FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Mei, W Xie, SP Zhao, M AF Mei, Wei Xie, Shang-Ping Zhao, Ming TI Variability of Tropical Cyclone Track Density in the North Atlantic: Observations and High-Resolution Simulations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; HURRICANE ACTIVITY; EL-NINO; MULTIDECADAL VARIABILITY; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; BASIN HURRICANES; CLIMATE; OCEAN; CIRCULATION; FREQUENCY AB Interannual-decadal variability of tropical cyclone (TC) track density over the North Atlantic (NA) between 1979 and 2008 is studied using observations and simulations with a 25-km-resolution version of the High Resolution Atmospheric Model (HiRAM) forced by observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs). The variability on decadal and interannual time scales is examined separately. On both time scales, a basinwide mode dominates, with the time series being related to variations in seasonal TC counts. On decadal time scales, this mode relates to SST contrasts between the tropical NA and the tropical northeast Pacific as well as the tropical South Atlantic, whereas on interannual time scales it is controlled by SSTs over the central eastern equatorial Pacific and those over the tropical NA. The temporal evolution of the spatial distribution of track density is further investigated by normalizing the track density with seasonal TC counts. On decadal time scales, two modes emerge: one is an oscillation between track density over the U.S. East Coast and midlatitude ocean and that over the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea and the other oscillates between low and middle latitudes. They might be driven by the preceding winter North Atlantic Oscillation and concurrent Atlantic meridional mode, respectively. On interannual time scales, two similar modes are present in observations but are not well separated in HiRAM simulations. Finally, the internal variability and predictability of TC track density are explored and discussed using HiRAM ensemble simulations. The results suggest that basinwide total TC counts/days are much more predictable than local TC occurrence, posing a serious challenge to the prediction and projection of regional TC threats, especially the U.S. landfall hurricanes. C1 [Mei, Wei; Xie, Shang-Ping] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Zhao, Ming] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Zhao, Ming] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Mei, W (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr 0206, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM wmei@ucsd.edu RI Xie, Shang-Ping/C-1254-2009; Mei, Wei/A-3450-2015; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014 OI Xie, Shang-Ping/0000-0002-3676-1325; FU NSF [AGS-1305719]; NOAA [NA13OAR4310092] FX This work was funded by NSF Grant AGS-1305719 and NOAA Grant NA13OAR4310092. We thank Prof. Kerry Emanuel for sharing the compiled tropical cyclone best-track data, and we thank the editor and the anonymous reviewers for their comments that helped improve the manuscript. NR 61 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 13 BP 4797 EP 4814 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00587.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ8WG UT WOS:000337988200002 ER PT J AU Harris, LM Lin, SJ AF Harris, Lucas M. Lin, Shian-Jiann TI Global-to-Regional Nested Grid Climate Simulations in the GFDL High Resolution Atmospheric Model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TRMM PRECIPITATION RADAR; UNITED-STATES; PART I; PROJECT; TEMPERATURE; SPHERE; PARAMETERIZATION; VARIABILITY; MULTIYEAR; TRANSPORT AB A two-way nested grid version of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory High Resolution Atmosphere Model (HiRAM) has been developed that uses simple methods for providing nested grid boundary conditions and mass-conserving nested-to-global communication. Nested grid simulations over the Maritime Continent and over North America were performed, each at two different resolutions: a 110-km mean grid cell width refined by a factor of 3, and a 50-km mean grid cell width refined by a factor of 2. Nested grid simulations were compared against uniform-resolution simulations, and against reanalyses, to determine the effect of grid nesting on both the modeled global climate and the simulation of small-scale features. Orographically forced precipitation was robustly found to be simulated with more detail and greater realism in a nested grid simulation compared with when only the coarse grids were simulated alone. Tropical precipitation biases were reduced in the Maritime Continent region when a nested grid was introduced. Both results were robust to changes in the nested grid parameterization tunings. In North America, cold-season orographic precipitation was improved by nesting, but precipitation biases in the central and eastern United States were little changed. Improving the resolution through nesting also allowed for more intense rainfall events, greater Kelvin wave activity, and stronger tropical cyclones. Nested grid boundary artifacts were more pronounced when a one-way, noninteractive nested grid was used. C1 [Harris, Lucas M.; Lin, Shian-Jiann] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Harris, LM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM lucas.harris@noaa.gov NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 13 BP 4890 EP 4910 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00596.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ8WG UT WOS:000337988200007 ER PT J AU Free, M Sun, BM AF Free, Melissa Sun, Bomin TI Trends in U.S. Total Cloud Cover from a Homogeneity-Adjusted Dataset SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; CONTEMPORARY CHANGES; 20TH-CENTURY; LAND AB Cloud cover data from ground-based weather observers can be an important source of climate information, but the record of such observations in the United States is disrupted by the introduction of automated observing systems and other artificial shifts that interfere with our ability to assess changes in cloudiness at climate time scales. A new dataset using 54 National Weather Service (NWS) and 101 military stations that continued to make human-augmented cloud observations after the 1990s has been adjusted using statistical changepoint detection and visual scrutiny. The adjustments substantially reduce the trends in U.S. mean total cloud cover while increasing the agreement between the cloud cover time series and those of physically related climate variables. For 1949-2009, the adjusted time series give a trend in U.S. mean total cloud of 0.11% +/- 0.22% decade(-1) for the military data, 0.55% +/- 0.24% decade(-1) for the NWS data, and 0.31% +/- 0.22% decade(-1) for the combined dataset. These trends are less than one-half of those in the original data. For 1976-2004, the original data give a significant increase but the adjusted data show an insignificant trend from -0.17% decade(-1) (military stations) to 0.66% decade(-1) (NWS stations). Trends have notable regional variability, with the northwest United States showing declining total cloud cover for all time periods examined, while trends for most other regions are positive. Differences between trends in the adjusted datasets from military stations and NWS stations may be rooted in the difference in data source and reflect the uncertainties in the homogeneity adjustment process. C1 [Free, Melissa] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Sun, Bomin] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. RP Free, M (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, R ARL, NCWCP, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM melissa.free@noaa.gov RI Sun, Bomin/P-8742-2014 OI Sun, Bomin/0000-0002-4872-9349 FU Climate Monitoring Program of NOAA's Climate Program Office FX This work was funded in part by the Climate Monitoring Program of NOAA's Climate Program Office. We thank William Brown at NCDC for providing DSI-3280 and DATSAV3 data and Pasha Groisman at NCDC for providing daily precipitation data, and Dian Seidel, Julian Wang, and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 13 BP 4959 EP 4969 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00722.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ8WG UT WOS:000337988200012 ER PT J AU Stoudt, MR Hubbard, JB Carsley, JE Hartfield-Wunsch, SE AF Stoudt, M. R. Hubbard, J. B. Carsley, J. E. Hartfield-Wuensch, S. E. TI Characterizing the Hemming Performance of Automotive Aluminum Alloys With High-Resolution Topographic Imaging SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE hemming; closure panels; deformation-induced surface roughness; aluminum alloys; bending; scanning laser confocal microscopy; strain localization ID INDUCED SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; MG-SI ALLOYS; STRAIN-LOCALIZATION; FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS; GRAIN-SIZE; DUCTILE FRACTURE; AA6111 ALUMINUM; DEFORMATION; PRECIPITATION; PLASTICITY AB We used high-resolution quantitative surface analysis to evaluate the surfaces of two aluminum automotive closure panel alloys, which were bent to a 180 deg angle in a simulated hemming test. Maps of the displacements normal to the sheet were superimposed on the topographies to correlate the location of the maximum displacements and the surface morphology. While the alloys had similar mechanical properties, quantitative analyses yielded considerable differences in the deformed surface morphologies. One alloy had a greater density and broader size distribution of constituent particles, which increased the likelihood for particle decohesion. This resulted in large surface displacements that were uncorrelated with the underlying microstructure. While no splitting was observed in either alloy, large uncorrelated surface displacements could indicate the presence of short surface cracks. C1 [Stoudt, M. R.; Hubbard, J. B.] NIST, Mat Performance Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Carsley, J. E.; Hartfield-Wuensch, S. E.] Gen Motors Tech Ctr, Warren, MI 48090 USA. RP Stoudt, MR (reprint author), NIST, Mat Performance Grp, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stoudt@nist.gov; Joseph.hubbard@nist.gov; john.carsley@gm.com; susan.hartfield-wunsch@gm.com NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 EI 1528-8889 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2014 VL 136 IS 3 AR 031001 DI 10.1115/1.4027093 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AJ7VN UT WOS:000337908000001 ER PT J AU Pearson, CF Snay, RA AF Pearson, Christopher F. Snay, R. A. TI Strain partitioning along the western margin of North America SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tectonics; Geodetic strain; Crustal deformation; Geodesy ID SAN-ANDREAS-FAULT; GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; CURRENT PLATE MOTIONS; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; SLIP-RATE; CREEPING SEGMENT; VELOCITY-FIELD; COAST RANGES; DEFORMATION; GPS AB This paper describes an elastic block model for the interseismic horizontal crustal velocity field occurring in that part of the United States located west of longitude 100 degrees W and between latitudes 31 degrees N and 49 degrees N. We developed the model by simultaneously inverting 6873 GPS-derived velocity vectors and 166 geological fault slip rates for the angular velocities (i.e. the Euler poles relative to the North America plate) of 46 elastic blocks, horizontal strain rate tensors for 38 of these blocks, and the spatially variable elastic coupling coefficients on faults that bound adjacent blocks. While the model covers all of the western United States located between Canada and Mexico, this paper focuses on the region residing south of Cape Mendocino where plate boundary deformation is accommodated predominantly by slip on the San Andreas fault system. Block strain rates (which account for deformation associated with distributed faults within blocks) are systematically higher in blocks located in the western part of the model and adjacent to the plate boundary. Strain rate magnitudes range from over 10(-7)/yr for some blocks adjacent to the San Andreas fault system to values of about 10(-9)/yr for blocks located in eastern Nevada and western Utah. Blocks adjacent to the San Andreas fault system are characterized by strain rate tensors that correspond to uniaxial contraction perpendicular to the local strike of the San Andreas. The highest rates of fault normal contraction are associated with the northern end of the fault (north of San Francisco) and in the southern end (south of Los Angeles). The central San Andreas (including the creeping segment of the fault) is characterized by strain rate tensors more consistent with dextral shear. Thus the northern and southern ends of the fault are consistent with a transpressional strain partitioning model with strike slip occurring on the San Andreas fault system and distributed shortening occurring within the blocks adjacent to this fault system. There is no evidence of strain partitioning in the central San Andreas. