, have been shown to be effective as antifouling materials against the algae Ulva linza and Navicula diatoms. Here we use the inherent sequence specificity of polypeptoids made by solid-phase synthesis to show that the sequence of hydrophilic (methoxy) and hydrophobic (fluorinated) moieties affects both antifouling and fouling release of U. linza. The platform used to test these sequences was a polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide-co-allyl glycidyl ether) (PS-b-P(EO-co-AGE)) scaffold, where the polypeptoids are attached to the scaffold using thiol-ene click chemistry. The fluorinated moiety is very surface active and directs the surface composition of the polymer thin film. The position and number of fluorinated groups in the polypeptoid are shown to affect both the surface composition and antifouling properties of the film. Specifically, the position of the fluorinated units in the peptoid chain changes the surface chemistry and the antifouling behavior, while the number of fluorinated residues affects the fouling-release properties. C1 [van Zoelen, Wendy; Buss, Hilda G.; Ellebracht, Nathan C.; Segalman, Rachel A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lynd, Nathaniel A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Joint Ctr Artificial Photosynth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zuckermann, Ronald N.; Segalman, Rachel A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Finlay, John; Hill, Sophie; Callow, Maureen E.; Callow, James A.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Kramer, Edward J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kramer, Edward J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Segalman, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM segalman@berkeley.edu RI Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014; OI Segalman, Rachel/0000-0002-4292-5103 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-08-1-0010, N000141110325]; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); National Science Foundation; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) in the form of a Presidential Early Career Award (PECASE) in Science and Engineering for R.A.S. and via awards N00014-08-1-0010 (J.A.C. and M.E.C.) and N000141110325 (E.J.K.). W.v.Z. gratefully acknowledges The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) for a Rubicon fellowship. H.G.B. acknowledges the National Science Foundation for a graduate fellowship. Polypeptoid synthesis and characterization were performed at the Molecular Foundry, a Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory user Facility supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 11 U2 147 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-1653 J9 ACS MACRO LETT JI ACS Macro Lett. PD APR PY 2014 VL 3 IS 4 BP 364 EP 368 DI 10.1021/mz500090n PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AF4CD UT WOS:000334658100015 ER PT J AU Li, JH Baker, BA Mou, XN Ren, N Qiu, JC Boughton, RI Liu, H AF Li, Jianhua Baker, Bryan A. Mou, Xiaoning Ren, Na Qiu, Jichuan Boughton, Robert I. Liu, Hong TI Biopolymer/Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering SO ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE biopolymers; calcium phosphate; scaffold; tissue engineering ID MESENCHYMAL STEM-CELLS; MARROW STROMAL CELLS; IN-VIVO BIOCOMPATIBILITY; SILK-BASED BIOMATERIALS; STARCH-BASED SCAFFOLDS; SIMULATED BODY-FLUID; COMPOSITE SCAFFOLDS; BACTERIAL CELLULOSE; CROSS-LINKING; GENE DELIVERY AB With nearly 30 years of progress, tissue engineering has shown promise in developing solutions for tissue repair and regeneration. Scaffolds, together with cells and growth factors, are key components of this development. Recently, an increasing number of studies have reported on the design and fabrication of scaffolding materials. In particular, inspired by the nature of bone, polymer/ceramic composite scaffolds have been studied extensively. The purpose of this paper is to review the recent progress of the naturally derived biopolymers and the methods applied to generate biomimetic biopolymer/calcium phosphate composites as well as their biomedical applications in bone tissue engineering. C1 [Li, Jianhua; Ren, Na; Qiu, Jichuan; Liu, Hong] Shandong Univ, State Key Lab Crystal Mat, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. [Baker, Bryan A.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mou, Xiaoning; Liu, Hong] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Inst Nanoenergy & Nanosyst, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Boughton, Robert I.] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP Baker, BA (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryan.baker@nist.gov; hongliu@sdu.edu.cn RI Li, Jianhua/H-9872-2016 OI Li, Jianhua/0000-0001-5227-8627 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51372142]; National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars [NSFDYS: 50925205]; Innovation Research Group [IRG: 51021062]; Chinese Academy of Sciences; "thousands talents" program for pioneer researcher and his innovation team, China FX The authors are thankful for funds from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51372142), National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (NSFDYS: 50925205), Innovation Research Group (IRG: 51021062) and the "100 Talents Program" of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Thanks for the support from the "thousands talents" program for pioneer researcher and his innovation team, China. NR 161 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 11 U2 104 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2192-2640 EI 2192-2659 J9 ADV HEALTHC MATER JI Adv. Healthc. Mater. PD APR PY 2014 VL 3 IS 4 BP 469 EP 484 DI 10.1002/adhm.201300562 PG 16 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AE8VZ UT WOS:000334282400001 PM 24339420 ER PT J AU Renchen, GF Pittman, SJ Clark, R Caldow, C Gall, S Olsen, D Hill, RL AF Renchen, Gabrielle F. Pittman, Simon J. Clark, Randy Caldow, Chris Gall, Sarah Olsen, David Hill, Ronald L. TI Impact of derelict fish traps in Caribbean waters: an experimental approach SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REEF FISHES; CORAL-REEF; COMMUNITIES; CATCHES; NETS; HABITATS; DENSITY; COAST; SIZE; USA AB Fish traps are a widely used fishing gear throughout the Caribbean Sea, but become marine debris when lost or abandoned, with uncertain impacts to coral reef ecosystems. Derelict fish traps are thought to cause fish mortality through unintentional fishing or ghost fishing; yet no scientific studies have been conducted to quantify the threat from ghost fishing in Caribbean waters. Using an experimental approach, 12 unbaited traps were deployed at nearshore and offshore locations in the US Virgin Islands to simulate derelict traps. Six traps were set with escape panels closed (fishing) and six had escape panels open. Frequent underwater visual surveys of fishes inside and surrounding traps were conducted to quantify fish assemblage composition, body size, fish behavior, condition, and mortality over 6 mo. Twenty mortalities (2% of trapped fish observed) were documented. All but one mortality occurred in closed traps with an estimated total market value of US$160 over 6 mo or US$52 per trap annually. Skin abrasions were observed on 34 fishes. A permutational multivariate analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of time on trapped fish assemblages regardless of the location. The results demonstrate that ghost fishing does occur, but that simple modifications to fishing gear such as correctly functioning escape panels will significantly reduce mortality from ghost fishing. Further reduction of impact from derelict traps can be achieved through implementation of land-based trap disposal programs. C1 [Renchen, Gabrielle F.; Pittman, Simon J.] Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. [Pittman, Simon J.; Caldow, Chris] NOAA, Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Clark, Randy] NOAA, Biogeog Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Pittman, Simon J.; Gall, Sarah] Univ Plymouth, Ctr Marine & Coastal Policy Res, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Pittman, Simon J.; Gall, Sarah] Univ Plymouth, Marine Biol & Ecol Res Ctr, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Olsen, David] St Thomas Fishermens Assoc, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. [Hill, Ronald L.] NOAA, NMFS, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Renchen, GF (reprint author), Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, 2 John Brewers Bay, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. EM gabby.folger@gmail.com OI Gall, Sarah/0000-0002-1187-3267 FU NOAA Marine Debris Program FX The authors would like to thank the NOAA Marine Debris Program for providing funding. Special thanks are extended to Bamford, M Monaco, and T Battista for contributions to the initiation and management of the project. We owe much gratitude to the local fishermen, particularly members of the St. Thomas Fishermen's Association. Valuable logistical and field advice was provided by S Prosterman and I Byrne at the University of the Virgin Islands (UVI). We also owe much gratitude to Professor B Clarke (Plymouth Marine Laboratory), co-developer of PRIMER for valuable statistical guidance. For field assistance we thank UVI graduate students; J Renchen, R Brewer, B Legare, S Hitt, and L Henderson. The project and manuscript were greatly improved with comments from R Nemeth, M Brandt, A Dikou, and a number of anonymous reviewers. This is contribution #82 for the Center for Marine and Environmental Studies at the University of the Virgin Islands. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 21 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 90 IS 2 BP 551 EP 563 DI 10.5343/bms.2012.1103 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AF8OQ UT WOS:000334975900001 ER PT J AU Bentz, DP Garboczi, EJ Lu, Y Martys, N Sakulich, AR Weiss, WJ AF Bentz, Dale P. Garboczi, Edward J. Lu, Yang Martys, Nicos Sakulich, Aaron R. Weiss, W. Jason TI Modeling of the influence of transverse cracking on chloride penetration into concrete (vol 38, pg 65, 2013) SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES LA English DT Correction C1 [Bentz, Dale P.; Garboczi, Edward J.; Lu, Yang; Martys, Nicos; Sakulich, Aaron R.; Weiss, W. Jason] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bentz, DP (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dale.bentz@nist.gov RI Sakulich, Aaron/G-6010-2014 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-9465 EI 1873-393X J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP JI Cem. Concr. Compos. PD APR PY 2014 VL 48 BP 162 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.12.011 PG 1 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA AF1OW UT WOS:000334484200018 ER PT J AU Burger, JL Lovestead, TM Gough, RV Bruno, TJ AF Burger, Jessica L. Lovestead, Tara M. Gough, Raina V. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Characterization of the Effects of Cetane Number Improvers on Diesel Fuel Volatility by Use of the Advanced Distillation Curve Method SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID DECREASED PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; OXYGENATE ADDITIVES; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; MIXTURES; HYDRODESULFURIZATION; HYDROGENATION; PERFORMANCE; COMBUSTION; CATALYSTS; GASOLINE AB The cetane number (CN) is a measure of the ignition quality of a fuel for compression-ignition engines according to the self-ignition delay. If the CN of a fuel is too low, chemical compounds known as CN. improvers may be added to increase both the CN and performance of the fuel. The addition of CN improvers is dependent upon the detailed properties of the particular fuel. While many fuel properties are important for design, the vapor liquid equilibrium, as described by volatility, is very sensitive to composition. In this work, we measured blends of diesel fuel with the following CN improvers: amyl nitrate, isoamyl nitrate, isoamyl nitrite, 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, and the multi-component CN improver PM-1, in diesel fuel by use of the advanced distillation curve (ADC) method to determine the amount of CN improver in the various distillate volume fractions. Tracking the CN improver throughout the volatility profile of diesel fuels provides valuable information for determining structural property relationships, and moreover, it provides the basis for the development of equations of state that can describe the thermodynamic properties of these complex mixtures, with specific attention paid to additives. We have found that the addition of CN improvers significantly decreases the temperature at which boiling begins and that the majority of the CN improver is thermolytically degraded before the first drop can be collected. These observations are supported by low-pressure ADC, where the CN improver was found in fractions up to 30%. These results have implications in the prediction of thermophysical properties of diesel fuel with CN improvers. C1 [Burger, Jessica L.; Lovestead, Tara M.; Gough, Raina V.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU federal America Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) FX Jessica L. Burger acknowledges the federal America Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) support for research performed at NIST, Boulder, CO, for this work. Raina V. Gough acknowledges the National Academy of Science/National Research Council postdoctoral associateship program. The assistance of Dr. Jason A. Widegren with the NMR measurements is gratefully acknowledged. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD APR PY 2014 VL 28 IS 4 BP 2437 EP 2445 DI 10.1021/ef5000547 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AF5CD UT WOS:000334730700017 ER PT J AU Lu, JS Bertoni, HL Remley, KA Young, WF Ladbury, J AF Lu, Jonathan S. Bertoni, Henry L. Remley, Kate A. Young, William F. Ladbury, John TI Site-Specific Models of the Received Power for Radio Communication in Urban Street Canyons SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Channel model; diffraction; DSA; LOS; MANET; NLOS; path loss; scattering; urban propagation; VANET ID PROPAGATION MODEL; ENVIRONMENTS; DIFFRACTION; PREDICTION; MICROCELLS; BAND AB This paper presents site-specific models for the real-time prediction of the received power from waves propagating through urban street canyons (i.e., in the horizontal plane containing the transmitter and receiver) for radio communication in urban environments. The line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) models presented here are based on the two-ray model and are used to predict the small-area average received power (i.e., long-term/shadow fading and distance-dependence). These models have two adjustable parameters that account for clutter such as road traffic and pedestrians, and for scattering from objects and buildings at street intersections, respectively. Validation of these models is performed with mobile-to-mobile measurements recorded in the high-rise sections of Denver and New York City for frequencies ranging from 430 MHz to 4.86 GHz. C1 [Lu, Jonathan S.; Bertoni, Henry L.] NYU, Polytech Sch Engn, NYU Wireless Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Remley, Kate A.; Young, William F.; Ladbury, John] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lu, JS (reprint author), NYU, Polytech Sch Engn, NYU Wireless Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM lushiaoen@gmail.com; hbertoni@poly.edu; kate.remley@nist.gov; william.young@nist.gov; john.ladbury@nist.gov FU Wireless Internet Center for Advanced Technology (WICAT), NSF I/UCRC, New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering; NIST Public Safety Communications Research Laboratory FX This work was funded by the Wireless Internet Center for Advanced Technology (WICAT), NSF I/UCRC, New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering. The Denver measurements used in this work were funded by the NIST Public Safety Communications Research Laboratory. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X EI 1558-2221 J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD APR PY 2014 VL 62 IS 4 BP 2192 EP 2200 DI 10.1109/TAP.2013.2297164 PN 2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AF5HN UT WOS:000334744700044 ER PT J AU Sagdeev, DI Fomina, MG Mukhamedzyanov, GK Abdulagatov, IM AF Sagdeev, D. I. Fomina, M. G. Mukhamedzyanov, G. Kh Abdulagatov, I. M. TI Experimental Study and Correlation Models of the Density and Viscosity of 1-Hexene and 1-Heptene at Temperatures from (298 to 473) K and Pressures up to 245 MPa SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID VOLUMETRIC PROPERTIES EXCESS; PARTIAL MOLAR VOLUMES; EQUATION-OF-STATE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ELEVATED PRESSURES; BINARY-MIXTURES; IONIC LIQUIDS; TAIT EQUATION; ISOTHERMAL COMPRESSIBILITIES; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOLS AB The density and viscosity of liquid 1-hexene and 1-heptene have been simultaneously measured over the temperature range from (298 to 473) K and pressures up to 245 MPa using the hydrostatic weighing and falling-body techniques, respectively. The combined expanded uncertainty of the density, pressure, temperature, and viscosity measurements at the 95 % confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 is estimated to be 0.15 % to 0.30 %, 0.05 %, 0.02 K, and 1.5 % to 2.0 % (depending on temperature and pressure ranges), respectively. The measured densities were used to develop a Tait-type equation of state for liquid 1-hexene and 1-heptene. Theoretically based Arrhenius-Andrade and Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher (VTF) type equations with pressure-dependent coefficients were used to represent the temperature and pressure dependences of the measured viscosities for liquid 1-hexene and 1-heptene. Also the friction theory (FT) viscosity model together with derived Tait-type equation of state (EOS) was used to accurately represent measured viscosity data. The measured values of the density and viscosity of 1-hexene and 1-heptene in the liquid phase were compared in detail with reported data and with the values calculated from correlations. C1 [Sagdeev, D. I.; Fomina, M. G.; Mukhamedzyanov, G. Kh] Kazan State Technol Univ, Kazan, Russia. [Abdulagatov, I. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Geothermal Res Inst, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 81 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD APR PY 2014 VL 59 IS 4 BP 1105 EP 1119 DI 10.1021/je401015e PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA AF2VY UT WOS:000334571800021 ER PT J AU Das, S Louis, T Nolta, MR Addison, GE Battistelli, ES Bond, JR Calabrese, E Crichton, D Devlin, MJ Dicker, S Dunkley, J Dunner, R Fowler, JW Gralla, M Hajian, A Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Hilton, M Hincks, AD Hlozek, R Huffenberger, KM Hughes, JP Irwin, KD Kosowsky, A Lupton, RH Marriage, TA Marsden, D Menanteau, F Moodley, K Niemack, MD Page, LA Partridge, B Reese, ED Schmitt, BL Sehgal, N Sherwin, BD Sievers, JL Spergel, DN Staggs, ST Swetz, DS Switzer, ER Thornton, R Trac, H Wollack, E AF Das, Sudeep Louis, Thibaut Nolta, Michael R. Addison, Graeme E. Battistelli, Elia S. Bond, J. Richard Calabrese, Erminia Crichton, Devin Devlin, Mark J. Dicker, Simon Dunkley, Joanna Duenner, Rolando Fowler, Joseph W. Gralla, Megan Hajian, Amir Halpern, Mark Hasselfield, Matthew Hilton, Matt Hincks, Adam D. Hlozek, Renee Huffenberger, Kevin M. Hughes, John P. Irwin, Kent D. Kosowsky, Arthur Lupton, Robert H. Marriage, Tobias A. Marsden, Danica Menanteau, Felipe Moodley, Kavilan Niemack, Michael D. Page, Lyman A. Partridge, Bruce Reese, Erik D. Schmitt, Benjamin L. Sehgal, Neelima Sherwin, Blake D. Sievers, Jonathan L. Spergel, David N. Staggs, Suzanne T. Swetz, Daniel S. Switzer, Eric R. Thornton, Robert Trac, Hy Wollack, Ed TI The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: temperature and gravitational lensing power spectrum measurements from three seasons of data SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE CMBR experiments; gravitational lensing; Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect; CMBR theory ID SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; DAMPING TAIL; 148 GHZ; MAPS; CONSTRAINTS; PARAMETERS; SCALE; FIELD; QUAD AB We present the temperature power spectra. of the cosmic microwave background (CMD) derived from the three seasons of data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) at 148 Ealiz and 218 GHz as well as the (Toss-frequency spectrum between the two channels. We detect and correct. for contamination due to the Galactic cirrus in our equatorial maps. We present the results of a number of tests for possible systematic error and conclude that any effects are not significant compared to the statistical errors we quote. Where they overlap we cross-correlate the ACT and the South Pole Telescope (APT) maps and show they are consistent. The measurements of higher-order peaks in the CMB power spectrum provide an additional test of the ACDM cosmological model, and help constrain extensions beyond the standard model. The small angular scale power sped rum also provides constraining power on the Sunyaev-Zel'clovich effects and extragalactic foregrounds. We also present a measurement of the CMB gravitational lensing convergence power spectrum at 4.6 sigma detection significance. C1 [Das, Sudeep] Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Das, Sudeep] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Das, Sudeep] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Louis, Thibaut; Addison, Graeme E.; Calabrese, Erminia; Dunkley, Joanna] Univ Oxford, Sub Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Nolta, Michael R.; Bond, J. Richard; Hajian, Amir; Hincks, Adam D.; Sievers, Jonathan L.; Switzer, Eric R.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Addison, Graeme E.; Battistelli, Elia S.; Halpern, Mark; Hasselfield, Matthew] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Battistelli, Elia S.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Crichton, Devin; Gralla, Megan; Marriage, Tobias A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Devlin, Mark J.; Dicker, Simon; Marsden, Danica; Reese, Erik D.; Schmitt, Benjamin L.; Thornton, Robert] Univ Penn, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Duenner, Rolando] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Fowler, Joseph W.; Niemack, Michael D.; Swetz, Daniel S.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fowler, Joseph W.; Niemack, Michael D.; Page, Lyman A.; Sherwin, Blake D.; Sievers, Jonathan L.; Staggs, Suzanne T.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hasselfield, Matthew; Hlozek, Renee; Marriage, Tobias A.; Spergel, David N.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hilton, Matt] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Ctr Astron & Particle Theory, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Hilton, Matt; Moodley, Kavilan] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Huffenberger, Kevin M.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Hughes, John P.; Menanteau, Felipe] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Kosowsky, Arthur] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Marsden, Danica] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Niemack, Michael D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Partridge, Bruce] Haverford Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. [Sehgal, Neelima] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Thornton, Robert] West Chester Univ Pennsylvania, Dept Phys, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. [Trac, Hy] Carnegie Mellon Univ, McWilliams Ctr Cosmol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Wollack, Ed] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Das, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. EM sudeepphys@gmail.com RI Trac, Hy/N-8838-2014; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Trac, Hy/0000-0001-6778-3861; Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Huffenberger, Kevin/0000-0001-7109-0099; Menanteau, Felipe/0000-0002-1372-2534; Sievers, Jonathan/0000-0001-6903-5074 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [AST-0408698, AST-0965625]; ACT project [PHY-0855887, PHY-1214379]; Princeton University; University of Pennsylvania; Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) award; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT); CFI; Compute Canada; Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund - Research Excellence; University of Toronto; David Schramm Fellowship at Argonne National Laboratory; Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics fellowship; FONDECYT grant; BASAL grant FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through awards AST-0408698 and AST-0965625 for the ACT project, as well as awards PHY-0855887 and PHY-1214379. Funding was also provided by Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania, and a Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) award to ITBC. ACT operates in the Parque Astronomico Atacama in northern Chile under the auspices of the Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT). Computations were performed on the GPC supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet is funded by the CFI under the auspices of Compute Canada, the Government of Ontario, the Ontario Research Fund - Research Excellence; and the University of Toronto. SD acknowledges support from the David Schramm Fellowship at Argonne National Laboratory and the Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics fellowship. RD acknowledges support from FONDECYT and BASAL grants. NR 47 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD APR PY 2014 IS 4 AR 014 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2014/04/014 PG 36 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA AF1TK UT WOS:000334496500014 ER PT J AU McEwen, M DeWerd, L Ibbott, G Followill, D Rogers, DWO Seltzer, S Seuntjens, J AF McEwen, Malcolm DeWerd, Larry Ibbott, Geoffrey Followill, David Rogers, David W. O. Seltzer, Stephen Seuntjens, Jan TI Addendum to the AAPM's TG-51 protocol for clinical reference dosimetry of high-energy photon beams SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE photon beams; dosimetry protocol; ionization chamber; beam quality conversion factors; kQ; uncertainty analysis; absorbed dose calibration coefficients ID CYLINDRICAL IONIZATION CHAMBERS; QUALITY CORRECTION FACTORS; ION RECOMBINATION CORRECTIONS; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; ABSORBED-DOSE RATIOS; AIR CAVITY SIZE; ELECTRON-BEAMS; EFFECTIVE POINT; LINEAR-ACCELERATOR; RADIATION-THERAPY AB An addendum to the AAPM's TG-51 protocol for the determination of absorbed dose to water in megavoltage photon beams is presented. This addendum continues the procedure laid out in TG-51 but new k(Q) data for photon beams, based on Monte Carlo simulations, are presented and recommendations are given to improve the accuracy and consistency of the protocol's implementation. The components of the uncertainty budget in determining absorbed dose to water at the reference point are introduced and the magnitude of each component discussed. Finally, the consistency of experimental determination of N-D,N-w coefficients is discussed. It is expected that the implementation of this addendum will be straightforward, assuming that the user is already familiar with TG-51. The changes introduced by this report are generally minor, although new recommendations could result in procedural changes for individual users. It is expected that the effort on the medical physicist's part to implement this addendum will not be significant and could be done as part of the annual linac calibration. (C) 2014 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 [McEwen, Malcolm] CNR, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [DeWerd, Larry] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Ibbott, Geoffrey] Univ Texas Houston, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Phys, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Followill, David] IROC Houston QA Ctr, Radiol Phys Ctr, Houston, TX 77054 USA. [Rogers, David W. O.] Carleton Univ, Dept Phys, Carleton Lab Radiotherapy Phys, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Seltzer, Stephen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Seuntjens, Jan] McGill Univ, Med Phys Unit, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP McEwen, M (reprint author), CNR, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON, Canada. EM malcolm.mcewen@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca RI Grams, Michael/G-5197-2011 FU NCI NIH HHS [U10 CA010953, U24 CA180803] NR 110 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD APR PY 2014 VL 41 IS 4 AR 041501 DI 10.1118/1.4866223 PG 20 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AE8XT UT WOS:000334287000003 PM 24694120 ER PT J AU Kim, D Syers, P Butch, NP Paglione, J Fuhrer, MS AF Kim, Dohun Syers, Paul Butch, Nicholas P. Paglione, Johnpierre Fuhrer, Michael S. TI Ambipolar Surface State Thermoelectric Power of Topological Insulator Bi2Se3 SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Topological insulators; thermoelectric power; ambipolar electric field effect; bismuth selenide; charge transfer doping ID TRANSPORT; GRAPHENE; BI2TE3 AB We measure gate-tuned thermoelectric power of mechanically exfoliated Bi2Se3 thin films in the topological insulator regime. The sign of the thermoelectric power changes across the charge neutrality point as the majority carrier type switches from electron to hole, consistent with the ambipolar electric field effect observed in conductivity and Hall effect measurements. Near the charge neutrality point and at low temperatures, the gate-dependent thermoelectric power follows the semiclassical Mott relation using the expected surface state density of states but is larger than expected at high electron doping, possibly reflecting a large density of states in the bulk gap. The thermoelectric power factor shows significant enhancement near the electron-hole puddle carrier density similar to 0.5 x 10(12) cm(-2) per surface at all temperatures. Together with the expected reduction of lattice thermal conductivity in low-dimensional structures, the results demonstrate that nanostructuring and Fermi level tuning of three-dimensional topological insulators can be promising routes to realize efficient thermoelectric devices. C1 [Kim, Dohun; Syers, Paul; Paglione, Johnpierre; Fuhrer, Michael S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Butch, Nicholas P.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fuhrer, Michael S.] Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Fuhrer, MS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM michael.fuhrer@monash.edu RI Fuhrer, Michael/E-7634-2010 OI Fuhrer, Michael/0000-0001-6183-2773 FU NSF [DMR-1105224, DMR-0952716]; NSF MRSEC [DMR-0520471]; Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials; ARC Laureate Fellowship FX This work was supported by NSF Grant DMR-1105224. Preparation of Bi2Se3 was supported by NSF MRSEC (DMR-0520471) and NSF (DMR-0952716). N.P.B. was partially supported by the Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials. M.S.F. is supported by an ARC Laureate Fellowship. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 14 U2 111 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2014 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1701 EP 1706 DI 10.1021/nl4032154 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AF2WE UT WOS:000334572400002 PM 24605897 ER PT J AU Boyerinas, BM Roythurd, AL Bruck, HA AF Boyerinas, Brad M. Roythurd, Alexander L. Bruck, Hugh A. TI Formation of Self-Assembled Nanoplates via Hydrogenation of Epitaxial Pd Film SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Metal hydride; coherent phase; epitaxy; nanostructure; self-assembly ID OPEN 2-PHASE SYSTEMS; COHERENT INTERFACES; PALLADIUM; THERMODYNAMICS; ALLOYS AB Understanding the relationship between the uptake of hydrogen gas and hydride phase formation and evolution in metal solids is a phenomenon of significant technological importance due to current development of hydrogen storage devices, sensors, and membranes. The performance of these devices is degraded by structural defect formation during incoherent metal-hydride phase transformation. In this work, atomic force and scanning electron microscopy reveal formation of nanoplates along the (111) directions in a (111) epitaxial Pd film. These nanostructures are observed after high temperature and high pressure gas phase hydrogenation and cooling in ambient temperature. Transmission electron microsocpy (TEM) analysis of a posthydrogenated film did not show considerable plastic deformation. The size of the nanoplates increased with increasing Pd film thickness. A formation mechanism of nanoplates is proposed: cooling the sample reactor in ambient temperature after hydrogen loading induced formation of coherent or partially coherent beta-phase plates along {100} planes corresponding to minimum elastic energy of interaction between metal and hydride phases. C1 [Boyerinas, Brad M.; Bruck, Hugh A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Roythurd, Alexander L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Boyerinas, BM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brad.boyerinas@nist.gov FU NSF-DMR [0907122]; AFOSR [FA9550-12-1-0158] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Leo Bendersky of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (Gaithersburg, MD) for acquiring the electron diffraction patterns presented in this work. This work was funded by NSF-DMR #0907122. Also, support from AFOSR grant FA9550-12-1-0158 with Dr. Byung-Lip "Les" Lee program manager is greatly appreciated. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 56 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2014 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1818 EP 1822 DI 10.1021/nl404410v PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AF2WE UT WOS:000334572400020 PM 24588220 ER PT J AU Parrott, BB Bowden, JA Kohno, S Cloy-McCoy, JA Hale, MD Bangma, JT Rainwater, TR Wilkinson, PM Kucklick, JR Guillette, LJ AF Parrott, Benjamin B. Bowden, John A. Kohno, Satomi Cloy-McCoy, Jessica A. Hale, Matthew D. Bangma, Jacqueline T. Rainwater, Thomas R. Wilkinson, Phillip M. Kucklick, John R. Guillette, Louis J., Jr. TI Influence of tissue, age, and environmental quality on DNA methylation in Alligator mississippiensis SO REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Copenhagen Workshop on Endocrine Disrupters CY MAY 28-31, 2013 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CONTAMINATED ENVIRONMENT; 5-METHYLCYTOSINE CONTENT; AMERICAN ALLIGATORS; GLOBAL METHYLATION; HEALTHY-SUBJECTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; HYPOMETHYLATION; EXPOSURE; FLORIDA AB Epigenetic modifications are key mediators of the interactions between the environment and an organism's genome. DNA methylation represents the best-studied epigenetic modification to date and is known to play key roles in regulating transcriptional activity and promoting chromosome stability. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated the utility of the American alligator ( Alligator mississippiensis) as a sentinel species to investigate the persistent effects of environmental contaminant exposure on reproductive health. Here, we incorporate a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to directly measure the total ( global) proportion of 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5mdC) in ovarian and whole blood DNA from alligators. Global DNA methylation in ovaries was significantly elevated in comparison with that of whole blood. However, DNA methylation appeared similar in juvenile alligators reared under controlled laboratory conditions but originating from three sites with dissimilar environmental qualities, indicating an absence of detectable site-of-origin effects on persistent levels of global 5mdC content. Analyses of tissues across individuals revealed a surprising lack of correlation between global methylation levels in blood and ovary. In addition, global DNA methylation in blood samples from juvenile alligators was elevated compared with those from adults, suggesting that age, as observed in mammals, may negatively influence global DNA methylation levels in alligators. To our knowledge, this is the first study examining global levels of DNA methylation in the American alligator and provides a reference point for future studies examining the interplay of epigenetics and environmental factors in a long-lived sentinel species. C1 [Parrott, Benjamin B.; Kohno, Satomi; Cloy-McCoy, Jessica A.; Hale, Matthew D.; Bangma, Jacqueline T.; Rainwater, Thomas R.; Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Parrott, Benjamin B.; Bowden, John A.; Kohno, Satomi; Cloy-McCoy, Jessica A.; Hale, Matthew D.; Bangma, Jacqueline T.; Rainwater, Thomas R.; Kucklick, John R.; Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Bowden, John A.; Kucklick, John R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Charleston, SC USA. [Rainwater, Thomas R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Wilkinson, Phillip M.] Tom Yawkey Wildlife Ctr, Georgetown, SC 29440 USA. RP Parrott, BB (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM benbparrott@gmail.com NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 18 PU BIOSCIENTIFICA LTD PI BRISTOL PA EURO HOUSE, 22 APEX COURT WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 1470-1626 J9 REPRODUCTION JI Reproduction PD APR PY 2014 VL 147 IS 4 SI SI BP 503 EP 513 DI 10.1530/REP-13-0498 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA AE8YA UT WOS:000334287700018 PM 24398872 ER PT J AU Gallagher, ES Mansfield, E Aspinwall, CA AF Gallagher, Elyssia S. Mansfield, Elisabeth Aspinwall, Craig A. TI Stabilized phospholipid membranes in chromatography: toward membrane protein- functionalized stationary phases SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Affinity chromatography; Immobilized artificial membrane; Immobilized liposome chromatography; Polymerizable phospholipid; Stationary phase; Transmembrane protein ID GLUCOSE-TRANSPORTER GLUT1; AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIPID-MEMBRANES; POLYMERIZATION; COLUMN; SEPARATIONS; FABRICATION; RECEPTORS; COATINGS AB Transmembrane protein (TMP)-functionalized materials have resulted in powerful new methods in chemical analysis. Of particular interest is the development of high-throughput, TMP-functionalized stationary phases for affinity chromatography of complex mixtures of analytes. Several natural and synthetic phospholipids and lipid mimics have been used for TMP reconstitution, although the resulting membranes often lack the requisite chemical and temporal stability for long-term use, a problem that is exacerbated in flowing separation systems. Polymerizable lipids with markedly increased membrane stability and TMP functionality have been developed over the past two decades. More recently, these lipids have been incorporated into a range of analytical methods, including separation techniques, and are now poised to have a significant impact on TMP-based separations. Here, we describe current methods for preparing TMP-containing stationary phases and examine the potential utility of polymerizable lipids in TMP affinity chromatography. C1 [Gallagher, Elyssia S.; Aspinwall, Craig A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Mansfield, Elisabeth] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Aspinwall, Craig A.] Univ Arizona, Inst BIO5, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Aspinwall, CA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM aspinwal@email.arizona.edu FU National Institutes of Health [GM095763] FX This work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health under grant number GM095763. The authors would like to express our gratitude to L. Kofi Bright Jr for assistance with the graphics. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD APR PY 2014 VL 406 IS 9-10 BP 2223 EP 2229 DI 10.1007/s00216-013-7545-2 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA AE7IP UT WOS:000334171200001 PM 24390459 ER PT J AU Liu, JY Murphy, KE MacCuspie, RI Winchester, MR AF Liu, Jingyu Murphy, Karen E. MacCuspie, Robert I. Winchester, Michael R. TI Capabilities of Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for the Size Measurement of Nanoparticles: A Case Study on Gold Nanoparticles SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COLLOID ANALYSIS; ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; ICP-MS; TRANSFORMATIONS; NANOMATERIALS; ENVIRONMENT AB The increasing application of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in consumer and medical products has motivated the development of single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) for characterizing nanoparticles under realistic environmental exposure conditions. Recent studies have established a set of metrological criteria and evaluated the feasibility of spICP-MS for sizing or quantifying various highly commercialized ENMs. However, 20 less is known about the performance of spICP-MS for detecting nanoparticles with sizes greater than 80 nm. This paper presents a systematic study on spICP-MS for accurate size measurement of gold nanoparticles from 10 to 200 nm. We show that dwell time contributes significantly to the quality of data, with the optimal dwell time that limits split particle events, particle coincidences and false positives being 10 ms. A simple approach to correct for split particle events is demonstrated. We show that transient features of single particle events can be temporally resolved on a conventional quadrupole ICP-MS system using a sufficiently short dwell time (0.1 ms). We propose an intensity-size diagram for estimating the linear dynamic size range and guiding the selection of ICP-MS operating conditions. The linear dynamic size range of the ICP-MS system under standard (highest) sensitivity conditions is 10 to 70 nm but can be further extended to 200 nm by operating in less sensitive modes. Finally, the ability of spICP-MS to characterize heterogeneous forms of metal containing nanoparticles is evaluated in mixtures containing both dissolved and poly disperse nanoparticulate Au. C1 [Liu, Jingyu; Murphy, Karen E.; Winchester, Michael R.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Jingyu; MacCuspie, Robert I.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Winchester, MR (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mwinchester@nist.gov RI Liu, Jingyu/A-1503-2015; OI MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499 NR 34 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 82 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 7 BP 3405 EP 3414 DI 10.1021/ac403775a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AE2AV UT WOS:000333776600023 PM 24575780 ER PT J AU Szakal, C Ugelow, MS Gorham, JM Konicek, AR Holbrook, RD AF Szakal, Christopher Ugelow, Melissa S. Gorham, Justin M. Konicek, Andrew R. Holbrook, R. David TI Visualizing Nanoparticle Dissolution by Imaging Mass Spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SILVER NANOPARTICLES; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; METAL NANOCLUSTERS; SURFACES; RELEASE; CITRATE; ENVIRONMENT; CHEMISTRY; KINETICS; GROWTH AB We demonstrate the ability to visualize nanoparticle dissolution while simultaneously providing chemical signatures that differentiate between citrate-capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), AgNPs forced into dissolution via exposure to UV radiation, silver nitrate (AgNO3), and AgNO3/citrate deposited from aqueous solutions and suspensions. We utilize recently developed inkjet printing (IJP) protocols to deposit the different solutions/suspensions as NP aggregates and soluble species, which separate onto surfaces in situ, and collect mass spectral imaging data via time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Resulting 2D Ag+ chemical images provide the ability to distinguish between the different Ag-containing starting materials and, when coupled with mass spectral peak ratios, provide information-rich data sets for quick and reproducible visualization of NP-based aqueous constituents. When compared to other measurements aimed at studying NP dissolution, the IJP-TOF-SIMS approach offers valuable information that can potentially help in understanding the complex equilibria in NP-containing solutions and suspensions, including NP dissolution kinetics and extent of overall dissolution. C1 [Szakal, Christopher; Ugelow, Melissa S.; Gorham, Justin M.; Konicek, Andrew R.; Holbrook, R. David] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Szakal, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cszakal@nist.gov OI Gorham, Justin/0000-0002-0569-297X NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 7 BP 3517 EP 3524 DI 10.1021/ac404153q PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AE2AV UT WOS:000333776600037 PM 24611464 ER PT J AU Sikorsky, AA Fourkas, JT Ross, D AF Sikorsky, Alison A. Fourkas, John T. Ross, David TI Gradient Elution Moving Boundary Electrophoresis with Field-Amplified Continuous Sample Injection SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY ARRAY ELECTROPHORESIS; CONTACTLESS CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION; CHANNEL CURRENT DETECTION; LARGE-VOLUME STACKING; ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; SENSITIVITY; MICROCHIPS; ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; SYSTEMS; ENRICHMENT AB The integration of simple and robust device components required for the successful adaptation of many analytical methods to multiplexed and field-portable devices often has negative effects on detection sensitivity, such as in the optical detection components in a capillary electrophoresis (CE) system. One of the simplest methods to improve sensitivity in the CE field is known as sample stacking. This method involves preparing the sample in a buffer with a different concentration (and conductivity) than that of the run buffer so that when an electric field is applied the analyte concentration is increased at the boundary between the two different buffer concentrations. Here, we describe a method in which the sample is prepared in a buffer at a lower concentration than the run buffer coupled with a recently described counterflow electrophoresis method, gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis (GEMBE), with channel current detection. Because of the continuous sample introduction with GEMBE, we refer to the method as field-amplified continuous sample injection (FACSI). This method achieves a significantly greater signal enhancement than expected for sample stacking. For example, we achieve signal enhancement of 110x with a conductivity ratio of 8.21, and using the detection of arsenate in drinking water as a model system, we have achieved a limit of detection (LOD) improvement of approximately 60x (LODs with and without FACSI are 200 nmol/L and 12 mu mol/L, respectively) with a conductivity ratio of approximately 5.93. C1 [Sikorsky, Alison A.; Fourkas, John T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sikorsky, Alison A.; Ross, David] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Fourkas, John T.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fourkas, John T.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ross, D (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. EM david.ross@nist.gov RI Fourkas, John/B-3500-2009 OI Fourkas, John/0000-0002-4522-9584 NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 7 BP 3625 EP 3632 DI 10.1021/ac500242a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AE2AV UT WOS:000333776600051 PM 24576193 ER PT J AU Pollock, MM Beechie, TJ Wheaton, JM Jordan, CE Bouwes, N Weber, N Volk, C AF Pollock, Michael M. Beechie, Timothy J. Wheaton, Joseph M. Jordan, Chris E. Bouwes, Nick Weber, Nicholas Volk, Carol TI Using Beaver Dams to Restore Incised Stream Ecosystems SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ecosystem restoration; stream restoration; conservation; beaver; Castor canadensis ID MOUNTAIN DRAINAGE BASINS; CHANNEL INCISION; CENTRAL OREGON; RIVER-BASIN; FLOODPLAIN; EVOLUTION; SALMON; WOOD; MORPHOLOGY; PREDATION AB Biogenic features such as beaver dams, large wood, and live vegetation are essential to the maintenance of complex stream ecosystems, but these features are largely absent from models of how streams change over time. Many streams have incised because of changing climate or land-use practices. Because incised streams provide limited benefits to biota, they are a common focus of restoration efforts. Contemporary models of long-term change in streams are focused primarily on physical characteristics, and most restoration efforts are also focused on manipulating physical rather than ecological processes. We present an alternative view, that stream restoration is an ecosystem process, and suggest that the recovery of incised streams is largely dependent on the interaction of biogenic structures with physical fluvial processes. In particular, we propose that live vegetation and beaver dams or beaver dam analogues can substantially accelerate the recovery of incised streams and can help create and maintain complex fluvial ecosystems. C1 [Pollock, Michael M.; Beechie, Timothy J.; Jordan, Chris E.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Wheaton, Joseph M.] Utah State Univ, Watershed Sci Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Bouwes, Nick; Weber, Nicholas] Eco Log Res, Logan, UT USA. [Volk, Carol] South Fork Res, North Bend, WA USA. RP Pollock, MM (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM michael.pollock@noaa.gov RI Wheaton, Joseph/F-1965-2010 OI Wheaton, Joseph/0000-0002-8361-8150 FU NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration); NWFSC; Bonneville Power Administration FX The authors are grateful to Brian Cluer and Ellen Wohl, two forward-thinking scientists who helped inspire the ideas developed in this Overview. Ian Tattam also provided excellent commentary and lively feedback over the course of many field expeditions to examine degraded streams and beaver ponds. We are thankful to Carol Evans of the Bureau of Land Management, who has been actively using beaver to restore incised streams and who provided the photographs used in figure 6 of this article. George Pess, Phil Roni, and Peter Kiffney provided internal Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC) peer reviews of the manuscript, and three anonymous reviewers provided additional peer review, all of which helped improve the quality of this work. Funding for this project was provided by internal NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) and NWFSC funds, and the Bonneville Power Administration provided funding for a related field study that was essential in the development of the concepts put forth in this article. NR 62 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 9 U2 112 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD APR PY 2014 VL 64 IS 4 BP 279 EP 290 DI 10.1093/biosci/biu036 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA AE7AA UT WOS:000334147900007 ER PT J AU Kang, SM Held, IM Xie, SP AF Kang, Sarah M. Held, Isaac M. Xie, Shang-Ping TI Contrasting the tropical responses to zonally asymmetric extratropical and tropical thermal forcing SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE AMOC; Zonal homogenization; Zonal advection ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENERGY BUDGET; GCM; PACIFIC; ITCZ; ENSO AB The mechanism is investigated by which extratropical thermal forcing with a finite zonal extent produces global impact. The goal is to understand the near-global response to a weakened Atlantic meridional overturning circulation suggested by paleoclimate data and modeling studies. An atmospheric model coupled to an aquaplanet slab mixed layer ocean, in which the unperturbed climate is zonally symmetric, is perturbed by prescribing cooling of the mixed layer in the Northern Hemisphere and heating of equal magnitude in the Southern Hemisphere, over some finite range of longitudes. In the case of heating/cooling confined to the extratropics, the zonally asymmetric forcing is homogenized by midlatitude westerlies and extratropical eddies before passing on to the tropics, inducing a zonally symmetric tropical response. In addition, the zonal mean responses vary little as the zonal extent of the forced region is changed, holding the zonal mean heating fixed, implying little impact of stationary eddies on the zonal mean. In contrast, when the heating/cooling is confined to the tropics, the zonally asymmetric forcing produces a highly localized response with slight westward extension, due to advection by mean easterly trade winds. Regardless of the forcing location, neither the spatial structure nor the zonal mean responses are strongly affected by wind-evaporation-sea surface temperature feedback. C1 [Kang, Sarah M.] UNIST, Sch Urban & Environm Engn, Ulsan 689798, South Korea. [Held, Isaac M.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Xie, Shang-Ping] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, NJ USA. RP Kang, SM (reprint author), UNIST, Sch Urban & Environm Engn, 100 Banyeon Ri, Ulsan 689798, South Korea. EM skang@unist.ac.kr RI Xie, Shang-Ping/C-1254-2009 OI Xie, Shang-Ping/0000-0002-3676-1325 FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning [2013R1A1A3004589]; NSF FX We thank one anonymous reviewer for constructive comments that helped greatly to improve earlier version of the manuscript. SMK is supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (2013R1A1A3004589) and SPX is supported by NSF. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD APR PY 2014 VL 42 IS 7-8 BP 2033 EP 2043 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1863-0 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE5ZP UT WOS:000334068100020 ER PT J AU Jha, B Hu, ZZ Kumar, A AF Jha, Bhaskar Hu, Zeng-Zhen Kumar, Arun TI SST and ENSO variability and change simulated in historical experiments of CMIP5 models SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; CLIMATE; FORECASTS; SKILL; CCSM3; OCEAN AB This work documents the diversity in Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models in simulating different aspects of sea surface temperature (SST) variability, particularly those associated with the El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), as well as the impact of low-frequency variations on the ENSO variability and its global teleconnection. The historical simulations (1870-2005) include 10 models with ensemble member ranging from 3 to 10 that are forced with observed atmospheric composition changes reflecting both natural and anthropogenic forcings. It is shown that the majority of the CMIP5 models capture the relative large SST anomaly variance in the tropical central and eastern Pacific, as well as in North Pacific and North Atlantic. The frequency of ENSO is not well captured by almost all models, particularly for the period of 5-6 years. The low-frequency variations in SST caused by external forcings affect the SST variability and also modify the global teleconnection of ENSO. The models reproduce the global averaged SST low-frequency variations, particularly since 1970s. However, majority of the models are unable to correctly simulate the spatial pattern of the observed SST trends. These results suggest that it is still a challenge to reproduce the features of global historical SST variations with the state-of-the-art coupled general circulation model. C1 [Jha, Bhaskar; Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Jha, Bhaskar] WYLE Sci Technol & Engn Grp, Houston, TX USA. RP Jha, B (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM bhaskar.jha@noaa.gov RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011 OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD APR PY 2014 VL 42 IS 7-8 BP 2113 EP 2124 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1803-z PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE5ZP UT WOS:000334068100025 ER PT J AU Gallagher, ES Adem, SM Bright, LK Calderon, IAC Mansfield, E Aspinwall, CA AF Gallagher, Elyssia S. Adem, Seid M. Bright, Leonard K. Calderon, Isen A. C. Mansfield, Elisabeth Aspinwall, Craig A. TI Hybrid phospholipid bilayer coatings for separations of cationic proteins in capillary zone electrophoresis SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE Capillary coatings; CZE; Hybrid bilayers; Phospholipids; Proteins ID SURFACTANT COATINGS; FUSED-SILICA; MEMBRANES; ADSORPTION; LIPOSOMES; BUFFERS; AIR AB Protein separations in CZE suffer from nonspecific adsorption of analytes to the capillary surface. Semipermanent phospholipid bilayers have been used to minimize adsorption, but must be regenerated regularly to ensure reproducibility. We investigated the formation, characterization, and use of hybrid phospholipid bilayers (HPBs) as more stable biosurfactant capillary coatings for CZE protein separations. HPBs are formed by covalently modifying a support with a hydrophobic monolayer onto which a self-assembled lipid monolayer is deposited. Monolayers prepared in capillaries using 3-cyanopropyldimethylchlorosilane (CPDCS) or n-octyldimethylchlorosilane (ODCS) yielded hydrophobic surfaces with lowered surface free energies of 6.0 +/- 0.3 or 0.2 +/- 0.1mJm(-2), respectively, compared to 17 +/- 1mJm(-2) for bare silica capillaries. HPBs were formed by subsequently fusing vesicles comprised of 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine or 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine to CPDCS- or ODCS-modified capillaries. The resultant HPB coatings shielded the capillary surface and yielded reduced electroosmotic mobility (1.3-1.9x10(-4)cm(2)V(-1)s(-1)) compared to CPDCS- and ODCS-modified or bare capillaries (3.6 +/- 0.2x10(-4)cm(2)V(-1)s(-1), 4.8 +/- 0.4x10(-4)cm(2)V(-1)s(-1), and 6.0 +/- 0.2x10(-4)cm(2)V(-1)s(-1), respectively), with increased stability compared to phospholipid bilayer coatings. HPB-coated capillaries yielded reproducible protein migration times (RSD 3.6%, n 6) with separation efficiencies as high as 200000 plates/m. C1 [Gallagher, Elyssia S.; Bright, Leonard K.; Calderon, Isen A. C.; Aspinwall, Craig A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Adem, Seid M.] Washburn Univ, Dept Chem, Topeka, KS 66621 USA. [Mansfield, Elisabeth] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Aspinwall, Craig A.] Univ Arizona, Inst BIO5, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Aspinwall, CA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Biochem, 1306 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM aspinwal@email.arizona.edu FU Biological Chemistry Program [NIH T32 GM008804]; National Institutes of Health [GM095763] FX ESG was supported by a graduate training fellowship through the Biological Chemistry Program (NIH T32 GM008804). This work was funded in part by the National Institutes of Health (GM095763). Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this document. Such identification does not imply recommendations or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the products identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0173-0835 EI 1522-2683 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD APR PY 2014 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1099 EP 1105 DI 10.1002/elps.201300537 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA AE6SX UT WOS:000334126600003 PM 24459085 ER PT J AU Overdick, AA Busby, MS Blood, DM AF Overdick, Ashlee A. Busby, Morgan S. Blood, Deborah M. TI Descriptions of eggs of snailfishes (family Liparidae) from the Bering Sea and eastern North Pacific Ocean SO ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Elassodiscus tremebundus; Paraliparis rosaceus; Careproctus colletti; Careproctus melanurus; hatching glands ID GOLDEN KING CRAB; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; LOPHOLITHODES-FORAMINATUS; LITHODES-AEQUISPINUS; GENUS CAREPROCTUS; BOX CRAB; SCORPAENIFORMES; TELEOSTEI; FISH; REDESCRIPTION AB Eggs of liparid fishes were collected by bottom trawl in the southeastern Bering Sea and removed from an oceanographic mooring cable off the coast of British Columbia, Canada. Eggs were large with embryos most commonly in late flexion to postflexion stages. Based on meristic counts and collection localities, eggs were identified as Elassodiscus tremebundus, Paraliparis rosaceus, and Careproctus sp. (either Careproctus colletti or Careproctus melanurus). Eggs of E. tremebundus are oval with a smooth, opaque chorion. Eggs of P. rosaceus are spherical and the chorion is sculptured with a uniformly pebbled texture. Eggs of Careproctus sp. are slightly oval and the chorion is smooth and opaque. Embryos of all species are unpigmented. A pelvic disk is present in embryos of E. tremebundus, but it is rudimentary: a small patch of tissue that was visible only after embryos were cleared and stained. Adults of the genus Paraliparis do not have a pelvic disk and no disk was observed in developing embryos. Embryos of Careproctus sp. have a large disk with rays visible in later stages. Hatching glands are present on the head and nape of embryos of all three species. Hatching glands of E. tremebundus are separated into bands across the snout, along the jaws and opercle, and in a patch on the nape, while those of P. rosaceus and Careproctus sp. are evenly distributed over the head and nape. This is the first full description of the embryonic stages of these taxa. C1 [Overdick, Ashlee A.; Busby, Morgan S.; Blood, Deborah M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Overdick, AA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM ashlee.overdick@noaa.gov NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1341-8998 EI 1616-3915 J9 ICHTHYOL RES JI Ichthyol. Res. PD APR PY 2014 VL 61 IS 2 BP 131 EP 141 DI 10.1007/s10228-013-0384-5 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AF0QG UT WOS:000334418500004 ER PT J AU Aitken, ML Banta, RM Pichugina, YL Lundquist, JK AF Aitken, Matthew L. Banta, Robert M. Pichugina, Yelena L. Lundquist, Julie K. TI Quantifying Wind Turbine Wake Characteristics from Scanning Remote Sensor Data SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Inverse methods; Renewable energy; Field experiments; Stochastic models; Wind; Remote sensing ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; DOPPLER LIDAR; COMPLEX TERRAIN; POWER DEFICITS; FLOW; FARMS; MODEL; SPEED; DISTRIBUTIONS; DISPERSION AB Because of the dense arrays at most wind farms, the region of disturbed flow downstream of an individual turbine leads to reduced power production and increased structural loading for its leeward counterparts. Currently, wind farm wake modeling, and hence turbine layout optimization, suffers from an unacceptable degree of uncertainty, largely because of a lack of adequate experimental data for model validation. Accordingly, nearly 100 h of wake measurements were collected with long-range Doppler lidar at the National Wind Technology Center at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in the Turbine Wake and Inflow Characterization Study (TWICS). This study presents quantitative procedures for determining critical parameters from this extensive dataset-such as the velocity deficit, the size of the wake boundary, and the location of the wake centerline-and categorizes the results by ambient wind speed, turbulence, and atmospheric stability. Despite specific reference to lidar, the methodology is general and could be applied to extract wake characteristics from other remote sensor datasets, as well as computational simulation output. The observations indicate an initial velocity deficit of 50%-60% immediately behind the turbine, which gradually declines to 15%-25% at a downwind distance x of 6.5 rotor diameters (D). The wake expands with downstream distance, albeit less so in the vertical direction due to the presence of the ground: initially the same size as the rotor, the extent of the wake grows to 2.7D (1.2D) in the horizontal (vertical) at x = 6.5D. Moreover, the vertical location of the wake center shifts upward with downstream distance because of the tilt of the rotor. C1 [Aitken, Matthew L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Banta, Robert M.; Pichugina, Yelena L.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Pichugina, Yelena L.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lundquist, Julie K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lundquist, Julie K.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Aitken, ML (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM matthew.aitken@colorado.edu RI Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI LUNDQUIST, JULIE/0000-0001-5490-2702 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Wind and Hydropower Technologies program FX It is our distinct pleasure to thank Alan Brewer, Raul Alvarez, and Scott Sandberg at NOAA for their efforts in collecting, processing, and interpreting the HRDL data. Much credit goes to Kelley Hestmark, a recent graduate of the University of Colorado Boulder, for her assistance with the initial data analysis. We are also immensely grateful for the help of Michael Ritzwoller and Balaji Rajagopalan at the University of Colorado Boulder, who both graciously offered indispensable advice regarding parameter estimation and inverse problems. Many thanks also to Andrew Clifton at NREL for his encouragement and valuable suggestions, to Neil Kelley for helping design the experiment, and to Jeffrey Mirocha at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for technical management of the project. We greatly appreciate the staff of the turbine manufacturer for its facilitation of observational periods. This work benefited greatly from anonymous reviewer comments and was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy's Wind and Hydropower Technologies program, under the direction of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. NR 56 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 31 IS 4 BP 765 EP 787 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00104.1 PG 23 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE6XX UT WOS:000334142400002 ER PT J AU Wang, WH Zou, CZ AF Wang, Wenhui Zou, Cheng-Zhi TI AMSU-A-Only Atmospheric Temperature Data Records from the Lower Troposphere to the Top of the Stratosphere SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Satellite observations; Climate change; Stratosphere; Climate records; Climate variability; Troposphere ID MSU; CONSTRUCTION AB The Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A, 1998-present) not only continues but surpasses the Microwave Sounding Unit's (MSU, 1978-2006) capability in atmospheric temperature observation. It provides valuable satellite measurements for higher vertical resolution and long-term climate change research and trend monitoring. This study presented methodologies for generating 11 channels of AMSU-A-only atmospheric temperature data records from the lower troposphere to the top of the stratosphere. The recalibrated AMSU-A level 1c radiances recently developed by the Center for Satellite Applications and Research group were used. The recalibrated radiances were adjusted to a consistent sensor incidence angle (nadir), channel frequencies (prelaunch-specified central frequencies), and observation time (local solar noon time). Radiative transfer simulations were used to correct the sensor incidence angle effect and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-15 (NOAA-15) channel 6 frequency shift. Multiyear averaged diurnal/semidiurnal anomaly climatologies from climate reanalysis as well as climate model simulations were used to adjust satellite observations to local solar noon time. Adjusted AMSU-A measurements from six satellites were carefully quality controlled and merged to generate 13+ years (1998-2011) of a monthly 2.5 degrees x 2.5 degrees gridded atmospheric temperature data record. Major trend features in the AMSU-A-only atmospheric temperature time series, including global mean temperature trends and spatial trend patterns, were summarized. C1 [Wang, Wenhui] Earth Resource Technol Inc, Laurel, MD USA. [Zou, Cheng-Zhi] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Zou, CZ (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, 5830 Univ Res Ct,Off 2826, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM cheng-zhi.zou@noaa.gov RI Wang, Wenhui/D-3240-2012; Zou, Cheng-Zhi/E-3085-2010 FU NOAA [NESDISNESDISPO20092001589 (SDS0915)] FX The study was supported by NOAA Grant NESDISNESDISPO20092001589 (SDS0915). The authors thank Dr. Yong Chen from the NOAA CRTM team for providing shifted NOAA-15 channel 6 spectral coefficients and Dr. Huan Meng for kindly providing representative AMSU-A attitude datasets. The opinions contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAAor U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 31 IS 4 BP 808 EP 825 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00134.1 PG 18 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE6XX UT WOS:000334142400004 ER PT J AU Walsh, EJ PopStefanija, I Matrosov, SY Zhang, J Uhlhorn, E Klotz, B AF Walsh, Edward J. PopStefanija, Ivan Matrosov, Sergey Y. Zhang, Jian Uhlhorn, Eric Klotz, Brad TI Airborne Rain-Rate Measurement with a Wide-Swath Radar Altimeter SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rainfall; Radars/Radar observations; Precipitation; Remote sensing ID FREQUENCY MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; SPECTRUM SPATIAL VARIATION; SURFACE; HURRICANES; SLOPE; OCEAN AB The NOAA Wide-Swath Radar Altimeter (WSRA) uses 80 narrow beams spread over +/- 30 degrees in the cross-track direction to generate raster lines of sea surface topography at a 10-Hz rate from which sea surface directional wave spectra are produced. A +/- 14 degrees subset of the backscattered power data associated with the topography measurements is used to produce independent measurements of rain rate and sea surface mean square slope at 10-s intervals. Theoretical calculations of rain attenuation at the WSRA 16.15-GHz operating frequency using measured drop size distributions for both mostly convective and mostly stratiform rainfall demonstrate that the WSRA absorption technique for rain determination is relatively insensitive to both ambient temperature and the characteristics of the drop size distribution, in contrast to reflectivity techniques. The variation of the sea surface radar reflectivity in the vicinity of a hurricane is reviewed. Fluctuations in the sea surface scattering characteristics caused by changes in wind speed or the rain impinging on the surface cannot contaminate the rain measurement because they are calibrated out using the WSRA measurement of mean square slope. WSRA rain measurements from a NOAA WP-3D hurricane research aircraft off the North Carolina coast in Hurricane Irene on 26 August 2011 are compared with those from the stepped frequency microwave radiometer (SFMR) on the aircraft and the Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) National Mosaic and Multi-Sensor Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE) system. C1 [Walsh, Edward J.; PopStefanija, Ivan] ProSensing Inc, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Walsh, Edward J.; Matrosov, Sergey Y.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Zhang, Jian] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Uhlhorn, Eric; Klotz, Brad] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, AOML, Miami, FL USA. [Klotz, Brad] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP PopStefanija, I (reprint author), ProSensing Inc, 107 Sunderland Rd, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. EM popstefanija@prosensing.com RI Klotz, Bradley/J-9506-2013 OI Klotz, Bradley/0000-0002-6061-6531 FU NASA [NNX13AQ31G] FX The authors thank the NOAA Aircraft Operations Center personnel and flight crew and the NOAA/AOML/Hurricane Research Division scientists, with special thanks to Shirley Murillo, the 2011 HFP Field Program Director, who added the near-shore leg to the flight pattern that made the NEXRAD comparison possible. S. Y. Matrosov acknowledges support from NASA Grant NNX13AQ31G. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 31 IS 4 BP 860 EP 875 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00111.1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE6XX UT WOS:000334142400007 ER PT J AU Wood, BM Ham, K Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL Faridani, A Kaestner, A Vajo, JJ Liu, P Dobbins, TA Butler, LG AF Wood, Bradley M. Ham, Kyungmin Hussey, Daniel S. Jacobson, David L. Faridani, Adel Kaestner, Anders Vajo, John J. Liu, Ping Dobbins, Tabbetha A. Butler, Leslie G. TI Real-time observation of hydrogen absorption by LaNi5 with quasi-dynamic neutron tomography SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Tomography of Materials and Structures CY JUL 01-05, 2013 CL Ghent, BELGIUM DE Neutron tomography; Dynamic tomography; Hydrogen storage AB The uptake of hydrogen by lanthanum pentanickel (LaNi5) to form lanthanum nickel hydride (LaNi5H6) is followed with three-dimensional imaging by neutron tomography. The hydrogen absorption process is slower than the time needed for acquiring a single radiograph, about 10 s, but fast relative to the time to acquire a fully-sampled tomographic data set, about 6000 s. A novel data acquisition scheme is used with angles based upon the Greek Golden ratio, a scheme which allows considerable flexibility in post-acquisition tomography reconstruction. Even with tomographic undersampling, the granular structure for the conversion of LaNi5 particles to LaNi5H6 particles is observed and visually tracked in 3D. Over the course of five sequential hydrogen uptake runs with various initial hydrogen pressures, some grains are repeatedly observed. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ham, Kyungmin] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Adv Microstruct & Devices, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. [Wood, Bradley M.; Butler, Leslie G.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Hussey, Daniel S.; Jacobson, David L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Neutron Imaging Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Faridani, Adel] Oregon State Univ, Dept Math, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kaestner, Anders] Paul Scherrer Inst, Neutron Imaging & Activat Grp, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Vajo, John J.; Liu, Ping] HRL Labs LLC, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. [Dobbins, Tabbetha A.] Rowan Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. RP Butler, LG (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM bwood6@tigers.lsu.edu; kham1@lsu.edu; daniel.hussey@nist.gov; david.jacobson@nist.gov; faridani@science.oregonstate.edu; anders.kaestner@psi.ch; JJVajo@hrl.com; PLiu@hrl.com; Dobbins@rowan.edu; lbutler@lsu.edu RI Butler, Leslie/D-1636-2016; OI Butler, Leslie/0000-0003-1547-608X; Dobbins, Tabbetha/0000-0002-2427-3746 FU U.S. Department of Commerce; NIST Radiation Physics Division; office of NIST; NIST Center for Neutron Research; Department of Energy [DE-AI01001EE50660]; National Science Foundation [CHE-0910937]; NSF EPSCoR [EPS-1003897]; Louisiana Board of Regents; NSF [DMS-0709495]; Center on Nanostructuring for Efficient Energy Conversion (CNEEC) at Stanford University; U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001060] FX The NIST authors acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Commerce, the NIST Radiation Physics Division, the Director's office of NIST, the NIST Center for Neutron Research, and the Department of Energy through interagency agreement No. DE-AI01001EE50660. L.G.B. AND T.A.D. gratefully acknowledge the support of materials science tomography from the National Science Foundation (CHE-0910937) and NSF EPSCoR Cooperative Agreement No. EPS-1003897 with additional support from the Louisiana Board of Regents. A.F. also acknowledges NSF support (DMS-0709495).L.G.B. sincerely thanks Dr. Robert Bowman (JPL) for late night advice on sample activation end Eli Baltic (NIST) for tremendous assistance with the H2 gas manifold as well as careful attention to the safety issues. P.L. and J.J.V. acknowledge support from the Center on Nanostructuring for Efficient Energy Conversion (CNEEC) at Stanford University, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001060. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 324 BP 95 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2013.10.052 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA AE2GP UT WOS:000333791600015 ER PT J AU Wilson, RM Peden, BM Clark, CW Rittenhouse, ST AF Wilson, Ryan M. Peden, Brandon M. Clark, Charles W. Rittenhouse, Seth T. TI Spin Waves and Dielectric Softening of Polar Molecule Condensates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; TRAPPED DIPOLAR GASES; EXCITATIONS; ATOMS; STATE AB We consider an oblate Bose-Einstein condensate of heteronuclear polar molecules in a weak applied electric field. This system supports a rich quasiparticle spectrum that plays a critical role in determining its bulk dielectric properties. In particular, in sufficiently weak fields the system undergoes a polarization wave rotonization, leading to the development of textured electronic structure and a dielectric instability that is characteristic of the onset of a negative static dielectric function. C1 [Wilson, Ryan M.; Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wilson, Ryan M.; Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Peden, Brandon M.; Rittenhouse, Seth T.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Rittenhouse, Seth T.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wilson, RM (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 FU NRC postdoctoral fellowship FX We acknowledge useful conversations with B.L. Johnson, H.R. Sadeghpour, C. Ticknor, E. Timmermans, and J.L. Bohn. R.M.W. acknowledges support from an NRC postdoctoral fellowship. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 13 AR 135301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.135301 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AE9OH UT WOS:000334336600008 PM 24745433 ER PT J AU Chen, S Liu, HJ You, YL Mullens, E Hu, JJ Yuan, Y Huang, MY He, L Luo, YM Zeng, XJ Tang, GQ Hong, Y AF Chen, Sheng Liu, Huijuan You, Yalei Mullens, Esther Hu, Junjun Yuan, Ye Huang, Mengyu He, Li Luo, Yongming Zeng, Xingji Tang, Guoqiang Hong, Yang TI Evaluation of High-Resolution Precipitation Estimates from Satellites during July 2012 Beijing Flood Event Using Dense Rain Gauge Observations SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PASSIVE MICROWAVE; PRODUCTS; SYSTEM; TRMM; RADAR AB Satellite-based precipitation estimates products, CMORPH and PERSIANN-CCS, were evaluated with a dense rain gauge network over Beijing and adjacent regions for an extremely heavy precipitation event on July 21 2012. CMORPH and PEERSIANN-CSS misplaced the region of greatest rainfall accumulation, and failed to capture the spatial pattern of precipitation, evidenced by a low spatial correlation coefficient ( CC). CMORPH overestimated the daily accumulated rainfall by 22.84% while PERSIANN-CCS underestimated by 72.75%. In the rainfall center, both CMORPH and PERSIANN-CCS failed to capture the temporal variation of the rainfall, and underestimated rainfall amounts by 43.43% and 87.26%, respectively. Based on our results, caution should be exercised when using CMORPH and PERSIANN-CCS as input for monitoring and forecasting floods in Beijing urban areas, and the potential for landslides in the mountainous zones west and north of Beijing. C1 [Chen, Sheng; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Chen, Sheng; Hong, Yang] Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Liu, Huijuan; Yuan, Ye] Anhui Weather Modificat Off, Hefei, Peoples R China. [You, Yalei] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [You, Yalei] Florida State Univ, Dept Ocean Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [You, Yalei] Florida State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Mullens, Esther] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Mullens, Esther] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hu, Junjun] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Huang, Mengyu] Beijing Weather Modificat Off, Beijing, Peoples R China. [He, Li; Luo, Yongming] Natl Satellite Ctr, Remote Sensing Applicat Test Base, Gaugnxi, Peoples R China. [He, Li; Luo, Yongming] Guangxi Meteorol Bur, Disaster Mitigat Inst, Nanning, Gaugnxi, Peoples R China. [Zeng, Xingji] Guangxi Meteorol Bur, Meteorol Informat Ctr, Nanning, Gaugnxi, Peoples R China. [Tang, Guoqiang] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Liu, HJ (reprint author), Anhui Weather Modificat Off, Hefei, Peoples R China. EM 64230038@qq.com RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Tang, Guoqiang/0000-0002-0923-583X FU R & D Special Foundation for Public Welfare Industry (meteorology) of China [GYHY201306040]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40905019, 41105098, 41275030]; State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Open Fund [2013LASW-A09] FX This work was supported by the R & D Special Foundation for Public Welfare Industry (meteorology) of China under Grant No. GYHY201306040; the National Natural Science Foundation of China with Grant No. 40905019, 41105098, 41275030; the State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Open Fund 2013LASW-A09. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 30 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 4 AR e89681 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0089681 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AE6KM UT WOS:000334101100005 PM 24691358 ER PT J AU Sherman, B AF Sherman, Ben TI Corals face serious toxic threat SO TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT News Item C1 NOAA, Washington, DC USA. RP Sherman, B (reprint author), NOAA, Washington, DC USA. EM ben.sherman@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0165-9936 EI 1879-3142 J9 TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM JI Trac-Trends Anal. Chem. PD APR PY 2014 VL 56 BP VI EP VI PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AE6UU UT WOS:000334134300005 ER PT J AU Smith, RH Johns, EM Goni, GJ Trinanes, J Lumpkin, R Wood, AM Kelble, CR Cummings, SR Lamkin, JT Privoznik, S AF Smith, R. H. Johns, E. M. Goni, G. J. Trinanes, J. Lumpkin, R. Wood, A. M. Kelble, C. R. Cummings, S. R. Lamkin, J. T. Privoznik, S. TI Oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of Mexico in July 2010, during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Deepwater Horizon oil spill; Gulf of Mexico oceanography; Loop Current; Eddy Franklin; Oil entrainment and transport; Subsurface oil plume ID WEST FLORIDA SHELF; LOOP CURRENT; HYDROCARBON PLUME; CYCLONIC EDDIES; CIRCULATION; VARIABILITY; FREQUENCY; TRANSPORT; BLOWOUT; SUPPORT AB Circulation in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) is dominated by mesoscale features that include the Loop Current (LC), Loop Current Rings (LCRs), and smaller frontal eddies. During May-June 2010, while oil was still flowing from the Macondo well following the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) platform explosion on April 20, 2010, drifter trajectories, satellite observations, and numerical simulations indicated a potential for direct connectivity between the northern Gulf and the Florida Straits via the LC system. This pathway could have potentially entrained particles, including northern GOM contaminants related to the oil spill, carrying them directly towards the coastal ecosystems of south Florida and northern Cuba. To assess this connectivity, and to evaluate the potential oil impacts on economically important GOM fisheries, an interdisciplinary shipboard survey was conducted in the eastern Gulf during July 2010. Analysis of the resulting hydrographic data confirmed that: (1) by July 2010 a large LCR had become separated from the main LC by a cyclonic eddy resulting in the loss of a direct transport mechanism from the northern GOM to the Florida Straits, leaving only indirect pathways available to potential contaminants: and (2) with the exception of four hydrographic stations occupied within 84 km of the wellhead, no evidence of oil was found during the survey on the surface or within the water column. These results corroborated analysis of satellite altimetry observations of the GOM surface circulation and verified official surface oil coverage forecasts where they intersected with the survey track. This cruise sampled the LC. LCR, and frontal eddies to a depth of 2000 m, with the results suggesting that any oil entrained by circulation features in prior months had either been weathered, consumed by bacteria, dispersed to undetectable levels, or was only present in unsurveyed areas. The assembled subsurface measurements represent one of only a few data sets collected across the dominant GOM mesoscale circulation features at a time when there was great concern about the potential long-range spreading of DWH related contaminants. Direct observations such as these are critical for the assessment of particle trajectory and circulation models utilized during the spill, and for the improvement of future numerical forecast products. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Smith, R. H.; Johns, E. M.; Goni, G. J.; Trinanes, J.; Lumpkin, R.; Wood, A. M.; Kelble, C. R.; Cummings, S. R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlant Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Trinanes, J.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Technol Res Inst, Lab Syst, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain. [Lamkin, J. T.; Privoznik, S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Privoznik, S.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Smith, RH (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlant Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ryan.smith@noaa.gov RI Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009; Smith, Ryan/A-5706-2011; Kelble, Christopher/A-8511-2008; Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012; Johns, Elizabeth/I-3547-2013 OI Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704; Smith, Ryan/0000-0001-9824-6989; Kelble, Christopher/0000-0003-0914-4134; Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170; Johns, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2181-5052 FU NOAA Deepwater Horizon Supplemental Funding. NOAA Global Drifter Program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the officers and crew of the NOAA Ship Nancy Foster for their dedicated support in the field, the technicians and research assistants for their contributions both at sea and in the lab, the equipment and facilities of NOAA/AOML and NOAA/SEFSC, and the Response and Chemical Assessment Team (RCAT) laboratory at Louisiana State University for the hydrocarbon analysis. Special thanks are due to the NOAA leadership including Steve Murawski, Mike Uhart, Mike Allen, Craig McLean, and Judy Gray for facilitating the fieldwork at very short notice. The authors would also like to thank Christopher Meinen, Sang-Ki Lee, and Claudia Schmid for several helpful suggestions for improving earlier drafts of this manuscript. In addition to the laboratories listed above, financial support for this work was provided through NOAA Deepwater Horizon Supplemental Funding. NOAA Global Drifter Program drifter trajectory data referenced in this paper are available publicly at http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/envids/g1d/dirkrig/parttrk_spatial_temporal.php ). NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 77 BP 118 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2013.12.009 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AE5GO UT WOS:000334016000011 ER PT J AU Bieniek, PA Walsh, JE Thoman, RL Bhatt, US AF Bieniek, Peter A. Walsh, John E. Thoman, Richard L. Bhatt, Uma S. TI Using Climate Divisions to Analyze Variations and Trends in Alaska Temperature and Precipitation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Multidecadal variability; Climate change; Climate variability; Arctic; Trends; Pacific decadal oscillation ID UNITED-STATES; ARCTIC AMPLIFICATION; EL-NINO; DATABASE; OSCILLATION; PERSPECTIVE; IMPACTS AB By extending the record of Alaskan divisional temperature and precipitation back in time, regional variations and trends of temperature and precipitation over 1920-2012 are documented. The use of the divisional framework highlights the greater spatial coherence of temperature variations relative to precipitation variations. The divisional time series of temperature are characterized by large interannual variability superimposed upon low-frequency variability, as well as by an underlying trend. Low-frequency variability corresponding to the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) includes Alaska's generally warm period of the 1920s and 1930s, a cold period from the late 1940s through the mid-1970s, a warm period from the late 1970s through the early 2000s, and a cooler period in the most recent decade. An exception to the cooling of the past decade is the North Slope climate division, which has continued to warm. There has been a gradual upward trend of Alaskan temperatures relative to the PDO since 1920, resulting in a statewide average warming of about 1 degrees C. In contrast to temperature, variations of precipitation are less consistent across climate divisions and have much less multidecadal character. Thirty-year trends of both variables are highly sensitive to the choice of the subperiod within the overall 93-yr period. The trends also vary seasonally, with winter and spring contributing the most to the annual trends. C1 [Bieniek, Peter A.; Walsh, John E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Thoman, Richard L.] NOAA, Alaska Reg, Natl Weather Serv, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Bhatt, Uma S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Atmospher Sci, Coll Nat Sci & Math, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Bhatt, Uma S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Bieniek, PA (reprint author), Int Arctic Res Ctr, POB 757340, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM pbieniek@alaska.edu FU Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research; Climate Program Office, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA10OAR4310055] FX The authors thank the editor and the anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful comments that helped to improve this manuscript. This publication is the result in part of research sponsored by the Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research with funds from the Climate Program Office, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Grant NA10OAR4310055 to the University of Alaska Fairbanks. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2014 VL 27 IS 8 BP 2800 EP 2818 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00342.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE5HC UT WOS:000334017400002 ER PT J AU Rainville, L Jayne, SR Cronin, MF AF Rainville, Luc Jayne, Steven R. Cronin, Meghan F. TI Variations of the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water from Direct Observations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Eddies; Ocean dynamics; Water masses; Mesoscale processes; Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Mesoscale systems ID KUROSHIO EXTENSION REGION; DECADAL VARIABILITY; MESOSCALE EDDIES; RECIRCULATION GYRE; OCEAN; FLUX; CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT; SYSTEM; WIND AB Mooring measurements from the Kuroshio Extension System Study (June 2004-June 2006) and from the ongoing Kuroshio Extension Observatory (June 2004-present) are combined with float measurements of the Argo network to study the variability of the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water (STMW) across the entire gyre, on time scales from days, to seasons, to a decade. The top of the STMW follows a seasonal cycle, although observations reveal that it primarily varies in discrete steps associated with episodic wind events. The variations of the STMW bottom depth are tightly related to the sea surface height (SSH), reflecting mesoscale eddies and large-scale variations of the Kuroshio Extension and recirculation gyre systems. Using the observed relationship between SSH and STMW, gridded SSH products and in situ estimates from floats are used to construct weekly maps of STMW thickness, providing nonbiased estimates of STMW total volume, annual formation and erosion volumes, and seasonal and interannual variability for the past decade. Year-to-year variations are detected, particularly a significant decrease of STMW volume in 2007-10 primarily attributable to a smaller volume formed. Variability of the heat content in the mode water region is dominated by the seasonal cycle and mesoscale eddies; there is only a weak link to STMW on interannual time scales, and no long-term trends in heat content and STMW thickness between 2002 and 2011 are detected. Weak lagged correlations among air-sea fluxes, oceanic heat content, and STMW thickness are found when averaged over the northwestern Pacific recirculation gyre region. C1 [Rainville, Luc] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Jayne, Steven R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Rainville, L (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM rainville@apl.washington.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0220161, OCE-0825152, OCE-0827125]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Climate Observations (OCO); NOAA Climate Observations and Monitoring program; CNES FX We gratefully acknowledge the WHOI Subsurface Mooring Group and thank the captains and crews of the R/V Thompson, R/V Roger Revelle, and R/V Melville for their support of the KESS mooring operations. This work was sponsored by the National Science Foundation (Grants OCE-0220161, OCE-0825152, and OCE-0827125). More details about KESS can be found at http://uskess.org/. The KEO time series reference site is sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Climate Observations (OCO). KEO mooring data are available from the PMEL Ocean Climate Stations web pages at http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ocs/KEO. All STMW and OHC maps and derived products are available from the KESS web page (http://uskess.org). Argo data were collected and made freely available by the International Argo program and the national programs that contribute to it (http://www.argo.ucsd.edu; http://argo.jcommops.org). The Argo program is part of the Global Ocean Observing System. The ocean heat flux products were provided by the WHOI OAFlux project funded by the NOAA Climate Observations and Monitoring program. The altimeter products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by AVISO, with support from CNES (http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/duacs/). NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2014 VL 27 IS 8 BP 2842 EP 2860 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00227.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE5HC UT WOS:000334017400004 ER PT J AU Gladics, AJ Suryan, RM Brodeur, RD Segui, LM Filliger, LZ AF Gladics, Amanda J. Suryan, Robert M. Brodeur, Richard D. Segui, Leah M. Filliger, Laura Z. TI Constancy and change in marine predator diets across a shift in oceanographic conditions in the Northern California Current SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; VARIABLE RESPONSES; FORAGE FISHES; TOP PREDATORS; OREGON COAST; SEABIRDS; PREY; PACIFIC; ECOSYSTEM AB Variable ocean conditions can greatly impact prey assemblages and predator foraging in marine ecosystems. Our goal was to better understand how a change in ocean conditions influenced dietary niche overlap among a suite of midtrophic-level predators. We examined the diets of three fishes and one seabird off central Oregon during two boreal summer upwelling periods with contrasting El Nio (2010) and La Nia (2011) conditions. We found greater niche specialization during El Nio and increased niche overlap during La Nia in both the nekton and micronekton diet components, especially in the larger, more offshore predators. However, only the two smaller, more nearshore predators exhibited interannual variation in diet composition. Concurrent trawl surveys confirmed that changes in components of predator diets reflected changes in the prey community. Using multiple predators across diverse taxa and life histories provided a comprehensive understanding of food-web dynamics during changing ocean conditions. C1 [Gladics, Amanda J.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Segui, Leah M.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Filliger, Laura Z.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Gladics, AJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM amanda.gladics@oregonstate.edu FU Bureau of Land Management; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Mamie Markham Graduate Research Fellowship; Oregon Sea Grant's Robert E. Malouf Marine Science Fellowship; National Science Foundation's Research Experience for Undergraduates program; Oregon State University's Office of Sponsored Programs; William Q. Wick Marine Fisheries award; Lillian B. Reynolds award; Oregon Laurels scholarship; Lottery graduate scholarship; Northwest Scientific Association FX This work would not have been possible without the collaboration of the recreational, charter, and commercial fishermen of Newport. We wish to especially thank Barbara and Jerry Powell, Jerald Shaffer, James Matheson, David de Belloy, the deck hands, filleters, and office staff of Captain's Reel Deep Sea Fishing in Newport, Oregon. We also thank the skippers and crews of Newport Marina Store and Charters, Tradewinds of Newport Charters, Yaquina Bay Charters, and countless recreational fishermen who donated fish stomachs. The scientists and fishermen of the Collaborative Research on Oregon Ocean Salmon (Project CROOS) were invaluable in obtaining Chinook salmon samples. We thank NOAA's Stock Assessment Improvement Program for funding the midwater trawl sampling and Toby Auth and Tristan Britt for collecting and analyzing the samples. We thank William Sydeman and Lorenzo Ciannelli for enlightening discussions and assistance throughout, and the anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved this manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge the Bureau of Land Management Yaquina Head Outstanding Natural Area, US Fish and Wildlife Service Oregon Coast National Wildlife Refuge Complex for their assistance and field support in collecting murre diets. Research was funded in part by the Bureau of Land Management, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, a Mamie Markham Graduate Research Fellowship, Oregon Sea Grant's Robert E. Malouf Marine Science Fellowship, National Science Foundation's Research Experience for Undergraduates program, Oregon State University's Office of Sponsored Programs, William Q. Wick Marine Fisheries award, Lillian B. Reynolds award, Oregon Laurels and Lottery graduate scholarships, and a student research grant from the Northwest Scientific Association. NR 71 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 161 IS 4 BP 837 EP 851 DI 10.1007/s00227-013-2384-4 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AE3TD UT WOS:000333899500009 ER PT J AU Phillips, KF Mansfield, KL Die, DJ Addison, DS AF Phillips, Katrina F. Mansfield, Katherine L. Die, David J. Addison, David S. TI Survival and remigration probabilities for loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) nesting in the eastern Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-TURTLE; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; NAVIGATIONAL ABILITY; SATELLITE TRACKING; MARINE TURTLES; CHELONIA-MYDAS; POPULATION; CONSERVATION; FLORIDA; TRANSITION AB Few long-term mark-recapture tagging datasets exist to estimate population parameters for loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) recovery units. Using a two-state open robust design model, we analyzed a 20-year (1990-2009) mark-recapture dataset from the Keewaydin Island loggerhead nesting assemblage off the southwest coast of Florida (USA) in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. For this analysis, 2,292 turtle encounters were evaluated, representing 841 individual nesting turtles. Survival was estimated at 0.73 (95 % CI 0.69-0.76). This estimate is comparable with survival estimates elsewhere in the Peninsular Florida subpopulation and is among the lowest estimates for the Northwest Atlantic loggerhead population. We documented no changes in remigration rates or clutch frequency over time. These are the first survival and remigration probabilities estimated for a loggerhead nesting assemblage in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. C1 [Phillips, Katrina F.; Die, David J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Mansfield, Katherine L.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Mansfield, Katherine L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Addison, David S.] Conservancy Southwest Florida, Naples, FL 34102 USA. RP Phillips, KF (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM kphillips@rsmas.miami.edu OI Phillips, Katrina/0000-0002-3188-2689 FU Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS); Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ1226] FX We especially thank the Conservancy of Southwest Florida, all the interns who have collected data on Keewaydin Island over the years, M. Kress and T. Tucker of Mote Marine Lab. Funding for this project was provided in part by the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, cooperative agreement #NA17RJ1226 and private donations from members and supporters of the Conservancy of Southwest Florida Sea Turtle Monitoring Project. Thanks also to D. Suman for his guidance and reviews. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 40 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 161 IS 4 BP 863 EP 870 DI 10.1007/s00227-013-2386-2 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AE3TD UT WOS:000333899500011 ER PT J AU Hoffmayer, ER Franks, JS Driggers, WB McKinney, JA Hendon, JM Quattro, JM AF Hoffmayer, Eric R. Franks, James S. Driggers, William B. McKinney, Jennifer A. Hendon, Jill M. Quattro, Joseph M. TI Habitat, movements and environmental preferences of dusky sharks, Carcharhinus obscurus, in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE ARCHIVAL TAGS; TUNA THUNNUS-ALBACARES; ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; SPHYRNA-LEWINI; SEXUAL SEGREGATION; GALEOCERDO-CUVIER; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; PELAGIC SHARKS AB The dusky shark (Carcharhinus obscurus) is the largest member of the genus Carcharhinus and inhabits coastal and pelagic ecosystems circumglobally in temperate, subtropical and tropical marine waters. In the western North Atlantic Ocean (WNA), dusky sharks are overfished and considered vulnerable by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. As a result, retention of dusky sharks in commercial and recreational fisheries off the east coast of the United States (US) and in the northern Gulf of Mexico is prohibited. Despite the concerns regarding the status of dusky sharks in the WNA, little is known about their habitat utilization. During the summers of 2008-2009, pop-up satellite archival tags were attached to ten dusky sharks (one male, nine females) at a location where they have been observed to aggregate in the north central Gulf of Mexico southwest of the Mississippi River Delta to examine their movement patterns and habitat utilization. All tags successfully transmitted data with deployment durations ranging from 6 to 124 days. Tag data revealed shark movements in excess of 200 km from initial tagging locations, with sharks primarily utilizing offshore waters associated with the continental shelf edge from Desoto Canyon to the Texas/Mexican border. While most sharks remained in US waters, one individual moved from the northern Gulf of Mexico into the Bay of Campeche off the coast of Mexico. Sharks spent 87 % of their time between 20 and 125 m and 83 % of their time in waters between 23 and 30 A degrees C. Since dusky sharks are among the most vulnerable shark species to fishing mortality, there is a recovery plan in place for US waters; however, since they have been shown to make long-distance migrations, a multi-national management plan within the WNA may be needed to ensure the successful recovery of this population. C1 [Hoffmayer, Eric R.; Franks, James S.; Hendon, Jill M.] Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ctr Fisheries Res & Dev, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. [McKinney, Jennifer A.] Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Fisheries Management Div, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. [Quattro, Joseph M.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Hoffmayer, ER (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, 3209 Freder St,PO Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. EM eric.hoffmayer@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service, Cooperative Research Program [NA08NMF4540389]; US law under scientific research permits [HMS-EFP-08-07, SHK-EFP-09-03] FX We thank the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Shark Research Program team members, including G. Gray, J. Shelley, S. Curran, B. Dempster, D. Hildebrandt and E. Hildebrandt for their field assistance. We thank Captain K. Beach of the sport fishing vessel "Pale Horse," Captain B. Delabar and deck-hand B. C. Bobby of the sport fishing vessel "Frenzy" (Venice, Louisiana) for their expertise, professionalism and spirit of cooperation. We are also indebted to B. Galuardi and A. Carlson for their assistance with filtering our movement data. Funding for this project was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service, Cooperative Research Program (Grant #NA08NMF4540389) to E. Hoffmayer and J. Franks. This research was conducted in compliance with US law under scientific research permits HMS-EFP-08-07 and SHK-EFP-09-03, issued by the Highly Migratory Species Division of the Office of Sustainable Fisheries, National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA, and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Southern Mississippi (protocol 09031204). The opinions expressed herein, are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the Department of Commerce. NR 83 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 36 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 161 IS 4 BP 911 EP 924 DI 10.1007/s00227-014-2391-0 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AE3TD UT WOS:000333899500015 ER PT J AU Matkin, CO Testa, JW Ellis, GM Saulitis, EL AF Matkin, Craig O. Testa, J. Ward Ellis, Graeme M. Saulitis, Eva L. TI Life history and population dynamics of southern Alaska resident killer whales ( Orcinus orca) SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE killer whales; Orcinus orca; population dynamics; southern Alaska; life history; residents ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; NORTH PACIFIC; PATTERNS; PREDATOR; MAMMALS; PREY AB Resident (fish eating) killer whales (Orcinus orca) in the North Pacific have been the subject of long-term studies in several geographical regions. The current study examines population parameters in the southern Alaska resident population from 1984 to 2010 and develops a population model. The southern Alaska resident population ranges from southeastern Alaska through the Kodiak archipelago and contains over 700 individuals. We follow the life histories of 343 identifiable whales in 10 pods from two clans born before and during the study. Population parameters were comparable to those of the British Columbia northern resident population during the 1970s and 1980s, except that age of maturity was approximately one year earlier. The average annual rate of increase was slightly higher in Alaska (3.5%) than for the British Columbia northern residents (2.9%) and probably represents a population at r-max (maximum rate of growth). Reasons for the high growth rate in Alaska could be a recovery following past anthropogenic mortalities, or more likely, a response to increasing salmon returns in recent decades, resulting in an increase in carrying capacity. The slow maturation and low rate of reproductive response makes these whales slow to recover from natural or anthropogenic catastrophes. C1 [Matkin, Craig O.; Saulitis, Eva L.] North Gulf Ocean Soc, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Testa, J. Ward] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Testa, J. Ward] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Ellis, Graeme M.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V6T 6N7, Canada. RP Matkin, CO (reprint author), North Gulf Ocean Soc, Homer, AK 99603 USA. EM comatkin@gmail.com FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council FX Primary funding was provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council. The Alaska Sea Life Center provided significant additional support from 2001 to 2007. Hubbs SeaWorld Research Institute, Alaska Sea Grant, the Norcross Foundation, the San Diego Foundation, Alaska Fund for the Future, International Wildlife Coalition, and the American Licorice Company all provided essential support. We are very grateful to Peter Olesiuk who was invaluable in the early analytical design. The project would not have been possible without the participation of L. Barrett-Lennard, K. Heise, O. von Ziegesar, and K. Balcomb-Bartok, who led field efforts at various times and numerous other individuals who provided assistance in the field. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 9 U2 96 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 30 IS 2 BP 460 EP 479 DI 10.1111/mms.12049 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AE1TJ UT WOS:000333752800004 ER PT J AU Ware, C Wiley, DN Friedlaender, AS Weinrich, M Hazen, EL Bocconcelli, A Parks, SE Stimpert, AK Thompson, MA Abernathy, K AF Ware, Colin Wiley, David N. Friedlaender, Ari S. Weinrich, Mason Hazen, Elliott L. Bocconcelli, Alessandro Parks, Susan E. Stimpert, Alison K. Thompson, Mike A. Abernathy, Kyler TI Bottom side-roll feeding by humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae) in the southern Gulf of Maine, U. S. A. SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE humpback whale; Megaptera novaeangliae; bottom feeding; bottom side-rolls; coordination; entanglement ID ACOUSTIC RECORDING TAG; AMERICAN SAND LANCE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; FIN WHALES; BALAENOPTERA-PHYSALUS; AMMODYTES-AMERICANUS; LATERALIZED BEHAVIOR; STELLWAGEN BANK; BALEEN WHALES; LUNGE AB Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are known for the variety and complexity of their feeding behaviors. Here we report on the use of synchronous motion and acoustic recording tags (DTAGs) to provide the first detailed kinematic descriptions of humpback whales using bottom side-rolls (BSRs) to feed along the seafloor. We recorded 3,505 events from 19 animals (individual range 8-722). By animal, mean BSR duration ranged from 14.1 s to 36.2 s.; mean body roll angle from 80o to 121o, and mean pitch from 7o to 38o. The median interval between sequential BSRs, by animal, ranged from 24.0 s to 63.6 s and animals tended to maintain a consistent BSR heading during long BSR series encompassing multiple dives. BSRs were most frequent between 2200 and 0400. We identify three classes of behavior: simple side-roll, side-roll inversion, and repetitive scooping. Results indicate that BSR feeding is a common technique in the study area and there is both coordination and noncoordination between animals. We argue that this behavior is not lunge feeding as normally characterized, because animals are moving slowly through the event. The behavior also leads to vulnerability to entanglement in bottom-set fishing gear, a major mortality factor for the species. C1 [Ware, Colin] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Wiley, David N.; Thompson, Mike A.] NOAA, Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, Natl Ocean Serv, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. [Friedlaender, Ari S.; Hazen, Elliott L.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Friedlaender, Ari S.; Hazen, Elliott L.] Duke Univ, Pratt Sch Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Weinrich, Mason] Whale Ctr New England, Gloucester, MA 01931 USA. [Hazen, Elliott L.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Bocconcelli, Alessandro] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Parks, Susan E.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Biol, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Stimpert, Alison K.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Abernathy, Kyler] Natl Geog Televis, Nat Hist Unit, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Ware, C (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM cware@ccom.unh.edu RI Hazen, Elliott/G-4149-2014; Parks, Susan/D-2675-2014 OI Hazen, Elliott/0000-0002-0412-7178; Parks, Susan/0000-0001-6663-627X FU ONR grant [ONR N0014091601]; NOAA Grant [NA05NOS4001153]; Office of Naval Research grant [N00014-08-0630]; National Oceanographic Partnership Program; Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary; Office of National Marine Sanctuaries FX Funding for TrackPlot development was provided by an ONR grant to Colin Ware (ONR N0014091601) and from NOAA Grant #NA05NOS4001153 to the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping. Field work and analysis was supported by Office of Naval Research grant N00014-08-0630 (to SEP, DW), National Oceanographic Partnership Program (to DW), the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary and the Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. We also thank the various members of our field team over the years, including Roland Arsenault, Pat Halpin, Tom Hurst, Just Moller, Cara Pecarcik, Allison Rosner, Kate Sardi, Jamison Smith, Jennifer Tackaberry, Becky Woodward, Jeremy Winn, Theresa Kirchner, and the ship and technical crews of the NOAA R/V Nancy Foster and NOAA R/V Auk. Whale tag data were collected under Permit Nos. 775-185 (Northeast Fisheries Science Centre) and 605-1904 (Whale Centre of New England) issued by the United States National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 30 IS 2 BP 494 EP 511 DI 10.1111/mms.12053 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AE1TJ UT WOS:000333752800006 ER PT J AU McFee, WE Speakman, TR Balthis, L Adams, JD Zolman, ES AF McFee, Wayne E. Speakman, Todd R. Balthis, Len Adams, Jeff D. Zolman, Eric S. TI Reproductive seasonality of a recently designated bottlenose dolphin stock near Charleston, South Carolina, USA SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; photo-id; reproduction; seasonality; strandings ID TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; HARBOR PORPOISES; NORTH-CAROLINA; LIFE-HISTORY; GROWTH; AGE; STRANDINGS; GULF; SP. AB Reproductive seasonality of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) can be affected by numerous ecological and behavioral factors. In 2009, stock boundaries were revised to recognize a Charleston Estuarine System Stock (CESS) of bottlenose dolphins in Charleston, South Carolina. The CESS is a well-studied population with long-term data collected from photo-identification and stranding studies. From 2004 to 2008, a systematic mark-recapture photo-identification study was conducted in the Charleston Estuary to estimate population size of the CESS. Sightings data from this photo-identification study coupled with strandings data (1993-2008) were analyzed to determine the reproductive seasonality of this local population. Both neonate sightings and strandings depicted a primary season of reproduction in the spring into early summer with a small peak in neonate sightings in early autumn, and were significantly different from circular uniform and Von Mises distributions (strandings: P<0.01, V=2.8644; sightings: P<0.01, V=3.2302). This study increases the knowledge of seasonal reproductive patterns of estuarine stocks of bottlenose dolphin stocks in the southeastern United States. The results will also help wildlife managers detect unusual neonate mortality events, and provide information about critical habitat relevant for evaluating and mitigating coastal development projects. C1 [McFee, Wayne E.; Speakman, Todd R.; Balthis, Len; Adams, Jeff D.; Zolman, Eric S.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP McFee, WE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM wayne.mcfee@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 30 IS 2 BP 528 EP 543 DI 10.1111/mms.12055 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AE1TJ UT WOS:000333752800008 ER PT J AU Burns, D Brooks, L Harrison, P Franklin, T Franklin, W Paton, D Clapham, P AF Burns, Daniel Brooks, Lyndon Harrison, Peter Franklin, Trish Franklin, Wally Paton, David Clapham, Phil TI Migratory movements of individual humpback whales photographed off the eastern coast of Australia SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE humpback whale; Megaptera novaeangliae; migration; travel direction; speed; photo-identification; Migaloo; Australia ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; HERVEY BAY; POD CHARACTERISTICS; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; ABUNDANCE; SEX; RECAPTURE; ISLANDS; CAPE AB Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) migrate long distances each year on a return journey from low-latitude breeding grounds to high-latitude feeding grounds. Migration is influenced by subtle and complex social behaviors and the assumption that whales transit directly through the migratory corridor off the east coast of Australia requires further investigation. From 2003 to 2005, we followed the movements of 99 individual whales within one migratory cycle from three locations, off Byron Bay during the whales' northern migration and in Hervey Bay and at Ballina during the southern migration. The median sighting interval of whales between Byron Bay and Hervey Bay (n=26) was 52 d (IQR = 42.5-75.5); between Byron Bay and Ballina (n=21) was 59 d (IQR = 47.0-70.0); and between Hervey Bay and Ballina (n=33) was 9 d (8.0-14.0). The overall pattern observed from these resightings suggests that Group E1 humpback whales spend approximately two months in the northern quarter of their range during the austral winter months. Intraseason resightings of whales at Ballina (n=13, median sighting interval = 7 d) also suggest that some individuals, particularly adult males, may circle back north during their general southward journey along this part of the coast, perhaps in an attempt to increase mating opportunities. C1 [Burns, Daniel; Brooks, Lyndon; Harrison, Peter; Franklin, Trish; Franklin, Wally] So Cross Univ, Marine Ecol Res Ctr, Whale Res Grp, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia. [Burns, Daniel] Blue Planet Marine, Amberley Business Ctr, Perth 6005, Australia. [Burns, Daniel; Brooks, Lyndon; Harrison, Peter; Franklin, Trish; Franklin, Wally; Paton, David; Clapham, Phil] South Pacific Whale Res Consortium, Avarua, Rarotonga, Cook Islands. [Franklin, Trish; Franklin, Wally] Oceania Project, Byron Bay, NSW 2481, Australia. [Paton, David] Blue Planet Marine, Jamison Ctr, ACT 2614, Australia. [Paton, David] So Cross Univ, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia. [Clapham, Phil] US Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Burns, D (reprint author), So Cross Univ, Marine Ecol Res Ctr, Whale Res Grp, POB 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia. EM daniel.burns@scu.edu.au OI Harrison, Peter/0000-0002-4048-2409 FU Southern Cross University Whale Research Centre; IFAW FX We thank Greg Luker from the SCU GIS laboratory for producing the map figures. Field surveys were conducted at Byron Bay and Ballina under scientific research permits issued by the Australian Government Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts under the EPBC Act 1999 (permit number E2001/0005) and the New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service (S10403). Research undertaken in Hervey Bay was conducted under research permits issued by the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service (permit numbers MP2006/020 and WISP03749806). The long-term study of humpbacks in Hervey Bay was supported by The Oceania Project and in part by an Australian Research Council Linkage grant with the Southern Cross University Whale Research Centre and the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW). The Southern Cross University Whale Research Centre provided funding for the Byron Bay and Ballina surveys and IFAW provided partial funding for the Ballina surveys. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 30 IS 2 BP 562 EP 578 DI 10.1111/mms.12057 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AE1TJ UT WOS:000333752800010 ER PT J AU Balmer, BC Wells, RS Howle, LE Barleycorn, AA McLellan, WA Pabst, DA Rowles, TK Schwacke, LH Townsend, FI Westgate, AJ Zolman, ES AF Balmer, Brian C. Wells, Randall S. Howle, Laurens E. Barleycorn, Aaron A. McLellan, William A. Pabst, D. Ann Rowles, Teri K. Schwacke, Lori H. Townsend, Forrest I. Westgate, Andrew J. Zolman, Eric S. TI Advances in cetacean telemetry: A review of single- pin transmitter attachment techniques on small cetaceans and development of a new satellite- linked transmitter design SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bottlenose dolphin; computational fluid dynamics; telemetry; Tursiops truncatus ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; DIVE BEHAVIOR; PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; DIVING BEHAVIOR; DORSAL FIN; MOVEMENTS; FLORIDA; WILD AB Electronic tags have proven to be valuable tools in assessing small cetacean movement and behavior. However, problems associated with tag size and attachment have limited duration and damaged dorsal fins. These outcomes have motivated researchers to develop a new satellite-linked tag design that reduces detrimental effects to tagged animals, while increasing transmission durations. The goals of this study were to review previous studies that deployed single-pin transmitters and determine factors that influence transmission duration. Then, test these factors utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models to identify an optimal single-pin satellite-linked tag design, and evaluate this prototype through field studies. A review of four projects, which deployed 77 single-pin radio tags, determined that tags attached along the lower third of the dorsal fin and approximately 33 mm from the trailing edge resulted in longer transmission durations and reduced negative impacts to the dorsal fin. Based upon these results and CFD modeling, prototype, single-pin satellite-linked tags (n = 25) transmitted for 163 +/- 22 d (mean +/- 95% CI) which greatly exceeded transmissions for previous small cetacean telemetry studies. These results suggest that the newly developed single-pin satellite-linked tag design strikes a balance between reducing impacts to the individual while maximizing transmissions. C1 [Balmer, Brian C.; Wells, Randall S.; Barleycorn, Aaron A.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Howle, Laurens E.] BelleQuant Engn PLLC, Mebane, NC 27302 USA. [Howle, Laurens E.] Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [McLellan, William A.; Pabst, D. Ann; Westgate, Andrew J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Rowles, Teri K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. [Schwacke, Lori H.; Zolman, Eric S.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Townsend, Forrest I.] Bayside Hosp Anim, Walton Beach, FL 32547 USA. RP Balmer, BC (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. EM bbalmer@mote.org FU BP; NOAA; Office of Naval Research; Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund FX This material is based upon work supported by BP and NOAA. Tracking data collected from previous bottlenose dolphin capture-release, health assessments were conducted under National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Research Permit Nos. 522-1569-01 and 522-1527-00 (St. Joseph Bay), and 932-1905/MA-009526 (Georgia and Barataria Bay); and IACUC permit numbers UNCW 2004-012 (St. Joseph Bay) and UNCW 2007-016 (Georgia). Protocols for health assessment and tagging in Barataria Bay were reviewed and approved by a NOAA Animal Use and Care Committee. Research in Barataria Bay was funded as part of the cooperative agreement between NOAA, other federal and state Trustees and BP. Partial funding for research in Barataria Bay came from the Office of Naval Research and in St. Joseph Bay from the Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund. We would like to thank the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries for logistical support during the Barataria Bay health assessment and follow-up monitoring; all of the participants in the four NOAA health assessments used in these analyses; and Wildlife Computers for manufacturing the new single-pin satellite-linked tag design. NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 30 IS 2 BP 656 EP 673 DI 10.1111/mms.12072 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AE1TJ UT WOS:000333752800015 ER PT J AU De Jesus, M Heckel, G Breiwick, JM Reilly, SB AF De Jesus, Melba Heckel, Gisela Breiwick, Jeffrey M. Reilly, Stephen B. TI Migration timing and distance from shore of southbound eastern Pacific gray whales ( Eschrichtius robustus) off Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE distance; Eastern Pacific gray whale; Eschrichtius robustus; migration; Mexico AB Eastern Pacific gray whales were monitored off Ensenada, Mexico, during the southbound migration. The objectives were to determine southbound migration timing and width of the migration corridor during three seasons (2003-2006). Migration timing was determined by fitting a generalized additive model to the shore counts for each season and estimating the 10, 50, and 90 percentiles of the fitted curves. To estimate abundance from shore-based counts, a probability density function for the shore based distances was estimated by a product of a gamma distribution fit to the boat survey distance data for 2006/2007 and a half-normal detection function using combined data of the three seasons. The parameters of the gamma distribution were corrected to account for less boat survey effort carried out 20-40km than 0-20km from shore. The onset of the migration off Ensenada was in late December/early January and ended around 13 February. The median date was 23-26 January for the first and third season and a week early for the second season. Boat surveys indicated a wide (20km) migration corridor but most gray whales traveled within 9.9km from shore. The estimated total number of whales during watch hours was 2,298 (95% CI = 1,536-4,447). C1 [De Jesus, Melba; Heckel, Gisela] CICESE, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [Breiwick, Jeffrey M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Reilly, Stephen B.