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pearson, Christopher F.] Univ Otago, Sch Surveying, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Snay, R. A.] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Pearson, CF (reprint author), Univ Otago, Sch Surveying, Dunedin, New Zealand. EM chris.pearson@otago.ac.nz FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0350028, EAR-0732947] FX This work uses 1517GP5 network velocity estimates provided by the Plate Boundary Observatory, operated by UNAVCO for Earth-Scope (www.earthscope.org) and supported by the National Science Foundation (No. EAR-0350028 and EAR-0732947). The paper benefited enormously from a very thorough review from Sarah Titus and an anonymous reviewer. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8141 J9 J STRUCT GEOL JI J. Struct. Geol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 64 SI SI BP 67 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.jsg.2014.02.012 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AJ7HB UT WOS:000337866700006 ER PT J AU Chai, JY Vallis, GK AF Chai, Junyi Vallis, Geoffrey K. TI The Role of Criticality on the Horizontal and Vertical Scales of Extratropical Eddies in a Dry GCM SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BAROCLINIC STABILITY PROBLEM; POLEWARD HEAT-TRANSPORT; GEOSTROPHIC TURBULENCE; KINETIC-ENERGY; 2-LAYER MODEL; BETA-PLANE; INSTABILITY; ATMOSPHERE; MACROTURBULENCE; EQUILIBRATION AB This paper discusses the sensitivity of the horizontal and vertical scales of extratropical eddies when criticality is varied in a dry, primitive-equation, general circulation model. Criticality is a measure of extratropical isentropic slope and when defined appropriately its value is often close to 1 for Earth's climate. The model is forced by a Newtonian relaxation of temperature to a prescribed temperature profile, and criticality is increased by increasing the thermal relaxation rate on the mean flow. When criticality varies near 1, it is shown that there exists a weakly nonlinear regime in which the eddy scale increases with criticality without involving an inverse cascade, while at the same time the Rossby radius may in fact decrease. The quasigeostrophic instability of the Charney problem is revisited. It is demonstrated that both the horizontal and vertical scales of the most unstable wave depend on criticality, and simple estimates for the two scales are obtained. The authors reconcile the opposite trends of the eddy scale and Rossby radius and obtain an estimate for the eddy scale in terms of the Rossby radius and criticality that is broadly consistent with simulations. C1 [Chai, Junyi] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Vallis, Geoffrey K.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Chai, JY (reprint author), Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM junyic@princeton.edu FU NSF [AGS-1144302]; NOAA [NA08OAR4320752] FX We thank Isaac Held, Pablo Zurita-Gotor, and Malte Jansen for helpful comments and discussions. We also thank Thomas Flannaghan and Spencer Hill for carefully reading the manuscript. We finally thank the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. The numerical simulations were performed on GFDL's computer system. This work was funded by the NSF under Grant AGS-1144302 and the NOAA under Grant NA08OAR4320752. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF, the NOAA, or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 71 IS 7 BP 2300 EP 2318 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0351.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ7ZF UT WOS:000337920200002 ER PT J AU DeHart, JC Houze, RA Rogers, RF AF DeHart, Jennifer C. Houze, Robert A., Jr. Rogers, Robert F. TI Quadrant Distribution of Tropical Cyclone Inner-Core Kinematics in Relation to Environmental Shear SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID AIRBORNE DOPPLER RADAR; VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; HURRICANE-BONNIE 1998; PART I; CONVECTION; INTENSITY; EVOLUTION; MOTION; EYEWALL; MODEL AB Airborne Doppler radar data collected in tropical cyclones by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration WP-3D aircraft over an 8-yr period (2003-10) are used to statistically analyze the vertical structure of tropical cyclone eyewalls with reference to the deep-layer shear. Convective evolution within the inner core conforms to patterns shown by previous studies: convection initiates downshear right, intensifies downshear left, and weakens upshear. Analysis of the vertical distribution of radar reflectivity and vertical air motion indicates the development of upper-level downdrafts in conjunction with strong convection downshear left and a maximum in frequency upshear left. Intense updrafts and downdrafts both conform to the shear asymmetry pattern. While strong updrafts occur in the eyewall, intense downdrafts show far more radial variability, particularly in the upshear-left quadrant, though they concentrate along the eyewall edges. Strong updrafts are collocated with low-level inflow and upper-level outflow superimposed on the background flow. In contrast, strong downdrafts occur in association with low-level outflow and upper-level inflow. C1 [DeHart, Jennifer C.; Houze, Robert A., Jr.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rogers, Robert F.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP DeHart, JC (reprint author), Univ Washington, 408 Atmospher Sci Geophys ATG Bldg,Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jcdehart@uw.edu RI Rogers, Robert/I-4428-2013 FU NSF RAINEX [ATM-0743180]; NASA [NNX12AJ82G] FX We thank John Gamache for developing the automated quality control and synthesis technique, which made this study possible. Paul Reasor helped in obtaining and analyzing the data. We are indebted to the NOAA Aircraft Operation Center for the time spent collecting this data. We appreciate the feedback from three anonymous reviewers, whose comments greatly improved the manuscript. Finally, we thank Beth Tully for her assistance with graphics and editing. This work was supported by NSF RAINEX Grant ATM-0743180 and NASA Grant NNX12AJ82G. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 71 IS 7 BP 2713 EP 2732 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0298.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ7ZF UT WOS:000337920200025 ER PT J AU Zhang, JA Montgomery, MT Marks, FD Smith, RK AF Zhang, Jun A. Montgomery, Michael T. Marks, Frank D., Jr. Smith, Roger K. TI Comments on "Symmetric and Asymmetric Structures of Hurricane Boundary Layer in Coupled Atmosphere-Wave-Ocean Models and Observations" SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS; TROPICAL-CYCLONE INTENSIFICATION; SURFACE EXCHANGE COEFFICIENTS; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; PART II; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; NUMERICAL-MODEL; WIND STRUCTURE; ISABEL 2003 C1 [Zhang, Jun A.; Marks, Frank D., Jr.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. [Smith, Roger K.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80539 Munich, Germany. RP Zhang, JA (reprint author), Univ Miami, CIMAS, NOAA, AOML,Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jun.zhang@noaa.gov RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 71 IS 7 BP 2782 EP 2785 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0207.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ7ZF UT WOS:000337920200029 ER PT J AU Vogt, BJ Hodanish, SJ AF Vogt, Brandon J. Hodanish, Stephen J. TI A High-Resolution Lightning Map of the State of Colorado SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; EQUILIBRIUM-LINE ALTITUDES; MULTIPLE GROUND CONTACTS; DETECTION NETWORK; DENSITY; SUMMER AB For the state of Colorado, 10 years (2003-12) of 1 April-31 October cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning stroke data are mapped at 500-m spatial resolution over a 10-m spatial resolution U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) digital elevation model (DEM). Spatially, the 12.5 million strokes that are analyzed represent ground contacts, but translate to density values that are about twice the number of ground contacts. Visual interpretation of the mapped data reveals the general lightning climatology of the state, while geospatial analyses that quantify lightning activity by elevation identify certain topographic influences of Colorado's physical landscape. Elevations lower than 1829m (6000 ft) and above 3200m (10 500 ft) show a positive relationship between lightning activity and elevation, while the variegated topography that lies between these two elevations is characterized by a fluctuating relationship. Though many topographic controls are elucidated through the mappings and analyses, the major finding of this paper is the sharp increase in stroke density observed above 3200m(10 500 ft). Topography's role in this rapid surge in stroke density, which peaks in the highest mountain summits, is not well known, and until now, was not well documented in the refereed literature at such high resolution from a long-duration dataset. C1 [Vogt, Brandon J.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. [Hodanish, Stephen J.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Pueblo, CO USA. RP Vogt, BJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. EM bvogt@uccs.edu NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 142 IS 7 BP 2353 EP 2360 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00334.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ8NV UT WOS:000337963300001 ER PT J AU Kalina, EA Friedrich, K Ellis, SM Burgess, DW AF Kalina, Evan A. Friedrich, Katja Ellis, Scott M. Burgess, Donald W. TI Comparison of Disdrometer and X-Band Mobile Radar Observations in Convective Precipitation SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID 2D VIDEO DISDROMETER; DROP-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; REAR-FLANK DOWNDRAFTS; C-BAND; DIFFERENTIAL REFLECTIVITY; ATTENUATION CORRECTION; PART I; HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; RAIN ATTENUATION; ERROR ANALYSIS AB Microphysical data from thunderstorms are sparse, yet they are essential to validate microphysical schemes in numerical models. Mobile, dual-polarization, X-band radars are capable of providing a wealth of data that include radar reflectivity, drop shape, and hydrometeor type. However, X-band radars suffer from beam attenuation in heavy rainfall and hail, which can be partially corrected with attenuation correction schemes. In this research, the authors compare surface disdrometer observations to results from a differential phase-based attenuation correction scheme. This scheme is applied to data recorded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) X-band dual-polarized (NOXP) mobile radar, which was deployed during the second Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX2). Results are presented from five supercell thunderstorms and one squall line (183 min of data). The median disagreement (radar-disdrometer) in attenuation-corrected reflectivity Z and differential reflectivity Z(DR) is just 1.0 and 0.19 dB, respectively. However, two data subsets reveal much larger discrepancies in Z (Z(DR)): 5.8 (1.6) dB in a hailstorm and -13 (-0.61) dB when the radar signal quality index (SQI) is less than 0.8. The discrepancies are much smaller when disdrometer and S-band Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) Z are compared, with differences of -1.5 dB (hailstorm) and -0.66 dB (NOXP SQI < 0.8). Acomparison of the hydrometeor type retrieved from disdrometer and NOXP radar data is also presented, in which the same class is assigned 63% of the time. C1 [Kalina, Evan A.; Friedrich, Katja] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ellis, Scott M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Burgess, Donald W.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Burgess, Donald W.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Kalina, EA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, UCB 311, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM evan.kalina@colorado.edu FU NSF [ATM-0910424, DGE-1144083, ATM-0802717]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR430072] FX This research was sponsored by NSF ATM-0910424 and NSF DGE-1144083. Funding for Donald Burgess came from NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR430072. Funding for NOXP data came from NSF ATM-0802717. We thank Gwo-Jong Huang and Prof. Bringi (Colorado State University) for the T-matrix program, in addition to George Fernandez, Carlos Lopez, and Forrest Masters (University of Florida), who designed the articulating disdrometers and supplied four of the stationary disdrometers. We also thank Stephanie Higgins (University of Colorado) for writing many of the routines that process the disdrometer data. We are grateful to George Fernandez, Stephanie Higgins, Rachel Humphrey, Scott Landolt, Carlos Lopez, Daniel Nuding, and Cameron Redwine for deploying instruments during VORTEX2. The helpful feedback from two anonymous reviewers substantially improved an earlier version of this manuscript. Any opinions, findings, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 142 IS 7 BP 2414 EP 2435 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00039.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ8NV UT WOS:000337963300005 ER PT J AU Stutzman, P Heckert, A Tebbe, A Leigh, S AF Stutzman, Paul Heckert, Alan Tebbe, Amelia Leigh, Stefan TI Uncertainty in Bogue-calculated phase composition of hydraulic cements SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bogue calculations; Cement manufacture (E); Characterization (B); Measurement uncertainty ID ELECTRON-MICROPROBE ANALYSIS; PORTLAND-CEMENT; CLINKER AB The Bogue calculations are used for cement manufacturing process control and acceptance limits for some cement classifications. While it is commonly understood that the Bogue calculations are estimates with potential intrinsic biases, the magnitudes of such biases are not generally known. The biases stem primarily from the compositional variation in phase solid solution, resulting in deviation of their bulk chemistry from that assumed in the calculations, and from bulk oxide measurement uncertainties. Uncertainties in Bogue estimates from these sources are quantified here through propagation-of-error analysis combining effects from bulk chemical analysis imprecision and estimates of variability in chemical compositions of the four principal clinker phases. Standard deviation (1 sigma) values of about 9.6% for alite and belite, and 2.2% and 1.4% for aluminate and ferrite are calculated. This significant increase compared to uncertainty due to bulk oxide measurements is attributable to the imprecision of the Bogue constants. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stutzman, Paul] NIST, Construct Mat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heckert, Alan; Leigh, Stefan] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tebbe, Amelia] Univ Illinois, Dept Math, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Stutzman, P (reprint author), NIST, Construct Mat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paul.stutzman@nist.gov FU The Materials and Structures Division of the Engineering Laboratory, NIST FX Discussions and corrections from Andrew Rukhin (NIST) and William Strawderman (NIST, Rutgers) as well as the comments and suggestions of reviewers Jeffrey Bullard, Kenneth Snyder, and Toy Poole are greatly appreciated in developing this work. The Materials and Structures Division of the Engineering Laboratory, NIST, supported this work. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-8846 EI 1873-3948 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 61-62 BP 40 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.03.007 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA AJ4QO UT WOS:000337661100005 ER PT J AU Pess, GR Quinn, TP Schindler, DE Liermann, MC AF Pess, George R. Quinn, Thomas P. Schindler, Daniel E. Liermann, Martin C. TI Freshwater habitat associations between pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), chum (O. keta) and Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) in a watershed dominated by sockeye salmon (O. nerka) abundance SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE nondominant species; population occurrence; salmon; freshwater habitat ID REDD-SITE SELECTION; WOOD RIVER SYSTEM; LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS; STREAM FISHES; BULL TROUT; POPULATIONS; SIZE; AREA; DISTRIBUTIONS; REQUIREMENTS AB To understand the interplay between habitat use and contemporary anadromous Pacific salmon, Oncorhynchus spp., distributions we explored the habitat associations of three species, pink (O. gorbuscha), chum (O. keta) and Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) in streams of the Wood River system of Bristol Bay, Alaska, where sockeye salmon (O. nerka) are numerically dominant. We developed models to investigate the occurrence of nondominant salmon in relation to habitat characteristics and sockeye salmon density, using four decades of salmon presence and abundance data. The frequency of occurrence and abundance of nondominant species increased with watershed drainage area and stream depth and decreased with sockeye salmon density. The range of occurrence varied from nonexistent to perennial for the other species in sockeye-dominated streams. Increasing watershed area resulted in larger stream habitat area and deeper habitats, allowing for the sympatric occurrence and persistence of all salmon species. The relationships between habitat and the presence of these Pacific salmon help define their requirements but also remind us that the patterns of presence and absence, within the overall ranges of salmon species, have yet to be fully understood. C1 [Pess, George R.; Liermann, Martin C.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Pess, George R.; Quinn, Thomas P.; Schindler, Daniel E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Pess, GR (reprint author), NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM george.pess@noaa.gov FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation's Biocomplexity Program; Pew Foundation; H. Mason Keeler Endowment; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX We sincerely thank many members of the Fisheries Research Institute/Alaska Salmon Program for the decades of field work upon which this analysis was based, and particularly the staff involved in the intensive sampling from 2004 to 2007. We especially acknowledge Donald Rogers for his leadership of the programme over the years, Peter Westley for assistance in collating the presence/absence information, and Jenn Scheuerell who helped set up the habitat database. We also thank the individuals who helped collect data for the project, including Chris Boatright, Neala Kendall, Katy Doctor, Jonny Armstrong, Harry Rich, Lauren Rogers, Gordon Holtgrieve, Jon Moore, Tessa Francis, Matt Baker, Jennifer Griffiths, Jocelyn Lyn and Laura Payne. A special thanks to Mike McHenry who spent several weeks collecting habitat data. We thank the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the National Science Foundation's Biocomplexity Program, the Pew Foundation, the H. Mason Keeler Endowment and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for financial support, and Jordan Rosenfeld, Kyle Young, Bob Bilby and Bill McMillan for constructive comments during the peer review process. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JUL PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3 BP 360 EP 372 DI 10.1111/eff.12088 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AJ4XS UT WOS:000337683700007 ER PT J AU Cha, Y Stow, CA AF Cha, YoonKyung Stow, Craig A. TI A Bayesian network incorporating observation error to predict phosphorus and chlorophyll a in Saginaw Bay SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Phosphorus targets; Water quality criteria; Dreissenid invasion; Bayesian hierarchical modeling; Observation error; Bayesian network; Saginaw Bay ID MUSSEL DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; WATER-QUALITY CRITERIA; LAKE-HURON; MODELS; UNCERTAINTY; ASSESSMENTS; VIOLATIONS; MANAGEMENT; INVASIONS; ONTARIO AB Empirical relationships between lake chlorophyll a and total phosphorus concentrations are widely used to develop predictive models. These models are often estimated using sample averages as implicit surrogates for unknown lake-wide means, a practice than can result in biased parameter estimation and inaccurate predictive uncertainty. We develop a Bayesian network model based on empirical chlorophyll-phosphorus relationships for Saginaw Bay, an embayment on Lake Huron. The model treats the means as unknown parameters, and includes structure to accommodate the observation error associated with estimating those means. Compared with results from an analogous simple model using sample averages, the observation error model has a lower predictive uncertainty and predicts lower chlorophyll and phosphorus concentrations under contemporary lake conditions. These models will be useful to guide pending decision-making pursuant to the 2012 Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cha, YoonKyung] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Stow, CA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM ykcha@umich.edu; craig.stow@noaa.gov OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research FX This research was sponsored by a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research. GLERL contribution number 1698. We would like to thank Song Qian and Tara Stow for helpful reviews of the draft manuscript. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 57 BP 90 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.02.010 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AJ4NW UT WOS:000337654100010 ER PT J AU Mislan, KAS Helmuth, B Wethey, DS AF Mislan, K. A. S. Helmuth, Brian Wethey, David S. TI Geographical variation in climatic sensitivity of intertidal mussel zonation SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Hindcast; intertidal; lethal; limits; model; mortality; niche; temperature; zonation ID ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURES; MYTILUS-CALIFORNIANUS; PHYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY; ENVELOPE MODELS; THERMAL-STRESS; WAVE EXPOSURE; TOLERANCE; PATTERNS; LIMITS; DESICCATION AB Aim To identify geographic locations where lethal temperatures and upper zonation limits of Mytilus californianus beds coincide and to determine the dominant climatic factor where lethal limits occur. Location Intertidal shores along 1500km of the west coast of North America. Methods Lethal temperatures for M.californianus were determined using temperature-controlled chambers in which both the magnitude and duration of exposure were manipulated. Field surveys of the shore level and solar exposure of upper zonation limits of mussel beds were conducted at 15 sites. Measurements from the lethal temperature studies and field surveys were used with a biophysical model of mussel body temperature to hindcast M.californianus mortality rates from 1997-2007. Results The critical lethal high body temperature was c. 38 degrees C. Hindcasts of mortality rates predicted that lethal temperatures occurred along the upper limits of the mussel bed at only two of the sites, Santa Cruz and Alegria, CA, USA, and daily maximum air temperature during low tide was the variable that distinguished these sites. Santa Cruz and Alegria were not adjacent to each other and not the most equatorward of the sites examined. Main conclusions Local upper zonation limits of the mussel M.californianus are determined by lethal high body temperatures at two of 15 locations, which means that alternative environmental factors are determining local zonation at most of the study sites. Mussel body temperature is driven by many physical variables, but air temperature was higher at Santa Cruz and Alegria than elsewhere making it the most likely factor driving the climatic sensitivity at local upper zonation limits. There was no significant evidence of local acclimation or local adaptation in this species. Some local zonation limits are more vulnerable to climate change than others, potentially causing the magnitude and timing of zonation shifts to differ even among closely situated sites. C1 [Mislan, K. A. S.; Helmuth, Brian; Wethey, David S.