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Heckel, G (reprint author), CICESE, Carretera Ensenada Tijuana 3918, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. EM gheckel@cicese.mx RI Heckel, Gisela/K-9170-2016; OI Heckel, Gisela/0000-0002-6003-7898; De Jesus, Melba/0000-0002-3732-3984 FU Energia Costa Azul, S. de R. L. de C. V.; CICESE; Mexican Council for Science and Technology (CONACyT, Mexico) FX Funding and logistical support were provided by Energia Costa Azul, S. de R. L. de C. V., and CICESE. M. De Jesus received a scholarship from the Mexican Council for Science and Technology (CONACyT, Mexico). Tim Gerrodette gave valuable advice on some of the analytical and distance sampling procedures. Jeff Laake is thanked for his advice on programming the GAM fits to the shore count data as well as his extensive assistance in jointly modeling the shore and boat distance data to estimate the shore-based detection probabilities. The authors wish to thank the many observers that were involved in collecting data in the field, most of them students at CICESE and the University of Baja California. We also thank the editors and reviewers who reviewed our manuscript. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 30 IS 2 BP 674 EP 690 DI 10.1111/mms.12071 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AE1TJ UT WOS:000333752800016 ER PT J AU Burrows, DG Reichert, WL Hanson, MB AF Burrows, Douglas G. Reichert, William L. Hanson, M. Bradley TI Effects of decomposition and storage conditions on the d 13 C and d 15 N isotope values of killer whale ( Orcinus orca) skin and blubber tissues SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stable isotope; N-15; C-13; skin; blubber; storage conditions; decomposition; preservation ID STABLE-ISOTOPE; PRESERVATION; NITROGEN; CARBON; RATIOS; DELTA-C-13; TEMPERATURES; DELTA-N-15; SIGNATURES; ECOLOGY AB Several different factors in the collection and preservation of whale skin and blubber samples were examined to determine their effect on the results obtained by stable nitrogen and carbon isotope (N-15 and C-13) analysis. Samples of wet killer whale skin retained their original stable isotope values for up to 14 d at 4 degrees C or lower. However, decomposition significantly changed the N-15 value within 3 d at 20 degrees C. Storage at -20 degrees C was as effective as -80 degrees C for the preservation of skin and blubber samples for stable isotope analysis for at least a year. By contrast, once a skin sample had been freeze-dried and lipid extracted, the stable isotope values did not change significantly when it was stored dry at room temperature for at least 12 mo. Preservation of whale skin samples for a month in DMSO-salt solution, frozen or at room temperature, did not significantly change the N-15 and C-13 values of lipid extracted tissues, although the slight changes seen could influence results of a study if only small changes are expected. C1 [Burrows, Douglas G.; Reichert, William L.; Hanson, M. Bradley] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Burrows, DG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM douglas.g.burrows@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 30 IS 2 BP 747 EP 762 DI 10.1111/mms.12076 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AE1TJ UT WOS:000333752800020 ER PT J AU Schlamminger, S Haddad, D Seifert, F Chao, LS Newell, DB Liu, R Steiner, RL Pratt, JR AF Schlamminger, S. Haddad, D. Seifert, F. Chao, L. S. Newell, D. B. Liu, R. Steiner, R. L. Pratt, J. R. TI Determination of the Planck constant using a watt balance with a superconducting magnet system at the National Institute of Standards and Technology SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Planck constant; electronic kilogram; watt balance ID ELECTRONIC KILOGRAM; VOLTAGE STANDARD; NIST; REALIZATION; RESISTANCE; JOSEPHSON; AMPERE; UNITS; MASS; NBS AB For the past two years, measurements have been performed with a watt balance at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to determine the Planck constant. A detailed analysis of these measurements and their uncertainties has led to the value h = 6.626 069 79(30) x 10(-34) J s. The relative standard uncertainty is 45 x 10(-9). This result is 141 x 10(-9) fractionally higher than h(90). Here h(90) is the conventional value of the Planck constant given by h(90) = 4/((KJ-90RK)-R-2-(90)), where KJ-(90) and RK-(90) denote the conventional values of the Josephson and von Klitzing constants, respectively. C1 [Schlamminger, S.; Chao, L. S.; Newell, D. B.; Liu, R.; Steiner, R. L.; Pratt, J. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Haddad, D.; Seifert, F.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Haddad, D.; Seifert, F.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schlamminger, S (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8171, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephan.schlamminger@nist.gov NR 31 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD APR PY 2014 VL 51 IS 2 BP S15 EP S24 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/51/2/S15 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AE3BE UT WOS:000333850000003 ER PT J AU Erven, C Meyer-Scott, E Fisher, K Lavoie, J Higgins, BL Yan, Z Pugh, CJ Bourgoin, JP Prevedel, R Shalm, LK Richards, L Gigov, N Laflamme, R Weihs, G Jennewein, T Resch, KJ AF Erven, C. Meyer-Scott, E. Fisher, K. Lavoie, J. Higgins, B. L. Yan, Z. Pugh, C. J. Bourgoin, J. -P. Prevedel, R. Shalm, L. K. Richards, L. Gigov, N. Laflamme, R. Weihs, G. Jennewein, T. Resch, K. J. TI Experimental three-photon quantum nonlocality under strict locality conditions SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID HIDDEN-VARIABLE THEORIES; ENTANGLED PHOTONS; BELL INEQUALITIES; VIOLATION; STATES AB Quantum correlations, often observed as violations of Bell inequalities(1-5), are critical to our understanding of the quantum world, with far-reaching technological(6-9) and fundamental impact. Many tests of Bell inequalities have studied pairs of correlated particles. However, interest in multi-particle quantum correlations is driving the experimental frontier to test larger systems. All violations to date require supplementary assumptions that open results to loopholes, the closing of which is one of the most important challenges in quantum science. Seminal experiments have closed some loopholes(10-16), but no experiment has closed locality loopholes with three or more particles. Here, we close both the locality and freedom-of-choice loopholes by distributing three-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entangled states(17) to independent observers. We measured a violation of Mermin's inequality(18) with parameter 2.77 +/- 0.08, violating its classical bound by nine standard deviations. These results are a milestone in multi-party quantum communication(19) and a significant advancement of the foundations of quantum mechanics(20). C1 [Erven, C.; Meyer-Scott, E.; Fisher, K.; Lavoie, J.; Higgins, B. L.; Yan, Z.; Pugh, C. J.; Bourgoin, J. -P.; Prevedel, R.; Shalm, L. K.; Richards, L.; Gigov, N.; Laflamme, R.; Weihs, G.; Jennewein, T.; Resch, K. J.] Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Erven, C.; Meyer-Scott, E.; Fisher, K.; Lavoie, J.; Higgins, B. L.; Yan, Z.; Pugh, C. J.; Bourgoin, J. -P.; Prevedel, R.; Shalm, L. K.; Richards, L.; Gigov, N.; Laflamme, R.; Weihs, G.; Jennewein, T.; Resch, K. J.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Erven, C.] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Ctr Quantum Photon, Bristol BS8 1UB, Avon, England. [Erven, C.] Univ Bristol, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Bristol BS8 1UB, Avon, England. [Yan, Z.] Macquarie Univ, Ctr Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices Opt Syst CUDOS, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Yan, Z.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, MQ Photon Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Prevedel, R.] Res Inst Mol Pathol, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. [Prevedel, R.] Max F Perutz Labs GmbH, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. [Shalm, L. K.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Weihs, G.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Erven, C (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, 200 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM chris.erven@bristol.ac.uk; kresch@uwaterloo.ca RI Prevedel, Robert/L-3377-2014; Weihs, Gregor/G-2564-2013 OI Prevedel, Robert/0000-0003-3366-4703; Weihs, Gregor/0000-0003-2260-3008 FU National Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); Canada Research Chairs (CRC); Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI); European Research Council (ERC, Project "EnSeNa"); Industry Canada; Ontario Centres of Excellence (OCE); QuantumWorks; Fonds zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF) [J2960-N20]; Ministry of Research and Innovation Canada (MRI); Vienna International Post-Doctoral (VIPS) Program of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Research; European Commission; City of Vienna; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) FX The authors thank D. Hamel and T. Bergmann for technical discussions, J. Dengis and C. Holloway for assistance in the laboratory, M. Ditty, F. Hamdullahpur, D. Huber, D. Parent, R. Zalagenas, M. Lazaridis and G. Dixon for their support in gaining access to the roof of RAC, P. Fulcher for safety training, A. Conrad, AGFA and C. Stewart for allowing access to private property, B. Zinger, G. Doyle, D. Copeland, R. Reger, B. Mill, T. Galloway and Z. Wang for carpentry and electronics, S. Payne at Leysop Ltd for assistance with Pockels cells, M. Morelli at UBNT.ca for technical advice on wireless networks, Roncare and UW plant operations for snow ploughing, and M. Seibel for towing. The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), Canada Research Chairs (CRC), Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI), European Research Council (ERC, Project "EnSeNa"), Industry Canada, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Ontario Centres of Excellence (OCE) and QuantumWorks. R. P. acknowledges support from the Fonds zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF, J2960-N20), Ministry of Research and Innovation Canada (MRI), the Vienna International Post-Doctoral (VIPS) Program of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Research and the City of Vienna, as well as the European Commission (Marie Curie, FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF). NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 27 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD APR PY 2014 VL 8 IS 4 BP 292 EP 296 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2014.50 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA AE2JV UT WOS:000333800000009 ER PT J AU Andrews, RW Peterson, RW Purdy, TP Cicak, K Simmonds, RW Regal, CA Lehnert, KW AF Andrews, R. W. Peterson, R. W. Purdy, T. P. Cicak, K. Simmonds, R. W. Regal, C. A. Lehnert, K. W. TI Bidirectional and efficient conversion between microwave and optical light SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM GROUND-STATE; RADIATION-PRESSURE; SUPERCONDUCTING CIRCUITS; MECHANICAL OSCILLATOR; MODULATOR; CAVITY; BISTABILITY; RECEIVER; MIRROR; NOISE AB Converting low-frequency electrical signals into much higher-frequency optical signals has enabled modern communication networks to leverage the strengths of both microfabricated electrical circuits and optical fibre transmission, enabling information networks to grow in size and complexity. A microwave-to-optical converter in a quantum information network could provide similar gains by linking quantum processors through low-loss optical fibres and enabling a large-scale quantum network. However, no current technology can convert low-frequency microwave signals into high-frequency optical signals while preserving their fragile quantum state. Here we demonstrate a converter that provides a bidirectional, coherent and efficient link between the microwave and optical portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. We use our converter to transfer classical signals between microwave and optical light with conversion efficiencies of similar to 10%, and achieve performance sufficient to transfer quantum states if the device were further precooled from its current 4 K operating temperature to temperatures below 40 mK. C1 [Andrews, R. W.; Peterson, R. W.; Purdy, T. P.; Regal, C. A.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Andrews, R. W.; Peterson, R. W.; Purdy, T. P.; Regal, C. A.; Lehnert, K. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Andrews, R. W.; Peterson, R. W.; Purdy, T. P.; Regal, C. A.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cicak, K.; Simmonds, R. W.; Lehnert, K. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Andrews, RW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM reed.andrews@colorado.edu RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649 FU DARPA QuASAR programme; National Science Foundation [1125844]; Clare Boothe Luce Foundation FX This work was supported by the DARPA QuASAR programme and the National Science Foundation under grant number 1125844. We would like to thank D. R. Schmidt for sharing his knowledge of fabrication techniques, J. N. Ullom for lending us equipment and P-L. Yu, J. D. Teufel and J. Kerckhoff for discussions. C.A.R. thanks the Clare Boothe Luce Foundation for support. NR 51 TC 160 Z9 161 U1 7 U2 59 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD APR PY 2014 VL 10 IS 4 BP 321 EP 326 DI 10.1038/NPHYS2911 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AE5ZQ UT WOS:000334068200021 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Martin, MJ Benko, C Hall, JL Ye, J Hagemann, C Legero, T Sterr, U Riehle, F Cole, GD Aspelmeyer, M AF Zhang, W. Martin, M. J. Benko, C. Hall, J. L. Ye, J. Hagemann, C. Legero, T. Sterr, U. Riehle, F. Cole, G. D. Aspelmeyer, M. TI Reduction of residual amplitude modulation to 1 x 10(-6) for frequency modulation and laser stabilization SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL CAVITY; DIODE-LASER; SPECTROSCOPY; NOISE; PHASE; BAND AB Active control and cancellation of residual amplitude modulation (RAM) in phase modulation of an optical carrier is one of the key technologies for achieving the ultimate stability of a laser locked to an ultrastable optical cavity. Furthermore, such techniques are versatile tools in various frequency modulation-based spectroscopy applications. In this Letter we report a simple and robust approach to actively stabilize RAM in an optical phase modulation process. We employ a waveguide-based electro-optic modulator (EOM) to provide phase modulation and implement an active servo with both DC electric field and temperature feedback onto the EOM to cancel both the in-phase and quadrature components of the RAM. This technique allows RAM control on the parts-per-million level where RAM-induced frequency instability is comparable to or lower than the fundamental thermal noise limit of the best available optical cavities. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Zhang, W.; Martin, M. J.; Benko, C.; Hall, J. L.; Ye, J.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, W.; Martin, M. J.; Benko, C.; Hall, J. L.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hagemann, C.; Legero, T.; Sterr, U.; Riehle, F.] PTB, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Cole, G. D.; Aspelmeyer, M.] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, Vienna Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol VCQ, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP Zhang, W (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM w.zhang@JILA.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; wei, zhang/G-4708-2012; Benko, Craig/L-2678-2015; Aspelmeyer, Markus/C-4098-2017 OI wei, zhang/0000-0003-2065-2535; Aspelmeyer, Markus/0000-0003-4499-7335 FU NIST; NSF; DARPA QuASAR; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) throug the Center of Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST); Austrian Science Fund (FWF); European Research Council (ERC) FX We acknowledge funding support from NIST, NSF, DARPA QuASAR, the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through the Center of Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST), the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), and the European Research Council (ERC). NR 24 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 33 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1980 EP 1983 DI 10.1364/OL.39.001980 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA AE3PG UT WOS:000333887800070 PM 24686654 ER PT J AU Clark, RA Gourley, JJ Flamig, ZL Hong, Y Clark, E AF Clark, Robert A. Gourley, Jonathan J. Flamig, Zachary L. Hong, Yang Clark, Edward TI CONUS-Wide Evaluation of National Weather Service Flash Flood Guidance Products SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Hydrologic models; Flood events; Operational forecasting; Model evaluation/performance; Radars/Radar observations; Forecast verification/skill ID UNITED-STATES AB This study quantifies the skill of the National Weather Service's (NWS) flash flood guidance (FFG) product. Generated by River Forecast Centers (RFCs) across the United States, local NWS Weather Forecast Offices compare estimated and forecast rainfall to FFG to monitor and assess flash flooding potential. A national flash flood observation database consisting of reports in the NWS publication Storm Data and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) stream gauge measurements are used to determine the skill of FFG over a 4-yr period. FFG skill is calculated at several different precipitation-to-FFG ratios for both observation datasets. Although a ratio of 1.0 nominally indicates a potential flash flooding event, this study finds that FFG can be more skillful when ratios other than 1.0 are considered. When the entire continental United States is considered, the highest observed critical success index (CSI) with 1-h FFG is 0.20 for the USGS dataset, which should be considered a benchmark for future research that seeks to improve, modify, or replace the current FFG system. Regional benchmarks of FFG skill are also determined on an RFC-by-RFC basis. When evaluated against Storm Data reports, the regional skill of FFG ranges from 0.00 to 0.19. When evaluated against USGS stream gauge measurements, the regional skill of FFG ranges from 0.00 to 0.44. C1 [Clark, Robert A.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Clark, Robert A.; Flamig, Zachary L.; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Clark, Robert A.; Gourley, Jonathan J.; Flamig, Zachary L.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Clark, Edward] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Climate Water & Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Gourley, JJ (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jj.gourley@noaa.gov RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Weather Service's Advanced Hydrologic Prediction System funds FX Funding was provided by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, the U.S. Department of Commerce, and the National Weather Service's Advanced Hydrologic Prediction System funds. We appreciate the former NWS National Precipitation Verification Unit for making the QPE and GFFG grids available to us. We are also grateful to the USGS for access to the database of streamflow observations. Comments from three anonymous reviewers improved the content and readability of the manuscript. We appreciate their time. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2014 VL 29 IS 2 BP 377 EP 392 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00124.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE5GZ UT WOS:000334017100012 ER PT J AU Evans, C Van Dyke, DF Lericos, T AF Evans, Clark Van Dyke, Donald F. Lericos, Todd TI How Do Forecasters Utilize Output from a Convection-Permitting Ensemble Forecast System? Case Study of a High-Impact Precipitation Event SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Operational forecasting; Forecasting; Forecasting techniques; Ensembles; Numerical weather prediction/forecasting; Forecast verification/skill ID GLOBAL ENSEMBLE; MODEL; SKILL; MESOSCALE; IMPLEMENTATION; PREDICTION; PHYSICS; NCEP; TIME AB The proliferation of ensemble forecast system output in recent years motivates this investigation into how operational forecasters utilize convection-permitting ensemble forecast system guidance in the forecast preparation process. A 16-member, convection-permitting ensemble forecast of the high-impact heavy precipitation resulting from Tropical Storm Fay (2008) is conducted and evaluated. The ensemble provides a skillful, albeit underdispersive and bimodal, forecast at all precipitation thresholds considered. A forecasting exercise is conducted to evaluate how forecasters utilize the ensemble forecast system guidance. Forecasters made two storm-total accumulated precipitation forecasts: one before and one after evaluating the ensemble guidance. Concurrently, forecasters were presented with questionnaires designed to gauge their thought processes in preparing each of their forecasts. Exercise participants felt that the high-resolution ensemble guidance added value and confidence to their forecasts, although it did not meaningfully reduce forecast uncertainty. Incorporation of the ensemble guidance into the forecast preparation process resulted in a modest mean improvement in forecast skill, with each forecast found to be skillful at all accumulated precipitation thresholds. Forecasters primarily utilized the ensemble guidance to identify a "most likely" forecast outcome from disparate deterministic guidance solutions and to help quantify the uncertainty associated with the forecast. Forecasters preferred ensemble guidance that enabled them to quickly understand the range of solutions provided by the ensemble, particularly over the entirety of the domain. Forecasters were generally aware of the diversity of solutions provided by the ensemble guidance; however, only a select few actively interrogated this information when revising their forecasts and each did so in different ways. C1 [Evans, Clark] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Van Dyke, Donald F.; Lericos, Todd] Natl Weather Serv, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Evans, C (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Atmospher Sci Grp, Dept Math Sci, POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM evans36@uwm.edu FU UCAR under of NOAA as part of the COMET Outreach Program [Z11-91832] FX We are greatly indebted to the nine National Weather Service and Florida Division of Emergency Management forecasters who participated in the forecasting exercise detailed herein. Without their participation, this work would not have been possible. This research benefited from discussions with James Correia, Rich Grumm, Evan Kuchera, and Paul Roebber, as well as reviews by Russ Schumacher and two anonymous reviewers. Numerical simulations carried out in this research were conducted on the avi supercomputing facility at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Archived GFS, NAM, and HPC forecast products were obtained from the NCDC. Archived ECMWF forecast products were obtained from the UCAR Research Data Archive. Historical precipitation data for Tallahassee, Florida, were obtained from the Utah Climate Center. Forecast exercise questionnaires were hosted on the Google Docs platform. The Model Evaluation Toolkit was used to compute the rank histogram of the ensemble forecast system. This research was partially supported by Subaward Z11-91832 with UCAR under the sponsorship of NOAA as part of the COMET Outreach Program. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2014 VL 29 IS 2 BP 466 EP 486 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00064.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE5GZ UT WOS:000334017100017 ER PT J AU Rub, AMW Jepsen, N Liedtke, TL Moser, ML Weber, EPS AF Rub, A. Michelle Wargo Jepsen, Niels Liedtke, Theresa L. Moser, Mary L. Weber, E. P. Scott, III TI Surgical insertion of transmitters and telemetry methods in fisheries research SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; IMPLANTED RADIO TRANSMITTERS; COMMON AQUACULTURE COMPOUNDS; DUMMY ACOUSTIC TRANSMITTERS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; BROWN TROUT C1 [Rub, A. Michelle Wargo; Moser, Mary L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Jepsen, Niels] Danish Tech Univ, Inst Aquat Resources, Sect Fresh Water Fisheries Ecol, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark. [Liedtke, Theresa L.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Weber, E. P. Scott, III] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Rub, AMW (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM michelle.rub@noaa.gov NR 135 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 28 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 EI 1943-5681 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD APR PY 2014 VL 75 IS 4 BP 402 EP 416 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AD8VQ UT WOS:000333544200014 PM 24669927 ER PT J AU Gill, RE Douglas, DC Handel, CM Tibbitts, TL Hufford, G Piersma, T AF Gill, Robert E., Jr. Douglas, David C. Handel, Colleen M. Tibbitts, T. Lee Hufford, Gary Piersma, Theunis TI Hemispheric-scale wind selection facilitates bar-tailed godwit circum-migration of the Pacific SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE bar-tailed godwit; cognition; endurance migration; flight performance; Limosa lapponica; optimal altitude; satellite telemetry; wind selectivity ID LONG-DISTANCE MIGRATION; EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY; BIRD MIGRATION; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH PACIFIC; STOPOVER DECISIONS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; FLIGHT ALTITUDES; LIMOSA-LAPPONICA AB The annual 29 000 km long migration of the bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica baueri, around the Pacific Ocean traverses what is arguably the most complex and seasonally structured atmospheric setting on Earth. Faced with marked variation in wind regimes and storm conditions across oceanic migration corridors, individuals must make critical decisions about when and where to fly during nonstop flights of a week's duration or longer. At a minimum, their decisions will affect wind profitability and thus reduce energetic costs of migration; in the extreme, poor decisions or unpredictable weather events will risk survival. We used satellite telemetry to track the annual migration of 24 bar-tailed godwits and analysed their flight performance relative to wind conditions during three major migration legs between nonbreeding grounds in New Zealand and breeding grounds in Alaska. Because flight altitudes of birds en route were unknown, we modelled flight efficiency at six geopotential heights across each migratory segment. Birds selected departure dates when atmospheric conditions conferred the greatest wind assistance both at departure and throughout their flights. This behaviour suggests that there exists a cognitive mechanism, heretofore unknown among migratory birds, that allows godwits to assess changes in weather conditions that are linked (i.e. teleconnected) across widely separated atmospheric regions. Godwits also showed adaptive flexibility in their response not only to cues related to seasonal changes in macrometeorology, such as spatial shifting of storm tracks and temporal periods of cyclogenesis, but also to cues associated with stochastic events, especially at departure sites. Godwits showed limits to their response behaviours, however, especially relative to rapidly developing stochastic events while en route. We found that flight efficiency depended significantly upon altitude and hypothesize that godwits exhibit further adaptive flexibility by varying flight altitude en route to optimize flight efficiency. The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gill, Robert E., Jr.; Handel, Colleen M.; Tibbitts, T. Lee] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK USA. [Hufford, Gary] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Weather Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Piersma, Theunis] Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, Chair Global Flyway Ecol, Anim Ecol Grp, Groningen, Netherlands. [Piersma, Theunis] NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Marine Ecol, Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands. RP Gill, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4120 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM rgill@usgs.gov OI Handel, Colleen/0000-0002-0267-7408 FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX The David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided funding. S. Senner, N. Warnock and P. Battley were instrumental in the overall development and conduct of the study. We thank Microwave Telemetry, Inc., for their support and technical expertise with satellite telemetry and S. Hermens for his Alaska-honed piloting skills. For help in the field and in capturing birds we thank P. Battley, J. Conklin, W. Cook, M. Dementyev, M. Green, T. Habraken, I. Hutzler, S. Lovibond, B. McCaffery, D. Melville, J. Melville, A. Riegen, D. Ruthrauff, R. Schuckard, T. Swem, P. Tomkovich, G. Vaughan, Nils Warnock, Noah Warnock and K. Woodley. The Miranda Shorebird Centre (K. Woodley), R. Schuckard and D. Melville hosted the New Zealand portion of the study. In Alaska, the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge (B. McCaffery) helped with accommodations and logistics in western Alaska; the Alaska Department of Fish and Game helped with work on the North Slope. A. Riegen provided information on godwit longevity and C. Mills shared insights on projected climate change. We also acknowledge use of ERA-Interim data produced by ECMWF and obtained from their data server (http://data-portal.ecmwf.int/data/d/interim_daily/). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by any institutional affiliation of the authors. Drafts of this contribution benefitted from comments by D. Ruthrauff, J. Pearce and two anonymous referees. NR 110 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 79 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 EI 1095-8282 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD APR PY 2014 VL 90 BP 117 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.01.020 PG 14 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA AE1WD UT WOS:000333761400017 ER PT J AU Turner, JW Malayil, L Guadagnoli, D Cole, D Lipp, EK AF Turner, Jeffrey W. Malayil, Leena Guadagnoli, Dominic Cole, D. Lipp, Erin K. TI Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio cholerae with respect to seasonal fluctuations in temperature and plankton abundance SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REAL-TIME PCR; UNITED-STATES; MULTIPLEX PCR; COASTAL ZONE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; RETAIL MEATS AB Over a 1-year period, bi-monthly estuarine surface water and plankton samples (63-200 and > 200 mu m fractions) were assayed by polymerase chain reaction for the prevalence of total Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. cholerae and select genes associated with clinical strains found in each species. Neither temperature nor plankton abundance was a significant correlate of total V. parahaemolyticus; however, the prevalence of genes commonly associated with clinical strains (trh, tdh, ORF8) increased with temperature and copepod abundance (P < 0.05). The prevalence of total V. vulnificus and the siderophore-related viuB gene also increased with temperature and copepod and decapod abundance (P < 0.001). Temperature and copepod abundance also covaried with the prevalence of V. cholerae (P < 0.05), but there was no significant relationship with ctxA or other genes commonly found in clinical strains. Results show that genes commonly associated with clinical Vibrio strains were more frequently detected in association with chitinous plankton. We conclude that V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. cholerae and subpopulations that harbour genes common to clinical strains respond distinctly to seasonal changes in temperature as well as shifts in the taxonomic composition of discrete plankton fractions. C1 [Turner, Jeffrey W.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Turner, Jeffrey W.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Malayil, Leena; Cole, D.; Lipp, Erin K.] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Guadagnoli, Dominic] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Brunswick, GA 31520 USA. RP Lipp, EK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM elipp@uga.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Oceans and Human Health Initiative [NA04OAR4600203, S0867882] FX This work was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Oceans and Human Health Initiative grant numbers NA04OAR4600203 and S0867882 (Georgia Oceans and Health Initiative Graduate Training Consortium). This study would not have been possible without the assistance and expertise of our colleagues at the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (Coastal Research Division), especially Dominic Guadagnoli, Brooks Good and William Hughes. NR 64 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1462-2912 EI 1462-2920 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 16 IS 4 SI SI BP 1019 EP 1028 DI 10.1111/1462-2920.12246 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA AE1FH UT WOS:000333713300010 PM 24024909 ER PT J AU Fang, XK Miller, BR Su, SS Wu, J Zhang, JB Hu, JX AF Fang, Xuekun Miller, Benjamin R. Su, ShenShen Wu, Jing Zhang, Jianbo Hu, Jianxin TI Historical Emissions of HFC-23 (CHF3) in China and Projections upon Policy Options by 2050 SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EAST-ASIA; HFCS AB Trifluoromethane (CHF3, HFC-23) is one of the hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) regulated under the Kyoto Protocol with a global warming potential (GVVP) of 14 800 (100-year). China's past, present, and future HFC-23 emissions are of considerable interest to researchers and policymakers involved in climate change. In this study, we compiled a comprehensive historical inventory (1980-2012) and a projection (2013-2050) of HFC-23 production, abatements, and emissions in China. Results show that HFC-23 production in China increased from 0.08 +/- 0.05 Gg/yr in 1980 to 15.4 +/- 2.1 Gg/yr (228 +/- 31 Tg/yr CO2-eq) in 2012, while actual HFC-23 emissions reached a peak of 10.5 +/- 1.8 Gg/yr (155 +/- 27 Tg/y CO2-eq) in 2006, and decreased to a minimum of 7.3 +/- 1.3 Gg/yr (108 +/- 19 Tg/yr CO2-eq) in 2008 and 2009. Under the examined business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, the cumulative emissions of HFC-23 in China over the period 2013-2050 are projected to be 609 Gg (9015 Tg CO2-eq which approximates China's 2012 CO2 emissions). Currently, China's annual HFC-23 emissions are much higher than those from the developed countries, while it is estimated that by year 2027, China's historic contribution to the global atmospheric burden of HFC-23 will have surpassed that of the developed nations under the BAU scenario. C1 [Fang, Xuekun; Su, ShenShen; Wu, Jing; Zhang, Jianbo; Hu, Jianxin] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Miller, Benjamin R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Miller, Benjamin R.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hu, JX (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM jianxin@pku.edu.cn RI Hu, Jianxin/N-3498-2013; OI Miller, Benjamin/0000-0003-1647-0122 NR 28 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 7 BP 4056 EP 4062 DI 10.1021/es404995f PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AE2AQ UT WOS:000333776100055 PM 24605818 ER PT J AU Schwacke, LH Smith, CR Townsend, FI Wells, RS Hart, LB Balmer, BC Collier, TK De Guise, S Fry, MM Guillette, LJ Lamb, SV Lane, SM Mcfee, WE Place, NJ Tumlin, MC Ylitalo, GM Zolman, ES Rowles, TK AF Schwacke, Lori H. Smith, Cynthia R. Townsend, Forrest I. Wells, Randall S. Hart, Leslie B. Balmer, Brian C. Collier, Tracy K. De Guise, Sylvain Fry, Michael M. Guillette, Louis J., Jr. Lamb, Stephen V. Lane, Suzanne M. McFee, Wayne E. Place, Ned J. Tumlin, Mandy C. Ylitalo, Gina M. Zolman, Eric S. Rowles, Teresa K. TI Response to Comment on Health of Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Barataria Bay, Louisiana Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Schwacke, Lori H.; Hart, Leslie B.; Lane, Suzanne M.; McFee, Wayne E.; Zolman, Eric S.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Smith, Cynthia R.] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Townsend, Forrest I.] Bayside Hosp Anim, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32547 USA. [Wells, Randall S.; Balmer, Brian C.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Collier, Tracy K.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Joint Off Sci Support, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [De Guise, Sylvain] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Fry, Michael M.] Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed & Diagnost Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Med Univ S Carolina, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Lamb, Stephen V.; Place, Ned J.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Anim Hlth Diagnost Ctr, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Tumlin, Mandy C.] Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA 70898 USA. [Ylitalo, Gina M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Rowles, Teresa K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Schwacke, LH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Lori.Schwacke@noaa.gov OI Fry, Michael/0000-0002-1744-8739 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 7 BP 4209 EP 4211 DI 10.1021/es5009278 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AE2AQ UT WOS:000333776100075 PM 24625036 ER PT J AU Sabharwal, NC Savikhin, V Turek-Herman, JR Nicoludis, JM Szalai, VA Yatsunyk, LA AF Sabharwal, Navin C. Savikhin, Victoria Turek-Herman, Joshua R. Nicoludis, John M. Szalai, Veronika A. Yatsunyk, Liliya A. TI N-methylmesoporphyrin IX fluorescence as a reporter of strand orientation in guanine quadruplexes SO FEBS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE fluorescent probe; guanine quadruplex; human telomeric DNA; N-methylmesoporphyrin IX; selectivity ID METHYL MESOPORPHYRIN IX; HUMAN TELOMERIC DNA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PROMOTER REGION; BINDING; LIGANDS; RNA; STABILITY; SEQUENCES; SWITCH AB Guanine quadruplexes (GQ) are four-stranded DNA structures formed by guanine-rich DNA sequences. The formation of GQs inhibits cancer cell growth, although the detection of GQs invivo has proven difficult, in part because of their structural diversity. The development of GQ-selective fluorescent reporters would enhance our ability to quantify the number and location of GQs, ultimately advancing biological studies of quadruplex relevance and function. N-methylmesoporphyrin IX (NMM) interacts selectively with parallel-stranded GQs; in addition, its fluorescence is sensitive to the presence of DNA, making this ligand a possible candidate for a quadruplex probe. In the present study, we investigated the effect of DNA secondary structure on NMM fluorescence. We found that NMM fluorescence increases by about 60-fold in the presence of parallel-stranded GQs and by about 40-fold in the presence of hybrid GQs. Antiparallel GQs lead to lower than 10-fold increases in NMM fluorescence. Single-stranded DNA, duplex, or i-motif, induce no change in NMM fluorescence. We conclude that NMM shows promise as a turn-on' fluorescent probe for detecting quadruplex structures, as well as for differentiating them on the basis of strand orientation. C1 [Sabharwal, Navin C.; Turek-Herman, Joshua R.; Nicoludis, John M.; Yatsunyk, Liliya A.] Swarthmore Coll, Dept Chem & Biochem, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. [Savikhin, Victoria; Szalai, Veronika A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yatsunyk, LA (reprint author), Swarthmore Coll, Dept Chem & Biochem, 500 Coll Ave, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. EM Veronika.Szalai@NIST.gov; lyatsun1@swarthmore.edu FU Swarthmore College Start-up grant; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Benjamin Franklin Travel Grants; National Institute of Standards and Technology Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship FX This work was supported by the Swarthmore College Start-up grant; Howard Hughes Medical Institute (to NCS); Benjamin Franklin Travel Grants (to NCS); and National Institute of Standards and Technology Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (to VS). We thank Professors Lisa Kelly (University of Maryland, Baltimore County) and Richard B. Thompson (University of Maryland, Baltimore) for discussions regarding the fluorescence lifetime measurements. We thank Jean-Louis Mergny (the University of Bordeaux, IECB) for hosting LAY and NCS during the final stages of this project. Steve Wang, Michelle Ferreira and Vince Formica from Swarthmore are acknowledged for their help with the statistical analysis of fluorescence enhancement data. NR 47 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1742-464X EI 1742-4658 J9 FEBS J JI FEBS J. PD APR PY 2014 VL 281 IS 7 BP 1726 EP 1737 DI 10.1111/febs.12734 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AE0SH UT WOS:000333676000002 PM 24494857 ER PT J AU Gagin, A Allen, AJ Levin, I AF Gagin, Anton Allen, Andrew J. Levin, Igor TI Combined fitting of small- and wide-angle X-ray total scattering data from nanoparticles: benefits and issues SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PAIR-DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTION; RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; NANOCRYSTALLINE CDS; ZNS NANOPARTICLES; DIFFRACTION DATA; PARTICLES; DISORDER; SIZE AB Simultaneous fitting of small- (SAS) and wide-angle (WAS) X-ray total scattering data for nanoparticles has been explored using both simulated and experimental signals. The nanoparticle types included core/shell metal and quantum-dot CdSe systems. Various combinations of reciprocal- and real-space representations of the scattering data have been considered. Incorporating SAS data into the fit consistently returned more accurate particle-size distribution parameters than those obtained by fitting the WAS data alone. A popular method for fitting the Fourier transform of the WAS data (i.e. a pair-distribution function), in which the omitted SAS part is represented using a parametric function, typically yielded significantly incorrect results. The Pareto optimization method combined with a genetic algorithm proved to be effective for simultaneous SAS/WAS analyses. An approach for identifying the most optimal solution from the Pareto set of solutions has been proposed. C1 [Gagin, Anton; Allen, Andrew J.; Levin, Igor] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Levin, I (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM igor.levin@nist.gov FU US DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation/Department of Energy [NSF/CHE-0822838] FX This study has been initiated in collaboration with K. Mullen (UCLA). Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the US DOE under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. ChemMatCARS APS sector 15 is principally supported by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy under grant No. NSF/CHE-0822838. The authors are grateful to K. Chapman (APS) and P. Chupas (APS) for their technical assistance with the X-ray total scattering measurements, and to J. Ilavsky (APS) and Y.-S. Chen (ChemMatCARS) for their assistance with the SAS measurements. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 EI 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2014 VL 47 BP 619 EP 629 DI 10.1107/S1600576714001046 PN 2 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA AE1UV UT WOS:000333757100018 ER PT J AU Majkrzak, CF Krycka, K Krueger, S Berk, NF Kienzle, P Maranville, B AF Majkrzak, C. F. Krycka, K. Krueger, S. Berk, N. F. Kienzle, P. Maranville, B. TI Phase-sensitive small-angle neutron scattering SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID REFLECTOMETRY; REFLECTION AB A method is described for determining the neutron scattering length density distribution of a molecular-scale object directly from phase-sensitive small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The structure factor amplitude is obtained through the use of a reference structure for a collection of randomly oriented, identical objects in the dilute solution limit (negligible interparticle correlations). This work extends some of the techniques developed in recent years for phase-sensitive specular neutron reflectometry to SANS, although the approach presented here is applicable only within the range of validity of the Born approximation. The scattering object is treated as a composite consisting of an 'unknown' part of interest plus a reference component, the real-space structure of the latter being completely known. If, for example, the reference part of the object is composed of a ferromagnetic material (the magnetization of which is saturated), then polarized neutron beams can be employed to extract the information required for an unambiguous inversion of the scattering data without chemical substitution. The angular averaging over all possible relative orientations of the composite object does not result in a cancellation of the phase information since the reference and unknown parts of each object have a fixed spatial relationship. The new approach proposed here is not simply another type of isomorphic substitution, but also involves a reformulation of the underlying mathematical analysis of this particular scattering problem. C1 [Majkrzak, C. F.; Krycka, K.; Krueger, S.; Berk, N. F.; Kienzle, P.; Maranville, B.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Berk, N. F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Majkrzak, CF (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM charles.majkrzak@nist.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 EI 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2014 VL 47 BP 780 EP 787 DI 10.1107/S1600576714004956 PN 2 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA AE1UV UT WOS:000333757100037 ER PT J AU Vukicevic, T Uhlhorn, E Reasor, P Klotz, B AF Vukicevic, Tomislava Uhlhorn, Eric Reasor, Paul Klotz, Bradley TI A Novel Multiscale Intensity Metric for Evaluation of Tropical Cyclone Intensity Forecasts SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Mesoscale forecasting; Numerical weather prediction/forecasting ID HURRICANE; RESOLUTION; WAVES AB In this study, a new multiscale intensity (MSI) metric for evaluating tropical cyclone (TC) intensity forecasts is presented. The metric consists of the resolvable and observable, low-wavenumber intensity represented by the sum of amplitudes of azimuthal wavenumbers 0 and 1 for wind speed within the TC vortex at the radius of maximum wind and a stochastic residual, all determined at 10-m elevation. The residual wind speed is defined as the difference between an estimate of maximum speed and the low-wavenumber intensity. The MSI metric is compared to the standard metric that includes only the maximum speed. Using stepped-frequency microwave radiometer wind speed observations from TC aircraft reconnaissance to estimate the low-wavenumber intensity and the National Hurricane Center's best-track (BT) intensity for the maximum wind speed estimate, it is shown that the residual intensity is well represented as a stochastic quantity with small mean, standard deviation, and absolute norm values that are within the expected uncertainty of the BT estimates. The result strongly suggests that the practical predictability of TC intensity is determined by the observable and resolvable low-wavenumber intensity within the vortex. Verification of a set of high-resolution numerical forecasts using the MSI metric demonstrates that this metric provides more informative and more realistic estimates of the intensity forecast errors. It is also shown that the maximum speed metric allows for error compensation between the low-wavenumber and residual intensities, which could lead to forecast skill overestimation and inaccurate assessment of the impact of forecast system change on the skill. C1 [Vukicevic, Tomislava; Uhlhorn, Eric; Reasor, Paul] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33156 USA. [Klotz, Bradley] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Vukicevic, T (reprint author), NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33156 USA. EM tomislava.vukicevic@noaa.gov RI Reasor, Paul/B-2932-2014; Klotz, Bradley/J-9506-2013 OI Reasor, Paul/0000-0001-6407-017X; Klotz, Bradley/0000-0002-6061-6531 NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 71 IS 4 BP 1292 EP 1304 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0153.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD7KG UT WOS:000333442100004 ER PT J AU Dinh, T Fueglistaler, S AF Dinh, Tra Fueglistaler, Stephan TI Cirrus, Transport, and Mixing in the Tropical Upper Troposphere SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Cirrus clouds; Trajectories; Numerical analysis/modeling; Transport; Cloud radiative effects; Lagrangian circulation/transport ID UPPER BOUNDARY-CONDITION; TRANSITION LAYER CIRRUS; TROPOPAUSE LAYER; CLOUDS; MODELS; LIDAR; AIR; AGE AB The impact of cloud radiative heating on transport time scales from the tropical upper troposphere to the stratosphere is studied in two-dimensional numerical simulations. Clouds are idealized as sources of radiative heating and are stochastically distributed in space and time. A spatial probability function constrains clouds to occur in only part of the domain to depict heterogeneously distributed clouds in the atmosphere. The transport time from the lower to upper boundaries (age of air) is evaluated with trajectories. The spectra of age of air obtained in the simulations are bimodal, with the first mode composed of trajectories that remain in the cloudy part of the domain during their passages from the lower to upper boundaries, and the second mode composed of the remaining trajectories that visit the cloud-free regions. For the first group of trajectories only, the mean age scales inversely with the time-mean radiative heating in cloudy air, and the one-dimensional advection-diffusion equation provides an adequate model for transport. However, the exchange between the cloudy and cloud-free regions renders the mean age over all trajectories (including those that visit the cloud-free region) much longer than the time expected if all air parcels remain in cloudy air. In addition, the overall mean age is not inversely proportional to the time-mean heating rate in cloudy air. Sensitivity calculations further show that the sizes, durations, and amplitudes of the individual clouds are also important to the transport time. The results show that the frequently used decomposition of radiative heating into clear-sky and cloud radiative heating may give incorrect interpretations regarding the time scale of transport into the stratosphere. C1 [Dinh, Tra; Fueglistaler, Stephan] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Dinh, T (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Sayre Hall,300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM tdinh@princeton.edu RI Fueglistaler, Stephan/I-5803-2013; Dinh, Tra/L-5227-2013 OI Dinh, Tra/0000-0002-0144-2762 FU NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program FX We are grateful to Marat Khairoutdinov for sharing the System of Atmospheric Modeling model and Tak Yamaguchi for sharing the Lagrangian parcel-tracking model. We also would like to thank two anonymous reviewers, whose comments helped improve the manuscript. This research was supported by the NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 71 IS 4 BP 1339 EP 1352 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0147.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD7KG UT WOS:000333442100007 ER PT J AU Tsai, DH Cho, TJ DelRio, FW Gorham, JM Zheng, JW Tan, JJ Zachariah, MR Hackley, VA AF Tsai, De-Hao Cho, Tae Joon DelRio, Frank W. Gorham, Justin M. Zheng, Jiwen Tan, Jiaojie Zachariah, Michael R. Hackley, Vincent A. TI Controlled Formation and Characterization of Dithiothreitol-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticle Clusters SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-DESORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DIMERS; NANOCLUSTERS; AU(111); FRACTIONATION; AGGREGATION; ADSORPTION; LIGANDS AB We report a systematic study of the controlled formation of discrete-sized gold nanoparticle clusters (GNCs) by interaction with the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT). Asymmetric-flow field flow fractionation and electrospray differential mobility analysis were employed complementarily to determine the particle size distributions of DTT-conjugated GNCs (DTT GNCs). Transmission electron microscopy was used to provide visualization of DTT GNCs at different states of aggregation. Surface packing density of DTT and the corresponding molecular conformation on the Au surface were characterized by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results show that DTT increases the aggregation rate of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) up to approximate to 100 times. A mixed conformation (i.e., combining vertically aligned, horizontally aligned, and cross-linking modes) exists for DTT on the Au surface for all conditions examined. The primary size of AuNPs, concentration of DTT, and the starting concentration of AuNPs influence the degree of aggregation for DTT GNCs, indicating that the collision frequency, energy barrier, and surface density of DTT are the key factors that control the aggregation rate. DTT GNCs exhibit improved structural stability compared to the citrate-stabilized GNCs (i.e., unconjugated) following reaction with thiolated polyethylene glycol (SH-PEG), indicating that cross-linking and surface protection by DTT suppresses disaggregation normally induced by the steric repulsion of SH-PEG. This work describes a prototype methodology to form ligand-conjugated GNCs with high-quality and well-controlled material properties. C1 [Tsai, De-Hao; Cho, Tae Joon; DelRio, Frank W.; Gorham, Justin M.; Tan, Jiaojie; Hackley, Vincent A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zachariah, Michael R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zheng, Jiwen] US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Tan, Jiaojie; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Tan, Jiaojie; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Hackley, VA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vince.hackley@nist.gov OI Gorham, Justin/0000-0002-0569-297X NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 9 U2 95 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 30 IS 12 BP 3397 EP 3405 DI 10.1021/la500044y PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AE2AT UT WOS:000333776400014 PM 24592809 ER PT J AU Nweeia, MT Eichmiller, FC Hauschka, PV Donahue, GA Orr, JR Ferguson, SH Watt, CA Mead, JG Potter, CW Dietz, R Giuseppetti, AA Black, SR Trachtenberg, AJ Kuo, WP AF Nweeia, Martin T. Eichmiller, Frederick C. Hauschka, Peter V. Donahue, Gretchen A. Orr, Jack R. Ferguson, Steven H. Watt, Cortney A. Mead, James G. Potter, Charles W. Dietz, Rune Giuseppetti, Anthony A. Black, Sandie R. Trachtenberg, Alexander J. Kuo, Winston P. TI Sensory Ability in the Narwhal Tooth Organ System SO ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE narwhal; tusk; Monodon monoceros; tusk functional significance; Brannstrom hydrodynamic theory; tooth gene expression; pulp tissue; tusk histology ID GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE; HUMAN DENTAL-PULP; MONODON-MONOCEROS-L; ACID SIGNATURE ANALYSIS; AGGRESSIVE TUSK USE; NERVE-FIBERS; SUBSTANCE-P; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THERMAL-STIMULATION; HOUSEKEEPING GENES AB The erupted tusk of the narwhal exhibits sensory ability. The hypothesized sensory pathway begins with ocean water entering through cementum channels to a network of patent dentinal tubules extending from the dentinocementum junction to the inner pulpal wall. Circumpulpal sensory structures then signal pulpal nerves terminating near the base of the tusk. The maxillary division of the fifth cranial nerve then transmits this sensory information to the brain. This sensory pathway was first described in published results of patent dentinal tubules, and evidence from dissection of tusk nerve connection via the maxillary division of the fifth cranial nerve to the brain. New evidence presented here indicates that the patent dentinal tubules communicate with open channels through a porous cementum from the ocean environment. The ability of pulpal tissue to react to external stimuli is supported by immunohistochemical detection of neuronal markers in the pulp and gene expression of pulpal sensory nerve tissue. Final confirmation of sensory ability is demonstrated by significant changes in heart rate when alternating solutions of high-salt and fresh water are exposed to the external tusk surface. Additional supporting information for function includes new observations of dentinal tubule networks evident in unerupted tusks, female erupted tusks, and vestigial teeth. New findings of sexual foraging divergence documented by stable isotope and fatty acid results add to the discussion of the functional significance of the narwhal tusk. The combined evidence suggests multiple tusk functions may have driven the tooth organ system's evolutionary development and persistence. Anat Rec, 297:599-617, 2014. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Nweeia, Martin T.] Harvard Univ, Sch Dent Med, Dept Restorat Dent & Biomat Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Nweeia, Martin T.; Mead, James G.; Potter, Charles W.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Nweeia, Martin T.] Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Dept Organism & Evolutionary, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Eichmiller, Frederick C.] Delta Dent Wisconsin, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Hauschka, Peter V.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Orthopaed Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hauschka, Peter V.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hauschka, Peter V.; Kuo, Winston P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Dent Med, Dept Dev Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Donahue, Gretchen A.] Univ Minnesota, Carlson Sch Management, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Orr, Jack R.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Arctic Res Div, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Ferguson, Steven H.; Watt, Cortney A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Dietz, Rune] Aarhus Univ, Inst Biosci, Arctic Res Ctr, Roskilde, Denmark. [Giuseppetti, Anthony A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, ADAF Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Black, Sandie R.] Calgary Zoo, Calgary, AB T2E 7V6, Canada. [Trachtenberg, Alexander J.; Kuo, Winston P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Dent Med, Catalyst Lab Innovat Translat Technol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Nweeia, MT (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Dent Med, Dept Restorat Dent & Biomat Sci, 188 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM Martin_nweeia@hsdm.harvard.edu RI Dietz, Rune/F-9154-2015 NR 153 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 15 U2 95 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1932-8486 EI 1932-8494 J9 ANAT REC JI Anat. Rec. PD APR PY 2014 VL 297 IS 4 BP 599 EP 617 DI 10.1002/ar.22886 PG 19 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA AC9XF UT WOS:000332887400001 PM 24639076 ER PT J AU Sagarese, SR Frisk, MG Miller, TJ Sosebee, KA Musick, JA Rago, PJ AF Sagarese, Skyler R. Frisk, Michael G. Miller, Thomas J. Sosebee, Kathy A. Musick, John A. Rago, Paul J. TI Influence of environmental, spatial, and ontogenetic variables on habitat selection and management of spiny dogfish in the Northeast (US) shelf large marine ecosystem SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; PLAICE HIPPOGLOSSOIDES-PLATESSOIDES; SQUALUS-ACANTHIAS; SOUTHERN GULF; ST-LAWRENCE; GEORGES-BANK; HYDROGRAPHIC VARIABLES; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; ASSOCIATIONS; FISHERIES AB Declines in abundance of commercially valuable groundfish have highlighted the ecological and commercial importance of previously underutilized elasmobranchs in the Northeast (US) shelf large marine ecosystem (NES LME). Seasonal distributions and ontogenetic habitats of one such species, spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias), were investigated using Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC) bottom trawl survey data (1963-2009). Neonate, immature, and mature dogfish all selected warmer, more saline, and more southerly locations during spring compared with available locations. During autumn, larger dogfish occupied relatively warmer, shallower, and less saline waters while neonates selected higher salinities. There were strong ontogenetic patterns in habitats occupied. Contrary to expectation, geographic range contracted as abundance increased during autumn. This suggests that niche constraints override density-dependent effects, although detection of relationships within stages was limited by low statistical power. The proportion of mature female survey catch within the Mid-Atlantic Bight was significantly related to temperature, suggesting that environmental conditions surveyed may impact population trends. Collectively, these results highlight critical habitats, suggest mechanisms behind ontogenetic habitat selection, and provide insight into how changing environmental conditions may impact stock assessment. C1 [Sagarese, Skyler R.; Frisk, Michael G.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Miller, Thomas J.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Sosebee, Kathy A.; Rago, Paul J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Musick, John A.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Sagarese, SR (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM s.sagarese@rsmas.miami.edu RI Miller, Thomas/C-2129-2008 OI Miller, Thomas/0000-0001-8427-1614 FU National Marine Fisheries Service Sea Grant Fellowship in Population Dynamics FX The authors thank all those who have worked or volunteered aboard the NOAA R/Vs Albatross IV and Henry B. Bigelow, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, for assistance with data collection. This project was funded by the National Marine Fisheries Service Sea Grant Fellowship in Population Dynamics. NR 77 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 25 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 71 IS 4 BP 567 EP 580 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0259 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AD7AD UT WOS:000333412000008 ER PT J AU Stewart, IJ Hamel, OS AF Stewart, Ian J. Hamel, Owen S. TI Bootstrapping of sample sizes for length- or age-composition data used in stock assessments SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ASSESSMENT MODELS; COMMERCIAL CATCH; FREQUENCY DATA; FISH; POPULATION; DESIGN; PRECISION; MULTIFAN AB Integrated stock assessment models derive estimates of management quantities by fitting to indices of abundance and length and age compositions. For composition data, where a multinomial likelihood is often applied, weights are determined by input sample sizes, which can be an important contributor to model results. We used a generic bootstrap method, verified through simulation, to calculate year-specific maximum realized sample sizes from the observation error inherent in fishery biological data. Applying this method to length-composition observations for 47 groundfish species collected during a standardized trawl survey, we found maximum realized sample size to be related to both the number of hauls and individual fish sampled from those hauls. Sampling in excess of 20 fish from each haul produced little increase in most cases, with maximum realized sample size ranging from approximately 2 to 4 per haul sampled. Utilizing these maximum realized sample sizes as input values for stock assessment (analogous to minimum variance estimates) appropriately incorporates interannual variability, and may reduce over-emphasis on composition data. Results from this method can also help determine sampling targets. C1 [Stewart, Ian J.; Hamel, Owen S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Stewart, IJ (reprint author), Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, 2320 West Commodore Way,Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98199 USA. EM Ian@iphc.int OI Hamel, Owen/0000-0002-6024-7211 NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 71 IS 4 BP 581 EP 588 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0289 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AD7AD UT WOS:000333412000009 ER PT J AU He, WY Zou, CZ Chen, HB AF He, Wenying Zou, Chengzhi Chen, Hongbin TI Validation of AMSU-A measurements from two different calibrations in the lower stratosphere using COSMIC radio occultation data SO CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE AMSU; COSMIC; Validation; SNO calibration; Brightness temperature ID MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; SIMULTANEOUS NADIR OVERPASSES; TEMPERATURE; RECALIBRATION; SATELLITES; TRENDS AB GPS radio occultation data from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) mission were used to validate the measurements of the advanced microwave sounding unit-A (AMSU-A) in the lower stratosphere from different satellites. AMSU-A observations from two different calibrations-the pre-launch operational and post-launch simultaneous nadir overpass (SNO) calibrations-were compared to microwave brightness temperatures (Tb) simulated from COSMIC data. Observations from three satellites (NOAA-15, -16, and -18) were used in the comparison. The results showed that AMSU-A Tb measurements from both calibrations and from all three NOAA satellites were underestimated in the lower stratosphere, and that the biases were larger in polar winters, especially over the southern high latitudes. In comparison to operational calibration, the SNO-calibrated AMSU-A data produced much smaller biases relative to the COSMIC data. The improvement due to SNO calibration was quantified by a Ratio index, which measured the bias changes from operational to SNO calibrations relative to the biases between the operational-calibrated AMSU-A data and the COSMIC data. The Ratio values were 70 % for NOAA-15 and[80 % for NOAA-18 and -16, indicating that the SNO calibration method significantly reduced AMSU-A biases and effectively improved AMSU-A data quality. C1 [He, Wenying; Chen, Hongbin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LAGEO, Beijing 200019, Peoples R China. [Zou, Chengzhi] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP He, WY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LAGEO, Beijing 200019, Peoples R China. EM hwy@mail.iap.ac.cn RI Zou, Cheng-Zhi/E-3085-2010 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB428602, 2010CB950802] FX The first author is thankful for the help of the CDDAC group with the COSMIC data, and also for the invitation to visit Bill Guo and Ben Ho in the COSMIC group. This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB428602 and 2010CB950802). NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-6538 EI 1861-9541 J9 CHINESE SCI BULL JI Chin. Sci. Bull. PD APR PY 2014 VL 59 IS 11 BP 1159 EP 1166 DI 10.1007/s11434-014-0125-9 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AD3GM UT WOS:000333126300013 ER PT J AU Weijerman, M Birkeland, C Piniak, GA Miller, MW Eakin, CM McElhany, P Dunlap, MJ Patterson, M Brainard, RE AF Weijerman, Mariska Birkeland, Charles Piniak, Gregory A. Miller, Margaret W. Eakin, C. Mark McElhany, Paul Dunlap, Matthew J. Patterson, Matt Brainard, Russell E. TI Endangered Species Act listing: three case studies of data deficiencies and consequences of ESA 'threatened' listing on research output SO CURRENT OPINION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Article ID REGION-WIDE DECLINES; DEEP-SEA CORALS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; REEFS AB Determining whether a species warrants listing as threatened or endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act depends on the government's assessment of the species' extinction risk, usually in response to a petition. Deciding whether data are sufficient to make a listing determination is a challenging part of the process. We examined three case studies involving corals. A petition for deep-sea corals was rejected for full status review of the species, based on insufficient information on population trends and threats. Information on threats for 82 tropical corals was sufficient to propose listing of 66 species. Significant population declines and identified threats resulted in listing two Atlantic Acropora corals as 'Threatened'. There was no decrease in journal publication rate on the Acropora species after that listing, and no decrease in research permit applications in marine protected areas. However, the effects of listings on research that might help to sustain or recover species remains largely unknown. C1 [Weijerman, Mariska; Dunlap, Matthew J.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Weijerman, Mariska] Wageningen Univ, Environm Syst Anal Grp, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Birkeland, Charles] Univ Hawaii, Dept Biol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Piniak, Gregory A.] Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Miller, Margaret W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Eakin, C. Mark] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [McElhany, Paul] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Patterson, Matt] Natl Pk Serv, Palmetto, FL 33157 USA. [Brainard, Russell E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacif Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP Weijerman, M (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM mariska.weijerman@noaa.gov RI Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1877-3435 EI 1877-3443 J9 CURR OPIN ENV SUST JI Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. PD APR PY 2014 VL 7 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.cosust.2013.11.026 PG 7 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AE5HV UT WOS:000334019300004 ER PT J AU Downs, CA Kramarsky-Winter, E Fauth, JE Segal, R Bronstein, O Jeger, R Lichtenfeld, Y Woodley, CM Pennington, P Kushmaro, A Loya, Y AF Downs, C. A. Kramarsky-Winter, Esti Fauth, John E. Segal, Roee Bronstein, Omri Jeger, Rina Lichtenfeld, Yona Woodley, Cheryl M. Pennington, Paul Kushmaro, Ariel Loya, Yossi TI Toxicological effects of the sunscreen UV filter, benzophenone-2, on planulae and in vitro cells of the coral, Stylophora pistillata (vol 23, pg 175, 2014) SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Downs, C. A.] Haereticus Environm Lab, Clifford, VA 24533 USA. [Kramarsky-Winter, Esti; Segal, Roee; Bronstein, Omri; Loya, Yossi] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, George S Wise Fac Life Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Kramarsky-Winter, Esti; Lichtenfeld, Yona; Kushmaro, Ariel] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Engn Sci, Avram & Stella Goldstein Goren Dept Biotechnol En, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Kramarsky-Winter, Esti; Lichtenfeld, Yona; Kushmaro, Ariel] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Natl Inst Biotechnol Negev, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Fauth, John E.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Jeger, Rina] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Life Sci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Woodley, Cheryl M.] NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Woodley, Cheryl M.; Pennington, Paul] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Kushmaro, Ariel] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. RP Downs, CA (reprint author), Haereticus Environm Lab, POB 92, Clifford, VA 24533 USA. EM cadowns@haereticus-lab.org RI Loya, Yossi/J-3039-2012 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD APR PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3 BP 472 EP 473 DI 10.1007/s10646-014-1211-0 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AD3GZ UT WOS:000333127600015 ER PT J AU Gouglidis, A Mavridis, I Hu, VC AF Gouglidis, Antonios Mavridis, Ioannis Hu, Vincent C. TI Security policy verification for multi-domains in cloud systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SECURITY LA English DT Article DE Cloud computing; Collaboration; Multi-domain; RBAC; Secure inter-operation; Verification ID ACCESS-CONTROL POLICIES; CONTROL MODELS; CHECKING AB The cloud is a modern computing paradigm with the ability to support a business model by providing multi-tenancy, scalability, elasticity, pay as you go and self-provisioning of resources by using broad network access. Yet, cloud systems are mostly bounded to single domains, and collaboration among different cloud systems is an active area of research. Over time, such collaboration schemas are becoming of vital importance since they allow companies to diversify their services on multiple cloud systems to increase both uptime and usage of services. The existence of an efficient management process for the enforcement of security policies among the participating cloud systems would facilitate the adoption of multi-domain cloud systems. An important issue in collaborative environments is secure inter-operation. Stemmed from the absence of relevant work in the area of cloud computing, we define a model checking technique that can be used as a management service/tool for the verification of multi-domain cloud policies. Our proposal is based on NIST's (National Institute of Standards and Technology) generic model checking technique and has been enriched with RBAC reasoning. Current approaches, in Grid systems, are capable of verifying and detect only conflicts and redundancies between two policies. However, the latter cannot overcome the risk of privileged user access in multi-domain cloud systems. In this paper, we provide the formal definition of the proposed technique and security properties that have to be verified in multi-domain cloud systems. Furthermore, an evaluation of the technique through a series of performance tests is provided. C1 [Gouglidis, Antonios; Mavridis, Ioannis] Univ Macedonia, Dept Appl Informat, Thessaloniki 54006, Greece. [Hu, Vincent C.] NIST, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gouglidis, A (reprint author), Univ Macedonia, Dept Appl Informat, 156 Egnatia Str, Thessaloniki 54006, Greece. EM agougl@uom.gr; mavridis@uom.gr; vincent.hu@nist.gov FU Research Committee of the University of Macedonia, Greece FX This work has been (partially) funded by the Research Committee of the University of Macedonia, Greece. NR 52 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1615-5262 EI 1615-5270 J9 INT J INF SECUR JI Int. J. Inf. Secur. PD APR PY 2014 VL 13 IS 2 SI SI BP 97 EP 111 DI 10.1007/s10207-013-0205-x PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA AD6FN UT WOS:000333351500002 ER PT J AU Brynildsrud, O Feil, EJ Bohlin, J Castillo-Ramirez, S Colquhoun, D McCarthy, U Matejusova, IM Rhodes, LD Wiens, GD Verner-Jeffreys, DW AF Brynildsrud, Ola Feil, Edward J. Bohlin, Jon Castillo-Ramirez, Santiago Colquhoun, Duncan McCarthy, Una Matejusova, Iveta M. Rhodes, Linda D. Wiens, Gregory D. Verner-Jeffreys, David W. TI Microevolution of Renibacterium salmoninarum: evidence for intercontinental dissemination associated with fish movements SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE fish pathogens; microbial evolution; next-generation sequencing; Renibacterium salmoninarum; transmission history ID BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; CAUSATIVE AGENT; PACIFIC SALMON; SEQUENCE; TROUT; EVOLUTION; PATHOGEN; TRANSMISSION AB Renibacterium salmoninarum is the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease, a major pathogen of salmonid fish species worldwide. Very low levels of intra-species genetic diversity have hampered efforts to understand the transmission dynamics and recent evolutionary history of this Gram-positive bacterium. We exploited recent advances in the next-generation sequencing technology to generate genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from 68 diverse R. salmoninarum isolates representing broad geographical and temporal ranges and different host species. Phylogenetic analysis robustly delineated two lineages (lineage 1 and lineage 2); futhermore, dating analysis estimated that the time to the most recent ancestor of all the isolates is 1239 years ago (95% credible interval (CI) 444-2720 years ago). Our data reveal the intercontinental spread of lineage 1 over the last century, concurrent with anthropogenic movement of live fish, feed and ova for aquaculture purposes and stocking of recreational fisheries, whilst lineage 2 appears to have been endemic in wild Eastern Atlantic salmonid stocks before commercial activity. The high resolution of the SNP-based analyses allowed us to separate closely related isolates linked to neighboring fish farms, indicating that they formed part of single outbreaks. We were able to demonstrate that the main lineage 1 subgroup of R. salmoninarum isolated from Norway and the UK likely represent an introduction to these areas similar to 40 years ago. This study demonstrates the promise of this technology for analysis of micro and medium scale evolutionary relationships in veterinary and environmental microorganisms, as well as human pathogens. C1 [Brynildsrud, Ola; Bohlin, Jon] Norwegian Sch Vet Sci, Dept Food Safety & Infect Biol, EpiCtr, Oslo, Norway. [Feil, Edward J.; Castillo-Ramirez, Santiago] Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Colquhoun, Duncan] Norwegian Vet Inst, Dept Lab Serv, Bacteriol Sect, Oslo, Norway. [McCarthy, Una; Matejusova, Iveta M.] Marine Scotland Sci, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Rhodes, Linda D.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Wiens, Gregory D.] USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Coldwater Aquaculture, Leetown, WV USA. [Verner-Jeffreys, David W.] The Nothe, Cefas Weymouth Lab, Weymouth, Dorset, England. RP Verner-Jeffreys, DW (reprint author), CEFAS, Cefas Weymouth Lab, Barrack Rd, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, England. EM david.verner-jeffreys@cefas.co.uk OI Wiens, Gregory/0000-0002-5478-7780; Brynildsrud, Ola/0000-0001-7566-4133; Rhodes, Linda/0000-0003-4995-9426; Bohlin, Jon/0000-0002-0992-1311 FU UK's Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs [FB002, DP258] FX The UK's Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs provided funding through Projects FB002 and an interagency grant DP258. Joel Caren, Inger Lise Engen and Georgina Rimmer provided valuable technical support. We thank Dr Bill Keleher for providing isolates from New Brunswick, Canada. Dr Chris Watkins from The Genome Analysis Centre (TGAC), Norwich, UK provided expert assistance with sequencing the isolates. We are grateful to the reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1751-7362 EI 1751-7370 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD APR PY 2014 VL 8 IS 4 BP 746 EP 756 DI 10.1038/ismej.2013.186 PG 11 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA AD4BA UT WOS:000333189700002 PM 24173459 ER PT J AU Sun, DZ Zhang, T Sun, Y Yu, YQ AF Sun, De-Zheng Zhang, Tao Sun, Yan Yu, Yongqiang TI Rectification of El Nino-Southern Oscillation into Climate Anomalies of Decadal and Longer Time Scales: Results from Forced Ocean GCM Experiments SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE El Nino ID INSTABILITY WAVE EXPERIMENT; EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TROPICAL PACIFIC; WIND STRESS; HEAT-BUDGET; LA-NINA; PART I; ENSO; MODEL; VARIABILITY AB To better understand the causes of climate change in the tropical Pacific on the decadal and longer time scales, the rectification effect of ENSO events is delineated by contrasting the time-mean state of two forced ocean GCM experiments. In one of them, the long-term mean surface wind stress of 1950-2011 is applied, while in the other, the surface wind stress used is the long-term mean surface wind stress of 1950-2011 plus the interannual monthly anomalies over the period. Thus, the long-term means of the surface wind stress in the two runs are identical. The two experiments also use the same relaxation boundary conditions, that is, the SST is restored to the same prescribed values. The two runs, however, are found to yield significantly different mean climate for the tropical Pacific. The mean state of the run with interannual fluctuations in the surface winds is found to have a cooler warm pool, warmer thermocline water, and warmer eastern surface Pacific than the run without interannual fluctuations in the surface winds. The warming of the eastern Pacific has a pattern that resembles the observed decadal warming. In particular, the pattern features an off-equator maximum as the observed decadal warming. The spatial pattern of the time-mean upper-ocean temperature differences between the two experiments is shown to resemble that of the differences in the nonlinear dynamic heating, underscoring the role of the nonlinear ocean dynamics in the rectification. The study strengthens the suggestion that rectification of ENSO can be a viable mechanism for climate change of decadal and longer time scales. C1 [Sun, De-Zheng; Zhang, Tao; Sun, Yan] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sun, De-Zheng; Zhang, Tao; Sun, Yan] NOAA, ESRL, PSD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sun, Yan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Key Lab Ocean Circulat & Waves, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Yu, Yongqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Sun, DZ (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, PSD, 325 Broadway,Mail Code R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dezheng.sun@noaa.gov RI Yu, Yongqiang /K-7808-2012 OI Yu, Yongqiang /0000-0001-8596-3583 FU NSF Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics Program [AGS 0852329]; NOAA Climate Program Office's Earth System Science (ESS) program; Modeling, Analysis, Prediction, and Projections (MAPP) program; National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB417401]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2012M521378]; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change; National Key Program for Developing Basic Sciences [2010CB950502] FX This research was supported by a grant from NSF Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics Program (AGS 0852329) and by grants from the NOAA Climate Program Office's Earth System Science (ESS) program and the Modeling, Analysis, Prediction, and Projections (MAPP) program. Yan Sun was also supported by the National Basic Research Program of China for Structures, Variability, and Climatic Impacts of Ocean Circulation and Warm Pool in the Tropical Pacific Ocean (Grant 2012CB417401) and by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant 2012M521378). Yongqiang Yu was supported by the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change and the National Key Program for Developing Basic Sciences (Grant 2010CB950502). The leading author would like to thank Dr. Mark Cane, Dr. Fei-Fei Jin, Dr. Michael McPhaden, and Dr. Richard Seager for their encouragements on this line of work on ENSO. NR 55 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2014 VL 27 IS 7 BP 2545 EP 2561 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00390.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD6PA UT WOS:000333382100005 ER PT J AU Lubbecke, JF McPhaden, MJ AF Luebbecke, Joke F. McPhaden, Michael J. TI Assessing the Twenty-First-Century Shift in ENSO Variability in Terms of the Bjerknes Stability Index* SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Decadal variability; El Nino; Tropical variability; Thermocline; Interannual variability ID TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; EL-NINO; DATA ASSIMILATION; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; BASIC STATE; CLIMATE; SYSTEM; STRATIFICATION AB A decadal change in the character of ENSO was observed around year 2000 toward weaker-amplitude, higher-frequency events with an increased occurrence of central Pacific El Ninos. Here these changes are assessed in terms of the Bjerknes stability index (BJ index), which is a measure of the growth rate of ENSO-related SST anomalies. The individual terms of the index are calculated from ocean reanalysis products separately for the time periods 1980-99 and 2000-10. The spread between the products is large, but they show a robust weakening of the thermocline feedback due to a reduced thermocline slope response to anomalous zonal wind stress as well as a weakened wind stress response to eastern equatorial Pacific SST anomalies. These changes are consistent with changes in the background state of the tropical Pacific: cooler mean SST in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific results in reduced convection there together with a westward shift in the ascending branch of the Walker circulation. This shift leads to a weakening in the relationship between eastern Pacific SST and longitudinally averaged equatorial zonal wind stress. Also, despite a steeper mean thermocline slope in the more recent period, the thermocline slope response to wind stress anomalies weakened due to a smaller zonal wind fetch that results from ENSO-related wind anomalies being more confined to the western basin. As a result, the total BJ index is more negative, corresponding to a more strongly damped system in the past decade compared to the 1980s and 1990s. C1 [Luebbecke, Joke F.; McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lubbecke, JF (reprint author), NOAA, PMEL, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM joke.luebbecke@noaa.gov RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016; Luebbecke, Joke/G-6315-2016 OI Luebbecke, Joke/0000-0002-7839-3284 FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NOAA/PMEL FX The authors like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NOAA/PMEL. We thank Simona Masina and Pierluigi Di Pietro for the INGV OI5 output and Armin Kohl for the GECCO2 output. NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2014 VL 27 IS 7 BP 2577 EP 2587 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00438.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD6PA UT WOS:000333382100007 ER PT J AU Wittenberg, AT Rosati, A Delworth, TL Vecchi, GA Zeng, FR AF Wittenberg, Andrew T. Rosati, Anthony Delworth, Thomas L. Vecchi, Gabriel A. Zeng, Fanrong TI ENSO Modulation: Is It Decadally Predictable? SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE El Nino; Climate prediction; ENSO; Interdecadal variability; Interannual variability; Seasonal forecasting ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; ATLANTIC THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; 1997-98 EL-NINO; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; PACIFIC INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODELS AB Observations and climate simulations exhibit epochs of extreme El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) behavior that can persist for decades. Previous studies have revealed a wide range of ENSO responses to forcings from greenhouse gases, aerosols, and orbital variations, but they have also shown that interdecadal modulation of ENSO can arise even without such forcings. The present study examines the predictability of this intrinsically generated component of ENSO modulation, using a 4000-yr unforced control run from a global coupled GCM [GFDL Climate Model, version 2.1 (CM2.1)] with a fairly realistic representation of ENSO. Extreme ENSO epochs from the unforced simulation are reforecast using the same ("perfect") model but slightly perturbed initial conditions. These 40-member reforecast ensembles display potential predictability of the ENSO trajectory, extending up to several years ahead. However, no decadal-scale predictability of ENSO behavior is found. This indicates that multidecadal epochs of extreme ENSO behavior can arise not only intrinsically but also delicately and entirely at random. Previous work had shown that CM2.1 generates strong, reasonably realistic, decadally predictable high-latitude climate signals, as well as tropical and extratropical decadal signals that interact with ENSO. However, those slow variations appear not to lend significant decadal predictability to this model's ENSO behavior, at least in the absence of external forcings. While the potential implications of these results are sobering for decadal predictability, they also offer an expedited approach to model evaluation and development, in which large ensembles of short runs are executed in parallel, to quickly and robustly evaluate simulations of ENSO. Further implications are discussed for decadal prediction, attribution of past and future ENSO variations, and societal vulnerability. C1 [Wittenberg, Andrew T.; Rosati, Anthony; Delworth, Thomas L.; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Zeng, Fanrong] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Wittenberg, AT (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM andrew.wittenberg@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; NR 149 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2014 VL 27 IS 7 BP 2667 EP 2681 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00577.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD6PA UT WOS:000333382100013 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Hu, ZZ AF Kumar, Arun Hu, Zeng-Zhen TI How Variable Is the Uncertainty in ENSO Sea Surface Temperature Prediction? SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Ensembles; El Nino; Seasonal forecasting ID EL-NINO; SEASONAL PREDICTION; LA-NINA; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; SSTS AB The magnitude of seasonal predictability for a variable depends on departure of its probability density function (PDF) for a particular season from the corresponding climatological PDF. Differences in the PDF can be due to differences in various moments of the PDF (e.g., mean or the spread) from their corresponding values for the climatological PDF. Year-to-year changes in which moments of the PDF systematically contribute to seasonal predictability are an area of particular interest. Previous analyses for seasonal atmospheric variability have indicated that most of atmospheric predictability is (i) due to El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and (ii) primarily due to change in the mean of the PDF for the atmospheric variability with changes in the spread of the PDF playing a secondary role. Present analysis extends to the assessment of seasonal predictability of ENSO SSTs themselves. Based on analysis of seasonal hindcasts, the results indicate that the spread (or the uncertainty) in the prediction of ENSO SSTs does not have a systematic dependence on the mean of the amplitude of predicted ENSO SST anomalies, and further, year-to-year changes in uncertainty are small. Therefore, similar to the atmospheric predictability, predictability of ENSO SSTs may also reside in the prediction of its mean amplitude; spread being almost constant does not have a systematic impact on the predictability. C1 [Kumar, Arun; Hu, Zeng-Zhen] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM arun.kumar@noaa.gov RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011 OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2014 VL 27 IS 7 BP 2779 EP 2788 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00576.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD6PA UT WOS:000333382100019 ER PT J AU McGovern, A Gagne, DJ Williams, JK Brown, RA Basara, JB AF McGovern, Amy Gagne, David J., II Williams, John K. Brown, Rodger A. Basara, Jeffrey B. TI Enhancing understanding and improving prediction of severe weather through spatiotemporal relational learning SO MACHINE LEARNING LA English DT Article DE Statistical relational learning; Spatiotemporal; Severe weather ID SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORM ENVIRONMENTS; TREE INDUCTION; TURBULENCE; TORNADOGENESIS; REPRESENTATION; OKLAHOMA; TIME AB Severe weather, including tornadoes, thunderstorms, wind, and hail annually cause significant loss of life and property. We are developing spatiotemporal machine learning techniques that will enable meteorologists to improve the prediction of these events by improving their understanding of the fundamental causes of the phenomena and by building skillful empirical predictive models. In this paper, we present significant enhancements of our Spatiotemporal Relational Probability Trees that enable autonomous discovery of spatiotemporal relationships as well as learning with arbitrary shapes. We focus our evaluation on two real-world case studies using our technique: predicting tornadoes in Oklahoma and predicting aircraft turbulence in the United States. We also discuss how to evaluate success for a machine learning algorithm in the severe weather domain, which will enable new methods such as ours to transfer from research to operations, provide a set of lessons learned for embedded machine learning applications, and discuss how to field our technique. C1 [McGovern, Amy] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gagne, David J., II; Basara, Jeffrey B.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Williams, John K.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Brown, Rodger A.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP McGovern, A (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM amcgovern@ou.edu; djgagne@ou.edu; jkwillia@ucar.edu; Rodger.Brown@noaa.gov; jbasara@ou.edu RI Basara, Jeffrey/A-4907-2008 OI Basara, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2096-6844 FU National Science Foundation [NSF/IIS/0746816]; NSF [2011099434]; Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education; Oklahoma Department of Public Safety; Federal Aviation Administration; NASA [NNX08AL89G] FX This study was funded by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSF/IIS/0746816 and an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship No. 2011099434. The Oklahoma Mesonet is funded by the taxpayers of Oklahoma through the Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education and the Oklahoma Department of Public Safety. The authors thank Jason Craig and Gregory Meymaris for providing some of the data used in this article. This research was supported by the Federal Aviation Administration and by NASA under Grant No. NNX08AL89G. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The authors would also like to thank Jon Trueblood and Tim Sliwinski for their work in the aircraft turbulence data and Brittany Dahl for her work in generating the supercell simulations. The supercell simulations were performed at XSEDE/NICS using the supercomputers kraken and nautilus. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official policy or position of the U.S. government. NR 73 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0885-6125 EI 1573-0565 J9 MACH LEARN JI Mach. Learn. PD APR PY 2014 VL 95 IS 1 SI SI BP 27 EP 50 DI 10.1007/s10994-013-5343-x PG 24 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA AD3PI UT WOS:000333157800003 ER PT J AU Garcia, RN Chung, KW Key, PB Burnett, LE Coen, LD DeLorenzo, ME AF Garcia, R. N. Chung, K. W. Key, P. B. Burnett, L. E. Coen, L. D. DeLorenzo, M. E. TI Interactive Effects of Mosquito Control Insecticide Toxicity, Hypoxia, and Increased Carbon Dioxide on Larval and Juvenile Eastern Oysters and Hard Clams SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHRIMP PALAEMONETES-PUGIO; ELEVATED CO2 LEVELS; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; MERCENARIA-MERCENARIA; RISK-ASSESSMENT; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; SACCOSTREA-GLOMERATA; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CONTROL PESTICIDES; ESTUARINE WATERS AB Mosquito control insecticide use in the coastal zone coincides with the habitat and mariculture operations of commercially and ecologically important shellfish species. Few data are available regarding insecticide toxicity to shellfish early life stages, and potential interactions with abiotic stressors, such as low oxygen and increased CO2 (low pH), are less understood. Toxicity was assessed at 4 and 21 days for larval and juvenile stages of the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, and the hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria, using two pyrethroids (resmethrin and permethrin), an organophosphate (naled), and a juvenile growth hormone mimic (methoprene). Acute toxicity (4-day LC50) values ranged from 1.59 to > 10 mg/L. Overall, clams were more susceptible to mosquito control insecticides than oysters. Naled was the most toxic compound in oyster larvae, whereas resmethrin was the most toxic compound in clam larvae. Mortality for both species generally increased with chronic insecticide exposure (21-day LC50 values ranged from 0.60 to 9.49 mg/L). Insecticide exposure also caused sublethal effects, including decreased swimming activity after 4 days in larval oysters (4-day EC50 values of 0.60 to 2.33 mg/L) and decreased growth (shell area and weight) in juvenile clams and oysters after 21 days (detected at concentrations ranging from 0.625 to 10 mg/L). Hypoxia, hypercapnia, and a combination of hypoxia and hypercapnia caused mortality in larval clams and increased resmethrin toxicity. These data will benefit both shellfish mariculture operations and environmental resource agencies as they manage the use of mosquito control insecticides near coastal ecosystems. C1 [Garcia, R. N.; Burnett, L. E.] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Chung, K. W.; Key, P. B.; DeLorenzo, M. E.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Coen, L. D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Coen, L. D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, HBOI, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP DeLorenzo, ME (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM marie.delorenzo@noaa.gov FU Southern Regional Aquaculture Center; United States Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service; College of Charleston Graduate Program in Marine Biology, Biology Department, and Graduate Student Association FX This research was funded by a Grant from the Southern Regional Aquaculture Center, in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, to M. E. DeLorenzo and L. D. Coen and the College of Charleston Graduate Program in Marine Biology, Biology Department, and Graduate Student Association. We acknowledge the kind experimental assistance of Paul Pennington, Shannon Whitehead, and John Venturella (NOAA/NOS/CCEHBR) as well as Karen Burnett, Anna Tommerdahl, Rebecca Derex, and Sarah Song (College of Charleston). We thank Mike Fulton, Tina Mikulski, Cheryl Woodley, and Pat Fair for helpful review of the manuscript. The NOAA, National Ocean Service does not approve, recommend, or endorse any proprietary product or material mentioned in this publication. This is Contribution No. 418 of the Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC. NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 56 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 66 IS 3 BP 450 EP 462 DI 10.1007/s00244-014-0002-1 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AC8MP UT WOS:000332787500013 PM 24531857 ER PT J AU Bonin, CA Goebel, ME Hoffman, JI Burton, RS AF Bonin, Carolina A. Goebel, Michael E. Hoffman, Joseph I. Burton, Ronald S. TI High male reproductive success in a low-density Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) breeding colony SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Paternity; Reproductive skew; Site fidelity; Breeding; Mating system; Microsatellite; Seal; Pinniped ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; SITE FIDELITY; POPULATION-GROWTH; SIBSHIP INFERENCE; SEXUAL SELECTION; MATING SYSTEMS; ELEPHANT SEALS; SOUTH SHETLAND; RELATEDNESS AB Understanding how population density influences mating systems may lead to important insights into the plasticity of breeding behavior, but few natural systems allow for such studies. Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) provide an interesting model system because they breed in colonies of varying densities. Previous studies have largely focused on a high-density site at Bird Island, South Georgia. Here, 13 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci were used to conduct a genetic analysis of a low-density breeding colony of this species at Livingston Island, approximately 1,600 km south of South Georgia. The majority of adults seen ashore (n = 54) were sampled together with every pup born (n = 97) over four consecutive years. Paternities were confidently assigned for 34 out of the 97 pups. Two out of 23 sampled males accounted for the paternity of 28 % of all pups sampled during the study and 82 % of the pups with an assigned father. Moreover, a full likelihood pedigree inference method assigned a further eight paternities to a single unsampled male seal that is inferred to have held a territory during the season before the study began. The most successful males in our study easily surpassed the previous record for the total number of pups sired per male seal for the species. Furthermore, we identified two triads of full siblings implying that their parents remated in three consecutive years. These findings suggest that territorial male fur seals may achieve greater success in monopolizing access to breeding females when population density is relatively low. C1 [Bonin, Carolina A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Goebel, Michael E.] NOAA, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Hoffman, Joseph I.] Univ Bielefeld, Dept Anim Behav, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. [Burton, Ronald S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Bonin, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM bonincarolina@gmail.com RI hoffman, joseph/K-7725-2012; Burton, Ron/F-7694-2010 OI hoffman, joseph/0000-0001-5895-8949; FU National Science Foundation-Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program [0903551]; Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography FX C.A. Bonin is supported by the National Science Foundation-Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program grant # 0903551 awarded by the Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The United States Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program provided resources for field and laboratory work; we especially thank Dr. Rennie Holt and George Watters for supporting this research. Laboratory infra-structure was provided by Protected Resources Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA. We are grateful to the 'Programa Antartico Brasileiro' (PROANTAR) and the 'Ministerio da Ciencia and Technologia do Brasil' for transportation of CA Bonin from Punta Arenas to Cape Shirreff during the 2009-2010 field season. Invaluable field assistance was provided by Ryan Burner, Raymond Buchheit, and Birgitte MacDonald. Drs. Eric Lewallen and Phil Morin provided valuable comments on the previous versions of this manuscript. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5443 EI 1432-0762 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 68 IS 4 BP 597 EP 604 DI 10.1007/s00265-013-1674-7 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AD1FL UT WOS:000332979400007 ER PT J AU Safford, TG Norman, KC Henly, M Mills, KE Levin, PS AF Safford, Thomas G. Norman, Karma C. Henly, Megan Mills, Katherine E. Levin, Phillip S. TI Environmental Awareness and Public Support for Protecting and Restoring Puget Sound SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Environmental awareness; Coastal management; Environmental policy; Social indicators ID GENDER; MANAGEMENT; RISK; RACE; CONSEQUENCES; KNOWLEDGE; FISHERIES; ATTITUDES; SCIENCE; ESTUARY AB In an effort to garner consensus around environmental programs, practitioners have attempted to increase awareness about environmental threats and demonstrate the need for action. Nonetheless, how beliefs about the scope and severity of different types of environmental concerns shape support for management interventions are less clear. Using data from a telephone survey of residents of the Puget Sound region of Washington, we investigate how perceptions of the severity of different coastal environmental problems, along with other social factors, affect attitudes about policy options. We find that self-assessed environmental understanding and views about the seriousness of pollution, habitat loss, and salmon declines are only weakly related. Among survey respondents, women, young people, and those who believe pollution threatens Puget Sound are more likely to support policy measures such as increased enforcement and spending on restoration. Conversely, self-identified Republicans and individuals who view current regulations as ineffective tend to oppose governmental actions aimed at protecting and restoring Puget Sound. Support for one policy measure-tax credits for environmentally-friendly business practices-is not significantly affected by political party affiliation. These findings demonstrate that environmental awareness can influence public support for environmental policy tools. However, the nature of particular management interventions and other social forces can have important mitigating effects and need to be considered by practitioners attempting to develop environment-related social indicators and generate consensus around the need for action to address environmental problems. C1 [Safford, Thomas G.; Henly, Megan] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Sociol, Horton Social Sci Ctr 417, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Norman, Karma C.; Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Mills, Katherine E.] Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME 04101 USA. RP Safford, TG (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Sociol, Horton Social Sci Ctr 417, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM tom.safford@unh.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-National Marine Fisheries Service; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [DW13923277]; College of Liberal Arts at the University of New Hampshire; Carsey Institute at the University of New Hampshire FX Funding for this project was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-National Marine Fisheries Service, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (grant DW13923277), and the College of Liberal Arts at the University of New Hampshire. In accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act, the survey presented here was approved by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Office of Management Budget under OMB Control Number 0648-0641. The authors would also like to acknowledge the support of the Carsey Institute at the University of New Hampshire and Dr. Larry Hamilton for his assistance with statistical analyses. NR 84 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2014 VL 53 IS 4 BP 757 EP 768 DI 10.1007/s00267-014-0236-8 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AD0UM UT WOS:000332949600004 PM 24488038 ER PT J AU Penczek, J Boynton, PA Splett, JD AF Penczek, John Boynton, Paul A. Splett, Jolene D. TI Color Error in the Digital Camera Image Capture Process SO JOURNAL OF DIGITAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE Color error; Camera; Color difference; Color correction; Telemedicine AB The color error in images taken by digital cameras is evaluated with respect to its sensitivity to the image capture conditions. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the dependence of image color error on camera technology, illumination spectra, and lighting uniformity. The measurement conditions were selected to simulate the variation that might be expected in typical telemedicine situations. Substantial color errors were observed, depending on the measurement conditions. Several image post-processing methods were also investigated for their effectiveness in reducing the color errors. The results of this study quantify the level of color error that may occur in the digital camera image capture process, and provide guidance for improving the color accuracy through appropriate changes in that process and in post-processing. C1 [Penczek, John] Univ Colorado, NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Boynton, Paul A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Splett, Jolene D.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Penczek, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, MS 686-01,Rm 1-3542,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jpenczek@nist.gov FU NIST Health IT initiative FX The authors would like to thank Yves Vander Haeghen for his valuable discussions and the use of the CIPFToolbox color correction software. Questions regarding his color correction software should be directed to Dr. Vander Haeghen at University Hospital Ghent, ICT department, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium, or by e-mail at Yves. VanderHaeghen@uzgent.be. This work was supported as part of the NIST Health IT initiative. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0897-1889 EI 1618-727X J9 J DIGIT IMAGING JI J. Digit. Imaging PD APR PY 2014 VL 27 IS 2 BP 182 EP 191 DI 10.1007/s10278-013-9644-1 PG 10 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AD0ZF UT WOS:000332962700004 PM 24162666 ER PT J AU Verdal, N Her, JH Stavila, V Soloninin, AV Babanova, OA Skripov, AV Udovic, TJ Rush, JJ AF Verdal, Nina Her, Jae-Hyuk Stavila, Vitalie Soloninin, Alexei V. Babanova, Olga A. Skripov, Alexander V. Udovic, Terrence J. Rush, John J. TI Complex high-temperature phase transitions in Li2B12H12 and Na2B12H12 SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Dodecaborate; Neutron powder diffraction; Orientational disorder; Phase transition; Ion mobility; Superionic conductor ID DODECAHYDRO-CLOSO-DODECABORATE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; INTERATOMIC DISTANCES; NMR; DECOMPOSITION; STABILITY; SYSTEM; LIBH4 AB Differential scanning calorimety measurements of Li2B12H12 and Na2B12H12 indicate hysteretic transformations to high-temperature phases at approximate to 615 K and 529 K, respectively, upon heating (1 K/min) from room temperature. X-ray and neutron powder diffraction measurements corroborate the phase-change behavior. For Li2B12H12, the diffraction data are consistent with a previous study suggesting that the overall face-centered-cubic arrangement of icosahedral B12H12- anions is maintained upon transformation to the high-temperature polymorph, although the anions are now orientationally disordered and the Li+ cations crystallographically disordered within an enlarged lattice. For Na2B12H12, the diffraction data indicate the existence of three different high-temperature phases in addition to the known low-temperature monoclinic phase. The highest-temperature structure possesses Im (3) over barm symmetry and exhibits a body-centered-cubic arrangement of orientationally disordered anions. The interstitial, disordered Na+ cations appear to favor off-center positions within the distorted tetrahedral sites formed by the anions in this structure. An intermediate Pm (3) over barn-symmetric phase at lower temperature is the result of a partial ordering of this higher-temperature structure. A third, minor, face-centered-cubic phase coexists with these high-temperature polymorphs. H-1 NMR measurements of Li2B12H12 and Na2B12H12 reveal an approximately two-orders-of-magnitude increase in the reorientational jump rate of the anions in both cases upon transformation to their high-temperature structures. The enhanced anion mobilities were corroborated by neutron scattering fixed-window scans across the respective phase boundaries. The inherent cation disorder associated with these high-temperature polymorphs suggests their potential use as superionic conductors. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Verdal, Nina; Udovic, Terrence J.; Rush, John J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Verdal, Nina; Rush, John J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Her, Jae-Hyuk] GE Global Res, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. [Stavila, Vitalie] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Soloninin, Alexei V.; Babanova, Olga A.; Skripov, Alexander V.] Russian Acad Sci, Ural Branch, Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia. RP Verdal, N (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nina.verdal@nist.gov RI Babanova, Olga/J-4821-2013; Skripov, Alexander/K-4525-2013; Soloninin, Alexey/J-8580-2013 OI Babanova, Olga/0000-0002-2422-3263; Skripov, Alexander/0000-0002-0610-5538; Soloninin, Alexey/0000-0001-7127-9641 FU DOE EERE [DE-EE0002978, DE-AI-01-05EE11104, DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [12-03-00078]; U.S. Civilian Research & Development Foundation (CRDF Global) [RUP1-7076-EK-12]; National Science Foundation [OISE-9531011, DMR-0944772] FX This work was partially supported by the DOE EERE through Grant Nos. DE-EE0002978, DE-AI-01-05EE11104, and DE-AC04-94AL85000 and by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under Grant No. 12-03-00078, the U.S. Civilian Research & Development Foundation (CRDF Global) under Award No. RUP1-7076-EK-12 and the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. OISE-9531011. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-0944772. NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 10 U2 56 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 EI 1095-726X J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD APR PY 2014 VL 212 BP 81 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2014.01.006 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AD2NC UT WOS:000333071400013 ER PT J AU Seif, M Schafer, B AF Seif, Mina Schafer, Benjamin TI Design of Locally Slender Structural Steel Columns SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Steel columns; Cross sections; Finite element method; Finite strip method; Buckling; Critical loads; Structural design; Steel columns; Stability; Cross sections; Finite-element method; Finite-strip method; Buckling; Critical loads; Design; Analysis and computation ID I-SHAPED BEAMS; STRENGTH; GIRDERS AB The primary objective of this paper is to evaluate and compare design methods for locally slender steel columns. Three design methods utilized for such columns in the United States are explored: (1)the Q-factor method; (2)the unified effective width method; and (3)the direct strength method. The design strength formulas for locally slender W-section columns for all methods are provided in a common notation. The expressions highlight the prominent role of elastic local (cross-section) slenderness. A nonlinear shell finite-element analysis parametric study on short, intermediate, and long columns is conducted to explore the divergence in the design methods as a function of local slenderness. Recommendations for advancing the design methods are offered. In particular, based on the parametric study, an effective width method alternative is provided. C1 [Seif, Mina] NIST, Struct Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schafer, Benjamin] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Seif, M (reprint author), NIST, Struct Grp, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8611, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mina.seif@jhu.edu; schafer@jhu.edu FU AISC; AISC Faculty Fellowship program in this research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of AISC, and the AISC Faculty Fellowship program in this research. Any views or opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors alone. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 EI 1943-541X J9 J STRUCT ENG JI J. Struct. Eng. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 140 IS 4 AR 04013086 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000889 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA AC7XQ UT WOS:000332748000017 ER PT J AU Petersen, EJ Lam, T Gorham, JM Scott, KC Long, CJ Stanley, D Sharma, R Liddle, JA Pellegrin, B Nguyen, T AF Petersen, Elijah J. Lam, Thomas Gorham, Justin M. Scott, Keana C. Long, Christian J. Stanley, Deborah Sharma, Renu Liddle, J. Alexander Pellegrin, Bastien Tinh Nguyen TI Methods to assess the impact of UV irradiation on the surface chemistry and structure of multiwall carbon nanotube epoxy nanocomposites SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID ECOLOGICAL UPTAKE; COMPOSITES; RELEASE; BIOACCUMULATION; DEGRADATION; MECHANISMS; FUNCTIONALIZATION; PHOTOOXIDATION; DEPURATION; NANOSCALE AB One of the most promising applications of nanomaterials is as nanofillers to enhance the properties of polymeric materials. However, the effect of nanofillers on polymers subjected to typical environmental stresses, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, high humidity, or elevated temperatures, is not well understood. This stems partly from a lack of a single analytical method to assess these impacts. In this study, multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) epoxy nanocomposite materials were exposed to carefully controlled UV doses (equivalent of up to approximate to 4 years in Florida). A suite of microscopic, spectroscopic and gravimetric techniques were optimized and used to assess changes occurring in the sample mass, surface chemistry, and surface and sub-surface morphology after UV irradiation. Overall, photodegradation of the epoxy matrix was retarded by the presence of the 3.5% MWCNT filler, suggesting that MWCNTs may enhance the lifetime of nanocomposite materials. Multiple microscopic and spectroscopic techniques clearly showed accumulation of MWCNTs on the nanocomposite surface that grew with increasing UV dose, a finding that may be significant with regard to the potential risk of MWCNT release during the nanocomposite lifetime. These analytical methods will help enable a robust and informative assessment of transformations in polymer nanocomposites subject to environmental stresses. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Petersen, Elijah J.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lam, Thomas; Long, Christian J.; Sharma, Renu; Liddle, J. Alexander] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gorham, Justin M.; Scott, Keana C.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Long, Christian J.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Stanley, Deborah; Pellegrin, Bastien; Tinh Nguyen] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pellegrin, Bastien] Univ Toulouse, LGC, F-31062 Toulouse, France. RP Petersen, EJ (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM elijah.petersen@nist.gov; tinh.nguyen@nist.gov RI Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013; Scott, Keana/J-5717-2015; Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; Gorham, Justin/0000-0002-0569-297X FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX C.J. Long acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 54 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 47 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD APR PY 2014 VL 69 BP 194 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.12.016 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AB6RT UT WOS:000331917900021 ER PT J AU Bentz, DP Davis, JM Peltz, MA Snyder, KA AF Bentz, Dale P. Davis, Jeffrey M. Peltz, Max A. Snyder, Kenneth A. TI Influence of internal curing and viscosity modifiers on resistance to sulfate attack SO MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Durability; Internal curing; Micro X-ray fluorescence; Shrinkage-reducing admixture; Sulfate attack; Viscosity modifier ID SHRINKAGE-REDUCING ADMIXTURES; X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE AB Sulfate attack is one of the common degradation mechanisms for concrete in severe environments. While various strategies for minimizing sulfate attack are well recognized, including using an ASTM C150 Type V cement, employing supplementary cementitious materials, and/or reducing water-to-cementitious materials ratio, this paper explores two new approaches for increasing a mortar's resistance to sulfate attack. In internal curing, fine lightweight aggregates (LWAs) are pre-wetted to provide additional curing water to maximize cement hydration and enhance the microstructure of the interfacial transition zone. The concurrent reductions in connected porosity should contribute to a reduction in the transport rates of sulfate from the environment into the concrete, while the isolated pores present in the LWA may help to accommodate the formation of expansive degradation products, such as ettringite, without creating substantial stresses and subsequent cracking. In the second approach, previously verified for its efficacy to reduce chloride ingress, a viscosity modifier is added to the concrete mixture to increase the viscosity of the pore solution and thus slow down the ingress of sulfates from the environment. While each approach is observed to significantly reduce the measured expansion of mortar bars in standard ASTM C1012 testing, the best performance is observed when the two are combined together by pre-wetting the LWA with a 50:50 solution of the viscosity modifier in water. With the combined approach, the time for the mortar bars to reach a critical expansion level of 0.05 % was over 80 % longer than that measured for the control mortar specimens. The expansion measurements are supported by accompanying measurements of mortar bar mass and surface resistivity throughout their exposure to the sulfate solution, along with micro X-ray fluorescence imaging and X-ray microtomography analysis of specimens extracted from the mortar bars after 9 months of exposure to the sulfate solution. C1 [Bentz, Dale P.; Peltz, Max A.; Snyder, Kenneth A.] NIST, Engn Lab, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davis, Jeffrey M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bentz, DP (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Mat & Struct Syst Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dale.bentz@nist.gov NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1359-5997 EI 1871-6873 J9 MATER STRUCT JI Mater. Struct. PD APR PY 2014 VL 47 IS 4 BP 581 EP 589 DI 10.1617/s11527-013-0081-x PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA AC7WA UT WOS:000332742400003 ER PT J AU Lee, VD Gibert, JM Ziegert, JC AF Lee, Vincent D. Gibert, James M. Ziegert, John C. TI Hybrid bi-directional flexure joint SO PRECISION ENGINEERING-JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETIES FOR PRECISION ENGINEERING AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Flexure; Precision instruments; Damping ID DESIGN AB Precision mechanisms that require repeatable and friction free motion utilize numerous types of flexural bearing joints. This manuscript expands the pool of existing flexure designs by presenting a type of two-degree of freedom (DOF) flexural joint, dubbed the hybrid bi-directional flexure joint (HBFJ), along with the evolution of its design, possible applications and experimental results for stiffness, range of motion, and vibration damping. The HBFJ has a dominant plane of deformation. However, unlike most of its traditional counterparts, the flexure can deflect in other planes. It contains an open, thin walled cavity as the base joint that can be filled with an elastomeric filler material. The filler limits axial deflection, while still permitting the mechanism to have bending deformations in and out of plane. Additionally, the elastomer provides vibration damping to the joint. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lee, Vincent D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gibert, James M.] Clarkson Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Potsdam, NY USA. [Ziegert, John C.] UNC Charlotte, Dept Mech Engn, Charlotte, NC USA. RP Lee, VD (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vinny.Lee@nist.gov; jgibert@clarkson.edu NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-6359 EI 1873-2372 J9 PRECIS ENG JI Precis. Eng.-J. Int. Soc. Precis. Eng. Nanotechnol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 38 IS 2 BP 270 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.precisioneng.2013.10.001 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Manufacturing; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AC8VZ UT WOS:000332814500005 ER PT J AU James, KC Ebert, DA Natanson, LJ Cailliet, GM AF James, Kelsey C. Ebert, David A. Natanson, Lisa J. Cailliet, Gregor M. TI Age and growth characteristics of the Starry Skate, Raja stellulata, with a description of life history and habitat trends of the central California, U.S.A., skate assemblage SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Age; Growth; Skates; Elasmobranchs; Life history; Central California ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; CHONDRICHTHYAN FISHES; LEUCORAJA-ERINACEA; STATISTICAL-METHOD; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; BAND DEPOSITION; WESTERN GULF; VALIDATION; TEMPERATURE; METABOLISM AB Skates are prevalent in fisheries worldwide, but rarely are they identified to species. This is of conservation and management concern since skates exhibit a broad range of life history characteristics. The present study investigated the age and growth of the Starry Skate, Raja stellulata, and compared it to other regional skates inhabiting the U.S. West Coast. Age and growth parameters were determined using two vertebral preparation techniques: gross sectioning and histological sectioning. Gross section age estimates ranged from zero to 11 years and growth was described by the two parameter von Bertalanffy growth function (2 VBGF; L (a) = 915 mm total length (TL) and k = 0.13 year(-1); n = 189). Histological section age estimates ranged from zero to 15 years and growth was also described by the 2 VBGF (L (a) = 1092 mm TL, k = 0.06 year(-1); n = 68). Histological section results reflect a more conservative life history, specifically a lower von Bertalanffy growth coefficient, but had slightly biased results and a smaller sample size than the gross section results. An age and depth trend was found within the central California skate assemblage, in which habitat depth and maximum age were positively correlated. C1 [James, Kelsey C.; Ebert, David A.; Cailliet, Gregor M.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Pacific Shark Res Ctr, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Natanson, Lisa J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP James, KC (reprint author), Moss Landing Marine Labs, Pacific Shark Res Ctr, 8272 Moss Landing Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM kelsey.c.james@gmail.com FU NOAA/NMFS National Shark Research Center; Pacific Shark Research Center; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Earl and Ethel Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust; National Sea Grant College Program of the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under NOAA FX We thank the anonymous reviewers, Churchill Grimes, Don Pearson, John Field, E. J. Dick, and Alec McCall of the Southwest Fisheries Science Center Santa Cruz; Elizabeth Clark, Beth Horness, Aimee Keller, Dan Kamikawa, Keith Bosley, Victor Simon, and Erica Fruh from the Northwest Fisheries Science Center Fisheries Resources Analysis and Monitoring Division for sample collection. A special thanks to the members of the Pacific Shark Research Center at Moss Landing Marine Laboratories: Shaara Ainsley, Jenny Bigman, Joe Bizzarro, Mariah Boyle, Simon Brown, Diane Haas, Jenny Kemper, James Knuckey, Erin Loury, Jasmine Maurer, Wade Smith, and Megan Winton for sample collection, processing, and all around support. Animal care approval was obtained from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC # 801) at San Jose State University. Funding was provided by the NOAA/NMFS National Shark Research Center and the Pacific Shark Research Center, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the Earl and Ethel Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust, and in part by the National Sea Grant College Program of the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under NOAA Grant no. NA04OAR4170038, project number R/F-199, through the California Sea Grant College Program and in part by the California State Resources Agency. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD APR PY 2014 VL 97 IS 4 BP 435 EP 448 DI 10.1007/s10641-013-0164-0 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AB9XY UT WOS:000332150200009 ER PT J AU Nosrati, K Govers, G Semmens, BX Ward, EJ AF Nosrati, Kazem Govers, Gerard Semmens, Brice X. Ward, Eric J. TI A mixing model to incorporate uncertainty in sediment fingerprinting SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Sediment source; Mixing model; Uncertainty; Bayesian-mixing model; Hiv catchment ID SOUTH-EASTERN AUSTRALIA; CATCHMENT; MANAGEMENT; TRACERS; IMPACT; YIELDS; BASIN; BED; UK AB Information on sediment sources is required for effective sediment control strategies, to understand nutrient and pollutant transport, and for developing soil erosion models. Uncertainty associated with sediment fingerprinting mixing models is often substantial, but this uncertainty has not yet been fully incorporated in these models. The main objectives of this study are to apply geochemical fingerprints to determine relative contributions of sediment sources and to develop a Bayesian-mixing model that estimates probability distributions of source contributions to a mixture associated with multiple sources for assessing the uncertainty estimation in sediment fingerprinting in the Hiv catchment, Iran. In this analysis, 28 tracers were measured in 42 different sampling sites from three sediment sources (rangeland, orchard and stream bank) and 12 sediment samples from reservoir check dams. Discriminant analysis provided an important data reduction as it identified four tracers, i.e. B, C, Sr and Tl, that afforded more than 97% correct assignations in discriminating between the sediment sources in the study area. Using a stable isotope mixing model, the median contribution from rangeland, orchard and stream bank sources was 20.8%, 11.2% and 68%, respectively. Sediment source fingerprinting was used to explore the uncertainty in the contributions of sediment from the three sources. Uncertainty is considerable, as the range of probable values was wide: 2-24% for rangeland, 1-26% for orchards and 66-83% for stream banks respectively. While these results can be useful as a scientific basis of sediment management and selecting the soil erosion control methods for decision makers of natural resources they also show that it may not always be possible to identify sediment sources with great precision. Consequently, uncertainty needs to be accounted for when evaluating different management options. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nosrati, Kazem] Shahid Beheshti Univ, Fac Earth Sci, Dept Phys Geog, GC, Tehran 1983963113, Iran. [Govers, Gerard] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Geog Res Grp, BE-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Semmens, Brice X.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Ward, Eric J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Nosrati, K (reprint author), Shahid Beheshti Univ, Fac Earth Sci, Dept Phys Geog, GC, Tehran 1983963113, Iran. EM k_nosrati@sbu.ac.ir FU research council of Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran FX This project was funded by a grant from the research council of Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. We acknowledge an anonymous reviewer who gave detailed suggestion during review. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD APR PY 2014 VL 217 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.12.002 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AB0PY UT WOS:000331495800019 ER PT J AU Thomas, D Butry, D AF Thomas, Douglas S. Butry, David T. TI Areas of the U.S. wildland-urban interface threatened by wildfire during the 2001-2010 decade SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Values threatened; Economics; Fire statistics; Wildfire ID ACTIVE FIRE PRODUCT; UNITED-STATES; MODIS; RISK AB The wildland-urban interface (WUI) is defined in terms of housing density and proximity to wildlands, yet its relevance seems to be only in conjunction with wildland fire threats. The objective of this paper is to (1) identify the WUI areas threatened from wildfire during the 2000's and (2) quantify the values that were threatened. We use 1 km fire detection data generated using MODIS satellite imagery over a 10-year period combined with population densities to identify threatened areas of the WUI. We then use data on structures, structure content, and population to identify the people and property threatened from identified fires within the WUI. We find that 6.3 % of the U.S. population (17.5 million) resided within these areas and that 2.1 % of the population lived in WUI areas where more than one fire has occurred. However, we find that only a third of the affected population was threatened during daytime hours, as most leave the threatened portion of the WUI during peak ignition hours. The threatened area comprised 4.1 % of the coterminous USA and 44.9 % of the WUI. Within these areas were 7.8 million residential, commercial, industrial, governmental, religious, and educational structures, with a building and building content value estimated at $1.9 trillion. Overall, 7.3 % of residential structures in the USA were found within the WUI with wildfire activity; however, for some states, this number was as high as 25.4 %. C1 [Thomas, Douglas S.; Butry, David T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Appl Econ Off, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Thomas, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Appl Econ Off, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM douglas.thomas@nist.gov; david.butry@nist.gov NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD APR PY 2014 VL 71 IS 3 BP 1561 EP 1585 DI 10.1007/s11069-013-0965-7 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA AB8FJ UT WOS:000332025200016 ER PT J AU Harris, DG Sullivan, F Beichl, I AF Harris, David G. Sullivan, Francis Beichl, Isabel TI Fast Sequential Importance Sampling to Estimate the Graph Reliability Polynomial SO ALGORITHMICA LA English DT Article DE Reliability polynomial; Graph; Fully-polynomial relative approximation scheme; fpras; Network reliability; Sequential importance sampling; On-line algorithm; Incremental algorithm ID ALGORITHMS AB The reliability polynomial of a graph counts its connected subgraphs of various sizes. Algorithms based on sequential importance sampling (SIS) have been proposed to estimate a graph's reliability polynomial. We develop an improved SIS algorithm for estimating the reliability polynomial. The new algorithm runs in expected time O(mlogn alpha(m,n)) at worst and a parts per thousand m in practice, compared to I similar to(m (2)) for the previous algorithm. We analyze the error bounds of this algorithm, including comparison to alternative estimation algorithms. In addition to the theoretical analysis, we discuss methods for estimating the variance and describe experimental results on a variety of random graphs. C1 [Harris, David G.] US Dept Def, Washington, DC 20305 USA. [Sullivan, Francis] IDA Ctr Comp Sci, Bowie, MD USA. [Beichl, Isabel] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Harris, DG (reprint author), US Dept Def, Washington, DC 20305 USA. EM davidgharris29@hotmail.com NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-4617 EI 1432-0541 J9 ALGORITHMICA JI Algorithmica PD APR PY 2014 VL 68 IS 4 BP 916 EP 939 DI 10.1007/s00453-012-9703-x PG 24 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA AB2TR UT WOS:000331645500005 ER PT J AU Kim, W Cao, CY Liang, SL AF Kim, Wonkook Cao, Changyong Liang, Shunlin TI Assessment of Radiometric Degradation of FY-3A MERSI Reflective Solar Bands Using TOA Reflectance of Pseudoinvariant Calibration Sites SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE FeungYun-3A (FY-3A); MEdium-Resolution Spectral Imager (MERSI); pseudoinvariant calibration sites; vicarious calibration (VC) ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; SENSORS; MODELS AB Radiometric sensor calibration is critical for quantitative use of the data obtained from the FeungYun-3A MEdium-Resolution Spectral Imager (MERSI) sensor. To meet the required calibration criteria, several vicarious calibration (VC) techniques are being employed in the current operational calibration of MERSI. This letter presents the independent results of sensor degradation assessment which were obtained directly from sequences of top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance from calibration sites. The absolute calibration approaches and the desert tracking approach used in the current operational process involve a radiative transfer model (RTM) when simulating the reference TOA reflectance. However, collecting synchronous in situ measurements for an RTM is usually expensive and time consuming, thus greatly limiting the frequency of such calibration processes. The direct approach developed in this study is an efficient and complementary VC technique that can increase the reliability of VC results in concert with other techniques. TOA reflectance measurements from three pseudoinvariant calibration sites are used to estimate sensor degradation rates. The results are compared with those obtained by other operational methods such as the multisite and the deep convective cloud tracking methods. The direct approach is consistent across the three calibration sites, producing degradation estimates comparable to those of the two other operational methods, suggesting the effectiveness of the direct approach for the MERSI radiometric sensor calibration. C1 [Kim, Wonkook; Liang, Shunlin] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kim, Wonkook] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Korea Ocean Satellite Ctr, Ansan 426744, South Korea. [Cao, Changyong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Kim, W (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM wonkook@umd.edu; changyong.cao@noaa.gov; sliang@umd.edu RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; liang, shunlin/C-2809-2015 FU Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Series calibration funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX09AN36G]; Research for applications of Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) project; Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries of Korea FX This work was supported in part by Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Series calibration funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Award NNX09AN36G and in part by the Research for applications of Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) project funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries of Korea. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD APR PY 2014 VL 11 IS 4 BP 793 EP 797 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2013.2279134 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AC0KP UT WOS:000332183500016 ER PT J AU Abdulagatov, IM Azizov, ND AF Abdulagatov, I. M. Azizov, N. D. TI Experimental study of the density and derived volumetric (excess, apparent, and partial molar volumes) properties of aqueous 1-propanol mixtures at temperatures from 298K to 582K and pressures up to 40MPa SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Apparent molar volumes; Aqueous solutions; Constant-volume piezometer; Density; Excess molar volumes; Partial molar volume; 1-Propanol; Water ID HEAT-CAPACITIES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ORGANIC SOLUTES; 30 MPA; 573 K; WATER; ALCOHOLS; ELECTROLYTES; ALKANOLS; COMPRESSIBILITIES AB Densities of (water + 1-propanol) mixtures have been measured over the temperature range from 298 K to 582 K and at pressures up to 40 MPa using the constant-volume piezometer immersed in a precision liquid thermostat. The measurements were made for six compositions of (0.869, 2.465, 2.531, 7.407, 14.377, and 56.348) mol . kg(-1) of 1-propanol. The expanded uncertainty of the density, pressure, temperature, and concentration measurements at the 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 is estimated to be 0.06%, 0.05%, 15 mK, and 0.015%, respectively. The derived volumetric properties such as excess (V-m(E)), apparent (V-Phi), and partial ((V) over bar (infinity)(2)) molar volumes were calculated using the measured values of density for the mixture and for pure components (water and 1-propanol). The concentration dependences of the apparent molar volumes were extrapolated to zero concentration to yield the partial molar volumes of 1-propanol at infinite dilution ((V) over bar (infinity)(2)). The temperature, pressure, and concentration dependence of density and derived properties of the mixture were studied. All experimental and derived properties (excess, apparent, and partial molar volumes) were compared with the reported data by other authors. The small and negative values of excess molar volume for the mixtures were found at all experimental temperatures, pressures, and over the entire concentration range. The excess molar volume minimum is found at concentration about 0.4 mole fraction of 1-propanol. The concentration minimum of the derived apparent molar volumes VU near the 2.5 mol . kg(-1) (dilute mixture) was observed. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Abdulagatov, I. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Geothermal Res Inst, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia. [Azizov, N. D.] Azerbaijan State Oil Acad, Baku 370601, Azerbaijan. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 EI 1096-3626 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD APR PY 2014 VL 71 BP 155 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2013.11.036 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 302BJ UT WOS:000330576000020 ER PT J AU Macneale, KH Spromberg, JA Baldwin, DH Scholz, NL AF Macneale, Kate H. Spromberg, Julann A. Baldwin, David H. Scholz, Nathaniel L. TI A Modeled Comparison of Direct and Food Web-Mediated Impacts of Common Pesticides on Pacific Salmon SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY RESPONSE; ARTIFICIAL STREAM SYSTEM; CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; BEHAVIORAL IMPAIRMENT; CERIODAPHNIA-DUBIA; POPULATION-LEVEL; HEADWATER STREAM; ATLANTIC SALMON; RISK-ASSESSMENT AB In the western United States, pesticides used in agricultural and urban areas are often detected in streams and rivers that support threatened and endangered Pacific salmon. Although concentrations are rarely high enough to cause direct salmon mortality, they can reach levels sufficient to impair juvenile feeding behavior and limit macroinvertebrate prey abundance. This raises the possibility of direct adverse effects on juvenile salmon health in tandem with indirect effects on salmon growth as a consequence of reduced prey abundance. We modeled the growth of ocean-type Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) at the individual and population scales, investigating insecticides that differ in how long they impair salmon feeding behavior and in how toxic they are to salmon compared to macroinvertebrates. The relative importance of these direct vs. indirect effects depends both on how quickly salmon can recover and on the relative toxicity of an insecticide to salmon and their prey. Model simulations indicate that when exposed to a long-acting organophosphate insecticide that is highly toxic to salmon and invertebrates (e. g., chlorpyrifos), the long-lasting effect on salmon feeding behavior drives the reduction in salmon population growth with reductions in prey abundance having little additional impact. When exposed to short-acting carbamate insecticides at concentrations that salmon recover from quickly but are lethal to invertebrates (e. g., carbaryl), the impacts on salmon populations are due primarily to reductions in their prey. For pesticides like carbaryl, prey sensitivity and how quickly the prey community can recover are particularly important in determining the magnitude of impact on their predators. In considering both indirect and direct effects, we develop a better understanding of potential impacts of a chemical stressor on an endangered species and identify data gaps (e.g., prey recovery rates) that contribute uncertainty to these assessments. C1 [Macneale, Kate H.; Spromberg, Julann A.; Baldwin, David H.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Macneale, KH (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Kate.Macneale@gmail.com OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration provided funding for the work. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 33 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 31 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR e92436 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0092436 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AN8GP UT WOS:000340842300001 PM 24686837 ER PT J AU Castellote, M Clark, CW Lammers, MO AF Castellote, Manuel Clark, Christopher W. Lammers, Marc O. TI Dispersal of North Atlantic fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) into the Mediterranean Sea and exchange between populations: Response to Gimenez et al., Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2013, 27, 1801-1806 SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Letter ID CETACEANS C1 [Castellote, Manuel] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Psicobiol, UCM Grp Study Anim & Human Behav Gecah, Madrid 28223, Spain. [Castellote, Manuel] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Clark, Christopher W.] Cornell Lab Ornithol, Bioacoust Res Program, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Lammers, Marc O.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Lammers, Marc O.] Oceanwide Sci Inst, Honolulu, HI 96744 USA. RP Castellote, M (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand PointWay NE F-AKC3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM manuel.castellote@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD MAR 30 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 6 BP 665 EP 667 DI 10.1002/rcm.6819 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA AA3EQ UT WOS:000330976100012 PM 24519830 ER PT J AU Volkov, DL AF Volkov, Denis L. TI Do the North Atlantic winds drive the nonseasonal variability of the Arctic Ocean sea level? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Arctic Ocean; sea level; satellite altimetry; GRACE; North Atlantic; nonseasonal variability ID GRACE; PATTERNS; SYSTEM AB The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites have observed coherent and nearly uniform nonseasonal fluctuations of bottom pressure throughout the Arctic Ocean and the Nordic Seas. Strong correlation between the nonseasonal GRACE and satellite altimetry data is found in the Nordic and Barents Seas, which suggests a possibility of using the longer altimetry records in these areas as a proxy for the nonseasonal sea level variability over the entire Arctic. This study identifies the dominant pattern of the nonseasonal atmospheric pressure variability that drives strong zonal wind anomalies over the northeastern North Atlantic associated with the nonseasonal sea level anomalies in the Nordic Seas. Our results show that wind-driven northward Ekman transport anomalies in the northeastern North Atlantic may induce coherent changes of sea level across the entire Arctic Ocean. Key Points Nordic Seas sea level is largely mass related and coherent with Arctic sea level Nonseasonal sea level variability is related to northeast Atlantic winds Zonal wind drives northward Ekman transport and impacts Arctic sea level C1 [Volkov, Denis L.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Volkov, Denis L.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Volkov, DL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. EM Denis.Volkov@noaa.gov RI Volkov, Denis/A-6079-2011 OI Volkov, Denis/0000-0002-9290-0502 FU NASA MEASURES Program; NASA Physical Oceanography program [NNX11AE27G] FX The GRACE ocean data were processed by Don P. Chambers, supported by the NASA MEASURES Program (http://grace.jpl.nasa.gov). The SSH data were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by Aviso (www.aviso.oceanobs.com) with support from CNES. This research was funded by the NASA Physical Oceanography program (grant NNX11AE27G) and carried out at the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. The author thanks Sang-Ki Lee, Elizabeth Johns, Cecilia Peralta-Ferriz, the Editor, and an anonymous reviewer for reviewing the paper and providing their comments and suggestions. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 6 BP 2041 EP 2047 DI 10.1002/2013GL059065 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AE8PX UT WOS:000334264900031 ER PT J AU Arab, A Jackson, MC Kongoli, C AF Arab, Ali Jackson, Monica C. Kongoli, Cezar TI Modelling the effects of weather and climate on malaria distributions in West Africa SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IMPACT AB Background: Malaria is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. There is currently conflicting data and interpretation on how variability in climate factors affects the incidence of malaria. This study presents a hierarchical Bayesian modelling framework for the analysis of malaria versus climate factors in West Africa. Methods: The hierarchical Bayesian framework takes into account spatiotemporal dependencies, and in this paper is applied to annual malaria and climate data from ten West African countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Liberia, Mali, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo) during the period 1996-2006. Results: Results show a statistically significant correspondence between malaria rates and the climate variables considered. The two most important climate factors are found to be average annual temperature and total annual precipitation, and they show negative association with malaria incidence. Conclusions: This modelling framework provides a useful approach for studying the impact of climate variability on the spread of malaria and may help to resolve some conflicting interpretations in the literature. C1 [Arab, Ali] Georgetown Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Jackson, Monica C.] Amer Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Kongoli, Cezar] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kongoli, Cezar] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD USA. RP Arab, A (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM aa577@georgetown.edu FU Georgetown University FX We thank Professor Paul Roepe from Georgetown University, Department of Chemistry for encouragement and help on the topic. Arab's research was partially supported by a Georgetown University Junior Faculty Research Fellowship. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 19 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD MAR 28 PY 2014 VL 13 AR 126 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-13-126 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA AF6EX UT WOS:000334808300004 PM 24678602 ER PT J AU Popescu, A Haney, PM AF Popescu, Adrian Haney, Paul M. TI Interface scattering in polycrystalline thermoelectrics SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; LATTICE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; PHONON TRANSPORT; BULK; RESISTANCE; SILICON; FIGURE; MERIT; NANOSTRUCTURES; COMPOSITES AB We study the effect of electron and phonon interface scattering on the thermoelectric properties of disordered, polycrystalline materials (with grain sizes larger than electron and phonons' mean free path). Interface scattering of electrons is treated with a Landauer approach, while that of phonons is treated with the diffuse mismatch model. The interface scattering is embedded within a diffusive model of bulk transport, and we show that, for randomly arranged interfaces, the overall system is well described by effective medium theory. Using bulk parameters similar to those of PbTe and a square barrier potential for the interface electron scattering, we identify the interface scattering parameters for which the figure of merit ZT is increased. We find the electronic scattering is generally detrimental due to a reduction in electrical conductivity; however, for sufficiently weak electronic interface scattering, ZT is enhanced due to phonon interface scattering. C1 [Popescu, Adrian; Haney, Paul M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Popescu, Adrian] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Popescu, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Popescu, Adrian/E-7305-2010 FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology [70NANB10H193] FX A.P. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 28 PY 2014 VL 115 IS 12 AR 123701 DI 10.1063/1.4869259 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AE3TP UT WOS:000333901100033 ER PT J AU Usselman, RJ Hill, I Singel, DJ Martino, CF AF Usselman, Robert J. Hill, Iain Singel, David J. Martino, Carlos F. TI Spin Biochemistry Modulates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production by Radio Frequency Magnetic Fields SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PAIR MECHANISM; NADPH OXIDASES; SMOOTH-MUSCLE; MAGNETORECEPTION; SUPEROXIDE; ACTIVATION; BIOLOGY AB The effects of weak magnetic fields on the biological production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from intracellular superoxide (O-2(center dot-)) and extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were investigated in vitro with rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (rPASMC). A decrease in O-2(center dot-) and an increase in H2O2 concentrations were observed in the presence of a 7 MHz radio frequency (RF) at 10 mu T-RMS and static 45 mu T magnetic fields. We propose that O-2(center dot-) and H2O2 production in some metabolic processes occur through singlet-triplet modulation of semiquinone flavin (FADH(center dot)) enzymes and O-2(center dot-) spin-correlated radical pairs. Spin-radical pair products are modulated by the 7 MHz RF magnetic fields that presumably decouple flavin hyperfine interactions during spin coherence. RF flavin hyperfine decoupling results in an increase of H2O2 singlet state products, which creates cellular oxidative stress and acts as a secondary messenger that affects cellular proliferation. This study demonstrates the interplay between O-2(center dot-) and H2O2 production when influenced by RF magnetic fields and underscores the subtle effects of low-frequency magnetic fields on oxidative metabolism, ROS signaling, and cellular growth. C1 [Usselman, Robert J.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Singel, David J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Hill, Iain; Martino, Carlos F.] Univ Nevada, Dept Mech Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Usselman, RJ (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM robert.usselman@gmail.com; cmartino@unr.edu RI Martino, Carlos/C-6597-2016 OI Martino, Carlos/0000-0002-0560-2604 FU United States government FX This work was partially supported by the United States government but is not protected by US copyright. No additional external funding was received for this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 68 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 32 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 28 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR e93065 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0093065 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AE0TC UT WOS:000333678100023 PM 24681944 ER PT J AU Gigault, J Zhang, W Lespes, G Charleux, B Grassl, B AF Gigault, Julien Zhang, Wenjing Lespes, Gaetane Charleux, Bernadette Grassl, Bruno TI Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation analysis of water suspensions of polymer nanofibers synthesized via RAFT-mediated emulsion polymerization SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Controlled/living radical polymerization; Asymmetric flow field flow fractionation; Nanofiber; Length; Aggregation ID DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; AMPHIPHILIC BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; DILUTE-SOLUTION; NANO-OBJECTS; MICELLES; SEPARATION; PARTICLES; DISPERSION AB The aim of this work is to present a method based on asymmetric flow-field-flow-fractionation coupled on-line to a static light scattering (AF4-UV-SLS) detector to characterize self-assembled nanofibers (NFs). The method developed herein allows the determination of both the length distribution of the NFs as well as the distribution in terms of aggregation number per unit length (A(gg)). Given the remaining synthetic challenges of better controlling the structural homogeneity and particle dimensions, the NF length and aggregation number per unit length are becoming essential for the improvement and control of their chemical processes and a better understanding of their properties. The results obtained with this AF4-UV-SLS method indicate that a well-resolved NF length distribution characterization and Agg determination were attained. These results provide critical information concerning the physical properties of the investigated NFs and open the door to the characterization of new self-assembled polymers with various asymmetrical architectures. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lespes, Gaetane; Grassl, Bruno] UPPA, CNRS Technopole Helioparc, UMR IPREM UPPA 5254, Lab Chim Anal BioInorgan & Environm, F-64053 Pau, France. [Zhang, Wenjing; Charleux, Bernadette] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE Lyon, UMR 5265, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France. [Gigault, Julien] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Grassl, B (reprint author), UPPA, CNRS Technopole Helioparc, UMR IPREM UPPA 5254, Lab Chim Anal BioInorgan & Environm, Av President Angot, F-64053 Pau, France. EM bruno.grassl@univ-pau.fr OI Grassl, Bruno/0000-0002-1554-1411 NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 EI 1873-4324 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD MAR 28 PY 2014 VL 819 BP 116 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2014.02.011 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AD1BJ UT WOS:000332968500015 PM 24636419 ER PT J AU Clark, CR Chou, CW Ellis, AR Hunker, J Kemme, SA Maunz, P Tabakov, B Tigges, C Stick, DL AF Clark, Craig R. Chou, Chin-wen Ellis, A. R. Hunker, Jeff Kemme, Shanalyn A. Maunz, Peter Tabakov, Boyan Tigges, Chris Stick, Daniel L. TI Characterization of Fluorescence Collection Optics Integrated with a Microfabricated Surface Electrode Ion Trap SO PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED LA English DT Article AB We demonstrate and characterize a scalable optical subsystem for detecting ion qubit states in a surface electrode ion trap. An array of lithographically fabricated diffractive lenses located below the plane of the trap images ions at multiple locations, relaying the collected light out of the vacuum chamber through multimode fibers. The lenses are designed with solid angle collection efficiencies of 3.58%; with all losses included, a detection efficiency of 0.388% is measured. We measure a minimal effect of the dielectric optical substrate on the temporal variation of stray electric fields and the motional heating rate of the ion. C1 [Clark, Craig R.; Ellis, A. R.; Hunker, Jeff; Kemme, Shanalyn A.; Maunz, Peter; Tabakov, Boyan; Tigges, Chris; Stick, Daniel L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Tabakov, Boyan; Stick, Daniel L.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr Quantum Informat & Control, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Chou, Chin-wen] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Clark, CR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA); U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We acknowledge and thank Robert Boye for many helpful discussions and M. G. Blain, Joel Wendt, Sally Samora, and the entire fabrication team for providing us with the trap and optics. We also thank Greg Brady for the optical design. This work was supported by the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA). Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2331-7019 J9 PHYS REV APPL JI Phys. Rev. Appl. PD MAR 27 PY 2014 VL 1 IS 2 AR 024004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.1.024004 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AS5QN UT WOS:000344325000005 ER PT J AU Mazur, V Ruhnke, LH AF Mazur, Vladislav Ruhnke, Lothar H. TI The physical processes of current cutoff in lightning leaders SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELDS; AIR; CHANNEL; MODEL; BEHAVIOR; COLUMN AB Current cutoff in lightning channels, which takes place in the development of both intracloud and cloud-to-ground flashes, is still poorly understood. A new evaluation of the conditions leading to current cutoff, and also of the two existing hypotheses of the cutoff mechanism, is the main objective of the paper. We reviewed the literature with results of measurements and modeling of free-burning arcs in a laboratory (the closest analogs of lightning leaders) focusing on the relationship between the internal electric field and current. This relationship governs the leader's behavior in the current cutoff. In our analysis of the mechanisms leading to current cutoff, we identify the two types of current cutoff in lightning channels: the current cutoff in a single, unbranched leader channel, which occurs as the result of reaching the threshold conditions for leader propagation; and the current cutoff in branched leaders, when screening by the leader branches alters the ambient electrical environment, thus diminishing the leader current and causing cutoff at a branching point or at the base of the straight channel that preceded branching. We advance the electrostatic model of the screening effect of branching on current cutoff, introduced by Mazur and Ruhnke (1993), and we provide the evidence of this mechanism from lightning observations. We also critically evaluate the concept of lightning-channel instability, proposed by Heckman (1992), as a suggested mechanism leading to current cutoff. We show that the fundamentals of this concept and therefore the concept in its entirety are invalid. C1 [Mazur, Vladislav] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Ruhnke, Lothar H.] Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Mazur, V (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM vlad.mazur@noaa.gov FU FAA grant FX The authors acknowledge partial support of this work from an FAA grant to the National Severe Storms Laboratory and are grateful, as always, to Marijo Hennagin-Mazur for her invaluable help with the editing of this paper. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 6 BP 2796 EP 2810 DI 10.1002/2013JD020494 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH3SV UT WOS:000336046600007 ER PT J AU Fong, WC Lu, X Chu, XZ Fuller-Rowell, TJ Yu, ZB Roberts, BR Chen, C Gardner, CS McDonald, AJ AF Fong, Weichun Lu, Xian Chu, Xinzhao Fuller-Rowell, Tim J. Yu, Zhibin Roberts, Brendan R. Chen, Cao Gardner, Chester S. McDonald, Adrian J. TI Winter temperature tides from 30 to 110 km at McMurdo (77.8 degrees S, 166.7 degrees E), Antarctica: Lidar observations and comparisons with WAM SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; WAVE MOMENTUM FLUX; LOWER THERMOSPHERE; SEMIDIURNAL TIDE; SOUTH-POLE; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; 12-HOUR OSCILLATION; MESOPAUSE REGION; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; PLANETARY-WAVES AB We provide the first characterization of diurnal and semidiurnal thermal tides in temperature from 30 to 110 km in the winter season (May through August) at McMurdo (77.8 degrees S, 166.7 degrees E), Antarctica. The observations were made with an Fe Boltzmann temperature lidar in 2011 and 2012. Over 330 h of winter data are compiled into a composite day of temperature perturbations that significantly reduce the incoherent wave effects while preserving the coherent tidal signatures. Both diurnal and semidiurnal tides have small amplitudes (less than 3 K) below 100 km with vertical wavelengths of similar to 29 and similar to 23 km, respectively. A new finding of this study is the fast growth of diurnal and semidiurnal tidal amplitudes above 100 km to at least 15 K near 110 km, exceeding that of the freely propagating tides originating from the lower atmosphere. Such fast growth exists for all Kp index cases and diurnal amplitude increases to 15-30 K at 110 km with larger Kp indices corresponding to larger tidal amplitudes and faster growth rates. The slopes of diurnal tidal phases become steeper above 100 km, and the tidal phases barely change with altitude from 100 to 106 km. The tidal growth behavior is reproduced in the Whole Atmosphere Model (WAM) with phases comparable to the observations but magnitudes significantly underestimated. WAM compares reasonably well with the observations below 100 km. The observed significant amplitude increases and phase structure changes suggest additional tidal sources near or above 100 km, which deserve future investigation. C1 [Fong, Weichun; Lu, Xian; Chu, Xinzhao; Fuller-Rowell, Tim J.; Yu, Zhibin; Roberts, Brendan R.; Chen, Cao] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fong, Weichun; Chu, Xinzhao; Yu, Zhibin; Roberts, Brendan R.; Chen, Cao] Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Fuller-Rowell, Tim J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Gardner, Chester S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL USA. [McDonald, Adrian J.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. RP Chu, XZ (reprint author), Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Weichun.Fong@colorado.edu; Xinzhao.Chu@colorado.edu RI Lu, Xian/A-2980-2015; Chu, Xinzhao/I-5670-2015; Chen, Cao /D-9851-2016 OI Lu, Xian/0000-0002-2535-8151; Chu, Xinzhao/0000-0001-6147-1963; Chen, Cao /0000-0002-7780-2787 FU NSF [ANT-0839091, PLR-1246405]; CIRES FX We sincerely acknowledge Wentao Huang, John A. Smith, and Zhangjun Wang for their contributions to the McMurdo lidar campaign. We are indebted to Jeffery M. Forbes for his invaluable advice. We are grateful to Wenbin Wang and Elsayed Talaat for their inspirational suggestions. We also appreciate Fei Wu and Rashid A. Akmaev for running and preparing WAM data. We thank the staff of the United States Antarctic Program, McMurdo Station, Antarctica New Zealand, and Scott Base for their support. We offer special thanks to Vladimir Papitashvili for his encouragement and help in this research. The lidar project was supported by NSF grants ANT-0839091 and PLR-1246405. X. L. sincerely acknowledges the generous support of the CIRES Visiting Fellows Program (http://cires.colorado.edu/collaboration/fellowships/). MERRA data used in this study were provided by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center through the NASA GES DISC online archive. NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 6 BP 2846 EP 2863 DI 10.1002/2013JD020784 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH3SV UT WOS:000336046600010 ER PT J AU Xia, YL Ek, MB Peters-Lidard, CD Mocko, D Svoboda, M Sheffield, J Wood, EF AF Xia, Youlong Ek, Michael B. Peters-Lidard, Christa D. Mocko, David Svoboda, Mark Sheffield, Justin Wood, Eric F. TI Application of USDM statistics in NLDAS-2: Optimal blended NLDAS drought index over the continental United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATION; 20TH-CENTURY DROUGHT; SEVERITY INDEX; MODEL; INVERSION; MONITOR AB This study performs three experiments to calibrate the drought area percentages in the continental United States (CONUS), six U. S. Drought Monitor (USDM) regions, and 48 states downloaded from the USDM archive website. The corresponding three experiments are named CONUS, Region, and State, respectively. The data sets used in these experiments are from the North American Land Data Assimilation System Phase 2 (NLDAS-2). The main purpose is to develop an automated USDM-based approach to objectively generate and reconstruct USDM-style drought maps using NLDAS-2 data by mimicking 10 year (2000-2009) USDM statistics. The results show that State and Region have larger correlation coefficients and smaller root-mean-square error (RMSE) and bias than CONUS when compared to the drought area percentages derived from the USDM, indicating that State and Region perform better than CONUS. In general, State marginally outperforms Region in terms of RMSE, bias, and correlation. Analysis of normalized optimal weight coefficients shows that soil moisture percentiles (top 1m and total column) play the dominant role in most of the 48 states. The optimal blended NLDAS drought index (OBNDI) has higher simulation skills (correlation coefficient and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency) in the South, Southeast, High Plains, and Midwest regions when compared to those in the West and Northeast. The highest simulation skills appear in TX and OK. By using optimal equations, we can reconstruct the long-term drought area percentages and OBNDI over the continental United States for the entire period of the NLDAS-2 data sets (January 1979 to present). C1 [Xia, Youlong; Ek, Michael B.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Xia, Youlong] NCEP, EMC, IMSG, College Pk, MD USA. [Peters-Lidard, Christa D.; Mocko, David] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mocko, David] SAIC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Svoboda, Mark] Univ Nebraska, Natl Drought Mitigat Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. [Sheffield, Justin; Wood, Eric F.] Princeton Univ, Dept Environm & Civil Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Xia, YL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. EM Youlong.Xia@noaa.gov RI Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012 OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876 FU Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections (MAPP) Program within NOAA's Climate Program Office FX The NLDAS project is sponsored by the Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections (MAPP) Program within NOAA's Climate Program Office. The authors thank Weizheng Zhen, Helin Wei, and three anonymous reviewers whose edits and comments greatly improved the quality and readability of this manuscript. Y.X. also thanks Kingtse Mo from Climate Prediction Center who helped compute spi3 and spi6. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 6 BP 2947 EP 2965 DI 10.1002/2013JD020994 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH3SV UT WOS:000336046600015 ER PT J AU Komurcu, M Storelvmo, T Tan, I Lohmann, U Yun, YX Penner, JE Wang, Y Liu, XH Takemura, T AF Komurcu, Muge Storelvmo, Trude Tan, Ivy Lohmann, Ulrike Yun, Yuxing Penner, Joyce E. Wang, Yong Liu, Xiaohong Takemura, Toshihiko TI Intercomparison of the cloud water phase among global climate models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS ICE NUCLEATION; COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; AEROSOL PROPERTIES; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; VERSION-3 CAM3; SATELLITE DATA; MICROPHYSICS; SENSITIVITY; SIMULATION AB Mixed-phase clouds (clouds that consist of both cloud droplets and ice crystals) are frequently present in the Earth's atmosphere and influence the Earth's energy budget through their radiative properties, which are highly dependent on the cloud water phase. In this study, the phase partitioning of cloud water is compared among six global climate models (GCMs) and with Cloud and Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization retrievals. It is found that the GCMs predict vastly different distributions of cloud phase for a given temperature, and none of them are capable of reproducing the spatial distribution or magnitude of the observed phase partitioning. While some GCMs produced liquid water paths comparable to satellite observations, they all failed to preserve sufficient liquid water at mixed-phase cloud temperatures. Our results suggest that validating GCMs using only the vertically integrated water contents could lead to amplified differences in cloud radiative feedback. The sensitivity of the simulated cloud phase in GCMs to the choice of heterogeneous ice nucleation parameterization is also investigated. The response to a change in ice nucleation is quite different for each GCM, and the implementation of the same ice nucleation parameterization in all models does not reduce the spread in simulated phase among GCMs. The results suggest that processes subsequent to ice nucleation are at least as important in determining phase and should be the focus of future studies aimed at understanding and reducing differences among the models. C1 [Komurcu, Muge; Storelvmo, Trude; Tan, Ivy] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Lohmann, Ulrike] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Yun, Yuxing; Penner, Joyce E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Yun, Yuxing] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Wang, Yong; Liu, Xiaohong] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Wang, Yong; Liu, Xiaohong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Takemura, Toshihiko] Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Fukuoka 812, Japan. RP Komurcu, M (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM mugekomurcu@gmail.com RI Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Lohmann, Ulrike/B-6153-2009; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; OI Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Lohmann, Ulrike/0000-0001-8885-3785; Komurcu, Muge/0000-0001-5313-2785 FU DOE's Office of Science/Biological and Environmental Research, through Earth System Modeling Program; DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; Funding Program for Next Generation World-Leading Researchers of the Cabinet Office, Government of Japan [GR079]; BACCHUS EU FP7-603445 project FX M. Komurcu would like to acknowledge David M. Winker, Steven Platnick, and Robert Pincus for treasured discussions regarding the uncertainties in satellite retrievals and Eugene E. Clothiaux and Jerry Y. Harrington for providing valuable comments on the influence of crystal habit in retrieval algorithms. This work was supported in part by the facilities and staff of the Yale University Faculty of Arts and Sciences High Performance Computing Center. X. Liu and Y. Wang thank the support by the DOE's Office of Science/Biological and Environmental Research, through Earth System Modeling Program. PNNL is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. T. Takemura is supported by the Funding Program for Next Generation World-Leading Researchers of the Cabinet Office, Government of Japan (GR079). U. Lohmann would like to acknowledge support from the BACCHUS EU FP7-603445 project. We also would like to thank the anonymous reviewers, whose valuable comments helped to clarify and improve the paper. Satellite retrievals used in this study and described in section 2 are available online. CALIOP retrievals can be downloaded from https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/order-data. NCEP Reanalysis-2 products are available online at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis2.pressure .html. MODIS LWP and IWP data products are available online at http://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/data/search.html. CloudSat IWP products are available online at http://www.cloudsat.cira.colostate.edu. ISCCP LWPand IWP products are available online from different providers listed in the project description website: http://isccp.giss.nasa.gov/products/obtaining.html NR 82 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 6 BP 3372 EP 3400 DI 10.1002/2013JD021119 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH3SV UT WOS:000336046600040 ER PT J AU Zhang, HF Chen, BZ van der Laan-Luijkx, IT Chen, J Xu, G Yan, JW Zhou, LX Fukuyama, Y Tans, PP Peters, W AF Zhang, H. F. Chen, B. Z. van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T. Chen, J. Xu, G. Yan, J. W. Zhou, L. X. Fukuyama, Y. Tans, P. P. Peters, W. TI Net terrestrial CO2 exchange over China during 2001-2010 estimated with an ensemble data assimilation system for atmospheric CO2 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; FLUX INVERSION; NORTH-AMERICA; ECOSYSTEMS; SINKS; TRANSPORT; SURFACE; TEMPERATURE; FORESTS; TRENDS AB In this paper we present an estimate of net ecosystem CO2 exchange over China for the years 2001-2010 using the CarbonTracker Data Assimilation System for CO2 (CTDAS). Additional Chinese and Asian CO2 observations are used in CTDAS to improve our estimate. We found that the combined terrestrial ecosystems in China absorbed about -0.33 Pg C yr(-1) during 2001-2010. The uncertainty on Chinese terrestrial carbon exchange estimates as derived from a set of sensitivity experiments suggests a range of -0.29 to -0.64 Pg C yr(-1). This total Chinese terrestrial CO2 sink is attributed to the three major biomes (forests, croplands, and grass/shrublands) with estimated CO2 fluxes of -0.12 Pg C yr(-1) (range from -0.09 to -0.19 Pg C yr(-1)), -0.12 Pg C yr(-1) (range from -0.09 to -0.26 Pg C yr(-1)), and -0.09 Pg C yr(-1) (range from -0.09 to -0.17 Pg C yr(-1)), respectively. The peak-to-peak amplitude of interannual variability of the Chinese terrestrial ecosystem carbon flux is 0.21 Pg C yr(-1) (similar to 64% of mean annual average), with the smallest CO2 sink (-0.19 Pg C yr(-1)) in 2003 and the largest CO2 sink (-0.40 Pg C yr(-1)) in 2007. We stress that our estimate of terrestrial ecosystem CO2 uptake based on inverse modeling strongly depends on a limited number of atmospheric CO2 observations used. More observations in China specifically and in Asia in general are needed to improve the accuracy of terrestrial carbon budgeting for this region. C1 [Zhang, H. F.; Chen, B. Z.; Chen, J.; Xu, G.; Yan, J. W.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, H. F.; Xu, G.; Yan, J. W.] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T.; Peters, W.] Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. [Zhou, L. X.] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Res Inst Atmospher Composit, China Meteorol Adm, Key Lab Atmospher Chem, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Fukuyama, Y.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Div Atmospher Environm, Tokyo, Japan. [Tans, P. P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Peters, W.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res, Groningen, Netherlands. RP Chen, BZ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM baozhang.chen@igsnrr.ac.cn; chenjinn@hotmail.com RI Peters, Wouter/B-8305-2008; van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid/G-9169-2011 OI Peters, Wouter/0000-0001-8166-2070; van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid/0000-0002-3990-6737 FU Strategic Priority Research Program "Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Related Issues" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA05040403]; National High Technology Research and Development Program of China [2013AA122002]; National Science Foundation of China [41071059, 41271116]; Research Plan of LREIS, CAS [O88RA900KA]; Key Project for the Strategic Science Plan in IGSNRR, CAS [2012ZD010]; Chinese Academy of Sciences; NWO VIDI grant [864.08.012]; China Exchange Program project [12CDP006]; European Union [283080] FX The data for this paper are available at (http://www.carbontracker.net/) (under construction) or you can contact baozhang.chen@igsnrr.ac.cn for the data FTP access. We kindly acknowledge all atmospheric data providers to the ObsPack version 1.0.2, including the NOAA Cooperative Air Sampling network and those that contribute their data to WDCGG. This research was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program "Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Related Issues" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant XDA05040403), the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (grant 2013AA122002), the research grants (41071059 and 41271116) funded by the National Science Foundation of China, a Research Plan of LREIS (O88RA900KA), CAS, a research grant (2012ZD010) of Key Project for the Strategic Science Plan in IGSNRR, CAS, and "One Hundred Talents" program funded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. W. Peters was supported by an NWO VIDI grant (864.08.012) and the Chinese-Dutch collaboration was funded by the China Exchange Program project (12CDP006). I. T. van der Laan-Luijkx has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement 283080, project GEOCARBON. NR 75 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 6 BP 3500 EP 3515 DI 10.1002/2013JD021297 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH3SV UT WOS:000336046600047 ER PT J AU Kelly, JT Baker, KR Nowak, JB Murphy, JG Markovic, MZ VandenBoer, TC Ellis, RA Neuman, JA Weber, RJ Roberts, JM Veres, PR de Gouw, JA Beaver, MR Newman, S Misenis, C AF Kelly, James T. Baker, Kirk R. Nowak, John B. Murphy, Jennifer G. Markovic, Milos Z. VandenBoer, Trevor C. Ellis, Raluca A. Neuman, J. Andrew Weber, Rodney J. Roberts, James M. Veres, Patrick R. de Gouw, Joost A. Beaver, Melinda R. Newman, Sally Misenis, Chris TI Fine-scale simulation of ammonium and nitrate over the South Coast Air Basin and San Joaquin Valley of California during CalNex-2010 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PARTICLE-SIZE; MODEL; AEROSOL; QUALITY; SURFACE AB National ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) have been set for PM2.5 due to its association with adverse health effects. PM2.5 design values in the South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) and San Joaquin Valley of California exceed NAAQS levels, and NH4+ and NO3- make up the largest fraction of total PM2.5 mass on polluted days. Here we evaluate fine-scale simulations of PM2.5 NH4+ and NO3- with the Community Multiscale Air Quality model using measurements from routine networks and the California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change 2010 campaign. The model correctly simulates broad spatial patterns of NH4+ and NO3- including the elevated concentrations in eastern SoCAB. However, areas for model improvement have been identified. NH3 emissions from livestock and dairy facilities appear to be too low, while those related to waste disposal in western SoCAB may be too high. Analyses using measurements from flights over SoCAB suggest that problems with NH3 predictions can influence NO3- predictions there. Offline ISORROPIA II calculations suggest that overpredictions of NHx in Pasadena cause excessive partitioning of total nitrate to the particle phase overnight, while underpredictions of Na+ cause too much partitioning to the gas phase during the day. Also, the model seems to underestimate mixing during the evening boundary layer transition leading to excessive nitrate formation on some nights. Overall, the analyses demonstrate fine-scale variations in model performance within and across the air basins. Improvements in inventories and spatial allocations of NH3 emissions and in parameterizations of sea spray emissions, evening mixing processes, and heterogeneous ClNO2 chemistry could improve model performance. C1 [Kelly, James T.; Baker, Kirk R.; Misenis, Chris] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Nowak, John B.; Neuman, J. Andrew; Veres, Patrick R.; de Gouw, Joost A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nowak, John B.; Neuman, J. Andrew; Roberts, James M.; Veres, Patrick R.; de Gouw, Joost A.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Murphy, Jennifer G.; Markovic, Milos Z.; VandenBoer, Trevor C.; Ellis, Raluca A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Weber, Rodney J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Beaver, Melinda R.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Newman, Sally] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kelly, JT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kelly.james@epa.gov RI Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Murphy, Jennifer/C-2367-2011; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Kelly, James/F-8135-2010; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; VandenBoer, Trevor/F-1032-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Kelly, James/0000-0001-6574-5714; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; VandenBoer, Trevor/0000-0001-8926-4237; NR 57 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 6 BP 3600 EP 3614 DI 10.1002/2013JD021290 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH3SV UT WOS:000336046600052 ER PT J AU Erlkamp, M Grobelny, S Faraone, A Czeslik, C Winter, R AF Erlkamp, Mirko Grobelny, Sebastian Faraone, Antonio Czeslik, Claus Winter, Roland TI Solvent Effects on the Dynamics of Amyloidogenic Insulin Revealed by Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID AGGREGATION PATHWAYS; FIBRIL FORMATION; SCATTERING; BETA; KINETICS; NUCLEUS; DISEASE; PH AB Insulin is well known to self-associate under specific solvent conditions. At low pH values, in the presence of sodium chloride (NaCl) and at elevated temperatures, insulin readily aggregates and forms amyloid fibrils. Without NaCl, but in the presence of ethanol, the lag time of this temperature-induced aggregation is increased drastically. In this study, we have analyzed the dynamical properties of bovine insulin under these two solvent conditions by using neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy. In addition, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence experiments were carried out to track the concomitant structural changes of insulin. Measurements have mainly been performed at 318 K, where amyloid fibrils are formed over 25 h, when the insulin solution contains 100 mmol L-1 of NaCl at pD = 2.4. In contrast, no amyloid fibrils are formed during 25 h at 318 K, when the insulin solution contains ethanol with a volume fraction of 20% at pD = 2.4. Remarkably, the NSE data reveal distinct dynamic signatures of insulin depending on the chosen solvent conditions. Collective diffusion of insulin molecules can be inferred from an increased diffusion coefficient at low wave vector transfers in the nonfibrillating sample, whereas self-diffusion is observed in the other case. The SAXS data confirm these dynamic behaviors because a pronounced correlation peak is only observed under conditions of collective diffusion. The dynamic responses of insulin, as revealed here by NSE spectroscopy, are in agreement with intermolecular interaction potentials derived recently from measurements of the static structure factors of insulin and lysozyme. C1 [Erlkamp, Mirko; Grobelny, Sebastian; Czeslik, Claus; Winter, Roland] TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Faraone, Antonio] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Faraone, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Czeslik, C (reprint author), TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. EM claus.czeslik@uni-dortmund.de OI Winter, Roland/0000-0002-3512-6928 FU Cluster of Excellence RESOLV [EXC 1069]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); NRW-Forschungsschule "Forschung mit Synchrotronstrahlung in den Nano- und Biowissenschaften" FX Financial support from the Cluster of Excellence RESOLV (EXC 1069) funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and the NRW-Forschungsschule "Forschung mit Synchrotronstrahlung in den Nano- und Biowissenschaften" are gratefully acknowledged. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 27 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 12 BP 3310 EP 3316 DI 10.1021/jp500530h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AD9IG UT WOS:000333578000007 PM 24611749 ER PT J AU Frisch, A Mark, M Aikawa, K Ferlaino, F Bohn, JL Makrides, C Petrov, A Kotochigova, S AF Frisch, Albert Mark, Michael Aikawa, Kiyotaka Ferlaino, Francesca Bohn, John L. Makrides, Constantinos Petrov, Alexander Kotochigova, Svetlana TI Quantum chaos in ultracold collisions of gas-phase erbium atoms SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID FESHBACH RESONANCES; RANDOM MATRICES; ENERGY-LEVELS; PHYSICS; SPECTRUM AB Atomic and molecular samples reduced to temperatures below one microkelvin, yet still in the gas phase, afford unprecedented energy resolution in probing and manipulating the interactions between their constituent particles. As a result of this resolution, atoms can be made to scatter resonantly on demand, through the precise control of a magnetic field(1). For simple atoms, such as alkalis, scattering resonances are extremely well characterized(2). However, ultracold physics is now poised to enter a new regime, where much more complex species can be cooled and studied, including magnetic lanthanide atoms and even molecules. For molecules, it has been speculated(3,4) that a dense set of resonances in ultracold collision cross-sections will probably exhibit essentially random fluctuations, much as the observed energy spectra of nuclear scattering do(5). According to the Bohigas-Giannoni-Schmit conjecture, such fluctuations would imply chaotic dynamics of the underlying classical motion driving the collision(6-8). This would necessitate new ways of looking at the fundamental interactions in ultracold atomic and molecular systems, as well as perhaps new chaos-driven states of ultracold matter. Here we describe the experimental demonstration that random spectra are indeed found at ultralow temperatures. In the experiment, an ultracold gas of erbium atoms is shown to exhibit many Fano-Feshbach resonances, of the order of three per gauss for bosons. Analysis of their statistics verifies that their distribution of nearest-neighbour spacings is what one would expect from random matrix theory(9). The density and statistics of these resonances are explained by fully quantum mechanical scattering calculations that locate their origin in the anisotropy of the atoms' potential energy surface. Our results therefore reveal chaotic behaviour in the native interaction between ultracold atoms. C1 [Frisch, Albert; Mark, Michael; Aikawa, Kiyotaka; Ferlaino, Francesca] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Bohn, John L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bohn, John L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Makrides, Constantinos; Petrov, Alexander; Kotochigova, Svetlana] Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Petrov, Alexander] St Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. [Petrov, Alexander] St Petersburg State Univ, Div Quantum Mech, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. RP Ferlaino, F (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM francesca.ferlaino@uibk.ac.at RI Ferlaino, francesca/E-6726-2012; Petrov, Alexander/I-7865-2013; Aikawa, Kiyotaka/D-4896-2016 OI Petrov, Alexander/0000-0003-1342-3160; FU ARO MURI; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through a START grant [Y479-N20]; European Research Council [259435]; Lise-Meitner program of the FWF; AFOSR; NSF [PHY-1308573] FX The Innsbruck group thanks R. Grimm for discussions and S. Baier, C. Ravensbergen and M. Brownnutt for reading the manuscript. S. K. and A. P. thank E. Tiesinga for discussions. J.L.B. is supported by an ARO MURI. The Innsbruck team is supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through a START grant under project no. Y479-N20 and by the European Research Council under project no. 259435. K.A. is supported within the Lise-Meitner program of the FWF. Research at Temple University is supported by AFOSR and NSF PHY-1308573. NR 34 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 32 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 27 PY 2014 VL 507 IS 7493 BP 475 EP + DI 10.1038/nature13137 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AD6WN UT WOS:000333402000035 PM 24670766 ER PT J AU Berk, NF AF Berk, N. F. TI Determination of the effective transverse coherence of the neutron wave packet as employed in reflectivity investigations of condensed-matter structures. II. Analysis of elastic scattering using energy-gated wave packets with an application to neutron reflection from ruled gratings SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION AB We present a general approach to analyzing elastic scattering for those situations where the incident beam is prepared as an incoherent ensemble of wave packets of a given arbitrary shape. Although wave packets, in general, are not stationary solutions of the Schrodinger equation, the analysis of elastic scattering data treats the scattering as a stationary-state problem. We thus must gate the wave packet, coherently distorting its shape in a manner consistent with the elastic condition. The resulting gated scattering amplitudes (e. g., reflection coefficients) thus are weighted coherent sums of the constituent plane- wave scattering amplitudes, with the weights determined by the shape of the incident wave packet as "filtered" by energy gating. We develop the gating formalism in general and apply it to the problem of neutron scattering from ruled gratings described by Majkrzak et al. in a companion paper. The required exact solution of the associated problem of plane- wave reflection from gratings also is derived. C1 [Berk, N. F.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Scattering, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Berk, N. F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Berk, NF (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Scattering, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 27 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 3 AR 033852 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.033852 PG 18 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AE0HY UT WOS:000333645800006 ER PT J AU Majkrzak, CF Metting, C Maranville, BB Dura, JA Satija, S Udovic, T Berk, NF AF Majkrzak, Charles F. Metting, Christopher Maranville, Brian B. Dura, Joseph A. Satija, Sushil Udovic, Terrence Berk, Norman F. TI Determination of the effective transverse coherence of the neutron wave packet as employed in reflectivity investigations of condensed-matter structures. I. Measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; TOTAL EXTERNAL REFLECTION; GRAZING-INCIDENCE; TRUNCATION RODS; SCATTERING; REFLECTOMETRY; SURFACES AB The primary purpose of this investigation is to determine the effective coherent extent of the neutron wave packet transverse to its mean propagation vector k when it is prepared in a typical instrument used to study the structure of materials in thin film form via specular reflection. There are two principal reasons for doing so. One has to do with the fundamental physical interest in the characteristics of a free neutron as a quantum object, while the other is of a more practical nature, relating to the understanding of how to interpret elastic scattering data when the neutron is employed as a probe of condensed-matter structure on an atomic or nanometer scale. Knowing such a basic physical characteristic as the neutron's effective transverse coherence can dictate how to properly analyze specular reflectivity data obtained for material film structures possessing some amount of in-plane inhomogeneity. In this study we describe a means of measuring the effective transverse coherence length of the neutron wave packet by specular reflection from a series of diffraction gratings of different spacings. Complementary nonspecular measurements of the widths of grating reflections were also performed, which corroborate the specular results. (This paper principally describes measurements interpreted according to the theoretical picture presented in a companion paper.) Each grating was fabricated by lift-off photolithography patterning of a nickel film (approximately 1000 A thick) formed by physical vapor deposition on a flat silicon crystal surface. The grating periods ranged from 10 mu m (5 mu m Ni stripe, 5 mu m intervening space) to several hundred microns. The transverse coherence length, modeled as the width of the wave packet, was determined from an analysis of the specular reflectivity curves of the set of gratings. C1 [Majkrzak, Charles F.; Metting, Christopher; Maranville, Brian B.; Dura, Joseph A.; Satija, Sushil; Udovic, Terrence; Berk, Norman F.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Majkrzak, CF (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM charles.majkrzak@nist.gov RI Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008 OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 27 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 3 AR 033851 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.033851 PG 22 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AE0HY UT WOS:000333645800005 ER PT J AU Allman, MS Whittaker, JD Castellanos-Beltran, M Cicak, K da Silva, F DeFeo, MP Lecocq, F Sirois, A Teufel, JD Aumentado, J Simmonds, RW AF Allman, M. S. Whittaker, J. D. Castellanos-Beltran, M. Cicak, K. da Silva, F. DeFeo, M. P. Lecocq, F. Sirois, A. Teufel, J. D. Aumentado, J. Simmonds, R. W. TI Tunable Resonant and Nonresonant Interactions between a Phase Qubit and LC Resonator SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING CIRCUITS; QUANTUM SIMULATORS; 2-PHASE QUBITS; CAVITY; STATES; TRANSFORMER AB We use a flux-biased radio frequency superconducting quantum interference device (rf SQUID) with an embedded flux-biased direct current SQUID to generate strong resonant and nonresonant tunable interactions between a phase qubit and a lumped-element resonator. The rf SQUID creates a tunable magnetic susceptibility between the qubit and resonator providing resonant coupling strengths from zero to near the ultrastrong coupling regime. By modulating the magnetic susceptibility, nonresonant parametric coupling achieves rates > 100 MHz. Nonlinearity of the magnetic susceptibility also leads to parametric coupling at the subharmonics of the qubit-resonator detuning. C1 [Allman, M. S.; Whittaker, J. D.; Castellanos-Beltran, M.; Cicak, K.; da Silva, F.; DeFeo, M. P.; Lecocq, F.; Sirois, A.; Teufel, J. D.; Aumentado, J.; Simmonds, R. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Allman, MS (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM simmonds@boulder.nist.gov RI Lecocq, Florent/A-9613-2015; Aumentado, Jose/C-2231-2009; Teufel, John/A-8898-2010 OI Lecocq, Florent/0000-0002-3950-0024; Aumentado, Jose/0000-0001-5581-1466; Teufel, John/0000-0002-1873-9941 FU NSA [EAO140639]; NIST Quantum Information Program FX This work was supported by NSA under Contract No. EAO140639, and the NIST Quantum Information Program. This Letter is a contribution by NIST and not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 26 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 12 AR 123601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.123601 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AE4AP UT WOS:000333920000015 PM 24724648 ER PT J AU Koller, AP Beverland, M Gorshkov, AV Rey, AM AF Koller, A. P. Beverland, M. Gorshkov, A. V. Rey, A. M. TI Beyond the Spin Model Approximation for Ramsey Spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ULTRACOLD FERMIONS; LATTICE CLOCK; DYNAMICS AB Ramsey spectroscopy has become a powerful technique for probing nonequilibrium dynamics of internal (pseudospin) degrees of freedom of interacting systems. In many theoretical treatments, the key to understanding the dynamics has been to assume the external (motional) degrees of freedom are decoupled from the pseudospin degrees of freedom. Determining the validity of this approximation-known as the spin model approximation-has not been addressed in detail. Here we shed light in this direction by calculating Ramsey dynamics exactly for two interacting spin-1/2 particles in a harmonic trap. We focus on s-wave-interacting fermions in quasi one- and two-dimensional geometries. We find that in one dimension the spin model assumption works well over a wide range of experimentally relevant conditions, but can fail at time scales longer than those set by the mean interaction energy. Surprisingly, in two dimensions a modified version of the spin model is exact to first order in the interaction strength. This analysis is important for a correct interpretation of Ramsey spectroscopy and has broad applications ranging from precision measurements to quantum information and to fundamental probes of many-body systems. C1 [Koller, A. P.; Rey, A. M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Koller, A. P.; Rey, A. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Beverland, M.] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat & Matter, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gorshkov, A. V.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gorshkov, A. V.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Koller, AP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008 OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421 FU NSF-PIF; NSF [JILA-PFC-1125844, JQI-PFC-0822671, IQIM-PFC-1125565]; ARO-DARPAOLE; AFOSR; NIST; Lee A. DuBridge Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Department of Defense FX We thank M. Foss-Feig, G. Campbell, K. Hazzard, A. Ludlow, J. von Stecher, K. O'Hara, M. Martin, and the JILA Sr clock experimental team for feedback. This work was supported by NSF-PIF, NSF JILA-PFC-1125844, NSF JQI-PFC-0822671, NSF IQIM-PFC-1125565, ARO-DARPAOLE, AFOSR, NIST, and the Lee A. DuBridge and Gordon and Betty Moore Foundations. A. K. was supported by the Department of Defense through the NDSEG program. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 26 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 12 AR 123001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.123001 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AE4AP UT WOS:000333920000014 PM 24724647 ER PT J AU Stannigel, K Hauke, P Marcos, D Hafezi, M Diehl, S Dalmonte, M Zoller, P AF Stannigel, K. Hauke, P. Marcos, D. Hafezi, M. Diehl, S. Dalmonte, M. Zoller, P. TI Constrained Dynamics via the Zeno Effect in Quantum Simulation: Implementing Non-Abelian Lattice Gauge Theories with Cold Atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOTT INSULATOR; SYSTEMS; GASES; SPIN; DECOHERENCE; DISSIPATION; PHYSICS; MODELS AB We show how engineered classical noise can be used to generate constrained Hamiltonian dynamics in atomic quantum simulators of many-body systems, taking advantage of the continuous Zeno effect. After discussing the general theoretical framework, we focus on applications in the context of lattice gauge theories, where imposing exotic, quasilocal constraints is usually challenging. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme for both Abelian and non-Abelian gauge theories, and discuss how engineering dissipative constraints substitutes complicated, nonlocal interaction patterns by global coupling to laser fields. C1 [Stannigel, K.; Hauke, P.; Marcos, D.; Diehl, S.; Dalmonte, M.; Zoller, P.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Hafezi, M.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Diehl, S.; Dalmonte, M.; Zoller, P.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Stannigel, K (reprint author), Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM philipp.hauke@uibk.ac.at; marcello.dalmonte@uibk.ac.at RI Zoller, Peter/O-1639-2014; Hauke, Philipp/H-5304-2015; Hafezi, Mohammad/A-1197-2008 OI Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505; Hauke, Philipp/0000-0002-0414-1754; Hafezi, Mohammad/0000-0003-1679-4880 FU SIQS; ERC Synergy Grant UQUAM; SFB FoQuS (FWF) [F4006-N16]; U.S. ARO MURI [W911NF0910406]; START [Y 581-N16] FX We thank D. Banerjee, Ch. Becker, E. Rico, and U.-J. Wiese for stimulating discussions and G. Kurizki, S. Pascazio, and L. Viola for useful comments on the manuscript. This project was supported by SIQS, the ERC Synergy Grant UQUAM, the SFB FoQuS (FWF Project No. F4006-N16), U.S. ARO MURI Grant No. W911NF0910406, and the START Grant No. Y 581-N16 (S. D.). M. H. thanks IQOQI, Innsbruck, for hospitality. K. S. and P. H. contributed equally to this work. NR 50 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 26 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 12 AR 120406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.120406 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AE4AP UT WOS:000333920000006 PM 24724634 ER PT J AU Apprill, A Robbins, J Eren, AM Pack, AA Reveillaud, J Mattila, D Moore, M Niemeyer, M Moore, KMT Mincer, TJ AF Apprill, Amy Robbins, Jooke Eren, A. Murat Pack, Adam A. Reveillaud, Julie Mattila, David Moore, Michael Niemeyer, Misty Moore, Kathleen M. T. Mincer, Tracy J. TI Humpback Whale Populations Share a Core Skin Bacterial Community: Towards a Health Index for Marine Mammals? SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DOLPHIN TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; SOLE SOLEA-SENEGALENSIS; TIDAL FLAT SEDIMENT; SP-NOV.; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; NORTH PACIFIC; SEQUENCE DATA; SEA; HALOTOLERANT; MICROBIOTA AB Microbes are now well regarded for their important role in mammalian health. The microbiology of skin - a unique interface between the host and environment - is a major research focus in human health and skin disorders, but is less explored in other mammals. Here, we report on a cross-population study of the skin-associated bacterial community of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), and examine the potential for a core bacterial community and its variability with host (endogenous) or geographic/environmental (exogenous) specific factors. Skin biopsies or freshly sloughed skin from 56 individuals were sampled from populations in the North Atlantic, North Pacific and South Pacific oceans and bacteria were characterized using 454 pyrosequencing of SSU rRNA genes. Phylogenetic and statistical analyses revealed the ubiquity and abundance of bacteria belonging to the Flavobacteria genus Tenacibaculum and the Gammaproteobacteria genus Psychrobacter across the whale populations. Scanning electron microscopy of skin indicated that microbial cells colonize the skin surface. Despite the ubiquity of Tenacibaculum and Psychrobater spp., the relative composition of the skin-bacterial community differed significantly by geographic area as well as metabolic state of the animals (feeding versus starving during migration and breeding), suggesting that both exogenous and endogenous factors may play a role in influencing the skin-bacteria. Further, characteristics of the skin bacterial community from these free-swimming individuals were assembled and compared to two entangled and three dead individuals, revealing a decrease in the central or core bacterial community members (Tenacibaculum and Psychrobater spp.), as well as the emergence of potential pathogens in the latter cases. This is the first discovery of a cross-population, shared skin bacterial community. This research suggests that the skin bacteria may be connected to humpback health and immunity and could possibly serve as a useful index for health and skin disorder monitoring of threatened and endangered marine mammals. C1 [Apprill, Amy; Moore, Michael; Mincer, Tracy J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Robbins, Jooke] Ctr Coastal Studies, Provincetown, MA USA. [Eren, A. Murat; Reveillaud, Julie] Josephine Bay Paul Ctr, Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Pack, Adam A.] Univ Hawaii, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Pack, Adam A.] Dolphin Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. [Mattila, David] Hawaiian Isl Humpback Whale Natl Marine Sanctuary, Kihei, HI USA. [Niemeyer, Misty; Moore, Kathleen M. T.] Int Fund Anim Welf, Yarmouth Port, MA USA. RP Apprill, A (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM apprill@whoi.edu; tmincer@whoi.edu RI Eren, A. Murat/J-3408-2014; Moore, Michael/E-1707-2015; OI Moore, Michael/0000-0003-3074-6631; Mincer, Tracy/0000-0002-4644-5609; Eren, A. Murat/0000-0001-9013-4827; Robbins, Jooke/0000-0002-6382-722X FU WHOI Ocean Life Institute; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's (WHOI) Marine Mammal Center FX A.A. was funded by a WHOI Ocean Life Institute post-doctoral scholar award, and this research was supported by a grant to A.A. and T.J.M. from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's (WHOI) Marine Mammal Center. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 67 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 36 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 26 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR e90785 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0090785 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AE0SR UT WOS:000333677000010 PM 24671052 ER PT J AU Belter, CW AF Belter, Christopher W. TI Measuring the Value of Research Data: A Citation Analysis of Oceanographic Data Sets SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE PILOT PROJECT; SCIENTIFIC PRIMARY DATA; BIBLIOMETRIC INDICATORS; BIODIVERSITY DATA; IOC CONTRIBUTIONS; EARTH-SCIENCES; GOOGLE SCHOLAR; PUBLICATION; CONSEQUENCES; REGISTRATION AB Evaluation of scientific research is becoming increasingly reliant on publication-based bibliometric indicators, which may result in the devaluation of other scientific activities - such as data curation - that do not necessarily result in the production of scientific publications. This issue may undermine the movement to openly share and cite data sets in scientific publications because researchers are unlikely to devote the effort necessary to curate their research data if they are unlikely to receive credit for doing so. This analysis attempts to demonstrate the bibliometric impact of properly curated and openly accessible data sets by attempting to generate citation counts for three data sets archived at the National Oceanographic Data Center. My findings suggest that all three data sets are highly cited, with estimated citation counts in most cases higher than 99% of all the journal articles published in Oceanography during the same years. I also find that methods of citing and referring to these data sets in scientific publications are highly inconsistent, despite the fact that a formal citation format is suggested for each data set. These findings have important implications for developing a data citation format, encouraging researchers to properly curate their research data, and evaluating the bibliometric impact of individuals and institutions. C1 NOAA, LAC Grp, Cent Lib, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Belter, CW (reprint author), NOAA, LAC Grp, Cent Lib, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Chris.Belter@noaa.gov RI Belter, Christopher/L-6487-2013 OI Belter, Christopher/0000-0001-5221-6880 NR 75 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 58 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 26 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR e92590 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0092590 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AE0SR UT WOS:000333677000054 PM 24671177 ER PT J AU Paredes, R Orben, RA Suryan, RM Irons, DB Roby, DD Harding, AMA Young, RC Benoit-Bird, K Ladd, C Renner, H Heppell, S Phillips, RA Kitaysky, A AF Paredes, Rosana Orben, Rachael A. Suryan, Robert M. Irons, David B. Roby, Daniel D. Harding, Ann M. A. Young, Rebecca C. Benoit-Bird, Kelly Ladd, Carol Renner, Heather Heppell, Scott Phillips, Richard A. Kitaysky, Alexander TI Foraging Responses of Black-Legged Kittiwakes to Prolonged Food-Shortages around Colonies on the Bering Sea Shelf SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; LONG-LIVED SEABIRD; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; PELAGIC SEABIRD; PISCIVOROUS SEABIRDS; POPULATION PROCESSES; MYCTOPHID FISHES AB We hypothesized that changes in southeastern Bering Sea foraging conditions for black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) have caused shifts in habitat use with direct implications for population trends. To test this, we compared at-sea distribution, breeding performance, and nutritional stress of kittiwakes in three years (2008-2010) at two sites in the Pribilof Islands, where the population has either declined (St. Paul) or remained stable (St. George). Foraging conditions were assessed from changes in (1) bird diets, (2) the biomass and distribution of juvenile pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in 2008 and 2009, and (3) eddy kinetic energy (EKE; considered to be a proxy for oceanic prey availability). In years when biomass of juvenile pollock was low and patchily distributed in shelf regions, kittiwake diets included little or no neritic prey and a much higher occurrence of oceanic prey (e.g. myctophids). Birds from both islands foraged on the nearby shelves, or made substantially longer-distance trips overnight to the basin. Here, feeding was more nocturnal and crepuscular than on the shelf, and often occurred near anticyclonic, or inside cyclonic eddies. As expected from colony location, birds from St. Paul used neritic waters more frequently, whereas birds from St. George typically foraged in oceanic waters. Despite these distinctive foraging patterns, there were no significant differences between colonies in chick feeding rates or fledging success. High EKE in 2010 coincided with a 63% increase in use of the basin by birds from St. Paul compared with 2008 when EKE was low. Nonetheless, adult nutritional stress, which was relatively high across years at both colonies, peaked in birds from St. Paul in 2010. Diminishing food resources in nearby shelf habitats may have contributed to kittiwake population declines at St Paul, possibly driven by increased adult mortality or breeding desertion due to high foraging effort and nutritional stress. C1 [Paredes, Rosana; Heppell, Scott] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Orben, Rachael A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Suryan, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Irons, David B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Roby, Daniel D.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Harding, Ann M. A.] Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Anchorage, AK USA. [Young, Rebecca C.; Kitaysky, Alexander] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Benoit-Bird, Kelly] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ladd, Carol] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Renner, Heather] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AK USA. [Phillips, Richard A.] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. RP Paredes, R (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rparedes.insley@gmail.com RI Ladd, Carol/M-6159-2014; OI Ladd, Carol/0000-0003-1065-430X; Orben, Rachael/0000-0002-0802-407X FU North Pacific Research Board as part of the Bering Sea Project; Oregon State University FX Funding was provided by the North Pacific Research Board as part of the Bering Sea Project [http://bsierp.nprb.org/1, Fish and Wildlife Service (http:// alaska;fws.gov/) and Oregon State University (http://fw.oregonstate.edu/). BSIERP projects were granted to David Irons and Daniel Roby (B63 and B77), Heather Renner (B77), Alexander Kitaysky (B77), and to Scott Heppell and Kelly Benoit-Bird (B67 and B77). The funders facilitated indersciplinary partnerships as part of the program but had no role in the specifics of the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 97 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 47 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 26 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR c92520 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0092520 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AE0SR UT WOS:000333677000050 ER PT J AU Guo, F Belova, LM McMichael, RD AF Guo, Feng Belova, L. M. McMichael, R. D. TI Parametric pumping of precession modes in ferromagnetic nanodisks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID YTTRIUM-IRON-GARNET; LIGHT-SCATTERING; RESONANCE; SOLITONS; FILMS AB We report on the parametric excitation of magnetic precession modes in nanodisks using a parallel pumping configuration. The excitations are detected using a ferromagnetic resonance force microscopy method, and the parallel-pumped spectra reveal nonlinear characteristics including instability thresholds and multiple, narrow, sawtooth-shaped resonances. These characteristics are in accord with analytical theory and micromagnetic modeling results. Modeled mode profiles of the excitations show that higher-order standing spin-wave modes with both even and odd symmetries are excited under parallel pumping. C1 [Guo, Feng; McMichael, R. D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guo, Feng] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Belova, L. M.] Royal Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Guo, F (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM feng.guo@nist.gov; robert.mcmichael@nist.gov RI Belova, Lyubov/A-9868-2011; OI Belova, Lyubov/0000-0003-4889-4210; McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology [70NANB10H193]; Swedish Research Council; Swedish Innovation Agency VINNOVA FX F.G. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award No. 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. Dr. Belova acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish Innovation Agency VINNOVA. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 26 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 10 AR 104422 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.104422 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AD6PK UT WOS:000333383100001 ER PT J AU Ross, RB Ahmad, R Brennan, JK Frankel, KA Moore, JD Moore, JD Mountain, RD Shen, VK Schultz, NE Siderius, DW Smith, KD Thommes, M AF Ross, Richard B. Ahmad, Riaz Brennan, John K. Frankel, Kevin A. Moore, Jonathan D. Moore, Joshua D. Mountain, Raymond D. Shen, Vincent K. Schultz, Nathan E. Siderius, Daniel W. Smith, Kenneth D. Thommes, Matthias TI The seventh industrial fluid properties simulation challenge SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE Perfluorohexane; Adsorption; BCR-704 zeolite; Molecular simulation; Monte Carlo simulation ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; GLYCOL DIMETHYL ETHER; BUBBLE POINT PRESSURE; HENRYS LAW CONSTANTS; FORCE-FIELD; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; ESTABLISHING BENCHMARKS; BINARY-MIXTURES AB The goal of the seventh industrial fluid properties simulation challenge was to test the ability of molecular simulation methods to predict the adsorption of organic adsorbates in zeolite materials. Zeolite adsorbents are used in a variety of applications due to their high surface area and abilities to adsorb or desorb sorbates depending upon the applied conditions. With increasing numbers of applications, the ability to predict the performance of zeolites for a wide range of adsorbates would be very valuable in pre-optimizing systems and reducing product development time. The seventh challenge focused, in particular, on the adsorption of perfluorohexane in BCR-704 Faujasite Zeolite. Entrants were challenged to predict the adsorption of perfluorohexane in the zeolite at 293 K and at relative pressures of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8. The relative pressure is defined as that relative to the bulk saturation pressure predicted by the model at a given temperature (293 K in this case). The predictions were judged by comparison to a benchmark set of experimentally determined values. Overall good agreement and consistency were found between the predictions of most entrants. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ross, Richard B.; Frankel, Kevin A.; Schultz, Nathan E.] 3M Co, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. [Ahmad, Riaz; Thommes, Matthias] Quantachrome Instruments, Boynton Beach, FL USA. [Brennan, John K.; Moore, Joshua D.] US Army, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Moore, Jonathan D.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Mountain, Raymond D.; Shen, Vincent K.; Siderius, Daniel W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Smith, Kenneth D.] United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. RP Ross, RB (reprint author), 3M Co, 201-2E-23, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. EM rbross@mmm.com RI Siderius, Daniel/E-8116-2011; Moore, Jonathan/B-8201-2009 OI Siderius, Daniel/0000-0002-6260-7727; FU 3M Company; BP Amoco; Dow Chemical Company; DuPont; Exxon Mobil; Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation FX We would like to thank the Computational Molecular Science and Engineering Forum (CoMSEF) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers and the Physical Chemistry Division of the American Chemical Society (ACS) for their institutional support. We would also like to thank the 3M Company, BP Amoco, The Dow Chemical Company, DuPont, Exxon Mobil, and Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation for financial support. In addition, we thank Quantachrome Instruments for carrying out the benchmark experimental adsorption studies. We would also like to thank the anonymous committee of academic modeling experts who served as external judges for the challenge. Finally, we would like to thank all the participants for their willingness to commit considerable time and resources to this challenge and for participating in the valuable discussions during the challenge symposium at the AIChE annual meeting. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 EI 1879-0224 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD MAR 25 PY 2014 VL 366 BP 136 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.fluid.2013.09.062 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA AE6GU UT WOS:000334089400016 ER PT J AU Ross, RB Brennan, JK Frankel, KA Moore, JD Moore, JD Mountain, RD Ahmad, R Thommes, M Shen, VK Schultz, NE Siderius, DW Smith, KD AF Ross, Richard B. Brennan, John K. Frankel, Kevin A. Moore, Jonathan D. Moore, Joshua D. Mountain, Raymond D. Ahmad, Riaz Thommes, Matthias Shen, Vincent K. Schultz, Nathan E. Siderius, Daniel W. Smith, Kenneth D. TI Perfluorohexane adsorption in BCR-704 Faujasite zeolite benchmark studies for the seventh industrial fluid properties simulation challenge SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE Perfluorohexane; Adsorption; BCR-704 zeolite AB The primary goal of the seventh industrial fluid properties simulation challenge was to test the ability of molecular simulation methods to predict the adsorption of organic adsorbates in zeolitic materials. The challenge focused, in particular, on the adsorption of perfluorohexane in the BCR-704 Faujasite zeolite. Entrants were challenged to predict the adsorption of perfluorohexane in the zeolite at 293 K and at relative pressures of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8. The relative pressure (P/P-o) is defined as that relative to the bulk saturation pressure predicted by the model at a given temperature (293 K in this case). The predictions were judged by comparison to a set of experimentally determined values which are published here for the first time and were not disclosed prior to the challenge to the entrants. Additional benchmark experimental studies, also described here-in, were carried out and provided to entrants in order to aid in the development of new force fields and simulation methods to be employed in the challenge. These studies included argon and nitrogen adsorption in the BCR-704 Faujasite zeolite. Elemental analysis of the BCR-704 Faujasite type zeolite was also available to entrants via the Institute of Reference Materials and Measurement (IRMM) report EUR 21065 [1]. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ross, Richard B.; Frankel, Kevin A.; Schultz, Nathan E.] 3M Co, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. [Brennan, John K.; Moore, Joshua D.] US Army, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Moore, Jonathan D.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Mountain, Raymond D.; Shen, Vincent K.; Siderius, Daniel W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ahmad, Riaz; Thommes, Matthias] Quantachrome Instruments, Boynton Beach, FL USA. [Smith, Kenneth D.] United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. RP Ross, RB (reprint author), 3M Co, 201-2E-23, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. EM rbross@mmm.com RI Siderius, Daniel/E-8116-2011; Moore, Jonathan/B-8201-2009 OI Siderius, Daniel/0000-0002-6260-7727; NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 EI 1879-0224 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD MAR 25 PY 2014 VL 366 BP 141 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.fluid.2013.12.025 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA AE6GU UT WOS:000334089400017 ER PT J AU De, S Campbell, DL Price, RM Putra, A Anderson, BM Spielman, IB AF De, S. Campbell, D. L. Price, R. M. Putra, A. Anderson, Brandon M. Spielman, I. B. TI Quenched binary Bose-Einstein condensates: Spin-domain formation and coarsening SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS; GASES; FIELD AB We explore the time evolution of two-component Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), quasi one dimensional with respect to their spinor dynamics, following a quench from one component BECs with a U(1) order parameter into two-component condensates with a U(1) x Z(2) order parameter. In our case, these two spin components have a propensity to phase separate, i.e., they are immiscible. Remarkably, these spin degrees of freedom can equivalently be described as a single-component attractive BEC. A spatially uniform mixture of these spins is dynamically unstable, rapidly amplifying any quantum or pre-existing classical spin fluctuations. This coherent growth process drives the formation of numerous spin-polarized domains, which are far from the system's ground state. At much longer times these domains grow in size, coarsening, as the system approaches equilibrium. The experimentally observed time evolution is consistent with our fully three-dimensional stochastic-projected Gross-Pitaevskii calculation. C1 [De, S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP De, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. OI Anderson, Brandon/0000-0001-6895-9902 FU NSF through the Physics Frontier Center; ARO; Atomtronics MURI and DARPA's OLE Program FX We appreciate discussions with and terminology introduced by N. Bray-Ali, and insight gleaned from C. Raman. We acknowledge the financial support the NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at JQI, and the ARO with funds from both the Atomtronics MURI and DARPA's OLE Program. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 25 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 3 AR 033631 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.033631 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AD6ZR UT WOS:000333410700006 ER PT J AU Son, S Wang, MH Harding, LW AF Son, SeungHyun Wang, Menghua Harding, Lawrence W., Jr. TI Satellite-measured net primary production in the Chesapeake Bay SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Net primary production; Ocean color remote sensing; Water quality; Chesapeake Bay ID PARTIALLY STRATIFIED ESTUARY; WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; SWIR ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; OCEANIC PRIMARY PRODUCTION; MODIS-AQUA MEASUREMENTS; LONG-TERM TRENDS; PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION; ATLANTIC BIGHT; COLOR PRODUCTS; CHLOROPHYLL-A AB The regional daily-integrated net primary production (NPP) model for the Chesapeake Bay, Chesapeake Bay Production Model (CBPM), has been improved for use with ocean color products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the satellite Aqua. A polynomial regression formula for the photosynthetic parameter (i.e., optimal carbon fixation rate, P-opt(B)) as a function of sea surface temperature (SST) was derived for the Chesapeake Bay. Results show that the CBPM-derived NPP using the new model for P-opt(B) are improved for the Chesapeake Bay. Comparisons of MODIS-Aqua-derived and in situ-measured NPP show that the satellite-derived data correspond reasonably well to in situ measurements, although MODIS-Aqua-derived NPP values may be slightly overestimated for the upper Bay, primarily due to uncertainties in the bio-optical algorithm for satellite ocean color products for that region. We also generated MODIS-Aqua-derived NPP maps using the improved CBPM for the period of 2002 to 2011 to characterize NPP in the Chesapeake Bay. Spatial distributions of MODIS-Aqua-derived NPP products show that higher NPP values are generally found in the southern upper Bay and northern middle Bay (regions around 38.3 degrees N-39.0 degrees N), including the Potomac River, while relatively low NPP values were found in the northern upper Bay, the eastern area of middle Bay, and lower Bay. The temporal pattern of MODIS-Aqua-derived NPP showed lowest values in winter (December to February) over the entire Bay, while high NPP values were in late spring to summer (May to August), depending on location. Furthermore, there is a strong interannual variability in NPP for the Chesapeake Bay, and an apparent increasing trend from 2003 to 2011. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Son, SeungHyun; Wang, Menghua] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Son, SeungHyun] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Harding, Lawrence W., Jr.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 FU NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS); NSF Biological Oceanography Program; NOAA Chesapeake Bay Program Office FX This research was supported by the NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) funding. LWH was supported by the NSF Biological Oceanography Program and the NOAA Chesapeake Bay Program Office. MODIS L1B data were obtained from the NASA/GSFC MODAPS Service website. We thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 58 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 25 PY 2014 VL 144 BP 109 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2014.01.018 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AD8BD UT WOS:000333490600009 ER PT J AU Adelmann, C Schram, T Chew, SA Woicik, JC Brizzi, S Tallarida, M Schmeisser, D Horiguchi, N Van Elshocht, S Ragnarsson, LA AF Adelmann, C. Schram, T. Chew, S. -A. Woicik, J. C. Brizzi, S. Tallarida, M. Schmeisser, D. Horiguchi, N. Van Elshocht, S. Ragnarsson, L. -A. TI On the scalability of doped hafnia thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HFO2; DIELECTRICS; OXIDE AB The scaling behavior of Gd- and Al-doped HfO2 films as gate dielectrics in metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors was studied. For equivalent oxide thicknesses (EOTs) in the range of 10 angstrom, crystallized Gd:HfO2 showed higher leakage current densities than crystallized Al:HfO2, with undoped HfO2 in between. Ultimately, the scalability of Al:HfO2 was limited by the ability to crystallize the films at a given thermal budget. As a result, for post-deposition annealing at 800 degrees C, the EOT of Al:HfO2 based MOS capacitors was limited to similar to 8 angstrom. However, for such an EOT, leakage current densities were reduced by about 100x with respect to HfO2. This demonstrates the high potential of Al:HfO2 for low-standby-power MOS devices. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Adelmann, C.; Schram, T.; Chew, S. -A.; Horiguchi, N.; Van Elshocht, S.; Ragnarsson, L. -A.] IMEC, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Woicik, J. C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brizzi, S.; Tallarida, M.; Schmeisser, D.] Brandenburg Tech Univ Cottbus, D-03046 Cottbus, Germany. RP Adelmann, C (reprint author), IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. EM christoph.adelmann@imec.be RI Adelmann, Christoph/C-1507-2014 OI Adelmann, Christoph/0000-0002-4831-3159 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; European Community [312284] FX The use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. We also acknowledge the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, electron storage ring BESSY II, for provision of synchrotron radiation at beamline U49/2-PGM-2. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement No. 312284. Karl Opsomer (imec) is acknowledged for providing the IS-XRD data in the supplementary material. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 24 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 12 AR 122906 DI 10.1063/1.4870075 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AE6DD UT WOS:000334078500059 ER PT J AU Bender, PL AF Bender, Peter L. TI Comparison of atom interferometry with laser interferometry for gravitational wave observations in space SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article AB Proposals were made earlier in 2008 to use atom interferometry based on Raman transitions for gravitational wave observations in space. Recently, Graham et al. have suggested a new atom interferometry method for such observations based on laser-induced single-photon transitions on highly forbidden optical transitions such as those used in recently developed optical clocks. However, a number of additional requirements that are not discussed by Graham et al. have to be considered if the sensitivity level they suggest is to be reached. When all of the requirements are considered, it appears that such an atom interferometry mission would be much more complex than a laser interferometry mission with better overall sensitivity. C1 [Bender, Peter L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bender, Peter L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bender, PL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 EI 1550-2368 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAR 24 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 6 AR 062004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.89.062004 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA AE9EU UT WOS:000334308800002 ER PT J AU Sinclair, LC Coddington, I Swann, WC Rieker, GB Hati, A Iwakuni, K Newbury, NR AF Sinclair, L. C. Coddington, I. Swann, W. C. Rieker, G. B. Hati, A. Iwakuni, K. Newbury, N. R. TI Operation of an optically coherent frequency comb outside the metrology lab SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ABSOLUTE DISTANCE MEASUREMENTS; FIBER-LASERS; NOBEL LECTURE; TIMING JITTER; NOISE; SPECTROSCOPY; TIME; TECHNOLOGY; PULSES; ACCURATE AB We demonstrate a self-referenced fiber frequency comb that can operate outside the well-controlled optical laboratory. The frequency comb has residual optical linewidths of < 1 Hz, sub-radian residual optical phase noise, and residual pulse-to-pulse timing jitter of 2.4 - 5 fs, when locked to an optical reference. This fully phase-locked frequency comb has been successfully operated in a moving vehicle with 0.5 g peak accelerations and on a shaker table with a sustained 0.5 g rms integrated acceleration, while retaining its optical coherence and 5-fs-level timing jitter. This frequency comb should enable metrological measurements outside the laboratory with the precision and accuracy that are the hallmarks of comb-based systems. (c) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Sinclair, L. C.; Coddington, I.; Swann, W. C.; Rieker, G. B.; Hati, A.; Newbury, N. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Iwakuni, K.] Keio Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Kohoku Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. RP Sinclair, LC (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM laura.sinclair@nist.gov; nnewbury@boulder.nist.gov FU DARPA PULSE program; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); QuASAR program FX This work was funded by the DARPA PULSE and QuASAR programs and by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). We acknowledge donation of the critical PM HNLF fiber by Masaaki Hirano of Sumitomo Electric. We acknowledge helpful discussions with David Leibrandt and Franklyn Quinlan and assistance from Craig Nelson, Lindsay Sonderhouse, Don Rieker, Marilyn Rieker and Marla Dowell. NR 55 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 7 U2 44 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 24 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 6 BP 6996 EP 7006 DI 10.1364/OE.22.006996 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA AD9IT UT WOS:000333579300079 PM 24664048 ER PT J AU Abrams, DM Slawik, A Srinivasan, K AF Abrams, Daniel M. Slawik, Alex Srinivasan, Kartik TI Nonlinear Oscillations and Bifurcations in Silicon Photonic Microresonators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL WAVE-GUIDES; RESONATOR; BISTABILITY; MODULATOR; MODES; POWER; CHIP AB Silicon microdisks are optical resonators that can exhibit surprising nonlinear behavior. We present a new analysis of the dynamics of these resonators elucidating the mathematical origin of spontaneous oscillations and deriving predictions for observed phenomena such as a frequency comb spectrum with MHz-scale repetition rate. We test predictions through laboratory experiment and numerical simulation. C1 [Abrams, Daniel M.; Slawik, Alex] Northwestern Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Appl Math, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Abrams, Daniel M.] Northwestern Univ, Northwestern Inst Complex Syst, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Abrams, Daniel M.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Abrams, DM (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Appl Math, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM dmabrams@northwestern.edu; AlexanderSlawik2015@u.northwestern.edu; kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov RI Abrams, Daniel/F-2297-2011 OI Abrams, Daniel/0000-0002-6015-8358 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 24 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 12 AR 123901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.123901 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AE3ZQ UT WOS:000333917400002 PM 24724649 ER PT J AU Li, W Hacker, CA Cheng, GJ Liang, YR Tian, BY Walker, ARH Richter, CA Gundlach, DJ Liang, XL Peng, LM AF Li, Wei Hacker, Christina A. Cheng, Guangjun Liang, Yiran Tian, Boyuan Walker, A. R. Hight Richter, Curt A. Gundlach, David J. Liang, Xuelei Peng, Lianmao TI Highly reproducible and reliable metal/graphene contact by ultraviolet-ozone treatment SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GRAPHENE; TRANSISTORS; RESISTANCE AB Resist residue from the device fabrication process is a significant source of contamination at the metal/graphene contact interface. Ultraviolet Ozone (UVO) treatment is proven here, by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman measurement, to be an effective way of cleaning the metal/graphene interface. Electrical measurements of devices that were fabricated by using UVO treatment of the metal/graphene contact region show that stable and reproducible low resistance metal/graphene contacts are obtained and the electrical properties of the graphene channel remain unaffected. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Li, Wei; Liang, Yiran; Tian, Boyuan; Liang, Xuelei; Peng, Lianmao] Peking Univ, Key Lab Phys & Chem Nanodevices, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Li, Wei; Liang, Yiran; Tian, Boyuan; Liang, Xuelei; Peng, Lianmao] Peking Univ, Dept Elect, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Li, Wei; Hacker, Christina A.; Cheng, Guangjun; Walker, A. R. Hight; Richter, Curt A.; Gundlach, David J.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gundlach, DJ (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.gundlach@nist.gov; liangxl@pku.edu.cn RI Peng, Lianmao/E-2089-2011; Liang, Xuelei/C-4690-2013; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2011CB921904]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [60971003]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2011CB921904) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60971003). Wei Li was partly supported by National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 46 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 21 PY 2014 VL 115 IS 11 AR 114304 DI 10.1063/1.4868897 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AE3TM UT WOS:000333900600053 ER PT J AU Nichols, JE Harries, ME Lovestead, TM Bruno, TJ AF Nichols, Jessica E. Harries, Megan E. Lovestead, Tara M. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Analysis of arson fire debris by low temperature dynamic headspace adsorption porous layer open tubular columns SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Fire debris analysis; Gas chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Headspace analysis; Ignitable liquid; PLOT-cryoadsorption ID DISTILLATION CURVE METHOD; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; STATIONARY-PHASE; CRYOADSORPTION; APPARATUS; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROMETRY AB In this paper we present results of the application of PLOT-cryoadsorption (PLOT-cryo) to the analysis of ignitable liquids in fire debris. We tested ignitable liquids, broadly divided into fuels and solvents (although the majority of the results presented here were obtained with gasoline and diesel fuel) on three substrates: Douglas fir, oak plywood and Nylon carpet. We determined that PLOT-cryo allows the analyst to distinguish all of the ignitable liquids tested by use of a very rapid sampling protocol, and performs better (more recovered components, higher efficiency, lower elution solvent volumes) than a conventional purge and trap method. We also tested the effect of latency (the time period between applying the ignitable liquid and ignition), and we tested a variety of sampling times and a variety of PLOT capillary lengths. Reliable results can be obtained with sampling time periods as short as 3 min, and on PLOT capillaries as short as 20 cm. The variability of separate samples was also assessed, a study made possible by the high throughput nature of the PLOT-cryo method. We also determined that the method performs better than the conventional carbon strip method that is commonly used in fire debris analysis. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nichols, Jessica E.; Harries, Megan E.; Lovestead, Tara M.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov OI Nichols, Jessica/0000-0002-8597-1898 FU Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) at NIST; Clare Boothe Luce Foundation for a research fellowship at NISI FX JEN acknowledges a Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) at NIST. MEH acknowledges the Clare Boothe Luce Foundation for a research fellowship at NISI. We acknowledge Dr. J. Tim Edwards of the Fuels Branch, Air Force Research laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, for providing the Jet-A and the JP-5 used in this work. NR 69 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 EI 1873-3778 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAR 21 PY 2014 VL 1334 BP 126 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.01.080 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA AD8BH UT WOS:000333491000016 PM 24569007 ER PT J AU Hood, RR Kendall, EL Junqueira, M Vreeland, WN Quezado, Z Finkel, JC Devoe, DL AF Hood, Renee R. Kendall, Eric L. Junqueira, Mariana Vreeland, Wyatt N. Quezado, Zenaide Finkel, Julia C. Devoe, Don L. TI Microfluidic-Enabled Liposomes Elucidate Size-Dependent Transdermal Transport SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PORCINE EAR SKIN; DRUG-DELIVERY; LIPID VESICLES; PARTICLE-SIZE; IN-VITRO; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; PENETRATION; CARRIERS; NANOPARTICLES; MICROSPHERES AB Microfluidic synthesis of small and nearly-monodisperse liposomes is used to investigate the size-dependent passive transdermal transport of nanoscale lipid vesicles. While large liposomes with diameters above 105 nm are found to be excluded from deeper skin layers past the stratum corneum, the primary barrier to nanoparticle transport, liposomes with mean diameters between 31-41 nm exhibit significantly enhanced penetration. Furthermore, multicolor fluorescence imaging reveals that the smaller liposomes pass rapidly through the stratum corneum without vesicle rupture. These findings reveal that nanoscale liposomes with well-controlled size and minimal size variance are excellent vehicles for transdermal delivery of functional nanoparticle drugs. C1 [Hood, Renee R.; Devoe, Don L.] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kendall, Eric L.; Devoe, Don L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Junqueira, Mariana; Quezado, Zenaide; Finkel, Julia C.] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol Sedat & Perioperat Med, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Vreeland, Wyatt N.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Devoe, DL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ddev@umd.edu RI DeVoe, Don/A-2891-2011; Quezado, Zenaide/O-4860-2016 OI DeVoe, Don/0000-0002-7740-9993; Quezado, Zenaide/0000-0001-9793-4368 FU Sheikh Zayed Institute - Clark School of Engineering; National Science Foundation [CBET0966407] FX This research was funded by a Sheikh Zayed Institute - Clark School of Engineering seed grant and the National Science Foundation through grant CBET0966407. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 26 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 21 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR e92978 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0092978 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AD6GL UT WOS:000333355300150 PM 24658111 ER PT J AU Villareal, TA Wilson, C AF Villareal, Tracy A. Wilson, Cara TI A Comparison of the Pac-X Trans-Pacific Wave Glider Data and Satellite Data (MODIS, Aquarius, TRMM and VIIRS) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; MID-ATLANTIC BIGHT; SURFACE-LAYER; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; SUBTROPICAL GYRE; MIXED-LAYER; WARM POOL; ROSS SEA; VARIABILITY; NORTH AB Four wave-propelled autonomous vehicles (Wave Gliders) instrumented with a variety of oceanographic and meteorological sensors were launched from San Francisco, CA in November 2011 for a trans-Pacific (Pac-X) voyage to test platform endurance. Two arrived in Australia, one in Dec 2012 and one in February 2013, while the two destined for Japan both ran into technical difficulties and did not arrive at their destination. The gliders were all equipped with sensors to measure temperature, salinity, turbidity, oxygen, and both chlorophyll and oil fluorescence. Here we conduct an initial assessment of the data set, noting necessary quality control steps and instrument utility. We conduct a validation of the Pac-X dataset by comparing the glider data to equivalent, or near-equivalent, satellite measurements. Sea surface temperature and salinity compared well to satellite measurements. Chl fluorescence from the gliders was more poorly correlated, with substantial between glider variability. Both turbidity and oil CDOM sensors were compromised to some degree by interfering processes. The well-known diel cycle in chlorophyll fluorescence was observed suggesting that mapping physiological data over large scales is possible. The gliders captured the Pacific Ocean's major oceanographic features including the increased chlorophyll biomass of the California Current and equatorial upwelling. A comparison of satellite sea surface salinity (Aquarius) and glider-measured salinity revealed thin low salinity lenses in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. One glider survived a direct passage through a tropical cyclone. Two gliders traversed an open ocean phytoplankton bloom; extensive spiking in the chlorophyll fluorescence data is consistent with aggregation and highlights another potential future use for the gliders. On long missions, redundant instrumentation would aid in interpreting unusual data streams, as well as a means to periodically image the sensor heads. Instrument placement is critical to minimize bubble-related problems in the data. C1 [Villareal, Tracy A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Villareal, Tracy A.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX USA. [Wilson, Cara] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA USA. RP Villareal, TA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. EM tracyv@austin.utexas.edu RI Villareal, Tracy/I-9462-2012 FU Liquid Robotics FX This work is part of a sponsored competition by Liquid Robotics. They have selected 5 teams to prepare a manuscript that will be evaluated by an independent panel. Details may be found at: ? http://liquidr.com/pacx/challenge.html. This paper was selected as the winner and the authors have received a $50,000 research grant award from British Petroleum (deposited at the University of Texas, Austin and 6 months of glider time). This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. NR 61 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 33 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 21 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR e92280 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0092280 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AD6GL UT WOS:000333355300068 PM 24658053 ER PT J AU Bell, CJ Reid, S Faller, J Hammond, GD Hough, J Martin, IW Rowan, S Tokmakov, KV AF Bell, Chris J. Reid, Stuart Faller, James Hammond, Giles D. Hough, Jim Martin, Iain W. Rowan, Sheila Tokmakov, Kirill V. TI Experimental results for nulling the effective thermal expansion coefficient of fused silica fibres under a static stress SO CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY LA English DT Article DE thermoelastic loss noise; thermal expansion; gravitational wave; suspension; fused silica ID MECHANICAL LOSS; DISSIPATION; DEPENDENCE; SUSPENSION AB We have experimentally demonstrated that the effective thermal expansion coefficient of a fused silica fibre can be nulled by placing the fibre under a particular level of stress. Our technique involves heating the fibre and measuring how the fibre length changes with temperature as the stress on the fibre was systematically varied. This nulling of the effective thermal expansion coefficient should allow for the complete elimination of thermoelastic noise and is essential for allowing second generation gravitational wave detectors to reach their target sensitivity. To our knowledge this is the first time that the cancelation of the thermal expansion coefficient with stress has been experimentally observed. C1 [Bell, Chris J.; Faller, James; Hammond, Giles D.; Hough, Jim; Martin, Iain W.; Rowan, Sheila; Tokmakov, Kirill V.] Univ Glasgow, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Reid, Stuart] Univ West Scotland, Thin Film Ctr, SUPA, Paisley PA1 2BE, Renfrew, Scotland. [Faller, James] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Faller, James] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tokmakov, Kirill V.