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Mislan, K. A. S.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Helmuth, Brian] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. RP Mislan, KAS (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM kas.mislan@gmail.com RI Brooks, Katya/J-4975-2014; Wethey, David/K-8063-2014; OI Wethey, David/0000-0002-2549-1606; Helmuth, Brian/0000-0003-0180-3414 FU NASA [NNG04GE43G, NNX07AF20G, NNX11AP77]; NOAA [NA04NOS4780264]; NSF [OCE0926581, OCE1039513] FX Discussions with S. A. Woodin, T. J. Hilbish, T. Richardson and V. Lakshmi greatly benefitted the design of this study and comments from S. Connolly and two anonymous referees greatly improved the manuscript. D. Smith and L. Smith provided logistical support for the physiology studies and field surveys. A. Zenone, S. Zampardi, A. Tockstein, N. Burnett, F. Lima, L. Szathmary, S. Pincebourde, C. Pfister, T. Wootten, R. Paine, M. Noble, E. Richmond, E. Sanford, J. Sones, P. Raimondi, M. George, P. Martone, R. Martone, L. Miller, M. Denny, J. Bram, C. Blanchette, B. Broitman and A. Salomon helped with getting access to sites and/or conducting the surveys. We thank the Hatfield Marine Science Center, the Bodega Marine Laboratory, and the UCSB Marine Science Institute for the use of facilities for the lab experiments. We also thank the Makah Nation for access to Tatoosh Island. This research was supported by a NASA Earth Systems Science Fellowship, and grants from NASA (NNG04GE43G, NNX07AF20G, NNX11AP77), NOAA (NA04NOS4780264), and NSF (OCE0926581, OCE1039513). This is contribution number 64 in Ecological Forecasting from the University of South Carolina. NR 59 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1466-822X EI 1466-8238 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 23 IS 7 BP 744 EP 756 DI 10.1111/geb.12160 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA AJ3CT UT WOS:000337543700004 ER PT J AU White, VC Morado, JF Friedman, CS AF White, V. C. Morado, J. F. Friedman, C. S. TI Ichthyophonus-infected walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas) in the eastern Bering Sea: a potential reservoir of infections in the North Pacific SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Bering Sea; Chinook salmon; Ichthyophonus; offal; walleye pollock ID HERRING CLUPEA-PALLASII; OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; SWEDISH WEST-COAST; CHINOOK SALMON; FOOD-HABITS; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; YUKON RIVER; HOFERI; ALASKA AB In 2003, the Alaska walleye pollock industry reported product quality issues attributed to an unspecified parasite in fish muscle. Using molecular and histological methods, we identified the parasite in Bering Sea pollock as Ichthyophonus. Infected pollock were identified throughout the study area, and prevalence was greater in adults than in juveniles. This study not only provides the first documented report of Ichthyophonus in any fish species captured in the Bering Sea, but also reveals that the parasite has been present in this region for nearly 20 years and is not a recent introduction. Sequence analysis of 18S rDNA from Ichthyophonus in pollock revealed that consensus sequences were identical to published parasite sequences from Pacific herring and Yukon River Chinook salmon. Results from this study suggest potential for Ichthyophonus exposures from infected pollock via two trophic pathways; feeding on whole fish as prey and scavenging on industry-discharged offal. Considering the notable Ichthyophonus levels in pollock, the low host specificity of the parasite and the role of this host as a central prey item in the Bering Sea, pollock likely serve as a key Ichthyophonus reservoir for other susceptible hosts in the North Pacific. C1 [White, V. C.; Morado, J. F.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Friedman, C. S.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP White, VC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM vanessa.white@noaa.gov NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7775 EI 1365-2761 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 37 IS 7 BP 641 EP 655 DI 10.1111/jfd.12161 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA AJ5DT UT WOS:000337702900005 PM 23941303 ER PT J AU Hale, MC Colletti, JA Gahr, SA Scardina, J Thrower, FP Harmon, M Carter, M Phillips, RB Thorgaard, GH Rexroad, CE Nichols, KM AF Hale, Matthew C. Colletti, John A. Gahr, Scott A. Scardina, Julie Thrower, Frank P. Harmon, Matthew Carter, Megan Phillips, Ruth B. Thorgaard, Gary H. Rexroad, Caird E., III Nichols, Krista M. TI Mapping and Expression of Candidate Genes for Development Rate in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE qPCR; quantitative genetics; quantitative trait loci; salmonid ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MICROSATELLITE LINKAGE MAP; ATLANTIC SALMON; STEELHEAD TROUT; MEIOTIC MAPS; ARCTIC CHARR; BODY-WEIGHT; ARCHITECTURE; POPULATIONS; FISH AB Development rate has important implications for individual fitness and physiology. In salmonid fishes, development rate correlates with many traits later in life, including life-history diversity, growth, and age and size at sexual maturation. In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a quantitative trait locus for embryonic development rate has been detected on chromosome 5 across populations. However, few candidate genes have been identified within this region. In this study, we use gene mapping, gene expression, and quantitative genetic methods to further identify the genetic basis of embryonic developmental rate in O. mykiss. Among the genes located in the region of the major development rate quantitative trait locus (GHR1, Clock1a, Myd118-1, and their paralogs), all were expressed early in embryonic development (fertilization through hatch), but none were differentially expressed between individuals with the fast-or slow-developing alleles for a major embryonic development rate quantitative trait locus. In a follow-up study of migratory and resident rainbow trout from natural populations in Alaska, we found significant additive variation in development rate and, moreover, found associations between development rate and allelic variation in all 3 candidate genes within the quantitative trait locus for embryonic development. The mapping of these genes to this region and associations in multiple populations provide positional candidates for further study of their roles in growth, development, and life-history diversity in this model salmonid. C1 [Hale, Matthew C.; Colletti, John A.; Scardina, Julie; Harmon, Matthew; Carter, Megan; Nichols, Krista M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gahr, Scott A.] St Vincent Coll, Dept Biol, Latrobe, PA USA. [Thrower, Frank P.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK USA. [Phillips, Ruth B.] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Vancouver, WA USA. [Thorgaard, Gary H.] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Thorgaard, Gary H.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Rexroad, Caird E., III] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Coldwater Aquaculture, Leetown, WV USA. [Nichols, Krista M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Nichols, Krista M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Nichols, KM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM krista.nichols@noaa.gov FU National Research Council, US Department of Agriculture - National Research Initiative [2007-35205-17881]; National Science Foundation [NSF-DEB-0845265]; Howard Hughes Medical Institute FX National Research Council, US Department of Agriculture - National Research Initiative grant (2007-35205-17881), National Science Foundation Career Award (NSF-DEB-0845265) (to K.M.N.); Howard Hughes Medical Institute undergraduate fellowships (to J.A.C. and M.H.). NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 EI 1465-7333 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 105 IS 4 BP 506 EP 520 DI 10.1093/jhered/esu018 PG 15 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA AJ6KJ UT WOS:000337802400007 PM 24744432 ER PT J AU Hart, GC Conte, JP Park, K Ellingwood, BR Wong, KKF AF Hart, Gary C. Conte, Joel P. Park, Kidong Ellingwood, Bruce R. Wong, Kevin K. F. TI Performance-based evaluation and strengthening of tall buildings in the Los Angeles region by using Bayesian structural reliability SO STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF TALL AND SPECIAL BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE performance-based design; structural reliability; uncertainty analysis; Bayesian methods; tall buildings; evaluation and strengthening ID LOAD CRITERIA; DESIGN AB This paper presents the motivation and the mathematics required for the introduction of Bayesian structural reliability theory into the process of evaluating and strengthening any tall building located in the Los Angeles region. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Hart, Gary C.; Park, Kidong] Weidlinger Associates Inc, Marina Del Rey, CA 90292 USA. [Conte, Joel P.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Ellingwood, Bruce R.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wong, Kevin K. F.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hart, GC (reprint author), Weidlinger Associates Inc, 4551 Glencoe Ave,Suite 350, Marina Del Rey, CA 90292 USA. EM gary.hart@wai.com NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1541-7794 EI 1541-7808 J9 STRUCT DES TALL SPEC JI Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 23 IS 10 BP 760 EP 780 DI 10.1002/tal.1083 PG 21 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA AJ3UZ UT WOS:000337594600003 ER PT J AU Yang, X Downing, RG Wang, GB Qian, DZ Liu, HG Wang, K AF Yang, Xin Downing, R. G. Wang, Guan-bo Qian, Da-zhi Liu, Han-gang Wang, Kan TI A Monte Carlo code to get response spectrum of ions for Neutron Depth Profiling SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Neutron Depth Profiling; Ion transport; Monte Carlo; SRIM; TRIM; CORTEO ID SIMULATION AB This paper presents a Monte Carlo code to get response spectrum of ions for the Neutron Depth Profiling (NDP) technique called Monte Carlo NDP (MC-NDP) that simulates the behavior of ions transmitted through a sample matrix and generates the energy spectrum for a specified detector. The MC-NDP model is based on the Ziegler-Biersack-Littmark Model, but incorporates the advantages of TRIM and CORTEO. The Impulse Approximation method is used to determine the flight length with the indexical interpolation method rather than the Magic algorithm for the scattering angle between ions and nucleus. This makes MC-NDP more efficient and convenient to simulate entire ion histories by a Monte Carlo approach. MC-NDP's results agree well with both TRIM results and the experimental data. C1 [Yang, Xin; Wang, Guan-bo; Qian, Da-zhi; Liu, Han-gang] China Acad Engn Phys, Inst Nucl Phys & Chem, Mianyang 621900, Peoples R China. [Yang, Xin; Wang, Kan] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Engn Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Downing, R. G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yang, X (reprint author), China Acad Engn Phys, Inst Nucl Phys & Chem, Mianyang 621900, Peoples R China. EM yangxin05@gmail.com OI wang, kan/0000-0003-0704-8069 FU Nuclear Energy Development Project (Neutron Depth Profiling); National Natural Science Foundation of China [11175162] FX This project was supported by the Nuclear Energy Development Project (Neutron Depth Profiling) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11175162). NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 301 IS 1 BP 213 EP 220 DI 10.1007/s10967-014-3126-x PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AI8MJ UT WOS:000337170200028 ER PT J AU Wang, JH Liu, DX Canova, M Downing, RG Cao, LR Co, AC AF Wang, Jinghui Liu, Danny X. Canova, Marcello Downing, R. Gregory Cao, Lei R. Co, Anne C. TI Profiling lithium distribution in Sn anode for lithium-ion batteries with neutrons SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Li-ion battery; Neutron depth profiling; Sn anode; LiBF4 ID TIN-BASED INTERMETALLICS; THIN-FILM ANODE; ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTION; LI; ELECTROLYTE; CELLS; PERFORMANCE; NIST; SALT AB Measuring the distribution of lithium in high capacity lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrodes is essential to understanding the coulombic losses during the lithiation/delithiation processes that occur while charging and discharging the cell. In this research, two half-cell prototypes were fabricated by electrochemically lithiating Sn foil anodes in 1M LiBF4 in a 1:1 (wt:wt) ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate solutions at a constant potential of 0.50 and 0.67 V (vs. Li/Li+). The neutron depth profiling (NDP) technique was employed to study the Li distributions in the anodes. Li concentration profiles were resolved for the samples lithiated under different conditions for LIB studies. In addition, this paper demonstrated an in situ NDP measurement of an electrochemical cell with a thin window design, which reveals the dynamics of lithium distribution within the Sn anode. C1 [Wang, Jinghui; Cao, Lei R.] Ohio State Univ, Nucl Engn Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Liu, Danny X.; Co, Anne C.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Canova, Marcello] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Downing, R. Gregory] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cao, LR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Nucl Engn Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM cao.152@osu.edu; co@chemistry.ohio-state.edu RI Cao, Lei/B-3254-2012; Canova, Marcello/H-9207-2013; wang, jinghui/G-6250-2016; Co, Anne/B-3735-2012; OI Cao, Lei/0000-0003-4018-9496; Co, Anne/0000-0002-3546-1582; Liu, Danny/0000-0003-3193-1951 FU Clean Energy Research Center-Clean Vehicle (CERC-CV) Consortium; U.S. Department of Energy; The Ohio State Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry FX The work presented in this paper is supported by the Clean Energy Research Center-Clean Vehicle (CERC-CV) Consortium and by the U.S. Department of Energy. The authors are grateful to Dr. Jie Qiu and the staff at the Ohio State University Research Reactor, to Amy Casaday and Rakay Kin for preparing the battery materials, and to Anthony Lutton for conducting the laser ablation ICP measurements. Finally, the authors acknowledge The Ohio State Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry for financial and materials support. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 56 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 301 IS 1 BP 277 EP 284 DI 10.1007/s10967-014-3102-5 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AI8MJ UT WOS:000337170200036 ER PT J AU Kagley, AN Kardong, KE Snider, RG Casillas, E AF Kagley, Anna N. Kardong, Kyle E. Snider, Robert G. Casillas, Edmundo TI Effects of Chemical Contaminants on Growth, Age-Structure, and Reproduction of Mytilus edulis Complex from Puget Sound, Washington SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chemical contaminants; Biomonitoring; Mussel; Mytilus edulis complex; Growth; Age-structure; Reproduction ID PHYSIOLOGICAL ENERGETICS; CYTOCHEMICAL RESPONSES; DIGESTIVE CELLS; MUSSEL; SCOPE; POLLUTION; GRADIENT; STRESS; TISSUE; HEALTH AB Bivalves are used as sentinel species to detect chemical contaminants in the marine environment, but biological effects on indigenous populations that result from chemical exposure are largely unknown. We assessed age-weight, length-weight relationships, age structure, and reproductive status (i.e. fecundity, egg size) of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis complex from six sites in central Puget Sound, Washington, and one site in the relatively pristine area of northern Puget Sound. Results of this study suggest that mussels from urban areas of Puget Sound exhibit a lower growth rate, altered population age-structure, and potential reproductive impairment as a result of exposure to chemical contaminants. These findings support the use of mussels as sentinel species to assess the biological effects of contaminants on invertebrate populations. C1 [Kagley, Anna N.; Kardong, Kyle E.; Snider, Robert G.; Casillas, Edmundo] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Kagley, AN (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Anna.kagley@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 EI 1432-0800 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 93 IS 1 BP 7 EP 12 DI 10.1007/s00128-014-1287-5 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AI6ZR UT WOS:000337028500002 PM 24852611 ER PT J AU Drexler, M Parker, ML Geiger, SP Arnold, WS Hallock, P AF Drexler, Michael Parker, Melanie L. Geiger, Stephen P. Arnold, William S. Hallock, Pamela TI Biological Assessment of Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) Inhabiting Reef, Mangrove, Seawall, and Restoration Substrates SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Tampa Bay; Habitat; Dermo; Reproduction; Recruitment ID URBAN STRUCTURES; MARINE HABITATS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; GMELIN; RECRUITMENT; INFECTION; ABUNDANCE; SALINITY; GEORGIA; FLORIDA AB The eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, plays an essential functional role in many estuarine ecosystems on the east and Gulf coasts of the USA. Oysters form biogenic reefs but also live on alternative intertidal substrates such as artificial surfaces and mangrove prop roots. The hypothesis tested in this study was that non-reef-dwelling oysters (i.e., those inhabiting mangrove, seawall, or restoration substrates) were similar to their reef-dwelling counterparts based upon a suite of biological parameters. The study was carried out at six sites in three zones in Tampa Bay on the west coast of Florida using monthly samples collected from October 2008-September 2009. The timing of gametogenesis and spawning, fecundity, and juvenile recruitment were the same for oysters in all four habitats. Oyster size (measured as shell height), density, and Perkinsus marinus infection intensity and prevalence varied among habitats. This study indicates that oysters on mangroves, seawalls, and oyster restoration substrates contribute larvae, habitats for other species, and likely other ecosystem benefits similar to those of intertidal oyster reefs in Tampa Bay. Oysters from alternative intertidal substrates should be included in any system wide studies of oyster abundance, clearance rates, and the provision of alternate habitats, especially in highly developed estuaries. C1 [Drexler, Michael; Parker, Melanie L.; Geiger, Stephen P.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Drexler, Michael; Hallock, Pamela] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Arnold, William S.] NOAA, Southeast Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Parker, ML (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, 100 8th Ave SE, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM melanie.parker@myfwc.com FU Florida Department of Environmental Protection via National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration award [CZ907, NA08NOS4190415] FX This study was funded in part through a grant agreement (CZ907) from the Florida Department of Environmental Protection via National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration award #NA08NOS4190415. This work was adapted in part from a final report for that grant and the resultant M. S. thesis of M. Drexler. We thank S. Stephenson for her review and invaluable assistance with editing. We also thank A. Vasilas and M. Gambordella for their assistance with sample collection and processing. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUL PY 2014 VL 37 IS 4 BP 962 EP 972 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9727-8 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI7AE UT WOS:000337030300013 ER PT J AU Dienstfrey, A Hale, PD AF Dienstfrey, Andrew Hale, Paul D. TI Colored Noise and Regularization Parameter Selection for Waveform Metrology SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Deconvolution; regularization; waveform metrology ID ILL-POSED PROBLEMS; GENERALIZED CROSS-VALIDATION; OPTIMAL CONVERGENCE-RATES; DISCREPANCY PRINCIPLES; CHOICE AB We study six algorithms to select a regularization parameter for deconvolution problems appearing in high-speed communication measurement applications. We investigate these algorithms in the presence of unspecified noise correlation analyzing their performance as components of a multivariate random variable and study their joint distribution by Monte Carlo. We find that several parameter selection algorithms, despite their widespread use, are not robust to unspecified noise correlations. Specifically, the discrepancy principle fails to return adequate regularizations for rough noise, while the generalized cross validation (GCV), unbiased predictive risk, and information complexity selectors can fail for smooth noise. For some experimental configurations, GCV failed completely, returning zero successful inversions out of 500 noise instantiations. These parameter selection algorithms share in the characteristic that they do not contain mechanisms to monitor quantities derived from the parameter-dependent solution vector. By contrast, the L-curve and quasi-optimality criteria do contain such mechanisms, and furthermore exhibited significantly fewer failures and correlated highly with the optimal inversion across all noise levels and correlations. C1 [Dienstfrey, Andrew; Hale, Paul D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Dienstfrey, A (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM andrew.dienstfrey@nist.gov; paul.hale@nist.gov NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 EI 1557-9662 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 63 IS 7 BP 1769 EP 1778 DI 10.1109/TIM.2013.2297631 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AI7WI UT WOS:000337111700012 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Laws, W Talley, KR Huang, Q Yan, Y Martin, J Kaduk, JA AF Wong-Ng, W. Laws, W. Talley, K. R. Huang, Q. Yan, Y. Martin, J. Kaduk, J. A. TI Phase equilibria and crystal chemistry of the CaO-1/2Nd(2)O(3)-CoOz, system at 885 degrees C in air SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Phase diagram of CaO-1/2Nd(2)O(3)-CoOz; Thermoelectric oxide system; Structure for (Nd1-xCax)(2)O3-z; Structure for (CaNdCo)O4-z ID THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; COBALT OXIDES; THIN-FILMS; O SYSTEM; ND; CA3CO4O9; CA3CO2O6; DIAGRAM; SERIES; PR AB The phase diagram of the CaO-1/2 Nd2O3-CoO2 system at 885 degrees C in air has been determined. The system consists of two calcium cobaltate compounds that have promising thermoelectric properties, namely, the 2D thermoelectric oxide solid solution, (Ca3-xNdx)Co4O9-z (0 <= x 0.5), which has a misfit layered structure, and Ca3Co2O6 which consists of 1D chains of alternating CoO6 trigonal prisms and CoO6 octahedra. Ca3Co2O6 was found to be a point compound without the substitution of Nd on the Ca site. The reported Nd2CoO4 phase was not observed at 885 degrees C. A ternary (Ca1-xNd1+x)CoO4-z (x=0) phase, or (CaNdCo)O4-z, was found to be stable at this temperature. A solid solution region of distorted perovskite (Nd1-xCax)CoO3-z (0 <= x <= 0.25, space group Pnma) was established. In the peripheral binary systems, while a solid solution region was identified for (Nd1-xCax)(2)O-3 (0 <= x <= 0.2), Nd was not found to substitute in the Ca site of CaO. Six solid solution tie-line regions and six three-phase regions were determined in the CaO-Nd2O3-CoO, system in air. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Wong-Ng, W.; Laws, W.; Yan, Y.; Martin, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Talley, K. R.] Boise State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Huang, Q.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kaduk, J. A.] Illinois Inst Technol, Dept Biol & Chem Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov FU International Centre for Diffraction Data FX International Centre for Diffraction Data is thanked for the partial support through the Grant-in-Aid program. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 EI 1095-726X J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 215 BP 128 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2014.03.012 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AI5FR UT WOS:000336891300019 ER PT J AU Chang, M AF Chang, Milton TI The laser-focused society in the photonics community SO LASER FOCUS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Chang, Milton] MBio Diagnost & Aurr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Chang, Milton] Newport & New Focus, Newport News, VA USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Chang, Milton] NIST, SEC Advisory Comm Small & Emerging Co, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Chang, Milton] NIST, Visiting Comm Adv Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Chang, Milton] IEEE, New York, NY USA. RP Chang, M (reprint author), MBio Diagnost & Aurr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM miltonchang@incubic.