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, SUPA, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. RP Bell, CJ (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, Kelvin Bldg, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. EM c.bell.physics.gla@gmail.com FU Royal Society Research Fellowship; STFC; University of Glasgow in the UK; NSF in the USA FX The authors would like to thank Colin Craig and Stephen Craig for their work towards the construction of the laser fibre pulling machine. We would like to thank Professor Kenneth Strain for his assistance taking photographs and Steve Penn for his useful discussions. We would also like to thank our colleagues in the GEO600 project, the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), and the LIGO Scientific Collaboration for their interest in this work. We also wish to thank the ILIAS Strega project and Leverhulme Trust for support. Author IW Martin is supported by a Royal Society Research Fellowship. We are grateful for the financial support provided by the STFC and the University of Glasgow in the UK and the NSF in the USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0264-9381 EI 1361-6382 J9 CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV JI Class. Quantum Gravity PD MAR 21 PY 2014 VL 31 IS 6 AR 065010 DI 10.1088/0264-9381/31/6/065010 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA AC0TF UT WOS:000332207100012 ER PT J AU Simon, JB Armitage, PJ AF Simon, Jacob B. Armitage, Philip J. TI EFFICIENCY OF PARTICLE TRAPPING IN THE OUTER REGIONS OF PROTOPLANETARY DISKS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); planets and satellites: formation; protoplanetary disks; turbulence ID 3-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; UNSPLIT GODUNOV METHOD; ACCRETION DISKS; MAGNETOROTATIONAL-INSTABILITY; CONSTRAINED TRANSPORT; PLANETESIMAL FORMATION; DRIVEN ACCRETION; RIEMANN SOLVER; ZONAL FLOWS; IDEAL MHD AB We investigate the strength of axisymmetric local pressure maxima ( zonal flows) in the outer regions of protoplanetary disks, where ambipolar diffusion reduces turbulent stresses driven by the magnetorotational instability. Using local numerical simulations we show that in the absence of net vertical magnetic fields, the strength of turbulence in the ambipolar dominated region of the disk is low and any zonal flows that are present are weak. For net fields strong enough to yield observed protostellar accretion rates, however, zonal flows with a density amplitude of 10%-20% are formed. These strengths are comparable to those seen in simulations of ideal MHD disk turbulence. We investigate whether these zonal flows are able to reverse the inward radial drift of solids, leading to prolonged and enhanced concentration as a prelude to planetesimal formation. For commonly assumed mean surface density profiles (surface density Sigma proportional to r(-1/2) or steeper) we find that the predicted perturbations to the background disk profile do not correspond to local pressure maxima. This is a consequence of radial width of the simulated zonal flows, which is larger than was assumed in prior analytic models of particle trapping. These larger scale flows would only trap particles for higher amplitude fluctuations than observed. We conclude that zonal flows are likely to be present in the outer regions of protoplanetary disks and are potentially large enough to be observable, but are unlikely to lead to strong particle trapping. C1 [Simon, Jacob B.] Southwest Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Simon, Jacob B.; Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Simon, Jacob B.; Armitage, Philip J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Simon, JB (reprint author), Southwest Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM jbsimon.astro@gmail.com FU NASA [NNX13AI58G]; NSF [AST 1313021]; Space Telescope Science Institute [HST-AR-12814] FX We thank our collaborator Xuening Bai for his work on the ambipolar disk simulations and Rebecca Martin and Jeff Oishi for useful comments regarding this work. We also thank the anonymous referee, whose suggestions greatly enhanced the quality of this work. We acknowledge support from NASA through grant NNX13AI58G, from the NSF through grant AST 1313021, and from grant HST-AR-12814 awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contact NAS 5-26555. J.B.S.'s support was provided in part under contract with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program executed by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. This research was supported by an allocation of advanced computing resources provided by the National Science Foundation. The computations were performed on Kraken and Nautilus at the National Institute for Computational Sciences through XSEDE grant TG-AST120062. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2014 VL 784 IS 1 AR 15 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/784/1/15 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AG5KD UT WOS:000335457000015 ER PT J AU Amaro, RL Rustagi, N Drexler, ES Slifka, AJ AF Amaro, Robert L. Rustagi, Neha Drexler, Elizabeth S. Slifka, Andrew J. TI Sensitivity Analysis of Fatigue Crack Growth Model for API Steels in Gaseous Hydrogen SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE API steel; hydrogen-assisted fatigue crack growth; model; sensitivity analysis ID PIPELINE STEEL AB A model to predict fatigue crack growth of API pipeline steels in high pressure gaseous hydrogen has been developed and is presented elsewhere. The model currently has several parameters that must be calibrated for each pipeline steel of interest. This work provides a sensitivity analysis of the model parameters in order to provide (a) insight to the underlying mathematical and mechanistic aspects of the model, and (b) guidance for model calibration of other API steels. C1 [Amaro, Robert L.; Rustagi, Neha; Drexler, Elizabeth S.; Slifka, Andrew J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Struct Mat Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Amaro, RL (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Struct Mat Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM robert.amaro@nist.gov; neharustagi618@gmail.com; elizabeth.drexler@nist.gov; andrew.slifka@nist.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR 20 PY 2014 VL 119 BP 6 EP 14 DI 10.6028/jres.119.002 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AG5IQ UT WOS:000335453100001 PM 26601024 ER PT J AU Konold, P Regmi, CK Chapagain, PP Gerstman, BS Jimenez, R AF Konold, Patrick Regmi, Chola K. Chapagain, Prem P. Gerstman, Bernard S. Jimenez, Ralph TI Hydrogen Bond Flexibility Correlates with Stokes Shift in mPlum Variants SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID RED-FLUORESCENT PROTEINS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SOLVATION DYNAMICS; DSRED CHROMOPHORE; EXCITED-STATES; EVOLUTION; HYDRATION; INSIGHT; COLOR AB Fluorescent proteins have revolutionized molecular biology research and provide a means of tracking subcellular processes with extraordinary spatial and temporal precision. Species with emission beyond 650 nm offer the potential for deeper tissue penetration and lengthened imaging times; however, the origin of their extended Stokes shift is not fully understood. We employed spectrally resolved transient grating spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the relationship between the flexibility of the chromophore environment and Stokes shift in mPlum. We examined excited state solvation dynamics in a panel of strategic point mutants of residues E16 and I65 proposed to participate in a hydrogen-bonding interaction thought responsible for its red-shifted emission. We observed two characteristic relaxation constants of a few picoseconds and tens of picoseconds that were assigned to survival times of direct and water-mediated hydrogen bonds at the 16-65 position. Moreover, variants of the largest Stokes shift (mPlum, I65V) exhibited significant decay on both time scales, indicating the bathochromic shift correlates with a facile switching between a direct and water-mediated hydrogen bond. This dynamic model underscores the role of environmental flexibility in the mechanism of excited state solvation and provides a template for engineering next-generation red fluorescent proteins. C1 [Konold, Patrick; Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Konold, Patrick; Jimenez, Ralph] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Konold, Patrick; Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Regmi, Chola K.; Chapagain, Prem P.; Gerstman, Bernard S.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Jimenez, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rjimenez@jila.colorado.edu FU NSF Physics Frontier Center at JILA; National Institutes of Health [GM083849, SC3GM096903] FX This work was supported by the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JILA and by the National Institutes of Health (GM083849 to R.J. and SC3GM096903 to P.C.). We acknowledge the computing resources provided by the Instructional and Research Computing Center (IRCC) at Florida International University. R.J. is a staff member in the Quantum Physics Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the NIST, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 20 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 11 BP 2940 EP 2948 DI 10.1021/jp412371y PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AD6OX UT WOS:000333381800016 PM 24611679 ER PT J AU Hawkyard, M Laurel, B Langdon, C AF Hawkyard, Matt Laurel, Ben Langdon, Chris TI Rotifers enriched with taurine by microparticulate and dissolved enrichment methods influence the growth and metamorphic development of northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) larvae SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Taurine; Wax spray beads; Microparticles; Rotifers; Enrichment; Prey quality ID MARINE FISH LARVAE; DECARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY; JAPANESE FLOUNDER; ACID; SUPPLEMENTATION; REQUIREMENTS; NUTRITION; NUTRIENTS; COPEPODS; ARTEMIA AB Naturally occurring taurine concentrations in rotifers may not meet the nutritional requirements for species of cultured marine fish during the larval stages. Traditional methods for the enrichment of rotifers by immersion in a nutrient solution may be inefficient and may promote the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Microparticles, specifically wax spray beads (WSBs), have the potential to efficiently enrich live prey with water-soluble substances while maintaining optimal wafer quality for larviculture. The objectives of this study were to 1) compare he efficiency of enriching rotifers using wax spray beads (WSBs) versus methods whereby rotifers were immersed in solutions of famine dissolved in the enrichment water (hereon referred to as the dissolved method) and 2) determine if northern rock sole (Lepidupsetta polyxystra) larvae show increased growth and development as a result of elevated concentrations of Laurine in enriched rotifers. Leaching trials and rotifer enrichment trials were conducted to address Objective 1, and a seven week larval growth trial was conducted to address Objective 2. Results indicated that taurine-WSB enrichment was highly efficient, in that rotifers had higher taurine concentrations (by dry weight) and less taurine was used to enrich rotifers compared to the dissolved method. At the end of the seven-week feeding trial, larvae fed taurine-WSB enriched rotifers (Taurine-WSB) as well as those fed rotifers enriched in 4000 mg taurine(-1) (Dissolved 4000 mg l(-1)) were larger than larvae fed rotifers that had not been enriched with taurine (Control). However, larvae fed rotifers enriched in 50 mg taurine l(-1) (Dissolved 50 mg l(-1)) were not significantly larger than larvae in the Control treatment. We conclude that northern rock sole larvae benefit from taurine-enriched rotifers and that enrichment via WSBs is an effective and efficient method for delivering water-soluble nutrients to cold-water fish larvae. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hawkyard, Matt; Langdon, Chris] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Laurel, Ben] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Behav Ecol Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Hawkyard, M (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Hawkyard@onid.orst.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Aquaculture Initiative [NA08-OAR-4170841]; Agriculture and Food Research Initiative from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2012-67015-19454] FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Aquaculture Initiative grant # NA08-OAR-4170841 and by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2012-67015-19454 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. We are grateful for all of the help and assistance provided by researchers and technicians at the NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center and for the use of facilities and resources at the Hatfield Marine Science Center. Finally, we'd like to thank Mike Rust and Wilson Pinto for their feedback during the preparation of this manuscript. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAR 20 PY 2014 VL 424 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.12.035 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AC3HR UT WOS:000332408400019 ER PT J AU Steyrleuthner, R Di Pietro, R Collins, BA Polzer, F Himmelberger, S Schubert, M Chen, ZH Zhang, SM Salleo, A Ade, H Facchetti, A Neher, D AF Steyrleuthner, Robert Di Pietro, Riccardo Collins, Brian A. Polzer, Frank Himmelberger, Scott Schubert, Marcel Chen, Zhihua Zhang, Shiming Salleo, Alberto Ade, Harald Facchetti, Antonio Neher, Dieter TI The Role of Regioregularity, Crystallinity, and Chain Orientation on Electron Transport in a High-Mobility n-Type Copolymer SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; FILM MORPHOLOGY; PERFORMANCE; POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); AMBIPOLAR; ACCEPTOR AB We investigated the correlation between the polymer backbone structural regularity and the charge transport properties of poly{[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenediimide-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithio-phene)} [P(NDI2OD-T2)], a widely studied semiconducting polymer exhibiting high electron mobility and an unconventional micromorphology. To understand the influence of the chemical structure and crystal packing of conventional regioregular P(NDI2OD-T2) [RR-P(NDI2OD-T2)] on the charge transport, the corresponding regioirregular polymer RIP(NDI2OD-T2) was synthesized. By combining optical, X-ray, and transmission electron microscopy data, we quantitatively characterized the aggregation, crystallization, and backbone orientation of all of the polymer films, which were then correlated to the electron mobilities in electron-only diodes. By carefully selecting the preparation conditions, we were able to obtain RR-P(NDI2OD-T2) films with similar crystalline structure along the three crystallographic axes but with different orientations of the polymer chains with respect to the substrate surface. RI-P(NDI2OD-T2), though exhibiting a rather similar LUMO structure and energy compared with the regioregular counterpart, displayed a very different packing structure characterized by the formation of ordered stacks along the lamellar direction without detectible pi-stacking. Vertical electron mobilities were extracted from the space-charge-limited currents in unipolar devices. We demonstrate the anisotropy of the charge transport along the different crystallographic directions and how the mobility depends on if-stacking but is insensitive to the degree or coherence of lamellar stacking. The comparison between the regioregular and regioirregular polymers also shows how the use of large planar functional groups leads to improved charge transport, with mobilities that are less affected by chemical and structural disorder with respect to classic semicrystalline polymers such as poly(3-hexylthiophene). C1 [Steyrleuthner, Robert; Di Pietro, Riccardo; Schubert, Marcel; Neher, Dieter] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Collins, Brian A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Polzer, Frank] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Himmelberger, Scott; Salleo, Alberto] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Chen, Zhihua; Zhang, Shiming; Facchetti, Antonio] Polyera Corp, Skokie, IL 60077 USA. [Ade, Harald] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Facchetti, A (reprint author), Polyera Corp, 8045 Lamon Ave,Suite 140, Skokie, IL 60077 USA. EM a-facchetti@northwestern.edu; neher@uni-potsdam.de RI Collins, Brian/M-5182-2013; Himmelberger, Scott/I-9219-2014; Zhang, Shiming/M-5959-2016; Neher, Dieter/A-9334-2015; OI Collins, Brian/0000-0003-2047-8418; Himmelberger, Scott/0000-0001-9728-545X; Zhang, Shiming/0000-0002-7062-6661; Schubert, Marcel/0000-0002-8739-4852; Steyrleuthner, Robert/0000-0002-8484-4037 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [CRC 951]; Joint Lab for Structural Research Berlin; DFG [SPP 1355]; NIST-NRC Postdoctoral Fellowship Program; DOE, OS, BES, MSE [DE-FG02-98ER45737]; DOE [DE-AC02-05CH1123]; German Federal Ministry of Science and Education within SOHyb [BMBF FKZ 03X3525D, FKZ 03X3525D]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) within the Collaborative Research Centre HIOS [SFB 951] FX F.P. thanks the CRC 951 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and the Joint Lab for Structural Research Berlin for funding. M.S. acknowledges funding by the DFG within the SPP 1355. BAC, acknowledges financial support from the NIST-NRC Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. H.A. was supported by DOE, OS, BES, MSE (DE-FG02-98ER45737). GIXD data were acquired at beamline 7.3.3 of the Advanced Light Source, a National User Facility supported by DOE (DE-AC02-05CH1123). Part of this work was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Science and Education (BMBF FKZ 03X3525D) within SOHyb (FKZ 03X3525D). D.N. thanks the DFG for a travel grant. This work was financially supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) within the Collaborative Research Centre HIOS (SFB 951). The authors acknowledge Gert-Jan Wetzelaer and Jan-Anton Koster for help in the preparation of the SCLC diodes used in this work and Dr. Holm Kirmse for fruitful discussion concerning the TEM results. NR 60 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 18 U2 165 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 19 PY 2014 VL 136 IS 11 BP 4245 EP 4256 DI 10.1021/ja4118736 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AD7HV UT WOS:000333435500026 PM 24524296 ER PT J AU Furukawa, H Gandara, F Zhang, YB Jiang, JC Queen, WL Hudson, MR Yaghi, OM AF Furukawa, Hiroyasu Gandara, Felipe Zhang, Yue-Biao Jiang, Juncong Queen, Wendy L. Hudson, Matthew R. Yaghi, Omar M. TI Water Adsorption in Porous Metal-Organic Frameworks and Related Materials SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HEAT TRANSFORMATION; SORPTION CHARACTERISTICS; STORAGE APPLICATIONS; MOLECULAR-SIEVE; ENERGY STORAGE; MOFS; SURFACE; UIO-66; PUMP; DEHUMIDIFICATION AB Water adsorption in porous materials is important for many applications such as dehumidification, thermal batteries, and delivery of drinking water in remote areas. In this study, we have identified three criteria for achieving high performing porous materials for water adsorption. These criteria deal with condensation pressure of water in the pores, uptake capacity, and recyclability and water stability of the material. In search of an excellently performing porous material, we have studied and compared the water adsorption properties of 23 materials, 20 of which are metal organic frameworks (MOFs). Among the MOFs are 10 zirconium(IV) MOFs with a subset of these, MOF-801-SC (single crystal form), -802, -805, -806, -808, -812, and -841 reported for the first time. MOF-801-P (microcrystalline powder form) was reported earlier and studied here for its water adsorption properties. MOF-812 was only made and structurally characterized but not examined for water adsorption because it is a byproduct of MOF-841 synthesis. All the new zirconium MOFs are made from the Zr6O4(OH)(4)(-CO2)(n) secondary building units (n = 6, 8, 10, or 12) and variously shaped carboxyl organic linkers to make extended porous frameworks. The permanent porosity of all 23 materials was confirmed and their water adsorption measured to reveal that MOF-801-P and MOF-841 are the highest performers based on the three criteria stated above; they are water stable, do not lose capacity after five adsorption/desorption cycles, and are easily regenerated at room temperature. An X-ray single-crystal study and a powder neutron diffraction study reveal the position of the water adsorption sites in MOF-801 and highlight the importance of the intermolecular interaction between adsorbed water molecules within the pores. C1 [Furukawa, Hiroyasu; Gandara, Felipe; Zhang, Yue-Biao; Jiang, Juncong; Yaghi, Omar M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Furukawa, Hiroyasu; Gandara, Felipe; Zhang, Yue-Biao; Jiang, Juncong; Yaghi, Omar M.] Kavli Energy NanoSci Inst Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Queen, Wendy L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hudson, Matthew R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20885 USA. RP Yaghi, OM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yaghi@berkeley.edu RI EFRC, CGS/I-6680-2012; Gandara, Felipe/B-9198-2013; Stangl, Kristin/D-1502-2015; ZHANG, Yue-Biao/E-7870-2011; Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014; Furukawa, Hiroyasu/C-5910-2008; OI Gandara, Felipe/0000-0002-1671-6260; ZHANG, Yue-Biao/0000-0002-8270-1067; Furukawa, Hiroyasu/0000-0002-6082-1738; Queen, Wendy/0000-0002-8375-2341; Yaghi, Omar/0000-0002-5611-3325 FU BASF SE (Ludwigshafen, Germany); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Energy Frontier Research Center Grant [DE-SC0001015]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DOE Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) [DE-AR0000185]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NIST/NRC Fellowship Program; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences [DE-FG02-12ER16362] FX The work was partially supported for the synthesis by BASF SE (Ludwigshafen, Germany), general adsorption characterization by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Energy Frontier Research Center Grant DE-SC0001015 and by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, and water adsorption by DOE Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) (DE-AR0000185). We acknowledge Dr. D. K. Britt and Mr. F. Fatollahi-Fard (The Molecular Foundry at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) for providing CAU-10 sample, Drs. M. Hmadeh, D. Pen, H. Deng, W. Morris, and A. Duong and Ms. L. Wang from the Yaghi group for their assistance in sample preparation at the initial stages of this work, and Drs. S. Teat and K. Gagnon (Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) for support during the single-crystal diffraction data acquisition at the beamline 11.3.1. Work at the Molecular Foundry and the Advanced Light Source was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We thank the NIST/NRC Fellowship Program for the support of M.R.H. We also acknowledge Prof. E. N. Wang (MIT) and Dr. S. Narayanan (MIT), Dr. U. Muller (BASF) and Prof. M. O'Keeffe (ASU) for their interest and invaluable discussions. The in-situ structural work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences under Award DE-FG02-12ER16362. NR 68 TC 283 Z9 284 U1 116 U2 811 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 19 PY 2014 VL 136 IS 11 BP 4369 EP 4381 DI 10.1021/ja500330a PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AD7HV UT WOS:000333435500040 PM 24588307 ER PT J AU Dodge, KL Galuardi, B Miller, TJ Lutcavage, ME AF Dodge, Kara L. Galuardi, Benjamin Miller, Timothy J. Lutcavage, Molly E. TI Leatherback Turtle Movements, Dive Behavior, and Habitat Characteristics in Ecoregions of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TUNA THUNNUS-THYNNUS; SATELLITE ARCHIVAL TAGS; LONG-DISTANCE MIGRATION; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; SEA-TURTLES; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CARETTA-CARETTA; SCALE MOVEMENTS; GPS TRACKING AB Leatherback sea turtles, Dermochelys coriacea, are highly migratory predators that feed exclusively on gelatinous zooplankton, thus playing a unique role in coastal and pelagic food webs. From 2007 to 2010, we used satellite telemetry to monitor the movements and dive behavior of nine adult and eleven subadult leatherbacks captured on the Northeast USA shelf and tracked throughout the Northwest Atlantic. Leatherback movements and environmental associations varied by oceanographic region, with slow, sinuous, area-restricted search behavior and shorter, shallower dives occurring in cool (median sea surface temperature: 18.4 degrees C), productive (median chlorophyll a: 0.80 mg m(-3)), shallow (median bathymetry: 57 m) shelf habitat with strong sea surface temperature gradients (median SST gradient: 0.23 degrees C km(-1)) at temperate latitudes. Leatherbacks were highly aggregated in temperate shelf and slope waters during summer, early fall, and late spring and more widely dispersed in subtropical and tropical oceanic and neritic habitat during late fall, winter and early spring. We investigated the relationship of ecoregion, satellite-derived surface chlorophyll, satellite-derived sea surface temperature, SST gradient, chlorophyll gradient and bathymetry with leatherback search behavior using generalized linear mixed-effects models. The most well supported model showed that differences in leatherback search behavior were best explained by ecoregion and regional differences in bathymetry and SST. Within the Northwest Atlantic Shelves region, leatherbacks increased path sinuosity (i.e., looping movements) with increasing SST, but this relationship reversed within the Gulf Stream region. Leatherbacks increased path sinuosity with decreasing water depth in temperate and tropical shelf habitats. This relationship is consistent with increasing epipelagic gelatinous zooplankton biomass with decreasing water depth, and bathymetry may be a key feature in identifying leatherback foraging habitat in neritic regions. High-use habitat for leatherbacks in our study occurred in coastal waters of the North American eastern seaboard and eastern Caribbean, putting turtles at heightened risk from land- and ocean-based human activity. C1 [Dodge, Kara L.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Dodge, Kara L.; Galuardi, Benjamin; Lutcavage, Molly E.] Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Large Pelag Res Ctr, Gloucester, MA USA. [Miller, Timothy J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Dodge, KL (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM kara.dodge@post.harvard.edu FU University of New Hampshire; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA04NMF4550391]; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2008-0076-000]; Cape Cod Commercial Fishermen's Alliance; Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries through National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA07NMF4720052] FX KD was supported by a University of New Hampshire Marine Program Fellowship administered by the Large Pelagics Research Center. This study was funded by a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Grant #NA04NMF4550391 (www.noaa.gov) and National Fish and Wildlife Foundation Grant #2008-0076-000 (www.nfwf.org) to ML. Additional funding was provided by the Cape Cod Commercial Fishermen's Alliance (www.capecodfishermen.org). Turtle disentanglement was supported by the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries through National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Grant #NA07NMF4720052. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 118 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 71 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 19 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR e91726 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0091726 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AD6ER UT WOS:000333348500048 PM 24646920 ER PT J AU Radney, JG You, RA Ma, XF Conny, JM Zachariah, MR Hodges, JT Zangmeister, CD AF Radney, James G. You, Rian Ma, Xiaofei Conny, Joseph M. Zachariah, Michael R. Hodges, Joseph T. Zangmeister, Christopher D. TI Dependence of Soot Optical Properties on Particle Morphology: Measurements and Model Comparisons SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BLACK CARBON; DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; ORGANIC-CARBON; AGGREGATE MORPHOLOGY; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; MASS ANALYZER; CAVITY RING; SPECTROSCOPY AB We report the first mass-specific absorption and extinction cross sections for size- and mass-selected laboratory-generated soot aerosol. Measurement biases associated with aerosols possessing multiple charges were eliminated using mass selection to isolate singly charged particles for a specified electrical mobility diameter. Aerosol absorption and extinction coefficients were measured using photoacoustic and cavity ring-down spectroscopy techniques, respectively, for lacey and compacted soot morphologies. The measurements show that the mass-specific absorption cross sections are proportional to particle mass and independent of morphology, with values between 5.7 and 6 m(2) g(-1). Mass-specific extinction cross sections were morphology dependent and ranged between 12 and 16 m(2) g(-1) for the lacey and compact morphologies, respectively. The resulting single-scattering albedos ranged from 0.5 to 0.6. Results are also compared to theoretical calculations of light absorption and scattering from simulated particle agglomerates. The observed absorption is relatively well modeled, with minimum differences between the calculated and measured mass absorption cross sections ranging from similar to 5% (lacey soot) to 14% (compact soot). The model, however, was unable to satisfactorily reproduce the measured extinction, underestimating the single-scattering albedo for both particle morphologies. These discrepancies between calculations and measurements underscore the need for validation and refinement of existing models of light scattering and absorption by soot agglomerates. C1 [Radney, James G.; You, Rian; Ma, Xiaofei; Conny, Joseph M.; Zachariah, Michael R.; Hodges, Joseph T.; Zangmeister, Christopher D.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Radney, James G.; You, Rian; Ma, Xiaofei; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Radney, James G.; You, Rian; Ma, Xiaofei; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zangmeister, CD (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cdzang@nist.gov OI Radney, James/0000-0001-7324-8769 NR 47 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 8 U2 67 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 18 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 6 BP 3169 EP 3176 DI 10.1021/es4041804 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AE2AP UT WOS:000333776000012 PM 24548253 ER PT J AU Hickstein, DD Dollar, F Gaffney, JA Foord, ME Petrov, GM Palm, BB Keister, KE Ellis, JL Ding, CY Libby, SB Jimenez, JL Kapteyn, HC Murnane, MM Xiong, W AF Hickstein, Daniel D. Dollar, Franklin Gaffney, Jim A. Foord, Mark E. Petrov, George M. Palm, Brett B. Keister, K. Ellen Ellis, Jennifer L. Ding, Chengyuan Libby, Stephen B. Jimenez, Jose L. Kapteyn, Henry C. Murnane, Margaret M. Xiong, Wei TI Observation and Control of Shock Waves in Individual Nanoplasmas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC CLUSTERS; NUCLEAR-FUSION; LASER; PLASMA; PHOTOELECTRON; EXPLOSIONS; ABSORPTION; DYNAMICS; IONS AB Using an apparatus that images the momentum distribution of individual, isolated 100-nm-scale plasmas, we make the first experimental observation of shock waves in nanoplasmas. We demonstrate that the introduction of a heating pulse prior to the main laser pulse increases the intensity of the shock wave, producing a strong burst of quasimonoenergetic ions with an energy spread of less than 15%. Numerical hydrodynamic calculations confirm the appearance of accelerating shock waves and provide a mechanism for the generation and control of these shock waves. This observation of distinct shock waves in dense plasmas enables the control, study, and exploitation of nanoscale shock phenomena with tabletop-scale lasers. C1 [Hickstein, Daniel D.; Dollar, Franklin; Keister, K. Ellen; Ellis, Jennifer L.; Ding, Chengyuan; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Xiong, Wei] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hickstein, Daniel D.; Dollar, Franklin; Keister, K. Ellen; Ellis, Jennifer L.; Ding, Chengyuan; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Xiong, Wei] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hickstein, Daniel D.; Dollar, Franklin; Keister, K. Ellen; Ellis, Jennifer L.; Ding, Chengyuan; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Xiong, Wei] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gaffney, Jim A.; Foord, Mark E.; Libby, Stephen B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Petrov, George M.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Palm, Brett B.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Palm, Brett B.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hickstein, DD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Dollar, Franklin/C-9214-2013; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; OI Dollar, Franklin/0000-0003-3346-5763; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Gaffney, Jim/0000-0002-2408-0047 FU DOE Office of Fusion Energy Sciences [DE-SC0008803]; DOE [DE-SC0006035, NOAA NA13OAR4310063]; DOE Office of Fusion Energy, HED Laboratory Plasmas Program [AT5015033]; U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Naval Research Laboratory 6.1 Base Program FX D. D. H., W. X., F. D., C. D., K. E. K., J. L. E., M. M. M., and H. C. K. acknowledge support from the DOE Office of Fusion Energy Sciences Contract No. DE-SC0008803. B. B. P. and J. L. J. thank DOE Contracts No. DE-SC0006035 and No. NOAA NA13OAR4310063 for support. J. A. G. would like to thank Marty Marinak (LLNL) for his assistance with HYDRA simulations. S. B. L., M. E. F, and J. A. G. acknowledge support from the DOE Office of Fusion Energy, HED Laboratory Plasmas Program, under Grant No. AT5015033. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. G. M. P. acknowledges support from the Naval Research Laboratory 6.1 Base Program. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 18 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 11 AR 115004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.115004 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AD0LQ UT WOS:000332925900017 PM 24702383 ER PT J AU Anovitz, LM Cole, DR Swift, A Sheets, J Elston, H Guitierrez, M Cook, A Chipera, SJ Littrell, KC Mildner, DFR Wasbrough, M Wesolowski, DJ AF Anovitz, Lawrence M. Cole, David R. Swift, Alexander Sheets, Julie Elston, H. Guitierrez, M. Cook, Ann Chipera, Steve J. Littrell, Kenneth C. Mildner, David F. R. Wasbrough, Matthew Wesolowski, David J. TI Variations in multiscale (nano to mm) porosity in the Eagle Ford shale as a function of maturity SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Anovitz, Lawrence M.; Wesolowski, David J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Cole, David R.; Swift, Alexander; Sheets, Julie; Elston, H.; Guitierrez, M.; Cook, Ann] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Chipera, Steve J.] Chesapeake Energy, Oklahoma City, OK 73118 USA. [Littrell, Kenneth C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Mildner, David F. R.; Wasbrough, Matthew] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM anovitzlm@ornl.gov RI Anovitz, Lawrence/P-3144-2016; Littrell, Kenneth/D-2106-2013 OI Anovitz, Lawrence/0000-0002-2609-8750; Littrell, Kenneth/0000-0003-2308-8618 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 51-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457600708 ER PT J AU Biser, T Meyer, RL Stromberg, C Heilweil, EJ AF Biser, Tara Meyer, Rachel L. Stromberg, Christopher Heilweil, Edwin J. TI Time-resolved infrared spectroscopy of[FeFe]-hydrogenase model compounds SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Biser, Tara; Meyer, Rachel L.; Stromberg, Christopher] Hood Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tb12@hood.edu; rlm22@hood.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 405-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457603787 ER PT J AU Bloch, ED Hudson, MR Queen, WL Mason, JA Zadrozny, JM Chavan, S Bordiga, S Brown, CM Long, JR AF Bloch, Eric D. Hudson, Matthew R. Queen, Wendy L. Mason, Jarad A. Zadrozny, Joseph M. Chavan, Sachin Bordiga, Silvia Brown, Craig M. Long, Jeffrey R. TI Characterization of high-spin metal-carbonyls in metal-organic frameworks with exposed cation sites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Bloch, Eric D.; Mason, Jarad A.; Zadrozny, Joseph M.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hudson, Matthew R.; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Queen, Wendy L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chavan, Sachin; Bordiga, Silvia] Univ Turin, Dept Inorgan Phys & Mat Chem, Turin, Italy. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ericbloch@berkeley.edu RI Bordiga, Silvia/M-3875-2014 OI Bordiga, Silvia/0000-0003-2371-4156 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 54-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457601159 ER PT J AU Cain, AA Nolen, CR Li, YC Davis, R Grunlan, JC AF Cain, Amanda A. Nolen, Craig R. Li, Yu-Chin Davis, Rick Grunlan, Jaime C. TI Nanobrick walls intercalated with intumescent polymeric mortar create hybrid flame-retardant nanocoatings for foam SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Cain, Amanda A.; Nolen, Craig R.; Grunlan, Jaime C.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Li, Yu-Chin; Davis, Rick] NIST, Flammabil Reduct Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM AmandaACain@gmail.com RI Grunlan, Jaime/K-3242-2016 OI Grunlan, Jaime/0000-0001-5241-9741 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 1-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457603860 ER PT J AU Chaka, AM Oxford, GAE AF Chaka, Anne M. Oxford, Gloria A. E. TI Cr(III) adsorption and oxidation on hydrated beta-MnO2(110) and gamma-MnOOH(010) surfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Chaka, Anne M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Phys Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Oxford, Gloria A. E.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM anne.chaka@pnnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 156-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457600798 ER PT J AU Chen, N Sacui, LA Woodcock, J Zammarano, M Stranick, S Myers, G Gilman, JW AF Chen, Ning Sacui, Lulia A. Woodcock, Jeremiah Zammarano, Mauro Stranick, Stephan Myers, Grant Gilman, Jeffrey W. TI Preparation of a photoactivatable fluorescent dye labeled epoxy monomer and its application in FRET measurements of sustainable nanocomposites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Chen, Ning; Sacui, Lulia A.; Woodcock, Jeremiah; Stranick, Stephan; Myers, Grant; Gilman, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zammarano, Mauro] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Ning; Sacui, Lulia A.; Woodcock, Jeremiah] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Zammarano, Mauro] Amer Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM ning.chen@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 46-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457604449 ER PT J AU Cleary, P Fuhrman, N Schafer, J Fillingham, J Bootsma, H Williams, E Langel, T Brown, S AF Cleary, Patricia Fuhrman, Nathan Schafer, John Fillingham, Joseph Bootsma, Harvey Williams, Eric Langel, Thomas Brown, Steven TI Bias of CMAQ model forecast O-3 output over Lake Michigan by comparison with routine ferry-based O-3 observations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Cleary, Patricia; Fuhrman, Nathan] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. [Schafer, John; Fillingham, Joseph; Bootsma, Harvey] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Freshwater Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. [Williams, Eric; Langel, Thomas; Brown, Steven] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM clearypa@uwec.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 286-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457600489 ER PT J AU DeCaluwe, SC Dura, JA Robertson, JWF Castaneda, MJ AF DeCaluwe, Steven C. Dura, Joseph A. Robertson, Joseph W. F. Castaneda, Monica J. TI In situ neutron reflectometry of Nafion thin film properties in model PEMFC catalyst layers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [DeCaluwe, Steven C.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Mech Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Dura, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Robertson, Joseph W. F.] NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Castaneda, Monica J.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM decaluwe@mines.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 431-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457603810 ER PT J AU Dura, JA AF Dura, Joseph A. TI In-operando electrochemical neutron reflectometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Dura, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.dura@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 244-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457603644 ER PT J AU Gao, Y Chandran, P Nieuwendaal, R Hammouda, B Douglas, J Xu, B Horkay, F AF Gao, Yuan Chandran, Preethi Nieuwendaal, Ryan Hammouda, Boualem Douglas, Jack Xu, Bing Horkay, Ferenc TI Formation of enzyme instructed supramolecular hydrogels/nanofibers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Gao, Yuan; Chandran, Preethi; Horkay, Ferenc] NICHD, PPITS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gao, Yuan; Nieuwendaal, Ryan; Douglas, Jack] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gao, Yuan; Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gao, Yuan; Xu, Bing] Brandeis Univ, Dept Chem, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. EM yuan.gao@nih.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 632-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457605164 ER PT J AU Gao, Y Berciu, C Chandran, P Nieuwendaal, R Kuang, Y Douglas, J Nicastro, D Horkay, F Xu, B AF Gao, Yuan Berciu, Cristina Chandran, Preethi Nieuwendaal, Ryan Kuang, Yi Douglas, Jack Nicastro, Daniela Horkay, Ferenc Xu, Bing TI Probing self-assembly of non-fluorescent small molecules inside live mammalian cells SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Gao, Yuan; Chandran, Preethi; Horkay, Ferenc] NICHD, PPITS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gao, Yuan; Nieuwendaal, Ryan; Douglas, Jack] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gao, Yuan; Kuang, Yi; Xu, Bing] Brandeis Univ, Dept Chem, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. [Berciu, Cristina; Nicastro, Daniela] Brandeis Univ, Dept Biol, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. EM yuan.gaog@nih.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 407-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457604796 ER PT J AU Gilman, J AF Gilman, Jeffrey TI Flammability of polymer nanocomposites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Gilman, Jeffrey] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.gilman@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 191-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457604171 ER PT J AU Johnson, JO Letterman, RG Heilweil, EJ Webster, CE Burkey, TJ AF Johnson, Jermaine O. Letterman, Roger G. Heilweil, Edwin J. Webster, Charles Edwin Burkey, Theodore J. TI Synthesis and characterization of (eta(5)-Pentalenyl)Mn(CO)(2) complexes with tethered functional groups: Development of organometallic photochromes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Johnson, Jermaine O.; Letterman, Roger G.; Webster, Charles Edwin; Burkey, Theodore J.] Univ Memphis, Dept Chem, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jjhnsn26@memphis.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 286-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457601376 ER PT J AU Li, XY ShamsiJazeyi, H Pesek, SL Agrawal, A Hammouda, B Verduzco, R AF Li, Xianyu ShamsiJazeyi, Hadi Pesek, Stacy L. Agrawal, Aditya Hammouda, Boualem Verduzco, Rafael TI Thermoresponsive bottlebrush polymers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Li, Xianyu; ShamsiJazeyi, Hadi; Pesek, Stacy L.; Agrawal, Aditya; Verduzco, Rafael] Rice Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xl11@rice.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 263-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457604659 ER PT J AU Liddle, JA AF Liddle, James A. TI High-throughput measurements for carbon nanotube composite manufacturing SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Liddle, James A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM liddle@nist.gov RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 678-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457605205 ER PT J AU Lin, EK AF Lin, Eric K. TI Panel discussion: Emerging frontiers of polymer science and engineering SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Lin, Eric K.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.lin@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 164-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457604146 ER PT J AU Orski, SV Sheridan, RJ Chan, EP Beers, KL AF Orski, Sara V. Sheridan, Richard J. Chan, Edwin P. Beers, Kathryn L. TI Quantitative determination of grafting density in polymer brushes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Orski, Sara V.; Sheridan, Richard J.; Chan, Edwin P.; Beers, Kathryn L.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sara.orski@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 80-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457604482 ER PT J AU Pitkanen, L Striegel, AM AF Pitkaenen, Leena Striegel, Andre M. TI Characterization of star polystyrenes and their linear analogs by non-aqueous asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Pitkaenen, Leena; Striegel, Andre M.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM leena.pitkanen@nist.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 285-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457604681 ER PT J AU Richter, LJ AF Richter, Lee J. TI In-situ studies of organic photovoltaic active layer formation and stability SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Richter, Lee J.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lee.richter@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 156-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457604138 ER PT J AU Striegel, AM Brewer, AK AF Striegel, Andre M. Brewer, Amandaa K. TI Particle characterization by multi-detector HDC SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Striegel, Andre M.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brewer, Amandaa K.] Tosoh Biosci, King Of Prussia, PA 19406 USA. EM andre.striegel@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 109-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457604511 ER PT J AU Stromberg, CI Heilweil, EJ AF Stromberg, Christopher I. Heilweil, Edwin J. TI Ultraviolet/visible pump, time-resolved infrared probe spectroscopy of [FeFe]-hydrogenase model compounds SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Stromberg, Christopher I.] Hood Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stromberg@hood.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 442-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457603821 ER PT J AU Wei, ZW Feng, DW Krungleviciute, V Park, J Ferrando, J Zhou, HC Yildirim, T AF Wei, Zhangwen Feng, Dawei Krungleviciute, Vaiva Park, Jinhee Ferrando, Jesus Zhou, Hong-Cai Yildirim, Taner TI Tuning structures of metal-organic frameworks for gas adsorption application SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Wei, Zhangwen; Feng, Dawei; Park, Jinhee; Ferrando, Jesus; Zhou, Hong-Cai] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. [Krungleviciute, Vaiva; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krungleviciute, Vaiva; Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelhia, PA 19104 USA. EM zhangwen.wei@mail.chem.tamu.edu RI Wei, Zhangwen/D-2536-2016 OI Wei, Zhangwen/0000-0002-8378-2479 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 625-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457601700 ER PT J AU White, EM Seppala, JE Rushworth, PM Sharma, S Locklin, J AF White, Evan M. Seppala, Jonathan E. Rushworth, Parker M. Sharma, Suraj Locklin, Jason TI Switching the adhesive state of catecholic hydrogels using phototitration SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [White, Evan M.; Rushworth, Parker M.; Sharma, Suraj; Locklin, Jason] Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Seppala, Jonathan E.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM emwhite@uga.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 343-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457604738 ER PT J AU Woodcock, JW Sacui, I Chen, NW Zammarano, M Stranick, SW Gilman, JW AF Woodcock, Jeremiah W. Sacui, Iulia Chen, Ning W. Zammarano, Mauro Stranick, Stephen W. Gilman, Jeffrey W. TI Study of dynamics at a composite interphase as a result of applied stress using FRET SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Woodcock, Jeremiah W.; Sacui, Iulia; Chen, Ning W.; Stranick, Stephen W.; Gilman, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zammarano, Mauro] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Woodcock, Jeremiah W.; Sacui, Iulia; Chen, Ning W.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Zammarano, Mauro] Amer Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM jww@nist.gov; Mauro.Zammarano@nist.gov; jeffrey.gilman@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 226-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457604623 ER PT J AU Zhou, W AF Zhou, Wei TI Missing-linker defects in porous zirconium metal-organic frameworks and their important effects on gas adsorption SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Zhou, Wei] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM wzhou@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 312-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457603704 ER PT J AU Chua, YS Pei, QJ Ju, XH Zhou, W Udovic, TJ Wu, GT Xiong, ZT Chen, P Wu, H AF Chua, Yong Shen Pei, Qijun Ju, Xiaohua Zhou, Wei Udovic, Terrence J. Wu, Guotao Xiong, Zhitao Chen, Ping Wu, Hui TI Alkali metal hydrazinoboranes for hydrogen storage SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Chua, Yong Shen; Zhou, Wei; Udovic, Terrence J.; Wu, Hui] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Wei; Wu, Hui] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chua, Yong Shen; Ju, Xiaohua; Wu, Guotao; Xiong, Zhitao; Chen, Ping] Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Dalian Natl Lab Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, Peoples R China. [Pei, Qijun] Sichuan Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China. EM huiwu@nist.gov RI Chua, Yong Shen/J-3551-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 75-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HD UT WOS:000348455205082 ER PT J AU Davis, AC Manion, JA AF Davis, Alexander C. Manion, Jeffrey A. TI Experimental and theoretical study of the reaction of 2,5-Dimethylfuran with H and CH3 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Davis, Alexander C.; Manion, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alexander.davis@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 205-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HD UT WOS:000348455205203 ER PT J AU Dumas, M de Gouw, J Gilman, J Lerner, B Huges, D Jaksich, A AF Dumas, Megan de Gouw, Joost Gilman, Jessica Lerner, Brian Huges, Dagen Jaksich, Alyssa TI Volatile organic compound emissions in the Southeastern United States SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Dumas, Megan] Stonehill Coll, Easton, MA 02357 USA. [Dumas, Megan; de Gouw, Joost; Gilman, Jessica; Lerner, Brian] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [de Gouw, Joost; Gilman, Jessica; Lerner, Brian] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Huges, Dagen; Jaksich, Alyssa] Hendrix Coll, Conway, AR 72032 USA. EM mdumas@students.stonehill.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 701-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HD UT WOS:000348455202596 ER PT J AU Hsieh, PY Widegren, JA Fortin, TJ Bruno, TJ AF Hsieh, Peter Y. Widegren, Jason A. Fortin, Tara J. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Composite thermophysical property characterization of hydrotreated renewable and Fischer-Tropsch synthetic fuels SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hsieh, Peter Y.; Widegren, Jason A.; Fortin, Tara J.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM peter.hsieh@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 18-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HD UT WOS:000348455205027 ER PT J AU Hughes, D Jaksich, A Gilman, J Lerner, B Graus, M Dumas, M de Gouw, J Hatch, CD AF Hughes, Dagen Jaksich, Aiyssa Gilman, Jessica Lerner, Brian Graus, Martin Dumas, Megan de Gouw, Joost Hatch, Courtney D. TI Aircraft measurements of biogenic, urban, and industrial emissions in Arkansas SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hughes, Dagen; Jaksich, Aiyssa; Hatch, Courtney D.] Hendrix Coll, Dept Chem, Conway, AR 72032 USA. [Gilman, Jessica; Lerner, Brian; Graus, Martin; de Gouw, Joost] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gilman, Jessica; Lerner, Brian; Graus, Martin; de Gouw, Joost] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dumas, Megan] Stonehill Coll, Dept Chem, Easton, MA 02357 USA. EM HughesDD@hendrix.edu; JaksichAM@hendrix.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 706-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HD UT WOS:000348455202601 ER PT J AU Langdon, BB Kastantin, M Walder, R Schwartz, DK AF Langdon, Blake B. Kastantin, Mark Walder, Robert Schwartz, Daniel K. TI Single-molecule observations of dynamic protein-protein associations at the solid-liquid interface SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Langdon, Blake B.; Kastantin, Mark; Schwartz, Daniel K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Walder, Robert] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Walder, Robert] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM blake.langdon@gmail.com RI Walder, Robert/E-9502-2010 OI Walder, Robert/0000-0002-2904-4539 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA BIOT-362 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HD UT WOS:000348455201037 ER PT J AU Petersen, EI Reipa, V Watson, SS Stanley, DL Rabb, S Nelson, B AF Petersen, Elijah I. Reipa, Vytas Watson, Stephanie S. Stanley, Deborah L. Rabb, Savelas Nelson, Bryant TI DNA damaging potential of photoactivated P25 titanium dioxide nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Petersen, Elijah I.; Reipa, Vytas; Rabb, Savelas; Nelson, Bryant] NIST, Mat Management Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Watson, Stephanie S.; Stanley, Deborah L.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM elijah.petersen@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 404-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HD UT WOS:000348455204150 ER PT J AU Reipa, V Rhieu, S daSilva, S AF Reipa, Vytas Rhieu, Steve daSilva, Sandra TI Silver nitrate as a control in silver nanoparticle toxicity tests SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Reipa, Vytas; Rhieu, Steve; daSilva, Sandra] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vytas@nist.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 401-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HD UT WOS:000348455204147 ER PT J AU Roberts, CJ Chen, VK AF Roberts, Christopher J. Chen, Vincent K. TI Protein-protein interactions at low and high concentrations: "Patchy" particles, clustering, and phase behavior SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Roberts, Christopher J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Chen, Vincent K.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cjr@udel.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 74-BIOT PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HD UT WOS:000348455200645 ER PT J AU Rosado-Reyes, CM Tsang, W AF Rosado-Reyes, Claudette M. Tsang, Wing TI Thermal stability of larger carbonyl compounds: 2-methylbutyraldehyde SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Rosado-Reyes, Claudette M.; Tsang, Wing] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM claudette.rosado-reyes@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 208-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HD UT WOS:000348455205206 ER PT J AU Striegel, AM Morris, MJ AF Striegel, Andre M. Morris, Mallory J. TI Glycosidic linkage and the solution conformational entropy of gluco- and mannobioses SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Striegel, Andre M.; Morris, Mallory J.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Morris, Mallory J.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM andre.striegel@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 57-CARB PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HD UT WOS:000348455201174 ER PT J AU Lee, SK Mapes, BE Wang, CZ Enfield, DB Weaver, SJ AF Lee, Sang-Ki Mapes, Brian E. Wang, Chunzai Enfield, David B. Weaver, Scott J. TI Springtime ENSO phase evolution and its relation to rainfall in the continental U. S. SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ENSO evolution in spring; U; S; rainfall in spring; ENSO teleconnection ID EL-NINO; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; UNITED-STATES; TEMPERATURE; PRECIPITATION; PATTERNS; CLIMATE; EVENTS AB Springtime El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phase evolution and associated U.S. rainfall variability are explored by performing composite analysis of observational data. Although the tropical Pacific ENSO sea surface temperature anomalies are weaker and less coherent in boreal spring compared to those in winter, there are unique and significant patterns of U.S. rainfall anomalies frequently appearing during the onset and decay phases of ENSO. In early spring of a decaying El Nino, the atmospheric jet stream and associated storm track shift southward, causing more frequent wet conditions across the southern U.S. and dry conditions in a belt south and east of the Ohio River. In late spring of a developing El Nino, the synoptic activity over the U.S. reduces overall and the southwesterly low-level winds that carry moist air from the Gulf of Mexico to the U.S. shift westward, causing a similar dipole of rainfall anomalies between the southern U.S. and the Ohio Valley. Key Points Springtime ENSO phase evolution and its relation to U.S. rainfall is explored Coherent springtime ENSO SST anomalies exist in the central tropical Pacific Significant patterns of U.S. rainfall anomalies covary with ENSO phase in spring C1 [Lee, Sang-Ki; Enfield, David B.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33124 USA. [Lee, Sang-Ki; Wang, Chunzai; Enfield, David B.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Mapes, Brian E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Weaver, Scott J.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Lee, SK (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33124 USA. EM Sang-Ki.Lee@noaa.gov RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Enfield, David/I-2112-2013 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Enfield, David/0000-0001-8107-5079 FU NOAA Climate Program Office through its MAPP program [NA12OAR4310083]; NSF [0731520]; ONR [N000141310704] FX We would like to thank two anonymous reviewers, Greg Foltz and Libby Johns for their thoughtful comments and careful reviews. This work was supported by NOAA Climate Program Office through its MAPP program [grant NA12OAR4310083]. B. E. M. acknowledges support by NSF [grant 0731520] and ONR [grant N000141310704]. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1673 EP 1680 DI 10.1002/2013GL059137 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD9IO UT WOS:000333578800045 ER PT J AU Wang, P Li, J Li, JL Li, ZL Schmit, TJ Bai, WG AF Wang, Pei Li, Jun Li, Jinlong Li, Zhenglong Schmit, Timothy J. Bai, Wenguang TI Advanced infrared sounder subpixel cloud detection with imagers and its impact on radiance assimilation in NWP SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE AIRS subpixel cloud detection; MODIS cloud mask; data assimilation; Hurricane Sandy ID MODIS; AIRS; SYSTEM; CLASSIFICATION; SOUNDINGS; FORECASTS; PRODUCTS; ECMWF; GSI AB Accurate cloud detection is very important for infrared (IR) radiance assimilation; improved cloud detection could reduce cloud contamination and hence improve the assimilation. Although operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) centers are using IR sounder radiance data for cloud detection, collocated high spatial resolution imager data could help sounder subpixel cloud detection and characterization. IR sounder radiances with improved cloud detection using Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were assimilated for Hurricane Sandy (2012). Forecast experiments were run with Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) as the forecast model and the Three-Dimensional Variational Assimilation (3DVAR)-based Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) as the analysis system. Results indicate that forecasts of both hurricane track and intensity are substantially improved when the collocated high spatial resolution MODIS cloud mask is used for AIRS subpixel cloud detection for assimilating radiances. This methodology can be applied to process Crosstrack Infrared Sounder (CRIS)/Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard Suomi-NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)/Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI)/Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) onboard the Metop series for improved radiance assimilation in NWP. Key Points The application of AIRS subpixel cloud detection with 1 km MODIS cloud The analysis fields with assimilation of accurate clear radiances are improved The forecasts are substantially improved with the AIRS subpixel cloud detection C1 [Wang, Pei; Li, Jun; Li, Jinlong; Li, Zhenglong] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Schmit, Timothy J.] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. [Bai, Wenguang] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Satellite Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Wang, P (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM pei.wang@ssec.wisc.edu RI Li, Jun/H-3579-2015; Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010 OI Li, Jun/0000-0001-5504-9627; FU NOAA GOES-R High-Impact Weather (HIW); JPSS Risk Reduction; JCSDA FFO [NA10NES4400013] FX The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for the valuable suggestions and comments to improve the quality of this paper. This work is supported by NOAA GOES-R High-Impact Weather (HIW), JPSS Risk Reduction, and JCSDA FFO programs NA10NES4400013. We appreciate Agnes Lim at CIMSS for help in applying the GSI system and Yong-Keun Lee at CIMSS for providing MODIS/AIRS products. Fuzhong Weng and Steve Ackerman are also thanked for their helpful suggestions and discussions on this research. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's or U.S. government's position, policy, or decision. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1773 EP 1780 DI 10.1002/2013GL059067 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD9IO UT WOS:000333578800059 ER PT J AU Boylan, P Helmig, D Staebler, R Turnipseed, A Fairall, C Neff, W AF Boylan, Patrick Helmig, Detlev Staebler, Ralf Turnipseed, Andrew Fairall, Chris Neff, William TI Boundary layer dynamics during the Ocean-Atmosphere-Sea-Ice-Snow (OASIS) 2009 experiment at Barrow, AK SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE boundary layer depth; OASIS; ozone; turbulence; sonic anemometer; surface layer ID SOUTH-POLE; OZONE DEPLETION; DOME-C; ANTARCTICA; SURFACE; NO; GREENLAND; CHEMISTRY; HEIGHT; SUMMIT AB Three-dimensional atmospheric turbulence measurements were conducted from seven sonic anemometers on two different towers in Barrow, AK, during the spring of 2009 as part of the Ocean-Atmosphere-Sea-Ice-Snow (OASIS) campaign. This was the largest number of side-by-side atmospheric turbulence measurements in the Arctic at one time. These analyses allowed for (1) a comparison of the instrumental measurement approaches and (2) a comparison of the variability of the lower atmospheric surface layer at these measurement heights and tower sites. Friction velocity estimates were affected for a sonic anemometer that was operated on the tower in the near vicinity of a building module. Boundary layer height (BLH) was estimated from sonic anemometer measurements based both on a turbulence variable estimator and a temperature gradient method. Results from both methods were compared to radiosonde-estimated BLH and generally underestimated the BLH for shallower depths. Conditions with low BLH (< 100m) often lasted for several days. The seven ozone depletion events (ODE) that were observed during the OASIS campaign had a tendency of coinciding with BLH of less than 50m and stable atmospheric conditions; however, there was not a clear relationship between the occurrence of ODE and wind speed or wind direction as ODE occurred under a wide range of conditions of BLH, wind speed, local wind direction, and atmospheric stability. Comparisons of these surface layer dynamics to sites in Antarctica and Greenland reveal that boundary layer dynamics are not the primary driving force that fosters the unique ozone chemistry at this coastal Arctic site. Key Points Sustained shallow boundary layer height observed at coastal arctic site Agreement of seven sonic anemometers deployed in arctic field study. Ozone depletion events had a tendency to coincide with low boundary layer height C1 [Boylan, Patrick; Helmig, Detlev] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Staebler, Ralf] Environm Canada, Air Qual Proc Res Sect, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Turnipseed, Andrew] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Fairall, Chris; Neff, William] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Helmig, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM detlev.helmig@colorado.edu FU NSF [ARC0902165, 0806437]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate, and Environmental Sciences Division FX The tethered balloon experiment was funded by NSF grant ARC0902165. Radiosonde data were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate, and Environmental Sciences Division. Additional support to NCAR under NSF grant 0806437 is gratefully acknowledged. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research and is supported by the National Science Foundation. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 5 BP 2261 EP 2278 DI 10.1002/2013JD020299 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE3OL UT WOS:000333885700017 ER PT J AU Chang, EC Yeh, SW Hong, SY Kim, JE Wu, RG Yoshimura, K AF Chang, Eun-Chul Yeh, Sang-Wook Hong, Song-You Kim, Jung-Eun Wu, Renguang Yoshimura, Kei TI Study on the changes in the East Asian precipitation in the mid-1990s using a high-resolution global downscaled atmospheric data set SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE DA126; East Asian; precipitation ID TROPICAL WESTERN PACIFIC; SUMMER MONSOON; INDIAN-OCEAN; EL-NINO; GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; CLIMATE; RAINFALL; CIRCULATION; REANALYSIS; PATTERN AB A high-resolution global atmospheric data set (DA126) is used to understand the East Asian summer precipitation variability. It is found that a fine resolution of the DA126 precipitation data is able to reveal the detailed structures of the rainfall variability over East Asia and southern China in comparison with global analysis precipitation data sets such as the Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP). The first two empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) of the DA126 precipitation data over East Asia accurately reflect a decadal shift in rainfall over southern China in the mid-1990s. Furthermore, the first EOF-related precipitation of the DA126 is related to the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) variability (i.e., El Nino/Southern Oscillation), and the second EOF-related precipitation is associated with the Indian Ocean SST variability. Consequently, the tropical Pacific and the Indian Ocean SSTs have different associations with the East Asian monsoon precipitation variability. However, it is difficult to find such a relationship in the first two EOFs of the CMAP data set over East Asia. Using the DA126 precipitation data set, our further analysis indicates that warming of both the tropical Pacific and the Indian Ocean causes an increase in the rainfall anomaly over southern China after the mid-1990s, which results in a decadal shift in the rainfall anomaly after the mid-1990s. In addition, the first EOF-related precipitation is associated with both the Pacific-Japan-like (PJ-like) pattern and the Eurasian-like pattern. In contrast, the second EOF-related precipitation is only associated with the PJ-like wave trains from the western Pacific to East Asia. Key Points A high-resolution global atmospheric dataset (DA126) is introduced DA126 is able to reveal the detailed structures of the rainfall variability Changes in the east asian precipitation in the mid-1990s are explained C1 [Chang, Eun-Chul] Kongju Natl Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Gongju, South Korea. [Yeh, Sang-Wook] Hanyang Univ, Coll Sci & Technol, Dept Environm Marine Sci & Convergent Technol, Ansan, South Korea. [Hong, Song-You] Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Hong, Song-You] Yonsei Univ, Global Environm Lab, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Kim, Jung-Eun] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Wu, Renguang] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Inst Space & Earth Informat Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Yoshimura, Kei] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. RP Yeh, SW (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Coll Sci & Technol, Dept Environm Marine Sci & Convergent Technol, Ansan, South Korea. EM swyeh@hanyang.ac.kr RI Yoshimura, Kei/F-2041-2010; Yeh, Sang-Wook/G-3007-2014; Hong, Song-You/I-3824-2012 OI Yoshimura, Kei/0000-0002-5761-1561; Yeh, Sang-Wook/0000-0003-4549-1686; FU Korean Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [CATER 2012-3041] FX We appreciate the valuable comments on the initial manuscript by the three anonymous reviewers. This work is funded by the Korean Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under grant CATER 2012-3041. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 5 BP 2279 EP 2293 DI 10.1002/2013JD020903 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE3OL UT WOS:000333885700018 ER PT J AU Kopp, TJ Thomas, W Heidinger, AK Botambekov, D Frey, RA Hutchison, KD Iisager, BD Brueske, K Reed, B AF Kopp, Thomas J. Thomas, William Heidinger, Andrew K. Botambekov, Denis Frey, Richard A. Hutchison, Keith D. Iisager, Barbara D. Brueske, Kurt Reed, Bonnie TI The VIIRS Cloud Mask: Progress in the first year of S-NPP toward a common cloud detection scheme SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE clouds ID ALGORITHM AB The Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Cloud Mask (VCM) determines, on a pixel-by-pixel basis, whether or not a given location contains cloud. The VCM serves as an intermediate product (IP) between the production of VIIRS sensor data records and 22 downstream Environmental Data Records that each depends upon the VCM output. As such, the validation of the VCM IP is critical to the success of the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) product suite. The methods used to validate the VCM and the current results are presented in this paper. Detailed analyses of golden granules along with tools providing deep insights into granule performance, and specific cloud detection tests reveal the details behind a given granule's performance. Matchup results with CALIPSO, in turn, indicate the large-scale performance of the VCM and whether or not it is meeting its specifications. Comparisons with other cloud masks indicate comparable performance for the determination of clear pixels. As of September 2013 the VCM is either meeting or within 2% of all of its documented requirements. Key Points The VIIRS Cloud Mask is meeting most of its objectives after 1 year The VIIRS Cloud Mask serves the needs of a wide variety of VIIRS applications The VIIRS Cloud Mask is comparable to cloud masks from NOAA and NASA C1 [Kopp, Thomas J.] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Thomas, William] Mitre Corp, Mclean, VA USA. [Heidinger, Andrew K.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. [Botambekov, Denis; Frey, Richard A.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, CIMSS, Madison, WI USA. [Hutchison, Keith D.; Iisager, Barbara D.] Northrop Grumman, Redondo Beach, CA USA. [Brueske, Kurt] Raytheon Co, Omaha, NE USA. [Reed, Bonnie] Global Sci & Technol Corp Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Kopp, TJ (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. EM Thomas.J.Kopp@aero.org RI Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X FU JPSS Program Office Data Products and Algorithms Division (DPA) FX This work was funded by the JPSS Program Office Data Products and Algorithms Division (DPA) led by Heather Kilcoyne. Much of the data used here was provided by the Atmospheric PEATE at the University of Wisconsin SSEC. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. All trademarks, service marks, and trade names are the property of their respective owners. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 5 BP 2441 EP 2456 DI 10.1002/2013JD020458 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE3OL UT WOS:000333885700027 ER PT J AU Lee, HJ Kim, SW Brioude, J Cooper, OR Frost, GJ Kim, CH Park, RJ Trainer, M Woo, JH AF Lee, H-J Kim, S-W Brioude, J. Cooper, O. R. Frost, G. J. Kim, C-H. Park, R. J. Trainer, M. Woo, J-H TI Transport of NOx in East Asia identified by satellite and in situ measurements and Lagrangian particle dispersion model simulations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE satellite; NOx; East Asia; Transport ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; TROPOSPHERIC NO2; AIR-QUALITY; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; COLUMN RETRIEVAL; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; NORTH-AMERICA; TERM CHANGES; EMISSIONS AB Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns observed from space have been useful in detecting the increase of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions in East Asia, particularly China, coinciding with rapid economic growth during the past several decades. NO2 columns retrieved above a particular location reflect a combination of local NOx emissions and transported NOx from upwind sources. In this study, we demonstrate the transport of NOx emitted in East Asia using satellite and surface in situ measurements and Lagrangian particle dispersion model simulations. Enhanced satellite NO2 columns in the Yellow Sea (between China and South Korea) and the East Sea (between South Korea and Japan), and different seasonal variations of NO2 in China, North and South Korea, and Japan, suggest the importance of NOx transport in understanding the local NOx budget. Lagrangian transport model simulations with tracers of different chemical lifetimes identify source-receptor relationships that explain high NO2 over the oceans and springtime peaks in Korea and Japan, with China being the most likely source region. Our results have important implications for studies using satellite NO2 retrievals to derive NOx emissions at local scales in regions adjacent to large sources, such as in East Asia, Europe, and the Eastern U.S. Key Points Satellite demonstrates springtime transport of NOx over Korea and Japan Transport from China explains large NO2 columns over the Yellow Sea Transport of NOx is important in understanding local budget of NOx2 column data from the OMI, SCIAMACHY and GOME2 sensors from www.temis.nl and OMI data from NASA and University of Bremen. The NO2 data products of GOME2 were generated using level 1 data developed within the O3MSAF project of the EUMETSAT. The Korea Meteorological Administration and Korea Ministry of Environment operate surface meteorological stations and air quality monitoring stations, respectively, in South Korea. This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2013R1A1A2057732). The first author acknowledges support from the NOAA visiting scientist program. Rokjin Park was supported by the GEMS Program of the Ministry of Environment, Korea, and the Eco Innovation Program of KEITI (ARQ201204015). The NOAA Health of Atmosphere program also supported this study. NR 64 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 5 BP 2574 EP 2596 DI 10.1002/2013JD021185 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE3OL UT WOS:000333885700035 ER PT J AU Gorham, JM Rohlfing, AB Lippa, KA MacCuspie, RI Hemmati, A Holbrook, RD AF Gorham, Justin M. Rohlfing, Anne B. Lippa, Katrice A. MacCuspie, Robert I. Hemmati, Amy Holbrook, R. David TI Storage Wars: how citrate-capped silver nanoparticle suspensions are affected by not-so-trivial decisions SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Silver nanoparticles; Storage; Characterization; Citrate capped; Oxidation; Photochemistry; Nanofluid stability ID ION RELEASE KINETICS; ORGANIC-CARBON; DISSOLUTION; TOXICITY; TRANSFORMATIONS; AGGREGATION; PERSISTENCE; ABSORBENCY; DEPENDENCE; STABILITY AB A critical but often overlooked component of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) suspensions involves their behavior following short- and long-term storage. The current study investigates the integrity of citrate-capped AgNP suspensions, nominally 20 nm in average diameter, in a series of distinct storage conditions, based on possible combinations of reasonable decisions researchers make, both nanoparticle-based (AgNP and relative citrate concentration) and environmental-based (solution oxygenation and ambient light or dark). AgNP integrity was determined by monitoring single particle stability, aggregation/agglomeration, and oxidation for 104 days. We demonstrate that AgNP suspensions lose their physical and chemical integrity by two distinct processes: (1) oxidation only (light-independent) and (2) oxidation followed by photo-reduction (light-dependent), following initial dilution from a concentrated (and newly synthesized) AgNP stock solution. Optical spectroscopy indicates that the effects of oxidation are readily observed while the effects of photo-reduction are less obvious, leading to a greater increase in average particle diameter, the formation of new, metallic nanoparticles, and the oxidation of the parent citrate capping agent. In general, the overall integrity of citrate-capped AgNP suspensions are best maintained when these solutions are purged with nitrogen gas and stored in the dark at the highest AgNP and citrate concentrations. This study outlines a strategy for both assessing and monitoring the integrity of AgNP suspensions in an effort to harmonize long-term experiments and promote inter-laboratory consistency. C1 [Gorham, Justin M.; Rohlfing, Anne B.; Lippa, Katrice A.; MacCuspie, Robert I.; Hemmati, Amy; Holbrook, R. David] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gorham, JM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM justin.gorham@nist.gov OI Gorham, Justin/0000-0002-0569-297X FU NRC; NIST SURF program FX JMG would like to acknowledge the NRC for funding his postdoctoral fellowship. ABR would like to thank the NIST SURF program for funding her summer undergraduate research fellowship. Furthermore, JMG would like to thank Vince Hackley for advice, input, and helpful discussion regarding DLS measurements. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 51 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 EI 1572-896X J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 16 IS 4 AR 2339 DI 10.1007/s11051-014-2339-9 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AD2BP UT WOS:000333038200003 ER PT J AU Whitall, D Mason, A Pait, A Brune, L Fulton, M Wirth, E Vandiver, L AF Whitall, David Mason, Andrew Pait, Anthony Brune, Lia Fulton, Michael Wirth, Ed Vandiver, Lisa TI Organic and metal contamination in marine surface sediments of Guanica Bay, Puerto Rico SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Reefs; Pollution; Pesticides; PCBs; Metals; Toxicity AB Land based sources of pollution have the potential to adversely impact valuable coral reef ecosystems. In Guanica Bay (Puerto Rico) sediment samples collected and analyzed in 2009 demonstrate unusually high concentrations of total chlordane, total PCBs, nickel and chromium. A variety of other contaminants (total DDT, total PAHs, As, Cu, Hg, and Zn) were also at levels which may indicate sediment toxicity. With the exception of chromium, all of these contaminants were detected in coral tissues (Porites astreoides), although it is unclear at what level these contaminants affect coral health. PCBs and chlordane are environmentally persistent and likely represent legacy pollution from historical uses in close geographic proximity to the Bay. We hypothesize that the high nickel and chromium levels are due to a combination of naturally high Ni and Cr in rock and soils in the watershed, and enhanced (human driven) erosional rates. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Whitall, David; Mason, Andrew; Pait, Anthony; Brune, Lia; Fulton, Michael; Wirth, Ed] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Vandiver, Lisa] NOAA, Earth Resources Technol Inc, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Whitall, D (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Washington, DC 20230 USA. EM dave.whitall@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program; NOAA's National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science FX The authors would like to thank Captain Angel Nazario for his patience and knowledge aboard the Aquanata during sample collection. This work was funded by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program and NOAA's National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD MAR 15 PY 2014 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 293 EP 301 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.12.053 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AE4IQ UT WOS:000333946500045 PM 24447634 ER PT J AU Crosti, C Duthinh, D AF Crosti, Chiara Duthinh, Dat TI A nonlinear model for gusset plate connections SO ENGINEERING STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Bridges; Connections; Finite-element analysis; Gusset plate; Nonlinear springs; Steel truss AB The investigation of the 2007 collapse of the 1-35 W Highway Bridge in Minneapolis, Minnesota, used very detailed nonlinear finite-element (FE) analysis. On the other hand, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) provided simple guidelines for the load rating of gusset plates, but load rating was never intended to capture the actual behavior of gusset plates. The approach proposed here combines the accuracy of the first method with the simplicity of the second. From the detailed FE analysis of a single joint, the stiffness matrix of semi-rigid equivalent springs (linear in a simple model, nonlinear in a more advanced model) was derived by applying forces and moments to the free end of each portion of member (hereafter called stub member) that framed into the joint, one action at a time, while keeping the ends of the other stub members fixed. The equivalent springs were then placed in a global model, which was in turn verified against a global, detailed FE analysis of the 1-35 W Highway Bridge. The nonlinear equivalent spring model was able to predict the correct failure mode. The approach was applied to a Howe truss bridge as an example of performance prediction of bridges with semi-rigid connections, most of them of one type. As the simplified spring model was developed from a detailed FE analysis of the joint considered, this approach would not be justified if all joints had to be modeled in detail. Examples where the approach can be used include: structures where only specific joints need to be investigated (e.g., joints subjected to concentrated loads), and structures where the same joint model can be used repeatedly at multiple locations. In some cases, the effort required in performing detailed FE analyses of many joints in order to develop simplified models can be justified if the simplified models can be used in subsequent multiple load cases, thus leading to overall computational savings. Under these circumstances, the nonlinear connection model proposed here provides a simple and affordable way to account for connection performance in global analysis. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Crosti, Chiara] Sapienza Univ Rome, Rome, Italy. [Duthinh, Dat] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Duthinh, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chiara.crosti@uniroma1.it; dduthinh@nist.gov NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-0296 EI 1873-7323 J9 ENG STRUCT JI Eng. Struct. PD MAR 15 PY 2014 VL 62-63 BP 135 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.01.026 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA AE2DR UT WOS:000333784000013 ER PT J AU Quinlan, F Baynes, FN Fortier, TM Zhou, QG Cross, A Campbell, JC Diddams, SA AF Quinlan, Franklyn Baynes, Fred N. Fortier, Tara M. Zhou, Qiugui Cross, Allen Campbell, Joe C. Diddams, Scott A. TI Optical amplification and pulse interleaving for low-noise photonic microwave generation SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SHOT-NOISE; LASERS; TRAINS AB We investigate the impact of pulse interleaving and optical amplification on the spectral purity of microwave signals generated by photodetecting the pulsed output of an Er: fiber-based optical frequency comb. It is shown that the microwave phase noise floor can be extremely sensitive to delay length errors in the interleaver, and the contribution of the quantum noise from optical amplification to the phase noise can be reduced similar to 10 dB for short pulse detection. We exploit optical amplification, in conjunction with high power handling modified unitraveling carrier photodetectors, to generate a phase noise floor on a 10 GHz carrier of -175 dBc/Hz, the lowest ever demonstrated in the photodetection of a mode-locked fiber laser. At all offset frequencies, the photodetected 10 GHz phase noise performance is comparable to or better than the lowest phase noise results yet demonstrated with stabilized Ti:sapphire frequency combs. C1 [Quinlan, Franklyn; Baynes, Fred N.; Fortier, Tara M.; Diddams, Scott A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zhou, Qiugui; Cross, Allen; Campbell, Joe C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Quinlan, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM fquinlan@boulder.nist.gov FU NIST; DARPA PULSE program FX We thank William Loh and Pascal Del'Haye for helpful comments on this manuscript. This research was supported by NIST and the DARPA PULSE program. It is a contribution of an agency of the US government and is not subject to copyright in the USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1581 EP 1584 DI 10.1364/OL.39.001581 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA AD0SG UT WOS:000332943800063 PM 24690843 ER PT J AU Yu, MX Li, QF Hayes, MJ Svoboda, MD Heim, RR AF Yu, Meixiu Li, Qiongfang Hayes, Michael J. Svoboda, Mark D. Heim, Richard R. TI Are droughts becoming more frequent or severe in China based on the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index: 1951-2010? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE China; drought trends; severity and frequency; SPEI ID NORTHERN CHINA; MILLENNIUM; CLIMATE AB The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was computed based on the monthly precipitation and air temperature values at 609 locations over China during the period 1951-2010.Various characteristics of drought across China were examined including: long-term trends, percentage of area affected, intensity, duration, and drought frequency. The results revealed that severe and extreme droughts have become more serious since late 1990s for all of China (with dry area increasing by approximate to 3.72% per decade); and persistent multi-year severe droughts were more frequent in North China, Northeast China, and western Northwest China; significant drying trends occurred over North China, the southwest region of Northeast China, central and eastern regions of Northwest China, the central and southwestern parts of Southwest China and southwestern and northeastern parts of western Northwest mainly due to a decrease in precipitation coupled with a general increase in temperature. In addition, North China, the western Northwest China, and the Southwest China had their longest drought durations during the 1990s and 2000s. Droughts also affected western Northwest, eastern Northwest, North, and Northeast regions of China more frequently during the recent three decades. The results of this article could provide certain references and triggers for establishing a drought early warning system in China. (c) 2013 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Yu, Meixiu; Li, Qiongfang] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrology Water Resources & Hydraul, Jinguanlou Bldg,1 Xikang Rd, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Yu, Meixiu; Hayes, Michael J.; Svoboda, Mark D.] Univ Nebraska, Natl Drought Mitigat Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. [Li, Qiongfang] Hohai Univ, Coll Hydrol & Water Resources, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Li, Qiongfang] Hohai Univ, Ctr Int River Res, Sch Business, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Heim, Richard R.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Li, QF (reprint author), Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrology Water Resources & Hydraul, Jinguanlou Bldg,1 Xikang Rd, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM li_qiongfang@hotmail.com FU National Science Foundation Commission, China [41171220]; Ministry of Sciences and Technology, China [2012BAB03B03]; Ministry of Water Resources, China [200901045]; Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University [IRT0717]; Ministry of Education, China; '111' Project [B08048] FX Financial support is gratefully acknowledged from the National Science Foundation Commission under Grant No. 41171220, China, the project (2012BAB03B03) sponsored by the Ministry of Sciences and Technology, China, the project (200901045) sponsored by the Ministry of Water Resources, China, the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University under Grant No. IRT0717, Ministry of Education, China, and the '111' Project under Grant B08048. The authors also express their thanks to the National Climate Centre (NCC) of China Meteorological Administration (CMA). NR 49 TC 65 Z9 77 U1 17 U2 80 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD MAR 15 PY 2014 VL 34 IS 3 BP 545 EP 558 DI 10.1002/joc.3701 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB9EK UT WOS:000332092900002 ER PT J AU Donat, MG Peterson, TC Brunet, M King, AD Almazroui, M Kolli, RK Boucherf, D Al-Mulla, AY Nour, AY Aly, AA Nada, TAA Semawi, MM Dashti, HA Salhab, TG Fadli, KI Muftah, MK Eida, SD Badi, W Driouech, F Rhaz, K Abubaker, MJY Ghulam, AS Erayah, AS Ben Mansour, M Alabdouli, WO Dhanhani, JS Al Shekaili, MN AF Donat, M. G. Peterson, T. C. Brunet, M. King, A. D. Almazroui, M. Kolli, R. K. Boucherf, Djamel Al-Mulla, Anwar Yousuf Nour, Abdourahman Youssouf Aly, Ahmed Attia Nada, Tamer Ali Ali Semawi, Muhammad M. Al Dashti, Hasan Abdullah Salhab, Tarek G. El Fadli, Khalid I. Muftah, Mohamed K. Eida, Sidaty Dah Badi, Wafae Driouech, Fatima El Rhaz, Khalid Abubaker, Mohammed J. Y. Ghulam, Ayman S. Erayah, Amani Sanhouri Ben Mansour, Maher Alabdouli, Waleed O. Al Dhanhani, Jemie Salem Al Shekaili, Majed N. TI Changes in extreme temperature and precipitation in the Arab region: long-term trends and variability related to ENSO and NAO SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate extremes; climate change; observations; temperature; precipitation; ENSO; NAO ID CLIMATE EXTREMES; MONITORING CHANGES; MIDDLE-EAST; F-TEST; INDEXES; 20TH-CENTURY; PROJECTIONS; 2ND-HALF; DATASET; IMPACTS AB A workshop was held in Casablanca, Morocco, in March 2012, to enhance knowledge of climate extremes and their changes in the Arab region. This workshop initiated intensive data compilation activities of daily observational weather station data from the Arab region. After conducting careful control processes to ensure the quality and homogeneity of the data, climate indices for extreme temperatures and precipitation were calculated.This study examines the temporal changes in climate extremes in the Arab region with regard to long-term trends and natural variability related to ENSO and NAO. We find consistent warming trends since the middle of the 20th Century across the region. This is evident in the increased frequencies of warm days and warm nights, higher extreme temperature values, fewer cold days and cold nights and shorter cold spell durations. The warming trends seem to be particularly strong since the early 1970s. Changes in precipitation are generally less consistent and characterised by a higher spatial and temporal variability; the trends are generally less significant. However, in the western part of the Arab region, there is a tendency towards wetter conditions. In contrast, in the eastern part, there are more drying trends, although, these are of low significance.We also find some relationships between climate extremes in the Arab region and certain prominent modes of variability, in particular El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The relationships of the climate extremes with NAO are stronger, in general, than those with ENSO, and are particularly strong in the western part of the Arab region (closer to the Atlantic Ocean). The relationships with ENSO are found to be more significant towards the eastern part of the area of study. (c) 2013 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Donat, M. G.; King, A. D.] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Donat, M. G.; King, A. D.] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Peterson, T. C.] NOAAs Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Brunet, M.] Univ Rovira & Virgili, Ctr Climate Change, Dept Geog, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain. [Brunet, M.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Almazroui, M.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Ctr Excellence Climate Change Res, Dept Meteorol, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. [Kolli, R. K.] World Meteorol Org, Geneva, Switzerland. [Boucherf, Djamel] Natl Climat Ctr, Algiers, Algeria. [Al-Mulla, Anwar Yousuf] Transport Civil Aviat Affairs, Manama, Bahrain. [Nour, Abdourahman Youssouf] Climate Unit, Minist Transport, Djibouti, Djibouti. [Aly, Ahmed Attia; Nada, Tamer Ali Ali] Minist Civil Aviat, Cairo, Egypt. [Semawi, Muhammad M.] Jordan Meteorol Dept, Amman, Jordan. [Al Dashti, Hasan Abdullah] DGCA, Dept Meteorol, Safa, Kuwait. [Salhab, Tarek G.] Minist Publ Works & Transport, Beirut, Lebanon. [El Fadli, Khalid I.; Muftah, Mohamed K.] Libyan Natl Meteorol Ctr, Tripoli, Libya. [Eida, Sidaty Dah] Off Natl Meteorol, Nouakchott, Mauritania. [Badi, Wafae; Driouech, Fatima; El Rhaz, Khalid] Direct Meteorol Nationale, Casablanca, Morocco. [Abubaker, Mohammed J. Y.] Palestinian Meteorol Off, Ramallah, Israel. [Ghulam, Ayman S.] Presidency Meteorol & Environm, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. [Erayah, Amani Sanhouri] SMA, Khartoum, Sudan. [Ben Mansour, Maher] Natl Weather Inst, Tunis, Tunisia. [Alabdouli, Waleed O.] UAE Airforce & Air Def, Fujairah, U Arab Emirates. [Al Dhanhani, Jemie Salem; Al Shekaili, Majed N.] Natl Ctr Meteorol & Seismol, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. RP Donat, MG (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. EM m.donat@unsw.edu.au RI Donat, Markus/J-8331-2012; OI Donat, Markus/0000-0002-0608-7288; King, Andrew/0000-0001-9006-5745; Manola, Brunet-India/0000-0002-9386-710X FU multi-agency project under the framework of RICCAR; Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA); Australian Research Council [LP100200690, CE110001028]; European Community [242093] FX This workshop is part of the Regional Initiative for the Assessment of the Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources and Socio-Economic Vulnerability in the Arab Region (RICCAR) coordinated by the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA); more information is available at www.escwa.un/RICCAR. It was funded through a multi-agency project under the framework of RICCAR, by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), with technical support by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and its Commission for Climatology (CCl) and logistic support by ESCWA and the Moroccan weather service, the Direction de la Meteorologie Nationale (DMN). In particular, we acknowledge Carol Chouchani Cherfane and Tarek Sadek from ESCWA and Abdallah Mokssit, Director of DMN, Permanent Representative of Morocco with WMO and Third Vice-President of WMO, without whose excellent organisation the workshop would not have been possible. Markus Donat was also supported by Australian Research Council grant LP100200690, and Andrew King is supported by Australian Research Council grant CE110001028. Manola Brunet acknowledges the support of the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement 242093 (EURO4M: European Reanalysis and Observations for Monitoring). We are grateful to Lisa Alexander for helpful discussions. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 38 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 5 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD MAR 15 PY 2014 VL 34 IS 3 BP 581 EP 592 DI 10.1002/joc.3707 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB9EK UT WOS:000332092900005 ER PT J AU Held, I AF Held, Isaac TI Simplicity Amid Complexity SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLIMATE; LATITUDE; FUTURE C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Held, I (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM isaac.held@noaa.gov NR 12 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 43 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 14 PY 2014 VL 343 IS 6176 BP 1206 EP 1207 DI 10.1126/science.1248447 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AC7RG UT WOS:000332728500022 PM 24626917 ER PT J AU Jalarvo, N Gourdon, O Ehlers, G Tyagi, M Kumar, SK Dobbs, KD Smalley, RJ Guise, WE Ramirez-Cuesta, A Wildgruber, C Crawford, MK AF Jalarvo, Niina Gourdon, Olivier Ehlers, Georg Tyagi, Madhusudan Kumar, Sanat K. Dobbs, Kerwin D. Smalley, Robert J. Guise, William E. Ramirez-Cuesta, Anibal Wildgruber, Christoph Crawford, Michael K. TI Structure and Dynamics of Octamethyl-POSS Nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC-NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CH STRETCHING FREQUENCIES; POLYHEDRAL OLIGOMERIC SILSESQUIOXANES; HARMONIC VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; SCALE FACTORS; BOND LENGTHS; METHYL-GROUP; AB-INITIO; VARIABLE-TEMPERATURE; MOTIONAL COLLAPSE AB Polyoligosilsesquioxanes (POSS) are a large family of Si-O cage molecules that have diameters of 1-2 nm and can be viewed as perfectly monodisperse silica nanoparticles. POSS can be synthesized with a wide variety of functional ligands attached to their surfaces. Here we report the results of a comprehensive study of the crystal structure and ligand dynamics of one of the simplest POSS nanoparticles, octamethyl-POSS or Si8O12(CH3)(8), where the central Si8O12 cage is surrounded by eight methyl ligands. Neutron powder diffraction data highlight the presence of strongly temperature-dependent methyl group rotational dynamics. Vibrational spectra were measured using Raman and inelastic neutron scattering techniques, and the results of the measurements were compared with the predictions of density functional theory calculations. In particular, the inelastic neutron scattering spectra show the fundamental and first overtone transitions of the methyl torsional vibrations; these transitions are forbidden in both Raman and infrared spectroscopy for the molecule with its ideal octahedral symmetry. The energies of these transitions are used to determine the height of the torsional energy barrier. Direct measurements of the methyl group dynamics using quasielastic incoherent neutron scattering provide the hydrogen atom jump distance and the activation energy for rotation of the methyl groups. Together these results provide a detailed picture of the structure and ligand dynamics of this POSS molecule. C1 [Jalarvo, Niina] Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, JCNS, Outstn, Oak Ridge Natl Lab,SNS, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jalarvo, Niina; Gourdon, Olivier; Ramirez-Cuesta, Anibal; Wildgruber, Christoph] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ehlers, Georg] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kumar, Sanat K.] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Dobbs, Kerwin D.; Smalley, Robert J.; Guise, William E.; Crawford, Michael K.] DuPont Cent Res & Dev, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. RP Crawford, MK (reprint author), DuPont Cent Res & Dev, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. EM michael.k.crawford@dupont.com RI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; Ramirez-Cuesta, Timmy/A-4296-2010; Instrument, CNCS/B-4599-2012; Ehlers, Georg/B-5412-2008; Jalarvo, Niina/Q-1320-2015 OI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; Ramirez-Cuesta, Timmy/0000-0003-1231-0068; Ehlers, Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X; Jalarvo, Niina/0000-0003-0644-6866 FU ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772, DMR-1006514] FX A portion of this research at ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing some of the neutron research facilities used in this work. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. S.K.K. thanks the National Science Foundation (DMR-1006514) for partial support of this research. We thank Professor Herbert L. Strauss of the Chemistry Department, University of California, Berkeley for very helpful discussions concerning analysis of the variable-temperature Raman data and Dr. John J. Rush of the NIST Center for Neutron Research for illuminating discussions concerning our neutron scattering data. Identification of commercial products does not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that these are the best for the purpose. NR 65 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAR 13 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 10 BP 5579 EP 5592 DI 10.1021/jp412228r PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AD1PK UT WOS:000333005700059 ER PT J AU Kubarych, ZJ Abbott, PJ AF Kubarych, Zeina J. Abbott, Patrick J. TI The Dissemination of Mass in the United States: Results and Implications of Recent BIPM Calibrations of US National Prototype Kilograms SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIPM calibration; calibration; dissemination; kilogram; mass metrology; mass stability; national prototypes; national standards; platinum-iridium kilograms; recalibration of US national standard; SI unit of mass AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is responsible for the dissemination of the unit of mass within the United States of America through the national prototype kilogram K20 and its check standard K4. These platinum-iridium artifacts have been in use since 1889 and are periodically sent to the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) for recalibration. The following is a brief description of the roles of the national prototype kilograms in the dissemination of mass in the United States of America, and the implications for NIST mass calibration customers of the most recent recalibrations of K20 and K4. C1 [Kubarych, Zeina J.; Abbott, Patrick J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kubarych, ZJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zeina.kubarych@nist.gov; patrick.abbott@nist.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR 12 PY 2014 VL 119 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.6028/jres.119.001 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AD4TW UT WOS:000333244600001 PM 26601023 ER PT J AU Hammouda, B AF Hammouda, Boualem TI Are Bragg Peaks Gaussian? SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bragg peaks; Gaussian function; McStas1; ray tracing simulation; resolution function; small-angle neutron scattering ID SCATTERING; RESOLUTION AB It is common practice to assume that Bragg scattering peaks have Gaussian shape. The Gaussian shape function is used to perform most instrumental smearing corrections. Using Monte Carlo ray tracing simulation, the resolution of a realistic small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) instrument is generated reliably. Including a single-crystal sample with large d-spacing, Bragg peaks are produced. Bragg peaks contain contributions from the resolution function and from spread in the sample structure. Results show that Bragg peaks are Gaussian in the resolution-limited condition (with negligible sample spread) while this is not the case when spread in the sample structure is non-negligible. When sample spread contributes, the exponentially modified Gaussian function is a better account of the Bragg peak shape. This function is characterized by a non-zero third moment (skewness) which makes Bragg peaks asymmetric for broad neutron wavelength spreads. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hammouda, B (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM boualem.hammouda@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX This work is based upon activities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. Help from Sylvain Desert and Emmanuel Farhi with the McStas package and from Hideo Fujii with the OriginPro software is greatly appreciated. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR 12 PY 2014 VL 119 BP 15 EP 24 DI 10.6028/jres.119.003 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AD4TY UT WOS:000333244800001 PM 26601025 ER PT J AU Lombardi, MA Nelson, GK AF Lombardi, Michael A. Nelson, Glenn K. TI WWVB: A Half Century of Delivering Accurate Frequency and Time by Radio SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE broadcasting; frequency; radio; standards; time ID CALIFORNIA; EARTHQUAKE; STANDARDS; CLOCK AB In commemoration of its 50th anniversary of broadcasting from Fort Collins, Colorado, this paper provides a history of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) radio station WWVB. The narrative describes the evolution of the station, from its origins as a source of standard frequency, to its current role as the source of time-of-day synchronization for many millions of radio controlled clocks. C1 [Lombardi, Michael A.; Nelson, Glenn K.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lombardi, MA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM michael.lombardi@nist.gov; glenn.nelson@nist.gov NR 91 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR 12 PY 2014 VL 119 BP 25 EP 54 DI 10.6028/jres.119.004 PG 30 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AD4TY UT WOS:000333244800002 PM 26601026 ER PT J AU Stan, G Solares, SD AF Stan, Gheorghe Solares, Santiago D. TI Frequency, amplitude, and phase measurements in contact resonance atomic force microscopies SO BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE contact-resonance AFM; dynamic AFM; frequency modulation; phase-locked loop; viscoelasticity ID ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; ENERGY-DISSIPATION; EXCITATION; MODULATION; MODE AB The resonance frequency, amplitude, and phase response of the first two eigenmodes of two contact-resonance atomic force microscopy (CR-AFM) configurations, which differ in the method used to excite the system (cantilever base vs sample excitation), are analyzed in this work. Similarities and differences in the observables of the cantilever dynamics, as well as the different effect of the tip-sample contact properties on those observables in each configuration are discussed. Finally, the expected accuracy of CR-AFM using phase-locked loop detection is investigated and quantification of the typical errors incurred during measurements is provided. C1 [Stan, Gheorghe] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Stan, Gheorghe; Solares, Santiago D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Stan, G (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. EM gheorghe.stan@nist.gov NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 48 PU BEILSTEIN-INSTITUT PI FRANKFURT AM MAIN PA TRAKEHNER STRASSE 7-9, FRANKFURT AM MAIN, 60487, GERMANY SN 2190-4286 J9 BEILSTEIN J NANOTECH JI Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. PD MAR 12 PY 2014 VL 5 BP 278 EP 288 DI 10.3762/bjnano.5.30 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AC8KZ UT WOS:000332783200001 PM 24778949 ER PT J AU Watanabe, T Lopez, CG Douglas, JF Ono, T Cabral, JT AF Watanabe, Takaichi Lopez, Carlos G. Douglas, Jack F. Ono, Tsutomu Cabral, Joao T. TI Microfluidic Approach to the Formation of Internally Porous Polymer Particles by Solvent Extraction SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED DRUG-DELIVERY; MICROSPHERES; DISSOLUTION; DEVICE; FABRICATION; MICROCAPSULES; MICROREACTORS; LITHOGRAPHY; GENERATION; DIFFUSION AB We report the controlled formation of internally porous polyelectrolyte particles with diameters ranging from tens to hundreds of micrometers through selective solvent extraction using microfluidics. Solvent-resistant microdevices, fabricated by frontal photopolymerization, encapsulate binary polymer (P)/solvent (Si) mixtures by a carrier solvent phase (C) to form plugs with well-defined radii and low polydispersity; the suspension is then brought into contact with a selective extraction solvent (S2) that is miscible with C and Si but not P, leading to the extraction of Si from the droplets. The ensuing phase inversion yields polymer capsules with a smooth surface but highly porous internal structure. Depending on the liquid extraction time scale, this stage can be carried out in situ, within the chip, or ex situ, in an external S2 bath. Bimodal polymer plugs are achieved using asymmetrically inverted T junctions. For this demonstration, we form sodium poly(styrenesulfonate) (P) particles using water (S1), hexadecane (C), and methyl ethyl ketone (S2). We measure droplet extraction rates as a function of drop size and polymer concentration and propose a simple scaling model to guide particle formation. We find that the extraction time required to form particles from liquid droplets does not depend on the initial polymer concentration but is rather proportional to the initial droplet size. The resulting particle size follows a linear relationship with the initial droplet size for all polymer concentrations, allowing for the precise control of particle size. The internal particle porous structure exhibits a polymer density gradient ranging from a dense surface skin toward an essentially hollow core. Average particle porosities between 10 and 50% are achieved by varying the initial droplet compositions up to IS wt % polymer. Such particles have potential applications in functional, optical, and coating materials. C1 [Watanabe, Takaichi; Lopez, Carlos G.; Cabral, Joao T.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Watanabe, Takaichi; Ono, Tsutomu] Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Nat Sci & Technol, Dept Appl Chem, Kita Ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cabral, JT (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM j.cabral@imperial.ic.ac.uk RI Lopez, Carlos/O-7836-2014; Cabral, Joao T./E-6534-2015 OI Lopez, Carlos/0000-0001-6160-632X; Cabral, Joao T./0000-0002-2590-225X FU Erasmus Mundus-Beam program; Royal Academy of Engineering FX We thank Y. Wang and J. Davies for assistance during SEM measurements and microchip fabrication, A. S. H. Aw and L. L. Tan for the bidisperse droplet experiments, E. Boek for access to the rheometer and O. K. Matar for useful discussions on modeling droplet evaporation. We acknowledge the Erasmus Mundus-Beam program for a scholarship for T.W. and The Royal Academy of Engineering for a Distinguished Visitor Fellowship for J.F.D. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 95 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAR 11 PY 2014 VL 30 IS 9 BP 2470 EP 2479 DI 10.1021/la404506b PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AF2VT UT WOS:000334571300019 PM 24568261 ER PT J AU Barin, G Krungleviciute, V Gomez-Gualdron, DA Sarjeant, AA Snurr, RQ Hupp, JT Yildirim, T Farha, OK AF Barin, Gokhan Krungleviciute, Vaiva Gomez-Gualdron, Diego A. Sarjeant, Amy A. Snurr, Randall Q. Hupp, Joseph T. Yildirim, Taner Farha, Omar K. TI Isoreticular Series of (3,24)-Connected Metal-Organic Frameworks: Facile Synthesis and High Methane Uptake Properties SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-GAS STORAGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SURFACE-AREAS; CU-24(ISOPHTHALATE)(24) CUBOCTAHEDRA; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; POROUS MATERIALS; CURRENT RECORDS; BUILDING UNITS; ADSORPTION; DESIGN AB We have successfully used a highly efficient copper-catalyzed "click" reaction for the synthesis of a new series of hexacarboxylic acid linkers with varying sizes for the construction of isoreticular (3,24)-connected metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-namely, NU-138, NU-139, and NU-140. One of these MOFs, NU-140, exhibits a gravimetric methane uptake of 0.34 g/g at 65 bar and 298 K, corresponding to almost 70% of the DOE target (0.5 g/g), and has a working capacity (deliverable amount between 65 and 5 bar) of 0.29 g/g, which translates into a volumetric working capacity of 170 cc(STP)/cc. These values demonstrate that NU-140 performs well for methane storage purposes, from both a gravimetric and a volumetric point of view. Adsorption of CO2 and H-2 along with simulated isotherms are also reported. C1 [Barin, Gokhan; Sarjeant, Amy A.; Hupp, Joseph T.; Farha, Omar K.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Krungleviciute, Vaiva; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krungleviciute, Vaiva; Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Gomez-Gualdron, Diego A.; Snurr, Randall Q.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Farha, Omar K.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. RP Yildirim, T (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM taner@seas.upenn.edu; o-farha@northwestern.edu RI Snurr, Randall/B-6699-2009; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Faculty of, Sciences, KAU/E-7305-2017 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER46522]; DOE ARPA-E; Stanford Global Climate and Energy Project FX T.Y. acknowledges the support by the U.S. Department of Energy through BES Grant no. DE-FG02-08ER46522. The Northwestern group gratefully acknowledges DOE ARPA-E and the Stanford Global Climate and Energy Project for support of work relevant to CH4 and CO2, respectively. NR 64 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 59 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 11 PY 2014 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1912 EP 1917 DI 10.1021/cm404155s PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AD0GV UT WOS:000332913400020 ER PT J AU Takatsu, H Nenert, G Kadowaki, H Yoshizawa, H Enderle, M Yonezawa, S Maeno, Y Kim, J Tsuji, N Takata, M Zhao, Y Green, M Broholm, C AF Takatsu, Hiroshi Nenert, Gwilherm Kadowaki, Hiroaki Yoshizawa, Hideki Enderle, Mechthild Yonezawa, Shingo Maeno, Yoshiteru Kim, Jungeun Tsuji, Naruki Takata, Masaki Zhao, Yang Green, Mark Broholm, Collin TI Magnetic structure of the conductive triangular-lattice antiferromagnet PdCrO2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; BERRY PHASE; HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; SOLID OXYGEN; OXIDES; FERROMAGNET; CHIRALITY; LICRO2; STATE AB We performed neutron single-crystal and synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction experiments in order to investigate the magnetic and crystal structures of the conductive layered triangular-lattice antiferromagnet PdCrO2 with a putative spin chirality, which contributes to an unconventional anomalous Hall effect. We revealed that the ground-state magnetic structure is a commensurate and nearly coplanar 120 degrees spin structure. The 120 degrees planes in different Cr layers seem to tilt with one another, leading to a small noncoplanarity. Such a small but finite noncoplanar stacking of the 120 degrees planes gives rise to a finite scalar spin chirality, which may be responsible for the unconventional nature of the Hall effect of PdCrO2. C1 [Takatsu, Hiroshi; Kadowaki, Hiroaki] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. [Nenert, Gwilherm; Enderle, Mechthild] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Yoshizawa, Hideki] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Neutron Sci Lab, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. [Yonezawa, Shingo; Maeno, Yoshiteru] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Kim, Jungeun; Tsuji, Naruki; Takata, Masaki] Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst SPring, Sayo, Hyogo 6795198, Japan. [Zhao, Yang; Broholm, Collin] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Zhao, Yang] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Yang] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Green, Mark] NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Takatsu, H (reprint author), Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. RI Enderle, Mechthild/E-8832-2014; Yonezawa, Shingo/J-2317-2016 OI Enderle, Mechthild/0000-0001-7304-2162; Yonezawa, Shingo/0000-0002-7476-3604 FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; [22840036]; [24740240] FX We thank T. Oguchi, S. Tatsuya, G. Tatara, R. Higashinaka, and Y. Nakai for useful discussions. We also acknowledge the Institut Laue Langevin for beam time allocation. This work was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up (Grant No. 22840036) and for Young Scientists (B) (Grant No. 24740240) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 38 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 11 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 10 AR 104408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.104408 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AC4SA UT WOS:000332509900001 ER PT J AU Remijan, AJ Snyder, LE McGuire, BA Kuo, HL Looney, LW Friedel, DN Golubiatnikov, GY Lovas, FJ Ilyushin, VV Alekseev, EA Dyubko, SF McCall, BJ Hollis, JM AF Remijan, Anthony J. Snyder, Lewis E. McGuire, Brett A. Kuo, Hsin-Lun Looney, Leslie W. Friedel, Douglas N. Golubiatnikov, G. Yu Lovas, Frank J. Ilyushin, V. V. Alekseev, E. A. Dyubko, S. F. McCall, Benjamin J. Hollis, Jan M. TI OBSERVATIONAL RESULTS OF A MULTI-TELESCOPE CAMPAIGN IN SEARCH OF INTERSTELLAR UREA [(NH2)(2)CO] SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; ISM: clouds; ISM: individual objects (SagISM: ittarius B2(N)); ISM: molecules ID SPECTRAL-LINE SURVEY; SAGITTARIUS B2(N); TENTATIVE IDENTIFICATION; MICROWAVE DETECTION; ETHYL FORMATE; PRIMOS SURVEY; ORION-KL; CHEMISTRY; GLYCINE; TELESCOPE AB In this paper, we present the results of an observational search for gas phase urea [(NH2)(2)CO] observed toward the Sgr B2(N-LMH) region. We show data covering urea transitions from similar to 100 GHz to 250 GHz from five different observational facilities: the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland-Association (BIMA) Array, the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA), the NRAO 12 m telescope, the IRAM 30 m telescope, and the Swedish-ESO Submillimeter Telescope (SEST). The results show that the features ascribed to urea can be reproduced across the entire observed bandwidth and all facilities by best-fit column density, temperature, and source size parameters which vary by less than a factor of two between observations merely by adjusting for telescope-specific parameters. Interferometric observations show that the emission arising from these transitions is cospatial and compact, consistent with the derived source sizes and emission from a single species. Despite this evidence, the spectral complexity of both (NH2)(2)CO and of Sgr B2(N) makes the definitive identification of this molecule challenging. We present observational spectra, laboratory data, and models, and discuss our results in the context of a possible molecular detection of urea. C1 [Remijan, Anthony J.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Snyder, Lewis E.; Kuo, Hsin-Lun; Looney, Leslie W.; Friedel, Douglas N.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Champaign, IL 61801 USA. [McGuire, Brett A.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Golubiatnikov, G. Yu; Lovas, Frank J.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ilyushin, V. V.; Alekseev, E. A.; Dyubko, S. F.] Inst Radio Astron NASU, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. [McCall, Benjamin J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Champaign, IL 61801 USA. [McCall, Benjamin J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Champaign, IL 61801 USA. [Hollis, Jan M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Remijan, AJ (reprint author), Natl Radio Astron Observ, Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. OI McGuire, Brett/0000-0003-1254-4817 FU NSF Graduate Research Fellowship; UIUC Critical Research Initiative; Laboratory for Astronomical Imaging at the University of Illinois; NSF [AST 99-81363, AST 02-28953]; states of California, Illinois, and Maryland; James S. McDonnell Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Kenneth T. and Eileen L. Norris Foundation; University of Chicago; Associates of the California Institute of Technology; National Science Foundation; CARMA partner universities FX We thank the anonymous referee for very helpful comments which improved the quality of this manuscript. B.A.M. gratefully acknowledges G. A. Blake for his support, and funding by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. H.-L.K. and B.J.M. gratefully acknowledge funding by a UIUC Critical Research Initiative. We acknowledge support from the Laboratory for Astronomical Imaging at the University of Illinois and NSF AST 99-81363 and AST 02-28953. Support for CARMA construction was derived from the states of California, Illinois, and Maryland, the James S. McDonnell Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Kenneth T. and Eileen L. Norris Foundation, the University of Chicago, the Associates of the California Institute of Technology, and the National Science Foundation. Ongoing CARMA development and operations are supported by the National Science Foundation under a cooperative agreement, and by the CARMA partner universities. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2014 VL 783 IS 2 AR 77 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/783/2/77 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AG5DQ UT WOS:000335439900013 ER PT J AU Ding, CY Xiong, W Fan, TT Hickstein, DD Popmintchev, T Zhang, XS Walls, M Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC AF Ding, Chengyuan Xiong, Wei Fan, Tingting Hickstein, Daniel D. Popmintchev, Tenio Zhang, Xiaoshi Walls, Mike Murnane, Margaret M. Kapteyn, Henry C. TI High flux coherent super-continuum soft X-ray source driven by a single-stage, 10mJ, Ti:sapphire amplifier-pumped OPA SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-HARMONIC-GENERATION; PHASE-MATCHED GENERATION; WATER WINDOW REGION; ATTOSECOND PULSES; DYNAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY; LASERS; EFFICIENCY; GASES; LIGHT AB We demonstrate the highest flux tabletop source of coherent soft X-rays to date, driven by a single-stage 10 mJ Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier at 1 kHz. We first down-convert the laser to 1.3 mu m using a parametric amplifier, before up-converting it to soft X-rays using high harmonic generation in a high-pressure, phase matched, hollow waveguide geometry. The resulting optimally phase matched broadband spectrum extends to 200 eV, with a soft X-ray photon flux of > 10(6) photons/pulse/1% bandwidth at 1 kHz, corresponding to > 10(9) photons/s/1% bandwidth, or approximately a three order-of-magnitude increase compared with past work. Finally, using this broad bandwidth X-ray source, we demonstrate X-ray absorption spectroscopy of multiple elements and transitions in molecules in a single spectrum, with a spectral resolution of 0.25 eV, and with the ability to resolve the near edge fine structure. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Ding, Chengyuan; Xiong, Wei; Fan, Tingting; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Popmintchev, Tenio; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ding, Chengyuan; Xiong, Wei; Fan, Tingting; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Popmintchev, Tenio; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ding, Chengyuan; Xiong, Wei; Fan, Tingting; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Popmintchev, Tenio; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, Xiaoshi; Walls, Mike] Kapteyn Murnane Labs, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Ding, CY (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM chengyuan.ding@colorado.edu RI Popmintchev, Tenio/B-6715-2008 OI Popmintchev, Tenio/0000-0002-2023-2226 FU DARPA PULSE program; DOE AMOS grant; Samsung; DOE SBIR program at KMlabs [SC0007469, DE-SC0006514] FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the DARPA PULSE program, a DOE AMOS grant, and Samsung. We also would like to gratefully acknowledge support from the DOE SBIR programs, grant numbers DE-SC0007469 and DE-SC0006514, at KMlabs, which supported the development of the high energy regenerative amplifier system and the hollow waveguide design used for soft X-ray generation, respectively. NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 58 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 10 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 5 BP 6194 EP 6202 DI 10.1364/OE.22.006194 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA AD9IS UT WOS:000333579200169 PM 24663953 ER PT J AU Martin, RG Livio, M AF Martin, Rebecca G. Livio, Mario TI ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE CO SNOW LINE IN PROTOPLANETARY DISKS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; planets and satellites: formation; protoplanetary disks; stars: pre-main sequence ID FU ORIONIS OUTBURSTS; LONG-TERM EVOLUTION; T TAURI STARS; LAYERED ACCRETION; DEAD ZONES; LIMIT-CYCLE; PROTOSTELLAR; INSTABILITY; ORIGIN; DISCS AB CO is thought to be a vital building block for prebiotic molecules that are necessary for life. Thus, understanding where CO existed in a solid phase within the solar nebula is important for understanding the origin of life. We model the evolution of the CO snow line in a protoplanetary disk. We find that the current observed location of the CO snow line in our solar system, and in the solar system analog TW Hydra, cannot be explained by a fully turbulent disk model. With time-dependent disk models we find that the inclusion of a dead zone (a region of low turbulence) can resolve this problem. Furthermore, we obtain a fully analytic solution for the CO snow line radius for late disk evolutionary times. This will be useful for future observational attempts to characterize the demographics and predict the composition and habitability of exoplanets. C1 [Martin, Rebecca G.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Martin, Rebecca G.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Livio, Mario] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Martin, RG (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, UCB 440, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU California Institute of Technology (Caltech); NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program FX We thank an anonymous referee for comments that have improved the manuscript. R.G.M.'s support was provided under contract with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAR 10 PY 2014 VL 783 IS 2 AR L28 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/783/2/L28 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AC4UJ UT WOS:000332516300004 ER PT J AU Sawyer, BC Britton, JW Bollinger, JJ AF Sawyer, Brian C. Britton, Joseph W. Bollinger, John J. TI Spin dephasing as a probe of mode temperature, motional state distributions, and heating rates in a two-dimensional ion crystal SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED ATOMIC IONS; QUANTUM SIMULATOR; PLASMAS AB We employ spin-dependent optical dipole forces to characterize the transverse center-of-mass (COM) motional mode of a two-dimensional Wigner crystal of hundreds of Be-9(+). By comparing the measured spin dephasing produced by the spin-dependent force with the predictions of a semiclassical dephasing model, we obtain absolute mode temperatures in excellent agreement with both the Doppler laser cooling limit and measurements obtained from a previously published technique [B. C. Sawyer et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 213003 ( 2012)]. Furthermore, the structure of the dephasing histograms allows for discrimination between initial thermal and coherent states of motion. We also apply the techniques discussed here to measure the ambient-heating rate of the COM mode of a 2D Coulomb crystal in a Penning trap. This measurement places an upper limit on the anomalous single-ion heating rate due to electric field noise from the trap electrode surfaces of d (n) over bar /dt similar to 5 s(- 1) for our trap at a frequency of 795 kHz, where (n) over bar is the mean occupation of quantized COM motion in the axial harmonic well. C1 [Sawyer, Brian C.; Britton, Joseph W.; Bollinger, John J.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Sawyer, BC (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM brian.sawyer@boulder.nist.gov OI Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347 FU DARPA-OLE program; NIST FX This work was supported by the DARPA-OLE program and NIST. The authors thank J.P. Home, K. R. A. Hazzard, M. Foss-Feig, and A.M. Rey for useful discussions as well as S. Kotler and J.P. Gaebler for comments on the manuscript. This manuscript is a contribution of NIST and not subject to US copyright. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 10 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 3 AR 033408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.033408 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AD3VK UT WOS:000333174100015 ER PT J AU Katzenmeyer, AM Canivet, J Holland, G Farrusseng, D Centrone, A AF Katzenmeyer, Aaron M. Canivet, Jerome Holland, Glenn Farrusseng, David Centrone, Andrea TI Assessing Chemical Heterogeneity at the Nanoscale in Mixed-Ligand Metal-Organic Frameworks with the PTIR Technique SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; IR spectroscopy; multivariate metal-organic frameworks; nanoscale chemical imaging; photothermal induced resonance ID COORDINATION POLYMER CRYSTALS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; POSTSYNTHETIC LIGAND; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; DRUG-DELIVERY; EXCHANGE; MOFS; ADSORPTION; HYDROGEN; PLATFORM AB Recently, the use of mixtures of organic-building-block linkers has given chemists an additional degree of freedom for engineering metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with specific properties; however, the poor characterization of the chemical complexity of such MixMOF structures by conventional techniques hinders the verification of rational design. Herein, we describe the application of a technique known as photothermal induced resonance to individual MixMOF microcrystals to elucidate their chemical composition with nanoscale resolution. Results show that MixMOFs isoreticular to In-MIL-68, obtained either directly from solution or by postsynthetic linker exchange, are homogeneous down to approximately 100nm. Additionally, we report a novel in situ process that enables the engineering of anisotropic domains in MOF crystals with submicron linker-concentration gradients. C1 [Katzenmeyer, Aaron M.; Holland, Glenn; Centrone, Andrea] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Canivet, Jerome; Farrusseng, David] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, Inst Rech Catalyse & Environm Lyon IRCELYON, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France. RP Centrone, A (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrea.centrone@nist.gov RI Canivet, Jerome/B-7183-2009; Katzenmeyer, Aaron/F-7961-2014; OI Canivet, Jerome/0000-0002-0458-3085; Katzenmeyer, Aaron/0000-0002-5755-8537; FARRUSSENG, David/0000-0002-9093-4143 NR 49 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 14 U2 182 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PD MAR 10 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 11 BP 2852 EP 2856 DI 10.1002/anie.201309295 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AC1QB UT WOS:000332270000003 PM 24615798 ER PT J AU Williams, GJ Price, NN Ushijima, B Aeby, GS Callahan, S Davy, SK Gove, JM Johnson, MD Knapp, IS Shore-Maggio, A Smith, JE Videau, P Work, TM AF Williams, Gareth J. Price, Nichole N. Ushijima, Blake Aeby, Greta S. Callahan, Sean Davy, Simon K. Gove, Jamison M. Johnson, Maggie D. Knapp, Ingrid S. Shore-Maggio, Amanda Smith, Jennifer E. Videau, Patrick Work, Thierry M. TI Ocean warming and acidification have complex interactive effects on the dynamics of a marine fungal disease SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE coral reef; coralline fungal disease; ocean acidification; temperature; bio-erosion; climate change ID ALGA HYDROLITHON-ONKODES; CRUSTOSE CORALLINE ALGAE; CENTRAL PACIFIC; PALMYRA ATOLL; BAND DISEASE; TEMPERATURE; REEF; BIOEROSION; PATTERNS; ISLANDS AB Diseases threaten the structure and function of marine ecosystems and are contributing to the global decline of coral reefs. We currently lack an understanding of how climate change stressors, such as ocean acidification (OA) and warming, may simultaneously affect coral reef disease dynamics, particularly diseases threatening key reef-building organisms, for example crustose coralline algae (CCA). Here, we use coralline fungal disease (CFD), a previously described CCA disease from the Pacific, to examine these simultaneous effects using both field observations and experimental manipulations. We identify the associated fungus as belonging to the subphylum Ustilaginomycetes and show linear lesion expansion rates on individual hosts can reach 6.5 mm per day. Further, we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that ocean-warming events could increase the frequency of CFD outbreaks on coral reefs, but that OA-induced lowering of pH may ameliorate outbreaks by slowing lesion expansion rates on individual hosts. Lowered pH may still reduce overall host survivorship, however, by reducing calcification and facilitating fungal bio-erosion. Such complex, interactive effects between simultaneous extrinsic environmental stressors on disease dynamics are important to consider if we are to accurately predict the response of coral reef communities to future climate change. C1 [Williams, Gareth J.; Price, Nichole N.; Johnson, Maggie D.; Smith, Jennifer E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Ushijima, Blake; Callahan, Sean; Shore-Maggio, Amanda; Videau, Patrick] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Microbiol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Gove, Jamison M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Ushijima, Blake; Aeby, Greta S.; Knapp, Ingrid S.; Shore-Maggio, Amanda] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Davy, Simon K.; Knapp, Ingrid S.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. [Gove, Jamison M.] NOAA, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Williams, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM gareth@ucsd.edu RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015; Johnson, Maggie/C-6469-2013; OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090; Shore-Maggio, Amanda/0000-0001-7753-5650 FU National Geographic Society; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Victoria University of Wellington (VUW) Strategic Research Scholarship FX Funding was provided by the National Geographic Society, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and a Victoria University of Wellington (VUW) Strategic Research Scholarship. NR 66 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 17 U2 112 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAR 7 PY 2014 VL 281 IS 1778 AR 20133069 DI 10.1098/rspb.2013.3069 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AC2YN UT WOS:000332382300021 PM 24452029 ER PT J AU Gronewold, AD Stow, CA AF Gronewold, Andrew D. Stow, Craig A. TI Water Loss from the Great Lakes SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SUPERIOR C1 [Gronewold, Andrew D.; Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Gronewold, AD (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM drew.gronewold@noaa.gov OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855; Gronewold, Andrew/0000-0002-3576-2529 NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 9 U2 41 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 7 PY 2014 VL 343 IS 6175 BP 1084 EP 1085 DI 10.1126/science.1249978 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AC2LB UT WOS:000332331500030 PM 24604186 ER PT J AU David, L Feldman, A Mansfield, E Lehman, J Singh, G AF David, L. Feldman, A. Mansfield, E. Lehman, J. Singh, G. TI Evaluating the thermal damage resistance of graphene/carbon nanotube hybrid composite coatings SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; LASER IRRADIATION; PYROELECTRIC DETECTOR; SINGLE-WALL; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; BLACK COATINGS; FILMS; CONDUCTIVITY; GRAPHITE; OXIDE AB We study laser irradiation behavior of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and chemically modified graphene (rGO)-composite spray coatings for use as a thermal absorber material for high-power laser calorimeters. Spray coatings on aluminum test coupon were exposed to increasing laser irradiance for extended exposure times to quantify their damage threshold and optical absorbance. The coatings, prepared at varying mass % of MWCNTs in rGO, demonstrated significantly higher damage threshold values at 2.5 kW laser power at 10.6 mu m wavelength than carbon paint or MWCNTs alone. Electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy of irradiated specimens show that the coating prepared at 50% CNT loading endure at least 2 kW.cm(-2) for 10 seconds without significant damage. The improved damage resistance is attributed to the unique structure of the composite in which the MWCNTs act as an efficient absorber of laser light while the much larger rGO sheets surrounding them, dissipate the heat over a wider area. C1 [David, L.; Singh, G.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Feldman, A.; Mansfield, E.; Lehman, J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Singh, G (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM gurpreet@ksu.edu RI Singh, Gurpreet/J-9083-2012 FU National Science Foundation (Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems Division) [1335862]; Kansas State University FX This research is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation (Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems Division), under grant no. 1335862 (Program Manager: Sumanta Acharya) to G. Singh. Publication of this article was funded in part by the Kansas State University Open Access Publishing Fund. NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 10 U2 74 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD MAR 7 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 4311 DI 10.1038/srep04311 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AC2WA UT WOS:000332375800004 PM 24603681 ER PT J AU Davies, N Field, D Amaral-Zettler, L Clark, MS Deck, J Drummond, A Faith, DP Geller, J Gilbert, J Glockner, FO Hirsch, PR Leong, JA Meyer, C Obst, M Planes, S Scholin, C Vogler, AP Gates, RD Toonen, R Berteaux-Lecellier, V Barbier, M Barker, K Bertilsson, S Bicak, M Bietz, MJ Bobe, J Bodrossy, L Borja, A Coddington, J Fuhrman, J Gerdts, G Gillespie, R Goodwin, K Hanson, PC Hero, JM Hoekman, D Jansson, J Jeanthon, C Kao, R Klindworth, A Knight, R Kottmann, R Koo, MS Kotoulas, G Lowe, AJ Marteinsson, VT Meyer, F Morrison, N Myrold, DD Pafilis, E Parker, S Parnell, JJ Polymenakou, PN Ratnasingham, S Roderick, GK Rodriguez-Ezpeleta, N Schonrogge, K Simon, N Valette-Silver, NJ Springer, YP Stone, GN Stones-Havas, S Sansone, SA Thibault, KM Wecker, P Wichels, A Wooley, JC Yahara, T Zingone, A AF Davies, Neil Field, Dawn Amaral-Zettler, Linda Clark, Melody S. Deck, John Drummond, Alexei Faith, Daniel P. Geller, Jonathan Gilbert, Jack Gloeckner, Frank Oliver Hirsch, Penny R. Leong, Jo-Ann Meyer, Chris Obst, Matthias Planes, Serge Scholin, Chris Vogler, Alfried P. Gates, Ruth D. Toonen, Rob Berteaux-Lecellier, Veronique Barbier, Michele Barker, Katherine Bertilsson, Stefan Bicak, Mesude Bietz, Matthew J. Bobe, Jason Bodrossy, Levente Borja, Angel Coddington, Jonathan Fuhrman, Jed Gerdts, Gunnar Gillespie, Rosemary Goodwin, Kelly Hanson, Paul C. Hero, Jean-Marc Hoekman, David Jansson, Janet Jeanthon, Christian Kao, Rebecca Klindworth, Anna Knight, Rob Kottmann, Renzo Koo, Michelle S. Kotoulas, Georgios Lowe, Andrew J. Marteinsson, Viggo Thor Meyer, Folker Morrison, Norman Myrold, David D. Pafilis, Evangelos Parker, Stephanie Parnell, John Jacob Polymenakou, Paraskevi N. Ratnasingham, Sujeevan Roderick, George K. Rodriguez-Ezpeleta, Naiara Schonrogge, Karsten Simon, Nathalie Valette-Silver, Nathalie J. Springer, Yuri P. Stone, Graham N. Stones-Havas, Steve Sansone, Susanna-Assunta Thibault, Kate M. Wecker, Patricia Wichels, Antje Wooley, John C. Yahara, Tetsukazu Zingone, Adriana CA GOs-COS TI The founding charter of the Genomic Observatories Network SO GIGASCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Biodiversity; Genomics; Biocode; Earth observations ID BIODIVERSITY AB The co-authors of this paper hereby state their intention to work together to launch the Genomic Observatories Network (GOs Network) for which this document will serve as its Founding Charter. We define a Genomic Observatory as an ecosystem and/or site subject to long-term scientific research, including (but not limited to) the sustained study of genomic biodiversity from single-celled microbes to multicellular organisms. An international group of 64 scientists first published the call for a global network of Genomic Observatories in January 2012. The vision for such a network was expanded in a subsequent paper and developed over a series of meetings in Bremen (Germany), Shenzhen (China), Moorea (French Polynesia), Oxford (UK), Pacific Grove (California, USA), Washington (DC, USA), and London (UK). While this community-building process continues, here we express our mutual intent to establish the GOs Network formally, and to describe our shared vision for its future. The views expressed here are ours alone as individual scientists, and do not necessarily represent those of the institutions with which we are affiliated. C1 [Davies, Neil] Univ Calif Berkeley, Gump South Pacific Res Stn, Moorea 98728, Fr Polynesia. [Davies, Neil; Field, Dawn] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Biodivers Inst, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Field, Dawn; Bicak, Mesude; Sansone, Susanna-Assunta] Univ Oxford, Oxford E Res Ctr, Oxford OX1 3QG, England. [Field, Dawn; Schonrogge, Karsten] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England. [Amaral-Zettler, Linda] Josephine Bay Paul Ctr Comparat Mol Biol & Evolut, Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Clark, Melody S.] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Deck, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Nat Hist Museums, Valley Life Sci 1007, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Drummond, Alexei] Univ Auckland, Dept Comp Sci, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Drummond, Alexei] Univ Auckland, Allan Wilson Ctr Mol Ecol & Evolut, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Faith, Daniel P.] Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. [Geller, Jonathan] Calif State Univ, Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Gilbert, Jack; Meyer, Folker] Argonne Natl Lab, Inst Genom & Syst Biol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gilbert, Jack] Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Gloeckner, Frank Oliver; Klindworth, Anna; Kottmann, Renzo] Max Planck Inst Marine Microbiol, Microbial Genom & Bioinformat Res Grp, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Gloeckner, Frank Oliver; Klindworth, Anna; Kottmann, Renzo] Jacobs Univ Bremen, D-28759 Bremen, Germany. [Hirsch, Penny R.] Rothamsted Res, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. [Leong, Jo-Ann; Gates, Ruth D.; Toonen, Rob] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Meyer, Chris] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Obst, Matthias] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Planes, Serge; Berteaux-Lecellier, Veronique; Wecker, Patricia] EPHE Ctr Rech Insulaire & Observ Environm CRIOBE, CNRS, USR 3278, Papetoai 98729, Moorea, Fr Polynesia. [Scholin, Chris] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Vogler, Alfried P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Life Sci, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Vogler, Alfried P.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Life Sci, London SW7 5BD, England. [Barker, Katherine; Coddington, Jonathan] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Bertilsson, Stefan] Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Genet, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. [Bertilsson, Stefan] Uppsala Univ, Sci Life Lab, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. [Bietz, Matthew J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Informat, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Bobe, Jason] PersonalGenomes Org, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Bodrossy, Levente] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res & Wealth Oceans Natl, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Borja, Angel] AZTI Tecnalia, Div Marine Res, Pasaia 20110, Spain. [Fuhrman, Jed; Wichels, Antje] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Gerdts, Gunnar] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Biol Anstalt Helgoland, D-27498 Helgoland, Germany. [Gillespie, Rosemary] Univ Calif Berkeley, Essig Museum Entomol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Goodwin, Kelly] NOAA, AOML Stationed La Jolla, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Hanson, Paul C.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hero, Jean-Marc] Griffith Univ, Environm Futures Res Inst, Gold Coast, Qld 4222, Australia. [Hoekman, David; Parker, Stephanie; Parnell, John Jacob; Springer, Yuri P.; Thibault, Kate M.] Natl Ecol Observ Network, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Jansson, Janet] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jeanthon, Christian; Simon, Nathalie] UPMC, CNRS, Stn Biol Roscoff, F-29688 Roscoff, France. [Kao, Rebecca] Denver Bot Gardens, Denver, CO 80206 USA. [Knight, Rob] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD USA. [Knight, Rob] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Knight, Rob] Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Knight, Rob] Univ Colorado, BioFrontiers Inst, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Koo, Michelle S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kotoulas, Georgios; Pafilis, Evangelos; Polymenakou, Paraskevi N.] HCMR, Inst Marine Biol Biotechnol & Aquaculture IMBBC, Iraklion, Greece. [Lowe, Andrew J.] Univ Adelaide, Terr Ecosyst Res Network, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Lowe, Andrew J.] Univ Adelaide, Inst Environm, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Marteinsson, Viggo Thor] Food Safety Environm & Genet, IS-113 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Morrison, Norman] Univ Manchester, Sch Comp Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Myrold, David D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ratnasingham, Sujeevan] Univ Guelph, Biodivers Inst Ontario, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Roderick, George K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rodriguez-Ezpeleta, Naiara] AZTI Tecnalia, Div Marine Res, Sukarrieta 48395, Bizkaia, Spain. [Valette-Silver, Nathalie J.] NOAA, Off Explorat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Stone, Graham N.] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Evolutionary Biol, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland. [Stones-Havas, Steve] Biomatters Ltd, Auckland 1010, New Zealand. [Wooley, John C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Res BioSyst, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Yahara, Tetsukazu] Kyushu Univ, Ctr Asian Conservat Ecol, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Zingone, Adriana] Stn Zool, Ecol & Evolut Plankton Lab, I-80121 Naples, Italy. RP Davies, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Gump South Pacific Res Stn, BP 244, Moorea 98728, Fr Polynesia. EM ndavies@moorea.berkeley.edu; dfield@ceh.ac.uk RI Ratnasingham, Sujeevan/G-9103-2014; Drummond, Alexei/A-3209-2010; Davies, Neil/E-5863-2012; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Myrold, David/E-1813-2011; Hirsch, Penny/B-5135-2008; Goodwin, Kelly/B-4985-2014; Schonrogge, Karsten /E-8818-2010; Bodrossy, Levente/Q-3745-2016; Zingone, Adriana/E-4518-2010; Rodriguez-Ezpeleta, Naiara/B-7138-2014 OI Toonen, Rob/0000-0001-6339-4340; Drummond, Alexei/0000-0003-4454-2576; Davies, Neil/0000-0001-8085-5014; Myrold, David/0000-0001-6418-226X; Hirsch, Penny/0000-0002-5909-1934; Goodwin, Kelly/0000-0001-9583-8073; Schonrogge, Karsten /0000-0003-0122-6493; Bodrossy, Levente/0000-0001-6940-452X; Zingone, Adriana/0000-0001-5946-6532; Rodriguez-Ezpeleta, Naiara/0000-0001-6735-6755 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/E025080/1, BB/I000771/1] NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 15 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND EI 2047-217X J9 GIGASCIENCE JI GigaScience PD MAR 7 PY 2014 VL 3 AR 2 DI 10.1186/2047-217X-3-2 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX4EL UT WOS:000365651500001 PM 24606731 ER PT J AU Bagci, T Simonsen, A Schmid, S Villanueva, LG Zeuthen, E Appel, J Taylor, JM Sorensen, A Usami, K Schliesser, A Polzik, ES AF Bagci, T. Simonsen, A. Schmid, S. Villanueva, L. G. Zeuthen, E. Appel, J. Taylor, J. M. Sorensen, A. Usami, K. Schliesser, A. Polzik, E. S. TI Optical detection of radio waves through a nanomechanical transducer SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL OSCILLATOR; CAVITY OPTOMECHANICS; MICROWAVE; RESONATOR; STATE; FIELD; MODE AB Low-loss transmission and sensitive recovery of weak radio-frequency and microwave signals is a ubiquitous challenge, crucial in radio astronomy, medical imaging, navigation, and classical and quantum communication. Efficient up-conversion of radio-frequency signals to an optical carrier would enable their transmission through optical fibres instead of through copper wires, drastically reducing losses, and would give access to the set of established quantum optical techniques that are routinely used in quantum-limited signal detection. Research in cavity optomechanics(1,2) has shown that nanomechanical oscillators can couple strongly to either microwave(3-5) or optical fields(6,7). Here we demonstrate a room-temperature optoelectromechanical transducer with both these functionalities, following a recent proposal(8) using a high-quality nanomembrane. A voltage bias of less than 10 V is sufficient to induce strong coupling(4,6,7) between the voltage fluctuations in a radio-frequency resonance circuit and the membrane's displacement, which is simultaneously coupled to light reflected off its surface. The radio-frequency signals are detected as an optical phase shift with quantum-limited sensitivity. The corresponding half-wave voltage is in the microvolt range, orders of magnitude less than that of standard optical modulators. The noise of the transducer-beyond the measured 800 pV Hz(-1/2) Johnson noise of the resonant circuit-consists of the quantum noise of light and thermal fluctuations of the membrane, dominating the noise floor in potential applications in radio astronomy and nuclear magnetic imaging. Each of these contributions is inferred to be 60 pV Hz(-1/2) when balanced by choosing an electromechanical cooperativity of similar to 150 with an optical power of 1 mW. The noise temperature of the membrane is 300 K divided by the cooperativity. For the highest observed cooperativity of 6,800, this leads to a projected noise temperature of 40 mK and a sensitivity limit of 5 pV Hz(-1/2). Our approach to all-optical, ultralow-noise detection of classical electronic signals sets the stage for coherent up-conversion of low-frequency quantum signals to the optical domain(8-11). C1 [Bagci, T.; Simonsen, A.; Zeuthen, E.; Appel, J.; Sorensen, A.; Usami, K.; Schliesser, A.; Polzik, E. S.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Schmid, S.; Villanueva, L. G.] Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Dept Micro & Nanotechnol, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Taylor, J. M.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Polzik, ES (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM albert.schliesser@nbi.dk; polzik@nbi.dk RI Appel, Jurgen/E-9036-2012; Sorensen, Anders/L-1868-2013; Schliesser, Albert/C-5619-2014; Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; Villanueva, Luis Guillermo/C-4904-2009; Schmid, Silvan/E-5822-2010 OI Appel, Jurgen/0000-0003-1315-3439; Sorensen, Anders/0000-0003-1337-9163; Schliesser, Albert/0000-0003-4317-5030; Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; Villanueva, Luis Guillermo/0000-0003-3340-2930; Schmid, Silvan/0000-0003-3778-7137 FU DARPA project QUASAR; European Union Seventh Framework Program through SIQS [600645]; European Union Seventh Framework Program through iQUOEMS [323924]; ERC grant QIOS [306576]; ERC grant INTERFACE [291038] FX This work was supported by the DARPA project QUASAR, the European Union Seventh Framework Program through SIQS (grant no. 600645) and iQUOEMS (grant no. 323924), and the ERC grants QIOS (grant no. 306576) and INTERFACE (grant no. 291038). We would like to thank J. H. Muller for valuable discussions, A. Barg and A. Naesby for assistance with the interferometer, and L. Jorgensen for cleanroom support. NR 30 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 14 U2 124 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 6 PY 2014 VL 507 IS 7490 BP 81 EP 85 DI 10.1038/nature13029 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AC0ZQ UT WOS:000332224400046 PM 24598636 ER PT J AU Pugatch, R Bhattacharyya, D Amir, A Sagi, Y Davidson, N AF Pugatch, Rami Bhattacharyya, Dipankar Amir, Ariel Sagi, Yoav Davidson, Nir TI Anomalous symmetry breaking in classical two-dimensional diffusion of coherent atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-MECHANICS; BUFFER GAS; SPECTROSCOPY AB The electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectrum of atoms diffusing in and out of a narrow beam is measured and shown to manifest the two-dimensional delta-function anomaly in a classical setting. In the limit of small-area beams, the EIT line shape is independent of power, and equal to the renormalized local density of states of a free particle Hamiltonian. The measured spectra for different powers and beam sizes collapses to a single universal curve with a characteristic logarithmic Van Hove singularity close to resonance. C1 [Pugatch, Rami] Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Bhattacharyya, Dipankar] Santipur Coll, Dept Phys, Nadia 741404, W Bengal, India. [Amir, Ariel] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sagi, Yoav] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Davidson, Nir] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Phys Complex Syst, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Pugatch, R (reprint author), Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Olden Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. OI Sagi, Yoav/0000-0002-3897-1393 FU ISF; Minerva foundation FX We thank Ori Hirshberg for helpful discussions. This work was funded by the ISF and the Minerva foundation. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 6 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 3 AR 033807 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.033807 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AC2OJ UT WOS:000332340800014 ER PT J AU Schroeder, W Oliva, P Giglio, L Csiszar, IA AF Schroeder, Wilfrid Oliva, Patricia Giglio, Louis Csiszar, Ivan A. TI The New VIIRS 375 m active fire detection data product: Algorithm description and initial assessment SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Active fire detection; S-NPP/VIIRS; MODIS ID RADIATIVE ENERGY; ETM PLUS; MODIS; SATELLITE; ASTER; VALIDATION AB The first Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) was launched in October 2011 aboard the Suomi-National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite. The VIIRS instrument carries two separate sets of multi-spectral channels providing full global coverage at both 375 m and 750 m nominal resolutions every 12 h or less depending on the latitude. In this study, we introduce a new VIIRS active fire detection algorithm, which is driven primarily by the 375 m middle and thermal infrared imagery data. The algorithm builds on the well-established MODIS Fire and Thermal Anomalies product using a contextual approach to detect both day and nighttime biomass burning and other thermal anomalies. Here we present the fire algorithm's design and implementation, including important information describing the input data characteristics and potential artifacts associated with pixel saturation and the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly, both found to affect the middle infrared channel data. Initial assessment using results derived from the global processing of the algorithm indicated small, although variable, commission errors (<1.2%) for nominal confidence fire pixels. We achieved improved performance using the 375 m active fire data compared to the VIIRS 750 m baseline fire product, resulting in a 3 x and 25 x factor increase in the absolute number of fire pixels detected using day and nighttime data, respectively. Similarly, VIIRS 375 m fire data showed significantly superior mapping capabilities compared to current MODIS fire detection data with improved consistency of fire perimeter delineation for biomass burning lasting multiple days. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Schroeder, Wilfrid; Oliva, Patricia; Giglio, Louis] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Csiszar, Ivan A.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. RP Schroeder, W (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, 2181 LeFrak Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM wilfrid.schroeder@noaa.gov RI Schroeder, Wilfrid/F-6738-2010; Csiszar, Ivan/D-2396-2010 FU NASA Terrestrial Ecology and Applied Sciences Programs [NNX12AQ87G, NNH11AS03I] FX This study was supported by the NASA Terrestrial Ecology and Applied Sciences Programs through the following research grants: NNX12AQ87G and NNH11AS03I. We are thankful for USDA's Remote Sensing Applications Center (Mr. Brad Quayle), National Infrared Operations (Mr. Thomas Mellin), and Pacific Southwest Research Station (Dr. Philip Riggan) for supporting initial data quality assessment in the United States. NR 26 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 7 U2 93 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 5 PY 2014 VL 143 BP 85 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2013.12.008 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AB5WP UT WOS:000331859700008 ER PT J AU Rykaczewski, K Paxson, AT Staymates, M Walker, ML Sun, XD Anand, S Srinivasan, S McKinley, GH Chinn, J Scott, JHJ Varanasi, KK AF Rykaczewski, Konrad Paxson, Adam T. Staymates, Matthew Walker, Marlon L. Sun, Xiaoda Anand, Sushant Srinivasan, Siddarth McKinley, Gareth H. Chinn, Jeff Scott, John Henry J. Varanasi, Kripa K. TI Dropwise Condensation of Low Surface Tension Fluids on Omniphobic Surfaces SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SUPERHYDROPHOBIC NANOSTRUCTURED SURFACES; HEAT-TRANSFER; WATER CONDENSATION; ULTRAHYDROPHOBIC SURFACES; SUPEROLEOPHOBIC SURFACES; DROPLET MOBILITY; NATURAL-GAS; GROWTH; COALESCENCE; TRANSITIONS AB Compared to the significant body of work devoted to surface engineering for promoting dropwise condensation heat transfer of steam, much less attention has been dedicated to fluids with lower interfacial tension. A vast array of low-surface tension fluids such as hydrocarbons, cryogens, and fluorinated refrigerants are used in a number of industrial applications, and the development of passive means for increasing their condensation heat transfer coefficients has potential for significant efficiency enhancements. Here we investigate condensation behavior of a variety of liquids with surface tensions in the range of 12 to 28 mN/m on three types of omniphobic surfaces: smooth oleophobic, re-entrant superomniphobic, and lubricant-impregnated surfaces. We demonstrate that although smooth oleophobic and lubricant-impregnated surfaces can promote dropwise condensation of the majority of these fluids, re-entrant omniphobic surfaces became flooded and reverted to filmwise condensation. We also demonstrate that on the lubricant-impregnated surfaces, the choice of lubricant and underlying surface texture play a crucial role in stabilizing the lubricant and reducing pinning of the condensate. With properly engineered surfaces to promote dropwise condensation of low-surface tension fluids, we demonstrate a four to eight-fold improvement in the heat transfer coefficient. C1 [Rykaczewski, Konrad; Sun, Xiaoda] Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Paxson, Adam T.; Anand, Sushant; McKinley, Gareth H.; Varanasi, Kripa K.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Staymates, Matthew; Walker, Marlon L.; Scott, John Henry J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Srinivasan, Siddarth] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Chinn, Jeff] Integrated Surface Technol Inc, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Rykaczewski, K (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM konradr@asu.edu; varanasi@mit.edu RI Srinivasan, Siddarth/E-1469-2016; Anand, Sushant/F-7996-2014; OI Anand, Sushant/0000-0002-1480-1840; Srinivasan, Siddarth/0000-0003-4591-6090 FU Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering at Arizona State University; NSF GRFP; NSF [0952564]; MIT Energy Initiative FX K.R. gratefully acknowledges support from Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering at Arizona State University. A.T.P. gratefully acknowledges funding support from the NSF GRFP. K.K.V. gratefully acknowledges support from NSF Career award no. 0952564 and MIT Energy Initiative. NR 70 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 7 U2 164 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD MAR 5 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 4158 DI 10.1038/srep04158 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AC0RY UT WOS:000332203700001 PM 24595171 ER PT J AU Son, S Kim, YH Kwon, JI Kim, HC Park, KS AF Son, SeungHyun Kim, Yong Hoon Kwon, Jae-Il Kim, Hae-Cheol Park, Kwang-Soon TI Characterization of spatial and temporal variation of suspended sediments in the Yellow and East China Seas using satellite ocean color data SO GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE GOCI; MODIS; the Yellow and East China Seas; suspended sediments; ocean color ID MODIS; SEAWIFS; MODELS; BAY AB Total suspended sediment (TSS) data concentrations are retrieved from two sets of satellite ocean color data (the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard Aqua and the Korean Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI)) using an existing regional model to characterize spatial and temporal variation of TSS in the Yellow and East China Seas. MODIS-derived TSS maps show that TSS concentrations are, in general, high along the Korean and Chinese coasts including the Bohai Sea and the Yangtz River estuary, and lower in the middle of the Yellow Sea and the southeastern area of the East China Sea. The monthly average of 10-year MODIS data reveals that TSS values are highest during winter (January to February) and lowest in summer (July to August). Short-term TSS concentrations retrieved from GOCI data showed the dominant influence of semi-diurnal tidal changes on sediment dynamics through temporal (hourly) and spatial distribution in coastal zones of the Yellow sea. The results presented here demonstrate that the satellite-derived TSS products can be utilized as an application tool for future studies on long- and short-term sediment dynamics of turbid coastal waters. In particular, GOCI observations provide unique important capabilities to characterize and quantify the water properties at high temporal (hourly) and spatial (0.5 km) resolutions in the turbid coastal waters of the Yellow Sea and its vicinities. C1 [Son, SeungHyun] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kim, Yong Hoon] RPS ASA, South Kingstown, RI USA. [Kwon, Jae-Il; Park, Kwang-Soon] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Ansan, South Korea. [Kim, Hae-Cheol] NOAA, IM Syst Grp, NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Kwon, JI (reprint author), Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Ansan, South Korea. EM jikwon@kiost.ac FU project titled "Development of Korea Operational Oceanographic System (KOOS) phase 2"; project titled "Development of technology for CO2 marine geological storage (to YHK)"; Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea; KIOST project [PE9853G] FX This work was supported by the projects titled "Development of Korea Operational Oceanographic System (KOOS) phase 2 (to JIK and KSP)" and "Development of technology for CO2 marine geological storage (to YHK)" funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea, and the KIOST project (PE9853G) (to JIK). NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1548-1603 EI 1943-7226 J9 GISCI REMOTE SENS JI GISci. Remote Sens. PD MAR 4 PY 2014 VL 51 IS 2 SI SI BP 212 EP 226 DI 10.1080/15481603.2014.895580 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA AE3IM UT WOS:000333870200007 ER PT J AU Schoonard, CM Collins, J Paxton, C Meindl, C AF Schoonard, Cristina Mazza Collins, Jennifer Paxton, Charles Meindl, Christopher TI Explaining the spatial variability of summer rainfall in Pinellas County, Florida using ArcGIS SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE precipitation; wind direction; ArcGIS; rainfall pattern; sea breeze; spatial analysis ID REAL-TIME ESTIMATION; RADAR RAINFALL; PRECIPITABLE WATER; CONVERGENCE ZONES; POTENTIAL-ENERGY; SOUTH FLORIDA; LAND-BREEZE; SEA BREEZES; CONVECTION; PARAMETERS AB Pinellas County is a peninsula on the west coast of Florida that receives sea breeze driven convective rainfall during the summer months. To improve forecasting of local mesoscale phenomena, the spatial variability of summer rainfall in Pinellas was examined in relation to dominant wind directions and speeds, atmospheric stability, and atmospheric moisture content for the months of June, July, and August from 2003 to 2007. Radiosonde data from the Ruskin, Florida National Weather Service (NWS) Station, Pinellas County rain gauge data, and radar-estimated rainfall totals from the NWS Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service were used to examine different meteorological parameters and their relationships with the spatial variability of summer precipitation across the peninsula. Dominant daily wind direction categories were divided into six 60 degree increments: 1-60 degrees, 61-120 degrees, 121-160 degrees, 161-240 degrees, 241-300 degrees, and 301-360 degrees. Precipitable water had a significant positive correlation with precipitation in four of the six wind direction categories (61-120 degrees, 121-180 degrees, 181-240 degrees, and 241-300 degrees). Higher wind speeds associated with a southerly wind direction revealed significant positive relationships with precipitation. Composites of radar-derived rainfall estimates indicate that rain fell primarily in the center of the peninsula under a variety of wind directions, often with two daily maxima. Composites also show that the greatest potential for high precipitation amounts comes with westerly winds (241-300 degrees). C1 [Schoonard, Cristina Mazza; Collins, Jennifer] Univ S Florida, Dept Geog, Tampa, FL 33606 USA. [Paxton, Charles] Natl Weather Serv, Ruskin, FL USA. [Meindl, Christopher] Univ S Florida, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Geog, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Schoonard, CM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Geog, Tampa, FL 33606 USA. EM Camazza@mail.usf.edu FU Program for Operational Meteorology (COMET(R)); UCAR FX This paper was prepared under a sub-award from the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) under Cooperative Agreement Z10-83391 with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), US Department of Commerce (DOC). The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA, DOC, or UCAR. Special thanks to the Partners Program for Operational Meteorology (COMET (R)) and UCAR for providing funding for this project. We would also like to acknowledge the helpful feedback provided by the two anonymous reviewers as well as Dr. Gares, the editor of this volume. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-3646 EI 1930-0557 J9 PHYS GEOGR JI Phys. Geogr. PD MAR 4 PY 2014 VL 35 IS 2 SI SI BP 107 EP 122 DI 10.1080/02723646.2014.895893 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE3LP UT WOS:000333878300003 ER PT J AU Roberts, K Collins, J Paxton, CH Hardy, R Downs, J AF Roberts, Kelsey Collins, Jennifer Paxton, Charles H. Hardy, Robert Downs, Joni TI Weather patterns associated with green turtle hypothermic stunning events in St. Joseph Bay and Mosquito Lagoon, Florida SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Chelonia mydas; green turtle; Florida; hypothermic stunning; cold snap; Arctic Oscillation; advection freeze ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CHELONIA-MYDAS; GROWTH AB Sea turtles exhibit behavioral responses to cope with metabolic changes caused by seasonal water temperature fluctuations. Extremely low water temperatures (below 10 degrees C) may result in a mass hypothermic stunning (cold-stun) event, and a very limited time window exists within which sea turtles can be rescued and rehabilitated. Accurately recognizing and predicting weather patterns that cause abrupt cold snaps can alert sea turtle rescue groups and rehabilitation facilities in advance of the cold-stun event, improving their readiness and response times, and ultimately preventing severe impacts to the imperiled species. Therefore, this research analyzed weather data from available years to identify the atmospheric processes that resulted in moderate to severe cold-stun events. Three cold-stun events were examined using Arctic Oscillation data, synoptic scale weather elements, in situ air temperature, water temperature, and wind data. Differences between moderate and severe classifications are contingent upon the cold-snap duration. We examined continental-scale weather patterns that resulted in recent sea turtle cold-stunning events in Florida. Results of this research could be used in the formation of a model capable of forecasting these events, which could serve to alert the Florida Sea Turtle Stranding and Salvage Network to a potential sharp drop in water temperatures and increase their preparedness for responding to mass cold-stunning events. C1 [Roberts, Kelsey; Collins, Jennifer; Paxton, Charles H.; Downs, Joni] Univ S Florida, Sch Geosci, Tampa, FL 33606 USA. [Paxton, Charles H.] NOAA NWS, Ruskin, FL USA. [Hardy, Robert] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Roberts, K (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Sch Geosci, Tampa, FL 33606 USA. EM robertsk@mail.usf.edu OI Hardy, Robert/0000-0002-3178-2397 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-3646 EI 1930-0557 J9 PHYS GEOGR JI Phys. Geogr. PD MAR 4 PY 2014 VL 35 IS 2 SI SI BP 134 EP 150 DI 10.1080/02723646.2014.898573 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE3LP UT WOS:000333878300005 ER PT J AU Deroba, JJ AF Deroba, Jonathan J. TI Evaluating the Consequences of Adjusting Fish Stock Assessment Estimates of Biomass for Retrospective Patterns using Mohn's Rho SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT REFERENCE POINTS; HARVEST POLICIES; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; CONTROL RULES; STRATEGIES; PERFORMANCE; ENVIRONMENT; GROUNDFISH AB A retrospective pattern exists when estimates of some assessment parameter for a given time period (e.g., biomass in a given year) trend in a systematic way as additional periods of data (i.e., typically a year) are added. Causes of such patterns are difficult to determine, and the pattern does not necessarily indicate the direction of the parameter bias. Mohn's rho measures the severity of retrospective patterns and has been used to adjust estimates of biomass and quotas. The consequences of applying Mohn's rho rather than ignoring the pattern are unclear. I used an age-structured simulation based on Atlantic Herring Clupea harengus to evaluate the consequences of ignoring retrospective patterns versus applying Mohn's rho. When the application of Mohn's rho produced more accurate estimates of biomass, subsequent spawning stock biomass and yields were near target levels. When the use of Mohn's rho produced less-accurate estimates of biomass, the results depended on the direction of the pattern. With a positive retrospective pattern (i.e., estimates of biomass for a given year decline as additional years of data are added), the application of Mohn's rho lowered the estimates of biomass, producing little cost in long-term yield relative to the subsequent increases in biomass but resulting in a short-term cost of lower annual quotas. With a negative retrospective pattern (i.e., estimates of biomass for a given year increase as additional years of data are included), the use of Mohn's rho increased the estimates of biomass, thus generating long-term costs in yield and biomass but with a short-term benefit of higher annual quotas. The decision of whether to ignore retrospective patterns or apply Mohn's rho should depend on the direction of the pattern and the relative weight of short- and long-term fishery objectives. Performance may also depend on the shape of the control rules that are used to define annual quotas. Received May 14, 2013; accepted January 2, 2014 C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Deroba, JJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jonathan.deroba@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAR 4 PY 2014 VL 34 IS 2 BP 380 EP 390 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.882452 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AF1QW UT WOS:000334489400016 ER PT J AU Frossard, AA Russell, LM Massoli, P Bates, TS Quinn, PK AF Frossard, Amanda A. Russell, Lynn M. Massoli, Paola Bates, Timothy S. Quinn, Patricia K. TI Side-by-Side Comparison of Four Techniques Explains the Apparent Differences in the Organic Composition of Generated and Ambient Marine Aerosol Particles SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETER; SIZE AB Copyright 2014 American Association for Aerosol Research C1 [Frossard, Amanda A.; Russell, Lynn M.] UCSD, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Massoli, Paola] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA USA. [Bates, Timothy S.; Quinn, Patricia K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Russell, LM (reprint author), UCSD, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM lmrussell@ucsd.edu RI Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 33 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD MAR 4 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 3 BP V EP X DI 10.1080/02786826.2013.879979 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 295GS UT WOS:000330105200011 ER PT J AU Wang, X Chambers, MC Vega-Montoto, LJ Bunk, DM Stein, SE Tabb, DL AF Wang, Xia Chambers, Matthew C. Vega-Montoto, Lorenzo J. Bunk, David M. Stein, Stephen E. Tabb, David L. TI QC Metrics from CPTAC Raw LC-MS/MS Data Interpreted through Multivariate Statistics SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE METRICS; PROTEOMICS; REPRODUCIBILITY; PROTEINS; PLASMA AB Shotgun proteomics experiments integrate a complex sequence of processes, any of which can introduce variability. Quality metrics computed from LC-MS/MS data have relied upon identifying MS/MS scans, but a new mode for the QuaMeter software produces metrics that are independent of identifications. Rather than evaluating each metric independently, we have created a robust multivariate statistical toolkit that accommodates the correlation structure of these metrics and allows for hierarchical relationships among data sets. The framework enables visualization and structural assessment of variability. Study 1 for the Clinical Proteomics Technology Assessment for Cancer (CPTAC), which analyzed three replicates of two common samples at each of two time points among 23 mass spectrometers in nine laboratories, provided the data to demonstrate this framework, and CPTAC Study S provided data from complex lysates under Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) to complement these findings. Identification-independent quality metrics enabled the differentiation of sites and run-times through robust principal components analysis and subsequent factor analysis. Dissimilarity metrics revealed outliers in performance, and a nested ANOVA model revealed the extent to which all metrics or individual metrics were impacted by mass spectrometer and run time. Study 5 data revealed that even when SOPs have been applied, instrument-dependent variability remains prominent, although it may be reduced, while within-site variability is reduced significantly. Finally, identification-independent quality metrics were shown to be predictive of identification sensitivity in these data sets. QuaMeter and the associated multivariate framework are available from http://fenchurch.mc.vanderbilt.edu and http://homepages.uc.edu/similar to wang2x7/, respectively. C1 [Wang, Xia] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Chambers, Matthew C.; Vega-Montoto, Lorenzo J.; Tabb, David L.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Bunk, David M.; Stein, Stephen E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tabb, DL (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM david.l.tabb@vanderbilt.edu RI Vega-Montoto, Lorenzo/B-9035-2017; OI Vega-Montoto, Lorenzo/0000-0002-4096-1100; Tabb, David/0000-0001-7223-578X FU NIH/NCI; National Institute of Statistical Sciences; NIH/NCI [U24 CA159988, U24 CA126479]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX X.W. was supported by an interagency agreement between the NIH/NCI and the National Institute of Statistical Sciences. M.C.C. and D.L.T. were supported by NIH/NCI U24 CA159988. L.J.V.-M. was supported by NIH/NCI U24 CA126479. D.M.B. and S.E.S. were supported by an interagency agreement between the NIH/NCI and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 4 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 5 BP 2497 EP 2509 DI 10.1021/ac4034455 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AC4LZ UT WOS:000332494100033 PM 24494671 ER PT J AU Rhoderick, GC Duewer, DL Apel, E Baldan, A Hall, B Harling, A Helmig, D Heo, GS Hueber, J Kim, ME Kim, YD Miller, B Montzka, S Riemer, D AF Rhoderick, George C. Duewer, David L. Apel, Eric Baldan, Annarita Hall, Bradley Harling, Alice Helmig, Detlev Heo, Gwi Suk Hueber, Jacoues Kim, Mi Eon Kim, Yong Doo Miller, Ben Montzka, Steve Riemer, Daniel TI International Comparison of a Hydrocarbon Gas Standard at the Picomol per Mol Level SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INTERCOMPARISON EXPERIMENT NOMHICE; ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENTS; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; STABILITY; METHANE AB Studies of climate change increasingly recognize the diverse influences of hydrocarbons in the atmosphere, including roles in particulates and ozone formation. Measurements of key nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) suggest atmospheric mole fractions ranging from low picomoles per mol (ppt) to nanomoles per mol (ppb), depending on location and compound. To accurately establish mole fraction trends and to relate measurement records from many laboratories and researchers, it is essential to have accurate, stable, calibration standards. In February of 2008, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) developed and reported on picomoles per mol standards containing 18 nonmethane hydrocarbon compounds covering the mole fraction range of 60 picomoles per mol to 230 picomoles per mol. The stability of these gas mixtures was only characterized over a short time period (2 to 3 months). NIST recently prepared a suite of primary standard gas mixtures by gravimetric dilution to ascertain the stability of the 2008 picomoles per mol NMHC standards suite. The data from this recent chromatographic intercomparison of the 2008 to the 2011 suites confirm a much longer stability of almost 5 years for 15 of the 18 hydrocarbons; the double-bonded alkenes of propene, isobutene, and 1-pentene showed instability, in line with previous publications. The agreement between the gravimetric values from preparation and the analytical mole fractions determined from regression illustrate the internal consistency of the suite within +/- 2 pmol/mol. However, results for several of the compounds reflect stability problems for the three double-bonded hydrocarbons. An international intercomparison on one of the 2008 standards has also been completed. Participants included National Metrology Institutes, United States government laboratories, and academic laboratories. In general, results for this intercomparison agree to within about +/- 5% with the gravimetric mole fractions of the hydrocarbons. C1 [Rhoderick, George C.; Duewer, David L.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Apel, Eric] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Syst Lab, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Baldan, Annarita] Van Swindin Lab, NL-2629 JA Delft, Netherlands. [Hall, Bradley; Miller, Ben; Montzka, Steve] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Harling, Alice] Natl Phys Lab, Analyt Sci Team, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Helmig, Detlev; Hueber, Jacoues] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Heo, Gwi Suk; Kim, Mi Eon; Kim, Yong Doo] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Taejon, South Korea. [Riemer, Daniel] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Rhoderick, GC (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS-8393, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.rhoderick@nist.gov OI Miller, Benjamin/0000-0003-1647-0122 NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 4 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 5 BP 2580 EP 2589 DI 10.1021/ac403761u PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AC4LZ UT WOS:000332494100043 PM 24555659 ER PT J AU Rose, JM Bricker, SB Tedesco, MA Wikfors, GH AF Rose, Julie M. Bricker, Suzanne B. Tedesco, Mark A. Wikfors, Gary H. TI A Role for Shellfish Aquaculture in Coastal Nitrogen Management SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ECOLOGICAL CARRYING-CAPACITY; CHESAPEAKE BAY; CONTROLLING EUTROPHICATION; ORGANIC NITROGEN; PHYTOPLANKTON; ESTUARIES; BIOAVAILABILITY; RESTORATION; ENVIRONMENT; PHOSPHORUS AB Excess nutrients in the coastal environment have been linked to a host of environmental problems, and nitrogen reduction efforts have been a top priority of resource managers for decades. The use of shellfish for coastal nitrogen remediation has been proposed, but formal incorporation into nitrogen management programs is lagging. Including shellfish aquaculture in existing nitrogen management programs makes sense from environmental, economic, and social perspectives, but challenges must be overcome for large-scale implementation to be possible. C1 [Rose, Julie M.; Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Bricker, Suzanne B.] NOAA NCCOS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Tedesco, Mark A.] US EPA, Long Isl Sound Off, Stamford, CT 06901 USA. RP Rose, JM (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM julie.rose@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries Office of Aquaculture FX We acknowledge NOAA Fisheries Office of Aquaculture for their support. NR 64 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 4 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 5 BP 2519 EP 2525 DI 10.1021/es4041336 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AC4MA UT WOS:000332494200002 PM 24506309 ER PT J AU Suh, SW Tomar, S Leighton, M Kneifel, J AF Suh, Sangwon Tomar, Shivira Leighton, Matthew Kneifel, Joshua TI Environmental Performance of Green Building Code and Certification Systems SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; ENERGY-CONSUMPTION; IMPACT; CONSTRUCTION; DESIGN; LCA; INVENTORY; SELECTION; ENVELOPE; HOUSES AB We examined the potential life-cycle environmental impact reduction of three green building code and certification (GBCC) systems: LEED, ASHRAE 189.1, and lgCC. A recently completed whole-building life cycle assessment (LCA) database of NIST was applied to a prototype building model specification by NREL. TRACI 2.0 of EPA was used for life cycle impact assessment (LCIA). The results showed that the baseline building model generates about 18 thousand metric tons CO2-equiv. of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and consumes 6 terajoule (TJ) of primary energy and 328 million liter of water over its life-cycle. Overall, GBCC-compliant building models generated 0% to 25% less environmental impacts than the baseline case (average 14% reduction). The largest reductions were associated with acidification (25%), human health-respiratory (24%), and global warming (GW) (22%), while no reductions were observed for ozone layer depletion performances of the three GBCC-compliant building models measured in life-cycle impact reduction were comparable. A sensitivity analysis showed that the comparative results were reasonably robust, although some results were relatively sensitive to the behavioral parameters, including employee transportation and purchased electricity during the occupancy phase (average sensitivity coefficients 0.26-0.29). C1 [Suh, Sangwon] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Suh, Sangwon; Tomar, Shivira; Leighton, Matthew] IERS, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Kneifel, Joshua] NIST, Engn Lab, Appl Econ Off, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Suh, SW (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, 3422 Bren Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM suh@bren.ucsb.edu NR 72 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 71 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 4 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 5 BP 2551 EP 2560 DI 10.1021/es4040792 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AC4MA UT WOS:000332494200005 PM 24483287 ER PT J AU White, AT Alino, PM Cros, A Fatan, NA Green, AL Teoh, SJ Laroya, L Peterson, N Tan, S Tighe, S Venegas-Li, R Walton, A Wen, W AF White, Alan T. Alino, Porfirio M. Cros, Annick Fatan, Nurulhuda Ahmad Green, Alison L. Teoh, Shwu Jiau Laroya, Lynette Peterson, Nate Tan, Stanley Tighe, Stacey Venegas-Li, Ruben Walton, Anne Wen, Wen TI Marine Protected Areas in the Coral Triangle: Progress, Issues, and Options SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE coastal management; Coral Triangle countries; marine protected areas; marine spatial planning ID COASTAL FISHERIES; PHILIPPINES; MANAGEMENT; COUNTRIES; LESSONS; DECLINE; REEFS AB The six Coral Triangle countriesIndonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, and Timor-Lesteeach have evolving systems of marine protected areas (MPAs) at the national and local levels. More than 1,900 MPAs covering 200,881km(2) (1.6% of the exclusive economic zone for the region) have been established within these countries over the last 40years under legal mandates that range from village level traditional law to national legal frameworks that mandate the protection of large areas as MPAs. The focus of protection has been primarily on critical marine habitats and ecosystems, with a strong emphasis on maintaining and improving the status of near-shore fisheries, a primary food and economic resource in the region. This article brings together for the first time a consistent set of current data on MPAs for the six countries and reviews progress toward the establishment of MPAs in these countries with regard to (i) coverage of critical habitat (e.g., 17.8% of the coral reef habitat within the region lies within an MPA), (ii) areas under effective management, and (iii) actions needed to improve the implementation of MPAs as a marine conservation and resource management strategy. The contribution of MPAs to the Coral Triangle MPA System as called for in the Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries and Food Security Regional Plan of Action is clarified. Options for scaling up existing MPAs to networks of MPAs that are more ecologically linked and integrated with fisheries management and responsive to changing climate through the Coral Triangle MPA System development are discussed. A key point is the need to improve the effectiveness of existing MPAs, and plan in a manner leading to ecosystem-based management. C1 [White, Alan T.; Cros, Annick] Nature Conservancy, Indopacific Div, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. [Alino, Porfirio M.] Univ Philippines, Inst Marine Sci, Diliman, Philippines. [Fatan, Nurulhuda Ahmad; Teoh, Shwu Jiau; Tan, Stanley; Venegas-Li, Ruben] WorldFish, George Town, Malaysia. [Green, Alison L.; Peterson, Nate] Nature Conservancy, Indopacific Div, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Laroya, Lynette] Protected Areas & Wildlife Bur, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Quezon City, Philippines. [Walton, Anne] NOAA, Kauai, HI USA. [Wen, Wen] Nature Conservancy, Indonesian Marine Program, Bali, Indonesia. RP White, AT (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, Indopacific Div, 923 Nuuanu Ave, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. EM alan_white@tnc.org RI Venegas Li, Ruben/G-6560-2016 OI Venegas Li, Ruben/0000-0003-2085-8269 FU USAID [LAG-A-00-99-00048-00]; CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural Systems Program; Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security Program of WorldFish FX Funding for the preparation of this document was provided by the USAID-funded Coral Triangle Support Partnership (CTSP) through the USAID Project: GCP LWA Award # LAG-A-00-99-00048-00. CTSP is a consortium led by the World Wildlife Fund, The Nature Conservancy and Conservation International. Maps were created under the Coral Triangle Atlas by Nate Peterson (TNC). Spatial Data was compiled by the Coral Triangle Atlas team: Annick Cros (TNC), Nate Peterson (TNC), Wen Wen (TNC), Shwu Jiau Teoh (WorldFish), Nurulhuda Ahmad Fatan (WorldFish), Stanley Tan (WorldFish), Ruben Venegas (WorldFish/TNC), and Charles Huang (WWF-US). The database and maps can be accessed at http://ctatlas.reefbase.org/. The CT Atlas is hosted by WorldFish and in addition to USAID support has received matching funds from the CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural Systems Program and from the Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security Program of WorldFish. NR 63 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 9 U2 87 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 EI 1521-0421 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PD MAR 4 PY 2014 VL 42 IS 2 SI SI BP 87 EP 106 DI 10.1080/08920753.2014.878177 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AA8FW UT WOS:000331332000002 ER PT J AU Walton, A White, AT Tighe, S Alino, PM Laroya, L Dermawan, A Kasasiah, A Hamid, SA Vave-Karamui, A Genia, V Martins, LD Green, AL AF Walton, Anne White, Alan T. Tighe, Stacey Alino, Porfirio M. Laroya, Lynette Dermawan, Agus Kasasiah, Ahsanal Hamid, Shahima Abdul Vave-Karamui, Agnetha Genia, Viniu Martins, Lino De Jesus Green, Alison L. TI Establishing a Functional Region-Wide Coral Triangle Marine Protected Area System SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE coastal management; Coral Triangle countries; marine protected areas; marine spatial planning ID PHILIPPINES AB The six Coral Triangle countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, and Timor-Leste, each have evolving systems of marine protected areas (MPAs) at the national and local levels. Now with more than 1,900 MPAs covering 208,152km(2) (1.6% of the extended economic zone for the region), the Coral Triangle Initiative for Coral Reefs, Fisheries and Food Security has endorsed a Regional Plan of Action that contains a target of establishing a Coral Triangle Marine Protected Area System as part of its third goal on improving MPA management. This article details the contents of the Coral Triangle Marine Protected Area System Framework and Action Plan and describes its development and potential contribution to the improved management in the region once it is implemented. The MPA System Framework, as endorsed by the six countries, contains guidance for standardizing how MPAs and MPA networks are evaluated for effectiveness, and provides options for scaling-up existing MPAs to networks of MPAs that are more ecologically linked, integrated with fisheries management and responsive to changing climate. The Framework establishes an institutional mechanism by which the regional entity can facilitate the continued development and implementation of a region-wide MPA system that provides incentives for improved quality of management and enhanced marine area coverage at the local scale. C1 [Walton, Anne] NOAA, Kauai, HI USA. [White, Alan T.] Nature Conservancy, Indopacific Div, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. [Alino, Porfirio M.] Univ Philippines, Inst Marine Sci, Diliman, Philippines. [Laroya, Lynette] Protected Areas & Wildlife Bur, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Quezon City, Philippines. [Martins, Lino De Jesus] Minist Agr & Fisheries, Timor Leste, Indonesia. [Green, Alison L.] Nature Conservancy, Asia Pacific Program, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP White, AT (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, Indopacific Div, 923 Nuuanu Ave, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. EM alan_white@tnc.org FU USAID [LAG-A-00-99-00048-00] FX Funding for the preparation of this document was provided by the USAID-funded Coral Triangle Support Partnership (CTSP) through the USAID Project: GCP LWA Award # LAG-A-00-99-00048-00. Disclaimer: This document is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of Coral Triangle Support Partnership (CTSP) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 36 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 EI 1521-0421 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PD MAR 4 PY 2014 VL 42 IS 2 SI SI BP 107 EP 127 DI 10.1080/08920753.2014.877765 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AA8FW UT WOS:000331332000003 ER PT J AU Moody, G Akimov, IA Li, H Singh, R Yakovlev, DR Karczewski, G Wiater, M Wojtowicz, T Bayer, M Cundiff, ST AF Moody, G. Akimov, I. A. Li, H. Singh, R. Yakovlev, D. R. Karczewski, G. Wiater, M. Wojtowicz, T. Bayer, M. Cundiff, S. T. TI Coherent Coupling of Excitons and Trions in a Photoexcited CdTe/CdMgTe Quantum Well SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; NEGATIVELY CHARGED EXCITONS; OPTICAL-RESPONSE; GAAS AB We present zero-, one-, and two-quantum two-dimensional coherent spectra of excitons and trions in a CdTe/(Cd,Mg)Te quantum well. The set of spectra provides a unique and comprehensive picture of the coherent nonlinear optical response. Distinct peaks in the spectra are manifestations of exciton-exciton and exciton-trion coherent coupling. Excellent agreement using density matrix calculations highlights the essential role of many-body effects on the coupling. Strong exciton-trion coherent interactions open up the possibility for novel conditional control schemes in coherent optoelectronics. C1 [Moody, G.; Li, H.; Singh, R.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moody, G.; Li, H.; Singh, R.; Cundiff, S. T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moody, G.; Singh, R.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Akimov, I. A.; Yakovlev, D. R.; Bayer, M.] Tech Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Akimov, I. A.; Yakovlev, D. R.] Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Karczewski, G.; Wiater, M.; Wojtowicz, T.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. RP Moody, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu RI Li, Hebin/A-8711-2009; Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Moody, Galan/J-5811-2014; Wojtowicz, Tomasz/A-2887-2017 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Moody, Galan/0000-0001-7263-1483; FU Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Energy Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DEFG02-02ER15346]; National Science Foundation [1125844]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; National Centre of Science (Poland) [DEC-2012/06/A/ST3/00247] FX The authors thank R. A. Suris for helpful discussions. The research at JILA was primarily supported by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Energy Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy under Award No. DEFG02-02ER15346, and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1125844. S. T. C. acknowledges funding from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. The research in Germany was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. The research in Poland was partially supported by the National Centre of Science (Poland) Award No. DEC-2012/06/A/ST3/00247. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 41 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 3 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 9 AR 097401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.097401 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AC0FA UT WOS:000332169000010 PM 24655274 ER PT J AU Bonham, CH Werner, F AF Bonham, Charlton H. Werner, Francisco TI Introduction to the special marine issue SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bonham, Charlton H.] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Werner, Francisco] NOAA Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Bonham, CH (reprint author), Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD SPR PY 2014 VL 100 IS 2 BP 184 EP 185 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA AZ5EG UT WOS:000348242700003 ER PT J AU Persily, AK AF Persily, Andrew K. TI AIVC Airtightness/TightVent Workshop on Building and Ductwork Airtightness April 2013 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF VENTILATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Persily, AK (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU VEETECH LTD PI CONVENTRY PA 7A BARCLAYS VENTURE CENTRE, UNIV WARWICK SCI PARK, SIR WILLIAM LYONS RD, CONVENTRY, CV4 7EZ, ENGLAND SN 1473-3315 J9 INT J VENT JI Int. J. Vent. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 12 IS 4 BP 297 EP 297 PG 1 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels GA AQ3JO UT WOS:000342688900001 ER PT J AU Emmerich, SJ Persily, AK AF Emmerich, Steven J. Persily, Andrew K. TI Analysis of US Commercial Building Envelope Air Leakage Database to Support Sustainable Building Design SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF VENTILATION LA English DT Article DE airtightness; air barrier; blower door; fan pressurization test; infiltration; sustainable buildings AB In 1998, NIST published a review of commercial and institutional building airtightness data that found significant levels of air leakage and debunked the "myth" of the airtight commercial building (Persily, 1998). Since then, NIST has expanded and maintained a database of whole building envelope leakage measurements of U. S. commercial and institutional buildings. In addition to building leakage values collected from research publications, low-energy building programs and private pressurization testing firms, the database includes basic building characteristics such as year built, building type, floor area, number of storeys, location, and wall construction type for many of the buildings. The purposes of the database are to support the design and construction of low-energy buildings, to establish default values for building simulation, to estimate the energy savings potential of airtightness requirements in standards and codes, and to identify opportunities for additional improvements in building airtightness performance. The U. S. commercial building envelope leakage database contains data for almost 400 buildings including about 70 constructed in the past decade. The average air leakage for the buildings is 20% tighter than the average for the 228 buildings included in a similar 2011 analysis. The data were analysed to determine the factors that impact airtightness such as building type and height. Recent additions to the database include numerous buildings constructed to meet the specifications of sustainable building programs such as the U. S. Green Building Council's LEED rating system, as well as buildings designed and constructed with air barriers. The analysis found that the 79 buildings with an air barrier had an average air leakage almost 70% less than the average for the 290 buildings not specified as having an air barrier thus demonstrating the critical need to design and construct commercial buildings with an air barrier to support sustainable building design. C1 [Emmerich, Steven J.; Persily, Andrew K.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Emmerich, SJ (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU VEETECH LTD PI CONVENTRY PA 7A BARCLAYS VENTURE CENTRE, UNIV WARWICK SCI PARK, SIR WILLIAM LYONS RD, CONVENTRY, CV4 7EZ, ENGLAND SN 1473-3315 J9 INT J VENT JI Int. J. Vent. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 12 IS 4 BP 331 EP 343 PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels GA AQ3JO UT WOS:000342688900005 ER PT J AU Ng, LC Persily, AK Emmerich, SJ AF Ng, Lisa C. Persily, Andrew K. Emmerich, Steven J. TI Consideration of Envelope Airtightness in Modelling Commercial Building Energy Consumption SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF VENTILATION LA English DT Article DE commercial buildings; energy; envelope airtightness; indoor air quality; infiltration AB As strategies for improving building envelope and HVAC equipment efficiencies are increasingly required to reduce building energy use, a greater percentage of energy loss will occur through building envelope leakage. Although the energy impacts of unintended infiltration on a building's energy use can be significant, current energy simulation software and design methods are generally not able to accurately account for envelope infiltration and the impacts of improved airtightness. The airflow analyses capabilities of several energy simulation software tools are summarized, including whether the program calculates airflow rates for the user or accepts them as inputs. The bases of these airflow rate estimation approaches are evaluated for their physical soundness and accuracy. A new strategy to more accurately incorporate airflow calculations into energy software is also proposed, which is based on relationships between building infiltration rates calculated using detailed multizone airflow models and building characteristics, weather conditions, and building envelope airtightness. C1 [Ng, Lisa C.; Persily, Andrew K.; Emmerich, Steven J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ng, LC (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU VEETECH LTD PI CONVENTRY PA 7A BARCLAYS VENTURE CENTRE, UNIV WARWICK SCI PARK, SIR WILLIAM LYONS RD, CONVENTRY, CV4 7EZ, ENGLAND SN 1473-3315 J9 INT J VENT JI Int. J. Vent. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 12 IS 4 BP 369 EP 377 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels GA AQ3JO UT WOS:000342688900008 ER PT J AU Fuller, PL Knott, DM Kingsley-Smith, PR Morris, JA Buckel, CA Hunter, ME Hartman, LD AF Fuller, Pam L. Knott, David M. Kingsley-Smith, Peter R. Morris, James A. Buckel, Christine A. Hunter, Margaret E. Hartman, Leslie D. TI Invasion of Asian tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798, in the western north Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico SO AQUATIC INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Asian tiger shrimp; Penaeus monodon; western Atlantic; Gulf of Mexico; invasion; population status; phylogenetics ID SYNDROME VIRUS WSSV; HISTORIC EMERGENCE; PRAWN; TRANSMISSION; NATANTIA; DECAPODA; PATHOGENS; DISEASES; IMPACT; COAST AB After going unreported in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean for 18 years (1988 to 2006), the Asian tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, has recently reappeared in the South Atlantic Bight and, for the first time ever, in the Gulf of Mexico. Potential vectors and sources of this recent invader include: 1) discharged ballast water from its native range in Asia or other areas where it has become established; 2) transport of larvae from established non-native populations in the Caribbean or South America via ocean currents; or 3) escape and subsequent migration from active aquaculture facilities in the western Atlantic. This paper documents recent collections of P. monodon from the South Atlantic Bight and the Gulf of Mexico, reporting demographic and preliminary phylogenetic information for specimens collected between North Carolina and Texas from 2006 through 2012. The increased number of reports in 2011 and 2012, ranging from 102 mm to 298 mm total length, indicates that an adult population is present in densities sufficient for breeding, which is indicative of incipient establishment. Based on these reports of P. monodon, its successful invasion elsewhere, and its life history, we believe that this species will become common in the South Atlantic Bight and Gulf of Mexico in less than 10 years. Penaeus monodon is an aggressive predator in its native range and, if established, may prey on native shrimps, crabs, and bivalves. The impacts of an established P. monodon population are potentially widespread (e.g., alterations in local commercial fisheries, direct and indirect pressures on native shrimp, crab and bivalve populations, and subsequent impacts on the populations of other predators of those organisms) and should be considered by resource managers. The impacts of P. monodon on native fauna and the source(s) or vector(s) of the invasion, however, remain unknown at this time. C1 [Fuller, Pam L.; Hunter, Margaret E.] U S Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Knott, David M.] Poseidon Taxon Serv LLC, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. [Kingsley-Smith, Peter R.] Marine Resources Res Inst, South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29422 USA. [Morris, James A.; Buckel, Christine A.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Palacios, TX 77465 USA. RP Fuller, PL (reprint author), U S Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM pfuller@usgs.gov; david.knott@why-knott.com; kingsleysmithp@dnr.sc.gov; james.morris@noaa.gov; christine.addison@noaa.gov; mhunter@usgs.gov; leslie.hartman@tpwd.texas.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Invasive Species Program; South Carolina Department of Natural Resources; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Invasive Species Program, the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. We thank K. Craig, P. Marraro, and four anonymous reviewers for their comments. We are grateful for the contributions of Matt Cannister, Amy Benson and Matthew Neilson U.S. Geological Survey (Gainesville, Florida) for data entry, analysis and figure preparation; Trish Murphey and Kevin Hart, North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries; Michelle Sempsrott and Larry Connor, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission; Joan Herrera, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission's Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (FWRI); Craig Newton, Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources; Mike Pursley, Mississippi Department of Marine Resources; Rebecca Hillebrandt and Rob Bourgeois, Louisiana Department of Wildlife & Fisheries; Todd Mathes, Georgia Department of Natural Resources; and many other individuals across the region that have assisted with specimen reporting, collection, outreach and education. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 17 PU REGIONAL EURO-ASIAN BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS CENTRE-REABIC PI HELSINKI PA PL 3, HELSINKI, 00981, FINLAND SN 1798-6540 EI 1818-5487 J9 AQUAT INVASIONS JI Aquat. Invasions PD MAR PY 2014 VL 9 IS 1 BP 59 EP 70 DI 10.3391/ai.2014.9.1.05 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN9RH UT WOS:000340944900005 ER PT J AU Shi, W Wang, MH AF Shi, Wei Wang, Menghua TI Ocean reflectance spectra at the red, near-infrared, and shortwave infrared from highly turbid waters: A study in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SWIR ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; MODIS-AQUA MEASUREMENTS; ZONE COLOR SCANNER; LEAVING RADIANCE; SURFACE REFLECTANCE; LIGHT-SCATTERING; COASTAL WATERS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; ICE PROPERTIES AB Normalized water-leaving radiance spectra nL(w)(lambda) at the red, near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave infrared (SWIR) are quantified and characterized in highly turbid waters of the western Pacific using 3 yr (2009-2011) observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer on the satellite Aqua. nL(w)(645; red), nL(w)(859; NIR), and nL(w)(1240; SWIR) were higher in the coastal region and river estuaries, with SWIR nL(w)(1240) reaching up to similar to 0.2 mW cm(-2) mu m(-1) sr(-1) in Hangzhou Bay during winter. The NIR ocean-reflectance spectral shape represented by the ratio of the normalized water-leaving reflectance rho N-w(lambda) at the two NIR bands rho N-w(748) : rho N-w(869) is highly dynamic and region-dependent. The NIR spectral feature associated with the sediment source from the Yellow River and Ancient Yellow River is noticeably different from that of the Yangtze River. There are non-negligible SWIR nL(w)(1240) contributions for waters with the NIR nL(w)(859) > similar to 2.5 mW cm(-2) mu m(-1) sr(-1). Estimation of the NIR ocean reflectance with iterative approaches might only be accurate for turbid waters with nL(w)(859) < similar to 1.5 mW cm(-2) mu m(-1) sr(-1). Thus, the SWIR atmospherics correction algorithm for satellite ocean-color data processing is indispensable to derive accurate nL(w)(lambda) for highly turbid waters. Current existing satellite algorithms for chlorophyll a, diffuse attenuation coefficient at the wavelength of 490 nm (K-d(490)), total suspended matter, and inherent optical properties (IOPs) using nL(w)(lambda) at the red band for coastal waters are limited and can only be applied to turbid waters with nL(w)(859) < similar to 1.5 mW cm(-2) mu m(-1) sr(-1). Thus, the NIR nL(w)(lambda) measurements are required to characterize water properties for highly turbid waters. Based on the fact that pure water absorption is significantly larger than other absorption components in the NIR wavelengths, we show that it is feasible to analytically derive accurate IOP data for turbid waters with combined satellite-measured visible-NIR nL(w)(lambda) spectra data. C1 [Shi, Wei; Wang, Menghua] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Shi, Wei] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Shi, W (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Wei.1.Shi@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; NR 74 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 59 IS 2 BP 427 EP 444 DI 10.4319/lo.2014.59.2.0427 PG 18 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AM5MF UT WOS:000339902800011 ER PT J AU Hardison, DR Sunda, WG Tester, PA Shea, D Litaker, RW AF Hardison, D. Ransom Sunda, William G. Tester, Patricia A. Shea, Damian Litaker, R. Wayne TI Increased cellular brevetoxins in the red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis under CO2 limitation of growth rate: Evolutionary implications and potential effects on bloom toxicity SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID INORGANIC CARBON ACQUISITION; DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; CONCENTRATING MECHANISMS; NITROGEN LIMITATION; PRYMNESIUM-PARVUM; PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA; ALGAL BLOOMS; PH; ECOLOGY AB Karenia brevis blooms impair human health, marine ecosystems, and coastal economies in the Gulf of Mexico via their production of carbon-based neurotoxins (brevetoxins), which contain no nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P). N and P limitation of growth rate substantially increases brevetoxins in this dinoflagellate, consistent with predictions of the carbon nutrient balance (CNB) hypothesis. This hypothesis further predicts that an increase in carbon-based brevetoxins should not occur if growth rate is limited by carbon dioxide (CO2). We tested this prediction by examining the effect of CO2 limitation of K. brevis growth rate on cellular brevetoxins. In contradiction to the prediction of the CNB hypothesis, brevetoxins normalized to cell carbon were on average 81% higher in CO2-limited cells growing at a rate of 0.1 d(-1) than in cells growing at their maximum rates (0.4 0.5 d(-1)). This increase in brevetoxin : C values in the CO2-limited cells, however, was 23-42% lower than that previously observed for comparable growth rate limitation by phosphate. The CO2-limited cells also exhibited 40% higher cellular N: C and 60-100% higher chlorophyll a : C than observed in P-limited cells at equivalent growth rates. These effects were likely due to the up-regulation of the cell's CO2-concentrating mechanism under CO2 limitation, which increased the demand for photosynthetically produced adenosine-59-triphosphate. The results indicate that anthropogenic increases in CO2 concentrations in surface ocean waters are likely to increase the toxicity of K. brevis blooms due to potential increases in bloom biomass yield and to a greater likelihood that dense blooms will become N or P limited rather than CO2 limited. C1 [Hardison, D. Ransom; Sunda, William G.; Tester, Patricia A.; Litaker, R. Wayne] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28557 USA. [Shea, Damian] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hardison, DR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28557 USA. EM rance.hardison@noaa.gov NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 59 IS 2 BP 560 EP 577 DI 10.4319/lo.2014.59.2.0560 PG 18 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AM5MF UT WOS:000339902800020 ER PT J AU Anderson, IC Brush, MJ Piehler, MF Currin, CA Stanhope, JW Smyth, AR Maxey, JD Whitehead, ML AF Anderson, Iris C. Brush, Mark J. Piehler, Michael F. Currin, Carolyn A. Stanhope, Jennifer W. Smyth, Ashley R. Maxey, Johnathan D. Whitehead, Meaghan L. TI Impacts of Climate-Related Drivers on the Benthic Nutrient Filter in a Shallow Photic Estuary SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Shallow photic estuary; Benthic filter; Climate; Microphytobenthos; Benthicmetabolism; Remineralization; Nitrogen fixation; Denitrification ID CHLOROPHYLL-A; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; RIVER-ESTUARY; SEASONAL-VARIATION; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; WATER SEDIMENTS; NORTH-CAROLINA; DENITRIFICATION; MICROPHYTOBENTHOS AB In shallow photic systems, the benthic filter, including microphytobenthos and denitrifiers, is important in preventing or reducing release of remineralized NH4+ to the water column. Its effectiveness can be impacted by climate-related drivers, including temperature and storminess, which by increasing wind and freshwater delivery can resuspend sediment, reduce salinity and deliver nutrients, total suspended solids, and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) to coastal systems. Increases in temperature and freshwater delivery may initiate a cascade of responses affecting benthic metabolism with impacts on sediment properties, which in turn regulate nitrogen cycling processes that either sequester (via microphytobenthos), remove (via denitrification), or increase sediment nitrogen (via remineralization, nitrogen fixation, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium). We conducted a seasonal study at shallow stations to assess the effects of freshwater inflow, temperature, wind, light, and CDOM on sediment properties, benthic metabolism, nitrogen cycling processes, and the effectiveness of the benthic filter. We also conducted a depth study to constrain seasonally varying parameters such as temperature to better assess the effects of light availability and water depth on benthic processes. Based on relationships observed between climatic drivers and response variables, we predict a reduction in the effectiveness of the benthic filter over the long term with feedbacks that will increase effluxes of N to the water column with the potential to contribute to system eutrophication. This may push shallow systems past a tipping point where trophic status moves from net autotrophy toward net heterotrophy, with new baselines characterized by degraded water quality. C1 [Anderson, Iris C.; Brush, Mark J.; Stanhope, Jennifer W.; Maxey, Johnathan D.; Whitehead, Meaghan L.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Piehler, Michael F.; Smyth, Ashley R.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Currin, Carolyn A.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal & Ocean Sci, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Anderson, IC (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM iris@vims.edu RI Piehler, Michael/C-3844-2011 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Developmental Program-Defense Coastal/Estuarine Research Program [SI-1413]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0542645, DGE-0840804] FX This work would not have been possible without the assistance of H. Walker, S. Lake, J. Giordano, H. Wiseman, A. Hardison, K. Stark, B. Lawson, L. Ott, and G. Secrist of VIMS; A. Hilting, M. Greene, J. Wernly, P. Delano, and L. Cowart of NOAA; and R. Swartz of UNC-IMS. We are also thankful to S. Cohen of NAVFAC and the Camp Lejeune Environmental Management Division staff. Funding for this research was provided by the Strategic Environmental Research and Developmental Program-Defense Coastal/Estuarine Research Program Project SI-1413 and National Science Foundation Projects DEB-0542645 and DGE-0840804. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not represent the policies or opinions of the US Department of Defense, Department of Commerce, NOAA, or associated services. This paper is Contribution No. 3289 of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, The College of William and Mary. NR 82 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAR PY 2014 VL 37 IS 1 SU S SI SI BP S46 EP S62 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9665-5 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AL5KF UT WOS:000339171800005 ER PT J AU Cebrian, J Corcoran, D Lartigue, J AF Cebrian, Just Corcoran, Devin Lartigue, Julien TI Eutrophication-Driven Shifts in Primary Producers in Shallow Coastal Systems: Implications for System Functional Change SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Eutrophication; Seagrasses; Macroalgae; Phytoplankton; Anoxia; Ecosystem ID EELGRASS ZOSTERA-MARINA; CAULERPA-TAXIFOLIA CHLOROPHYTA; SHOALGRASS HALODULE-WRIGHTII; ULVA-ROTUNDATA CHLOROPHYTA; COLUMN NITRATE ENRICHMENT; LAGOON PLANT-COMMUNITIES; FILAMENTOUS ALGAL MATS; NORTHERN BALTIC SEA; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; MACROALGAL BLOOMS AB Significant progress has been made recently towards a better understanding of the nature, causes, and consequences of anthropogenic eutrophication of shallow coastal systems. It is well established that, in pristine systems dominated by seagrasses, incipient to moderate eutrophication often leads to the replacement of seagrasses by phytoplankton and loose macroalgal mats as the dominant producers. However, less is known about the interactions between phytoplankton and loose macroalgae at intense eutrophication. Using a combination of original research and literature data, we provide support for the hypothesis that substantial macroalgal decline may occur at intense eutrophication due to severe water column shading. Our results suggest that such declines may be widespread. However, we also show that intense eutrophication is not always necessarily conducive to severe water column shading and large macroalgal declines, possibly due to short water residence time and/or elevated grazing on phytoplankton. Furthermore, we provide support to the hypothesis that the occurrence of hypoxic/anoxic conditions in eutrophication-driven shifts in dominant primary producer assemblages influences the nature and extent of functional change in the system. Focusing on the macroalgal blooms and seagrass decline that often occur at incipient/moderate eutrophication, we show the blooms have a positive effect on epifaunal abundance under well-oxygenated conditions, but a negative effect if pervasive anoxic/hypoxic conditions develop with the bloom. These findings provide support to prior suggestions that secondary productivity in shallow coastal systems may increase as seagrasses get replaced by loose macroalgal stands if the stands remain well oxygenated. In concert, our results contribute to an improvement of our current model of eutrophication of shallow coastal systems and suggest that further effort should be put on ascertaining the mechanisms that may prevent severe water column shading and large macroalgal decline at intense eutrophication, as well as thorough documentation of the impacts of anoxic/hypoxic conditions on system functionality at different stages of eutrophication. C1 [Cebrian, Just] Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [Cebrian, Just] Univ S Alabama, Dept Marine Sci, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Corcoran, Devin] Boston Univ, Marine Program, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Lartigue, Julien] NOAA, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Cebrian, J (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Dept Marine Sci, LSCB 25, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. EM jcebrian@disl.org FU NOAA [NA86RG0039, NA16RG2258]; MASGC [5-21838]; ACES [5-21871] FX We thank Jennifer Bowen and Marci Cole for their help and insights with the work related to the Cape Cod estuaries. This paper has benefited from discussions and insights provided by several colleagues, in particular Ivan Valiela, Jennifer Hauxwell, Michael Kemp, and Andrea Anton. We also thank two reviewers for their useful comments. Josh Goff provided technical assistance with figures and tables. This publication was supported by NOAA (NA86RG0039 and NA16RG2258), MASGC (5-21838), and ACES (5-21871) grants to J. Cebrian. NR 122 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 51 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAR PY 2014 VL 37 IS 1 SU S SI SI BP S180 EP S197 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9689-x PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AL5KF UT WOS:000339171800013 ER PT J AU Gao, RS Rosenlof, KH Fahey, DW Wennberg, PO Hintsa, EJ Hanisco, TF AF Gao, R. S. Rosenlof, K. H. Fahey, D. W. Wennberg, P. O. Hintsa, E. J. Hanisco, T. F. TI OH in the tropical upper troposphere and its relationships to solar radiation and reactive nitrogen SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE OH; In situ; Tropical upper troposphere; STRAT ID AIRCRAFT EXHAUST PLUMES; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; HYDROGEN RADICALS; NASA ER-2; HYDROXYL; PACIFIC; HOX; O-3; INSTRUMENT AB In situ measurements of [OH], [HO2] (square brackets denote species concentrations), and other chemical species were made in the tropical upper troposphere (TUT). [OH] showed a robust correlation with solar zenith angle. Beyond this dependence, however, [OH] did not correlate to its primary source, the product of [O-3] and [H2O] ([O-3]aEuro cent[H2O]), or its sink [NOy]. This suggests that [OH] is heavily buffered in the TUT. One important exception to this result is found in regions with very low [O-3], [NO], and [NOy]. Under these conditions, [OH] is highly suppressed, pointing to the critical role of NO in sustaining OH in the TUT and the possibility of low [OH] over the western Pacific warm pool due to strong marine convections bringing NO-poor air to the TUT. In contrast to [OH], [HOx] ([OH] + [HO2]) correlated reasonably well with [O-3]aEuro cent[H2O]/[NOy], suggesting that [O-3]aEuro cent[H2O] and [NOy] are the significant source and sink, respectively, of [HOx]. C1 [Gao, R. S.; Rosenlof, K. H.; Fahey, D. W.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fahey, D. W.; Hintsa, E. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hintsa, E. J.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hanisco, T. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gao, RS (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM RuShan.Gao@noaa.gov RI Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; FU NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program; NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program; NASA Radiation Sciences Program; NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program FX This work was supported by the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program and the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program, the NASA Radiation Sciences Program, and the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program. We would like to thank the NASA ER-2 program for making the mission possible. We thank M. Rex and L. L. Pan for insightful discussions. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7764 EI 1573-0662 J9 J ATMOS CHEM JI J. Atmos. Chem. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 71 IS 1 BP 55 EP 64 DI 10.1007/s10874-014-9280-2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AK8FA UT WOS:000338661500004 ER PT J AU Godin, OA AF Godin, Oleg A. TI Shear waves in inhomogeneous, compressible fluids in a gravity field SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOUND-TRANSMISSION; RECIPROCITY; TEMPERATURE; PROPAGATION; EARTHQUAKES; ATMOSPHERE; INTERFACES; PACIFIC; TSUNAMI; WIND AB While elastic solids support compressional and shear waves, waves in ideal compressible fluids are usually thought of as compressional waves. Here, a class of acoustic-gravity waves is studied in which the dilatation is identically zero, and the pressure and density remain constant in each fluid particle. These shear waves are described by an exact analytic solution of linearized hydrodynamics equations in inhomogeneous, quiescent, inviscid, compressible fluids with piecewise continuous parameters in a uniform gravity field. It is demonstrated that the shear acoustic-gravity waves also can be supported by moving fluids as well as quiescent, viscous fluids with and without thermal conductivity. Excitation of a shear-wave normal mode by a point source and the normal mode distortion in realistic environmental models are considered. The shear acoustic-gravity waves are likely to play a significant role in coupling wave processes in the ocean and atmosphere. (C) 2014 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Godin, Oleg A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Godin, Oleg A.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, DSRC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Godin, OA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Mail Code R PSD99,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Oleg.Godin@noaa.gov RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-13-1-0348] FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research, grant N00014-13-1-0348. Stimulating discussions with B. Cornuelle, I. M. Fuks, L. A. Ostrovsky, and N. A. Zabotin are gratefully acknowledged. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 8 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 135 IS 3 BP 1071 EP 1082 DI 10.1121/1.4863655 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA AJ7SM UT WOS:000337897400018 PM 24606251 ER PT J AU Miller, BS Collins, K Barlow, J Calderan, S Leaper, R McDonald, M Ensor, P Olson, PA Olavarria, C Double, MC AF Miller, Brian S. Collins, Kym Barlow, Jay Calderan, Susannah Leaper, Russell McDonald, Mark Ensor, Paul Olson, Paula A. Olavarria, Carlos Double, Michael C. TI Blue whale vocalizations recorded around New Zealand: 1964-2013 SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BALAENOPTERA-MUSCULUS; ACOUSTIC DETECTION; FREQUENCY; PACIFIC; WATERS AB Previous underwater recordings made in New Zealand have identified a complex sequence of low frequency sounds that have been attributed to blue whales based on similarity to blue whale songs in other areas. Recordings of sounds with these characteristics were made opportunistically during the Southern Ocean Research Partnership's recent Antarctic Blue Whale Voyage. Detections of these sounds occurred all around the South Island of New Zealand during the voyage transits from Nelson, New Zealand to the Antarctic and return. By following acoustic bearings from directional sonobuoys, blue whales were visually detected and confirmed as the source of these sounds. These recordings, together with the historical recordings made northeast of New Zealand, indicate song types that persist over several decades and are indicative of the year-round presence of a population of blue whales that inhabits the waters around New Zealand. Measurements of the four-part vocalizations reveal that blue whale song in this region has changed slowly, but consistently over the past 50 years. The most intense units of these calls were detected as far south as 53 degrees S, which represents a considerable range extension compared to the limited prior data on the spatial distribution of this population. (C) 2014 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Miller, Brian S.; Collins, Kym; Calderan, Susannah; Ensor, Paul; Olavarria, Carlos; Double, Michael C.] Australian Antarctic Div, Australian Marine Mammal Ctr, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. [Barlow, Jay; Olson, Paula A.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Leaper, Russell] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland. [McDonald, Mark] Whale Acoust, Bellvue, CO 80512 USA. RP Miller, BS (reprint author), Australian Antarctic Div, Australian Marine Mammal Ctr, Channel Highway, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. EM brian.miller@aad.gov.au NR 31 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 26 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 135 IS 3 BP 1616 EP 1623 DI 10.1121/1.4863647 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA AJ7SM UT WOS:000337897400063 PM 24606296 ER PT J AU Bonsignorio, F Messina, E del Pobil, AP AF Bonsignorio, Fabio Messina, Elena del Pobil, Angel P. TI Fostering Progress in Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking of Robotic and Automation Systems SO IEEE ROBOTICS & AUTOMATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bonsignorio, Fabio] Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Syst Engn & Automat, E-28903 Getafe, Spain. [Bonsignorio, Fabio] Heron Robots, Genoa, Italy. [Messina, Elena] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [del Pobil, Angel P.] Univ Jaume 1, Engn & Comp Sci Dept, Castellon de La Plana, Spain. [del Pobil, Angel P.] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Interact Sci, Seoul, South Korea. RP Bonsignorio, F (reprint author), Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Syst Engn & Automat, E-28903 Getafe, Spain. EM fabio.bonsignorio@uc3m.es; elena.messina@nist.gov; pobil@uji.es OI Messina, Elena/0000-0002-1727-9357 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1070-9932 EI 1558-223X J9 IEEE ROBOT AUTOM MAG JI IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 21 IS 1 BP 22 EP 25 DI 10.1109/MRA.2014.2298363 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA AI8AV UT WOS:000337126000005 ER PT J AU Chulliat, A Maus, S AF Chulliat, A. Maus, S. TI Geomagnetic secular acceleration, jerks, and a localized standing wave at the core surface from 2000 to 2010 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID EARTHS MAGNETIC-FIELD; SATELLITE DATA; MODEL; MANTLE; POMME AB The geomagnetic secular acceleration (SA), defined as the second-order time derivative of the Earth's core magnetic field, is investigated using data from the CHAMP satellite. We present a set of SA spherical harmonic models calculated from 3 year time intervals of CHAMP data, centered on epochs ranging from 2002.19 to 2009.51 with a 30 day step. These models are parameterized as second-order Taylor expansions in time and are not regularized, except for SA degrees larger than 8. We find that the SA underwent two power pulses in 2006 and 2009 at the core-mantle boundary (mostly on degrees 5 and 6) and at the Earth's surface (mostly on degrees 2 to 4). These pulses take the form of intense SA patches at the core surface in the low-latitude Atlantic sector and in the Indian Ocean sector. In the Atlantic sector, the 2006 and 2009 SA patches are markedly anticorrelated. Principal component analysis suggests that the two pulses are part of a standing wave of period about 6 years. At the Earth's surface, this wave results in a succession of geomagnetic jerks, i.e., sudden SA polarity changes, in 2003, 2007, and 2011 near the Atlantic sector. The 2011 jerk is detected using the latest observatory data available, including quasi-definitive data from January to October 2013. The origin of the wave is not clear; we find that it cannot be generated by the zonal toroidal flow of a torsional oscillation. Other possible interpretations are discussed. C1 [Chulliat, A.] Univ Paris Diderot, Inst Phys Globe Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR CNRS 7154, Paris, France. [Chulliat, A.; Maus, S.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Chulliat, A (reprint author), Univ Paris Diderot, Inst Phys Globe Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR CNRS 7154, Paris, France. EM chulliat@ipgp.fr RI Chulliat, Arnaud/A-5747-2011; OI Chulliat, Arnaud/0000-0001-7414-9631; Maus, Stefan/0000-0002-9604-3878 FU German Aerospace Center (DLR); Federal Ministry of Education and Research; CNES; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder FX The CHAMP mission is supported by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. The results presented in this paper rely on data collected at magnetic observatories. We thank the national institutes that support them and INTERMAGNET for promoting high standards of magnetic observatory practice (www.intermagnet.org). We thank two reviewers for constructive comments. The research reported here was financially supported by CNES and by the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder. This is IPGP contribution 3496. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR PY 2014 VL 119 IS 3 BP 1531 EP 1543 DI 10.1002/2013JB010604 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AI4OM UT WOS:000336844700001 ER PT J AU Perez-Santos, I Schneider, W Valle-Levinson, A Garces-Vargas, J Soto, I Montoya-Sanchez, R Gonzalez, NM Muller-Karger, F AF Perez-Santos, Ivan Schneider, Wolfgang Valle-Levinson, Amoldo Garces-Vargas, Jose Soto, Inia Montoya-Sanchez, Raul Gonzalez, Nelson Melo Mueller-Karger, Frank TI Chlorophyll-a patterns and mixing processes in the Yucatan Basin, Caribbean Sea SO CIENCIAS MARINAS LA English DT Article DE satellite chlorophyll-a; wind mixing; vertical transport; surface currents; Yucatan Basin ID OCEAN; GULF AB Daily images collected with the MODIS sensor on the NASA Aqua satellite were used to describe chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentrations before, during, and after synoptic-scale meteorological pulses in the Yucatan Basin, Caribbean Sea. The relative influence of vertical diffusive and vertical advective transport on mixing of the near surface layer was quantified with wind data from the QuikSCAT satellite. Computation of vertical density eddy diffusivity and gradient Richardson numbers was done with data from the three-dimensional MERCATOR model. The model evidenced the importance of vertical shear (i.e., vertical diffusive processes) in generating mixing during autumn and winter (2007-2009). During moderate meteorological pulses (e.g., cold fronts, easterly tropical waves, and low-pressure systems with wind speeds of 9-15 m s(-1) sustained over 2 days), mixing caused by diffusive transport (eddy viscosity of 10 x 10(-3) m(2) s(-1)) was at least one order of magnitude higher than upward advective mixing (0.3 x 10(-3) m(2) s(-1)). During the passage of hurricanes Ivan (September 2004) and Wilma (October 2005), upward advective mixing (5-7 m(2) s(-1)) dominated mixing of the upper water column and was nearly four orders of magnitude higher than during moderate meteorological events. Background chl-a concentrations of 0.03-0.08 mg m(-3) were observed during the July October period. During synoptic weather pulses, three different patterns in the chl-a concentrations were observed: first, chl-a concentrations in the range of 0.05 to 0.12 mg m(-3) followed moderate meteorological pulses; second, higher regional chl-a concentrations (0.5-2.0 mg m(-3)) followed the passage of hurricanes; and third, the formation of filaments showing apparent high chl-a (0.3-1.5 mg m(-3)) south of Cuba, possibly caused by freshwater discharge from land. The changes in chlorophyll patterns following meteorological events illustrate typical patterns of connectivity among different parts of the Yucatan Basin. C1 [Perez-Santos, Ivan; Schneider, Wolfgang] Univ Concepcion, Dept Oceanog, Concepcion 4070043, Chile. [Perez-Santos, Ivan; Montoya-Sanchez, Raul] Univ Concepcion, Ctr Invest Oceanog El Pacifico Oriental COPAS, Concepcion 4070043, Chile. [Valle-Levinson, Amoldo] Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Garces-Vargas, Jose] Univ Austral Chile, Fac Ciencias, Inst Ciencias Marinas & Limnol, Santiago, Chile. [Soto, Inia; Mueller-Karger, Frank] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, Inst Marine Remote Sensing, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Soto, Inia] Univ Fed Rio Grande, Lab Estudos Oceano & Clima, BR-9620190 Rio Grande, Rio Grande Do S, Brazil. [Gonzalez, Nelson Melo] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, NOAA,Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Cooperat Sci Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies,Phys, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Perez-Santos, I (reprint author), Univ Concepcion, Dept Oceanog, Campus Concepcion,Victor Lamas 1290,Casilla 160-C, Concepcion 4070043, Chile. EM ivanperez@udec.cl FU National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT, Chile) [2006330027-6]; National Science Foundation [OCE-0825876]; NASA [NNX09AV24G, NNX08AL06G]; CONICYT-FONDECYT [3120038]; COPAS Sur Austral [PFB 31/2007] FX Thanks are due to the National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT, Chile) for providing a doctorate scholarship for IPS (2006330027-6) to study at the University of Concepcion, Chile, and to the MECESUP Program for supporting a research stay at AOML-NOAA, Miami, University of South Florida and University of Florida. AVL acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (project OCE-0825876). FMK received support from NASA grants NNX09AV24G and NNX08AL06G. The authors also thank CONICYT-FONDECYT (grant 3120038), COPAS Sur Austral (grant PFB 31/2007), and the anonymous reviewers. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU INST INVESTIGACIONES OCEANOLOGICAS, U A B C PI BAJA CALIFORNIA PA APARTADO POSTAL 423, ENSENADA, BAJA CALIFORNIA 22800, MEXICO SN 0185-3880 J9 CIENC MAR JI Ceinc. Mar. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 40 IS 1 BP 11 EP 31 DI 10.7773/cm.v40i1.2320 PG 21 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI2LX UT WOS:000336690400002 ER PT J AU Howes, EL Bednarsek, N Budenbender, J Comeau, S Doubleday, A Gallager, SM Hopcroft, RR Lischka, S Maas, AE Bijma, J Gattuso, JP AF Howes, Ella L. Bednarsek, Nina Buedenbender, Jan Comeau, Steeve Doubleday, Ayla Gallager, Scott M. Hopcroft, Russell R. Lischka, Silke Maas, Amy E. Bijma, Jelle Gattuso, Jean-Pierre TI Sink and swim: a status review of thecosome pteropod culture techniques SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE pteropod; culture methods; ocean acidification; perturbation experiment ID OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; LIMACINA-HELICINA; GELATINOUS ZOOPLANKTON; ARAGONITE PRODUCTION; METABOLIC-RESPONSE; CLIONE-LIMACINA; SHELL GROWTH; SEA; MOLLUSKS; GASTROPODA AB The widespread distribution of pteropods, their role in ocean food webs and their sensitivity to ocean acidification and warming has renewed scientific interest in this group of zooplankton. Unfortunately, their fragile shell, sensitivity to handling, unknowns surrounding buoyancy regulation and poorly described feeding mechanisms make thecosome pteropods notoriously difficult to maintain in the laboratory. The resultant high mortality rates and unnatural behaviours may confound experimental findings. The high mortality rate also discourages the use of periods of acclimation to experimental conditions and precludes vital long-term studies. Here we summarize the current status of culture methodology to provide a comprehensive basis for future experimental work and culture system development. C1 [Howes, Ella L.; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre] Univ Paris 06, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Howes, Ella L.; Bijma, Jelle] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Bednarsek, Nina] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Buedenbender, Jan; Lischka, Silke] Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Geomar, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Comeau, Steeve] Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Biol, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Doubleday, Ayla; Hopcroft, Russell R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Gallager, Scott M.; Maas, Amy E.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Gattuso, Jean-Pierre] CNRS, INSU, UMR 7093, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. RP Howes, EL (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. EM ella.howes@awi.de RI Gattuso, Jean-Pierre/E-6631-2010; OI Gattuso, Jean-Pierre/0000-0002-4533-4114; Bijma, Jelle/0000-0003-4371-1438 FU European Union [265103]; The Office of Naval Research; Alaska SeaGrant [R/101-08] FX The European Union, Framework 7 "Mediterranean Sea Acidification under a changing climate" project (MedSeA; grant agreement 265103), The Office of Naval Research and Alaska SeaGrant for funding under Project R/101-08. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 32 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 EI 1464-3774 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2014 VL 36 IS 2 BP 299 EP 315 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbu002 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AH9UP UT WOS:000336489800001 ER PT J AU Winter, A Henderiks, J Beaufort, L Rickaby, REM Brown, CW AF Winter, Amos Henderiks, Jorijntje Beaufort, Luc Rickaby, Rosalind E. M. Brown, Christopher W. TI Poleward expansion of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coccolithophores; biogeography; poles; geochemical cycling ID SEA-SURFACE DISTRIBUTION; LATE AUSTRAL SUMMER; OCEAN CARBON-CYCLE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; NORTH-ATLANTIC; BERING-SEA; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; SATELLITE IMAGERY; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GLOBAL OCEAN AB Coccolithophores are one of the most abundant eukaryotic phytoplankton in the oceans and are distinguished by their ability to build calcitic platelets (coccoliths). Of the numerous species, Emiliania huxleyi is considered one of the major calcifiers in the pelagic ocean. There is growing concern that increasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere and the subsequent acidification of the ocean may disrupt the production of coccoliths. Furthermore, any change in the global distribution and abundance of E. huxleyi relative to non-calcifying groups of phytoplankton (e. g. diatoms) will have important effects on the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and climatic feedbacks. We review different lines of evidence that suggest E. huxleyi is increasingly expanding its range into the polar oceans. These observations contribute to the debate on the climatic effects on natural coccolithophore populations. We postulate that E. huxleyi may be more sensitive to recent environmental changes such as increasing sea surface temperature and salinity than to changing ocean carbonate chemistry, partly because increased availability of CO2(aq) likely alleviates a carbon limitation for the inefficient Rubisco enzyme in these algae. Any potentially important climatic feedbacks of coccolithophores need a better knowledge of the mechanisms and rates of adaptation by natural populations. As more data and modelling work become available, the real significance of this poleward expansion will become clear. C1 [Winter, Amos] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Henderiks, Jorijntje] Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. [Beaufort, Luc] Univ Aix Marseille, CEREGE, CNRS, IRD, F-13545 Aix En Provence, France. [Rickaby, Rosalind E. M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. [Brown, Christopher W.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Winter, A (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, POB 9013, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM amos.winter@upr.edu RI Brown, Christopher/B-8213-2008 OI Brown, Christopher/0000-0002-9905-6391 FU Swedish Research Council (VR); Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-12-B06-0007]; ERC; Philip Leverhulme Trust; Center for Satellite Applications and Research of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX A.W. thanks the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology for hosting his sabbatical. J.H. acknowledges financial support from the Swedish Research Council (VR) and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. L. B. received financial support from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche under project ANR-12-B06-0007. R. R. is grateful to the ERC and the Philip Leverhulme Trust for financial support. C. B. was supported financially by the Center for Satellite Applications and Research of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 76 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 48 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 EI 1464-3774 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2014 VL 36 IS 2 BP 316 EP 325 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbt110 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AH9UP UT WOS:000336489800002 ER PT J AU Gilmanov, TG Baker, JM Bernacchi, CJ Billesbach, DP Burba, GG Castro, S Chen, J Eugster, W Fischer, ML Gamon, JA Gebremedhin, MT Glenn, AJ GriffiS, TJ Hatfield, JL Heuer, MW Howard, DM Leclerc, MY Loescher, HW Marloie, O Meyers, TP Olioso, A Phillips, RL Prueger, JH Skinner, RH Suyker, AE Tenuta, M Wylie, BK AF Gilmanov, Tagir G. Baker, John M. Bernacchi, Carl J. Billesbach, David P. Burba, George G. Castro, Saulo Chen, Jiquan Eugster, Werner Fischer, Marc L. Gamon, John A. Gebremedhin, Maheteme T. Glenn, Aaron J. Griffis, Timothy J. Hatfield, Jerry L. Heuer, Mark W. Howard, Daniel M. Leclerc, Monique Y. Loescher, Henry W. Marloie, Oliver Meyers, Tilden P. Olioso, Albert Phillips, Rebecca L. Prueger, John H. Skinner, R. Howard Suyker, Andrew E. Tenuta, Mario Wylie, Bruce K. TI Productivity and Carbon Dioxide Exchange of Leguminous Crops: Estimates from Flux Tower Measurements SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; LIGHT-RESPONSE PARAMETERS; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; EDDY COVARIANCE; SOYBEAN CANOPY; ENERGY-BALANCE; UNITED-STATES; CO2 FLUX; RESPIRATION AB Net CO2 exchange data of legume crops at 17 flux tower sites in North America and three sites in Europe representing 29 site-years of measurements were partitioned into gross photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration by using the nonrectangular hyperbolic light-response function method. The analyses produced net CO2 exchange data and new ecosystem-scale ecophysiological parameter estimates for legume crops determined at diurnal and weekly time steps. Dynamics and annual totals of gross photosynthesis, ecosystem respiration, and net ecosystem production were calculated by gap filling with multivariate nonlinear regression. Comparison with the data from grain crops obtained with the same method demonstrated that CO2 exchange rates and ecophysiological parameters of legumes were lower than those of maize (Zea mays L.) but higher than for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops. Year-round annual legume crops demonstrated a broad range of net ecosystem production, from sinks of 760 g CO2 m(-2) yr(-1) to sources of -2100 g CO2 m(-2) yr(-1), with an average of -330 g CO2 m(-2) yr(-1), indicating overall moderate CO2-source activity related to a shorter period of photosynthetic uptake and metabolic costs of N-2 fixation. Perennial legumes (alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.) were strong sinks for atmospheric CO2, with an average net ecosystem production of 980 (range 550-1200) g CO2 m(-2) yr(-1). C1 [Gilmanov, Tagir G.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Baker, John M.] Univ Minnesota, USDA, Soil & Water Management Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Baker, John M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bernacchi, Carl J.] Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Photosynthesis Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bernacchi, Carl J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Billesbach, David P.] Univ Nebraska, Biol Syst Engn Dept, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Burba, George G.] LI COR Biosci, Lincoln, NE 68504 USA. [Castro, Saulo; Gamon, John A.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Castro, Saulo; Gamon, John A.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Chen, Jiquan] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Eugster, Werner] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Agr Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Gebremedhin, Maheteme T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Sustainable Energy Syst Grp, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gebremedhin, Maheteme T.] Alliance Inc, Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Glenn, Aaron J.] Agr & Food Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Brandon, MB R7A 5Y3, Canada. [Griffis, Timothy J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, CoDGS Land & Atmospher Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hatfield, Jerry L.; Prueger, John H.] Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Heuer, Mark W.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Howard, Daniel M.] US Geol Survey, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Leclerc, Monique Y.] Univ Georgia, Lab Environm Phys, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Loescher, Henry W.] Natl Ecol Observ Network Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Loescher, Henry W.] Univ Colorado, Inst Alpine & Arctic Res, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Marloie, Oliver] INRA, URFM UR 629, F-84914 Avignon 9, France. [Meyers, Tilden P.] NOAA, ATDD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Olioso, Albert] INRA, EMMAH UMR1114, F-84914 Avignon 9, France. [Phillips, Rebecca L.] Massey Univ, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. [Skinner, R. Howard] ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Suyker, Andrew E.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Tenuta, Mario] Univ Manitoba, Dept Soil Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Wylie, Bruce K.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Gilmanov, TG (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM grc1997@me.com RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014; Griffis, Timothy/A-5707-2011; Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; Phillips, Rebecca/G-6175-2015; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Eugster, Werner/E-5116-2010; Burba, George/G-9991-2014; Gamon, John/A-2641-2014; OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Phillips, Rebecca/0000-0003-3881-9065; Eugster, Werner/0000-0001-6067-0741; Burba, George/0000-0003-2095-0057; Olioso, Albert/0000-0001-8342-9272; Gamon, John/0000-0002-8269-7723; Howard, Daniel/0000-0002-7563-7538 FU USDOE, Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program [DE-FG02-04ER63917, DE-FG02-04ER63911]; CarboEuropeIP; Fluxnet-Canada; CFCAS; NSERC; BIOCAP; Environment Canada; NRCan; Canadian Foundation for Innovation; iCORE (Alberta Innovates Technology Futures); USGS Land Change Science Program; USDA-ARS; National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE; CARBOFRANCE project funded by the European FP7 Program [GOCECT-2003-505572]; French Ministry in charge of Environment (GICC programme); USDOE, Office of Science [DE-FCO2-07ER64494]; Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-ACO5-76RL01830]; Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-ACO5-76RL01830]; NSF LTER Program [DEB 1027253]; MSU AgBioResearch FX This work used eddy covariance data acquired by the FLUXNET community and in particular by the following networks: AmeriFlux (USDOE, Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program [DE-FG02-04ER63917 and DE-FG02-04ER63911]), CarboEuropeIP, Fluxnet-Canada (supported by CFCAS, NSERC, BIOCAP, Environment Canada, and NRCan), Canadian Foundation for Innovation, iCORE (Alberta Innovates Technology Futures) and NSERC. The USGS Land Change Science Program funded flux partitioning and analysis as well as remote sensing components of the work. We acknowledge the financial support to the eddy covariance data harmonization provided by the USDA-ARS, CarboEuropeIP, the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the USDOE and the database development and technical support from Berkeley Water Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., Microsoft Research eScience, Oak Ridge National Lab., Univ. of California-Berkeley, CARBOEUROPE-IP and the CARBOFRANCE project funded by the European FP7 Program (GOCECT-2003-505572) and the French Ministry in charge of Environment (GICC programme). Financial support was also provided by the USDOE, Office of Science (DE-FCO2-07ER64494) and Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (DE-ACO5-76RL01830), the NSF LTER Program (DEB 1027253), and MSU AgBioResearch. The data for the southeastern plains was provided by the Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University, Winfred Thomas Agricultural Research Station. Henry W. Loescher acknowledges the NSF (EF-102980) for their ongoing support. This article has been peer reviewed and approved for publication consistent with USGS Fundamental Science Practices (http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1367/); opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of the other support agencies. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 43 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2014 VL 106 IS 2 BP 545 EP 559 DI 10.2134/agronj2013.0270 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AH3SM UT WOS:000336045700024 ER PT J AU Rappaport, EN AF Rappaport, Edward N. TI Fatalities in the United States from Atlantic Tropical Cyclones SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-HURRICANE-CENTER; LIFE C1 [Rappaport, Edward N.] Natl Hurricane Ctr, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Miami, FL 33165 USA. RP Rappaport, EN (reprint author), Natl Hurricane Ctr, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA. EM edward.n.rappaport@noaa.gov NR 7 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 95 IS 3 BP 341 EP 346 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00074.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AG1TE UT WOS:000335198200002 ER PT J AU Mechoso, CR Wood, R Weller, R Bretherton, CS Clarke, AD Coe, H Fairall, C Farrar, JT Feingold, G Garreaud, R Grados, C McWilliams, J de Szoeke, SP Yuter, SE Zuidema, P AF Mechoso, C. R. Wood, R. Weller, R. Bretherton, C. S. Clarke, A. D. Coe, H. Fairall, C. Farrar, J. T. Feingold, G. Garreaud, R. Grados, C. McWilliams, J. de Szoeke, S. P. Yuter, S. E. Zuidema, P. TI OCEAN-CLOUD-ATMOSPHERELAND INTERACTIONS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN PACIFIC SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review ID MESOSCALE CELLULAR CONVECTION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; BOUNDARY-LAYER STRUCTURE; SOUTH-EAST PACIFIC; LIQUID WATER PATH; VOCALS-REX; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; COUPLED OCEAN; OPEN CELLS; TROPICAL PACIFIC AB The present paper describes the Variability of the American Monsoon Systems (VAMOS) Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study (VOCALS), an international research program focused on the improved understanding and modeling of the southeastern Pacific (SEP) climate system on diurnal to interannual time scales. In the framework of the SEP climate, VOCALS has two fundamental objectives: 1) improved simulations by coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (CGCMs), with an emphasis on reducing systematic errors in the region; and 2) improved estimates of the indirect effects of aerosols on low clouds and climate, with an emphasis on the more precise quantification of those effects. VOCALS major scientific activities are outlined, and selected achievements are highlighted. Activities described include monitoring in the region, a large international field campaign (the VOCALS Regional Experiment), and two model assessments. The program has already produced significant advances in the understanding of major issues in the SEP: the coastal circulation and the diurnal cycle, the ocean heat budget, factors controlling precipitation and formation of pockets of open cells in stratocumulus decks, aerosol impacts on clouds, and estimation of the first aerosol indirect effect. The paper concludes with a brief presentation on VOCALS contributions to community capacity building before a summary of scientific findings and remaining questions. C1 [Mechoso, C. R.; McWilliams, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. [Wood, R.; Bretherton, C. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Weller, R.; Farrar, J. T.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Clarke, A. D.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Coe, H.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Fairall, C.; Feingold, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Garreaud, R.] Univ Chile, Dept Geophys, Santiago, Chile. [Garreaud, R.] Univ Chile, Ctr Climate & Resilience Res, Santiago, Chile. [Grados, C.] Inst Mar Peru, Circuito Callao, Peru. [de Szoeke, S. P.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Yuter, S. E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Zuidema, P.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Mechoso, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 408 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. EM mechoso@atmos.ucla.edu RI Zuidema, Paquita/C-9659-2013; Farrar, John T./F-3532-2012; Yuter, Sandra/E-8808-2015; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Wood, Robert/A-2989-2008; Garreaud, Rene/I-6298-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Zuidema, Paquita/0000-0003-4719-372X; Farrar, John T./0000-0003-3495-1990; Yuter, Sandra/0000-0002-3222-053X; Wood, Robert/0000-0002-1401-3828; Garreaud, Rene/0000-0002-7875-2443; Coe, Hugh/0000-0002-3264-1713 NR 110 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 37 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 95 IS 3 BP 357 EP 375 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00246.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AG1TE UT WOS:000335198200004 ER PT J AU Vose, RS Applequist, S Bourassa, MKA Pryor, SC Barthelmie, RJ Blanton, B Bromirski, PD Brooks, HOE DeGaetano, AT Dole, RM Easterling, DR Jensen, RE Karl, TR Katz, RW Klink, K Kruk, MC Kunkel, KE MacCracken, MC Peterson, TSC Shein, K Thomas, BR Walsh, JE Wang, XLL Wehner, MF Wuebbles, DJ Young, RS AF Vose, Russell S. Applequist, Scott Bourassa, Mar K. A. Pryor, Sara C. Barthelmie, Rebecca J. Blanton, Brian Bromirski, Peter D. Brooks, Harold E. DeGaetano, Arthur T. Dole, Randall M. Easterling, David R. Jensen, Robert E. Karl, Thomas R. Katz, Richard W. Klink, Katherine Kruk, Michael C. Kunkel, Kenneth E. MacCracken, Michael C. Peterson, Thoma S. C. Shein, Karsten Thomas, Bridget R. Walsh, John E. Wang, Xiaolan L. Wehner, Michael F. Wuebbles, Donald J. Young, Robert S. TI MONITORING AND UNDERSTANDING CHANGES IN EXTREMES SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY; US EAST-COAST; WAVE HEIGHTS; WIND-SPEED; CLIMATE CONTROLS; GLOBAL TRENDS; UNITED-STATES; REANALYSIS; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION AB This scientific assessment examines changes in three climate extremesextratropical storms, winds, and waveswith an emphasis on U.S. coastal regions during the cold season. There is moderate evidence of an increase in both extratropical storm frequency and intensity during the cold season in the Northern Hemisphere since 1950, with suggestive evidence of geographic shifts resulting in slight upward trends in offshore/coastal regions. There is also suggestive evidence of an increase in extreme winds (at least annually) over parts of the ocean since the early to mid-1980s, but the evidence over the U.S. land surface is inconclusive. Finally, there is moderate evidence of an increase in extreme waves in winter along the Pacific coast since the 1950s, but along other U.S. shorelines any tendencies are of modest magnitude compared with historical variability. The data for extratropical cyclones are considered to be of relatively high quality for trend detection, whereas the data for extreme winds and waves are judged to be of intermediate quality. In terms of physical causes leading to multidecadal changes, the level of understanding for both extratropical storms and extreme winds is considered to be relatively low, while that for extreme waves is judged to be intermediate. Since the ability to measure these changes with some confidence is relatively recent, understanding is expected to improve in the future for a variety of reasons, including increased periods of record and the development of climate reanalysis projects. C1 [Vose, Russell S.; Applequist, Scott; Easterling, David R.; Karl, Thomas R.; Peterson, Thoma S. C.; Shein, Karsten] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Bourassa, Mar K. A.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmosphere Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Barthelmie, Rebecca J.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Blanton, Brian] Renaissance Comp Inst, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Bromirski, Peter D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Brooks, Harold E.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [DeGaetano, Arthur T.] Cornell Univ, Northeast Reg Climate Ctr, Ithaca, NY USA. [Dole, Randall M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Jensen, Robert E.] US Army Corps Engn, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Katz, Richard W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Klink, Katherine] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geog, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Kruk, Michael C.] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Asheville, NC USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. [MacCracken, Michael C.] Climate Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Thomas, Bridget R.; Wang, Xiaolan L.] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Dartmouth, NS, Canada. [Walsh, John E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Wehner, Michael F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wuebbles, Donald J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL USA. [Young, Robert S.] Western Carolina Univ, Dept Geosci & Nat Resources, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. RP Vose, RS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM russell.vose@noaa.gov RI Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015; Katz, Richard/K-4133-2012; OI Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047; Katz, Richard/0000-0002-0267-8953; Barthelmie, Rebecca J/0000-0003-0403-6046; Klink, Katherine/0000-0002-0377-2378 NR 54 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 7 U2 39 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 95 IS 3 BP 377 EP 386 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00162.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AG1TE UT WOS:000335198200005 ER PT J AU DeMaria, M Sampson, CR Knaff, JA Musgrave, KD AF DeMaria, Mark Sampson, Charles R. Knaff, John A. Musgrave, Kate D. TI IS TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY GUIDANCE IMPROVING? SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; PREDICTION SCHEME; SYSTEM; PERFORMANCE; FORECASTS AB The mean absolute error of the official tropical cyclone (TC) intensity forecasts from the National Hurricane Center (NHC) and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) shows limited evidence of improvement over the past two decades. This result has sometimes erroneously been used to conclude that little or no progress has been made in the TC intensity guidance models. This article documents statistically significant improvements in operational TC intensity guidance over the past 24 years (1989-2012) in four tropical cyclone basins (Atlantic, eastern North Pacific, western North Pacific, and Southern Hemisphere). Errors from the best available model have decreased at 1%-2% yr(-1) at 24-72 h, with faster improvement rates at 96 and 120 h. Although these rates are only about one-third to one-half of the rates of reduction of the track forecast models, most are statistically significant at the 95% level. These error reductions resulted from improvements in statistical-dynamical intensity models and consensus techniques that combine information from statistical-dynamical and dynamical models. The reason that the official NHC and JTWC intensity forecast errors have decreased slower than the guidance errors is because in the first half of the analyzed period, their subjective forecasts were more accurate than any of the available guidance. It is only in the last decade that the objective intensity guidance has become accurate enough to influence the NHC and JTWC forecast errors. C1 [DeMaria, Mark; Knaff, John A.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Sampson, Charles R.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Musgrave, Kate D.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP DeMaria, M (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, 1375 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM mark.demaria@noaa.gov RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409 FU Office of Naval Research; NOAA HFIP FX The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. We acknowledge the Joint Typhoon Warning Center and the National Hurricane Center for their tireless efforts to construct and support the archived data used in this study. We also acknowledge the support of the Office of Naval Research and the NOAA HFIP for funding this and other efforts to improve tropical cyclone intensity forecasting. The authors also thank Chris Landsea and two anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments that improved this paper. NR 23 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 95 IS 3 BP 387 EP 398 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00240.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AG1TE UT WOS:000335198200006 ER PT J AU Broxton, P Troch, PA Schaffner, M Unkrich, C Goodrich, D AF Broxton, Patrick Troch, Peter A. Schaffner, Mike Unkrich, Carl Goodrich, David TI AN ALL-SEASON FLASH FLOOD FORECASTING SYSTEM FOR REAL-TIME OPERATIONS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HUMID HEADWATER CATCHMENTS; STORM RUNOFF GENERATION; MEAN-FIELD BIAS; RAIN-ON-SNOW; RADAR-RAINFALL; UNITED-STATES; SMALL-BASIN; MODEL; MOISTURE; WATER AB Flash floods can cause extensive damage to both life and property, especially because they are difficult to predict. Flash flood prediction requires high-resolution meteorological observations and predictions, as well as calibrated hydrological models, which should effectively simulate how a catchment filters rainfall inputs into streamflow. Furthermore, because of the requirement of both hydrological and meteorological components in flash flood forecasting systems, there must be extensive data handling capabilities built in to force the hydrological model with a variety of available hydrometeorological data and predictions, as well as to test the model with hydrological observations. The authors have developed a working prototype of such a system, called KINEROS/hsB-SM, after the hydrological models that are used: the Kinematic Erosion and Runoff (KINEROS) and hillslope-storage Boussinesq Soil Moisture (hsB-SM) models. KINEROS is an event-based overland flow and channel routing model that is designed to simulate flash floods in semiarid regions where infiltration excess overland flow dominates, while hsB-SM is a continuous subsurface flow model, whose model physics are applicable in humid regions where saturation excess overland flow is most important. In addition, KINEROS/hsB-SM includes an energy balance snowmelt model, which gives it the ability to simulate flash floods that involve rain on snow. There are also extensive algorithms to incorporate high-resolution hydrometeorological data, including stage III radar data (5 min, 1 degrees by 1 km), to assist in the calibration of the models, and to run the model in real time. The model is currently being used in an experimental fashion at the National Weather Service Binghamton, New York, Weather Forecast Office. C1 [Broxton, Patrick; Troch, Peter A.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Schaffner, Mike] Natl Weather Serv, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Unkrich, Carl; Goodrich, David] ARS, USDA, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Broxton, P (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Room 542,1118 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM broxtopd@email.arizona.edu FU Cooperative Program for Operational Meteorology, Education, and Training (COMET) [S09-75794]; Department of Energy [DE-SC0006773] FX This research was made possible by a Cooperative Program for Operational Meteorology, Education, and Training (COMET) grant to couple KINEROS and hsB-SM (S09-75794), as well as financial support during the preparation of this manuscript from a Department of Energy research grant involving the use of hsB in a high-resolution hybrid 3D hydrological model for the NCAR Community Earth System Model (DE-SC0006773). The authors would also like to thank Gustavo A. Carrillo Soto for his knowledge and expertise regarding hsB-SM, as well as others who contributed advice and computer codes used in the model. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 95 IS 3 BP 399 EP 407 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00212.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AG1TE UT WOS:000335198200007 ER PT J AU Dole, R Hoerling, M Kumar, A Eischeid, J Perlwitz, J Quan, XW Kiladis, G Webb, R Murray, D Chen, MY Wolter, K Zhang, T AF Dole, Randall Hoerling, Martin Kumar, Arun Eischeid, Jon Perlwitz, Judith Quan, Xiao-Wei Kiladis, George Webb, Robert Murray, Donald Chen, Mingyue Wolter, Klaus Zhang, Tao TI THE MAKING OF AN EXTREME EVENT SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STATIONARY WAVES; CLIMATE; OSCILLATION; PROPAGATION; PREDICTION; IMPACTS; WEATHER AB We examine how physical factors spanning climate and weather contributed to record warmth over the central and eastern United States in March 2012, when daily temperature anomalies at many locations exceeded 20 degrees C. Over this region, approximately 1 degrees C warming in March temperatures has occurred since 1901. This long-term regional warming is an order of magnitude smaller than temperature anomalies observed during the event, indicating that most of the extreme warmth must be explained by other factors. Several lines of evidence strongly implicate natural variations as the primary cause for the extreme event. The 2012 temperature anomalies had a close analog in an exceptionally warm U.S. March occurring over 100 years earlier, providing observational evidence that an extreme event similar to March 2012 could be produced through natural variability alone. Coupled model forecasts and simulations forced by observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) show that forcing from anomalous SSTs increased the probability of extreme warm temperatures in March 2012 above that anticipated from the long-term warming trend. In addition, forcing associated with a strong Madden-Julian oscillation further increased the probability for extreme U.S. warmth and provided important additional predictive information on the timing and spatial pattern of temperature anomalies. The results indicate that the superposition of a strong natural variation similar to March 1910 on longterm warming of the magnitude observed would be sufficient to account for the record warm March 2012 U.S. temperatures. We conclude that the extreme warmth over the central and eastern United States in March 2012 resulted primarily from natural climate and weather variability a substantial fraction of which was predictable. C1 [Dole, Randall; Hoerling, Martin; Eischeid, Jon; Perlwitz, Judith; Quan, Xiao-Wei; Kiladis, George; Webb, Robert; Murray, Donald; Wolter, Klaus; Zhang, Tao] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kumar, Arun; Chen, Mingyue] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Eischeid, Jon; Perlwitz, Judith; Quan, Xiao-Wei; Murray, Donald; Wolter, Klaus; Zhang, Tao] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hoerling, M (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM martin.hoerling@noaa.gov RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008; Wolter, Klaus/D-5988-2015 OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442; FU NOAA's Climate Program Office FX The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. This study was supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 95 IS 3 BP 427 EP 440 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00069.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AG1TE UT WOS:000335198200009 ER PT J AU Rossow, W AF Rossow, William TI CLOUDS IN WEATHER AND CLIMATE SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Rossow, William] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Rossow, W (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST, Steinman Hall,T-107,140th St & Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM wbrossow@ccny.cuny.edu RI Rossow, William/F-3138-2015 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 95 IS 3 BP 441 EP 443 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00138.1 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AG1TE UT WOS:000335198200010 ER PT J AU Juang, HMH Chen, SC Hong, S Kanamaru, H Reichler, T Enomoto, T Putrasahan, D Anderson, BT Gershunov, S Li, HQ Yoshimura, K Buenning, N Boomer, D AF Juang, Hann-Ming Henry Chen, Shyh-Chin Hong, Songyou Kanamaru, Hideki Reichler, Thomas Enomoto, Takeshi Putrasahan, Dian Anderson, Bruce T. Gershunov, Sasha Li, Haiqin Yoshimura, Kei Buenning, Nikolaus Boomer, Diane TI REGIONAL SPECTRAL MODEL WORKSHOP IN MEMORY OF JOHN ROADS AND MASAO KANAMITSU SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Juang, Hann-Ming Henry] NOAA, DOC, NWS, NCEP,EMC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Chen, Shyh-Chin] US Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. [Hong, Songyou] Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Kanamaru, Hideki] Food & Agr Org United Nat, Rome, Italy. [Reichler, Thomas] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Enomoto, Takeshi] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto, Japan. [Putrasahan, Dian] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Anderson, Bruce T.] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Gershunov, Sasha; Boomer, Diane] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Li, Haiqin] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Yoshimura, Kei] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Chiba, Japan. [Buenning, Nikolaus] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Juang, HMH (reprint author), NOAA, DOC, NWS, NCEP,EMC, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM henry.juang@noaa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 95 IS 3 BP ES61 EP ES65 DI 10.1175/BAMS-13-00124.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AG1TE UT WOS:000335198200001 ER PT J AU Ryzhkov, A Diederich, M Zhang, PF Simmer, C AF Ryzhkov, Alexander Diederich, Malte Zhang, Pengfei Simmer, Clemens TI Potential Utilization of Specific Attenuation for Rainfall Estimation, Mitigation of Partial Beam Blockage, and Radar Networking SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Radars; Radar observations ID POLARIMETRIC WEATHER RADAR; C-BAND RADAR; DIFFERENTIAL REFLECTIVITY; SINGLE-FREQUENCY; SPACEBORNE RADAR; ALGORITHM; DISDROMETER; AIRBORNE; QUALITY; PHASE AB The potential utilization of specific attenuation A for rainfall estimation, mitigation of partial beam blockage, and radar networking is investigated. The R(A) relation is less susceptible to the variability of drop size distributions than traditional rainfall algorithms based on radar reflectivity Z, differential reflectivity Z(DR), and specific differential phase K-DP in a wide range of rain intensity. Specific attenuation is estimated from the radial profile of the measured Z and the total span of the differential phase using the ZPHI method. Since the estimated A is immune to reflectivity biases caused by radar miscalibration, attenuation, partial beam blockage, and wet radomes, rain retrieval from R(A) is also immune to the listed factors. The R(A) method was tested at X band using data collected by closely located radars in Germany and at S band for polarimetrically upgraded Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) radars in the United States. It is demonstrated that the two adjacent X-band radarsone of which is miscalibrated and another which is affected by partial beam blockageproduce almost indistinguishable fields of rain rate. It is also shown that the R(A) method yields robust estimates of rain rates and rain totals at S band, where specific attenuation is vanishingly small. The X- and S-band estimates of rainfall obtained from R(A) are in good agreement with gauges. C1 [Ryzhkov, Alexander; Zhang, Pengfei] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Ryzhkov, Alexander; Zhang, Pengfei] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Diederich, Malte; Simmer, Clemens] Univ Bonn, Inst Meteorol, Bonn, Germany. RP Ryzhkov, A (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Natl Weather Ctr, CIMMS, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM alexander.ryzhkov@noaa.gov RI Simmer, Clemens/M-4949-2013 OI Simmer, Clemens/0000-0003-3001-8642 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce; U.S. National Weather Service, Federal Aviation Administration; U.S. Department of Defense; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) of the Collaborative Research Center TR32; OASE branch of the Hans-Ertel-Zentrum fur Wetterforschung (HErZ); Julich polarimetric X-band radar by the TERENO program of the Helmholtz Association FX Funding for the study was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce, and by the U.S. National Weather Service, Federal Aviation Administration, and U.S. Department of Defense program for modernization of NEXRAD radars. Funding for the study was also provided by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) in the framework of the Collaborative Research Center TR32, and by the OASE branch of the Hans-Ertel-Zentrum fur Wetterforschung (HErZ). We also acknowledge funding of the Julich polarimetric X-band radar by the TERENO program of the Helmholtz Association. Our special thanks are extended to Dr. David Hudak from Environment Canada for providing the King City C-band radar data. NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 31 IS 3 BP 599 EP 619 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00038.1 PG 21 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH6EF UT WOS:000336222800003 ER PT J AU Lillibridge, J Scharroo, R Abdalla, S Vandemark, D AF Lillibridge, John Scharroo, Remko Abdalla, Saleh Vandemark, Doug TI One- and Two-Dimensional Wind Speed Models for Ka-Band Altimetry SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Waves; oceanic; Wind; Algorithms; Altimetry; Satellite observations ID MEAN-SQUARE SLOPE; RADAR BACKSCATTER; ALGORITHM AB SARALthe Satellite with ARgos and ALtiKais the first satellite radar altimetry mission to fly a Ka-band instrument (AltiKa). Ocean backscatter measurements in the Ka band suffer larger signal attenuation due to water vapor and atmospheric liquid water than those from Ku-band altimeters. An attenuation algorithm is provided, based on radar propagation theory, which is a function of atmospheric pressure, temperature, water vapor, and liquid water content. Because of the nature of the air-sea interactions between wind and surface gravity waves, the shorter wavelength Ka-band backscatter exhibits a different relationship with wind speed than at Ku band, particularly at moderate to high wind speeds. This paper presents a new one-dimensional wind speed model, as a function of backscatter only, and a two-dimensional model, as a function of backscatter and significant wave height, tuned to AltiKa's backscatter measurements. The performance of these new Ka-band altimeter wind speed models is assessed through validation with independent ocean buoy wind speeds. The results indicate wind measurement accuracy comparable to that observed at Ku band with only slightly elevated noise in the wind estimates. C1 [Lillibridge, John] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Scharroo, Remko] European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites, Darmstadt, Germany. [Abdalla, Saleh] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasting, Reading, Berks, England. [Vandemark, Doug] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Lillibridge, J (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, E RA31,5830 Univ Res Ct 5344, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM john.lillibridge@noaa.gov RI Lillibridge, John/F-5606-2010 OI Lillibridge, John/0000-0001-9102-171X NR 16 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 31 IS 3 BP 630 EP 638 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00167.1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH6EF UT WOS:000336222800005 ER PT J AU Paine, SN Turner, DD Kuchler, N AF Paine, Scott N. Turner, David D. Kuechler, Nils TI Understanding Thermal Drift in Liquid Nitrogen Loads Used for Radiometric Calibration in the Field SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Instrumentation; sensors; Microwave observations; Profilers; atmospheric; Remote sensing ID PHASES; WATER AB An absorbing load in a liquid nitrogen bath is commonly used as a radiance standard for calibrating radiometers operating at microwave to infrared wavelengths. It is generally assumed that the physical temperature of the load is stable and equal to the boiling point temperature of pure N-2 at the ambient atmospheric pressure. However, this assumption will fail to hold when air movement, as encountered in outdoor environments, allows O-2 gas to condense into the bath. Under typical conditions, initial boiling point drift rates of order 25 mK min(-1) can occur, and the boiling point of a bath maintained by repeated refilling with pure N-2 can eventually shift by approximately 2 K. Laboratory bench tests of a liquid nitrogen bath under simulated wind conditions are presented together with an example of an outdoor radiometer calibration that demonstrates the effect, and the physical processes involved are explained in detail. A key finding is that in windy conditions, changes in O-2 volume fraction are related accurately to fractional changes in bath volume due to boiloff, independent of wind speed. This relation can be exploited to ensure that calibration errors due to O-2 contamination remain within predictable bounds. C1 [Paine, Scott N.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Kuechler, Nils] Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, Cologne, Germany. RP Paine, SN (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St,MS 78, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM spaine@cfa.harvard.edu OI Paine, Scott/0000-0003-4622-5857 FU TransRegio32 project FX We thank Drs. Susanne Crewell, Ulrich Lohnert, Gerrit Maschwitz, and Thomas Rose for helpful discussions regarding this work, and R. Haseneder-Lind for assistance with the field experiments. This study was partly funded by the TransRegio32 project, which also provided travel support for DDT to visit the University of Cologne. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 31 IS 3 BP 647 EP 655 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00171.1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH6EF UT WOS:000336222800007 ER PT J AU Garrett, JH Palmer, ME Demir, S AF Garrett, James H., Jr. Palmer, Mark E. Demir, Salih TI Delivering the Infrastructure for Digital Building Regulations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Garrett, James H., Jr.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Coll Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Garrett, James H., Jr.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Palmer, Mark E.] NIST, Proc Engn Grp, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Demir, Salih] TEC Co, Istanbul, Turkey. RP Garrett, JH (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Coll Engn, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM garrett@cmu.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-3801 EI 1943-5487 J9 J COMPUT CIVIL ENG JI J. Comput. Civil. Eng. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 2 BP 167 EP 169 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000369 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA AC6TL UT WOS:000332657800001 ER PT J AU Jackson, DL Wick, GA AF Jackson, Darren L. Wick, Gary A. TI Propagation of uncertainty analysis of CO2 transfer velocities derived from the COARE gas transfer model using satellite inputs SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE uncertainty; gas; transfer; velocity ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; AIR-TEMPERATURE; WIND-SPEED; EXCHANGE; RETRIEVAL; OCEAN AB A propagation of uncertainty method is developed to describe gas transfer uncertainties for carbon dioxide (CO2) using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment (NOAA-COARE) gas transfer model (COAREG). The uncertainty model assesses the impact uncertainties in satellite inputs to COAREG have on the resulting carbon dioxide gas transfer velocities. The model impact of 10 m temperature, 10 m specific humidity, 10 m wind speed, sea surface temperature, longwave and shortwave downward surface flux are investigated. Nine years of gas transfer velocities and their uncertainties were constructed and analyzed. The climatological mean transfer velocities were found to have standard errors of less than 15%. Spatial and temporal variations of the uncertainties from these inputs are presented and the percentage variance explained for each input was dominated by uncertainties in wind speed. Uncertainty due to the covariance between air temperature and wind speed and the uncertainties in the 10 m air temperature at low wind speed conditions were found to be significant. Additionally, the likelihood air temperature uncertainties affect the gas transfer uncertainty is greatest in regions where air temperature exceeds sea surface temperature. Buoyancy-driven transfer in COAREG increases gas transfer velocities uncertainties under these conditions. These conditions most typically occur in regions along the equatorial cold tongue region east of South America and in the North Pacific and North Atlantic. Key Points CO2 gas transfer uncertainties determined for COAREG using satellite inputs Uncertainty in satellite-derived wind speed is dominate factor in gas transfer Ta uncertainty can affect gas transfer uncertainty at low wind speeds C1 [Jackson, Darren L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jackson, Darren L.; Wick, Gary A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Jackson, DL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Darren.L.Jackson@noaa.gov RI Jackson, Darren/D-5506-2015 OI Jackson, Darren/0000-0001-5211-7866 FU NASA [NNH08AH27I] FX We would like to thank James B. Edson for providing SO GasEx covariance-derived observations and Wade McGillis and James B. Edson for the GasEx-98 covariance-derived data. We would also like to thank Chris Fairall for providing the NOAA-COARE gas transfer and turbulent heat flux models. SSM/I wind speed data were produced by Remote Sensing Systems and sponsored by the NASA Earth Science MEaSUREs DISCOVER Project. Radiation data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Sciences Data Center NASA/GEWEX SRB Project. Data are available at www.remss.com. This project was funded by NASA grant NNH08AH27I. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR PY 2014 VL 119 IS 3 BP 1828 EP 1842 DI 10.1002/2013JC009271 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AE2PT UT WOS:000333816100018 ER PT J AU Runov, A Sergeev, VA Angelopoulos, V Glassmeier, KH Singer, HJ AF Runov, A. Sergeev, V. A. Angelopoulos, V. Glassmeier, K. -H. Singer, H. J. TI Diamagnetic oscillations ahead of stopped dipolarization fronts SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMPRESSIONAL ULF WAVES; SUBSTORM CURRENT WEDGE; CENTRAL PLASMA SHEET; OUTER MAGNETOSPHERE; PI2 PULSATIONS; FLOW BURSTS; THEMIS; MAGNETOTAIL; EVENT; CONFIGURATION AB It is well established that fast flows in the magnetotail plasma sheet which are separated from the ambient plasma by dipolarization fronts brake in the tail-dipole transition region. Flow/front braking is suggested to play an important role in generation of compressional waves in the inner magnetosphere and geomagnetic pulsations. Because of the paucity of multipoint observations in the tail-dipole transition region, however, details of wave generation during flow/front braking are unknown. Using comprehensive coverage of the near-Earth plasma sheet and geostationary orbit by six spacecraft, we explore the relationship between dipolarization fronts that propagated earthward at x = -11 to -9 R-E and stopped at x = -9 to -8 R-E and compressional oscillations observed at x approximate to -8 R-E. The oscillations, which were diamagnetic (i.e., exhibited antiphase variations in magnetic and plasma pressures), were observed about a minute prior to front detection. The amplitude of the magnetic oscillations at -8 R-E was similar to 5 nT; the wavelength was similar to 0.5 R-E. Enhancements of magnetic oscillations with different frequencies and amplitudes of 1 to 2 and 2 to 4 nT were detected at geosynchronous orbit and on the ground, respectively. Analysis of observations reveals that although the fast flow/front stopped a few R-E beyond geosynchronous orbit, the plasma compression propagated farther inward and excited compressional diamagnetic oscillations in the tail-dipole transition region. C1 [Runov, A.; Angelopoulos, V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Sergeev, V. A.] St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Glassmeier, K. -H.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Runov, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM arunov@igpp.ucla.edu RI Sergeev, Victor/H-1173-2013 OI Sergeev, Victor/0000-0002-4569-9631 FU NASA [NAS5-0299, nnx13AF81G]; NSF [1044495]; German Ministry for Economy and Technology; German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR) [50 OC 0302] FX This work was supported by NASA grants NAS5-0299 and nnx13AF81G, and NSF grant 1044495. We acknowledge J.W. Bonnell and F. S. Mozer for use of EFI data; D. Larson and R. P. Lin for use of SST data; C. W. Carlson and J.P. McFadden for use of ESA data; and FGM data provided under the lead of the Technical University of Braunschweig and with financial support through the German Ministry for Economy and Technology and the German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR) under contract 50 OC 0302. We thank P. Cruce, C. Russell, and A. Flores for their help with software, and J. Hohl and E. Masongsong for their assistance in preparation and editing of this paper. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 119 IS 3 BP 1643 EP 1657 DI 10.1002/2013JA019384 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AH6CM UT WOS:000336218300021 ER PT J AU Wang, H Akmaev, RA Fang, TW Fuller-Rowell, TJ Wu, F Maruyama, N Iredell, MD AF Wang, H. Akmaev, R. A. Fang, T. -W. Fuller-Rowell, T. J. Wu, F. Maruyama, N. Iredell, M. D. TI First forecast of a sudden stratospheric warming with a coupled whole-atmosphere/ionosphere model IDEA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IONOSPHERIC ELECTRODYNAMICS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE AB We present the first "weather forecast" with a coupled whole-atmosphere/ionosphere model of Integrated Dynamics in Earth's Atmosphere (IDEA) for the January 2009 Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW). IDEA consists of the Whole Atmosphere Model and Global Ionosphere-Plasmasphere model. A 30 day forecast is performed using the IDEA model initialized at 0000 UT on 13 January 2009, 10 days prior to the peak of the SSW. IDEA successfully predicts both the time and amplitude of the peak warming in the polar cap. This is about 2 days earlier than the National Centers for Environmental Prediction operational Global Forecast System terrestrial weather model forecast. The forecast of the semidiurnal, westward propagating, zonal wave number 2 (SW2) tide in zonal wind also shows an increase in the amplitude and a phase shift to earlier hours in the equatorial dynamo region during and after the peak warming, before recovering to their prior values about 15 days later. The SW2 amplitude and phase changes are shown to be likely due to the stratospheric ozone and/or circulation changes. The daytime upward plasma drift and total electron content in the equatorial American sector show a clear shift to earlier hours and enhancement during and after the peak warming, before returning to their prior conditions. These ionospheric responses compare well with other observational studies. Therefore, the predicted ionospheric response to the January 2009 SSW can be largely explained in simple terms of the amplitude and phase changes of the SW2 zonal wind in the equatorial E region. C1 [Wang, H.; Fang, T. -W.; Fuller-Rowell, T. J.; Wu, F.; Maruyama, N.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wang, H.; Akmaev, R. A.; Fang, T. -W.; Fuller-Rowell, T. J.; Wu, F.; Maruyama, N.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Iredell, M. D.] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Houjun.Wang@noaa.gov FU NASA Heliophysics Theory Program; NASA LWS Strategic Capabilities; NOAA/SWPC IT support FX We thank the reviewers for their comments and suggestions which helped us clarify and extend our analyses and discussions. Funding for this work was provided by NASA Heliophysics Theory Program, NASA LWS Strategic Capabilities, and NOAA/SWPC IT support. Computational resources were provided by NOAA NCEP R&D high performance computing system and NCEP Central Computing System (CCS). NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 119 IS 3 BP 2079 EP 2089 DI 10.1002/2013JA019481 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AH6CM UT WOS:000336218300054 ER PT J AU Main, JA Sadek, F AF Main, Joseph A. Sadek, Fahim TI Modeling and Analysis of Single-Plate Shear Connections under Column Loss SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Buildings; Connections; Finite element method; Nonlinear analysis; Progressive collapse; Steel structures; Plates; Buildings; Connections; Finite-element method; Nonlinear analysis; Progressive collapse; Steel structures; Analysis and computation AB This paper presents a computational assessment of the behavior of single-plate shear (shear tab) connections in gravity frames under column-loss scenarios. Two-span beam assemblies without floor slabs are considered under push-down loading of the unsupported center column. Both detailed and reduced modeling approaches are used in the computational assessment, and comparisons with experimental data are presented to establish confidence in the models. The models are used to investigate the influence of factors such as end support conditions, span length, connection strength, and postultimate connection behavior on the collapse resistance of gravity framing systems. Rotational capacities of single-plate shear connections under column-loss scenarios are, in some cases, less than half the values based on seismic test data, owing to the axial extension imposed on the connections in addition to rotation. C1 [Main, Joseph A.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sadek, Fahim] NIST, Struct Grp, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Main, JA (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.main@nist.gov; fahim.sadek@nist.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 9 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 EI 1943-541X J9 J STRUCT ENG JI J. Struct. Eng. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 140 IS 3 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000866 PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA AC6YU UT WOS:000332673500020 ER PT J AU Ramsdell, JS Gulland, FM AF Ramsdell, John S. Gulland, Frances M. TI Domoic Acid Epileptic Disease SO MARINE DRUGS LA English DT Article DE epilepsy; rat; sea lion; aggression; olfactory; seizure; piriform cortex; amnesic shellfish poison; domoic acid ID CALIFORNIA SEA LIONS; TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; ANTERIOR OLFACTORY NUCLEUS; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR; PIRIFORM CORTEX; KAINIC ACID; RAT; EXPOSURE; BRAIN AB Domoic acid epileptic disease is characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures weeks to months after domoic acid exposure. The potential for this disease was first recognized in a human case study of temporal lobe epilepsy after the 1987 amnesic shellfish-poisoning event in Quebec, and was characterized as a chronic epileptic syndrome in California sea lions through investigation of a series of domoic acid poisoning cases between 1998 and 2006. The sea lion study provided a breadth of insight into clinical presentations, unusual behaviors, brain pathology, and epidemiology. A rat model that replicates key observations of the chronic epileptic syndrome in sea lions has been applied to identify the progression of the epileptic disease state, its relationship to behavioral manifestations, and to define the neural systems involved in these behavioral disorders. Here, we present the concept of domoic acid epileptic disease as a delayed manifestation of domoic acid poisoning and review the state of knowledge for this disease state in affected humans and sea lions. We discuss causative mechanisms and neural underpinnings of disease maturation revealed by the rat model to present the concept for olfactory origin of an epileptic disease; triggered in dendodendritic synapases of the olfactory bulb and maturing in the olfactory cortex. We conclude with updated information on populations at risk, medical diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. C1 [Ramsdell, John S.] Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, NOAA, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Gulland, Frances M.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. RP Ramsdell, JS (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, NOAA, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM john.ramsdell@noaa.gov; gullandf@tmmc.org NR 78 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 19 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-3397 J9 MAR DRUGS JI Mar. Drugs PD MAR PY 2014 VL 12 IS 3 BP 1185 EP 1207 DI 10.3390/md12031185 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AG9PX UT WOS:000335752800002 PM 24663110 ER PT J AU Gorman, D Farr, J Bellair, R Freeman, W Frurip, D Hielscher, A Johnstone, H Linke, M Murphy, P Sheng, M van Gelder, K Viveros, D AF Gorman, Dave Farr, Jim Bellair, Rob Freeman, Wade Frurip, Dave Hielscher, Al Johnstone, Harold Linke, Myriam Murphy, Pat Sheng, Min van Gelder, Klaas Viveros, Dalina TI Enhanced NOAA Chemical Reactivity Worksheet for Determining Chemical Compatibility SO PROCESS SAFETY PROGRESS LA English DT Article DE NOAA; chemical compatibility; compatibility chart; chemical reactivity worksheet; CRW AB As a result of a two-year joint effort between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and The Dow Chemical Company, an enhanced version (3.0) of the NOAA Chemical Reactivity Worksheet now is available. In addition to addressing previously identified limitations with version 2.0 of this tool, several enhancements have been incorporated into the tool to help with the generation and presentation of chemical compatibility charts. This article covers the development and use of this new tool, highlighting the enhancements that position this tool to become the gold standard within the chemical industry for determining chemical compatibility. (c) 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 33: 4-18, 2014 C1 [Gorman, Dave; Frurip, Dave; Murphy, Pat; Sheng, Min] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48667 USA. [Farr, Jim; Viveros, Dalina] NOAA, Emergency Response Div, Western Reg Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bellair, Rob] Dow Chem Co USA, Freeport, TX 77541 USA. [Freeman, Wade] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Hielscher, Al] Genwest Syst Inc, Edmonds, WA 98020 USA. [Johnstone, Harold] Dow Chem Co USA, Lake Jackson, TX 77566 USA. [Linke, Myriam; van Gelder, Klaas] Dow Chem Co USA, NL-4530AA Terneuzen, Netherlands. RP Gorman, D (reprint author), Dow Chem Co USA, 1897 Bldg F Bay, Midland, MI 48667 USA. EM dbgorman@dow.com FU EPA Office of Emergency Management; Center for Chemical Process Safety FX Thank you to the EPA Office of Emergency Management and the Center for Chemical Process Safety for their support of the CRW. Also, thank you to Jeff Birdwell, Mary Evans, Koos Bakkum, Jon Chapman, Joerg Steinmetzer, and the Reactive Chemicals Discipline at the Dow Chemical Company for their help in developing version 3.0 of the CRWand/or chemical compatibility tools that contributed towards version 3.0 of the CRW. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1066-8527 EI 1547-5913 J9 PROCESS SAF PROG JI Process Saf. Prog. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 33 IS 1 BP 4 EP 18 DI 10.1002/prs.11613 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA AE7HR UT WOS:000334168600002 ER PT J AU Thomas, EK Huang, YS Morrill, C Zhao, JT Wegener, P Clemens, SC Colman, SM Gao, L AF Thomas, Elizabeth K. Huang, Yongsong Morrill, Carrie Zhao, Jiangtao Wegener, Pamela Clemens, Steven C. Colman, Steven M. Gao, Li TI Abundant C-4 plants on the Tibetan Plateau during the Lateglacial and early Holocene SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Leaf wax; Carbon isotope; C-4 photosynthesis; Paleoecology; Tibetan Plateau; Monsoon ID CARBON-ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; TOTAL ORGANIC-CARBON; N-ALKYL LIPIDS; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; LAST DEGLACIATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CLIMATE; QINGHAI; CHINA; MONSOON AB Plants using the C-4 (Hatch-Slack) photosynthetic pathway are key for global food production and account for ca 25% of terrestrial primary productivity, mostly in relatively warm, dry regions. The discovery of modern naturally-occurring C-4 plant species at elevations up to 4500 m in Tibet and 3000 m in Africa and South America, however, suggests that C-4 plants are present in a wider range of environments than previously thought. Environmental conditions on the Tibetan Plateau, including high irradiance, rainfall focused in summer, and saline soils, can favor C-4 plants by offsetting the deleterious effects of low growing season temperature. We present evidence based on leaf wax carbon isotope ratios from Lake Qinghai that C-4 plants accounted for 50% of terrestrial primary productivity on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau throughout the Lateglacial and early Holocene. Despite cold conditions, C-4 plants flourished due to a combination of factors, including maximum summer insolation, pCO(2) ca 250 ppmv, and sufficient summer precipitation. The modern C-3 plant-dominated ecosystem around Lake Qinghai was established ca 6 thousand years ago as pCO(2) increased and summer temperature and precipitation decreased. C-4 plants were also intermittently abundant during the Last Glacial period; we propose that C-4 plants contributed a significant portion of local primary productivity by colonizing the exposed, saline Qinghai Lake bed during low stands. Our results contrast with state-of-the-art ecosystem models that simulate <0.5% C-4 plant abundance on the Tibetan Plateau in modern and past environments. The past abundance of C-4 plants on the Tibetan Plateau suggests a wider temperature range for C-4 plants than can be inferred from modern distributions and model simulations, and provides paleoecological evidence to support recent findings that C-4 plant evolution and distribution was determined by a combination of climatic and environmental factors (temperature, irradiance, precipitation amount and seasonality, and soil salinity). Moreover, this finding highlights the exceptional sensitivity of high-elevation ecosystems to environmental change, and provides critical benchmarks for ecosystem model validation. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Thomas, Elizabeth K.; Huang, Yongsong; Wegener, Pamela; Clemens, Steven C.; Gao, Li] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Morrill, Carrie] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Morrill, Carrie] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zhao, Jiangtao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, State Key Lab Loess & Quaternary Geol, Xian 710075, Peoples R China. [Colman, Steven M.] Univ Minnesota, Large Lake Observ, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Gao, Li] GeoIsoChem Corp, Covina, CA 91722 USA. RP Thomas, EK (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Box 1846, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM elizabeth_thomas@brown.edu RI Gao, Li/H-3747-2014; OI Gao, Li/0000-0003-0684-3570; Colman, Steve/0000-0002-0564-9576; Morrill, Carrie/0000-0002-1635-5469 FU International Continental Scientific Drilling Program; United States National Science Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Ministry of Science and Technology of China; P2C2 program at the US National Science Foundation; Abrupt Change Program; EaSM program; INCITE computing program at the US Department of Energy; NCAR; NSF [ATM-0902805]; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship FX We thank R. Tarozo for lab assistance and E.J. Edwards and one anonymous reviewer for providing feedback on the manuscript. We thank the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program, the United States National Science Foundation, the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China for their support for the Lake Qinghai Drilling Project, which was led in part by A. Zhisheng. We thank Z. Liu and B. Otto-Bliesner for sharing CCSM3 output. The CCSM3 transient simulation is supported by the P2C2 program at the US National Science Foundation, the Abrupt Change Program, EaSM program, and INCITE computing program at the US Department of Energy, and NCAR. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table S1) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. This research was funded by NSF grant #ATM-0902805 to Y. Huang and a NSF Graduate Research Fellowship to EKT. NR 63 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 9 U2 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 87 BP 24 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.12.014 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AH1JR UT WOS:000335876900003 ER PT J AU Beaudreau, AH Levin, PS AF Beaudreau, Anne H. Levin, Phillip S. TI Advancing the use of local ecological knowledge for assessing data-poor species in coastal ecosystems SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE abundance trends; Endangered Species Act; historical baselines; information environment; local ecological knowledge (LEK); Puget Sound; rockfish; Sebastes; stakeholder perceptions ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; BASE-LINES; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE; FISHERIES; TRENDS AB Many of the world's most vulnerable and rapidly changing ecosystems are also among the most data-poor, leading to an increased interest in use of local ecological knowledge (LEK) to document long-term environmental change. The integration of multiple knowledge sources for assessing species abundance and distribution has gained traction over the past decade as a growing number of case studies show concordance between LEK and scientific data. This study advances the use of quantitative approaches for synthesizing LEK by presenting a novel application of bootstrapping and statistical modeling to evaluate variance in ecological observations of fisheries practitioners. We developed an historical record of abundance for 22 marine species in Puget Sound, Washington (USA), using LEK, and we quantified variation in perceptions of abundance trends among fishers, divers, and researchers. These individuals differed in aspects of their information environments, which are characterized by how, when, and where an individual has acquired ecological information. Abundance trends derived from interviews suggest that populations of long-lived rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) have been in decline since at least the 1960s and that three rockfishes protected under the Endangered Species Act were perceived as relatively less abundant than other species. Differences in perception of rockfish abundance trends among age groups were consistent with our hypothesis that the reported magnitude of decline in abundance would increase with age, with younger respondents more likely to report high abundance than older individuals across all periods. Temporal patterns in the mean and variance of reported rockfish abundance indices were qualitatively similar between fishers and researchers; however, fishers reported higher indices of abundance than researchers for all but one rockfish species. The two respondent groups reported similar changes in rockfish abundance from the 1940s to 2000s, except for two recreationally valuable species that fishers perceived as having undergone greater declines than perceived by researchers. When aggregated at appropriate spatial-temporal scales and in a culturally appropriate manner, observations of resource users are a valuable source of ecological information. Continued development of creative analytical tools for synthesizing multiple knowledge sources will be essential for advancing the formal use of LEK in assessments of marine species. C1 [Beaudreau, Anne H.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Beaudreau, AH (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM abeaudreau@alaska.edu FU Fidalgo Chapter of the Puget Sound Anglers Association; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; NOAA Fisheries FX This research was supported by the Fidalgo Chapter of the Puget Sound Anglers Association, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and NOAA Fisheries. We are immensely grateful to the study participants who volunteered their time and knowledge to this research. The study was conducted in compliance with the University of Washington Human Subjects Division and adhered to the ethical standards established by the American Sociological Association for social science research. We thank Phil Loring, Jennifer Heibult Sawchuk, and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on a draft of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 7 U2 44 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 24 IS 2 BP 244 EP 256 DI 10.1890/13-0817.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AA9HZ UT WOS:000331405700002 PM 24689138 ER PT J AU Thorson, JT Taylor, IG Stewart, IJ Punt, AE AF Thorson, James T. Taylor, Ian G. Stewart, Ian J. Punt, Andre E. TI Rigorous meta-analysis of life history correlations by simultaneously analyzing multiple population dynamics models SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Brody individual growth coefficient; integrated model; life history correlations; life history theory; likelihood profile; meta-analysis; mixed-effects models; natural mortality; Pacific rockfishes; population dynamics database; Sebastes; stock assessment ID STOCK-RECRUITMENT RELATIONSHIP; TIME-VARYING CATCHABILITY; NATURAL MORTALITY; REFERENCE POINTS; ASSEMBLY RULES; FISH; FISHERIES; PARAMETERS; GROWTH; UNCERTAINTY AB Correlations among life history parameters have been discussed in the ecological literature for over 50 years, but are often estimated while treating model estimates of demographic rates such as natural mortality (M) or individual growth (k) as data. This approach fails to propagate uncertainty appropriately because it ignores correlations in estimation errors between parameters within a species and differences in estimation error among species. An improved alternative is multi-species mixed-effects modeling, which we approximate using multivariate likelihood profiles in an approach that synthesizes information from several population dynamics models. Simulation modeling demonstrates that this approach has minimal bias, and that precision improves with increased number of species. As a case study, we demonstrate this approach by estimating M/k for 11 groundfish species off the U.S. West Coast using the data and functional forms on which pre-existing, peer-reviewed, population dynamics models are based. M/k is estimated to be 1.26 for Pacific rockfishes (Sebastes spp.), with a coefficient of variation of 76% for M given k. This represents the first-ever estimate of correlations among life history parameters for marine fishes using several age-structured population dynamics models, and it serves as a standard for future life history correlation studies. This approach can be modified to provide robust estimates of other life history parameters and correlations, and requires few changes to existing population dynamics models and software input files for both marine and terrestrial species. Specific results for Pacific rockfishes can be used as a Bayesian prior for estimating natural mortality in future fisheries management efforts. We therefore recommend that fish population dynamics models be compiled in a global database that can be used to simultaneously analyze observation-level data for many species in life history meta-analyses. C1 [Thorson, James T.; Taylor, Ian G.; Stewart, Ian J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM James.Thorson@noaa.gov RI Thorson, James/O-7937-2014 OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 FU National Research Council Research Associate Program FX J. T. Thorson acknowledges financial support from the National Research Council Research Associate Program and supervision by E. Holmes, E. Ward, and M. Scheuerell at the NMFS Northwest Fisheries Science Center. This research was improved through discussion with J. Cope, I. Spies, and E. Ward. The profile likelihood approximation to maximum marginal likelihood has been previously explored by M. Dorn, A. Punt, and M. Wu. The manuscript was also improved through comments from J. Hastie, M. McClure, and two anonymous reviewers. To the many research scientists and assessment authors who collected, compiled, and analyzed the data in the stock assessments used herein, thank you! NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 24 IS 2 BP 315 EP 326 DI 10.1890/12-1803.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AA9HZ UT WOS:000331405700007 PM 24689143 ER PT J AU Broms, KM Johnson, DS Altwegg, R Conquest, LL AF Broms, Kristin M. Johnson, Devin S. Altwegg, Res Conquest, Loveday L. TI Spatial occupancy models applied to atlas data show Southern Ground Hornbills strongly depend on protected areas SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian methods; Bucorvus leadbeateri; conditional autoregressive (CAR) model; citizen scientists; Kruger National Park; restricted spatial regression; Southern African Bird Atlas Project; spatial autocorrelation ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; RANGE; CONSERVATION; ECOLOGY; AFRICA AB Determining the range of a species and exploring species-habitat associations are central questions in ecology and can be answered by analyzing presence-absence data. Often, both the sampling of sites and the desired area of inference involve neighboring sites; thus, positive spatial autocorrelation between these sites is expected. Using survey data for the Southern Ground Hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri) from the Southern African Bird Atlas Project, we compared advantages and disadvantages of three increasingly complex models for species occupancy: an occupancy model that accounted for nondetection but assumed all sites were independent, and two spatial occupancy models that accounted for both nondetection and spatial autocorrelation. We modeled the spatial autocorrelation with an intrinsic conditional autoregressive (ICAR) model and with a restricted spatial regression (RSR) model. Both spatial models can readily be applied to any other gridded, presence-absence data set using a newly introduced R package. The RSR model provided the best inference and was able to capture small-scale variation that the other models did not. It showed that ground hornbills are strongly dependent on protected areas in the north of their South African range, but less so further south. The ICAR models did not capture any spatial autocorrelation in the data, and they took an order of magnitude longer than the RSR models to run. Thus, the RSR occupancy model appears to be an attractive choice for modeling occurrences at large spatial domains, while accounting for imperfect detection and spatial autocorrelation. C1 [Broms, Kristin M.; Conquest, Loveday L.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Johnson, Devin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Altwegg, Res] South African Natl Biodivers Inst, ZA-7735 Claremont, South Africa. [Altwegg, Res] Univ Cape Town, Anim Demog Unit, Dept Biol Sci, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Altwegg, Res] Univ Cape Town, Dept Stat Sci, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Conquest, Loveday L.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98161 USA. RP Broms, KM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 1484 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM krisb9@u.washington.edu FU The National Research Foundation of South Africa; World University Network; NASA; Delta Kappa Gamma Society International FX We thank Sam Wasser, Marc Kery, Andy Royle, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. We also thank the large number of volunteers who collected the atlas data, Les Underhill, and the rest of the Animal Demography Unit at the University of Cape Town for the creation and upkeep of the bird atlas project. The National Research Foundation of South Africa, the World University Network, a NASA Space Grant, and the Delta Kappa Gamma Society International provided funding, and the Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology at the University of Washington provided essential computing resources. NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 24 IS 2 BP 363 EP 374 DI 10.1890/12-2151.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AA9HZ UT WOS:000331405700011 PM 24689147 ER PT J AU Gamalski, AD Voorhees, PW Ducati, C Sharma, R Hofmann, S AF Gamalski, Andrew D. Voorhees, Peter W. Ducati, Caterina Sharma, Renu Hofmann, Stephan TI Twin Plane Re-entrant Mechanism for Catalytic Nanowire Growth SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Nanowire; environmental transmission electron microscopy; twin plane re-entrant mechanism; vapor-liquid-solid growth model ID GERMANIUM DENDRITES; SILICON NANOWIRES; EDGE MECHANISM; SOLIDIFICATION; CRYSTALS AB A twin-plane based nanowire growth mechanism is established using Au catalyzed Ge nanowire growth as a model system. Video-rate lattice-resolved environmental transmission electron microscopy shows a convex, V-shaped liquid catalyst-nanowire growth interface for a < 112 > growth direction that is composed of two Ge {111} planes that meet at a twin boundary. Unlike bulk crystals, the nanowire geometry allows steady-state growth with a single twin boundary at the nanowire center. We suggest that the nucleation barrier at the twin-plane re-entrant groove is effectively reduced by the line energy, and hence the twin acts as a preferential nucleation site that dictates the lateral step flow cycle which constitutes nanowire growth. C1 [Gamalski, Andrew D.; Hofmann, Stephan] Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB3 0FA, England. [Voorhees, Peter W.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Ducati, Caterina] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. [Sharma, Renu] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Voorhees, PW (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM p-voorhees@northwestern.edu; sh315@cam.ac.uk RI Voorhees, Peter /B-6700-2009; Hofmann, Stephan/D-3906-2012; OI Hofmann, Stephan/0000-0001-6375-1459; Ducati, Caterina/0000-0003-3366-6442 FU ERC grant InsituNANO [279342]; Marshall Aid Commemoration Commission; National Science Foundation; Royal Society; ONR [N00014-12-1-0198] FX We acknowledge helpful discussions with Frances M. Ross. S.H. acknowledges funding from ERC grant InsituNANO (project number 279342). A.D.G. acknowledges funding from the Marshall Aid Commemoration Commission and the National Science Foundation. C.D. acknowledges funding from the Royal Society. P.V. acknowledges the support of ONR Grant N00014-12-1-0198. We gratefully acknowledge the use of facilities within the LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science at Arizona State University. NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 57 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1288 EP 1292 DI 10.1021/nl404244u PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AG9EA UT WOS:000335720300029 PM 24527789 ER PT J AU Oh, SJ Berry, NE Choi, JH Gaulding, EA Lin, HF Paik, T Diroll, BT Muramoto, S Murray, CB Kagan, CR AF Oh, Soong Ju Berry, Nathaniel E. Choi, Ji-Hyuk Gaulding, E. Ashley Lin, Hangfei Paik, Taejong Diroll, Benjamin T. Muramoto, Shin Murray, Christopher B. Kagan, Cherie R. TI Designing High-Performance PbS and PbSe Nanocrystal Electronic Devices through Stepwise, Post-Synthesis, Colloidal Atomic Layer Deposition SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Lead chalcogenide; nanocrystals; colloidal atomic layer deposition; stoichiometry; solution-process; field-effect transistor ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; QUANTUM-DOT SUPERLATTICES; ORIENTED ATTACHMENT; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; THIN-FILMS; STOICHIOMETRIC CONTROL; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; SOLIDS; LIGAND AB We report a simple, solution-based, postsynthetic colloidal, atomic layer deposition (PS-cALD) process to engineer stepwise the surface stoichiometry and therefore the electronic properties of lead chalcogenide nanocrystal (NC) thin films integrated in devices. We found that unlike chalcogen-enriched NC surfaces that are structurally, optically, and electronically unstable, lead chloride treatment creates a well-passivated shell that stabilizes the NCs. Using PS-cALD of lead chalcogenide NC thin films we demonstrate high electron field-effect mobilities of similar to 4.5 cm(2)/(V s). C1 [Oh, Soong Ju; Berry, Nathaniel E.; Choi, Ji-Hyuk; Gaulding, E. Ashley; Lin, Hangfei; Murray, Christopher B.; Kagan, Cherie R.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Kagan, Cherie R.] Univ Penn, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Paik, Taejong; Diroll, Benjamin T.; Murray, Christopher B.; Kagan, Cherie R.] Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Choi, Ji-Hyuk] CNRS Rhodia UPenn UMI 3254, Bristol, PA 19007 USA. [Muramoto, Shin] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kagan, CR (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3231 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM kagan@seas.upenn.edu RI Muramoto, Shin/I-6710-2016; Oh, Soong Ju/C-8842-2015 OI Muramoto, Shin/0000-0003-3135-375X; Oh, Soong Ju/0000-0003-1434-8844 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DE-SC0002158]; NSF [CBET-1236406]; NSF MRSEC Program [DMR-1120901]; Office of Naval Research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative Award [ONR-N00014-10-1-0942] FX We thank Professor Aaron T. Fafarman for stimulating discussions and Dr. Greg Gillen for the support in the XPS and SIMS experiments. The lead chalcogenide NC synthesis, small and wide-angle x-ray scattering, sample preparation for all structural, optical, and electrical measurements, absorption spectroscopy, EDX measurements, Hall measurements, and FET characterization are supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, under Award No. DE-SC0002158. The PS-cALD process development is supported by the NSF under Award CBET-1236406. FTIR and C-V measurements and XPS and SIMS analyses are supported by the NSF MRSEC Program under Award No. DMR-1120901. ICP-OES measurements is supported by the Office of Naval Research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative Award No. ONR-N00014-10-1-0942. The X-ray and microscope facilities used in this work are supported in part by the NSF MRSEC under Award No. DMR-1120901. C.B.M. is also grateful to the Richard Perry University Professorship for support of his supervisor role. NR 59 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 10 U2 136 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1559 EP 1566 DI 10.1021/nl404818z PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AG9EA UT WOS:000335720300072 PM 24499242 ER PT J AU Sherman, K AF Sherman, Kenneth TI Adaptive management institutions at the regional level: The case of Large Marine Ecosystems SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL FISHERIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OCEAN; SERVICES; SCIENCE; CATCH AB A global effort is underway by scientists, stakeholders, resource managers, and multisectoral ministerial representatives (e.g. fisheries, transportation, mining, energy, tourism, environment) from 110 economically developing countries to implement ecosystem-based management at the Large Marine Ecosystem scale. The effort is supported with $3.1 billion in financial assistance from the Global Environmental Facility and World Bank to assess and manage goods and services of Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs) along the coasts of economically developing countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America and eastern Europe. Through a systematic spatial and temporal scaling across multiple jurisdictions (e.g. community, municipal, regional, national, and international) a generic suite of indicators is applied to monitor the annual changes in LME productivity, fish and fisheries, pollution and ecosystem health, socioeconomics, and governance. Ecosystem-based governance practices are being implemented by Commissions that serve as institutional frameworks for restoring and sustaining transboundary LME goods and services. Under activities guided by LME Commissions, the suites of indicators are analyzed in relation to drivers of change and the results are applied to adaptive management regimes to reduce coastal pollution, restore damaged habitats, recover depleted fisheries conserve biodiversity, control nutrient over-enrichment and ocean acidification, and mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate warming. Application of ecosystem-based adaptive management practices presently underway by the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Korea are discussed for the Yellow Sea LME. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Sherman, K (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM Kenneth.Sherman@noaa.gov NR 61 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 EI 1873-524X J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 90 BP 38 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.06.008 PG 12 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA AH1JT UT WOS:000335877100005 ER PT J AU Woicik, JC AF Woicik, Joseph C. TI Local structure determination in strained-layer semiconductors SO SURFACE SCIENCE REPORTS LA English DT Review ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; BOND-LENGTH RELAXATION; RANDOM SOLID-SOLUTIONS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; X-RAY; INXGA1-XAS/INP HETEROSTRUCTURES; ANOMALOUS SCATTERING; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; SI1-XGEX ALLOYS; GEXSI1-X ALLOYS AB The theory of elasticity accurately describes the deformations of macroscopic bodies under the action of applied stress [1]. In this review, we examine the internal mechanisms of elasticity for strained-layer semiconductor heterostructures. In particular, we present extended x-ray-absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements to show how the bond lengths and bond angles in semiconductor thin-alloy films change with strain when they are grown coherently on substrates with different lattice constants. The structural distortions measured by experiment are compared to valence-force field (VFF) calculations and other theoretical models. Atomic switching and interfacial strain at buried interfaces are also discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Woicik, JC (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.woicik@nist.gov FU Material Measurement Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 FX Support for this review was provided by the Material Measurement Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899. The author is grateful to Professor Piero Pianetta and Dr. Charles Bouldin for encouraging his interest in this topic. NR 107 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5729 EI 1879-274X J9 SURF SCI REP JI Surf. Sci. Rep. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 69 IS 1 BP 38 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.surfrep.2013.12.002 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA AH0KA UT WOS:000335806600002 ER PT J AU Simmonds, AG Griebel, JJ Park, J Kim, KR Chung, WJ Oleshko, VP Kim, J Kim, ET Glass, RS Soles, CL Sung, YE Char, K Pyun, J AF Simmonds, Adam G. Griebel, Jared J. Park, Jungjin Kim, Kwi Ryong Chung, Woo Jin Oleshko, Vladimir P. Kim, Jenny Kim, Eui Tae Glass, Richard S. Soles, Christopher L. Sung, Yung-Eun Char, Koolcheon Pyun, Jeffrey TI Inverse Vulcanization of Elemental Sulfur to Prepare Polymeric Electrode Materials for Li-S Batteries SO ACS MACRO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; CATHODE MATERIAL; POLYSULFIDE; POLYPYRROLE; PERFORMANCE AB Sulfur-rich copolymers based on poly(sulfur-random-1,3-diisopropenylbenzene) (poly(S-r-DIB)) were synthesized via inverse vulcanization to create cathode materials for lithium sulfur battery applications. These materials exhibit enhanced capacity retention (1005 mAh/g at 100 cycles) and battery lifetimes over 500 cycles at a C/10 rate. These poly(S-r-DIB) copolymers represent a new class of polymeric electrode materials that exhibit one of the highest charge capacities reported, particularly after extended charge discharge cycling in Li-S batteries. C1 [Simmonds, Adam G.; Griebel, Jared J.; Chung, Woo Jin; Glass, Richard S.; Pyun, Jeffrey] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Park, Jungjin; Kim, Kwi Ryong; Kim, Eui Tae; Sung, Yung-Eun; Char, Koolcheon; Pyun, Jeffrey] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, World Class Univ Program Chem Convergence Energy, Natl CRI Ctr Intelligent Hybrids, Seoul 151744, South Korea. [Park, Jungjin; Kim, Kwi Ryong; Kim, Eui Tae; Sung, Yung-Eun; Char, Koolcheon; Pyun, Jeffrey] Seoul Natl Univ, Ctr Nanoparticle Res, Inst Basic Res, Seoul 151744, South Korea. [Oleshko, Vladimir P.; Kim, Jenny; Soles, Christopher L.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Char, K (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, World Class Univ Program Chem Convergence Energy, Natl CRI Ctr Intelligent Hybrids, Seoul 151744, South Korea. EM khchar@snu.ac.kr; jpyun@email.arizona.edu FU ACS-PRF [51026-ND10]; NSF [CHE-1305773]; WCU Program through the NRF of Korea - Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [R31-10013]; NRF for the National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids [2010-0018290]; Korean Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology through Institute of Basic Science (IBS) Program; NIST [70NANB12H164] FX We acknowledge the ACS-PRF (51026-ND10), the NSF (CHE-1305773), the WCU Program through the NRF of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (R31-10013) for support of this work. K.C. acknowledges the support from NRF for the National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids (2010-0018290). Y.-E.S. acknowledges the support by the Korean Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology through Institute of Basic Science (IBS) Program. V.P.O. acknowledges the support from NIST (Award No. 70NANB12H164). NR 29 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 14 U2 119 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-1653 J9 ACS MACRO LETT JI ACS Macro Lett. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 3 IS 3 BP 229 EP 232 DI 10.1021/mz400649w PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AG9EB UT WOS:000335720400004 ER PT J AU Behrens, AM Casey, BJ Sikorski, MJ Wu, KL Tutak, W Sandler, AD Kofinas, P AF Behrens, Adam M. Casey, Brendan J. Sikorski, Michael J. Wu, Kyle L. Tutak, Wojtek Sandler, Anthony D. Kofinas, Peter TI In Situ Deposition of PLGA Nanofibers via Solution Blow Spinning SO ACS MACRO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; FIBRIN FIBER; AIR; ANASTOMOSIS; SCAFFOLDS; MEMBRANE; DELIVERY; LEAKS; TRIAL AB Nanofiber mats and scaffolds have been widely investigated for biomedical applications. Commonly fabricated using electrospinning, nanofibers are generated ex situ using an apparatus that requires high voltages and an electrically conductive target. We report the use of solution blow spinning to generate conformal nanofiber mats/meshes on any surface in situ, utilizing only a commercial airbrush and compressed CO2. Solution and deposition conditions of PLGA nanofibers were optimized and mechanical properties characterized with dynamic mechanical analysis. Nanofiber mat degradation was monitored for morphologic and molecular weight changes in vitro. Biocompatibility of the direct deposition of nanofibers onto two cell lines was demonstrated in vitro and interaction with blood was qualitatively assessed with scanning electron microscopy. A pilot animal study illustrated the wide potential of this technique across multiple surgical applications, including its use as a surgical sealant, hemostatic, and buttress for tissue repair. C1 [Behrens, Adam M.; Sikorski, Michael J.; Kofinas, Peter] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Casey, Brendan J.] US FDA, Off Med Prod & Tobacco, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Off Sci & Engn Labs,Div Chem & Mat Sci, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Wu, Kyle L.; Sandler, Anthony D.] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Sheikh Zayed Inst Pediat Surg Innovat, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Tutak, Wojtek] NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kofinas, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, 2330 Jeong H Kim Engn Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM kofinas@umd.edu OI Kofinas, Peter/0000-0001-6657-3037 FU Warren Citrin Graduate Fellowship; Sheikh Zayed Institute for Surgical Innovation FX We would like to acknowledge the Warren Citrin Graduate Fellowship and the Sheikh Zayed Institute for Surgical Innovation for supporting this work. We would also like to thank Dr. Qijin Lu and Dr. Richard Malinauskas for their assistance with the in vitro blood protocols along with Dr. Eric Sussman for his help with the cell viability experiments. All research was performed through the University of Maryland and Children's National Medical Center. The conclusions made and items identified by brand name are the choice of the authors' and are not to be construed as conveying an official endorsement by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. NR 33 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 10 U2 75 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-1653 J9 ACS MACRO LETT JI ACS Macro Lett. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 3 IS 3 BP 249 EP 254 DI 10.1021/mz500049x PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AG9EB UT WOS:000335720400008 ER PT J AU Gurnon, AK Lopez-Barron, C Wasbrough, MJ Porcar, L Wagner, NJ AF Gurnon, A. Kate Lopez-Barron, Carlos Wasbrough, Matthew J. Porcar, Lionel Wagner, Norman J. TI Spatially Resolved Concentration and Segmental Flow Alignment in a Shear-Banding Solution of Polymer-Like Micelles SO ACS MACRO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED PHASE-SEPARATION; TO-NEMATIC TRANSITION; WORMLIKE MICELLES; COMPLEX FLUIDS; ENTANGLED POLYMERS; RHEOLOGY; SURFACTANT; BEHAVIOR; BIREFRINGENCE; SCISSION AB We measure the spatially resolved microstructure and concentration in the plane of flow for a viscoelastic solution of polymer-like micelles comprised of mass fraction 6.0% (volume fraction 6.6%) solution of 2:1 molar ratio cetylpyridinium chloride/sodium salicylate in 0.5 mol/L NaCl/D2O through the shear banding transition. Spatially resolved flow small-angle neutron scattering measurements in the velocity-velocity gradient (1-2) plane of flow establish the local microstructure, and scanning narrow-aperture flow ultrasmall-angle neutron scattering (SNAFUSANS) measurements indicate no flow-induced concentration gradients within measurement accuracy. These results show shear banding in this solution is not associated with an isotropic-nematic transition and are fundamentally important for validating models of shear-banding complex fluids. Improvements in the SNAFUSANS method are also documented. C1 [Gurnon, A. Kate; Wasbrough, Matthew J.; Wagner, Norman J.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Neutron Sci, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Wasbrough, Matthew J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lopez-Barron, Carlos] ExxonMobil Chem Co, Baytown, TX 77520 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RP Wagner, NJ (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Neutron Sci, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM wagnernj@udel.edu RI Wagner, Norman/B-6558-2012; Wasbrough, Matthew/H-2252-2013 OI Wagner, Norman/0000-0001-9565-619X; Wasbrough, Matthew/0000-0002-3225-7447 NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-1653 J9 ACS MACRO LETT JI ACS Macro Lett. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 3 IS 3 BP 276 EP 280 DI 10.1021/mz5000152 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AG9EB UT WOS:000335720400013 ER PT J AU Li, GN Rao, GH Huang, QZ Gao, QQ Luo, J Liu, GY Li, JB Liang, JK AF Li Guan-Nan Rao Guang-Hui Huang Qing-Zhen Gao Qing-Qing Luo Jun Liu Guang-Yao Li Jing-Bo Liang Jing-Kui TI Phase separation in Sr doped BiMnO3 SO CHINESE PHYSICS B LA English DT Article DE phase separation; neutron/X-ray powder diffraction; charge/orbital order ID TEMPERATURE CHARGE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; BI1-XSRXMNO3; CRYSTAL; DIAGRAM; PHYSICS; OXIDES; ORDER AB Phase separation in Sr doped BiMnO3 (Bi1-xSrxMnO3, x = 0.4-0.6) was studied by means of temperature-dependent high-resolution neutron powder diffraction (NPD), high resolution X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and physical property measurements. All the experiments indicate that a phase separation occurs at the temperature coinciding with the reported charge ordering temperature (T-CO) in the literature. Below the reported T-CO, both the phases resulting from the phase separation crystallize in the orthorhombically distorted perovskite structure with space group Imma. At lower temperature, these two phases order in the CE-type antiferromagnetic structure and the A-type antiferromagnetic structure, respectively. However, a scrutiny of the high-resolution NPD and XRD data at different temperatures and the electron diffraction experiment at 300 K did not manifest any evidence of a long-range charge ordering (CO) in our investigated samples, suggesting that the anomalies of physical properties such as magnetization, electric transport, and lattice parameters at the T-CO might be caused by the phase separation rather than by a CO transition. C1 [Li Guan-Nan; Gao Qing-Qing; Luo Jun; Liu Guang-Yao; Liang Jing-Kui] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Rao Guang-Hui] Guilin Univ Elect Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Guilin 541004, Peoples R China. [Huang Qing-Zhen] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li Jing-Bo] Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Rao, GH (reprint author), Guilin Univ Elect Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Guilin 541004, Peoples R China. EM ghrao@iphy.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [11074295, 50872148]; Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province, China [2012GXNSFGA060002] FX Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11074295 and 50872148) and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province, China (Grant No. 2012GXNSFGA060002). NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 39 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1674-1056 EI 1741-4199 J9 CHINESE PHYS B JI Chin. Phys. B PD MAR PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3 AR 036401 DI 10.1088/1674-1056/23/3/036401 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AG8CK UT WOS:000335646100060 ER PT J AU An, S Lee, K Kim, B Noh, H Kim, J Kwon, S Lee, M Hong, MH Jhed, W AF An, Sangmin Lee, Kunyoung Kim, Bongsu Noh, Haneol Kim, Jongwoo Kwon, Soyoung Lee, Manhee Hong, Mun-Heon Jhed, Wonho TI Nanopipette combined with quartz tuning fork-atomic force microscope for force spectroscopy/microscopy and liquid delivery-based nanofabrication SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID QUALITY FACTOR CONTROL; NANOFLUIDICS; SENSORS AB This paper introduces a nanopipette combined with a quartz tuning fork-atomic force microscope system (nanopipette/QTF-AFM), and describes experimental and theoretical investigations of the nanoscale materials used. The system offers several advantages over conventional cantilever-based AFM and QTF-AFM systems, including simple control of the quality factor based on the contact position of the QTF, easy variation of the effective tip diameter, electrical detection, on-demand delivery and patterning of various solutions, and in situ surface characterization after patterning. This tool enables nanoscale liquid delivery and nanofabrication processes without damaging the apex of the tip in various environments, and also offers force spectroscopy and microscopy capabilities. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [An, Sangmin; Lee, Kunyoung; Kim, Bongsu; Noh, Haneol; Kim, Jongwoo; Kwon, Soyoung; Lee, Manhee; Hong, Mun-Heon; Jhed, Wonho] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Nanoliquid, Seoul 151747, South Korea. RP An, S (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM whjhe@snu.ac.kr RI Kim, Jongwoo/E-7592-2015 OI Kim, Jongwoo/0000-0002-7419-021X FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korean government (MSIP) [2013-056344]; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2013R1A6A3A03063900]; Brain Korea 21; Center for Nano-Liquid FX This work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (Grant no. 2013-056344), the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Grant no. 2013R1A6A3A03063900), and Brain Korea 21. Wonho Jhe acknowledges the support of the Center for Nano-Liquid. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 85 IS 3 AR 033702 DI 10.1063/1.4866656 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AH1ZL UT WOS:000335920400031 PM 24689587 ER PT J AU Kusaka, A Essinger-Hileman, T Appel, JW Gallardo, P Irwin, KD Jarosik, N Nolta, MR Page, LA Parker, LP Raghunathan, S Sievers, JL Simon, SM Staggs, ST Visnjic, K AF Kusaka, A. Essinger-Hileman, T. Appel, J. W. Gallardo, P. Irwin, K. D. Jarosik, N. Nolta, M. R. Page, L. A. Parker, L. P. Raghunathan, S. Sievers, J. L. Simon, S. M. Staggs, S. T. Visnjic, K. TI Modulation of cosmic microwave background polarization with a warm rapidly rotating half-wave plate on the Atacama B-Mode Search instrument (vol 85, 024501, 2014) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Correction C1 [Kusaka, A.; Essinger-Hileman, T.; Appel, J. W.; Jarosik, N.; Page, L. A.; Parker, L. P.; Sievers, J. L.; Simon, S. M.; Staggs, S. T.; Visnjic, K.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Essinger-Hileman, T.; Appel, J. W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Gallardo, P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Irwin, K. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Irwin, K. D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Nolta, M. R.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Raghunathan, S.] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. [Sievers, J. L.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. RP Kusaka, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM essinger@pha.jhu.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 85 IS 3 AR 039901 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AH1ZL UT WOS:000335920400086 ER PT J AU Townsend, H AF Townsend, Howard TI Comparing and coupling a water quality and a fisheries ecosystem model of the Chesapeake Bay for the exploratory assessment of resource management strategies SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ecosystem modelling; model coupling; USAuChesapeake Bay; water quality; fisheries ID NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT AB The Chesapeake Bay (CB) is the North Americas largest estuary and is a highly productive ecosystem. State and Federal agencies have been working for over two decades to implement ecosystem-based management (EBM), which will allow the understanding of the impacts of cumulative stressors and enable decision-making that incorporates trade-offs in ecosystem goods and services. To effectively move towards EBM, models that account for bottom-up (e.g. eutrophication) as well as top-down (e.g. fisheries harvest) drivers are necessary. One step towards the integrated analysis of ecosystem stressors is to integrate the existing models that capture bottom-up and top-down effects. In this paper, the efforts of integrating the CB fisheries ecosystem model and the water quality model are described. Specifically, to achieve the integration of these two models, the methods for (i) model comparisons and (ii) model coupling outlined in a report by the CB Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee are implemented for this paper. Comparative analyses of the two models were performed to assess the model structure uncertainty. Broad indirect coupling of these models allows connections between water quality and commercially and recreationally important species to be made and used to assess trade-offs between water quality management goals and fisheries management goals. C1 US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Habitat Qual, Chesapeake Bay Off,Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. RP Townsend, H (reprint author), US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Habitat Qual, Chesapeake Bay Off,Cooperat Oxford Lab, 904 S Morris St, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. EM howard.townsend@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2014 VL 71 IS 3 BP 703 EP 712 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst060 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AF4OY UT WOS:000334694300027 ER PT J AU Carey, MP Levin, PS Townsend, H Minello, TJ Sutton, GR Francis, TB Harvey, CJ Toft, JE Arkema, KK Burke, JL Kim, CK Guerry, AD Plummer, M Spiridonov, G Ruckelshaus, M AF Carey, Michael P. Levin, Phillip S. Townsend, Howard Minello, Thomas J. Sutton, Glen R. Francis, Tessa B. Harvey, Chris J. Toft, Jodie E. Arkema, Katie K. Burke, Jennifer L. Kim, Choong-Ki Guerry, Anne D. Plummer, Mark Spiridonov, Georgi Ruckelshaus, Mary TI Characterizing coastal foodwebs with qualitative links to bridge the gap between the theory and the practice of ecosystem-based management SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake Bay; demersal fisheries; ecosystem-based management; foodweb structure; Galveston Bay; loop analysis; Puget Sound ID DUNGENESS CRAB; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; BENTHIC SYSTEMS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; PREDICTIONS; FISHERIES; MODELS; CHALLENGES; STRATEGIES; COMMUNITY AB Tools that integrate the complexity of natural systems are needed to facilitate ecosystem-based management (EBM). Loop analysis is an underutilized qualitative tool for EBM that uses information on foodweb links (e.g. predatorprey interactions) and the resulting pathways (cycles) through the foodweb to predict responses to press perturbations. We explore the utility of loop analysis related to management actions: increasing crab abundance and reducing eutrophication in coastal foodwebs. We found that crab-related management actions propagated through the foodweb, with positive and negative impacts. Several negatively impacted species support important fisheries; their declines illustrate the challenge of developing multispecies plans. In our analysis, the management actions decreasing eutrophication reduced most functional groups. However, these predictions were unreliable, suggesting indiscernible bottom-up effects in the foodwebs. Simultaneously managing for crab increases and reducing eutrophication created mostly decreasing abundances in other functional groups and reduced the predictability of the responses. The response to each management action suggests trade-offs between goals, and the qualitatively unreliable predictions could result from variation in the strength of species interactions or indicate knowledge gaps. EBM can benefit from both the explicit articulation of trade-offs and the identification of gaps in our understanding of these systems. C1 [Carey, Michael P.; Levin, Phillip S.; Harvey, Chris J.; Burke, Jennifer L.; Plummer, Mark] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Townsend, Howard; Spiridonov, Georgi] NOAA Fisheries, Chesapeake Bay Off, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. [Minello, Thomas J.] NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Galveston Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Sutton, Glen R.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Galveston Bay Field Off, Dickinson, TX 77539 USA. [Francis, Tessa B.] Univ Washington, Ctr Urban Waters, Puget Sound Inst, Tacoma, WA 98421 USA. [Toft, Jodie E.; Arkema, Katie K.; Kim, Choong-Ki; Guerry, Anne D.; Ruckelshaus, Mary] Stanford Univ, Nat Capital Project, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kim, Choong-Ki] Inha Univ, Ocean Sci & Technol Inst, Inchon 402751, South Korea. RP Carey, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM mcarey@usgs.gov RI Francis, Tessa/B-6965-2012 OI Francis, Tessa/0000-0002-3383-5392 FU Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystems (CAMEO) programme, a joint NOAA-National Science Foundation programme; Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NOAA Fisheries); Natural Capital Project at Stanford University; National Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX The Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystems (CAMEO) programme, a joint NOAA-National Science Foundation programme, funded this work. Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NOAA Fisheries) and the Natural Capital Project at Stanford University provided support. Additional support for MPC was provided through a National Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. George Guillen and Danielle Crossen provided information on the Galveston Bay foodweb. Reviews by A. Chester and two anonymous reviewers improved this manuscript. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 25 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2014 VL 71 IS 3 BP 713 EP 724 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst012 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AF4OY UT WOS:000334694300028 ER PT J AU Toft, JE Burke, JL Carey, MP Kim, CK Marsik, M Sutherland, DA Arkema, KK Guerry, AD Levin, PS Minello, TJ Plummer, M Ruckelshaus, MH Townsend, HM AF Toft, J. E. Burke, J. L. Carey, M. P. Kim, C. K. Marsik, M. Sutherland, D. A. Arkema, K. K. Guerry, A. D. Levin, P. S. Minello, T. J. Plummer, M. Ruckelshaus, M. H. Townsend, H. M. TI From mountains to sound: modelling the sensitivity of Dungeness crab and Pacific oyster to landsea interactions in Hood Canal, WA SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE climate change; Dungeness crab; future land use; land cover; landsea interactions; marine water quality; Pacific oyster; scenario analysis; watersheds ID ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; CANCER-MAGISTER FISHERY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; RED ALDER; COASTAL; CONSERVATION; SERVICES; WATERSHEDS; OREGON AB Many diagnoses of declining marine species and habitats along US coasts point to upland and freshwater sources of imperilment. Yet, little work has examined how and whether activities on land affect marine resources. Similarly, the impacts of climate change on coastal systems are among the most certain; yet, few studies have explored how alternative management and climate scenarios will affect the delivery of diverse benefits to people from coasts. We estimated how Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister) and Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) harvest in Hood Canal, WA, may change given predictions of land uses and effects of climate change. These two marine species are critical components of local commercial and recreational fisheries and thus represent key ecosystem service endpoints. We found that Dungeness crab harvest responds strongly to effects of climate change, as mediated by increased ocean temperature, whereas Pacific oyster harvest is more responsive to projected change in land-use/land-cover due to increased nutrient loading to the marine system. These changes vary spatially throughout Hood Canal. These results can be used as a heuristic framework to help decision-makers, planners, and other stakeholders in the region as they work to target conservation and restoration activities and plan for future growth in a changing climate. C1 [Toft, J. E.; Kim, C. K.; Arkema, K. K.; Guerry, A. D.; Ruckelshaus, M. H.] Stanford Univ, Nat Capital Project, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Burke, J. L.; Carey, M. P.; Levin, P. S.; Plummer, M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kim, C. K.] Inha Univ, Ocean Sci & Technol Inst, Inchon, South Korea. [Marsik, M.] Nature Conservancy, Washington Field Off, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Sutherland, D. A.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Minello, T. J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Galveston Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Townsend, H. M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Chesapeake Bay Off, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Toft, JE (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Nat Capital Project, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jetoft@stanford.edu OI Sutherland, David/0000-0002-2843-8608 FU CAMEO programme of NOAA/NSF FX We would like to thank the CAMEO programme of NOAA/NSF for funding. NR 96 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 27 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2014 VL 71 IS 3 BP 725 EP 738 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst072 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AF4OY UT WOS:000334694300029 ER PT J AU Precht, WF Deslarzes, KJP Hickerson, EL Schmahl, GP Nuttall, MF Aronson, RB AF Precht, William F. Deslarzes, Kenneth J. P. Hickerson, Emma L. Schmahl, George P. Nuttall, Marissa F. Aronson, Richard B. TI Back to the future: The history of acroporid corals at the Flower Garden Banks, Gulf of Mexico, USA SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acropora cervicornis; Acropora palmata; coral reef; Flower Garden Banks; Gulf of Mexico; Holocene thermal maximum; Little Ice Age; range expansion ID MUSSELS MYTILUS-EDULIS; REEF-BUILDING CORALS; SEA-LEVEL HISTORY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; NORTHWESTERN GULF; CARIBBEAN CORAL; LOOP CURRENT; PALEOCLIMATIC IMPLICATIONS; SPECIES COMPOSITION AB Fossil elkhorn corals, Acropora palmate, were discovered at the Flower Garden Banks (FGB) on the shelf-margin off the Texas coast in 2006. Radiocarbon dating revealed an A. palmata-dominated community aged 10,157-6838 cal BP. The Acropora reefs correspond in time to an interval of warmer-than-present sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) during the Holocene thermal maximum (HTM). The subsequent demise of A. palmata in the middle Holocene was a consequence of the inability of the shallowest reef facies to keep pace with rising sea level following complete submergence of the banks, possibly coupled with decreasing SSTs following the HTM. In 2007, the first fossil staghorn corals, Acropora cervicornis, were discovered at the FGB. Based on radiocarbon dating of these corals to 1027-211 cal BP, it appears that populations of A. cervicornis flourished in deeper waters (-25-32 m depth) on the edges of the banks until the peak of the Little Ice Age (LIA) when they died, presumably from cold-water exposure. The recent return of A. palmata to reefs of the FGB associated with increasing sea temperatures appears to be both an echo of the past and a harbinger of the future. (c) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Precht, William F.] Dial Cordy & Associates, Miami, FL 33014 USA. [Deslarzes, Kenneth J. P.] Geomarine Inc, Plano, TX 75074 USA. [Hickerson, Emma L.; Schmahl, George P.; Nuttall, Marissa F.] NOAA, Flower Garden Banks Natl Marine Sanctuary, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Aronson, Richard B.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RP Precht, WF (reprint author), Dial Cordy & Associates, Miami, FL 33014 USA. EM Bprecht@dialcordy.com FU outgrowth of the long-term coral reef monitoring project at the FGB; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (formally the Minerals Management Service); U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC [1435-04-04-CT-33137]; Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary (FGBNMS) FX We thank Tom Ahfeld, Greg Boland, Tom Bright, Steve Gittings, Dennis Hubbard, Harold Hudson, Les Kaufman, Joanie Kleypas, Barbara Lidz, Alexis Lugo-Fernandez, Ian Macintyre, Steven Miller, Thad Murdoch, Martha Robbart, Gene Shinn, James Sinclair, and Beth Zimmer for discussions over the years that helped us formulate many of the ideas contained herein. Lauren Toth assisted with the 14C calibrations. Iliana Baums performed the genetic analysis of the Acropora samples. We also thank Ernesto Weil and Gretchen Goodbody-Gringly, who were our dive buddies during these discoveries. The late Brian Keller had a keen interest in this project and we sorely miss his insightful guidance and encouragement. This study was an outgrowth of the long-term coral reef monitoring project at the FGB that was funded to WFP, KJPD and RBA by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (formally the Minerals Management Service), U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC, under Contract Number 1435-04-04-CT-33137. Additional funding was provided by the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary (FGBNMS). Field work was carried out under permit FGBNMS-2004-001. This is contribution 107 from the Institute for Research on Global Climate Change at the Florida Institute of Technology. NR 162 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 349 BP 152 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2013.12.012 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA AG2WJ UT WOS:000335277500012 ER PT J AU Cha, Y Park, SS Kim, K Byeon, M Stow, CA AF Cha, YoonKyung Park, Seok Soon Kim, Kyunghyun Byeon, Myeongseop Stow, Craig A. TI Probabilistic prediction of cyanobacteria abundance in a Korean reservoir using a Bayesian Poisson model SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cyanobacteria; temperature; Asian monsoon; Bayesian hurdle Poisson regression; Lake Paldang ID BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; FRESH-WATER CYANOBACTERIA; COUNT DATA; LAKE PHYTOPLANKTON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HARMFUL CYANOBACTERIA; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; EUTROPHIC RESERVOIR; REGRESSION-MODELS AB There have been increasing reports of harmful algal blooms (HABs) worldwide. However, the factors that influence cyanobacteria dominance and HAB formation can be site-specific and idiosyncratic, making prediction challenging. The drivers of cyanobacteria blooms in Lake Paldang, South Korea, the summer climate of which is strongly affected by the East Asian monsoon, may differ from those in well-studied North American lakes. Using the observational data sampled during the growing season in 2007-2011, a Bayesian hurdle Poisson model was developed to predict cyanobacteria abundance in the lake. The model allowed cyanobacteria absence (zero count) and nonzero cyanobacteria counts to be modeled as functions of different environmental factors. The model predictions demonstrated that the principal factor that determines the success of cyanobacteria was temperature. Combined with high temperature, increased residence time indicated by low outflow rates appeared to increase the probability of cyanobacteria occurrence. A stable water column, represented by low suspended solids, and high temperature were the requirements for high abundance of cyanobacteria. Our model results had management implications; the model can be used to forecast cyanobacteria watch or alert levels probabilistically and develop mitigation strategies of cyanobacteria blooms. C1 [Cha, YoonKyung] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Park, Seok Soon] Ewha Womans Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Seoul, South Korea. [Kim, Kyunghyun; Byeon, Myeongseop] Natl Inst Environm Res, Inchon, South Korea. [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Cha, Y (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM ykcha@umich.edu OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855 FU "Early Warning System of Algal Bloom" project of NIER(National Institute of Environmental Research), Ministry of Environment, Korea FX GLERL contribution number 1702. We would like to thank Tara Stow and anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. This study was partly supported by the "Early Warning System of Algal Bloom" project of NIER(National Institute of Environmental Research), Ministry of Environment, Korea. NR 75 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 50 IS 3 BP 2518 EP 2532 DI 10.1002/2013WR014372 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AE6NV UT WOS:000334111600037 ER PT J AU Ovchinnikov, M Ackerman, AS Avramov, A Cheng, AN Fan, JW Fridlind, AM Ghan, S Harrington, J Hoose, C Korolev, A McFarquhar, GM Morrison, H Paukert, M Savre, J Shipway, BJ Shupe, MD Solomon, A Sulia, K AF Ovchinnikov, Mikhail Ackerman, Andrew S. Avramov, Alexander Cheng, Anning Fan, Jiwen Fridlind, Ann M. Ghan, Steven Harrington, Jerry Hoose, Corinna Korolev, Alexei McFarquhar, Greg M. Morrison, Hugh Paukert, Marco Savre, Julien Shipway, Ben J. Shupe, Matthew D. Solomon, Amy Sulia, Kara TI Intercomparison of large-eddy simulations of Arctic mixed-phase clouds: Importance of ice size distribution assumptions SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE ice size distribution; cloud microphysics; mixed-phase clouds; large-eddy simulations; Arctic clouds ID MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; MODEL DESCRIPTION; PART I; STRATOCUMULUS; SCHEME; LAYER; VAPOR; FORMULATION; CRYSTALS AB Large-eddy simulations of mixed-phase Arctic clouds by 11 different models are analyzed with the goal of improving understanding and model representation of processes controlling the evolution of these clouds. In a case based on observations from the Indirect and Semi-Direct Aerosol Campaign (ISDAC), it is found that ice number concentration, N-i, exerts significant influence on the cloud structure. Increasing N-i leads to a substantial reduction in liquid water path (LWP), in agreement with earlier studies. In contrast to previous intercomparison studies, all models here use the same ice particle properties (i.e., mass-size, mass-fall speed, and mass-capacitance relationships) and a common radiation parameterization. The constrained setup exposes the importance of ice particle size distributions (PSDs) in influencing cloud evolution. A clear separation in LWP and IWP predicted by models with bin and bulk microphysical treatments is documented and attributed primarily to the assumed shape of ice PSD used in bulk schemes. Compared to the bin schemes that explicitly predict the PSD, schemes assuming exponential ice PSD underestimate ice growth by vapor deposition and overestimate mass-weighted fall speed leading to an underprediction of IWP by a factor of two in the considered case. Sensitivity tests indicate LWP and IWP are much closer to the bin model simulations when a modified shape factor which is similar to that predicted by bin model simulation is used in bulk scheme. These results demonstrate the importance of representation of ice PSD in determining the partitioning of liquid and ice and the longevity of mixed-phase clouds. C1 [Ovchinnikov, Mikhail; Fan, Jiwen; Ghan, Steven] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ackerman, Andrew S.; Fridlind, Ann M.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Avramov, Alexander] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Cheng, Anning] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, NASA LaRC, Hampton, VA USA. [Harrington, Jerry] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, State Coll, PA USA. [Hoose, Corinna; Paukert, Marco] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Korolev, Alexei] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [McFarquhar, Greg M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL USA. [Morrison, Hugh] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Savre, Julien] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Shipway, Ben J.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Shupe, Matthew D.; Solomon, Amy] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sulia, Kara] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Ovchinnikov, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mikhail@pnnl.gov RI Solomon, Amy/L-8988-2013; Hoose, Corinna/A-4295-2009; Fan, Jiwen/E-9138-2011; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Ackerman, Andrew/D-4433-2012; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; OI Hoose, Corinna/0000-0003-2827-5789; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; Ackerman, Andrew/0000-0003-0254-6253; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; McFarquhar, Greg/0000-0003-0950-0135 FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) as part of the Atmospheric System Research Program (ASR); DOE, Office of Science, OBER; Battelle for the DOE [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; U.S. DOE, OBER; Office of Science of the U.S. DOE; DOE Office of Science, OBER; NASA Radiation Sciences Program; U.S. DOE [DE-SC0007005]; US DOE ASR [DE-SC0001279, DE-SC0008500]; U.S. DOE ASR [DE-SC0008648, DE-SC0005336]; NASA [NNX12AH90G]; National Science Foundation [AGS-0951807]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER64058]; Helmholtz Association through the Climate Initiative REKLIM; President's Initiative and Networking Fund; DOE Office of Science Graduate Fellowship Program (DOE SCGF); DOE [DE-AC05-06OR23100] FX This work was supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) as part of the Atmospheric System Research Program (ASR). Data were obtained from the ARM program archive, sponsored by DOE, Office of Science, OBER. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated by Battelle for the DOE under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. This research was performed in part using the Molecular Science Computing Facility (MSCF) in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by the U.S. DOE, OBER and located at PNNL. M.O. is grateful to Marat Khairoutdinov for providing the System for Atmospheric Modeling (SAM) and Alexander Khain for the microphysics code used in this study. We thank Michael Earle and Peter Liu of Environment Canada for providing aerosol size distributions and Peter Blossey for assistance with offline radiation calculations. ASA and AMF used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. DOE, and were supported by the DOE Office of Science, OBER, and the NASA Radiation Sciences Program. M.D.S. and A. S. were supported by U.S. DOE grant DE-SC0007005. G.M.M. was partially supported by US DOE ASR grants DE-SC0001279 and DE-SC0008500. H.M. was partially supported by U.S. DOE ASR grants DE-SC0008648 and DE-SC0005336, subawarded through NASA NNX12AH90G. J.H. was supported by the National Science Foundation for under grant AGS-0951807 and the Department of Energy under grant DE-FG02-05ER64058. C.H. and M.P. were funded by the Helmholtz Association through the Climate Initiative REKLIM and the President's Initiative and Networking Fund. K.S. was supported by an award from the DOE Office of Science Graduate Fellowship Program (DOE SCGF). The DOE SCGF Program was made possible in part by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. The DOE SCGF program is administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) for the DOE. ORISE is managed by Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) under DOE contract DE-AC05-06OR23100. All opinions expressed in this paper are the author's and do not necessarily reflect the policies and views of DOE, ORAU, or ORISE. NR 48 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 223 EP 248 DI 10.1002/2013MS000282 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AF7AV UT WOS:000334866700013 ER PT J AU Seubert, EL Howard, MDA Kudela, RM Stewart, TN Litaker, RW Evans, R Caron, DA AF Seubert, Erica L. Howard, Meredith D. A. Kudela, Raphael M. Stewart, Thomas N. Litaker, R. Wayne Evans, Richard Caron, David A. TI Development, Comparison, and Validation Using ELISAs for the Determination of Domoic Acid in California Sea Lion Body Fluids SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PRINCE-EDWARD-ISLAND; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; POTENTIAL VECTOR; MORTALITY EVENT; THIN-LAYERS; FOOD WEBS; BLOOMS; TOXIN AB Mortalities of California sea lions (Zalophus califomianus) attributed to the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) produced by the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia have occurred repeatedly along the U.S. west coast since the late 1990s. Quantifying the amount of DA in these animals and correlating this information with the presence of DA in phytoplankton and the local food web has become a research focus for many scientists. However, differences in materials, equipment, technical capability, budgets, and objectives of the various groups and/or agencies involved in this work have influenced the DA quantification platforms used. The goal of the present study was to compare the performance of two commercially available ELISAs for the determination of DA in a spectrum of California sea lion body fluids and to compare the results with LC/MS of the same samples. The results indicated differences among these approaches, presumably owing to matrix effects (particularly urine) and antibody reactivities. This information implies that care should be taken in attempting to compare datasets generated using different analytical platforms and interpreting the results of published studies. C1 [Seubert, Erica L.; Caron, David A.] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Howard, Meredith D. A.] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. [Kudela, Raphael M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Kudela, Raphael M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Stewart, Thomas N.] Mercury Sci Inc, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Litaker, R. Wayne] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Evans, Richard] Pacific Marine Mammal Ctr, Laguna Beach, CA 92651 USA. RP Seubert, EL (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, 3616 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM seubert@usc.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA05NO54781228, NA11NOS4780052, NA08OAR4320894]; USC Sea Grant [NA06OAR4170012]; California Ocean Protection Council [R/OPCCONT-12 A 10] FX This work was supported by grants NA05NO54781228, NA11NOS4780052, and a sub-award of NA08OAR4320894 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and USC Sea Grant award NA06OAR4170012. Support of the LC/MS analysis was provided by the California Ocean Protection Council award R/OPCCONT-12 A 10 and the Central and Northern California Ocean Observing System (CeNCOOS). NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 EI 1944-7922 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 2014 VL 97 IS 2 BP 345 EP 355 DI 10.5740/jaoacint.SGESeubert PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA AF2UP UT WOS:000334568300010 PM 24830146 ER PT J AU Khan, SI Hong, Y Gourley, JJ Khattak, MU De Groeve, T AF Khan, Sadiq I. Hong, Yang Gourley, Jonathan J. Khattak, Muhammad Umar De Groeve, Tom TI Multi-Sensor Imaging and Space-Ground Cross-Validation for 2010 Flood along Indus River, Pakistan SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE SAR; microwave sensors; optical sensor; image analysis; flood monitoring; image classification ID PASSIVE MICROWAVE; RESOLUTION; IMAGERY; BASIN; INFORMATION; CALIBRATION; DYNAMICS; EXTENT; MODEL AB Flood monitoring was conducted using multi-sensor data from space-borne optical, and microwave sensors; with cross-validation by ground-based rain gauges and streamflow stations along the Indus River; Pakistan. First; the optical imagery from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) was processed to delineate the extent of the 2010 flood along Indus River; Pakistan. Moreover; the all-weather all-time capability of higher resolution imagery from the Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) is used to monitor flooding in the lower Indus river basin. Then a proxy for river discharge from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) aboard NASA's Aqua satellite and rainfall estimates from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) are used to study streamflow time series and precipitation patterns. The AMSR-E detected water surface signal was cross-validated with ground-based river discharge observations at multiple streamflow stations along the main Indus River. A high correlation was found; as indicated by a Pearson correlation coefficient of above 0.8 for the discharge gauge stations located in the southwest of Indus River basin. It is concluded that remote-sensing data integrated from multispectral and microwave sensors could be used to supplement stream gauges in sparsely gauged large basins to monitor and detect floods. C1 [Khan, Sadiq I.; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Khan, Sadiq I.; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, HyDrometeorol & Remote Sensing HyDROS Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Khan, Sadiq I.; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hong, Yang] Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Dept Hydraul Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Khattak, Muhammad Umar] Natl Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Geog Informat Syst, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan. [De Groeve, Tom] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. RP Khan, SI (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM sadiq@ou.edu; yanghong@ou.edu; jj.gourley@noaa.gov; ukhattak@igis.nust.edu.pk; tom.de-groeve@jrc.ec.europa.eu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755 FU Pakistan-US Science and Technology Cooperation Program FX This research work was funded under the Pakistan-US Science and Technology Cooperation Program managed by the United States National Academy of Sciences. The authors would like to acknowledge Climate Data Processing Centre of Pakistan Meteorological Department for providing rainfall data. TMPA data used in this study were acquired using the GES-DISC Interactive Online Visualization and analysis Infrastructure (Giovanni) as part of the NASA's Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). We also thank the United Nations Institute for Training and Research/Operational Satellite Applications Programme (UNITAR/UNOSAT) team for providing the Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) data. The authors are very grateful for the insightful and detailed comments offered by the four anonymous reviewers. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 23 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 6 IS 3 BP 2393 EP 2407 DI 10.3390/rs6032393 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AF6AO UT WOS:000334797000031 ER PT J AU Bernardello, R Marinov, I Palter, JB Sarmiento, JL Galbraith, ED Slater, RD AF Bernardello, Raffaele Marinov, Irina Palter, Jaime B. Sarmiento, Jorge L. Galbraith, Eric D. Slater, Richard D. TI Response of the Ocean Natural Carbon Storage to Projected Twenty-First-Century Climate Change SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN ANNULAR MODE; CIRCULATION MODELS; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; MESOSCALE EDDIES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PART I; HEMISPHERE; DIOXIDE; WATER; CYCLE AB The separate impacts of wind stress, buoyancy fluxes, and CO2 solubility on the oceanic storage of natural carbon are assessed in an ensemble of twentieth- to twenty-first-century simulations, using a coupled atmosphere-ocean-carbon cycle model. Time-varying perturbations for surface wind stress, temperature, and salinity are calculated from the difference between climate change and preindustrial control simulations, and are imposed on the ocean in separate simulations. The response of the natural carbon storage to each perturbation is assessed with novel prognostic biogeochemical tracers, which can explicitly decompose dissolved inorganic carbon into biological, preformed, equilibrium, and disequilibrium components. Strong responses of these components to changes in buoyancy and winds are seen at high latitudes, reflecting the critical role of intermediate and deep waters. Overall, circulation-driven changes in carbon storage are mainly due to changes in buoyancy fluxes, with wind-driven changes playing an opposite but smaller role. Results suggest that climate-driven perturbations to the ocean natural carbon cycle will contribute 20 Pg C to the reduction of the ocean accumulated total carbon uptake over the period 1860-2100. This reflects a strong compensation between a buildup of remineralized organic matter associated with reduced deep-water formation (+96 Pg C) and a decrease of preformed carbon (-116 Pg C). The latter is due to a warming-induced decrease in CO2 solubility (-52 Pg C) and a circulation-induced decrease in disequilibrium carbon storage (-64 Pg C). Climate change gives rise to a large spatial redistribution of ocean carbon, with increasing concentrations at high latitudes and stronger vertical gradients at low latitudes. C1 [Bernardello, Raffaele; Marinov, Irina] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environ Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Palter, Jaime B.] McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. [Sarmiento, Jorge L.; Slater, Richard D.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Galbraith, Eric D.] McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. RP Bernardello, R (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environ Sci, Hayden Hall,240 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM braf@sas.upenn.edu RI Galbraith, Eric/F-9469-2014; OI Galbraith, Eric/0000-0003-4476-4232; Bernardello, Raffaele/0000-0003-4923-1582 FU NOAA [NOAA-NA10OAR4310092]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); Carbon Mitigation Initiative (CMI) project at Princeton University; Ford Motor Company FX RB, IM, and RS were sponsored by NOAA Grant NOAA-NA10OAR4310092. JBP was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC). EG was supported by the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) and NSERC. This work was partially supported by the Carbon Mitigation Initiative (CMI) project at Princeton University, sponsored by BP and Ford Motor Company. The authors want to thank Prof. Pierre Friedlingstein and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript and Anna Cabre for assistance with MLR calculations. NR 81 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 27 IS 5 BP 2033 EP 2053 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00343.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB3KO UT WOS:000331689900016 ER PT J AU Ryan, JP McManus, MA Kudela, RM Artigas, ML Bellingham, JG Chavez, FP Doucette, G Foley, D Godin, M Harvey, JBJ Marin, R Messie, M Mikulski, C Pennington, T Py, F Rajan, K Shulman, I Wang, Z Zhang, Y AF Ryan, J. P. McManus, M. A. Kudela, R. M. Artigas, M. Lara Bellingham, J. G. Chavez, F. P. Doucette, G. Foley, D. Godin, M. Harvey, J. B. J. Marin, R., III Messie, M. Mikulski, C. Pennington, T. Py, F. Rajan, K. Shulman, I. Wang, Z. Zhang, Y. TI Boundary influences on HAB phytoplankton ecology in a stratification-enhanced upwelling shadow SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Algal blooms; Coastal oceanography; Coastal upwelling; Molecular biology ID AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE; NORTHERN MONTEREY BAY; PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA-AUSTRALIS; DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION; SAMPLE PROCESSOR ESP; RED TIDE; HARMFUL ALGAE; DINOFLAGELLATE BLOOMS; REMOTE DETECTION; DIATOM BLOOM AB Coastal marine ecosystems are profoundly influenced by processes that originate from their boundaries. These include fluid boundaries with the atmosphere, oceanic boundary currents and terrestrial aquatic systems, as well as solid boundaries with the seafloor and coast. Phytoplankton populations transfer complexly interacting boundary influences into the biosphere. In this contribution, we apply data from an ocean observing and modeling system to examine boundary influences driving phytoplankton ecology in Monterey Bay, CA, USA. The study was focused on species that may cause harmful algal blooms (HABs). During September-October 2010, autonomous molecular analytical devices were moored at two locations characterized by different degrees of stratification and exposure to upwelling dynamics. The time-series revealed multiple transitions in local HAB phytoplankton communities, involving diatoms (Pseudo-nitzschia spp.), dinoflagellates (Alexandrium catenella), and raphidophytes (Heterosigma akashiwo). Observational and model results showed that the biological transitions were closely related to environmental changes that resulted from a variety of boundary processes responses of oceanic circulation to wind forcing, influxes of different water types that originated outside the bay, and emergence of strongly stratified nearshore water into the greater bay. Boundary processes were further implicated at patch scales. High-resolution mapping and sampling of a phytoplankton-enriched patch were conducted in a Lagrangian framework using autonomous underwater vehicles. These highly resolved measurements showed that small-scale spatial patterns in the toxicity of Pseudo-nitzschia populations were related to the coupling of resuspended sediments from the bottom boundary layer to the surface mixed layer. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ryan, J. P.; Bellingham, J. G.; Chavez, F. P.; Godin, M.; Harvey, J. B. J.; Marin, R., III; Messie, M.; Pennington, T.; Py, F.; Zhang, Y.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [McManus, M. A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kudela, R. M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Artigas, M. Lara] CSIC, Inst Ciencias Mar, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. [Doucette, G.; Wang, Z.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Foley, D.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Shulman, I.] Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Ryan, JP (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM ryjo@mbari.org RI Messie, Monique/K-2022-2012 OI Messie, Monique/0000-0002-4985-3413 FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Naval Research Laboratory (NRL); National Science Foundation [0925916] FX This work was supported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) project "Bio-optical studies of predictability and assimilation in the coastal environment (BIOSPACE), and the National Science Foundation-funded "Lateral mixing and dispersion on the inner shelf" (LatMix) program (Award 0925916 MAM). We thank the MBARI ESP team for the development, preparation and deployment of the ESP instruments and probe arrays: C. Scholin, J. Birch, C. Preston, E. Demir-Hilton, N. Alvarado, B. Roman, S. Jensen, and D. Pargett. The work of J. Harvey was supported by the lab of R. Vrijenhoek. Tethys AUV operations were supported by T. Hoover, B. Hobson, and B. Kieft. Dorado AUV operations were supported by H. Thomas, D. Conlin, D. Thompson and the crew of the R/V Zephyr, and Dorado data processing was supported by M. McCann. We thank B. Teague and H. Wijesekera for providing glider data. I.S. thanks P. Sakalaukus and S. Anderson for assistance with modeling and data analysis. J. Lewis assisted in the extraction of pDA samples. J. Sevadjian provided the SeaHorse profiler data. Drifter operations and ship-based mapping were supported by C. Wahl, M. Blum, G. Friederich, and L. Beatman. Experiment planning and execution were aided by members of the Ocean Decision Support System (ODSS) team: J. Das, T. Maughan, M. McCann, and R. Graham. K. Fulton-Bennett assisted with preparation of Fig. 2. NR 73 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 101 SI SI BP 63 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.01.017 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AE6XQ UT WOS:000334141700006 ER PT J AU Krakauer, NY Li, HB Fan, Y AF Krakauer, Nir Y. Li, Haibin Fan, Ying TI Groundwater flow across spatial scales: importance for climate modeling SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE groundwater; water budget; hydrology; land surface; climate ID WATER-TABLE DYNAMICS; LAND-SURFACE MODELS; REPRESENTATION; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; RECHARGE; IMPACTS; SYSTEM; DEPTH; STATE AB Current regional and global climate models generally do not represent groundwater flow between grid cells as a component of the water budget. We estimate the magnitude of between-cell groundwater flow as a function of grid cell size by aggregating results from a numerical model of equilibrium groundwater flow run and validated globally. We find that over a broad range of cell sizes spanning that of state-of-the-art regional and global climate models, mean between-cell groundwater flow magnitudes scale with the reciprocal of grid cell length. We also derive this scaling a priori from a simple statistical model of a flow network. We offer operational definitions of `significant' groundwater flow contributions to the grid cell water budget in both relative and absolute terms (between-cell flow magnitude exceeding 10% of local recharge or 10 mm y(-1), respectively). Groundwater flow is a significant part of the water budget, as measured by a combined test requiring both relative and absolute significance, over 42% of the land area at 0.1 degrees grid cell size (typical of regional and mesoscale models), decreasing to 1.5% at 1 degrees (typical of global models). Based on these findings, we suggest that between-cell groundwater flow should be represented in regional and mesoscale climate models to ensure realistic water budgets, but will have small effects on water exchanges in current global models. As well, parameterization of subgrid moisture heterogeneity should include the effects of within-cell groundwater flow. C1 [Krakauer, Nir Y.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Krakauer, Nir Y.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Li, Haibin; Fan, Ying] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Krakauer, NY (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM nkrakauer@ccny.cuny.edu FU NOAA [NA11SEC4810004, NA12OAR4310084]; EPA [STAR-RD834190]; National Science Foundation FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from NOAA under grants NA11SEC4810004 and NA12OAR4310084 and from EPA under grant STAR-RD834190. Computation used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) supported by US National Science Foundation (NSF-OCI-1053575) and the Climate Simulation Laboratory at NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation and other agencies. All statements made are the views of the authors and not the opinions of the funders or government. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 26 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR 034003 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/9/3/034003 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE5ZO UT WOS:000334068000006 ER PT J AU Liousse, C Assamoi, E Criqui, P Granier, C Rosset, R AF Liousse, C. Assamoi, E. Criqui, P. Granier, C. Rosset, R. TI Explosive growth in African combustion emissions from 2005 to 2030 SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE anthropogenic combustion emissions; present; future scenarios; combustion aerosol; gases ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; CARBONACEOUS AEROSOLS; GASES; STABILIZATION; POLLUTANTS; SCENARIOS; CHARCOAL; COSTS; MODEL AB Emissions of gases and particles from the combustion of fossil fuels and biofuels in Africa are expected to increase significantly in the near future due to the rapid growth of African cities and megacities. There is currently no regional emissions inventory that provides estimates of anthropogenic combustion for the African continent. This work provides a quantification of the evolution of African combustion emissions from 2005 to 2030, using a bottom-up method. This inventory predicts very large increases in black carbon, organic carbon, CO, NOx, SO2 and non-methane hydrocarbon emissions if no emission regulations are implemented. This paper discusses the effectiveness of scenarios involving certain fuels, specific to Africa in each activity sector and each region (western, eastern, northern and southern Africa), to reduce the emissions. The estimated trends in African emissions are consistent with emissions provided by global inventories, but they display a larger range of values. African combustion emissions contributed significantly to global emissions in 2005. This contribution will increase more significantly by 2030: organic carbon emissions will for example make up 50% of the global emissions in 2030. Furthermore, we show that the magnitude of African anthropogenic emissions could be similar to African biomass burning emissions around 2030. C1 [Liousse, C.; Rosset, R.] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. [Assamoi, E.] Univ Felix Houphouet Boigny Cocody, Lab Phys Atmosphere & Mecan Fluides, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. [Criqui, P.] Univ Pierre Mendes France, Grenoble, France. [Granier, C.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS INSU, LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France. [Granier, C.] NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Granier, C.] CU CIRES, Boulder, CO USA. [Granier, C.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. RP Liousse, C (reprint author), Univ Toulouse, CNRS, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. EM lioc@aero.obs-mip.fr RI Granier, Claire/D-5360-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Granier, Claire/0000-0001-7344-7995; NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 20 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR 035003 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/9/3/035003 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE5ZO UT WOS:000334068000024 ER PT J AU Du, XN Peterson, WT AF Du, Xiuning Peterson, William T. TI Seasonal Cycle of Phytoplankton Community Composition in the Coastal Upwelling System Off Central Oregon in 2009 SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Upwelling; Seasonality; Phytoplankton; Community structure; Oregon Coast ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; SHORT-TERM VARIABILITY; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; SPECIES COMPOSITION; TRANSITION ZONE; ANCHOR STATION; BIOMASS; WASHINGTON; DYNAMICS AB Coastal upwelling in the northern California Current varies seasonally, with downwelling in winter and upwelling in summer, resulting in pronounced variability in hydrography, nutrients, phytoplankton biomass, and species composition. Winter was characterized by moderate concentrations of nitrate and silicate (averages of 10 and 18 mu M, respectively) and low concentrations of chlorophyll a (Chl a). During the upwelling season, concentrations of the same nutrients ranged from near 0 mu M to approximately 27 and 43 mu M and Chl a 0.5 < x < 15 mu g L-1. During autumn, upwelling weakened and nutrient concentrations were reduced, but large phytoplankton blooms continued to occur. Variations in hydrography, nutrients, and phytoplankton also occurred within the upwelling season due to alternation of the winds between northerly (active upwelling) and southerly (relaxation of upwelling), on a 5- to 10-day time scale. Eleven blooms were observed, most of which occurred near the end of active upwelling events and during relaxation of upwelling. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination of species composition of the microplankton revealed four distinct communities: a winter community, early upwelling and late upwelling season communities, and an autumn community. Diatoms (Asterionellopsis glacialis, Eucampia zodiacus, and several Chaetoceros, Thalassiosira, and Pseudo-nitzschia species) dominated early in the upwelling season, averaging 80 % of the phytoplankton biomass, and dinoflagellates dominated near the end of the upwelling season, averaging 68 % of the phytoplankton biomass. Dinoflagellates formed two monospecific blooms-Prorocentrum gracile in late summer and Akashiwo sanguinea in autumn. Changes in community composition were correlated with bottom temperature and salinity (representing seasonal variability) and sea surface salinity (representing within-season event-scale variability in upwelling). C1 [Du, Xiuning] Ocean Univ China, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Du, Xiuning] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resource Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Du, Xiuning] Chinese Acad Fishery Sci, East China Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Shanghai 200090, Peoples R China. [Peterson, William T.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Du, XN (reprint author), Chinese Acad Fishery Sci, East China Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Shanghai 200090, Peoples R China. EM xiuningdu@gmail.com FU China Scholarship Council; NOAA/MERHAB [NH07NOS4780195]; NOAA/CAMEO FX We thank Tracy Shaw (TS), Jay Peterson (JP), Jennifer Menkel, and Captain Mike on the Elakha for collecting the samples, TS for samples collected during a killer whale survey cruise, Cheryl Morgan for sampling during juvenile salmonid surveys, JP for processing the CTD data, TS for processing the chlorophyll samples, Joe Jennings for running the nutrient samples, and Jennifer Fisher for comments on the data analysis. This study was supported by the China Scholarship Council who sponsored the study abroad for Xiuning Du; the NOAA/MERHAB 2007 program project NH07NOS4780195 (MOCHA) and the NOAA/CAMEO programs supported some of the data collection and analyses. NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAR PY 2014 VL 37 IS 2 BP 299 EP 311 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9679-z PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AE7II UT WOS:000334170400004 ER PT J AU Fuentes, S Wikfors, GH Meseck, S AF Fuentes, Soledad Wikfors, Gary H. Meseck, Shannon TI Silicon Deficiency Induces Alkaline Phosphatase Enzyme Activity in Cultures of Four Marine Diatoms SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Alkaline phosphatase; Phosphate; Silicon; ELF-97 ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; THALASSIOSIRA-PSEUDONANA; CYLINDROTHECA-FUSIFORMIS; PERIDINIUM-GATUNENSE; BONE MINERALIZATION; INORGANIC-PHOSPHATE; LIMITATION; PHOSPHORUS; PHYTOPLANKTON; METABOLISM AB Alkaline phosphatase (AP) was detected using ELF-97A (R) in silicon-starved Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries cells; thus, we tested two, alternative hypotheses: Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries has a high phosphate demand, showing signs of phosphate deficiency even when concentrations of orthophosphate are high, or silicate deficiency can stimulate the AP enzyme in this species. We also studied the effect of silicon deficiency on AP in three other common marine diatoms: Thalassiosira pseudonana, Nitzschia pusilla, and Nitschia closterium. Each of the species tested showed a different pattern of AP regulation. AP levels, however, increased in the four diatoms as a result of silicon deficiency, suggesting that AP may be involved in a variety of intracellular processes related to silicon deficiency. Additionally, the results of this study indicate that AP could be stimulated by stressors other than phosphate deficiency, such as silicon deficiency; therefore, it should be used cautiously as an indicator of phosphate limitation. C1 [Fuentes, Soledad; Wikfors, Gary H.; Meseck, Shannon] NOAA, Dept Commerce, NMFS, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Fuentes, Soledad] Algenol Biofuels, Ft Myers, FL 33912 USA. RP Meseck, S (reprint author), NOAA, Dept Commerce, NMFS, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM Shannon.Meseck@noaa.gov FU NOAA Aquaculture Program through the National Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship Program FX We thank Jennifer H. Alix and Kimberly Dickinson, for their assistance during the experiment. This worked was supported by the NOAA Aquaculture Program through the National Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship Program. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAR PY 2014 VL 37 IS 2 BP 312 EP 324 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9695-z PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AE7II UT WOS:000334170400005 ER PT J AU Vincent, RE Burdick, DM Dionne, M AF Vincent, Robert E. Burdick, David M. Dionne, Michele TI Ditching and Ditch-Plugging in New England Salt Marshes: Effects on Plant Communities and Self-Maintenance SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Tidal marsh; Creek; Pool; Vegetation; Sea level; Hydrologic management ID SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; SURFACE-TOPOGRAPHY; TIDAL RESTORATION; GAS-EXCHANGE; GROWTH; LOUISIANA; HYDROPERIOD; PATENS; VEGETATION; DIVERSITY AB Salt marsh plant communities are regulated by feedback processes involving hydrologic regimes, disturbance, and marsh physical characteristics, and as expected differ among habitat types. Using three barrier beach salt marshes along the Gulf of Maine, we examined the effects of ditching and ditch-plugging on plant characteristics by means of comparisons to natural creek and pool habitats. Results indicated that ditch and creek habitats were similar in terms of species richness and diversity of emergent vascular plants, but cover and biomass were significantly higher in habitat adjacent to creeks. Plant composition in ditch habitat was distinguished by the higher percentage of forb species (associated with poor drainage), while the proportion of tall-form Spartina alterniflora was much higher in creek habitat (associated with sloping banks of creeks). These results are indicative of differences in hydrologic and disturbance regimes that can influence competitive and facilitative interactions, habitat structure, and heterogeneity. Results for pool comparisons indicated that plant characteristics were significantly different between ditch-plug and natural pools. Species richness, diversity, and biomass were significantly lower in ditch-plug habitat compared with all other habitats, and plant cover averaged only 30 % in habitat adjacent to ditch-plugs, which was significantly lower than all other habitats. These differences have ecological implications in terms of habitat structure and function of ditch-plug habitat. In addition, increased stress leading to plant dieback due to ditch-plugging has resulted in subsidence that can decrease the stability of ditch-plug habitat and expedite the loss of salt marsh habitat, especially with rising sea levels. C1 [Vincent, Robert E.; Burdick, David M.] Univ New Hampshire, Jackson Estuarine Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Dionne, Michele] Wells Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Wells, ME 04090 USA. RP Vincent, RE (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Serv, 55 Great Republic Dr, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. EM robert.vincent@noaa.gov NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAR PY 2014 VL 37 IS 2 BP 354 EP 368 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9671-7 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AE7II UT WOS:000334170400008 ER PT J AU Froehlich, HE Essington, TE Beaudreau, AH Levin, PS AF Froehlich, Halley E. Essington, Timothy E. Beaudreau, Anne H. Levin, Phillip S. TI Movement Patterns and Distributional Shifts of Dungeness Crab (Metacarcinus magister) and English Sole (Parophrys vetulus) During Seasonal Hypoxia SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Distributional shifts; Hypoxia; Dungeness crab; English sole; Hood Canal; Estuary ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; CANCER-MAGISTER; EPISODIC HYPOXIA; BLUE CRABS; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; HABITAT DEGRADATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB Hypoxia (dissolved oxygen < 2 mg L-1) has emerged as a worldwide threat to coastal and estuarine ecosystems. Beyond direct mortality, secondary ecological impacts caused by hypoxia-driven distributional shifts may be equally important. From July-November 2009 and June-September 2010, we quantified the movement patterns of Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister) and English sole (Parophrys vetulus) in Hood Canal, Washington USA, a seasonally hypoxic estuary. Although highly mobile (mean cumulative distance +/- SD = 11.0 +/- 25.6 km, N = 60), there was little evidence of either species exhibiting large-scale directional movement out of the hypoxic region. However, Dungeness crab showed significant shifts towards shallower waters and elevation in activity in the hypoxic region, potentially increasing their vulnerability to crabbing and other indirect ecological consequences. Our findings suggest hypoxia could have a more localized impact on the mobile fauna in Hood Canal. However, more detailed information concerning the local-scale oxygen dynamics and responses of these species, such as English sole vertical movement, is essential for grasping the population and community level effects of hypoxia. C1 [Froehlich, Halley E.; Essington, Timothy E.; Beaudreau, Anne H.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Froehlich, HE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM hefroehl@uw.edu; essing@uw.edu; abeaudreau@alaska.edu FU US Navy; NOAA; NSF; Washington Sea Grant; University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences Research FX Our appreciation goes to Nolan Grose and Frank Stevick for their involvement in both years of rigorous data collection. Additionally, we are grateful for the numerous volunteer divers who assisted us in the field. We are also deeply indebted to Kelly Andrews and others from the NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center for their collaboration on the project. We also thank the Skokomish Tribe for their cooperation and assistance on the project. Thank you to the ORCA project for data used in our analysis. ORCA is funded primarily by the US Navy, NOAA, and NSF. The manuscript was greatly improved by comments from Charles 'Si' Simenstad and P. Sean McDonald. This research was funded by Washington Sea Grant and the University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences Research for this study was conducted in accordance with institutional, national, and international guidelines regarding the use of animals in research. NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAR PY 2014 VL 37 IS 2 BP 449 EP 460 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9676-2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AE7II UT WOS:000334170400015 ER PT J AU Guzewich, SD Wilson, RJ McConnochie, TH Toigo, AD Banfield, DJ Smith, MD AF Guzewich, Scott D. Wilson, R. John McConnochie, Timothy H. Toigo, Anthony D. Banfield, Donald J. Smith, Michael D. TI Thermal tides during the 2001 Martian global-scale dust storm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Mars; global dust storm; tides; waves ID RADIO OCCULTATION MEASUREMENTS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; TES NADIR DATA; MGS TES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; DATA ASSIMILATION; TRAVELING-WAVES; MARS; ATMOSPHERE; ACCELEROMETER AB The 2001 (Mars Year 25) global dust storm radically altered the dynamics of the Martian atmosphere. Using observations from the Thermal Emission Spectrometer onboard the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft and MarsWRF general circulation model simulations, we examine the changes to thermal tides and planetary waves caused by the storm. We find that the extratropical diurnal migrating tide is dramatically enhanced during the storm, particularly in the southern hemisphere, reaching amplitudes of more than 20K. The tropical diurnal migrating tide is weakened to almost undetectable levels. The diurnal Kelvin waves are also significantly weakened, particularly during the period of global expansion at L-s=200 degrees-210 degrees. In contrast, the westward propagating diurnal wavenumber 2 tide strengthens to 4-8K at altitudes above 30km. The wavenumber 1 stationary wave reaches amplitudes of 10-12K at 50 degrees-70 degrees N, far larger than is typically seen during this time of year. The phase of this stationary wave and the enhancement of the diurnal wavenumber 2 tide appear to be responses to the high-altitude westward propagating equatorial wavenumber 1 structure in dust mixing ratio observed during the storm in previous works. This work provides a global picture of dust storm wave dynamics that reveals the coupling between the tropics and high-latitude wave responses. We conclude that the zonal distribution of thermotidal forcing from atmospheric aerosol concentration is as important to understanding the atmospheric wave response as the total global mean aerosol optical depth. Key Points The zonal distribution of dust forcing is key to understanding wave response The zonal wavenumber 1 pattern of dust forcing is the key mechanism High-latitude wave response is coupled to that of the tropics C1 [Guzewich, Scott D.; Smith, Michael D.] NASA, Goddard Spaceflight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wilson, R. John] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [McConnochie, Timothy H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Toigo, Anthony D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Banfield, Donald J.] Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Guzewich, SD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Spaceflight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM scott.d.guzewich@nasa.gov OI Banfield, Don/0000-0003-2664-0164; Guzewich, Scott/0000-0003-1149-7385 FU NASA Postdoctoral Program fellowship FX Guzewich was supported by a NASA Postdoctoral Program fellowship. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAR PY 2014 VL 119 IS 3 BP 506 EP 519 DI 10.1002/2013JE004502 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AF1AN UT WOS:000334446800008 ER PT J AU Llovet, X Powell, CJ Salvat, F Jablonski, A AF Llovet, Xavier Powell, Cedric J. Salvat, Francesc Jablonski, Aleksander TI Cross Sections for Inner-Shell Ionization by Electron Impact SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE Auger emission; Bethe asymptotic formula; cross sections; distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA); electron-impact ionization; relativistic plane wave Born approximation ( PWBA); x-ray emission. ID X-RAY-PRODUCTION; L-SUBSHELL IONIZATION; HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; WAVE BORN CALCULATIONS; ATOMIC ENERGY LEVELS; THICK-TARGET METHOD; K-SHELL; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; FLUORESCENCE YIELDS; INELASTIC-SCATTERING AB An analysis is presented of measured and calculated cross sections for inner- shell ionization by electron impact. We describe the essentials of classical and semiclassical models and of quantum approximations for computing ionization cross sections. The emphasis is on the recent formulation of the distorted-wave Born approximation by Bote and Salvat [Phys. Rev. A 77, 042701 ( 2008)] that has been used to generate an extensive database of cross sections for the ionization of the K shell and the L and M subshells of all elements from hydrogen to einsteinium (Z 1 to Z = 99) by electrons and positrons with kinetic energies up to 1 GeV. We describe a systematic method for evaluating cross sections for emission of x rays and Auger electrons based on atomic transition probabilities from the Evaluated Atomic Data Library of Perkins et al. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, UCRL-ID-50400, 1991]. We made an extensive comparison of measured K- shell, Lsubshell, and M-subshell ionization cross sections and of La x-ray production cross sections with the corresponding calculated cross sections. We identified elements for which there were at least three (for K shells) or two (for L and M subshells) mutually consistent sets of cross-section measurements and for which the cross sections varied with energy as expected by theory. The overall average root-mean-square deviation between the measured and calculated cross sections was 10.9% and the overall average deviation was -2.5%. This degree of agreement between measured and calculated ionization and x- ray production cross sections was considered to be very satisfactory given the difficulties of these measurements. (C) 2014 by the U. S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. C1 [Llovet, Xavier] Univ Barcelona, Ctr Cient, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Llovet, Xavier] Univ Barcelona, Ctr Tecnol, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Powell, Cedric J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Salvat, Francesc] Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis ECM & ICC, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Jablonski, Aleksander] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. RP Llovet, X (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Ctr Cient, Lluis Sole & Sabaris 1-3, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. EM xavier@ccit.ub.edu RI Llovet, Xavier/D-2058-2016; Salvat, Francesc/F-8255-2016 OI Llovet, Xavier/0000-0002-6716-6174; Salvat, Francesc/0000-0002-6162-8841 FU Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia; ERDF [FPA2009-14091-C02-01]; AGAUR, Generalitat de Catalunya [SGR 2009-276]; National Science Center in Poland [DEC-2011/01/B/ST4/00959] FX We are deeply indebted to David Bote for his work in the development of the theory and computer programs, and also for preparing the numerical database. Thanks are also due to Francesc Salvat-Pujol for programming the graphical interface of the database, and to David Liljequist, Jose M. Fernandez-Varea, and Michael Dingfelder for critically reading the manuscript. Financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia and ERDF (Project No. FPA2009-14091-C02-01) and from AGAUR, Generalitat de Catalunya (Grant No. SGR 2009-276) is gratefully acknowledged. One of the authors (A.J.) would like to acknowledge support by the research project of the National Science Center in Poland, No. DEC-2011/01/B/ST4/00959. NR 284 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 43 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 EI 1529-7845 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD MAR PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1 AR 013102 DI 10.1063/1.4832851 PG 105 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA AE8WT UT WOS:000334284400002 ER PT J AU Richardson, IA Leachman, JW Lemmon, EW AF Richardson, I. A. Leachman, J. W. Lemmon, E. W. TI Fundamental Equation of State for Deuterium SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE deuterium; equation of state; normal deuterium; orthodeuterium; paradeuterium; thermodynamic properties ID I EXPERIMENTAL-DETERMINATION; 2ND VIRIAL-COEFFICIENT; VAPOR-PRESSURES; HYDROGEN ISOTOPES; HEAVY HYDROGEN; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; BOILING POINT; DEGREES K; LIQUID; SOUND AB World utilization of deuterium is anticipated to increase with the rise of fusion- energy machines such as ITER and NIF. We present a new fundamental equation of state for the thermodynamic properties of fluid deuterium. Differences between thermodynamic properties of orthodeuterium, normal deuterium, and paradeuterium are described. Separate ideal-gas functions were fitted for these separable forms together with a single real-fluid residual function. The equation of state is valid from the melting line to a maximum pressure of 2000 MPa and an upper temperature limit of 600 K, corresponding to available experimental measurements. The uncertainty in predicted density is 0.5% over the valid temperature range and pressures up to 300 MPa. The uncertainties of vapor pressures and saturated liquid densities are 2% and 3%, respectively, while speed-of-sound values are accurate to within 1% in the liquid phase. (C) 2014 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. C1 [Richardson, I. A.; Leachman, J. W.] Washington State Univ, HYdrogen Properties Energy Res HYPER Lab, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Lemmon, E. W.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Leachman, JW (reprint author), Washington State Univ, HYdrogen Properties Energy Res HYPER Lab, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, POB 642920, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jacob.leachman@wsu.edu NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 EI 1529-7845 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD MAR PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1 AR 013103 DI 10.1063/1.4864752 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA AE8WT UT WOS:000334284400003 ER PT J AU Sykioti, EA Assael, MJ Huber, ML Perkins, RA AF Sykioti, E. A. Assael, M. J. Huber, M. L. Perkins, R. A. TI Publisher's Note: "Reference Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of.ethanol from the Triple Point to 660 K and up to 245 MPa" (vol 42, 043101,2013) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Correction C1 [Sykioti, E. A.; Assael, M. J.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. [Huber, M. L.; Perkins, R. A.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Huber, ML (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM marcia.huber@nist.gov RI Assael, Marc/K-5545-2012 OI Assael, Marc/0000-0003-1221-6899 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 EI 1529-7845 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD MAR PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA AE8WT UT WOS:000334284400006 ER PT J AU Verevkin, SP Emel'yanenko, VN Diky, V Muzny, CD Chirico, RD Frenkel, M AF Verevkin, S. P. Emel'yanenko, V. N. Diky, V. Muzny, C. D. Chirico, R. D. Frenkel, M. TI New Group-Contribution Approach to Thermochemical Properties of Organic Compounds: Hydrocarbons and Oxygen-Containing Compound (vol 42, 033102, 2013) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Correction C1 [Verevkin, S. P.; Emel'yanenko, V. N.] Univ Rostock, Dept Phys Chem, D-18059 Rostock, Germany. [Diky, V.; Muzny, C. D.; Chirico, R. D.; Frenkel, M.] NIST, Thermodynam Res Ctr, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Verevkin, SP (reprint author), Univ Rostock, Dept Phys Chem, Dr Lorenz Weg 1, D-18059 Rostock, Germany. EM sergey.verevkin@uni-rostock.de NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 EI 1529-7845 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD MAR PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA AE8WT UT WOS:000334284400007 ER PT J AU Huang, BY Zhu, J Yang, HJ AF Huang, Boyin Zhu Jiang Yang Haijun TI Mechanisms of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation(AMOC) Variability in a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere GCM SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation; AMOC variability; coupled mode; and forcing mode ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; DECADAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MODEL; OSCILLATION; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATION; TRANSPORTS AB The mechanisms involved in the variability of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) are studied using a 2000-yr control simulation of the coupled Fast Ocean-Atmosphere Model (FOAM). This study identifies a coupled mode between SST and surface heat flux in the North Atlantic at the decadal timescale, as well as a forcing mode of surface heat flux at the interannual timescale. The coupled mode is regulated by AMOC through meridional heat transport. The increase in surface heating in the North Atlantic weakens the AMOC approximately 10 yr later, and the weakened AMOC in turn decreases SST and sea surface salinity. The decreased SST results in an increase in surface heating in the North Atlantic, thus forming a positive feedback loop. Meanwhile, the weakened AMOC weakens northward heat transport and therefore lowers subsurface temperature approximately 19 yr later, which prevents the AMOC from weakening. In the forcing mode, the surface heat flux leads AMOC by approximately 4 yr. C1 [Huang, Boyin] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Zhu Jiang; Yang Haijun] Peking Univ, Lab Climate & Ocean Atmosphere Studies, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Zhu Jiang; Yang Haijun] Peking Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Huang, BY (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM boyin.huang@noaa.gov OI Zhu, Jiang/0000-0002-0908-5130 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41176002] FX The authors wish to thank the two anonymous reviewers, whose constructive comments greatly improved the manuscript. HY and JZ were supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41176002). NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 18 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 EI 1861-9533 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 31 IS 2 BP 241 EP 251 DI 10.1007/s00376-013-3021-3 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE7LY UT WOS:000334180700001 ER PT J AU Woods, SI Jung, TM Sears, DR Yu, J AF Woods, S. I. Jung, T. M. Sears, D. R. Yu, J. TI Emissivity of silver and stainless steel from 80 K to 300 K: Application to ITER thermal shields SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE Cryogenic emissivity; Thermal shields; Emissivity of silver coatings; Radiation thermometry; Absolute cryogenic radiometer ID CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES; COPPER; RADIATION; SURFACES AB The emissivities of thermal shield mock-up samples for ITER have been measured at sample temperatures between 80 K and 300 K using an optical method employing a primary standard broadband detector. These thermal shields, made from SS304L stainless steel coated with silver, are designed to operate at 80 K, protecting the superconducting magnet system of the ITER reactor from higher temperature regions. Our results show that the silver coating of the thermal shields can have an emissivity as low as 0.0035 at 80 K, approximately ten times lower than the emissivity of the bare polished stainless steel plate. We demonstrate that the emissivity of different regions of a thermal shield assembly can be determined in a single measurement cycle, providing further emissivity data on the insulating spacer used to separate shield plates as well as emissivity data on a silver coating repair method. The temperature dependence of the emissivity for the silver coating agrees well with a theoretical estimate based on the Drude model including phonon and surface-assisted scattering. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Woods, S. I.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jung, T. M.; Sears, D. R.] Jung Res & Dev Corp, Washington, DC 20009 USA. [Yu, J.] ITER Org, F-13115 St Paul Les Durance, France. RP Woods, SI (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM solomon.woods@nist.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 EI 1879-2235 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD MAR-APR PY 2014 VL 60 BP 44 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2014.01.002 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA AE5AP UT WOS:000334000500007 ER PT J AU Nash, KL Allen, CR Angeler, DG Barichievy, C Eason, T Garmestani, AS Graham, NAJ Granholm, D Knutson, M Nelson, RJ Nystrom, M Stow, CA Sundstrom, SM AF Nash, Kirsty L. Allen, Craig R. Angeler, David G. Barichievy, Chris Eason, Tarsha Garmestani, Ahjond S. Graham, Nicholas A. J. Granholm, Dean Knutson, Melinda Nelson, R. John Nystroem, Magnus Stow, Craig A. Sundstrom, Shana M. TI Discontinuities, cross-scale patterns, and the organization of ecosystems SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body mass; competition; discontinuity hypothesis; extinction; function; hierarchy theory; invasion; multiple-scale analysis; nonlinear responses; regime shift; resilience ID BODY-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; HIERARCHICAL PATCH DYNAMICS; EARLY-WARNING SIGNALS; RELATIVE RESILIENCE; MASS DISTRIBUTIONS; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; BIRD COMMUNITIES; COMPLEX-SYSTEMS; CORAL-REEFS; ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE AB Ecological structures and processes occur at specific spatiotemporal scales, and interactions that occur across multiple scales mediate scale-specific (e.g., individual, community, local, or regional) responses to disturbance. Despite the importance of scale, explicitly incorporating a multi-scale perspective into research and management actions remains a challenge. The discontinuity hypothesis provides a fertile avenue for addressing this problem by linking measureable proxies to inherent scales of structure within ecosystems. Here we outline the conceptual framework underlying discontinuities and review the evidence supporting the discontinuity hypothesis in ecological systems. Next we explore the utility of this approach for understanding cross-scale patterns and the organization of ecosystems by describing recent advances for examining nonlinear responses to disturbance and phenomena such as extinctions, invasions, and resilience. To stimulate new research, we present methods for performing discontinuity analysis, detail outstanding knowledge gaps, and discuss potential approaches for addressing these gaps. C1 [Nash, Kirsty L.; Graham, Nicholas A. J.] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Angeler, David G.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Barichievy, Chris] Ithala Game Reserve, Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, ZA-3150 Louwsberg, South Africa. [Barichievy, Chris] Univ Witwatersrand, Ctr African Ecol, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Garmestani, Ahjond S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Granholm, Dean] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, MN 55437 USA. [Knutson, Melinda] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Nelson, R. John] Univ Victoria, Ctr Biomed Res, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada. [Nystroem, Magnus] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Resilience Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Sundstrom, Shana M.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Nash, KL (reprint author), James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM nashkirsty@gmail.com RI Graham, Nicholas/C-8360-2014; Nash, Kirsty/B-5456-2015; OI Nash, Kirsty/0000-0003-0976-3197; Sundstrom, Shana/0000-0003-0823-8008; Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855 FU United States Geological Survey's John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX This work arose from discussions at the Managing for Resilience Working Group, funded by the United States Geological Survey's John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency or the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. GLERL contribution number 1679. NR 124 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 95 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2014 VL 95 IS 3 BP 654 EP 667 DI 10.1890/13-1315.1 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AC8ZH UT WOS:000332823100014 PM 24804450 ER PT J AU Purcell, MK Hard, JJ Neely, KG Park, LK Winton, JR Elliott, DG AF Purcell, Maureen K. Hard, Jeffrey J. Neely, Kathleen G. Park, Linda K. Winton, James R. Elliott, Diane G. TI Genetic Variation in Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD) Susceptibility in Lake Michigan Chinook Salmon and Its Progenitor Population from the Puget Sound SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; TEMPERATURE; RESISTANCE; SEGREGATION; PREVALENCE; MANAGEMENT; CHALLENGE AB Mass mortality events in wild fish due to infectious diseases are troubling, especially given the potential for long-term, population-level consequences. Evolutionary theory predicts that populations with sufficient genetic variation will adapt in response to pathogen pressure. Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were introduced into Lake Michigan in the late 1960s from a Washington State hatchery population. In the late 1980s, collapse of the forage base and nutritional stress in Lake Michigan were thought to contribute to die-offs of Chinook Salmon due to bacterial kidney disease (BKD). Previously, we demonstrated that Lake Michigan Chinook Salmon from a Wisconsin hatchery have greater survival following BKD challenge relative to their progenitor population. Here, we evaluated whether the phenotypic divergence of these populations in BKD susceptibility was due to selection rather than genetic drift. Comparison of the overall magnitude of quantitative trait to neutral marker divergence between the populations suggested selection had occurred but a direct test of quantitative trait divergence was not significant, preventing the rejection of the null hypothesis of differentiation through genetic drift. Estimates of phenotypic variation (V-P ), additive genetic variation (V-A ) and narrow-sense heritability (h (2)) were consistently higher in the Wisconsin relative to the Washington population. If selection had acted on the Wisconsin population there was no evidence of a concomitant loss of genetic variation in BKD susceptibility. The Renibacterium salmoninarum exposures were conducted at both 14 degrees C and 9 degrees C; the warmer temperature accelerated time to death in both populations and there was no evidence of phenotypic plasticity or a genotype-by-environment (G x E) interaction. High h (2) estimates for BKD susceptibility in the Wisconsin population, combined with a lack of phenotypic plasticity, predicts that future adaptive gains in BKD resistance are still possible and that these adaptive gains would be stable under the temperature range evaluated here. Received October 21, 2013; accepted October 24, 2013 C1 [Purcell, Maureen K.; Winton, James R.; Elliott, Diane G.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hard, Jeffrey J.; Neely, Kathleen G.; Park, Linda K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Purcell, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 Northeast 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mpurcell@usgs.gov OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 FU Great Lakes Fisheries Trust [2008.966]; U.S. Geological Survey; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Service FX Funding for this study was provided by the Great Lakes Fisheries Trust (Project 2008.966), U.S. Geological Survey, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Service. The authors acknowledge James C. Woodson, Samantha Badil, Taylor Alton, Rachel L. Thompson, Connie McKibben, Carla Conway, Orlay Johnson, and Jim Myers for assistance. Fish were provided by Susan Marcquenski (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources) and Mike Wilson (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife). Doug Marsh and Brian Beckman (Northwest Fisheries Science Center) kindly provided PIT tags for use in this study. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of Commerce, or National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 37 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 EI 1548-8667 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 26 IS 1 BP 9 EP 18 DI 10.1080/08997659.2013.860061 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA AE3JW UT WOS:000333873800002 PM 24689954 ER PT J AU Zhou, WY Held, IM Garner, ST AF Zhou, Wenyu Held, Isaac M. Garner, Stephen T. TI Parameter Study of Tropical Cyclones in Rotating Radiative-Convective Equilibrium with Column Physics and Resolution of a 25-km GCM SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Radiative-convective equilibrium; Tropical cyclones; Climate models ID LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; PART I; STATISTICAL EQUILIBRIUM; POTENTIAL INTENSITY; HURRICANE FORMATION; MODEL; PREDICTABILITY; CLIMATOLOGY; SIMULATIONS; TURBULENCE AB Rotating radiative-convective equilibrium is studied by extracting the column physics of a mesoscale-resolution global atmospheric model that simulates realistic hurricane frequency statistics and then coupling it to rotating hydrostatic dynamics in doubly periodic domains. The parameter study helps in understanding the tropical cyclones simulated in the global model and also provides a reference point for analogous studies with cloud-resolving models.The authors first examine the sensitivity of the equilibrium achieved in a large square domain (2 x 10(4) km on a side) to sea surface temperature, ambient rotation rate, and surface drag coefficient. In such a large domain, multiple tropical cyclones exist simultaneously. The size and intensity of these tropical cyclones are investigated.The variation of rotating radiative-convective equilibrium with domain size is also studied. As domain size increases, the equilibrium evolves through four regimes: a single tropical depression, an intermittent tropical cyclone with widely varying intensity, a single sustained storm, and finally multiple storms. As SST increases or ambient rotation rate f decreases, the sustained storm regime shifts toward larger domain size. The storm's natural extent in large domains can be understood from this regime behavior.The radius of maximum surface wind, although only marginally resolved, increases with SST and increases with f for small f when the domain is large enough. These parameter dependencies can be modified or even reversed if the domain is smaller than the storm's natural extent. C1 [Zhou, Wenyu] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Held, Isaac M.; Garner, Stephen T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Zhou, WY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM wenyuz@princeton.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0006841]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Cooperative Institute for Climate Science [NA08OAR4320752] FX The authors thank Ming Zhao and Shian-Jiann Lin for making HiRAM available. We also thank Bruce Wyman for his work in configuring the doubly periodic model. Wenyu Zhou is partly supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Award DE-SC0006841 and partly by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Cooperative Institute for Climate Science under Award NA08OAR4320752. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 71 IS 3 BP 1058 EP 1069 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0190.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB6VO UT WOS:000331927800012 ER PT J AU Doctor, K Berejikian, B Hard, JJ VanDoornik, D AF Doctor, Katy Berejikian, Barry Hard, Jeffrey J. VanDoornik, Don TI Growth-Mediated Life History Traits of Steelhead Reveal Phenotypic Divergence and Plastic Response to Temperature SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Review ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; CALIFORNIA CENTRAL COAST; ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; CHINOOK SALMON; GENETIC ARCHITECTURE; FOOD-CONSUMPTION AB Growth-mediated early life history traits affect an individual's fitness and reflect both evolutionary adaptations and phenotypic responses to environmental conditions. We tested for phenotypic plasticity of growth-mediated life history traits between and within two depressed populations of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss from Hood Canal, Washington. We conducted a reciprocal transplant "common garden" experiment at two temperature regimes and measured individual growth rate, condition factor, proportion of age-1 smolts and proportion of age-1 mature males. We found phenotypic plasticity in growth rate, condition factor, and proportion of age-1 smolts in both populations, demonstrating that genotype-temperature interaction plays an important role in determining phenotypic expression of growth and development. Growth rates were highest in the warm temperature treatment for both populations. More Dewatto River individuals smolted in their first year than Duckabush River individuals, which is consistent with data from the natural populations and provides evidence for phenotypic divergence in this life history trait. However, direct tests of neutrality provided no evidence that this divergence had resulted from diversifying selection, suggesting instead that the divergence may be largely plastic. All age-1 mature males were observed in the warm temperature treatments for both populations, indicating that temperature plays a large role in determining age-1 male maturation under these conditions. Broad-sense heritability estimates for growth rate, condition factor, and smolts at age-1 were generally high, revealing the potential opportunity for selection to act on these traits in both populations. Understanding the effect of temperature on life history differences between populations is important for management decisions and conservation, including anticipating responses to changing environmental conditions. Received July 3, 2013; accepted September 23, 2013 C1 [Doctor, Katy; Berejikian, Barry; VanDoornik, Don] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. [Hard, Jeffrey J.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Doctor, K (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, 7305 East Beach Dr, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. EM katy.doctor@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NOAA NWFSC) FX Funding for this research was provided by the Internal Grants Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NOAA NWFSC) in 2010. This project was conducted in collaboration with the Hood Canal Steelhead Project (NOAA NWFSC). Field collection of steelhead eggs in the Dewatto and Duckabush Rivers was completed with the help of Teresa Sjostrom and Sean Hildebrandt (formally with Hood Canal Salmon Enhancement Group), Joy Lee-Waltermire and Rick Endicott (Long Live the Kings), and Megan Moore (NOAA NWFSC). Steelhead eggs were incubated and hatched at the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Quilcene National Fish Hatchery under the direction of Dan Magnusen and Paul Kaiser. Juvenile steelhead were raised at Long Live the King's Lilliwaup Hatchery for the duration of the experiment with the help of Joy Lee-Waltermire and Rick Endicott. Assistance with tank design and construction was provided by Rob Endicott, Jeff Atkins, and Rick Endicott. Data collection assistance was provided by Megan Moore, Rob Endicott, and Joy Lee-Waltermire. Statistical guidance and advice was provided by Eric Ward (NOAA NWFSC). Markku Karhunen and Otso Ovaskainen (University of Helsinki) gave helpful advice on the Fst and Qst analyses. Megan Moore provided technical assistance in creating Figure 1. Helpful advice was provided by Gary Winans (NOAA NWFSC). Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors and are not intended to represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service with which the authors are affiliated. NR 104 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 35 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 143 IS 2 BP 317 EP 333 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.849617 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AE3NI UT WOS:000333882800001 ER PT J AU Conrath, CL Tribuzio, CA Goldman, KJ AF Conrath, Christina L. Tribuzio, Cindy A. Goldman, Kenneth J. TI Notes on the Reproductive Biology of Female Salmon Sharks in the Eastern North Pacific Ocean SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LAMNA-DITROPIS; AUSTRALIA; GROWTH AB Little is known about the reproductive biology of the Salmon Shark Lamna ditropis from the eastern North Pacific Ocean. Female Salmon Shark specimens were collected from Alaskan waters in the summer, autumn, and winter to examine reproductive seasonality, the reproductive interval, fecundity, and embryonic development. Female Salmon Sharks were found to ovulate during the autumn months of September and October, and those captured in July were either in a resting or postpartum state, indicating a short gestation time of 9-10 months. The presence of two mature reproductive states in both the summer and autumn months indicates a biennial reproductive cycle and a resting period of at least 14 months between parturition and ovulation. This study found mean fecundity was 3.88 pups per litter (n = 8; SE = 0.13), with the majority of pregnant Salmon Sharks having a fecundity of four sharks per litter. These results provide new information on the reproductive biology of Salmon Sharks and will aid in the development of stock assessments for this species. Received June 26, 2013; accepted October 24, 2013 C1 [Conrath, Christina L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div,Kodiak L, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Tribuzio, Cindy A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Goldman, Kenneth J.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Homer, AK 99603 USA. RP Conrath, CL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div,Kodiak L, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM christina.conrath@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 143 IS 2 BP 363 EP 368 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.862179 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AE3NI UT WOS:000333882800005 ER PT J AU Berejikian, BA Bush, RA Campbell, LA AF Berejikian, Barry A. Bush, Richard A. Campbell, Lance A. TI Maternal Control over Offspring Life History in a Partially Anadromous Species, Oncorhynchus mykiss SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; RESIDENT RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; SEXUAL-MATURATION; PARTIAL MIGRATION; STEELHEAD TROUT; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC-DIVERGENCE; BROOK CHARR AB Environmental variability among freshwater habitats may influence migratory decisions in partially anadromous salmonids through (1) proximate effects on individual fish development and condition and (2) longer-term genetic adaptations of populations to the various environments. However, the relative importance of the two factors has been difficult to sort out. We used the gonadosomatic index as an indicator of maturation-and therefore residency-in age-1 and age-2 parr collected from eight partially anadromous Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow Trout/steelhead) populations occupying a diversity of freshwater habitats. Substantial environmental variability among the eight Hood Canal (Washington) streams had little effect on life history pathways in male and female offspring of anadromous females (hereafter, ANAD parr), with the exception of significantly higher maturation rates in male ANAD parr from one population (Little Quilcene River). Between 0% and 8% of the female ANAD parr had initiated maturation, whereas 33% (Duckabush River) or 53% (Hamma Hamma River) maturation was observed among the female offspring of resident females (hereafter, RES parr) in the two populations with substantial resident components. The results indicate strong maternal control over offspring life history pathways in systems where resident and anadromous forms are sympatric. The RES parr that were collected above and below barriers to anadromy showed similar likelihoods of maturation. The expression of residency and anadromy in Hood Canal populations appears to reflect genetic adaptations to the diverse freshwater habitats (including the effects of O. mykiss sequestered above anadromy barriers) and, to some degree, the phenotypically plastic responses of male parr to the environmental variability among streams. Received July 26, 2013; accepted October 29, 2013 C1 [Berejikian, Barry A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Manchester, WA 98366 USA. [Bush, Richard A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Reg Off, Protected Resources Div, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. [Campbell, Lance A.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Berejikian, BA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98366 USA. EM barry.berejikian@noaa.gov NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 143 IS 2 BP 369 EP 379 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.862181 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AE3NI UT WOS:000333882800006 ER PT J AU Brown, JS Domanski, PA AF Brown, J. Steven Domanski, Piotr A. TI Review of alternative cooling technologies SO APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Absorption; Desiccant; Cooling technologies; Magnetic refrigerator; Thermoacoustics; Thermoelectricity ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MAGNETIC REFRIGERATOR; CYCLE; SYSTEM; PERFORMANCE; DESICCANT; DEVICES; BUTANE AB This paper provides an update on alternative cooling technologies in the context of a report by Fischer et al. [2], which contains an extensive assessment of "not-in-kind" technologies including their state-of-the-art, development issues, and potentials to replace vapor compression equipment. After nearly 20 years, it is now of interest to update the status of alternative technologies considering regulatory actions aimed at refrigerants with high global warming potential. Several technologies are considered with sorption cooling, desiccant cooling, magnetic cooling, thermoacoustic cooling, thermoelectric cooling, and transcritical CO2 being discussed in some detail. For each technology we present its physical principle, a brief summary of the findings of Fischer et al., the technological advancements since their study leading to the current state-of-the-art, and our assessment as to the potential of each technology to enter the market as a supplement to or replacement of vapor compression equipment in the next 20 year period. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brown, J. Steven] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Mech Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Domanski, Piotr A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brown, JS (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Mech Engn, 620 Michigan Ave NE, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM brownjs@cua.edu RI Brown, J. Steven/F-9841-2011 OI Brown, J. Steven/0000-0003-4914-7778 NR 50 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 58 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-4311 J9 APPL THERM ENG JI Appl. Therm. Eng. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 64 IS 1-2 BP 252 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.12.014 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mechanics GA AE2AZ UT WOS:000333777000027 ER PT J AU Blickley, TM Matson, CW Vreeland, WN Rittschof, D Di Giulio, RT McClellan-Green, PD AF Blickley, T. Michelle Matson, Cole W. Vreeland, Wyatt N. Rittschof, Daniel Di Giulio, Richard T. McClellan-Green, Patricia D. TI Dietary CdSe/ZnS quantum dot exposure in estuarine fish: Bioavailability, oxidative stress responses, reproduction, and maternal transfer SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Engineered nanoparticles; Quantum dots; Fundulus heteroclitus; Bioavailability; Oxidative stress; Maternal transfer ID LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; RAINBOW-TROUT; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; IN-VITRO; FATHEAD MINNOWS; ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION AB Continued development, use, and disposal of quantum dots (QDs) ensure their entrance into aquatic environments where they could pose a risk to biological organisms as whole nanoparticles or as degraded metal constituents. Reproductive Fundulus heteroclitus were fed a control diet with lecithin, diets containing 1 or 10 mu,g of lecithin-encapsulated CdSe/ZnS QD/day, or a diet containing 5.9 mu g CdCl2/day for 85 days. Cadmium concentrations in liver, intestine, and eggs were quantified with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. In fish fed 10 mu g QD/day, QDs or their degradation products traversed the intestinal epithelia and accumulated in the liver. Less than 0.01% of the QD's cadmium was retained in the liver or intestinal tissues. This compares to 0.9% and 0.5% of the cadmium in the intestine and liver, respectively of fish fed a CdCl2 diet. Cadmium was also detected in the eggs from parents fed 10 mu g QD/day. No significant changes in hepatic total glutathione, lipid peroxidation, or expression of genes involved in metal metabolism or oxidative stress were observed. While QDs in the diet are minimally bioavailable, unusual levels of vitellogenin transcription in male fish as well as declining fecundity require further investigation to determine if endocrine disruption is of environmental concern. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Blickley, T. Michelle; Rittschof, Daniel] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Blickley, T. Michelle; Matson, Cole W.; Rittschof, Daniel; Di Giulio, Richard T.] Duke Univ, Integrated Toxicol & Environm Hlth Program, Durham, NC USA. [Matson, Cole W.; Di Giulio, Richard T.] Duke Univ, Ctr Environm Implicat NanoTechnol CEINT, Durham, NC USA. [Vreeland, Wyatt N.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McClellan-Green, Patricia D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [McClellan-Green, Patricia D.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC USA. RP Blickley, TM (reprint author), Dow AgroSci LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. EM TMBlickley@dow.com; Cole_Matson@baylor.edu; vreeland@nist.gov; ritt@duke.edu; richd@duke.edu; pdmcciel@ncsu.edu RI Matson, Cole/F-7992-2010 OI Matson, Cole/0000-0002-6472-9357 FU National Science Foundation; Environmental Protection Agency under NSF Cooperative Agreement [EF-0830093]; Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT); Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Doctoral Fellowship; Procter Gamble Company FX We thank Dr. R. David Holbrook of the National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, MD for performing the ESEM/EDX and confocal microscopy. This work was conducted with assistance from the Oak Foundation, Duke University Marine Laboratory, and NC State University Center for Marine Sciences and Technology (CMAST). This research was also partially supported by the National Science Foundation and the Environmental Protection Agency under NSF Cooperative Agreement EF-0830093, Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT) (CM, RD). Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or the Environmental Protection Agency. This work has not been subjected to EPA review and no official endorsement should be inferred. T.M. Blickley was supported by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Doctoral Fellowship, sponsored by the Procter & Gamble Company. NR 92 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 148 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.12.021 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA AD8DH UT WOS:000333496200004 PM 24440963 ER PT J AU Haynie, AC AF Haynie, Alan C. TI Changing usage and value in the Western Alaska Community Development Quota (CDQ) program SO FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Catch shares; Communities; Fisheries; Fishery management; Tradable permits ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; CATCH SHARES; MARKETS; ITQS AB An important element in the U.S. management of fisheries in the North Pacific is the existence of Community Development Quotas (CDQs) which grant community corporations the right to fish in many fisheries off the coast of Alaska. The eastern Bering Sea pollock fishery is the largest of these fisheries, with 10 % of the quota allocated to CDQs. The CDQ program evolved from a partial catch share program that existed from 1992 to 1999 within a limited-entry fishery to a full catch share program with separate spatial rights. In this paper I examine the temporal and spatial uses of CDQ rights and how these uses have changed since the implementation of catch shares throughout the fishery. I also discuss the dispersion of CDQ royalties since the program's inception and examine the prices of CDQ fishing rights from 1992 to 2005 when data on quota value were reported to the government. I compare quota prices to information about walleye pollock fishing and examine the evolving use of CDQ rights. The use of the CDQ right has changed from extending the season to enabling fishing in otherwise closed areas during the season. The number of vessels fishing with CDQ rights has declined substantially, with all pollock CDQ fishing now done by at-sea processors. C1 NOAA, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Haynie, AC (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM alan.haynie@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries Office of Science and Technology FX I appreciate the assistance of Sally Bibb, Steve Whitney, and Obren Davis of the NOAA Fisheries Alaska Regional Office. With financial assistance from the NOAA Fisheries Office of Science and Technology, Edwin Wong assisted with data organization while he was a University of Washington graduate student. Terry Hiatt and Angie Greig at the AFSC also assisted with data organization and visualization. Ron Felthoven and Dan Lew (AFSC) provided helpful comments on a draft of the paper. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 0919-9268 EI 1444-2906 J9 FISHERIES SCI JI Fish. Sci. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 80 IS 2 BP 181 EP 191 DI 10.1007/s12562-014-0723-0 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AD9VU UT WOS:000333613500009 ER PT J AU Pitkanen, L Sontag-Strohm, T Kanerva, P AF Pitkanen, Leena Sontag-Strohm, Tuula Kanerva, Paivi TI Enhanced separation and characterization of gluten polymers by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation coupled with multiple detectors SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation; Wheat proteins; Gluten; Molar mass ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT SUBUNITS; WHEAT PROTEINS; STORAGE PROTEINS; SEC-MALLS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; CONFORMATION AB Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AsFlFFF) coupled with refractive index (RI) and multi-angle light scattering (MALS) detectors was used for macromolecular characterization of four different industrial wheat protein preparations (native, enzymatically hydrolyzed, physically separated, and denatured). The fractionation conditions were optimized separately for each protein sample and molar masses were determined from RI and MALS signals. Decaying cross-flow gradient seemed to produce best results for most of the gluten samples in terms of resolution and sample recovery. Sonication of the samples enabled the solubilization of the high-molar mass components with molar mass ranging from 8 x 10(6) to 3.5 x 10(8) g/mol. In case of lower-molar mass glutenins (alpha-gliadins, omega-gliadins, and high molecular weight glutenin subunits), AsFlFFF results were also compared with the results obtained with capillary gel electrophoresis. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pitkanen, Leena; Sontag-Strohm, Tuula; Kanerva, Paivi] Univ Helsinki, Dept Food & Environm Sci, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Pitkanen, L (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,MS8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM leena.m.pitkanen@helsinki.fi; paivi.kanerva@evira.fi NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 EI 1095-9963 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 59 IS 2 BP 126 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2013.11.009 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA AE2DF UT WOS:000333782800004 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, L Lin, CYC AF Pfeiffer, Lisa Lin, C. -Y. Cynthia TI Does efficient irrigation technology lead to reduced groundwater extraction? Empirical evidence SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Irrigation efficiency; Groundwater; Water conservation; Agriculture; Aquifer; Irrigation technology; Rebound effect ID LAND QUALITY; HIGH-PLAINS; WATER CONSERVATION; VARIABLES; ADOPTION; SYSTEMS; CORN; UNCERTAINTY; CONSUMPTION; POLICIES AB Encouraging the use of more efficient irrigation technology is often viewed as an effective, politically feasible method to reduce the consumptive use of water for agricultural production. Despite its pervasive recommendation, it is not clear that increasing irrigation efficiency will lead to water conservation in practice. In this paper, we evaluate the effect of a widespread conversion from traditional center pivot irrigation systems to higher efficiency dropped-nozzle center pivot systems that has occurred in western Kansas. State and national cost-share programs subsidized the conversion. On an average, the intended reduction in groundwater use did not occur; the shift to more efficient irrigation technology has increased groundwater extraction, in part due to shifting crop patterns. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Pfeiffer, Lisa] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Lin, C. -Y. Cynthia] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lin, CYC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lisa.pfeiffer@noaa.gov; cclin@primal.ucdavis.edu RI Lin Lawell, C.-Y. Cynthia/M-6342-2014 OI Lin Lawell, C.-Y. Cynthia/0000-0003-1014-2101 NR 53 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0095-0696 EI 1096-0449 J9 J ENVIRON ECON MANAG JI J.Environ.Econ.Manage. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 67 IS 2 BP 189 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.jeem.2013.12.002 PG 20 WC Business; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AD8CG UT WOS:000333493500007 ER PT J AU Schloesser, DW Robbins, JA Matisoff, G Nalepa, TF Morehead, NR AF Schloesser, Don W. Robbins, John A. Matisoff, Gerald Nalepa, Thomas F. Morehead, Nancy R. TI A 200 year chronology of burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia spp.) in Saginaw Bay SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mayflies; Mayfly tusks; Saginaw Bay; Chronology; Radionuclides; Lake Huron ID WESTERN LAKE-ERIE; MUSSEL DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; ZEBRA MUSSEL; HURON; POPULATION; SEDIMENTS; COMMUNITY; PB-210; CS-137 AB After an absence of 50 years, burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia spp.) colonized western Lake Erie which led to interest in whether this fauna can be used to measure recovery in nearshore waters throughout the Great Lakes. However, in many areas we do not know if mayflies were native/endemic and thus, whether recovery is a logical measure to assess progress of recovery. In the present study, we construct a chronologic record of relative abundance of burrowing mayflies in Saginaw Bay by the use of mayfly tusks and radionuclides in sediments (i.e., a paleoecologic record) and historic records of mayfly nymphs in the bay. These records reveal that mayflies: (1) were few before 1799, which indicates that nymphs were probably native/endemic in the bay, (2) increased between 1799 and 1807 and remained at relatively high levels between 1807 and 1965, probably in response to increased nutrient run-off from the watershed, (3) declined dramatically between 1965 and 1973, probably as a result of excessive eutrophication in the mid-1950s; and, (4) were few and highly variable between 1973 and 2001, probably as a result of low and unstable abundances of mayfly nymphs. Historic records verify that nymphs disappeared in the bay in the late-1950s to early-1960s which is in agreement with the paleoecologic record. Reoccurrence of low abundances of nymphs in the bay between 1991 and 2008 and comparison of chronologic records of nymphs in Saginaw Bay and western Lake Erie suggest that mayflies may return to Saginaw Bay in the early-21st century. Undoubtedly, watershed conservation and three decades of pollution abatement have set the stage for a recovery of burrowing mayflies in Saginaw Bay, and possibly in other areas of the Great Lakes. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Schloesser, Don W.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Robbins, John A.; Nalepa, Thomas F.; Morehead, Nancy R.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Matisoff, Gerald] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Schloesser, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dschloesser@usgs.gov; drjarobbins@gmail.com; gerald.matisoff@case.edu OI Morehead, Nancy/0000-0003-3859-3035 NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 40 IS 1 BP 80 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.12.016 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AD8XN UT WOS:000333549100009 ER PT J AU Liu, H Fogarty, MJ Hare, JA Hsieh, CH Glaser, SM Ye, H Deyle, E Sugihara, G AF Liu, Hui Fogarty, Michael J. Hare, Jonathan A. Hsieh, Chih-hao Glaser, Sarah M. Ye, Hao Deyle, Ethan Sugihara, George TI Modeling dynamic interactions and coherence between marine zooplankton and fishes linked to environmental variability SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Copepods; Fish populations; Environmental variability; Dynamic interactions; Ecosystem dynamics ID ECOLOGICAL TIME-SERIES; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; GEORGES-BANK; ECOSYSTEM; FLUCTUATIONS; CLIMATE; BIODIVERSITY; POPULATION; COMMUNITY; ABUNDANCE AB The dynamics of marine fishes are closely related to lower trophic levels and the environment. Quantitatively understanding ecosystem dynamics linking environmental variability and prey resources to exploited fishes is crucial for ecosystem-based management of marine living resources. However, standard statistical models typically grounded in the concept of linear system may fail to capture the complexity of ecological processes. We have attempted to model ecosystem dynamics using a flexible, nonparametric class of nonlinear forecasting models. We analyzed annual time series of four environmental indices, 22 marine copepod taxa, and four ecologically and commercially important fish species during 1977 to 2009 on Georges Bank, a highly productive and intensively studied area of the northeast U.S. continental shelf ecosystem. We examined the underlying dynamic features of environmental indices and copepods, quantified the dynamic interactions and coherence with fishes, and explored the potential control mechanisms of ecosystem dynamics from a nonlinear perspective. We found: (I) the dynamics of marine copepods and environmental indices exhibiting clear nonlinearity; (2) little evidence of complex dynamics across taxonomic levels of copepods; (3) strong dynamic interactions and coherence between copepods and fishes; and (4) the bottom-up forcing of fishes and top-down control of copepods coexisting as target trophic levels vary. These findings highlight the nonlinear interactions among ecosystem components and the importance of marine zooplankton to fish populations which point to two forcing mechanisms likely interactively regulating the ecosystem dynamics on Georges Bank under a changing environment. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Hui] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Fogarty, Michael J.] NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Hsieh, Chih-hao] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Glaser, Sarah M.] Univ Denver, Korbel Sch Int Studies, Denver, CO 80210 USA. [Ye, Hao; Deyle, Ethan; Sugihara, George] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hsieh, Chih-hao] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Taipei 106, Taiwan. RP Liu, H (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. EM liuh@tamug.edu RI Hsieh, Chih-hao/B-3797-2008; OI Hsieh, Chih-hao/0000-0001-5935-7272; Ye, Hao/0000-0002-8630-1458 FU CAMEO; National Science Foundation; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX We thank scientists who participated in the NEFSC Marine Resources Monitoring, Assessment, and Prediction Program (MARMAP) surveys, Ecosystem Monitoring (EcoMon) surveys and NEFSC bottom trawl surveys for collection of zooplankton and fish samples at sea as well as the Polish Plankton Sorting and Identification Center. This study was supported by a CAMEO project jointly funded by the National Science Foundation and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 131 BP 120 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2013.12.003 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AD8FK UT WOS:000333501700010 ER PT J AU Debnath, R Ha, JY Wen, BM Paramanik, D Motayed, A King, MR Davydov, AV AF Debnath, Ratan Ha, Jong-Yoon Wen, Baomei Paramanik, Dipak Motayed, Abhishek King, Matthew R. Davydov, Albert V. TI Top-down fabrication of large-area GaN micro- and nanopillars SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; HIGH OPTICAL-QUALITY; NANOWIRE HETEROSTRUCTURES; BLUE; LASERS AB Large-area gallium nitride (GaN) micro-and nanopillar (NP) arrays were fabricated by plasma etching of lithographically patterned GaN thin-film grown on Si substrate. Deep-ultraviolet lithography, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching, and subsequent chemical treatments were effectively utilized to fabricate GaN pillars with diameters ranging from 250 nm to 10 mu m. The impact of various plasma etching process parameters and chemical etchants on the morphology, strain, and surface defects of these NPs were studied using scanning-electron microscopy, photoluminescence (PL), and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that the shape of the NPs can be controlled by the substrate temperature during the plasma etch and by using different gas chemistries. Room-temperature PL and Raman spectroscopy measurements revealed significant strain relaxation in 250 nm diameter pillars as compared to 10 mu m diameter pillars. PL measurement also indicated that the surface damage from the plasma etch can be removed by etching in KOH-ethylene glycol solution. Post-ICP selective wet chemical etch enabled us to fabricate functional structures such as micro-and nanodisks of GaN, which potentially could be utilized in nitride-based resonators and lasers. (C) 2014 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Debnath, Ratan; Ha, Jong-Yoon; Wen, Baomei; Paramanik, Dipak; Motayed, Abhishek; Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Debnath, Ratan; Wen, Baomei] N5 Sensors Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Ha, Jong-Yoon; Motayed, Abhishek] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [King, Matthew R.] Northrop Grumman ES, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. RP Motayed, A (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amotayed@umd.edu RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Debnath, Ratan/B-4678-2016; Debnath, Ratan/D-3629-2012 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; Debnath, Ratan/0000-0003-1343-7888; FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Basic Research Award [HDTRA1-10-1-0107]; NIST-ARRA Senior Fellowship at the University of Maryland, College Park FX The nanostructures were fabricated at the Nanofab clean room of the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. The University of Maryland portion of the work was partially supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Basic Research Award # HDTRA1-10-1-0107. One of the authors (R. D.) acknowledges the financial support through NIST-ARRA Senior Fellowship at the University of Maryland, College Park. Certain commercial equipment instruments or materials are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 52 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR PY 2014 VL 32 IS 2 AR 021204 DI 10.1116/1.4865908 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA AD9BW UT WOS:000333560600040 ER PT J AU Chan, V Clarke, R Squires, D AF Chan, Valerie Clarke, Raymond Squires, Dale TI Full retention in tuna fisheries: Benefits, costs and unintended consequences SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Catch retention; Purse seine; Longline; Tuna; Western and central Pacific Ocean ID LONGLINE FISHERY; INDIAN-OCEAN; BYCATCH; DISCARDS; MORTALITY; SECURITY; PACIFIC; CATCHES AB Several tuna regional fisheries management organizations (t-RFMOs) have adopted retention requirements for skipjack, bigeye and yellowfin tunas caught by purse seine vessels to reduce discards, create disincentives to catch small fish, and incentivize the development and adoption of more selective technologies. Although retention policies in the t-RFMOs have been limited to target tunas in purse seine fisheries, some have advocated for an expansion of those policies, and t-RFMOs could consider expanding retention policies to a greater number of species and/or to other gear types. This paper discusses the benefits and costs of broader retention policies for purse seine and longline tuna fisheries in the western and central Pacific Ocean (WCPO). Using bycatch data from observers and logbooks from the U.S. purse seine and longline fleets operating in the WCPO, this paper documents the types and magnitude of fish discarded. For the purse seine fishery, this information was used to estimate direct impacts of having to off-load at the initial point of landing in key Pacific Island ports. For the longline fishery, estimates of direct impacts were limited to Honolulu and Pago Pago, American Samoa, the two primary ports where U.S. catch is landed. Expanding retention policies beyond the target tunas and to other gear types would further reduce discarding and possibly provide stronger incentives to develop and use more selective techniques. Beyond impacts to the ecosystem and fisher behavior, adopting broader retention policies may have other implications, and this paper explores those implications on vessels, processors, and communities. In general, as is the case with most direct interventions on fishing operations, there will be both benefits and costs, and the magnitude of those impacts will depend on the scope and extent of any expanded retention policy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chan, Valerie; Clarke, Raymond] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Reg Off, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Chan, Valerie] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Environm Sci & Engn Program, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Squires, Dale] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Chan, V (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Reg Off, 1601 Kapiolani Blvd,Suite 1110, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM valerie.chan@noaa.gov; raymond.clarke@noaa.gov; dale.squires@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 45 BP 213 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2013.10.016 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA AD8ER UT WOS:000333499800026 ER PT J AU Squires, D Clarke, R Chan, V AF Squires, Dale Clarke, Raymond Chan, Valerie TI Subsidies, public goods, and external benefits in fisheries SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Fisheries subsidies; Public goods; External benefits; Tuna fisheries ID TECHNICAL CHANGE AB The fisheries subsidy discussion has largely overlooked the increased welfare for society from Pigouvian subsidies that increase the supply of and investment in public goods when there are external benefits and free riding. Important fisheries public goods and external benefits include knowledge associated with new technology for "target" species and "bycatch" reduction, research and development for new technology, and ecosystem services and biodiversity. Careful definition of subsidies also requires consideration of the counter-factual or what would have happened without the action to which the fishery "subsidy" is attributed. Subsidies in the Western and Central Pacific tuna fishery are evaluated according to these and other criteria. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Squires, Dale] US NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Clarke, Raymond; Chan, Valerie] US NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Reg Off, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP Squires, D (reprint author), US NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Dale.Squires@noaa.gov; Raymond.Clarke@noaa.gov; Valerie.Chan@noaa.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 45 BP 222 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2013.11.002 PG 6 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA AD8ER UT WOS:000333499800027 ER PT J AU Brousscau, DJ Goldberg, R Garza, C AF Brousscau, Diane J. Goldberg, Ronald Garza, Corey TI Impact of Predation by the Invasive Crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus on Survival of Juvenile Blue Mussels in Western Long Island Sound SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ASIAN SHORE CRAB; MYTILUS-EDULIS-L; LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; UNITED-STATES; PACIFIC CRAB; NEW-ENGLAND; MARINE; BIODIVERSITY; POPULATIONS AB Hemigrapsus sanguineus (Asian Shore Crab) has shown a remarkable ability to colonize rocky intertidal communities along the east coast of the United States since its introduction in the late 1980s and is an important predator of juvenile Mytilus edulis (Blue Mussel) in invaded habitats. In this study, we used two field-caging experiments and the Kaplan-Meier model to assess the impact of predation by Asian Shore Crab on the survival of juvenile Blue Mussels in an intertidal habitat of western Long Island Sound along the Connecticut coastline. Five treatment levels (high-density enclosure, low-density enclosure, exclosure, partial cage, and open plot) were used in the 2007 experiment. The high-density enclosure treatment was omitted in the 2010 experiment since there was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of mussels surviving between low- and high-density crab treatments in 2007. In 2007, we measured a statistically significant difference in mussel mortality between exclosure and crab-enclosure cages, with crabs lowering the median survival time for mussels front 15.4 to 7.6 days. In 2010, we again measured a statistically significant difference in mussel mortality between exclosure and crab-enclosure cages, suggesting a crab effect on mussel survival. In the 2010 experiment, approximately 25% of the mussel mortality was attributable to crab predation, which reduced median survival time for mussels from 12.8 to 5.6 days. The median survival time for mussels exposed to the full complement of factors affecting survival (open plots and partial cages) was only 2-3 days. Our study shows that predation by Asian crabs may account for up to 25% of the Blue Mussel mortality in the intertidal zone at Black Rock Harbor. Further studies focusing on the importance of other biotic and abiotic factors are needed to understand the apparent declines in Blue Mussel populations and the interannual variability in recruitment success in this area. C1 [Brousscau, Diane J.] Fairfield Univ, Dept Biol, Fairfield, CT 06824 USA. [Goldberg, Ronald] Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Garza, Corey] Calif State Univ, Div Sci & Environm Policy, Seaside, CA 93955 USA. RP Brousscau, DJ (reprint author), Fairfield Univ, Dept Biol, Fairfield, CT 06824 USA. EM brousseau@fairfield.edu NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 25 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PD MAR PY 2014 VL 21 IS 1 BP 119 EP 133 DI 10.1656/045.021.0110 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AE2KR UT WOS:000333802300021 ER PT J AU Malingowski, J Atkinson, D Fochesatto, J Cherry, J Stevens, E AF Malingowski, Julie Atkinson, David Fochesatto, Javier Cherry, Jessica Stevens, Eric TI An observational study of radiation temperature inversions in Fairbanks, Alaska SO POLAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Temperature inversion; Radiation balance; Arctic meteorology ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; AIR-TEMPERATURE AB A series of high resolution radiosonde launches were conducted over seven case-study days spanning spring 2009 and fall/winter 2010 during clear and calm nights at Fairbanks, Alaska to evaluate the effects of solar radiation, snow covered surfaces and low-level winds on the formation and evolution of surface-based temperature inversions (SBI). Transition seasons were selected because strong nighttime radiation cooling allows well-defined inversions to form while sufficient daytime solar heating allows the observation of dissipation processes in the sub-arctic latitudes. During the fall/winter period, co-located Doppler phased array acoustic soundings (SODAR) were carried out. The height of the SBI retrieved by radiosonde and SODAR did not differ more than 50 m. However, the SODAR profiles display a much more complex structure in the atmospheric boundary layer. Observations during this experiment demonstrated that the formation of the SBI is initiated by a rapid cooling at the surface followed by a steady columnar cooling and subsequent growth of the SBI depth overnight. (C) 2014 Elsevier BAT. and NIPR. All rights reserved. C1 [Malingowski, Julie; Stevens, Eric] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, WFO Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Malingowski, Julie; Atkinson, David; Fochesatto, Javier] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Coll Nat Sci & Math, Dept Atmospher Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Malingowski, Julie; Atkinson, David; Cherry, Jessica] UAF, IARC, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Atkinson, David] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. [Cherry, Jessica] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Northern Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Stevens, Eric] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geog Informat Network Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Cherry, J (reprint author), UAF, IARC, 930 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jcherry@iarc.uaf.edu OI Malingowski, Julie/0000-0002-7298-6388 FU NOAA [NA06OAR4600179]; UAF Center for Global Change Student Research Grant; International Arctic Research Center [NSF ARC-0652838]; NOAA's Student Career Employment Program; National Weather Service's COMET program; JAMSTEC (through its cooperative agreement with IARC); Fairbanks North Star Borough Air; Department of Environmental Conservation of Alaska FX The authors wish to thank Don Morton (UAF/Arctic Region Supercomputing Center), Eugene Petrescu (NWS/Anchorage), and Nicole Molders (UAF/Atmospheric Sciences) for fruitful discussions. Funding contributions to this project came from NOAA grant NA06OAR4600179 "Social Vulnerability of Alaska Communities to Climate Change". Funding was also supported in part by a UAF Center for Global Change Student Research Grant with funds from the International Arctic Research Center (NSF ARC-0652838), as well as from NOAA's Student Career Employment Program. Additional support came from the National Weather Service's COMET program and JAMSTEC (through its cooperative agreement with IARC). Wi-BLEx was supported by Fairbanks North Star Borough Air and the Department of Environmental Conservation of Alaska. The authors thank the comments from the two anonymous reviewers. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1873-9652 EI 1876-4428 J9 POLAR SCI JI Polar Sci. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 8 IS 1 BP 24 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.polar.2014.01.002 PG 16 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AE1GK UT WOS:000333717600003 ER PT J AU Krakauer, NY AF Krakauer, Nir Y. TI Economic Growth Assumptions in Climate and Energy Policy SO SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Article DE climate policy; energy policy; global warming; optimization; economic growth ID TECHNOLOGICAL-CHANGE; KUZNETS CURVE; CO2 EMISSIONS; STABILIZATION; FUTURE; RISK; RESOURCES; PATHWAY; MODEL AB The assumption that the economic growth seen in recent decades will continue has dominated the discussion of future greenhouse gas emissions and the mitigation of and adaptation to climate change. Given that long-term economic growth is uncertain, the impacts of a wide range of growth trajectories should be considered. In particular, slower economic growth would imply that future generations will be relatively less able to invest in emissions controls or adapt to the detrimental impacts of climate change. Taking into consideration the possibility of economic slowdown therefore heightens the urgency of reducing greenhouse gas emissions now by moving to renewable energy sources, even if this incurs short-term economic cost. I quantify this counterintuitive impact of economic growth assumptions on present-day policy decisions in a simple global economy-climate model (Dynamic Integrated model of Climate and the Economy (DICE)). In DICE, slow future growth increases the economically optimal present-day carbon tax rate and the utility of taxing carbon emissions, although the magnitude of the increase is sensitive to model parameters, including the rate of social time preference and the elasticity of the marginal utility of consumption. Future scenario development should specifically include low-growth scenarios, and the possibility of low-growth economic trajectories should be taken into account in climate policy analyses. C1 [Krakauer, Nir Y.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Krakauer, Nir Y.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Krakauer, NY (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM nkrakauer@ccny.cuny.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate and Global Change postdoctoral fellowship; NOAA [NA11SEC4810004, NA12OAR4310084] FX I am grateful to Steven Schneider and participants in the Dissertations Initiative for the Advancement of Climate Change Research (DISCCRS) III symposium and the 2009 Santa Fe Institute Global Sustainability Summer School for inspiration and valuable discussions; and to Maximillian Auffhammer, Inez Fung, Boris Fain, Zachary Subin, Alexander Stine and Margaret Torn for critical reviews and suggestions. This work was supported by a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate and Global Change postdoctoral fellowship and by NOAA grants NA11SEC4810004 and NA12OAR4310084. All statements made are the views of the author and not the opinions of the funders or the U.S. government. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 27 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2071-1050 J9 SUSTAINABILITY-BASEL JI Sustainability PD MAR PY 2014 VL 6 IS 3 BP 1448 EP 1461 DI 10.3390/su6031448 PG 14 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AE0SC UT WOS:000333675500018 ER PT J AU Hsieh, PY Bruno, TJ AF Hsieh, Peter Y. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Measuring Sulfur Content and Corrosivity of North American Petroleum with the Advanced Distillation Curve Method SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID RAY ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; SURROGATE MIXTURE MODEL; ROCKET PROPELLANTS RP-1; FUEL JET-A; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; DIESEL FUEL; AVIATION FUEL; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; HEAVY PETROLEUM AB Petroleum is a complex fluid whose sulfur content varies considerably depending on its place of origin. Sour crude petroleum, which contains more than 0.5% sulfur by mass, often requires additional processing due to the potential for corrosion and catalyst poisoning during refining. Estimating or measuring the sulfur content of distillate fractions as a function of boiling temperature is an important step in petroleum refining. The advanced distillation curve (ADC) method was developed to provide a composition-explicit data channel for the measurement of thermophysical and chemical properties of complex fluids. We applied the ADC method to a composite sample of North American petroleum to characterize its boiling temperature, density, and composition as a function of distillate volume fraction. The compositions of light distillate fractions were used to estimate their densities and refractive indices based on critically evaluated thermodynamic data. The estimated densities of the distillate fractions are consistent with pycnometry data. The sulfur content, measured with a sulfur chemiluminescence detector, was found to be within the range predicted by an empirical model based on distillate boiling temperature and density. The corrosivity of various distillate cuts was tested with a modified copper strip corrosion test. Copper tarnishing was found to depend not only on the amount of sulfur present but also on the temperature at which the fraction is collected. C1 [Hsieh, Peter Y.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, 325 Broadway,MS 647-07, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov RI Hsieh, Peter/F-5433-2012 OI Hsieh, Peter/0000-0001-9010-4863 FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST FX This research was performed while Peter Y. Hsieh held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST. We acknowledge the assistance of an oil company in providing the petroleum sample used in this study. For reasons of corporate confidentiality, we are unable to provide additional identifying information on the source of the crude oil. We acknowledge Dr. Katherine P. Rice at NIST for performing the X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy measurements and analysis. NR 86 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR PY 2014 VL 28 IS 3 BP 1868 EP 1883 DI 10.1021/ef402489c PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AD6OR UT WOS:000333381200031 ER PT J AU Hu, RQ Rong, B Wang, CG Qian, Y Chen, HH AF Hu, Rose Qingyang Rong, Bo Wang, Chonggang Qian, Yi Chen, Hsiao-Hwa TI SECURITY IN WIRELESS MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATIONS SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hu, Rose Qingyang] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Rong, Bo] Univ Quebec, ETS, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 2M3, Canada. [Wang, Chonggang] NEC Labs Amer, Princeton, NJ USA. [Wang, Chonggang] AT&T Labs Res, Florham Pk, NJ USA. [Wang, Chonggang] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Wang, Chonggang] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Qian, Yi] UNL, Dept Comp & Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE USA. [Qian, Yi] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Qian, Yi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Hu, RQ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM rosehu@ieee.org; bo.rong@ieee.org; cgwang@ieee.org; yqian@ieee.org; hshwchen@ieee.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0163-6804 EI 1558-1896 J9 IEEE COMMUN MAG JI IEEE Commun. Mag. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 52 IS 3 BP 56 EP 57 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AD2ZD UT WOS:000333105100008 ER PT J AU Oey, LY Chang, YL Lin, YC Chang, MC Varlamov, S Miyazawa, Y AF Oey, L. -Y. Chang, Y. -L. Lin, Y. -C. Chang, M. -C. Varlamov, S. Miyazawa, Y. TI Cross Flows in the Taiwan Strait in Winter* SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; Ageostrophic circulations; Coastal flows; Rossby waves; Stationary waves ID EAST CHINA SEA; CALANUS-SINICUS COPEPODA; COLD BOTTOM WATER; VOLUME TRANSPORT; YELLOW SEA; CURRENTS; OCEAN; MODEL; CIRCULATION; SATELLITE AB In winter, a branch of the China Coastal Current can turn in the Taiwan Strait to join the poleward-flowing Taiwan Coastal Current. The associated cross-strait flows have been inferred from hydrographic and satellite data, from observed abundances off northwestern Taiwan of cold-water copepod species Calanus sinicus and, in late March of 2012, also from debris found along the northwestern shore of Taiwan of a ship that broke two weeks earlier off the coast of China. The dynamics related to such cross flows have not been previously explained and are the focus of this study using analytical and numerical models. It is shown that the strait's currents can be classified into three regimes depending on the strength of the winter monsoon: equatorward (poleward) for northeasterly winds stronger (weaker) than an upper (lower) bound and cross-strait flows for relaxing northeasterly winds between the two bounds. These regimes are related to the formation of the stationary Rossby wave over the Changyun Ridge off midwestern Taiwan. In the weak (strong) northeasterly wind regime, a weak (no) wave is produced. In the relaxing wind regime, cross-strait currents are triggered by an imbalance between the pressure gradient and wind and are amplified by the finite-amplitude meander downstream of the ridge where a strong cyclone develops. C1 [Oey, L. -Y.; Lin, Y. -C.; Chang, M. -C.] Natl Cent Univ, Zhongli, Taiwan. [Oey, L. -Y.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Chang, Y. -L.] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Taipei, Taiwan. [Varlamov, S.; Miyazawa, Y.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. RP Oey, LY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 300 Forrestal Rd,114 Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM lyo@princeton.edu RI Miyazawa, Yasumasa/J-3196-2014; Varlamov, Sergey/C-7778-2016 OI Miyazawa, Yasumasa/0000-0002-0107-6272; Varlamov, Sergey/0000-0003-3179-0431 FU Taiwan's Foundation for the Advancement of Outstanding Scholarship; National Science Council; Ministry of Education; National Central University, Taiwan FX We thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments improved the manuscript. We thank Drs. Hwa Chien and K.-K. Liu (NCU) for informing us of the shipwreck incident, and Drs. Yan-Hua Zhang and Ping Chen for locating the accident site. LYO is grateful for the award from the Taiwan's Foundation for the Advancement of Outstanding Scholarship. The research is in part supported by the National Science Council, the Ministry of Education, and the National Central University, Taiwan. NR 57 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 44 IS 3 BP 801 EP 817 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-13-0128.1 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AC3MK UT WOS:000332425700015 ER PT J AU Chang, YL Oey, LY AF Chang, Y. -L. Oey, L. -Y. TI Instability of the North Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; Baroclinic flows; Eddies; Fronts; Stability; Variability; Interannual variability; Seasonal variability ID LINEAR BAROCLINIC INSTABILITY; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; OCEAN-CIRCULATION; LOOP CURRENT; EDDY FIELD; TAIWAN; SEA; CYCLOGENESIS; THERMOCLINE; TURBULENCE AB The North Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent (STCC) has a weak eastward velocity near the surface, but the region is populated with eddies. Studies have shown that the STCC is baroclinically unstable with a peak growth rate of 0.015 day(-1) in March, and the similar to 60-day growth time has been used to explain the peak eddy kinetic energy (EKE) in May observed from satellites. It is argued here that this growth time from previously published normal-mode instability analyses is too slow. Growth rates calculated from an initial-value problem without the normal-mode assumption are found to be 1.5 to 2 times faster and at shorter wavelengths, due to the existence of (i) nonmodal solutions and (ii) sea surface temperature front in the mixed layer in winter. At interannual time scales it is shown that because of rapid surface adjustments, the STCC geostrophic shear, hence also the instability growth, is approximately in phase with surface forcing, leading to EKE modulation that peaks approximately 10 months later. However, the EKE can only be partially explained by this mechanism of modulation by baroclinic instability. It is suggested that the unexplained variance may be caused additionally by modulation of the EKE by dissipation. C1 [Chang, Y. -L.] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Taipei, Taiwan. [Oey, L. -Y.] Natl Cent Univ, Zhongli, Taiwan. [Oey, L. -Y.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Oey, LY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 300 Forrestal Rd,114 SayreHall, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM lyo@princeton.edu FU National Science Council [NSC 101-2119-M-003-005, NSC 100-2119-M-008-036-MY3]; National Taiwan Normal University; Taiwan's Foundation for the Advancement of Outstanding Scholarship FX We thank two anonymous reviewers and Editor Mike Spall, whose comments improved the manuscript. YLC is supported by National Science Council under NSC 101-2119-M-003-005. Startup funding from National Taiwan Normal University is acknowledged. Support for LYO from Taiwan's Foundation for the Advancement of Outstanding Scholarship and the National Science Council under fund NSC 100-2119-M-008-036-MY3 is acknowledged. NR 57 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 44 IS 3 BP 818 EP 833 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-13-0162.1 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AC3MK UT WOS:000332425700016 ER PT J AU Melet, A Hallberg, R Legg, S Nikurashin, M AF Melet, Angelique Hallberg, Robert Legg, Sonya Nikurashin, Maxim TI Sensitivity of the Ocean State to Lee Wave- Driven Mixing SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; Diapycnal mixing; Internal waves; Models and modeling; Ocean models; Parameterization; Subgrid-scale processes ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; INTERNAL WAVES; DEEP-OCEAN; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; ABYSSAL CIRCULATION; SUBTROPICAL CELL; ROUGH TOPOGRAPHY; DRAKE PASSAGE; TIDAL ENERGY AB Diapycnal mixing plays a key role in maintaining the ocean stratification and the meridional overturning circulation (MOC). In the ocean interior, it is mainly sustained by breaking internal waves. Two important classes of internal waves are internal tides and lee waves, generated by barotropic tides and geostrophic flows interacting with rough topography, respectively. Currently, regarding internal wave-driven mixing, most climate models only explicitly parameterize the local dissipation of internal tides. In this study, the authors explore the combined effects of internal tide- and lee wave-driven mixing on the ocean state. A series of sensitivity experiments using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory CM2G ocean-ice-atmosphere coupled model are performed, including a parameterization of lee wave-driven mixing using a recent estimate for the global map of energy conversion into lee waves, in addition to the tidal mixing parameterization. It is shown that, although the global energy input in the deep ocean into lee waves (0.2 TW; where 1 TW = 10(12) W) is small compared to that into internal tides (1.4 TW), lee wave-driven mixing makes a significant impact on the ocean state, notably on the ocean thermal structure and stratification, as well as on the MOC. The vertically integrated circulation is also impacted in the Southern Ocean, which accounts for half of the lee wave energy flux. Finally, it is shown that the different spatial distribution of the internal tide and lee wave energy input impacts the sensitivity described in this study. These results suggest that lee wave-driven mixing should be parameterized in climate models, preferably using more physically based parameterizations that allow the internal lee wave-driven mixing to evolve in a changing ocean. C1 [Melet, Angelique; Hallberg, Robert; Legg, Sonya] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Hallberg, Robert] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Nikurashin, Maxim] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas, Australia. RP Melet, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM angelique.melet@noaa.gov RI Legg, Sonya/E-5995-2010; Nikurashin, Maxim/J-3506-2013 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0968721]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Department of Commerce [NA08OAR4320752] FX The authors thank Stephen Griffies, Alistair Adcroft, and Matthew Harrison for reviewing early versions of this manuscript. They also thank three anonymous reviewers as well as Eric Kunze for helpful comments leading to improvements in the manuscript. This work is a component of the Internal Wave-Driven Mixing Climate Process Team funded by the National Science Foundation Grant OCE-0968721 and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce Award NA08OAR4320752. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 73 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 44 IS 3 BP 900 EP 921 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-13-072.1 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AC3MK UT WOS:000332425700021 ER PT J AU Akhmedova-Azizova, LA Abdulagatov, IM AF Akhmedova-Azizova, Lala A. Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M. TI Thermal Conductivity of Aqueous CaCl2 Solutions at High Temperatures and High Pressures SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Aqueous solutions; Coaxial-cylinder technique; Calcium chloride; Thermal conductivity; Water ID APPARENT MOLAR VOLUMES; SODIUM-CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; 30 MPA; 573 K; ABSOLUTE MEASUREMENTS; STRONG ELECTROLYTES; NANO3 SOLUTIONS; SALT-SOLUTIONS; LII SOLUTIONS; VISCOSITY AB The thermal conductivities of four aqueous CaCl2 solutions of (5, 10, 15, and 20) mass% have been measured with a coaxial-cylinder (steady-state) technique. Measurements were performed in the temperature range from (293.15 to 573.15) K and at pressures up to 40 MPa. The expanded uncertainty of thermal conductivity, pressure, temperature, and concentration measurements at the 95 % confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 were estimated to be 2, 0.05 %, 30 mK, and 0.01 %, respectively. Isobaric temperature maxima of the measured thermal conductivities are found around 423 K. Existing thermal conductivity correlation models for aqueous salt solutions were examined using the measured results for CaCl2(aq). The measured thermal conductivity data are also compared with the reported data and the values calculated from various prediction techniques. The agreement between measured and predicted values of the thermal conductivity of CaCl2(aq) is within 0.3 %. A wide-ranging correlation model was developed using the measured thermal conductivity data and the new IAPWS formulation for the thermal conductivity of pure water. The average absolute deviation between the measured and calculated values of thermal conductivity is 0.21 %. C1 [Akhmedova-Azizova, Lala A.] Azerbaijan Tech Univ, Dept Ind Ecol & Ind Safety Properties Aqueous Sys, Baku, Azerbaijan. [Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M.] Russian Acad Sci, Geothermal Res Inst, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala 367003, Dagestan, Russia. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM akhmedova_la@yahoo.com; ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 72 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 EI 1572-8927 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 43 IS 3 BP 421 EP 444 DI 10.1007/s10953-014-0141-z PG 24 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AD3OS UT WOS:000333156100001 ER PT J AU Rubinson, KA AF Rubinson, Kenneth A. TI Small-Angle Neutron Scattering of Aqueous SrI2 Suggests a Mechanism for Ion Transport in Molecular Water SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ionic solution structure; SANS; Correlation length; Ion transport ID CUBIC LATTICE SYSTEMS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PARACRYSTALLINE DISTORTION; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; CONDUCTIVITY; LIQUIDS AB X-ray and neutron scattering have been used to provide insight into the structures of ionic solutions for over a century. Most of the structures discussed in the literature cover distances less than 8 . Outside that distance, single scattering bands have, however, been seen. For the non-hydrolyzing salt SrI2 in aqueous solution, a structure sufficient to scatter slow neutrons persists down to a concentration of at least 0.1 mol center dot L-1 at which the measured average distance between scatterers is over 18 . Over the concentration range of 1 to 0.1 mol center dot L-1, the full distribution of the distances between the scatterers remains within only about 10 , the size of an ion and its first hydration shell. This measurably correlated structure of the ions in the solution appears to hold because changes in hydration (and interior distances along any single spatial dimension) require displacements near the size of a water molecule. Together, these facts support a rotatory mechanism for simultaneous ion transport and water countertransport. A formula is presented for calculating the average, equally spaced interscatterer distance as a function of concentration. Using this relationship, the experimental results are interpreted as showing increasing ion association as the salt concentration is raised. C1 [Rubinson, Kenneth A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rubinson, Kenneth A.] Wright State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Rubinson, KA (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM rubinson@wright.edu FU NSF [DMR-0520547] FX Thanks are due for valuable discussions with John Barker, Craig Brown, Jack Douglas, Boualem Hammouda, Joseph Hubbard, Steve Kline, Susan Krueger, Yun Liu, and Dan Neumann. This work benefitted from SASView software, originally developed by the DANSE project under NSF award DMR-0520547. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 EI 1572-8927 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 43 IS 3 BP 453 EP 464 DI 10.1007/s10953-014-0148-5 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AD3OS UT WOS:000333156100003 ER PT J AU French, MM Bluestein, HB PopStefanija, I Baldi, CA Bluth, RT AF French, Michael M. Bluestein, Howard B. PopStefanija, Ivan Baldi, Chad A. Bluth, Robert T. TI Mobile, Phased-Array, Doppler Radar Observations of Tornadoes at X Band SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Tornadoes; Severe storms; Radars/Radar observations; Supercells; Field experiments ID 5 JUNE 2009; SEVERE CONVECTIVE STORMS; DUAL-DOPPLER; PART II; GOSHEN COUNTY; CYCLIC MESOCYCLOGENESIS; PRETORNADIC PHASE; VORTEX SIGNATURES; HIGH-RESOLUTION; SOUTH-DAKOTA AB A mobile, phased-array Doppler radar, the Mobile Weather Radar, 2005 X-band, Phased Array (MWR-05XP), has been used since 2007 to obtain data in supercells and tornadoes. Rapidly updating, volumetric data of tornadic vortex signatures (TVSs) associated with four tornadoes are used to investigate the time-height evolution of TVS intensity, position, and dissipation up through storm midlevels. Both TVS intensity and position were highly variable in time and height even during tornado mature phases. In one case, a TVS associated with a tornado dissipated aloft and a second TVS formed shortly thereafter while there was one continuous TVS near the ground. In a second case, the TVS associated with a long-lived, violent tornado merged with a second TVS (likely a second cyclonic tornado) causing the original TVS to strengthen. TVS dissipation occurred first at a height of ~1.5 km AGL and then at progressively higher levels in two cases; TVS dissipation occurred last in the lowest 1 km in three cases examined. Possible explanations are provided for the unsteady nature of TVS intensity and a conceptual model is presented for the initial dissipation of TVSs at ~1.5 km AGL. C1 [French, Michael M.; Bluestein, Howard B.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [PopStefanija, Ivan; Baldi, Chad A.] ProSensing Inc, Amherst, MA USA. [Bluth, Robert T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP French, MM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM michael.french@noaa.gov FU NSF [ATM-0637148, ATM-0934307] FX The authors thank Philip Chilson, Richard Doviak, and Alan Shapiro, who reviewed early drafts of this work within the first author's Ph.D. dissertation at the University of Oklahoma. Thanks also to Jeffrey Snyder, Alex Schenkman, Matthew Kumjian, Lou Wicker, Karen Kosiba, Yvette Richardson, David Nolan, and Curtis Alexander for useful discussions regarding the results of this research. The latter also provided significant computational assistance in the use of the DREADER software. We are grateful to Jana Houser, Paul Buczynski, Randy George, and the VORTEX2 crews, particularly Josh Wurman, David Dowell, and Erik Rasmussen for their assistance in data collection. Comments from Jim Marquis and two anonymous reviewers greatly enhanced this manuscript. This study was supported by NSF Grants ATM-0637148 and ATM-0934307. NR 55 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 142 IS 3 BP 1010 EP 1036 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00101.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB8PM UT WOS:000332052500004 ER PT J AU Johnson, A Wang, XG Xue, M Kong, FY Zhao, G Wang, YH Thomas, KW Brewster, KA Gao, JD AF Johnson, Aaron Wang, Xuguang Xue, Ming Kong, Fanyou Zhao, Gang Wang, Yunheng Thomas, Kevin W. Brewster, Keith A. Gao, Jidong TI Multiscale Characteristics and Evolution of Perturbations for Warm Season Convection-Allowing Precipitation Forecasts: Dependence on Background Flow and Method of Perturbation SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Precipitation; Ensembles; Cloud resolving models; Numerical weather prediction/forecasting; Spectral analysis/models/distribution ID HIERARCHICAL CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; CLOUD-RESOLVING MODELS; ENSEMBLE PREDICTION; PART I; QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION; MESOSCALE PREDICTABILITY; DATA ASSIMILATION; SPRING EXPERIMENT; COORDINATE MODEL AB Multiscale convection-allowing precipitation forecast perturbations are examined for two forecasts and systematically over 34 forecasts out to 30-h lead time using Haar Wavelet decomposition. Two small-scale initial condition (IC) perturbation methods are compared to the larger-scale IC and physics perturbations in an experimental convection-allowing ensemble. For a precipitation forecast driven primarily by a synoptic-scale baroclinic disturbance, small-scale IC perturbations resulted in little precipitation forecast perturbation energy on medium and large scales, compared to larger-scale IC and physics (LGPH) perturbations after the first few forecast hours. However, for a case where forecast convection at the initial time grew upscale into a mesoscale convective system (MCS), small-scale IC and LGPH perturbations resulted in similar forecast perturbation energy on all scales after about 12 h. Small-scale IC perturbations added to LGPH increased total forecast perturbation energy for this case. Averaged over 34 forecasts, the small-scale IC perturbations had little impact on large forecast scales while LGPH accounted for about half of the error energy on such scales. The impact of small-scale IC perturbations was also less than, but comparable to, the impact of LGPH perturbations on medium scales. On small scales, the impact of small-scale IC perturbations was at least as large as the LGPH perturbations. The spatial structure of small-scale IC perturbations affected the evolution of forecast perturbations, especially at medium scales. There was little systematic impact of the small-scale IC perturbations when added to LGPH. These results motivate further studies on properly sampling multiscale IC errors. C1 [Johnson, Aaron; Wang, Xuguang; Xue, Ming; Zhao, Gang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Johnson, Aaron; Wang, Xuguang; Xue, Ming; Kong, Fanyou; Zhao, Gang; Wang, Yunheng; Thomas, Kevin W.; Brewster, Keith A.] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Gao, Jidong] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Wang, XG (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM xuguang.wang@ou.edu RI Wang, Xuguang/C-5458-2013; Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238 FU NSF [AGS-1046081, AGS-0802888]; NOAA CSTAR program [NA17RJ1227] FX This research was supported by NSF Grant AGS-1046081. Computing resources at the National Science Foundation XSEDE National Institute of Computational Science (NICS) and the OU Supercomputing Center for Education & Research (OSCER) were used for this study. The SSEF data analyzed in this study were produced under the support from the NOAA CSTAR program (Grant NA17RJ1227) and NSF Grant AGS-0802888. The manuscript was greatly improved by the comments of three anonymous reviewers. Jun Du is acknowledged for making SREF data available. NR 57 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 142 IS 3 BP 1053 EP 1073 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00204.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB8PM UT WOS:000332052500006 ER PT J AU Uhlhorn, EW Klotz, BW Vukicevic, T Reasor, PD Rogers, RF AF Uhlhorn, Eric W. Klotz, Bradley W. Vukicevic, Tomislava Reasor, Paul D. Rogers, Robert F. TI Observed Hurricane Wind Speed Asymmetries and Relationships to Motion and Environmental Shear SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Aircraft observations; Hurricanes/typhoons; Wind ID TROPICAL CYCLONE CORE; BOUNDARY-LAYER JETS; VERTICAL SHEAR; PART II; VORTEX RESILIENCY; PARAMETRIC MODEL; SURFACE WINDS; STORM MOTION; ERIN 2001; INTENSITY AB Wavenumber-1 wind speed asymmetries in 35 hurricanes are quantified in terms of their amplitude and phase, based on aircraft observations from 128 individual flights between 1998 and 2011. The impacts of motion and 850-200-mb environmental vertical shear are examined separately to estimate the resulting asymmetric structures at the sea surface and standard 700-mb reconnaissance flight level. The surface asymmetry amplitude is on average around 50% smaller than found at flight level, and while the asymmetry amplitude grows in proportion to storm translation speed at the flight level, no significant growth at the surface is observed, contrary to conventional assumption. However, a significant upwind storm-motion-relative phase rotation is found at the surface as translation speed increases, while the flight-level phase remains fairly constant. After removing the estimated impact of storm motion on the asymmetry, a significant residual shear direction-relative asymmetry is found, particularly at the surface, and, on average, is located downshear to the left of shear. Furthermore, the shear-relative phase has a significant downwind rotation as shear magnitude increases, such that the maximum rotates from the downshear to left-of-shear azimuthal location. By stratifying observations according to shear-relative motion, this general pattern of a left-of-shear residual wind speed maximum is found regardless of the orientation between the storm's heading and shear direction. These results are quite consistent with recent observational studies relating western Pacific typhoon wind asymmetries to environmental shear. Finally, changes in wind asymmetry over a 5-day period during Hurricane Earl (2010) are analyzed to understand the combined impacts of motion and the evolving shear. C1 [Uhlhorn, Eric W.; Vukicevic, Tomislava; Reasor, Paul D.; Rogers, Robert F.] NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Klotz, Bradley W.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Uhlhorn, EW (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM eric.uhlhorn@noaa.gov RI Rogers, Robert/I-4428-2013; Reasor, Paul/B-2932-2014; Klotz, Bradley/J-9506-2013 OI Reasor, Paul/0000-0001-6407-017X; Klotz, Bradley/0000-0002-6061-6531 FU Joint Hurricane Testbed; Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project FX The authors would like to acknowledge John Kaplan, Drs. Sundararaman Gopalakrishnan, and Mark Powell (HRD), as well as two anonymous reviewers, for their comments and suggestions that significantly improved the manuscript. B. Klotz is partially supported through the Joint Hurricane Testbed and Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project. NR 69 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 142 IS 3 BP 1290 EP 1311 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00249.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB8PM UT WOS:000332052500019 ER PT J AU Bailey, MM Heddleston, JM Davis, J Staymates, JL Walker, ARH AF Bailey, Mark M. Heddleston, John M. Davis, Jeffrey Staymates, Jessica L. Walker, Angela R. Hight TI Functionalized, carbon nanotube material for the catalytic degradation of organophosphate nerve agents SO NANO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE single-wall carbon nanotube functionalization; catalytically-active nanomaterial; chemical warfare agent ID BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AGENTS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HD; GD; VX; NANOCOMPOSITE; PROTECTION; ELECTRODE; POLYMERS; EXPOSURE AB Recent world events have emphasized the need to develop innovative, functional materials that will safely neutralize chemical warfare (CW) agents in situ to protect military personnel and civilians from dermal exposure. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of a novel, proof-of-concept design for a Cu-containing catalyst, chemically bonded to a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) structural support, to effectively degrade an organophosphate simulant. SWCNTs have high tensile strength and are flexible and light-weight, which make them a desirable structural component for unique, fabric-like materials. This study aims to develop a self-decontaminating, carbon nanotube-derived material that can ultimately be incorporated into a wearable fabric or protective material to minimize dermal exposure to organophosphate nerve agents and to prevent accidental exposure during decontamination procedures. Carboxylated SWCNTs were functionalized with a polymer, which contained Cu-chelating bipyridine groups, and their catalytic activity against an organophosphate simulant was measured over time. The catalytically active, functionalized nanomaterial was characterized using X-ray fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy. Assuming zeroth-order reaction kinetics, the hydrolysis rate of the organophosphate simulant, as monitored by UV-vis absorption in the presence of the catalytically active nanomaterial, was 63 times faster than the uncatalyzed hydrolysis rate for a sample containing only carboxylated SWCNTs or a control sample containing no added nanotube materials. C1 [Bailey, Mark M.; Heddleston, John M.; Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davis, Jeffrey; Staymates, Jessica L.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Walker, ARH (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mark.m.bailey2.mil@mail.mil; angela.hightwalker@nist.gov RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009; OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672; Bailey, Mark/0000-0001-8950-1431 FU United States National Research Council FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the United States National Research Council Post-Doctoral Research Associateship Program. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 48 PU TSINGHUA UNIV PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIV, RM A703, XUEYAN BLDG, BEIJING, 10084, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1998-0124 EI 1998-0000 J9 NANO RES JI Nano Res. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 7 IS 3 BP 390 EP 398 DI 10.1007/s12274-014-0405-3 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AD4YJ UT WOS:000333257600011 ER PT J AU Wang, CZ Zhang, LP Lee, SK Wu, LX Mechoso, CR AF Wang, Chunzai Zhang, Liping Lee, Sang-Ki Wu, Lixin Mechoso, Carlos R. TI A global perspective on CMIP5 climate model biases SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; ATLANTIC WARM POOL; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; EL-NINO; VARIABILITY; OCEAN; HEMISPHERE; RAINFALL AB The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Fifth Assessment Report largely depends on simulations, predictions and projections by climate models(1). Most models, however, have deficiencies and biases that raise large uncertainties in their products. Over the past several decades, a tremendous effort has been made to improve model performance in the simulation of special regions and aspects of the climate system(2-4). Here we show that biases or errors in special regions can be linked with others at far away locations. We find in 22 climate models that regional sea surface temperature (SST) biases are commonly linked with the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), which is characterized by the northward flow in the upper ocean and returning southward flow in the deep ocean. A simulated weak AMOC is associated with cold biases in the entire Northern Hemisphere with an atmospheric pattern that resembles the Northern Hemisphere annular mode. The AMOC weakening is also associated with a strengthening of Antarctic Bottom Water formation and warm SST biases in the Southern Ocean. It is also shown that cold biases in the tropical North Atlantic and West African/Indian monsoon regions during the warm season in the Northern Hemisphere have interhemispheric links with warm SST biases in the tropical southeastern Pacific and Atlantic, respectively. The results suggest that improving the simulation of regional processes may not suffice for overall better model performance, as the effects of remote biases may override them. C1 [Wang, Chunzai; Zhang, Liping; Lee, Sang-Ki] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Liping; Lee, Sang-Ki] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Wu, Lixin] Ocean Univ China, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao Collaborat Innovat Ctr Marine Sci & Techn, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China. [Mechoso, Carlos R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Wang, CZ (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Chunzai.Wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office; National Science Foundation; NOAA/AOML; China National Global Change Major Research Project [2013CB956201]; China National Science Foundation [41130859] FX R. Lumpkin served as an internal reviewer of the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML). This work was supported by grants from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office, National Science Foundation, the base funding of NOAA/AOML, China National Global Change Major Research Project (2013CB956201), and China National Science Foundation Key Project (41130859). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. NR 30 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 13 U2 86 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 4 IS 3 BP 201 EP 205 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE2118 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE0PU UT WOS:000333669100022 ER PT J AU England, MH McGregor, S Spence, P Meehl, GA Timmermann, A Cai, WJ Sen Gupta, A McPhaden, MJ Purich, A Santoso, A AF England, Matthew H. McGregor, Shayne Spence, Paul Meehl, Gerald A. Timmermann, Axel Cai, Wenju Sen Gupta, Alex McPhaden, Michael J. Purich, Ariaan Santoso, Agus TI Recent intensification of wind-driven circulation in the Pacific and the ongoing warming hiatus SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; GLOBAL UPPER OCEAN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; DATA ASSIMILATION; VARIABILITY; HEAT; REANALYSIS; IMPACT; 1990S AB Despite ongoing increases in atmospheric greenhouse gases, the Earth's global average surface air temperature has remained more or less steady since 2001. A variety of mechanisms have been proposed to account for this slowdown in surface warming. A key component of the global hiatus that has been identified is cool eastern Pacific sea surface temperature, but it is unclear how the ocean has remained relatively cool there in spite of ongoing increases in radiative forcing. Here we show that a pronounced strengthening in Pacific trade winds over the past two decades-unprecedented in observations/reanalysis data and not captured by climate models-is sufficient to account for the cooling of the tropical Pacific and a substantial slowdown in surface warming through increased subsurface ocean heat uptake. The extra uptake has come about through increased subduction in the Pacific shallow overturning cells, enhancing heat convergence in the equatorial thermocline. At the same time, the accelerated trade winds have increased equatorial upwelling in the central and eastern Pacific, lowering sea surface temperature there, which drives further cooling in other regions. The net effect of these anomalous winds is a cooling in the 2012 global average surface air temperature of 0.1-0.2 degrees C, which can account for much of the hiatus in surface warming observed since 2001. This hiatus could persist for much of the present decade if the trade wind trends continue, however rapid warming is expected to resume once the anomalous wind trends abate. C1 [England, Matthew H.; McGregor, Shayne; Spence, Paul; Sen Gupta, Alex; Santoso, Agus] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [England, Matthew H.; McGregor, Shayne; Spence, Paul; Sen Gupta, Alex; Santoso, Agus] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Meehl, Gerald A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Timmermann, Axel] Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Cai, Wenju; Purich, Ariaan] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP England, MH (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM m.england@unsw.edu.au RI Cai, Wenju/C-2864-2012; Timmermann, Axel /F-4977-2011; Sen Gupta, Alexander/B-7995-2011; Santoso, Agus/J-7350-2012; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016; OI Timmermann, Axel /0000-0003-0657-2969; Sen Gupta, Alexander/0000-0001-5226-871X; Santoso, Agus/0000-0001-7749-8124; England, Matthew/0000-0001-9696-2930 FU Australian Research Council (ARC) including the ARC Centre of Excellence in Climate System Science; NSF [1049219]; Australian Climate Change Science Programme; CLS Space Oceanography Division as part of the Environment and Climate EU ENACT project [EVK2-CT2001-00117]; CNES FX This work was supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC) including the ARC Centre of Excellence in Climate System Science and an award under the Merit Allocation Scheme on the NCI National Facility at the ANU, Canberra. A. T. was supported through NSF grant number 1049219. W. C. was supported by the Australian Climate Change Science Programme. The altimeter products were produced by the CLS Space Oceanography Division as part of the Environment and Climate EU ENACT project (EVK2-CT2001-00117) and with support from CNES. This is PMEL contribution no. 4053. NR 46 TC 315 Z9 328 U1 18 U2 201 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 4 IS 3 BP 222 EP 227 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE2106 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE0PU UT WOS:000333669100026 ER PT J AU Zhou, SL Zhang, JX Liu, DM Hu, QL Huang, QZ AF Zhou, Shenlin Zhang, Jiuxing Liu, Danmin Hu, Qianglin Huang, Qingzhen TI The effect of samarium doping on structure and enhanced thermionic emission properties of lanthanum hexaboride fabricated by spark plasma sintering SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE samarium doping; structure-property relationships; ternary rare-earth hexaborides; thermionic emission ID WORK FUNCTION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LAB6; CATHODES; SURFACE; FILMS AB Single-phase polycrystalline solid solutions (La1-xSmx)B-6 (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1) are fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). This study demonstrates a systematic investigation of structure-property relationships in Sm-doped LaB6 ternary rare-earth hexaborides. The microstructure, crystallographic orientation, electrical resistivity, and thermionic emission performance of these compounds are investigated. Analysis of the results indicates that samarium (Sm) doping has a noticeable effect on the structure and performance of lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6). The analytical investigation of the electron backscatter diffraction confirms that (La0.6Sm0.4)B-6 exhibits a clear (001) texture that results in a low work function. Work functions are determined by pulsed thermionic diode measurements at 1500-1873K. The (La0.6Sm0.4)B-6 possesses improved thermionic emission properties compared to LaB6. The current density of (La0.6Sm0.4)B-6 is 42.4Acm(-2) at 1873K, which is 17.5% larger than that of LaB6. The values of phi(R) for (La0.6Sm0.4)B-6 and LaB6 are 1.98 +/- 0.03 and 1.67 +/- 0.03eV, respectively. Furthermore, the Sm substitution of lanthanum (La) effectively increases the electrical resistivity. These results reveal that Sm doping lead to significantly enhanced thermionic emission properties of LaB6. The compound (La0.6Sm0.4)B-6 appears most promising as a future emitter material. C1 [Zhou, Shenlin; Hu, Qianglin] Jinggangshan Univ, Coll Math & Phys, Jian 343409, Jiangxi, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Jiuxing; Liu, Danmin] Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Key Lab Adv Funct Mat, Minist Educ, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China. [Huang, Qingzhen] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhou, SL (reprint author), Jinggangshan Univ, Coll Math & Phys, Jian 343409, Jiangxi, Peoples R China. EM shenlinz@jgsu.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [11064005]; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province [2010GQW0033]; provincial key disciplines of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jiangxi Province FX The authors are grateful to Dr. Peter Hardy for valuable discussions. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11064005), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province under Grant No. 2010GQW0033, and the provincial key disciplines of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jiangxi Province. Thanks are also given to Prof. Zhulun Lin (University of Electronic Science and Technology of China) for assistance with the I-V measurements. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 27 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6300 EI 1862-6319 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Mat. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 211 IS 3 BP 555 EP 564 DI 10.1002/pssa.201330152 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA AD4CO UT WOS:000333194100005 ER PT J AU Temimi, M Lakhankar, T Zhan, XW Cosh, MH Krakauer, N Fares, A Kelly, V Khanbilvardi, R Kumassi, L AF Temimi, Marouane Lakhankar, Tarendra Zhan, Xiwu Cosh, Michael H. Krakauer, Nir Fares, Ali Kelly, Victoria Khanbilvardi, Reza Kumassi, Laetitia TI Soil Moisture Retrieval Using Ground-Based L-Band Passive Microwave Observations in Northeastern USA SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE; PENETRATING RADAR; BARE SOIL; AMSR-E; NETWORK; RADIOMETRY; EMISSION; VALIDATION; CLIMATE; MODELS AB A field experiment was performed in a grassland at the NOAA-CREST-Soil Moisture Advanced Radiometric Testbed (CREST-SMART) facility, which includes a mobile L-band dual-polarized radiometer with an in situ soil temperature and soil moisture observation network, located near Millbrook, NY. During the day-long field campaign, intensive spatiotemporal measurements of L-band brightness temperatures, surface temperature, soil moisture, and soil temperature at 3-, 7-, and 12-cm depths were collected during three passes at 0830, 1130, and 1430 h. During the second and third passes, half of the field was irrigated. Soil roughness and water content of the short grass that remained after mowing the study area were measured. The Tau-Omega radiative transfer model was used to assess the performance of the soil moisture retrieval using measured soil temperatures at different depths. In addition, the collected microwave observations at the three different times of the day were used to assess the impact of the diurnal variation of soil temperature on the performance of soil moisture retrieval. Obtained results showed that the root mean square error (RMSE) decreased throughout the day to reach 0.03 m(3)/m(3) for the afternoon pass when 12-cm soil temperature values were used in the radiative transfer model. In addition, during the three different passes, the lowest RMSE was consistently obtained when the 12-cm soil temperature was used, which suggests that, for this investigated site, soil temperature at the 12-cm depth can be a surrogate for soil effective temperature when L-band microwave temperatures are used. In terms of diurnal variability, observations from the afternoon pass led to the highest agreement between observed and retrieved soil moisture values. C1 [Temimi, Marouane; Lakhankar, Tarendra; Krakauer, Nir; Khanbilvardi, Reza; Kumassi, Laetitia] CUNY, NOAA, CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Temimi, Marouane] Masdar Inst Sci & Technol, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. [Zhan, Xiwu] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Cosh, Michael H.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Fares, Ali] Prairie View A&M Univ, Cooperat Agr Res Ctr, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. [Kelly, Victoria] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RP Temimi, M (reprint author), CUNY, NOAA, CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM mtemimi@ccny.cuny.edu RI Zhan, Xiwu/F-5487-2010; Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015; Lakhankar, Tarendra/F-9490-2011 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918; Lakhankar, Tarendra/0000-0002-4759-2141 FU NOAA [NA06OAR4810162, NA11SEC4810004] FX We would like to thank the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies for hosting the experiment and for their valuable logistic support. Also, we would like to thank Dr. Francois Jonard for his assistance. This study was supported by the NOAA under Grants no. NA06OAR4810162 and NA11SEC4810004. The statements contained here are not the opinions of the funding agency or government but reflect the views of the authors. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 15 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 13 IS 3 DI 10.2136/vzj2013.06.0101 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA AD4CZ UT WOS:000333195500004 ER PT J AU Larson, DM Lew, DK AF Larson, Douglas M. Lew, Daniel K. TI The Opportunity Cost of Travel Time as a Noisy Wage Fraction SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE opportunity cost of time; recreation demand; recreational fishing; repeated mixed logit; C35; Q22; Q51; Q58 ID RECREATION DEMAND MODELS; RANDOM UTILITY MODEL; ON-SITE TIME; DISCRETE-CHOICE; LEISURE-TIME; BENEFIT; CONSISTENT; ALLOCATION; VALUATION; BEHAVIOR AB Few issues are more important to welfare estimation with recreation demand models than the specification of the opportunity cost of travel time. The two most common approaches to specifying this cost treat it as a fixed fraction of the recreationist's wage, and either estimate the fraction (done infrequently) or assume it takes some value (done commonly), with references to results from the commute time literature used to justify the latter. However, these approaches lack firm conceptual rationales, and the consequences of using them are not fully understood. Recognizing that information limitations often preclude more general approaches, we use a joint recreation travel-labor supply model to show that under relatively modest assumptions the opportunity cost of travel time can be expressed as a wage fraction with noise. This formulation is straightforward to implement as part of random parameters-based recreation demand models. We then evaluate the welfare consequences of using the two approaches noted above, which are special cases of the noisy wage fraction specification. Our results suggest that the more critical restriction to relax in opportunity cost of travel time specifications is the absence of noise, rather than the specific level of the wage fraction. C1 [Larson, Douglas M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lew, Daniel K.] NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Larson, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dmlarson@ucdavis.edu OI Lew, Daniel/0000-0002-3394-138X NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 EI 1467-8276 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 96 IS 2 BP 420 EP 437 DI 10.1093/ajae/aat093 PG 18 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA AD4UA UT WOS:000333245000004 ER PT J AU Kvamsdal, SF Stohs, SM AF Kvamsdal, Sturla Furunes Stohs, Stephen Milton TI Estimating Endangered Species Interaction Risk With the Kalman Filter SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; count data; endangered species interactions; Kalman filter; marine conservation; Poisson distribution; rare event risk; state-space model; Q22; Q57; Q58 ID SERIES; COUNT AB To address the tradeoff between biodiversity conservation in marine ecosystems and fishing opportunity, it is important to quantify the risk of endangered species interactions in commercial fisheries. We propose a Kalman filter suitable for rare events to estimate the endangered leatherback turtle take risk in the California drift gillnet fishery in the years 1990-2010, conditional on spatiotemporal factors that affect take rates. Results suggest interaction risk has remained stable, but with substantial variation over the spatiotemporal distribution of effort. Our methods might also apply to recreation demand analysis with rare event risk, or to applications involving irregularly spaced observations, like trade-level stock market data. C1 [Kvamsdal, Sturla Furunes] Norwegian Sch Econ, Bergen, Norway. [Stohs, Stephen Milton] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Kvamsdal, Sturla Furunes; Stohs, Stephen Milton] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Environm Econ, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Kvamsdal, SF (reprint author), Norwegian Sch Econ, Bergen, Norway. EM sturla.kvamsdal@nhh.no FU Norwegian Research Council [196433/S40]; NOAA FX Sturla Furunes Kvamsdal is an assistant professor at the Norwegian School of Economics. Stephen Milton Stohs is an economist at the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Southwest Fisheries Science Center. Both authors are affiliated with the Center of Environmental Economics at the University of California, San Diego. The authors wish to thank Doyle Hanan, Dale Squires, Rognvaldur Hannesson, Frode Steen, Roar Gjelsvik, Daniel V. Gordon, Leif K. Sandal, Theodore Groves, participants at several seminars and conferences for comments and suggestions, and the Pacific Gillnet Observer Program at the NMFS Southwest Region that provided the data. The authors also thank two anonymous referees and the editor for constructive comments. Kvamsdal acknowledges financial support from the Norwegian Research Council (Project no. 196433/S40) and the NOAA. Results and views are not necessarily those of the National Marine Fisheries Service. Correspondence may be sent to: sturla.kvamsdal@nhh.no NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 EI 1467-8276 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 96 IS 2 BP 458 EP 468 DI 10.1093/ajae/aat092 PG 11 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA AD4UA UT WOS:000333245000006 ER PT J AU Long, DA Truong, GW van Zee, RD Plusquellic, DF Hodges, JT AF Long, D. A. Truong, G. -W. van Zee, R. D. Plusquellic, D. F. Hodges, J. T. TI Frequency-agile, rapid scanning spectroscopy: absorption sensitivity of 2 x 10(-12) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2) with a tunable diode laser SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; CAVITY; SPECTROMETER; RESOLUTION AB We present ultrasensitive measurements of molecular absorption using frequency-agile rapid scanning, cavity ring-down spectroscopy with an external-cavity diode laser. A microwave source that drives an electro-optic phase modulator with a bandwidth of 20 GHz generates pairs of sidebands on the probe laser. The optical cavity provides for high sensitivity and filters the carrier and all but a single, selected sideband. Absorption spectra were acquired by stepping the tunable sideband from mode-to-mode of the ring-down cavity at a rate that was limited only by the cavity decay time. This approach allows for scanning rates of 8 kHz per cavity resonance, a minimum detectable absorption coefficient of 1.7 x 10(-11) cm(-1) after only 20 ms of averaging, and a noise-equivalent absorption coefficient of 1.7 x 10(-12) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2). By comparison with cavity-enhanced laser absorption spectrometers reported in the literature, the present system is, to the best of our knowledge, among the most sensitive and has by far the highest spectrum scanning rate. C1 [Long, D. A.; Truong, G. -W.; van Zee, R. D.; Plusquellic, D. F.; Hodges, J. T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Truong, G. -W.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Phys, Frequency Stand & Metrol Res Grp, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. RP Long, DA (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.long@nist.gov FU NIST Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Climate Research Program; NIST Innovations in Measurement Science (IMS) award; NIST by an Australian Fulbright Fellowship FX Support was provided by the NIST Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Climate Research Program and a NIST Innovations in Measurement Science (IMS) award. G.-W. Truong was supported at NIST by an Australian Fulbright Fellowship. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 EI 1432-0649 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 114 IS 4 BP 489 EP 495 DI 10.1007/s00340-013-5548-5 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA AC9KB UT WOS:000332852200006 ER PT J AU De, S Spielman, IB AF De, S. Spielman, I. B. TI Fermion-mediated long-range interactions between bosons stored in an optical lattice SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID 3-BODY RECOMBINATION; SCATTERING LENGTHS; ULTRACOLD ATOMS; QUANTUM PHASES; GASES; SUPERFLUID; COLLISIONS; MOLECULES; MODEL; STATE AB We describe a new method for creating spin-dependent long-range interactions between atomic ultra-cold neutral bosons-specifically Rb-87-in an optical lattice. In this proposal, the bosonic system is immersed in a spin-polarized degenerate Fermi gas (almost perfectly non-interacting), here Li-6. We first show that the bosons acquire a long-range interaction analogous to Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction in solids. The resulting fermion-mediated Bose-Bose interaction, which can depend on the bosons' spin state, is tunable using inter-species Feshbach resonance. When the bosons are subject to a suitable optical lattice, 3-body loss processes are greatly suppressed. We conclude by showing that these interactions can lead to a supersolid phase for single-spin Bose system, and also to a fully tunable transverse field Ising model for a two-component Bose system. C1 [De, S.] CSIR Natl Phys Iaboratory, New Delhi 110012, India. [Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP De, S (reprint author), CSIR Natl Phys Iaboratory, Dr KS Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India. EM subhadeep@mail.nplindia.org FU CSIR-NPL; NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at JQI; ARO; Atomtronics MURI; DARPA OLE Program FX We had very useful discussions with A. Gangopadhyay, R. Sensarma, A. Sen Gupta and W. D. Phillips. This work was carried out as a part of STIOS program funded by CSIR-NPL. We also acknowledge the financial support the NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at JQI, and the ARO with funds from both the Atomtronics MURI and the DARPA OLE Program. NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 EI 1432-0649 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 114 IS 4 BP 527 EP 536 DI 10.1007/s00340-013-5556-5 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA AC9KB UT WOS:000332852200011 ER PT J AU Anderson, EC Ng, TC AF Anderson, Eric C. Ng, Thomas C. TI Comment on 'Bayesian parentage analysis with systematic accountability of genotyping error, missing data and false matching' SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Letter ID NATURAL-POPULATIONS; INFERENCE AB We show the software SOLOMON is improved by using the likelihood ratio instead of an ad hoc statistic. C1 [Anderson, Eric C.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Anderson, Eric C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ng, Thomas C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Biomol Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Anderson, EC (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 EI 1460-2059 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 30 IS 5 BP 743 EP 745 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btt588 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA AC1ML UT WOS:000332259300023 PM 24130307 ER PT J AU Schmitt, C Grassl, B Lespes, G Desbrieres, J Pellerin, V Reynaud, S Gigault, J Hackley, VA AF Schmitt, C. Grassl, B. Lespes, G. Desbrieres, J. Pellerin, V. Reynaud, S. Gigault, J. Hackley, V. A. TI Saponins: A Renewable and Biodegradable Surfactant From Its Microwave-Assisted Extraction to the Synthesis of Monodisperse Lattices SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID EMULSION POLYMERIZATION; SAPINDUS-MUKOROSSI; LIGHT-SCATTERING; NONYLPHENOL; ENVIRONMENT; PARTICLES; TOXICITY; KINETICS AB Synthetic surfactants are widely used in emulsion polymerization, but it is increasingly desirable to replace them with naturally derived molecules with a reduced environmental burden. This study demonstrates the use of saponins as biodegradable and renewable surfactants for emulsion polymerization. This chemical has been extracted from soapnuts by microwave assisted extraction and characterized in terms of surfactant properties prior to emulsion polymerization. The results in terms of particle size distribution and morphology control have been compared to those obtained with classical nonionic (NP40) or anionic (SDS) industrial surfactants. Microwave-extracted saponins were able to lead to latexes as stable as standard PS latex, as shown by the CMC and CCC measurements. The saponin-stabilized PS particles have been characterized in terms of particle size and distribution by Dynamic Light Scattering and Asymmetrical Flow Field Flow Fractionation. Monomodal and monodispersed particles ranging from 250 to 480 nm in terms of diameter with a particle size distribution below 1.03 have been synthesized. C1 [Schmitt, C.; Grassl, B.; Lespes, G.; Desbrieres, J.; Pellerin, V.; Reynaud, S.] CNRS UPPA, IPREM, UMR 5254, F-64053 Pau 9, France. [Schmitt, C.; Gigault, J.; Hackley, V. A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reynaud, S (reprint author), CNRS UPPA, IPREM, UMR 5254, 2 Av Angot, F-64053 Pau 9, France. EM stephanie.reynaud@univ-pau.fr RI reynaud, stephanie/M-8845-2015; OI reynaud, stephanie/0000-0001-9048-0842; Grassl, Bruno/0000-0002-1554-1411 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 EI 1526-4602 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD MAR PY 2014 VL 15 IS 3 BP 856 EP 862 DI 10.1021/bm401708m PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA AC8AY UT WOS:000332756600018 PM 24443771 ER PT J AU Takle, ES Anderson, CJ Andresen, J Angel, J Elmore, RW Gramig, BM Guinan, P Hilberg, S Kluck, D Massey, R Niyogi, D Schneider, JM Shulski, MD Todey, D Widhalm, M AF Takle, Eugene S. Anderson, Christopher J. Andresen, Jeffrey Angel, James Elmore, Roger W. Gramig, Benjamin M. Guinan, Patrick Hilberg, Steven Kluck, Doug Massey, Raymond Niyogi, Dev Schneider, Jeanne M. Shulski, Martha D. Todey, Dennis Widhalm, Melissa TI Climate Forecasts for Corn Producer Decision Making SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Agriculture systems; Forecasting; Climate forecast; Seasonal forecast; Agriculture forecast; Decision calendar ID AGRICULTURAL-RISK-MANAGEMENT; UNITED-STATES; PREDICTION AB Corn is the most widely grown crop in the Americas, with annual production in the United States of approximately 332 million metric tons. Improved climate forecasts, together with climate-related decision tools for corn producers based on these improved forecasts, could substantially reduce uncertainty and increase profitability for corn producers. The purpose of this paper is to acquaint climate information developers, climate information users, and climate researchers with an overview of weather conditions throughout the year that affect corn production as well as forecast content and timing needed by producers. The authors provide a graphic depicting the climate-informed decision cycle, which they call the climate forecast-decision cycle calendar for corn. C1 [Takle, Eugene S.; Anderson, Christopher J.; Elmore, Roger W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Andresen, Jeffrey] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Angel, James] Univ Illinois, Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL USA. [Gramig, Benjamin M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr Econ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Guinan, Patrick] Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Hilberg, Steven] Univ Illinois, Midwestern Reg Climate Ctr, Champaign, IL USA. [Kluck, Doug] Natl Weather Serv Cent Reg, Kansas City, MO USA. [Massey, Raymond] Univ Missouri, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Columbia, MO USA. [Niyogi, Dev] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Niyogi, Dev] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Schneider, Jeanne M.] ARS, Great Plains Agroclimate & Nat Resources Res Unit, Grazinglands Res Lab, USDA, El Reno, OK USA. [Shulski, Martha D.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. [Todey, Dennis] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Widhalm, Melissa] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Takle, ES (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, 2010 Agronomy Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM gstakle@iastate.edu RI Gramig, Benjamin/E-4387-2012 OI Gramig, Benjamin/0000-0001-8741-9856 FU USDA-NIFA [2011-68002-30220] FX This report is a product of the project Useful to Usable (U2U): Transforming Climate Variability and Change Information for Cereal Crop Producers, an interdisciplinary research and extension project involving 10 Midwestern universities supported by USDA-NIFA Award 2011-68002-30220. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 18 AR 5 DI 10.1175/2013EI000541.1 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AC8ZU UT WOS:000332824400001 ER PT J AU Bisceglia, KJ Lippa, KA AF Bisceglia, Kevin J. Lippa, Katrice A. TI Stability of cocaine and its metabolites in municipal wastewater - the case for using metabolite consolidation to monitor cocaine utilization SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cocaine; Ecgonine; Benzoylecgonine illicit drugs; Wastewater; Stability; Sewage epidemiology; Sewer information mining ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ILLICIT DRUGS; PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS; URINARY-EXCRETION; SURFACE-WATER; BENZOYLECGONINE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; UNCERTAINTY AB Transformations of cocaine and eleven of its metabolites were investigated in untreated municipal sewage at pH a parts per thousand aEuro parts per thousand 7 and 9, 23, and 31 A degrees C. Results indicated that hydrolysis-possibly bacterially mediated-was the principal transformation pathway. Residues possessing alkyl esters were particularly susceptible to hydrolysis, with pseudo-first-order rate constants varying from 0.54 to 1.7 day(-1) at 23 A degrees C. Metabolites lacking esters or possessing only a benzoyl ester appeared stable. Residues lacking alkyl esters did accumulate through hydrolysis of precursors, however. As noted previously, this may positively bias cocaine utilization estimates based on benzoylecgonine alone. Reported variability in metabolic excretion was used in conjunction with transformation data to evaluate different approaches for estimating cocaine loading. Results indicate that estimates derived from measurands that capture all major cocaine metabolites, such as COCtot (the sum of all measurable metabolites) and EChyd (the sum of all metabolites that can be hydrolyzed to ecgonine), may reduce uncertainty arising from variability in metabolite transformation and excretion, possibly to a parts per thousand aEuro parts per thousand 10 % RSD. This is more than a two-fold reduction relative to estimates derived from benzoylecgonine (> 26 % RSD), and roughly equivalent to reported uncertainties from sources that are not metabolite-specific (e.g., sampling frequency, flow variability). They and other composite measurands merit consideration from the sewage epidemiology community, beginning with efforts to evaluate the stability of the total cocaine load under realistic sewer conditions. C1 [Bisceglia, Kevin J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Bisceglia, Kevin J.; Lippa, Katrice A.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bisceglia, Kevin J.] Hofstra Univ, Dept Chem, Hempstead, NY 11549 USA. RP Bisceglia, KJ (reprint author), Hofstra Univ, Dept Chem, Hempstead, NY 11549 USA. EM kevin.bisceglia@hofstra.edu NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 EI 1614-7499 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 21 IS 6 BP 4453 EP 4460 DI 10.1007/s11356-013-2403-5 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AC8PJ UT WOS:000332795700040 PM 24337995 ER PT J AU Voronovich, AG Zavorotny, VU AF Voronovich, Alexander G. Zavorotny, Valery U. TI Full-Polarization Modeling of Monostatic and Bistatic Radar Scattering From a Rough Sea Surface SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Electromagnetic (EM) scattering by rough surfaces; polarimetric radar; sea surface electromagnetic scattering ID SMALL-SLOPE APPROXIMATION; OCEAN WAVE SPECTRA; LOW-GRAZING ANGLES; POLARIMETRIC SAR; CURVATURE APPROXIMATION; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; THERMAL EMISSION; 2-SCALE MODEL; WIND; BACKSCATTERING AB Fully polarimetric radars have advantages compared to more conventional single-polarization radars when measuring ocean wave characteristics. However, the theoretical analysis of full-polarization radar scattering frequently presents a challenge. For example, the classical composite model fails to correctly predict the cross-polarization components of the normalized radar cross section (NRCS). The new version of the numerical implementation of the small slope approximation of the second order, the SSA2, is presented in this paper. The SSA2 correctly predicts the behavior of out-of-plane bistatic scattering for an arbitrary set of polarization indices. The SSA2, as contrasted with the composite model, accounts for Bragg scattering of the second order which is essential for modeling cross-polarization scattering. We present the results of numerical simulations of both monostatic and bistatic cross sections and scattering amplitude correlators for various ocean conditions and transmitter-receiver geometries using the SSA2. We compare them with available experimental data and other modeling results. C1 [Voronovich, Alexander G.; Zavorotny, Valery U.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Voronovich, AG (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Alexander.Voronovich@noaa.gov; Valery.Zavorotny@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X EI 1558-2221 J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 62 IS 3 BP 1362 EP 1371 DI 10.1109/TAP.2013.2295235 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AC7SH UT WOS:000332731700039 ER PT J AU Williams, DF Corson, P Sharma, J Krishnaswamy, H Tai, W George, Z Ricketts, DS Watson, PM Dacquay, E Voinigescu, SP AF Williams, Dylan F. Corson, Phillip Sharma, Jahnavi Krishnaswamy, Harish Tai, Wei George, Zacharias Ricketts, David S. Watson, Paul M. Dacquay, Eric Voinigescu, Sorin P. TI Calibrations for Millimeter-Wave Silicon Transistor Characterization SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Calibration; measurement; millimeter wave; scattering parameters; silicon; transistor; vector network analyzer (VNA) ID GHZ; PARAMETER; ALGORITHM AB This paper compares on-wafer thru-reflect-line (TRL) and off-wafer short-open-load-thru (SOLT) and line-reflect-reflect-match (LRRM) vector-network-analyzer probe-tip calibrations for amplifier characterization and parasitic-extraction calibrations for transistor characterization on silicon integrated circuits at millimeter-wave frequencies. We show that on-wafer calibrations generally outperform off-wafer and LRRM probe-tip calibrations at millimeter-wave frequencies. However, certain parasitic-extraction algorithms designed specifically to remove contact pads, transmission-lines, and access vias correct for much of the error in off-wafer calibrations. C1 [Williams, Dylan F.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Corson, Phillip] IBM Semicond Res & Dev Ctr, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. [Sharma, Jahnavi; Krishnaswamy, Harish] Columbia Univ, Dept Elect Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Tai, Wei; George, Zacharias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Ricketts, David S.] N Carolina State Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Watson, Paul M.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dacquay, Eric; Voinigescu, Sorin P.] Univ Toronto, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada. RP Williams, DF (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dylan@boulder.nist.gov FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under the ELASTx Program FX This work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under the ELASTx Program. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 62 IS 3 BP 658 EP 668 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2014.2300839 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AC8DL UT WOS:000332763100028 ER PT J AU Mahmood, R Pielke, RA Hubbard, KG Niyogi, D Dirmeyer, PA McAlpine, C Carleton, AM Hale, R Gameda, S Beltran-Przekurat, A Baker, B McNider, R Legates, DR Shepherd, M Du, JY Blanken, PD Frauenfeld, OW Nair, US Fall, S AF Mahmood, Rezaul Pielke, Roger A., Sr. Hubbard, Kenneth G. Niyogi, Dev Dirmeyer, Paul A. McAlpine, Clive Carleton, Andrew M. Hale, Robert Gameda, Samuel Beltran-Przekurat, Adriana Baker, Bruce McNider, Richard Legates, David R. Shepherd, Marshall Du, Jinyang Blanken, Peter D. Frauenfeld, Oliver W. Nair, U. S. Fall, Souleymane TI Land cover changes and their biogeophysical effects on climate SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Review DE land cover change; climate; biogeophysical impacts ID URBAN HEAT-ISLAND; US CORN-BELT; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; ROMAN CLASSICAL-PERIOD; SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE; NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; TROPICAL DEFORESTATION; GLOBAL CLIMATE; REGIONAL CLIMATE; BOUNDARY-LAYER AB Land cover changes (LCCs) play an important role in the climate system. Research over recent decades highlights the impacts of these changes on atmospheric temperature, humidity, cloud cover, circulation, and precipitation. These impacts range from the local- and regional-scale to sub-continental and global-scale. It has been found that the impacts of regional-scale LCC in one area may also be manifested in other parts of the world as a climatic teleconnection. In light of these findings, this article provides an overview and synthesis of some of the most notable types of LCC and their impacts on climate. These LCC types include agriculture, deforestation and afforestation, desertification, and urbanization. In addition, this article provides a discussion on challenges to, and future research directions in, assessing the climatic impacts of LCC. C1 [Mahmood, Rezaul] Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. [Mahmood, Rezaul] Western Kentucky Univ, Kentucky Climate Ctr, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. [Pielke, Roger A., Sr.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hubbard, Kenneth G.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resource Sci, High Plains Reg Climate Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. [Niyogi, Dev] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron & Earth Syst Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Niyogi, Dev] Purdue Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dirmeyer, Paul A.] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD USA. [McAlpine, Clive] Univ Queensland, Sch Geog Planning & Environm Management, Ctr Spatial Environm Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Carleton, Andrew M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Carleton, Andrew M.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hale, Robert] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gameda, Samuel] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Res Branch, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Baker, Bruce] NOAA, ARL, ATDD, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [McNider, Richard; Nair, U. S.] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Legates, David R.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geog, Newark, DE USA. [Shepherd, Marshall] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Du, Jinyang] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Du, Jinyang] Beijing Normal Univ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Blanken, Peter D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Frauenfeld, Oliver W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX USA. [Nair, U. S.] Univ Alabama, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Fall, Souleymane] Tuskegee Univ, Coll Agr Environm & Nutr Sci, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. RP Mahmood, R (reprint author), Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, 1906 Coll Hts Blvd, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. EM rezaul.mahmood@wku.edu RI Dirmeyer, Paul/B-6553-2016; OI Dirmeyer, Paul/0000-0003-3158-1752; BLANKEN, PETER/0000-0002-7405-2220 FU University of Colorado in Boulder (CIRES/ATOC); NSF [AGS-1219833, ATM-9876753, ATM-0523583]; NASA LCLUC grant; NSF CAREER grant FX Authors would like to thank two reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. This article is a result of a National Science Foundation (NSF) funded workshop entitled "Detecting the Atmospheric Response to the Changing Face of the Earth: A Focus on Human-Caused Regional Climate Forcings, Land-Cover/Land-Use Change, and Data Monitoring'. It was held in Boulder, CO on 27-29 August 2007. R.A. Pielke Sr. received support through the University of Colorado in Boulder (CIRES/ATOC) and from NSF Grant AGS-1219833. Dr. Andrew Carleton and Dr. Udaysankar Nair acknowledge support from NSF Grants ATM-9876753 and ATM-0523583, respectively. Dr. Dev Niyogi acknowledges support from NSF CAREER and NASA LCLUC grants. We would like to thank Dr. Shouraseni Sen Roy, Ronnie Leeper and William Rodgers for technical assistance, and Dallas Staley for her outstanding contributions in editing and finalizing the article. NR 333 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 31 U2 201 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 34 IS 4 BP 929 EP 953 DI 10.1002/joc.3736 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AC9DG UT WOS:000332833900001 ER PT J AU Gensini, VA Mote, TL Brooks, HE AF Gensini, Victor A. Mote, Thomas L. Brooks, Harold E. TI Severe-Thunderstorm Reanalysis Environments and Collocated Radiosonde Observations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Indices; Climatology; Convective storms; Storm environments; CAPE; Reanalysis data ID CLIMATOLOGY; COORDINATE AB This research compares reanalysis-derived proxy soundings from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) with collocated observed radiosonde data across the central and eastern United States during the period 2000-11: 23 important parameters used for forecasting severe convection are examined. Kinematic variables such as 0-6-km bulk wind shear are best represented by this reanalysis, whereas thermodynamic variables such as convective available potential energy exhibit regional biases and are generally overestimated by the reanalysis. For thermodynamic parameters, parcel-ascent choice is an important consideration because of large differences in reanalysis low-level moisture fields versus observed ones. Results herein provide researchers with potential strengths and limitations of using NARR data for the purposes of depicting climatological information for hazardous convective weather and initializing model simulations. Similar studies should be considered for other reanalysis datasets. C1 [Gensini, Victor A.] Coll DuPage, Glen Ellyn, IL 60137 USA. [Mote, Thomas L.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Brooks, Harold E.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Gensini, VA (reprint author), Coll DuPage, Dept Meteorol, 425 Fawell Blvd, Glen Ellyn, IL 60137 USA. EM gensiniv@cod.edu OI Mote, Thomas/0000-0002-0021-0134 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 53 IS 3 BP 742 EP 751 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0263.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD2AL UT WOS:000333034700012 ER PT J AU Turner, DD Lohnert, U AF Turner, D. D. Loehnert, U. TI Information Content and Uncertainties in Thermodynamic Profiles and Liquid Cloud Properties Retrieved from the Ground-Based Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian methods; Temperature; Water vapor; Infrared radiation; Remote sensing; Cloud retrieval ID RAMAN LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; WATER-VAPOR; PART I; METEOROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; RESOLUTION; HUMIDITY; PARAMETERS; RADIATION AB The Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) observes spectrally resolved downwelling radiance emitted by the atmosphere in the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Profiles of temperature and water vapor, and cloud liquid water path and effective radius for a single liquid cloud layer, are retrieved using an optimal estimation-based physical retrieval algorithm from AERI-observed radiance data. This algorithm provides a full error covariance matrix for the solution, and both the degrees of freedom for signal and the Shannon information content. The algorithm is evaluated with both synthetic and real AERI observations. The AERI is shown to have approximately 85% and 70% of its information in the lowest 2 km of the atmosphere for temperature and water vapor profiles, respectively. In clear-sky situations, the mean bias errors with respect to the radiosonde profiles are less than 0.2 K and 0.3 g kg(-1) for heights below 2 km for temperature and water vapor mixing ratio, respectively; the maximum root-mean-square errors are less than 1 K and 0.8 g kg(-1). The errors in the retrieved profiles in cloudy situations are larger, due in part to the scattering contribution to the downwelling radiance that was not accounted for in the forward model. Scattering is largest in one of the spectral regions used in the retrieval, however, and removing this spectral region results in a slight reduction of the information content but a considerable improvement in the accuracy of the retrieved thermodynamic profiles. C1 [Turner, D. D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Loehnert, U.] Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, Cologne, Germany. RP Turner, DD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM dave.turner@noaa.gov RI Lohnert, Ulrich/C-3303-2013 OI Lohnert, Ulrich/0000-0002-9023-0269 FU NOAA's National Severe Storms Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program; German Research Foundation (DFG) FX NOAA's National Severe Storms Laboratory and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program supported this work. We thank the AERI team at the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison for helpful discussions about the calibration and noise characterization of the AERI as well as for serving as an initial sounding board for some of the retrieval ideas presented here. We also thank Drs. Qin Xu, Jonathan Gero, and Aronne Merrelli for providing very constructive comments on an earlier version of this manuscript and the two anonymous reviewers for their comments that also improved the final version of this paper. The German Research Foundation (DFG) funded the TransRegio32 project, which provided travel support for D. Turner's stay at the University of Cologne. The data used in this paper were collected by the DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program and are available from its data archive at http://www.archive.arm.gov. NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 53 IS 3 BP 752 EP 771 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0126.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD2AL UT WOS:000333034700013 ER PT J AU Cox, CJ Turner, DD Rowe, PM Shupe, MD Walden, VP AF Cox, Christopher J. Turner, David D. Rowe, Penny M. Shupe, Matthew D. Walden, Von P. TI Cloud Microphysical Properties Retrieved from Downwelling Infrared Radiance Measurements Made at Eureka, Nunavut, Canada (2006-09) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Cloud water/phase; Cloud microphysics; Infrared radiation; Cloud radiative effects; Cloud retrieval ID MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS; ARCTIC CLOUD; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; WATER-VAPOR; PART II; MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS; ATMOSPHERIC FLUXES; RADIATION FLUXES; REMOTE SENSORS; COOLING RATES AB The radiative properties of clouds are related to cloud microphysical and optical properties, including water path, optical depth, particle size, and thermodynamic phase. Ground-based observations from remote sensors provide high-quality, long-term, continuous measurements that can be used to obtain these properties. In the Arctic, a more comprehensive understanding of cloud microphysics is important because of the sensitivity of the Arctic climate to changes in radiation. Eureka, Nunavut (80 degrees N, 86 degrees 25 ' W, 10 m), Canada, is a research station located on Ellesmere Island. A large suite of ground-based remote sensors at Eureka provides the opportunity to make measurements of cloud microphysics using multiple instruments and methodologies. In this paper, cloud microphysical properties are presented using a retrieval method that utilizes infrared radiances obtained from an infrared spectrometer at Eureka between March 2006 and April 2009. These retrievals provide a characterization of the microphysics of ice and liquid in clouds with visible optical depths between 0.25 and 6, which are a class of clouds whose radiative properties depend greatly on their microphysical properties. The results are compared with other studies that use different methodologies at Eureka, providing context for multimethod perspectives. The authors' findings are supportive of previous studies, including seasonal cycles in phase and liquid particle size, weak temperature-phase dependencies, and frequent occurrences of supercooled water. Differences in microphysics are found between mixed-phase and single-phase clouds for both ice and liquid. The Eureka results are compared with those obtained using a similar retrieval technique during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) experiment. C1 [Cox, Christopher J.; Rowe, Penny M.; Walden, Von P.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Shupe, Matthew D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shupe, Matthew D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Cox, CJ (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, McClure Hall 305B, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM ccox@vandals.uidaho.edu RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Cox, Christopher/O-4276-2016 OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; Cox, Christopher/0000-0003-2203-7173 FU National Science Foundation [ANS 0632177, ARC 0632187, ARC 0856773]; Idaho's Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) [NSF EPS 0814387]; Department of Energy Atmospheric Systems Research (ASR) program [DE-FG02-06ER64167, DE-SC0008830, DE-SC0007005] FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation Grants ANS 0632177, ARC 0632187 and ARC 0856773, by Idaho's Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) (NSF EPS 0814387), and by the Department of Energy Atmospheric Systems Research (ASR) program (Grants DE-FG02-06ER64167, DE-SC0008830, and DE-SC0007005). All measurements from Eureka were supported by the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) Physical Sciences Division, with special thanks to Taneil Uttal. We are grateful to the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC) technicians for operating the instruments at Eureka from March 2006 through April 2009 and to the Environment Canada Weather Station at Eureka for their support. Additional observational data used in this study were provided by NOAA ESRL Global Monitoring Division (Pieter P. Tans, Jim Elkins, Jim Butler, Steve Montzka, and Thayne Thompson) and the Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive (IGRA). Computational support was provided by the Space Science and Engineering Center (SSEC) of the University of WisconsinMadison. We are thankful for comments from anonymous reviewers, which helped improve the manuscript. NR 76 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 53 IS 3 BP 772 EP 791 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0113.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD2AL UT WOS:000333034700014 ER PT J AU Saha, S Moorthi, S Wu, XR Wang, J Nadiga, S Tripp, P Behringer, D Hou, YT Chuang, HY Iredell, M Ek, M Meng, J Yang, RQ Mendez, MP Van Den Dool, H Zhang, Q Wang, WQ Chen, MY Becker, E AF Saha, Suranjana Moorthi, Shrinivas Wu, Xingren Wang, Jiande Nadiga, Sudhir Tripp, Patrick Behringer, David Hou, Yu-Tai Chuang, Hui-Ya Iredell, Mark Ek, Michael Meng, Jesse Yang, Rongqian Mendez, Malaquias Pena Van Den Dool, Huug Zhang, Qin Wang, Wanqiu Chen, Mingyue Becker, Emily TI The NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Operational forecasting; Hindcasts; Coupled models; Land surface model; Ocean models; Seasonal forecasting ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; MODEL; PREDICTION; LONGWAVE; RRTM; CFS AB The second version of the NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFSv2) was made operational at NCEP in March 2011. This version has upgrades to nearly all aspects of the data assimilation and forecast model components of the system. A coupled reanalysis was made over a 32-yr period (1979-2010), which provided the initial conditions to carry out a comprehensive reforecast over 29 years (1982-2010). This was done to obtain consistent and stable calibrations, as well as skill estimates for the operational subseasonal and seasonal predictions at NCEP with CFSv2. The operational implementation of the full system ensures a continuity of the climate record and provides a valuable up-to-date dataset to study many aspects of predictability on the seasonal and subseasonal scales. Evaluation of the reforecasts show that the CFSv2 increases the length of skillful MJO forecasts from 6 to 17 days (dramatically improving subseasonal forecasts), nearly doubles the skill of seasonal forecasts of 2-m temperatures over the United States, and significantly improves global SST forecasts over its predecessor. The CFSv2 not only provides greatly improved guidance at these time scales but also creates many more products for subseasonal and seasonal forecasting with an extensive set of retrospective forecasts for users to calibrate their forecast products. These retrospective and real-time operational forecasts will be used by a wide community of users in their decision making processes in areas such as water management for rivers and agriculture, transportation, energy use by utilities, wind and other sustainable energy, and seasonal prediction of the hurricane season. C1 [Saha, Suranjana; Moorthi, Shrinivas; Behringer, David; Hou, Yu-Tai; Chuang, Hui-Ya; Iredell, Mark; Ek, Michael] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Wu, Xingren; Nadiga, Sudhir; Tripp, Patrick; Meng, Jesse; Yang, Rongqian; Mendez, Malaquias Pena] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Wang, Jiande] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Largo, MD USA. [Van Den Dool, Huug; Zhang, Qin; Wang, Wanqiu; Chen, Mingyue] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Becker, Emily] Wyle Lab Inc, Arlington, VA USA. RP Saha, S (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM suranjana.saha@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 296 Z9 312 U1 19 U2 102 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 27 IS 6 BP 2185 EP 2208 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00823.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AC7CO UT WOS:000332684800001 ER PT J AU Maloney, ED Camargo, SJ Chang, E Colle, B Fu, R Geil, KL Hu, Q Jiang, XA Johnson, N Karnauskas, KB Kinter, J Kirtman, B Kumar, S Langenbrunner, B Lombardo, K Long, LN Mariotti, A Meyerson, JE Mo, KC Neelin, JD Pan, ZT Seager, R Serra, Y Seth, A Sheffield, J Stroeve, J Thibeault, J Xie, SP Wang, CZ Wyman, B Zhao, M AF Maloney, Eric D. Camargo, Suzana J. Chang, Edmund Colle, Brian Fu, Rong Geil, Kerrie L. Hu, Qi Jiang, Xianan Johnson, Nathaniel Karnauskas, Kristopher B. Kinter, James Kirtman, Benjamin Kumar, Sanjiv Langenbrunner, Baird Lombardo, Kelly Long, Lindsey N. Mariotti, Annarita Meyerson, Joyce E. Mo, Kingtse C. Neelin, J. David Pan, Zaitao Seager, Richard Serra, Yolande Seth, Anji Sheffield, Justin Stroeve, Julienne Thibeault, Jeanne Xie, Shang-Ping Wang, Chunzai Wyman, Bruce Zhao, Ming TI North American Climate in CMIP5 Experiments: Part III: Assessment of Twenty-First-Century Projections* SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Review DE North America; Climate models; Climate prediction; Climate change ID CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY; FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; EL-NINO; COUPLED MODEL; TROPICAL CYCLONES; MIDSUMMER DROUGHT; WARMER CLIMATE; INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; HISTORICAL SIMULATIONS AB In part III of a three-part study on North American climate in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) models, the authors examine projections of twenty-first-century climate in the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) emission experiments. This paper summarizes and synthesizes results from several coordinated studies by the authors. Aspects of North American climate change that are examined include changes in continental-scale temperature and the hydrologic cycle, extremes events, and storm tracks, as well as regional manifestations of these climate variables. The authors also examine changes in the eastern North Pacific and North Atlantic tropical cyclone activity and North American intraseasonal to decadal variability, including changes in teleconnections to other regions of the globe. Projected changes are generally consistent with those previously published for CMIP3, although CMIP5 model projections differ importantly from those of CMIP3 in some aspects, including CMIP5 model agreement on increased central California precipitation. The paper also highlights uncertainties and limitations based on current results as priorities for further research. Although many projected changes in North American climate are consistent across CMIP5 models, substantial intermodel disagreement exists in other aspects. Areas of disagreement include projections of changes in snow water equivalent on a regional basis, summer Arctic sea ice extent, the magnitude and sign of regional precipitation changes, extreme heat events across the northern United States, and Atlantic and east Pacific tropical cyclone activity. C1 [Maloney, Eric D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Camargo, Suzana J.; Seager, Richard] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Chang, Edmund; Colle, Brian] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Fu, Rong] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX USA. [Geil, Kerrie L.; Serra, Yolande] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Hu, Qi] Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. [Jiang, Xianan] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Johnson, Nathaniel; Xie, Shang-Ping] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Karnauskas, Kristopher B.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kinter, James] George Mason Univ, Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci Dept, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Kinter, James; Kumar, Sanjiv] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Fairfax, VA USA. [Kirtman, Benjamin] Univ Miami, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL USA. [Langenbrunner, Baird; Meyerson, Joyce E.; Neelin, J. David] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Lombardo, Kelly] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Avery Point, CT USA. [Long, Lindsey N.] Wyle Sci Technol & Engn, College Pk, MD USA. [Long, Lindsey N.; Mo, Kingtse C.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Mariotti, Annarita] NOAA, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Pan, Zaitao] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Seth, Anji; Thibeault, Jeanne] Univ Connecticut, Dept Geog, Storrs, CT USA. [Sheffield, Justin] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Stroeve, Julienne] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Wyman, Bruce; Zhao, Ming] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Maloney, ED (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1371 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM emaloney@atmos.colostate.edu RI Camargo, Suzana/C-6106-2009; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; Xie, Shang-Ping/C-1254-2009; Maloney, Eric/A-9327-2008; Serra, Yolande/I-3457-2015; Johnson, Nathaniel/L-8045-2015; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014 OI Camargo, Suzana/0000-0002-0802-5160; Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; Xie, Shang-Ping/0000-0002-3676-1325; Maloney, Eric/0000-0002-2660-2611; Serra, Yolande/0000-0003-3542-1158; Johnson, Nathaniel/0000-0003-4906-178X; FU NOAA Climate Program Office Modeling, Analysis, Predictions and Projections (MAPP) Program as part of the CMIP5 Task Force; National Science Foundation [AGS-1025584] FX We acknowledge three reviewers whose insightful comments led to significant improvements in the manuscript. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modeling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table 1 of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the U. S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. The authors acknowledge the support of NOAA Climate Program Office Modeling, Analysis, Predictions and Projections (MAPP) Program as part of the CMIP5 Task Force. EDM was also supported by the Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics Program of the National Science Foundation under Grant AGS-1025584. NR 138 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 9 U2 91 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 27 IS 6 BP 2230 EP 2270 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00273.1 PG 41 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AC7CO UT WOS:000332684800003 ER PT J AU Deser, C Phillips, AS Alexander, MA Smoliak, BV AF Deser, Clara Phillips, Adam S. Alexander, Michael A. Smoliak, Brian V. TI Projecting North American Climate over the Next 50 Years: Uncertainty due to Internal Variability* SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Anomalies; Decadal variability; Climate variability; Interdecadal variability; Trends ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; DECADAL PREDICTABILITY; PACIFIC; OSCILLATION; ATLANTIC; TELECONNECTIONS; PATTERNS; RAINFALL; TRENDS; IMPACT AB This study highlights the relative importance of internally generated versus externally forced climate trends over the next 50 yr (2010-60) at local and regional scales over North America in two global coupled model ensembles. Both ensembles contain large numbers of integrations (17 and 40): each of which is subject to identical anthropogenic radiative forcing (e.g., greenhouse gas increase) but begins from a slightly different initial atmospheric state. Thus, the diversity of projected climate trends within each model ensemble is due solely to intrinsic, unpredictable variability of the climate system. Both model ensembles show that natural climate variability superimposed upon forced climate change will result in a range of possible future trends for surface air temperature and precipitation over the next 50 yr. Precipitation trends are particularly subject to uncertainty as a result of internal variability, with signal-to-noise ratios less than 2. Intrinsic atmospheric circulation variability is mainly responsible for the spread in future climate trends, imparting regional coherence to the internally driven air temperature and precipitation trends. The results underscore the importance of conducting a large number of climate change projections with a given model, as each realization will contain a different superposition of unforced and forced trends. Such initial-condition ensembles are also needed to determine the anthropogenic climate response at local and regional scales and provide a new perspective on how to usefully compare climate change projections across models. C1 [Deser, Clara; Phillips, Adam S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Alexander, Michael A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Smoliak, Brian V.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Deser, C (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM cdeser@ucar.edu RI Smoliak, Brian/E-1951-2013; Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI Smoliak, Brian/0000-0001-6769-9205; Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 FU National Science Foundation FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 49 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 6 U2 66 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 27 IS 6 BP 2271 EP 2296 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00451.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AC7CO UT WOS:000332684800004 ER PT J AU Becker, EJ van den Dool, H Pena, M AF Becker, Emily J. van den Dool, Huug Pena, Malaquias TI Short-term climate extremes: Prediction skill and predictability (vol 26, pg 512, 2013) SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Correction DE Climate prediction C1 [Becker, Emily J.; van den Dool, Huug] NOAA, NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Pena, Malaquias] NOAA, NWS NCEP, IMSG Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Becker, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, NCWCP, Climate Predict Ctr, W NP5,5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM emily.becker@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 27 IS 6 BP 2475 EP 2475 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00032.1 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AC7CO UT WOS:000332684800017 ER PT J AU Lehnert, H Stone, RP Drumm, D AF Lehnert, Helmut Stone, Robert P. Drumm, David TI Geodia starki sp nov ( Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article DE new species; Porifera; Demospongiae; Astrophorida; Geodia; Aleutian Islands; North Pacific; Alaska AB A new species of Geodia is described from the North Pacific, collected in the summer of 2012 in the western Aleutian Islands. Geodia starki sp. nov. differs from all known species of Geodia by the possession of two categories of sterrasters and exceptionally large megascleres. The new species is compared with congeners of the North Pacific Ocean, Bering Sea, Arctic and the North Atlantic Oceans. C1 [Stone, Robert P.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Drumm, David] NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lehnert, H (reprint author), Eichenstr 14, D-86507 Oberottmarshausen, Germany. EM Lehnert@spongetaxonomics.de FU North Pacific Research Board [1016]; Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle; Alaska Fisheries Science Center of NOAA/NMFS FX David Drumm was supported by the North Pacific Research Board (Grant number 1016) and the Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle. Helmut Lehnert was supported by a contract from the Alaska Fisheries Science Center of NOAA/NMFS. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 EI 1469-7769 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 94 IS 2 BP 261 EP 265 DI 10.1017/S002531541300101X PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AC8JR UT WOS:000332779800005 ER PT J AU Zook, JM Chapman, B Wang, J Mittelman, D Hofmann, O Hide, W Salit, M AF Zook, Justin M. Chapman, Brad Wang, Jason Mittelman, David Hofmann, Oliver Hide, Winston Salit, Marc TI Integrating human sequence data sets provides a resource of benchmark SNP and indel genotype calls SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENOME; CANCER; MUTATIONS; FRAMEWORK; EXOME; MAP AB Clinical adoption of human genome sequencing requires methods that output genotypes with known accuracy at millions or billions of positions across a genome. Because of substantial discordance among calls made by existing sequencing methods and algorithms, there is a need for a highly accurate set of genotypes across a genome that can be used as a benchmark. Here we present methods to make high-confidence, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), indel and homozygous reference genotype calls for NA12878, the pilot genome for the Genome in a Bottle Consortium. We minimize bias toward any method by integrating and arbitrating between 14 data sets from five sequencing technologies, seven read mappers and three variant callers. We identify regions for which no confident genotype call could be made, and classify them into different categories based on reasons for uncertainty. Our genotype calls are publicly available on the Genome Comparison and Analytic Testing website to enable real-time benchmarking of any method. C1 [Zook, Justin M.; Salit, Marc] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chapman, Brad; Hofmann, Oliver; Hide, Winston] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Bioinformat Core, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wang, Jason; Mittelman, David] Arpeggi Inc, Austin, TX USA. [Mittelman, David] Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Mittelman, David] Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Zook, JM (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jzook@nist.gov RI Zook, Justin/B-7000-2008; Hide, Winston Hide/C-7217-2009 OI Hofmann, Oliver/0000-0002-7738-1513; Zook, Justin/0000-0003-2309-8402; Hide, Winston Hide/0000-0002-8621-3271 FU US Food and Drug Administration High Performance Computing; Archon Genomics X PRIZE FX We thank J. Johnson and A. Varadarajan from the Archon Genomics X Prize and EdgeBio for contributing their whole-genome sequencing data from SOLiD and Illumina, Complete Genomics and Life Technologies for providing bam files for NAl2878, and the Broad Institute and 1000 Genomes Project for making publicly available barn and VCF files for NAl2878. The Illumina exome data on GCAT were given to the Mittelman laboratory by M. Linderman at Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. We thank the US Food and Drug Administration High Performance Computing staff for their support in running the bioinformatics analyses. Harvard School of Public Health contributions were funded by the Archon Genomics X PRIZE. Certain commercial equipment, instruments or materials are identified in this document. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the products identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 25 TC 131 Z9 131 U1 4 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 EI 1546-1696 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 32 IS 3 BP 246 EP 251 DI 10.1038/nbt.2835 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA AC8YA UT WOS:000332819800022 PM 24531798 ER PT J AU Grand, MM Buck, CS Landing, WM Measures, CI Hatta, M Hiscock, WT Brown, M Resing, JA AF Grand, Maxime M. Buck, Clifton S. Landing, William M. Measures, Christopher I. Hatta, Mariko Hiscock, William T. Brown, Matthew Resing, Joseph A. TI Quantifying the Impact of Atmospheric Deposition on the Biogeochemistry of Fe and Al in the Upper Ocean A Decade of Collaboration with the US CLIVAR-CO2 Repeat Hydrography Program SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID TRACE-ELEMENTS; ALUMINUM; DUST; SYSTEM C1 [Grand, Maxime M.; Measures, Christopher I.; Hatta, Mariko] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Buck, Clifton S.] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA USA. [Landing, William M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Hiscock, William T.] Thermo Fisher Sci, N Ryde, NSW, Australia. [Brown, Matthew] Flagler Coll, Dept Nat Sci, St Augustine, FL USA. [Resing, Joseph A.] NOAA, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, PMEL, Seattle, WA USA. [Resing, Joseph A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Grand, MM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM maxime@hawaii.edu RI Buck, Clifton/F-5820-2010; OI Buck, Clifton/0000-0002-5691-9636; Grand, Maxime/0000-0001-9338-694X FU NSF [OCE 0223397, 0649584, 0962393, OCE 0649639, 0223378, 0962158, OCE 223504, 0649505] FX We thank Richard Feely for inviting us to join CLIVAR and Bob Duce and an anonymous reviewer for valuable comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. We are indebted to the captains and crews of R/Vs Roger Revelle, Melville, Nathaniel B. Palmer, Thomas G. Thompson, and Ronald H. Brown for their tremendous support and to Chris Linder for the underwater photo of the TM rosette. This research was funded by NSF grants OCE 0223397, 0649584, and 0962393 to CIM, OCE 0649639, 0223378, and 0962158 to WML, and OCE 223504 and 0649505 to JAR. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 19 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD MAR PY 2014 VL 27 IS 1 BP 62 EP 65 PG 4 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AC7YK UT WOS:000332750000009 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W AF Wong-Ng, Winnie TI The 2013 Materials Science &Technology Conference & Exhibition (MS&T'13) SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article C1 NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 EI 1945-7413 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 29 IS 1 BP 89 EP 91 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA AC5XN UT WOS:000332594400019 ER PT J AU Naman, SM Kiffney, PM Pess, GR Buehrens, TW Bennett, TR AF Naman, S. M. Kiffney, P. M. Pess, G. R. Buehrens, T. W. Bennett, T. R. TI ABUNDANCE AND BODY CONDITION OF SCULPIN (COTTUS SPP.) IN A SMALL FOREST STREAM FOLLOWING RECOLONIZATION BY JUVENILE COHO SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS KISUTCH SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE sculpin; Pacific salmon; recolonization; streams ID CUTTHROAT TROUT; PACIFIC SALMON; SLIMY SCULPIN; HABITAT USE; GIANT SALAMANDERS; LABORATORY STREAM; PHYSICAL HABITAT; NONNATIVE TROUT; TORRENT SCULPIN; FISH AB Recolonization by native species following reintroduction can affect resident species through a variety of processes. We examined the effects of natural recolonization by coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch on sculpin (Cottus rhotus and Cottus gulosus), small benthic fishes, in a small forest stream in Western Washington, USA. Provision fish passage around a small dam allowed coho access to habitat, which had been inaccessible for over 100years. We found that density (gm(-2) and number m(-2)) was unchanged, and body condition (the slope of the relationship between length and weight) of sculpin tended to increase from before relative to a 5-year period following recolonization. The proportion of sculpin comprising the total fish assemblage decreased after coho colonization relative to before but remained stable for a 5-year period after coho reintroduction, whereas coho density increased over fivefold. Additionally, we used Akaike's information criteria to evaluate the relative importance of physical and biological variables to predict sculpin density in pool habitats during the initial coho recolonization period. Physical microhabitat variables had little support for predicting sculpin density, whereas there was a significant support for stream temperature; cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) density and year were the most important predictors of sculpin density. Coho density was not significant in any model. Our results indicate coho introduction and subsequent recolonization have to date had minimal individual or population level effects on sculpin, therefore demonstrating that species reintroductions into their native range can have no measurable effect on resident organisms. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Naman, S. M.; Kiffney, P. M.; Pess, G. R.; Bennett, T. R.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Naman, S. M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Kiffney, P. M.] Hedmark Univ Coll, Fac Forestry & Wildlife Management, Koppang, Norway. [Buehrens, T. W.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Buehrens, T. W.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Kiffney, PM (reprint author), NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM peter.kiffney@noaa.gov FU Seattle Public Utilities Cedar River Anadromous Fish Commission; Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX We are extremely grateful to R. Klett, K. Kloehn, E. Buhle, J. Hall, J. Cram, S. Morley, K. Macneale, P. Roni, R. Holland, M. Leirmann and V. Pelekis from the Northwest Fisheries Science Center, J. Anderson, N. Kendell and T. Jacks from the University of Washington and numerous undergraduate interns for their invaluable field assistance. D. Shull, S. Morley, P. Roni, R. Tabor, M. Carey and one anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. M. Leirmann provided statistical advice. This work was funded by the Seattle Public Utilities Cedar River Anadromous Fish Commission and the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 30 IS 3 BP 360 EP 371 DI 10.1002/rra.2643 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AD1YF UT WOS:000333028900008 ER PT J AU Goetz, F Jasonowicz, A Johnson, R Biga, P Fischer, G Sitar, S AF Goetz, Frederick Jasonowicz, Andrew Johnson, Ronald Biga, Peggy Fischer, Greg Sitar, Shawn TI Physiological differences between lean and siscowet lake trout morphotypes: Are these metabolotypes? SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WHITEFISH SPECIES PAIRS; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; MUSCLE FAT-CONTENT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; GENETIC-BASIS; ARCTIC CHARR; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; SERUM-LIPOPROTEINS AB Results of a past study on lean and siscowet lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) reared under identical conditions from conception indicated that differences in growth and morphometry between these morphotypes have a genetic basis. Using these cultured lake trout, we found that siscowet lake trout had higher lipid levels and lower glycogen levels as compared with lean lake trout in skeletal muscle and liver. Lean lake trout also had higher circulating levels of lipids and glucose compared with siscowet lake trout. Analysis of F-1 progeny from crosses of the cultured morphotypes showed that progeny of crosses between siscowet females and siscowet males had higher lipid levels than all other crosses. The combined results indicate that the lake trout morphotypes differ substantially in the storage of energy, which may be related to their specific life histories. Siscowets store energy preferentially as lipid and appear to be more efficient in moving lipid from the blood into the muscle and liver. The lipid in siscowets may be adaptive for regulating buoyancy as well as an essential energy reserve for reproduction. C1 [Goetz, Frederick; Jasonowicz, Andrew] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Freshwater Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. [Johnson, Ronald] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Biga, Peggy] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Fischer, Greg] Univ Wisconsin Stevens Point, Northern Aquaculture Demonstrat Facil, Bayfield, WI 54814 USA. [Sitar, Shawn] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Marquette Fisheries Res Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. RP Goetz, F (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, 7305 Beach Dr East, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. EM rick.goetz@noaa.gov FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; US Fish and Wildlife Service Great Lakes Fish and Wildlife Restoration Act FX This research was supported by a grant to F. Goetz and S. Sitar from the Great Lakes Fishery Commission and a grant from the US Fish and Wildlife Service Great Lakes Fish and Wildlife Restoration Act to F. Goetz. Special thanks are extended to Jim Barron, Justin Wernecke, Doug Immerman, Adam Gilmore, Matthew Nichols, and Erin Weber for taking care of the lean and siscowet lines that were used in this study, to Patrick Anderson for conducting the glycogen assays, and to Eric Kroeger for helping with the muscle lipid analyses. NR 67 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 24 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 71 IS 3 BP 427 EP 435 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AC3ZT UT WOS:000332461000010 ER PT J AU Schobernd, ZH Bacheler, NM Conn, PB AF Schobernd, Zeb H. Bacheler, Nathan M. Conn, Paul B. TI Examining the utility of alternative video monitoring metrics for indexing reef fish abundance SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BAITED UNDERWATER VIDEO; SPECIES RICHNESS; RELATIVE DENSITY; PAGRUS-AURATUS; SIZE STRUCTURE; MARINE PARK; CAMERA; ASSEMBLAGES; STATIONS; BEHAVIOR AB Underwater video has become an important tool for monitoring reef fish populations worldwide because it is nonextractive and not strongly selective. A variety of approaches have been developed to enumerate fish on videos, but to our knowledge these metrics have not been tested to determine if they are proportional to true abundance. We compared the most commonly used metric, MaxN (i.e., the maximum number of fish in a single frame during the viewing interval), to a newly developed metric, MeanCount (i.e., the mean number of fish observed in a series of snapshots over a viewing interval), using simulations, a laboratory experiment, and an empirical study. MaxN was nonlinearly related to true abundance using all three approaches, providing increasingly dampened estimates of abundance with increasing true abundance (i.e., hyperstability). Therefore, MaxN may result in positively biased indices of abundance for declining fish stocks or negatively biased abundance indices when fish stocks are increasing. Alternatively, MeanCount was generally linearly related to true abundance and its variability was similar to MaxN, suggesting that MeanCount can be useful for indexing abundance of fish in underwater video surveys. C1 [Schobernd, Zeb H.; Bacheler, Nathan M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Conn, Paul B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Schobernd, ZH (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM zeb.schobernd@noaa.gov NR 48 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 27 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 71 IS 3 BP 464 EP 471 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AC3ZT UT WOS:000332461000013 ER PT J AU Fogarty, MJ AF Fogarty, Michael J. TI The art of ecosystem-based fishery management SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SURPLUS PRODUCTION MODELS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; STOCK ASSESSMENT; STRATEGY EVALUATION; REFERENCE POINTS; FISHING IMPACTS; COASTAL WATERS; OPTIMUM YIELD; FRESH-WATER; COMMUNITY AB The perception that ecosystem-based fishery management is too complex and poorly defined remains a primary impediment to its broadscale adoption and implementation. Here, I attempt to offer potential solutions to these concerns. Specifically, I focus on pathways that can contribute to overall simplification by moving toward integrated place-based management plans and away from large numbers of species-based plans; by using multispecies or ecosystem models and indicators that permit the simultaneous and consistent assessment of ecosystem components while also incorporating broader environmental factors; and by consolidating individual administrative and regulatory functions now mostly dealt with on a species-by-species basis into a more integrated framework for system-wide decision-making. The approach focuses on emergent properties at the community and ecosystem levels and seeks to identify simpler modeling and analysis tools for evaluation. Adoption of ecosystem-based management procedures relying on simple decision rules and metrics is advocated. It is recommended that we replace static concepts for individual species focusing on maximum sustainable yield with a dynamic ecosystem yield framework that involves setting system-wide reference points along with constraints to protect individual species, habitats, and nontarget organisms in a dynamic environmental setting. C1 NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Fogarty, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM michael.fogarty@noaa.gov NR 180 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 8 U2 79 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 71 IS 3 BP 479 EP 490 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0203 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AC3ZT UT WOS:000332461000015 ER PT J AU Ross, D Munson, MS AF Ross, David Munson, Matthew S. TI Gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis with channel current detection in relatively long capillaries SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE Channel current detection; Enzyme assay; GEMBE ID ARRAY ELECTROPHORESIS AB A variant of gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis with channel current detection is described, which uses relatively long channels (1.5 cm) for separation and detection. The signal for each analyte is determined to have the shape of a parabola ending with a break in slope. The capabilities of the new method are demonstrated for separation and quantitation of ATP and ADP, a measurement relevant for high-throughput screening assays. The results indicate that the new method is capable of reproducibly measuring the ratio of ADP concentration to ATP plus ADP concentration with an analysis time of less than 2 min and with a 1 SD uncertainty of 0.018 (over a range of 0-1). C1 [Ross, David; Munson, Matthew S.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ross, D (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, 100 Bureau Dr,Mail Stop 8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.ross@nist.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0173-0835 EI 1522-2683 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD MAR PY 2014 VL 35 IS 5 SI SI BP 770 EP 776 DI 10.1002/elps.201300253 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA AC2OU UT WOS:000332342200020 PM 24115153 ER PT J AU Berg, RF Gooding, T Vest, RE AF Berg, Robert F. Gooding, Timothy Vest, Robert E. TI Constant pressure primary flow standard for gas flows from 0.01 cm(3)/min to 100 cm(3)/min (0.007-74 mu mol/s) SO FLOW MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Constant pressure flow meter; Gas flow; Primary gas flow standard; Piston prover ID FLOWMETER; METER; VACUUM; PA AB We describe a flow standard for gas flows in the range from 0.01 sccm to 100 sccm with a relative standard uncertainty (68% confidence) of 0.03% at 1 sccm (1 sccm 1 cm(3)/min of an ideal gas at 101325 Pa and 0 degrees C approximate to 0.74358 mu mol/s). The flow standard calibrates a secondary meter by withdrawing a piston from a cylinder held at constant pressure P while gas flows from the secondary meter into the cylinder. The flow standard can operate anywhere in the range 10 kPa < P < 300 kPa, and it can act as a flow source as well as a flow receiver. The flow standard incorporated features that improved its convenience and lowered its cost without sacrificing accuracy, specifically (1) dry sliding seals made with commercially available, easily replaced, o-rings, (2) a compact design based on a commercially available, hollow piston, and (3) a linear encoder with a small Abbe error. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Berg, Robert F.; Gooding, Timothy; Vest, Robert E.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Berg, RF (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.berg@nist.gov FU U.S. Army Primary Standards Laboratory; U.S. Navy Primary Standards Laboratory [N6426711MP00026, MIPR1JO13STC17, MIPR2GO13STC06] FX We thank Stuart Berg for help with microcontrollers and Tom Lucatorto for suggesting the use of a data acquisition device controlled by LabView. We thank also Aaron Hignite, Rusty Kauffman, and Miles Owen for help with the final testing at APSL. Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Army Primary Standards Laboratory and the U.S. Navy Primary Standards Laboratory under N6426711MP00026, MIPR1JO13STC17, and MIPR2GO13STC06. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-5986 EI 1873-6998 J9 FLOW MEAS INSTRUM JI Flow Meas. Instrum. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 35 BP 84 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2013.12.002 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AC8UU UT WOS:000332811400011 ER PT J AU Hu, B Gharavi, H AF Hu, Bin Gharavi, Hamid TI Smart Grid Mesh Network Security Using Dynamic Key Distribution With Merkle Tree 4-Way Handshaking SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID LA English DT Article DE IEEE 802.11s; EMSA; SAE; security attacks; security protocols; smart grid; wireless mesh networks AB Distributed mesh sensor networks provide cost-effective communications for deployment in various smart grid domains, such as home area networks (HAN), neighborhood area networks (NAN), and substation/plant-generation local area networks. This paper introduces a dynamically updating key distribution strategy to enhance mesh network security against cyber attack. The scheme has been applied to two security protocols known as simultaneous authentication of equals (SAE) and efficient mesh security association (EMSA). Since both protocols utilize 4-way handshaking, we propose a Merkle-tree based handshaking scheme, which is capable of improving the resiliency of the network in a situation where an intruder carries a denial of service attack. Finally, by developing a denial of service attack model, we can then evaluate the security of the proposed schemes against cyber attack, as well as network performance in terms of delay and overhead. C1 [Hu, Bin; Gharavi, Hamid] Adv Network Technol, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hu, B (reprint author), Adv Network Technol, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bhu@nist.gov; Gharavi@nist.gov NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1949-3053 EI 1949-3061 J9 IEEE T SMART GRID JI IEEE Trans. Smart Grid PD MAR PY 2014 VL 5 IS 2 BP 550 EP 558 DI 10.1109/TSG.2013.2277963 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AB7QH UT WOS:000331985300002 ER PT J AU Dienstfrey, A Hale, PD AF Dienstfrey, Andrew Hale, Paul D. TI Analysis for dynamic metrology SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dynamic metrology; waveform metrology; oscilloscope; pulse; deconvolution ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM; DECONVOLUTION AB Diverse measurement contexts require estimates of time-varying quantities. Ideally the measurement device responds to signal variations more rapidly than the modulation of the signal itself. If so, then well-developed techniques may be used for the calibration and analysis of the measurement system. By contrast, as the characteristic timescales for signal modulation and measurement response become commensurate, the situation becomes more complicated; directly measured quantities may require correction for the finite bandwidth of the measurement system response. Toward this goal heuristic estimation rules have evolved over time and are now widely used. We rederive these common rules of thumb, and present sufficient conditions for their validity. Furthermore, we investigate their quantitative performance in cases for which these conditions are violated and encounter surprisingly poor results. As an alternative, we demonstrate that regularized deconvolution analysis exhibits more general quantitative utility at the expense of increased measurement burden and analytical complexity. C1 [Dienstfrey, Andrew; Hale, Paul D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Dienstfrey, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM andrew.dienstfrey@nist.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 25 IS 3 AR 035001 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/25/3/035001 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AC7HI UT WOS:000332698400002 ER PT J AU Ging, J Tejerina-Anton, R Ramakrishnan, G Nielsen, M Murphy, K Gorham, JM Nguyen, T Orlov, A AF Ging, James Tejerina-Anton, Raul Ramakrishnan, Girish Nielsen, Mark Murphy, Kyle Gorham, Justin M. Tinh Nguyen Orlov, Alexander TI Development of a conceptual framework for evaluation of nanomaterials release from nanocomposites: Environmental and toxicological implications SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE CNT-epoxy nanocomposites; Environmental degradation; Degradation products; Nanomaterial release; Nanomaterial toxicity ID MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; REINFORCED EPOXY COMPOSITES; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; DIFFERENTIAL TOXICITY; POTENTIAL RELEASE; CELLULAR UPTAKE; DEGRADATION; NANOPARTICLES; COATINGS; MICE AB Despite the fact that nanomaterials are considered potentially hazardous in a freely dispersed form, they are often considered safe when encapsulated into a polymer matrix. However, systematic research to confirm the abovementioned paradigm is lacking. Our data indicates that there are possible mechanisms of nanomaterial release from nanocomposites due to exposure to environmental conditions, especially UV radiation. The degradation of the polymer matrix and potential release of nanomaterials depend on the nature of the nanofillers and the polymer matrix, as well as on the nature of environmental exposure, such as the combination of UV, moisture, mechanical stress and other factors. To the best of our knowledge there is no systematic study that addresses all these effects. We present here an initial study of the stability of nanocomposites exposed to environmental conditions, where carbon nanotube (CNT) containing polymer composites were evaluated with various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. This work discusses various degradation mechanisms of CNT polymer nanocomposites, including such factors as UV, moisture and mechanical damage. An in vivo ingestion study with Drosophila showed reduced survivorship at each dose tested with free amine-functionalized CNTs, while there was no toxicity when these CNTs were embedded in epoxy. In addition to developing new paradigms in terms of safety of nanocomposites, the outcomes of this research can lead to recommendations on safer design strategies for the next generation of CNT-containing products. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ging, James; Tejerina-Anton, Raul; Ramakrishnan, Girish; Orlov, Alexander] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Nielsen, Mark; Murphy, Kyle] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Gorham, Justin M.; Tinh Nguyen] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Orlov, A (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Room 314 Old Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM alexander.orlov@stonybrook.edu OI Gorham, Justin/0000-0002-0569-297X FU NSF CBET Award [1342028] FX This research has been supported by the NSF CBET Award 1342028. NR 52 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 473 BP 9 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.135 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB6UB UT WOS:000331923900002 PM 24361443 ER PT J AU McCarty, GW Hapeman, CJ Rice, CP Hively, WD McConnell, LL Sadeghi, AM Lang, MW Whitall, DR Bialek, K Downey, P AF McCarty, Gregory W. Hapeman, Cathleen J. Rice, Clifford P. Hively, W. Dean McConnell, Laura L. Sadeghi, Ali M. Lang, Megan W. Whitall, David R. Bialek, Krystyna Downey, Peter TI Metolachlor metabolite (MESA) reveals agricultural nitrate-N fate and transport in Choptank River watershed SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Choptank River; Chesapeake Bay; 2-[2-ethyl-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-y1)-6; methylanilino]-2-oxoethanesulfonic acid; Nitrate-N; Well-drained upland; Poorly-drained upland ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; DELMARVA PENINSULA; GLUTATHIONE CONJUGATION; HYDROLOGIC LANDSCAPES; FORESTED WETLANDS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SURFACE-WATER; UNITED-STATES; SOIL; TRANSFORMATION AB Over 50% of streams in the Chesapeake Bay watershed have been rated as poor or very poor based on the index of biological integrity. The Choptank River estuary, a Bay tributary on the eastern shore, is one such waterway, where corn and soybean production in upland areas of the watershed contribute significant loads of nutrients and sediment to streams. We adopted a novel approach utilizing the relationship between the concentration of nitrate-N and the stable, water-soluble herbicide degradation product MESA (2-12-ethyl-N-(1methoxypropan-2-y1)-6-methylanilino1-2-oxoethanesulfonic acid) to distinguish between dilution and denitrification effects on the stream concentration of nitrate-N in agricultural subwatersheds. The ratio of mean nitrate-N concentration/(mean MESA concentration * 1000) for 15 subwatersheds was examined as a function of percent cropland on hydric soil. This inverse relationship (R-2 = 0.65, p <0.001) takes into consideration not only dilution and denitrification of nitrate-N, but also the stream sampling bias of the croplands caused by extensive drainage ditch networks. MESA was also used to track nitrate-N concentrations within the estuary of the Choptank River. The relationship between nitrate-N and MESA concentrations in samples collected over three years was linear (0.95 +/- 0.99) for all eight sampling dates except one where R-2 = 0.90. This very strong correlation indicates that nitrate-N was conserved in much of the Choptank River estuary, that dilution alone is responsible for the changes in nitrate-N and MESA concentrations, and more-importantly nitrate-N loads are not reduced in the estuary prior to entering the Chesapeake Bay. Thus, a critical need exists to minimize nutrient export from agricultural production fields and to identify specific conservation practices to address the hydrologic conditions within each subwatershed. In well drained areas, removal of residual N within the cropland is most critical, and practices such as cover crops which sequester the residual N should be strongly encouraged. In poorly drained areas where denitrification can occur, wetland restoration and controlled drained structures that minimize ditch flow should be used to maximize denitrification. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [McCarty, Gregory W.; Hapeman, Cathleen J.; Rice, Clifford P.; McConnell, Laura L.; Sadeghi, Ali M.; Bialek, Krystyna; Downey, Peter] USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hively, W. Dean] USDA ARS, US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Lang, Megan W.] USDA ARS, No Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv USFS, Beltsville, MD USA. [Whitall, David R.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hapeman, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM cathleen.hapeman@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS intramural research National Programs 211 Water Availability and Watershed Management and 212 Climate Change, Soils, and Emissions; US Geological Survey; USDA-Forest Service; NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; USDA-NRCS Special Emphasis Watershed CEAP (Assessment of Natural Resource Conservation Practice Effectiveness within the Choptank River Watershed) FX The authors wish to acknowledge the extensive discussions and reviews of early drafts of this manuscript by Thomas Jordon (Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD), Thomas Fisher (University of Maryland Center for Environmental Studies, Cambridge, MD), Alba Torrents and Marybeth Shea (University of Maryland, College Park, MD), and Dianna Hogan (USGS, Reston, VA); Jonathan Angier (formerly USDA-ARS) for his early work on nitrate-N and MESA; the dedicated contributions of Anne Lynn, Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS), Annapolis, Maryland; field and technical staff team members Paul Biddle, Anne Gustafson, and Walter Stracke; and many student contributors, especially Molly Monahan, Andrew Kim, Antonio Pereira, Sarah Waterworth, Gabriela Nifio de Guzman, Adrienne Sutton, and Kusuma Prabhakara. Funding for this project was provided by the USDA-ARS intramural research National Programs 211 Water Availability and Watershed Management and 212 Climate Change, Soils, and Emissions; US Geological Survey; USDA-Forest Service; NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; and USDA-NRCS Special Emphasis Watershed CEAP (Assessment of Natural Resource Conservation Practice Effectiveness within the Choptank River Watershed). NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 473 BP 473 EP 482 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.017 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB6UB UT WOS:000331923900053 PM 24388901 ER PT J AU Schanfield, MS Gettings, KB Podini, DS AF Schanfield, Moses S. Gettings, Katherine B. Podini, Daniele S. TI Evolution of the HERC2 eye color gene in Europeans using linkage disequilibrium analysis in four human populations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 83rd Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physical-Anthropologists CY APR 08-12, 2014 CL Calgary, CANADA SP Amer Assoc Phys Anthropologists C1 [Schanfield, Moses S.; Gettings, Katherine B.; Podini, Daniele S.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Gettings, Katherine B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biol Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-9483 EI 1096-8644 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 153 SU 58 SI SI BP 230 EP 231 PG 2 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA AA6RH UT WOS:000331225100741 ER PT J AU Redman, SL Nave, G Sansonetti, CJ AF Redman, Stephen L. Nave, Gillian Sansonetti, Craig J. TI THE SPECTRUM OF THORIUM FROM 250 nm TO 5500 nm: RITZ WAVELENGTHS AND OPTIMIZED ENERGY LEVELS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atomic data; line: identification; methods: data analysis; standards; techniques: radial velocities ID FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT; HOBBY-EBERLY TELESCOPE; HOLLOW-CATHODE LAMPS; OPTOGALVANIC SPECTRA; INFRARED-SPECTRUM; REFERENCE LINES; CLASSIFIED LINES; NEUTRAL NEON; CALIBRATION; URANIUM AB We have made precise observations of a thorium-argon hollow cathode lamp emission spectrum in the region between 350 nm and 1175 nm using a high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer. Our measurements are combined with results from seven previously published thorium line lists to re-optimize the energy levels of neutral, singly, and doubly ionized thorium (Th I, Th II, and Th III). Using the optimized level values, we calculate accurate Ritz wavelengths for 19,874 thorium lines between 250 nm and 5500 nm (40,000 cm(-1) to 1800 cm(-1)). We have also found 102 new thorium energy levels. A systematic analysis of previous measurements in light of our new results allows us to identify and propose corrections for systematic errors in Palmer & Engleman and typographical errors and incorrect classifications in Kerber et al. We also found a large scatter with respect to the thorium line list of Lovis & Pepe. We anticipate that our Ritz wavelengths will lead to improved measurement accuracy for current and future spectrographs that make use of thorium-argon or thorium-neon lamps as calibration standards. C1 [Redman, Stephen L.; Nave, Gillian; Sansonetti, Craig J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Redman, SL (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST FX This research was performed while S. Redman held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 211 IS 1 AR 4 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/211/1/4 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AB9DN UT WOS:000332090200004 ER PT J AU Farooque, TM Camp, CH Tison, CK Kumar, G Parekh, SH Simon, CG AF Farooque, Tanya M. Camp, Charles H., Jr. Tison, Christopher K. Kumar, Girish Parekh, Sapun H. Simon, Carl G., Jr. TI Measuring stem cell dimensionality in tissue scaffolds SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE 3D cell culture; Bone marrow stromal cell; Cell-material interactions; Cell shape; Nanofiber; Tissue engineering ID MARROW STROMAL CELLS; OSTEOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION; NANOFIBROUS SCAFFOLDS; SHAPE; BONE; MORPHOLOGY; HYDROGELS; FATE; SUBSTRATE; STIFFNESS AB Many scaffold systems have evolved for tissue engineering and in vitro tissue models to provide a 3D (three-dimensional) microenvironment that enables cells to behave more physiologically. We hypothesized that cells would adopt morphologies with more 3D character during culture in scaffolds as compared to planar substrates. Cell shape and function are tightly linked and effects of scaffold niche properties on cell shape and dimensionality are important for directing cell function. Herein, primary human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) were cultured in 6 different scaffolds and on a planar control substrate. hBMSCs were imaged using 3D confocal microscopy, and 3D image analyses were used to assess hBMSC shape and dimensionality. A characteristic gyration tensor ellipsoid was calculated for hBMSCs in the different scaffolds which enabled hBMSC dimensionality to be classified based on shape. A "Dimensionality Matrix" was developed that showed that hBMSC shape and dimensionality were influenced by scaffold properties, and that scaffolds could drive hBMSCs into 1D, 2D or 3D shapes. In addition, the hBMSC Z-Depth was measured to determine if hBMSCs became less flat during culture in scaffolds. Z-Depth results showed that all 6 scaffolds caused an increase in cell Z-Depth compared to the 2D planar substrate. These results demonstrate that hBMSCs take on morphologies with greater 3D character in scaffolds than on a planar substrate and that scaffold properties can be adjusted to modify cell dimensionality. In addition, biomaterialists can use this measurement approach to assess and compare scaffold design modifications as they strive to create optimal cell niches that provide a 3D microenvironment. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Farooque, Tanya M.; Camp, Charles H., Jr.; Tison, Christopher K.; Kumar, Girish; Parekh, Sapun H.; Simon, Carl G., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Simon, CG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biosyst & Biomat Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carl.simon@nist.gov FU NIST-ARRA-NRC; NIST-NRC; NIH-NIST-NRC Research Associateships FX TMF, CHC, CKT, GK and SHP were supported by NIST-ARRA-NRC, NIST-NRC and NIH-NIST-NRC Research Associateships. The SEM images were provided by Wojtek Tutak and Sumona Sarkar at NIST. The hBMSCs employed in this work were purchased from the Tulane Center for Gene Therapy (NCRR-NIH P40RR017447). Thanks to David Simmons (University of Akron) for suggesting a gyration tensor to assess dimensionality. The "standard deviation" (S.D.) is the same as the "combined standard uncertainty of the mean" for the purposes of this work. This article, a contribution of NIST, is not subject to US copyright. Certain equipment and instruments or materials are identified in the paper to adequately specify the experimental details. Such identification does not imply recommendation by NIST, nor does it imply the materials are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 69 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 EI 1878-5905 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD MAR PY 2014 VL 35 IS 9 BP 2558 EP 2567 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.12.092 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AC0MH UT WOS:000332188900002 PM 24439397 ER PT J AU Bodey, TW Ward, EJ Phillips, RA McGill, RAR Bearhop, S AF Bodey, Thomas W. Ward, Eric J. Phillips, Richard A. McGill, Rona A. R. Bearhop, Stuart TI Species versus guild level differentiation revealed across the annual cycle by isotopic niche examination SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE procellariiform; stable isotope; seabird; speciation; resource partitioning; diet; competition; character displacement ID CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT; INDIVIDUAL SPECIALIZATION; NONBREEDING ALBATROSSES; STABLE-ISOTOPES; SOUTH GEORGIA; HABITAT PREFERENCES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; MARINE PREDATORS; FEEDING ECOLOGY AB Interspecific competitive interactions typically result in niche differentiation to alleviate competition through mechanisms including character displacement. However, competition is not the sole constraint on resource partitioning, and its effects are mediated by factors including the environmental context in which species coexist. Colonial seabirds provide an excellent opportunity to investigate the importance of competition in shaping realized niche widths because their life histories lead to variation in intra- and interspecific competition across the annual cycle. Dense breeding aggregations result in intense competition for prey in surrounding waters, whereas non-breeding dispersal to larger geographical areas produces lower densities of competitors. Bayesian hierarchical models of the isotopic niche, closely aligned to the trophic niche, reveal the degree of segregation between species and functional groups during both time periods. Surprisingly, species explained far more of the variance in the isotopic niche during the non-breeding than the breeding period. Our results underline the key role of non-breeding dynamics in alleviating competition and promoting distinctions between species through the facilitation of resource partitioning. Such situations may be common in a diverse range of communities sustained by ephemeral but abundant food items. This highlights how consideration of the hierarchical grouping of competitive interactions alongside consideration of abiotic constraints across the complete annual cycle allows a full understanding of the role of competition in driving patterns of character displacement. C1 [Bodey, Thomas W.; Bearhop, Stuart] Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, England. [Ward, Eric J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Phillips, Richard A.] British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [McGill, Rona A. R.] SUERC, E Kilbride G75 0QF, Lanark, Scotland. RP Bodey, TW (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, England. EM T.W.Bodey@exeter.ac.uk RI McGill, Rona/F-1793-2010; OI McGill, Rona/0000-0003-0400-7288; Bearhop, Stuart/0000-0002-5864-0129 FU NERC [EK50-5/02, NE/H007466/1] FX We are very grateful to the Bird Island field assistants, particularly Dafydd Roberts, Ben Phalan, Nicholas Warren and Jane Tanton for help with sampling and to Catarina Henriques. We thank Seth Newsome and two anonymous referees for their constructive comments. The isotope analysis at the Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry Facility was funded by NERC award EK50-5/02. Capture and blood sampling complied with the laws of the Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. TWB was supported by NERC Grant NE/H007466/1 awarded to SB. NR 73 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 83 IS 2 BP 470 EP 478 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.12156 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AB0GF UT WOS:000331469200016 PM 24215391 ER PT J AU Zhao, M AF Zhao, Ming TI An Investigation of the Connections among Convection, Clouds, and Climate Sensitivity in a Global Climate Model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Clouds; Convective parameterization; Climate models; Climate sensitivity; Climate change; Feedback ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; CUMULUS CONVECTION; SHALLOW CONVECTION; FEEDBACK; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATIONS; GCM; UNCERTAINTIES; ANOMALIES AB This study explores connections between process-level modeling of convection and global climate model (GCM) simulated clouds and cloud feedback to global warming through a set of perturbed-physics and perturbed sea surface temperature experiments. A bulk diagnostic approach is constructed, and a set of variables is derived and demonstrated to be useful in understanding the simulated relationship. In particular, a novel bulk quantity, the convective precipitation efficiency or equivalently the convective detrainment efficiency, is proposed as a simple measure of the aggregated properties of parameterized convection important to the GCM simulated clouds. As the convective precipitation efficiency increases in the perturbed-physics experiments, both liquid and ice water path decrease, with low and middle cloud fractions diminishing at a faster rate than high cloud fractions. This asymmetry results in a large sensitivity of top-of-atmosphere net cloud radiative forcing to changes in convective precipitation efficiency in this limited set of models. For global warming experiments, intermodel variations in the response of cloud condensate, low cloud fraction, and total cloud radiative forcing are well explained by model variations in response to total precipitation (or detrainment) efficiency. Despite significant variability, all of the perturbed-physics models produce a sizable increase in precipitation efficiency to warming. A substantial fraction of the increase is due to its convective component, which depends on the parameterization of cumulus mixing and convective microphysical processes. The increase in convective precipitation efficiency and associated change in convective cloud height distribution owing to warming explains the increased cloud feedback and climate sensitivity in recently developed Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory GCMs. The results imply that a cumulus scheme using fractional removal of condensate for precipitation and inverse calculation of the entrainment rate tends to produce a lower climate sensitivity than a scheme using threshold removal for precipitation and the entrainment rate formulated inversely dependent on convective depth. C1 [Zhao, Ming] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Zhao, Ming] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Zhao, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM ming.zhao@noaa.gov RI Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014 NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1845 EP 1862 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00145.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB3KO UT WOS:000331689900001 ER EF