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO PI NASHUA PA 98 SPIT BROOK RD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 USA SN 1043-8092 J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD JI Laser Focus World PD JUL PY 2014 VL 50 IS 7 BP 72 EP + PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA CK0KQ UT WOS:000355894500020 ER PT J AU Chaitanya, L Walsh, S Andersen, JD Ansell, R Ballantyne, K Ballard, D Banemann, R Bauer, CM Bento, AM Brisighelli, F Capal, T Clarisse, L Gross, TE Haas, C Hoff-Olsen, P Hollard, C Keyser, C Kiesler, KM Kohler, P Kupiec, T Linacre, A Minawi, A Morling, N Nilsson, H Noren, L Ottens, R Palo, JU Parson, W Pascali, VL Phillips, C Porto, MJ Sajantila, A Schneider, PM Sijen, T Sochtig, J Syndercombe-Court, D Tillmar, A Turanska, M Vallone, PM Zatkalikova, L Zidkova, A Branicki, W Kayser, M AF Chaitanya, Lakshmi Walsh, Susan Andersen, Jeppe Dyrberg Ansell, Ricky Ballantyne, Kaye Ballard, David Banemann, Regine Bauer, Christiane Maria Bento, Ana Margarida Brisighelli, Francesca Capal, Tomas Clarisse, Lindy Gross, Theresa E. Haas, Cordula Hoff-Olsen, Per Hollard, Clemence Keyser, Christine Kiesler, Kevin M. Kohler, Priscila Kupiec, Tomasz Linacre, Adrian Minawi, Anglika Morling, Niels Nilsson, Helena Noren, Lina Ottens, Renee Palo, Jukka U. Parson, Walther Pascali, Vincenzo L. Phillips, Chris Porto, Maria Joao Sajantila, Antti Schneider, Peter M. Sijen, Titia Sochtig, Jens Syndercombe-Court, Denise Tillmar, Andreas Turanska, Martina Vallone, Peter M. Zatkalikova, Livia Zidkova, Anastassiya Branicki, Wojciech Kayser, Manfred TI Collaborative EDNAP exercise on the IrisPlex system for DNA-based prediction of human eye colour SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE EDNAP; ISFG; IrisPlex; Eye colour prediction; Forensic DNA phenotyping; FDP ID POPULATION; PHENOTYPES; SNPS AB The IrisPlex system is a DNA-based test system for the prediction of human eye colour from biological samples and consists of a single forensically validated multiplex genotyping assay together with a statistical prediction model that is based on genotypes and phenotypes from thousands of individuals. IrisPlex predicts blue and brown human eye colour with, on average, > 94% precision accuracy using six of the currently most eye colour informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (HERC2 rs12913832, OCA2 rs1800407, SLC24A4 rs12896399, SLC45A2 (MATP) rs16891982, TYR rs1393350, and IRF4 rs12203592) according to a previous study, while the accuracy in predicting non-blue and non-brown eye colours is considerably lower. In an effort to vigorously assess the IrisPlex system at the international level, testing was performed by 21 laboratories in the context of a collaborative exercise divided into three tasks and organised by the European DNA Profiling (EDNAP) Group of the International Society of Forensic Genetics (ISFG). Task 1 involved the assessment of 10 blood and saliva samples provided on FTA cards by the organising laboratory together with eye colour phenotypes; 99.4% of the genotypes were correctly reported and 99% of the eye colour phenotypes were correctly predicted. Task 2 involved the assessment of 5 DNA samples extracted by the host laboratory from simulated casework samples, artificially degraded, and provided to the participants in varying DNA concentrations. For this task, 98.7% of the genotypes were correctly determined and 96.2% of eye colour phenotypes were correctly inferred. For Tasks 1 and 2 together, 99.2% (1875) of the 1890 genotypes were correctly generated and of the 15 (0.8%) incorrect genotype calls, only 2 (0.1%) resulted in incorrect eye colour phenotypes. The voluntary Task 3 involved participants choosing their own test subjects for IrisPlex genotyping and eye colour phenotype inference, while eye photographs were provided to the organising laboratory and judged; 96% of the eye colour phenotypes were inferred correctly across 100 samples and 19 laboratories. The high success rates in genotyping and eye colour phenotyping clearly demonstrate the reproducibility and the robustness of the IrisPlex assay as well as the accuracy of the IrisPlex model to predict blue and brown eye colour from DNA. Additionally, this study demonstrates the ease with which the IrisPlex system is implementable and applicable across forensic laboratories around the world with varying pre-existing experiences. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chaitanya, Lakshmi; Walsh, Susan; Kayser, Manfred] MC Univ, Med Ctr Rotterdam, Dept Forens Mol Biol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Andersen, Jeppe Dyrberg; Morling, Niels] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Forens Med, Sect Forens Genet, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Ansell, Ricky; Noren, Lina] Swedish Natl Lab Forens Sci SKL, Linkoping, Sweden. [Ballantyne, Kaye] Victoria Police, Forens Serv Dept, Macleod, Vic, Australia. [Ballard, David; Syndercombe-Court, Denise] Kings Coll London, Sch Biomed Sci, Dept Forens & Analyt Sci, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Banemann, Regine; Minawi, Anglika] Bundeskriminalamt, Kriminaltechnik, Wiesbaden, Germany. [Bauer, Christiane Maria; Parson, Walther] Med Univ Innsbruck, Inst Legal Med, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Bento, Ana Margarida; Porto, Maria Joao] Inst Nacl Med Legal, Delegacao Ctr, Serv Genet Biol Forense, Coimbra, Portugal. [Brisighelli, Francesca; Pascali, Vincenzo L.] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Inst Legal Med, Forens Genet Lab, Rome, Italy. [Capal, Tomas] Inst Criminalist, Dept Forens Genet, Prague, Czech Republic. [Clarisse, Lindy; Sijen, Titia] Netherlands Forens Inst, Dept Human Biol Traces, The Hague, Netherlands. [Gross, Theresa E.; Schneider, Peter M.] Univ Cologne, Fac Med, Inst Legal Med, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. [Haas, Cordula] Univ Zurich, Inst Legal Med, Zurich, Switzerland. [Hoff-Olsen, Per; Kohler, Priscila] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Forens Biol, Oslo, Norway. [Hollard, Clemence; Keyser, Christine] Univ Strasbourg, Inst Med Legale, Lab Anthropol Mol, Strasbourg, France. [Kiesler, Kevin M.; Vallone, Peter M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kupiec, Tomasz; Branicki, Wojciech] Inst Forens Res, Sect Forens Genet, Krakow, Poland. [Linacre, Adrian; Ottens, Renee] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Nilsson, Helena; Tillmar, Andreas] Natl Board Forens Med, Dept Forens Genet & Forens Toxicol, Linkoping, Sweden. [Palo, Jukka U.; Sajantila, Antti] Univ Helsinki, Dept Forens Med, Hjelt Inst, SF-00300 Helsinki, Finland. [Phillips, Chris] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Inst Legal Med, Forens Genet Unit, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Sajantila, Antti] Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Inst Appl Genet, Dept Forens & Investigat Genet, Ft Worth, TX USA. [Zatkalikova, Livia] Inst Forens Sci, Dept Biol & DNA Anal, Minist Interior, Slovenska Lupca, Slovakia. [Zidkova, Anastassiya] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Inst Biol & Med Genet, Prague, Czech Republic. [Zidkova, Anastassiya] Gen Univ Hosp Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. [Zidkova, Anastassiya] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Inst Forens Med & Toxicol, Prague, Czech Republic. [Branicki, Wojciech] Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Zool, Dept Genet & Evolut, PL-30060 Krakow, Poland. RP Kayser, M (reprint author), MC Univ, Med Ctr Rotterdam, Dept Forens Mol Biol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM m.kayser@erasmusmc.nl RI Ballard, David/B-8392-2014; Phillips, Christopher/E-4005-2012; OI Phillips, Christopher/0000-0002-9601-0128; , Lakshmi Chaitanya/0000-0002-6458-192X; Parson, Walther/0000-0002-5692-2392; Haas, Cordula/0000-0001-8122-1427 FU Netherlands Forensic Institute (NFI); Netherlands Genomic Initiative (NGI)/Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) within the framework of the Forensic Genomics Consortium Netherlands (FGCN); Attorney General's Office, South Australia; EU [285487]; Finnish Foundations' Pool Professorship (Paulo Foundation) FX We would like to thank Gabriela Huber, Nelli Roininen and Mintu Hedman for outstanding technical assistance and Vlastimil Stenzl for support. This work was funded in part by the Netherlands Forensic Institute (NFI) and a grant from the Netherlands Genomic Initiative (NGI)/Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) within the framework of the Forensic Genomics Consortium Netherlands (FGCN). Funding for Adrian Linacre and Renee Ottens was provided by the Attorney General's Office, South Australia, for Theresa Gross by the EU 7th Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement No 285487 (EUROFORGEN-NoE), and for Antti Sajantila by the Finnish Foundations' Pool Professorship (Paulo Foundation). NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 11 BP 241 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.04.006 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA AI2ED UT WOS:000336669300036 PM 24880832 ER PT J AU Cinquini, L Crichton, D Mattmann, C Harney, J Shipman, G Wang, FY Ananthakrishnan, R Miller, N Denvil, S Morgan, M Pobre, Z Bell, GM Doutriaux, C Drach, R Williams, D Kershaw, P Pascoe, S Gonzalez, E Fiore, S Schweitzer, R AF Cinquini, Luca Crichton, Daniel Mattmann, Chris Harney, John Shipman, Galen Wang, Feiyi Ananthakrishnan, Rachana Miller, Neill Denvil, Sebastian Morgan, Mark Pobre, Zed Bell, Gavin M. Doutriaux, Charles Drach, Robert Williams, Dean Kershaw, Philip Pascoe, Stephen Gonzalez, Estanislao Fiore, Sandro Schweitzer, Roland TI The Earth System Grid Federation: An open infrastructure for access to distributed geospatial data SO FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GRID COMPUTING AND ESCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Climate science; Federation; Search; Discovery; Peer-to-peer; CMIP5 AB The Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) is a multi-agency, international collaboration that aims at developing the software infrastructure needed to facilitate and empower the study of climate change on a global scale. The ESGF's architecture employs a system of geographically distributed peer nodes, which are independently administered yet united by the adoption of common federation protocols and application programming interfaces (APIs). The cornerstones of its interoperability are the peer-to-peer messaging that is continuously exchanged among all nodes in the federation; a shared architecture and API for search and discovery; and a security infrastructure based on industry standards (OpenID, SSL, GSI and SAML). The ESGF software stack integrates custom components (for data publishing, searching, user interface, security and messaging), developed collaboratively by the team, with popular application engines (Tomcat, Solr) available from the open source community. The full ESGF infrastructure has now been adopted by multiple Earth science projects and allows access to petabytes of geophysical data, including the entire Fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) output used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) and a suite of satellite observations (obs4MIPs) and reanalysis data sets (ANA4MIPs). This paper presents ESGF as a successful example of integration of disparate open source technologies into a cohesive, wide functional system, and describes our experience in building and operating a distributed and federated infrastructure to serve the needs of the global climate science community. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cinquini, Luca; Crichton, Daniel; Mattmann, Chris] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Cinquini, Luca; Crichton, Daniel; Mattmann, Chris] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Harney, John; Wang, Feiyi] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Shipman, Galen] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Ananthakrishnan, Rachana] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Miller, Neill] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Ananthakrishnan, Rachana; Miller, Neill] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Denvil, Sebastian] Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Climate Modeling Grp, Paris, France. [Morgan, Mark] Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Earth Syst Modeling Platform, Paris, France. [Pobre, Zed] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bell, Gavin M.; Doutriaux, Charles; Drach, Robert; Williams, Dean] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Kershaw, Philip] STEC Rutherford Appleton Lab, RAL Space, Ctr Environm Data Archival, Didcot, Oxon, England. [Pascoe, Stephen] STEC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot, Oxon, England. [Kershaw, Philip; Pascoe, Stephen] NCAS BADC, Didcot, Oxon, England. [Gonzalez, Estanislao] German Climate Comp Ctr DKRZ, Hamburg, Germany. [Fiore, Sandro] Euromediterranean Ctr Climate Change CMCC, Lecce, Italy. [Schweitzer, Roland] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Cinquini, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM luca.cinquini@jpl.nasa.gov; daniel.j.crichton@jpl.nasa.gov; chris.a.mattmann@jpl.nasa.gov; harneyjf@ornl.gov; gshipman@ornl.gov; fwang2@ornl.gov; ranantha@mcs.anl.gov; neillm@mcs.anl.gov; sebastien.denvil@ipsl.jussieu.fr; momipsl@ipsl.jussieu.fr; zed.pobre@nasa.gov; gavin@llnl.gov; doutriaux1@llnl.gov; drach1@llnl.gov; williams13@llnl.gov; philip.kershaw@stfc.ac.uk; stephen.pascoe@stfc.ac.uk; estanislao.gonzalez@met.fu-berlin.de; sandro.fiore@unisalento.it; Roland.Schweitzer@noaa.gov OI Kershaw, Philip/0000-0002-7646-291X FU U.S. Department of Energy; National Atmospheric and Space Administration (NASA); European Infrastructure for the European Network for Earth System Modeling (IS-ENES) FX The development and operation of ESGF is supported by the efforts of principal investigators, software engineers, data managers and system administrators from many agencies and institutions worldwide. Primary contributors include ANL, ANU, BADC, CMCC, DKRZ, ESRL, GFDL, GSFC, JPL, IPSL, NCAR, ORNL, LBNL, LLNL (leading institution), PMEL, PNNL and SNL. Major funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Atmospheric and Space Administration (NASA), and the European Infrastructure for the European Network for Earth System Modeling (IS-ENES). NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-739X EI 1872-7115 J9 FUTURE GENER COMP SY JI Futur. Gener. Comp. Syst. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 36 BP 400 EP 417 DI 10.1016/j.future.2013.07.002 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA AI3OB UT WOS:000336770700035 ER PT J AU Fixsen, DJ Moseley, SH Gerrits, T Lita, AE Nam, SW AF Fixsen, D. J. Moseley, S. H. Gerrits, T. Lita, A. E. Nam, S. W. TI Optimal Energy Measurement in Nonlinear Systems: An Application of Differential Geometry SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE TES; X-ray; Microcalorimeter; Optimal filter; Nonlinear response; Non-stationary noise; Differential geometry ID EFFICIENCY; DETECTORS; NOISE AB Design of TES microcalorimeters requires a tradeoff between resolution and dynamic range. Often, experimenters will require linearity for the highest energy signals, which requires additional heat capacity be added to the detector. This results in a reduction of low energy resolution in the detector. We derive and demonstrate an algorithm that allows operation far into the nonlinear regime with little loss in spectral resolution. We use a least squares optimal filter that varies with photon energy to accommodate the nonlinearity of the detector and the non-stationarity of the noise. The fitting process we use can be seen as an application of differential geometry. This recognition provides a set of well-developed tools to extend our work to more complex situations. The proper calibration of a nonlinear microcalorimeter requires a source with densely spaced narrow lines. A pulsed laser multi-photon source is used here, and is seen to be a powerful tool for allowing us to develop practical systems with significant detector nonlinearity. The combination of our analysis techniques and the multi-photon laser source create a powerful tool for increasing the performance of future TES microcalorimeters. C1 [Fixsen, D. J.; Moseley, S. H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fixsen, D. J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gerrits, T.; Lita, A. E.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Moseley, SH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM dale.j.fixsen@nasa.gov; harvey.moseley@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 EI 1573-7357 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 176 IS 1-2 BP 16 EP 26 DI 10.1007/s10909-014-1149-x PG 11 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AI1HU UT WOS:000336602200002 ER PT J AU Tennyson, J Bernath, PF Brown, LR Campargue, A Csaszar, AG Daumont, L Gamache, RR Hodges, JT Naumenko, OV Polyansky, OL Rothman, LS Vandaele, AC Zobov, NF Denes, N Fazliev, AZ Furtenbacher, T Gordon, IE Hu, SM Szidarovszky, T Vasilenko, IA AF Tennyson, Jonathan Bernath, Peter F. Brown, Linda R. Campargue, Alain Csaszar, Attila G. Daumont, Ludovic Gamache, Robert R. Hodges, Joseph T. Naumenko, Olga V. Polyansky, Oleg L. Rothman, Laurence S. Vandaele, Ann Carine Zobov, Nikolai F. Denes, Nora Fazliev, Alexander Z. Furtenbacher, Tibor Gordon, Iouli E. Hu, Shui-Ming Szidarovszky, Tamas Vasilenko, Irina A. TI IUPAC critical evaluation of the rotational-vibrational spectra of water vapor. Part IV. Energy levels and transition wavenumbers for (D2O)-O-16, (D2O)-O-17, and (D2O)-O-18 SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Water vapor; Transition wavenumbers; Atmospheric physics; Energy levels; Spectroscopic information system ID LASER-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; HETERODYNE FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS; LORENTZ-BROADENING COEFFICIENTS; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTRUM; TRIPLY DEUTERATED AMMONIA; INTERSTELLAR HEAVY-WATER; LINE-SHIFT COEFFICIENTS; HOT EMISSION-SPECTRA; LONG PATH SPECTRA; D2O LOW-PRESSURE AB This paper is the fourth of a series of papers reporting critically evaluated rotational-vibrational line positions, transition intensities, pressure dependences, and energy levels, with associated critically reviewed assignments and uncertainties, for all the main isotopologues of water. This paper presents energy level and transition data for the following doubly and triply substituted isotopologues of water: (D2O)-O-16, (D2O)-O-17, and (D2O)-O-18. The MARVEL (Measured Active Rotational-Vibrational Energy Levels) procedure is used to determine the levels, the lines, and their self-consistent uncertainties for the spectral regions 0-14 016, 0-7969, and 0-9108 cm(-1) for (D2O)-O-16, (D2O)-O-17, and (D2O)-O-18, respectively. For (D2O)-O-16, (D2O)-O-17, and (D2O)-O-18, 53 534, 600, and 12 167 lines are considered, respectively, from spectra recorded in absorption at room temperature and in emission at elevated temperatures. The number of validated energy levels is 12 269, 338, and 3351 for (D2O)-O-16, (D2O)-O-17, and (D2O)-O-18, respectively. The energy levels have been checked against the ones determined, with an average accuracy of about 0.03 cm(-1), from variational rovibrational computations employing exact kinetic energy operators and an accurate potential energy surface. Furthermore, the rovibrational labels of the energy levels have been validated by an analysis of the computed wavefunctions using the rigid-rotor decomposition (RRD) scheme. The extensive list of MARVEL lines and levels obtained is deposited in the Supplementary Material of this paper, in a distributed information system applied to water, W@DIS, and on the official MARVEL website, where they can easily be retrieved. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tennyson, Jonathan; Polyansky, Oleg L.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Bernath, Peter F.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. [Brown, Linda R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Campargue, Alain] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble, France. [Csaszar, Attila G.; Denes, Nora; Furtenbacher, Tibor; Szidarovszky, Tamas] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Inst Chem, MTA ELTE Res Grp Complex Chem Syst, Budapest, Hungary. [Daumont, Ludovic] Univ Reims, Reims, France. [Gamache, Robert R.] Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA USA. [Hodges, Joseph T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Naumenko, Olga V.; Polyansky, Oleg L.; Fazliev, Alexander Z.; Vasilenko, Irina A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Opt, Tomsk, Russia. [Rothman, Laurence S.; Gordon, Iouli E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Vandaele, Ann Carine] Inst Aeron Spatiale Belgique, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Zobov, Nikolai F.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603600, Russia. [Hu, Shui-Ming] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. RP Tennyson, J (reprint author), UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Mortimer St, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM j.tennyson@ucl.ac.uk RI Tennyson, Jonathan/I-2222-2012; Csaszar, Attila/A-5241-2009; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Hu, Shuiming/C-4287-2008; Szidarovszky, Tamas/E-4376-2015; OI Tennyson, Jonathan/0000-0002-4994-5238; Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Hu, Shuiming/0000-0002-1565-8468; Gordon, Iouli/0000-0003-4763-2841; Rothman, Laurence/0000-0002-3837-4847 FU International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry [2004-035-1-100]; UK Natural Environment Research Council; ERC Advanced Investigator [267219]; Royal Society; Scientific Research Fund of Hungary [OTKA NK83583]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office [EV/35/3A, SD/AT/01A, PRODEX 1514901NLSFe(IC)]; Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FRFC contracts); Communaute de Belgique (Action de Recherche Concertees); COST Action CoDECS [CM1002]; NASA AURA mission [NNX11AF91G] FX We all thank the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry for funding under project 2004-035-1-100 (A database of water transitions from experiment and theory). In addition, this work has received partial support from the UK Natural Environment Research Council, ERC Advanced Investigator Project 267219, the Royal Society, the Scientific Research Fund of Hungary (Grant OTKA NK83583), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (contracts EV/35/3A, SD/AT/01A, PRODEX 1514901NLSFe(IC)), the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FRFC contracts), the Communaute de Belgique (Action de Recherche Concertees), the COST Action CoDECS (CM1002), and the NASA AURA mission, under the grant NNX11AF91G. Part of the research described in this paper was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contracts and grants with NASA. Alain Campargue and Ludovic Daumont are grateful for the financial support provided by the Programme National LEFE (CHAT) of CNRS (INSU). Semen Mikhailenko is thanked for providing part of the D216O dataset used during this study. We thank Christina Puzzarini for help deperturbing the published frequencies given in 13CaPu. NR 161 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 11 U2 66 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 142 BP 93 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.03.019 PG 16 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA AI2RR UT WOS:000336706300010 ER PT J AU Barani, A Bush, MB Lawn, BR AF Barani, Amir Bush, Mark B. Lawn, Brian R. TI Role of multiple cusps in tooth fracture SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Molar teeth; Fracture evolution; Multicusp; Critical load ID MOLAR ENAMEL THICKNESS; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; STRESS-ANALYSIS; CONTACT DAMAGE; DENTAL ENAMEL; TEETH; FAILURE; CROWNS; VALIDATION; MORPHOLOGY AB The role of multiple cusps in the biomechanics of human molar tooth fracture is analysed. A model with four cusps at the bite surface replaces the single dome structure used in previous simulations. Extended finite element modelling, with provision to embed longitudinal cracks into the enamel walls, enables full analysis of crack propagation from initial extension to final failure. The cracks propagate longitudinally around the enamel side walls from starter cracks placed either at the top surface (radial cracks) or from the tooth base (margin cracks). A feature of the crack evolution is its stability, meaning that extension occurs steadily with increasing applied force. Predictions from the model are validated by comparison with experimental data from earlier publications, in which crack development was followed in situ during occlusal loading of extracted human molars. The results show substantial increase in critical forces to produce longitudinal fractures with number of cuspal contacts, indicating a capacity for an individual tooth to spread the load during mastication. It is argued that explicit critical force equations derived in previous studies remain valid, at the least as a means for comparing the capacity for teeth of different dimensions to sustain high bite forces. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Barani, Amir; Bush, Mark B.; Lawn, Brian R.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech & Chem Engn, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. [Lawn, Brian R.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bush, MB (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech & Chem Engn, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. FU Australian Research Council [DP130101472] FX This work was funded by the Australian Research Council (DP130101472). We thank Paul Constantino and Paul Abbott for helpful discussions on the role of molar cusps in tooth function, and Paul Abbott for supplying the sample tooth in Fig. 1. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1751-6161 EI 1878-0180 J9 J MECH BEHAV BIOMED JI J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 35 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.03.018 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AI4IC UT WOS:000336827900010 PM 24755003 ER PT J AU Prat, OP Nelson, BR AF Prat, Olivier P. Nelson, Brian R. TI Characteristics of annual, seasonal, and diurnal precipitation in the Southeastern United States derived from long-term remotely sensed data SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Precipitation; Diurnal cycle; Remote sensing; Southeastern United States ID TROPICAL RAINFALL; WARM-SEASON; PART I; TRMM; CYCLE; RADAR; RESOLUTION; PRODUCTS; CIRCULATION; EPISODES AB The objective of this paper is to investigate long-term inter-annual, seasonal, and diurnal rainfall characteristics in the Southeastern United States. In order to capture precipitation features at high resolution, we use precipitation estimates from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM); the TRMM Precipitation Radar (TPR 2A25: 0.05 degrees Chi 0.05 degrees/daily) and the TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA 3B42: 0.25 degrees Chi 0.25 degrees/3-h) datasets to create a 13-year rainfall climatology. The higher resolution climatology (2A25) displays a greater ability to capture more localized landform precipitation features when compared with 3B42. On an annual basis, the Southeastern US is characterized by a succession of cold and warm precipitation regimes. The cold season is characterized by higher rain intensity West of 82 degrees W (roughly Atlanta, GA) and the warm season is characterized by higher rain intensity over the coastal areas. The cold/warm rainfall regime duality is modulated by local topographic characteristics that prevail along a W-E direction. During the cold season, the, diurnal cycle of precipitation is characterized by a quasi-constant repartition of rain events throughout the day and an absence of land/ocean contrast. On the contrary for summertime there is a strong land/ocean signature with a predominance of late morning/early afternoon (12:00-15:00LST) rainfall over ocean and afternoon/early evening (15:00-18:00LST) precipitation events over land that account for more than 25% of the daily events along the coasts. Differences are observed for the Florida peninsula, where the diurnal cycle displays an afternoon maximum of variable intensity due to sea breeze effects regardless of the season. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Prat, Olivier P.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Prat, Olivier P.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Nelson, Brian R.] NOAA NESDIS NCDC, Remote Sensing Applicat Div, Asheville, NC USA. RP Prat, OP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites NC, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM olivier.prat@noaa.gov RI Prat, Olivier/B-7016-2009; Nelson, Brian/D-6432-2014 OI Prat, Olivier/0000-0002-9289-5723; FU Science Stewardship Program through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - North Carolina [NA09NES4400006]; NOAA/NCDC Climate Data Records FX This research was supported by the NOAA/NCDC Climate Data Records and Science Stewardship Program through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - North Carolina under the agreement NA09NES4400006. The authors are grateful to Pierre Guillevic, Hilawe Semunegus and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and suggestions. NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 144 SI SI BP 4 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.07.022 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH9NU UT WOS:000336469900002 ER PT J AU Baker, R Fujiwara, M Minello, TJ AF Baker, Ronald Fujiwara, Masami Minello, Thomas J. TI Juvenile growth and mortality effects on white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus population dynamics in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Nursery; Salt marsh; Stock assessment; Life table; Sustainable fisheries ID NATURAL MORTALITY; BROWN SHRIMP; SALT MARSHES; GALVESTON BAY; ESTUARINE NURSERIES; SPATIAL PATCHINESS; MARINE NURSERIES; PENAEUS-AZTECUS; TIME-DIVISION; WETLAND LOSS AB Processes regulating juvenile growth and mortality of white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus in coastal nurseries may be particularly important in regulating offshore adult population size and sustainability. To advance the integration of these processes into fishery stock assessments, and to provide a better understanding of the functional role of coastal nurseries for fishery species, we explored the potential effects of variable juvenile growth and survival on white shrimp population growth rate. We developed a population model that incorporates available information on vital rates (growth, mortality, fecundity) for each shrimp life stage. We used the model to explore the potential impacts of variability in juvenile growth and mortality rates on the overall population growth rate. Modest changes in juvenile growth and mortality rates were projected to have a greater impact on stock size than the full range in fishing mortality over the past few decades. These results suggest that variability in juvenile survival may be a strong driver of adult stock size and that the processes that regulate juvenile growth and mortality need to be properly understood for the effective management of coastal nurseries and shrimp stocks. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Baker, Ronald; Minello, Thomas J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Galveston Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Baker, Ronald] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Ctr Trop Water & Aquat Ecosyst Res, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Baker, Ronald] CSIRO Land & Water, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Fujiwara, Masami] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Baker, R (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Ctr Trop Water & Aquat Ecosyst Res, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM ronald.baker@jcu.edu.au RI Baker, Ronald/J-9060-2014; TropWATER, Research ID/P-1401-2014; Fujiwara, Masami/C-3115-2012 OI Baker, Ronald/0000-0001-8408-0324; Fujiwara, Masami/0000-0002-9255-6043 FU National Research Council; NOAA Fisheries in Galveston, TX, USA; Texas Sea Grant [02-S120031]; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; James Cook University in Townsville, Queensland FX This research was initiated while RB held a post-doctoral associateship from the National Research Council with NOAA Fisheries in Galveston, TX, USA and completed during a post-doctoral fellowship from the Tropical Landscapes Joint Venture between the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation and James Cook University in Townsville, Queensland. MF was funded by Texas Sea Grant (Grant #02-S120031). We thank Phil Levin, Lawrence Rozas, and Rick Hart (NOAA) for discussions on modeling and information on white shrimp vital rates and stock assessments. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 70 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 155 BP 74 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2014.02.026 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AH7XJ UT WOS:000336348400008 ER PT J AU Thorson, JT Ward, EJ AF Thorson, James T. Ward, Eric J. TI Accounting for vessel effects when standardizing catch rates from cooperative surveys SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Index standardization; Index of abundance; Cooperative research; Vessel effect; Time-varying catchability; Delta-generalized linear model ID STOCK ASSESSMENT MODELS; MULTILEVEL MODELS; FISH; FISHERIES; ABUNDANCE; SEA AB Interpretation of fishery-dependent and independent-survey data requires accounting for changes in the proportion of local individuals that are caught by fishing gear ("catchability"). Catchability may be influenced by measured characteristics of fishing gear, and even standardized fishing techniques may experience changing catchability over time due to changes in fishing vessel characteristics and personnel. The importance of vessel power has long been recognized in the analysis of fishery dependent catch per unit effort data, but less-studied in the analysis of fishery independent data collected by research vessel surveys. Here we demonstrate how differences in catchability among vessels ("vessel effects"), as well as random variation in vessel-specific catchability over time ("vessel-year effects") can be incorporated into generalized linear mixed models through their treatment as random effects. We apply these methods to data for 28 groundfish species caught in a standardized survey using contracted fishery vessels and personnel in the Northeast Pacific. Model selection shows that vessel, vessel-year, and both effects simultaneously are supported by available data for at least a few species. However, vessel-year effects generally have a larger effect on catch rates than vessel-effects and hence abundance indices estimated using both vessel- and vessel-year effects are generally similar to estimates when using just vessel-year effects. Additionally, models indicate little support for the hypothesis that characteristics such as length and displacement of the contracted vessels used in this survey have a substantial impact on catch rates. Finally, inclusion of vessel- or vessel-year effects generally results in wider estimates of credible intervals for resulting indices of abundance. This increased credible interval width is consistent with statistical theory, because vessel effects will result in non-independence of different sampling occasions, thus decreasing effective sample sizes. For this reason, we advocate that future analyses include vessel- and/or vessel-year effects when standardizing survey data from cooperative research programs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Thorson, James T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Ward, Eric J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM james.thorson@noaa.gov RI Thorson, James/O-7937-2014 OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 155 BP 168 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2014.02.036 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AH7XJ UT WOS:000336348400018 ER PT J AU Patrone, PN Einstein, TL Margetis, D AF Patrone, Paul N. Einstein, T. L. Margetis, Dionisios TI From atoms to steps: The microscopic origins of crystal evolution SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Burton-Cabrera-Frank theory; Solid-on-solid model; Non-equilibrium statistical mechanics ID VICINAL SURFACES; DIFFUSION; EPITAXY; SI(001); EQUATIONS; SILICON; GROWTH; MOTION; MODEL; VIEW AB The Burton-Cabrera-Frank (BCF) theory of crystal growth has been successful in describing a wide range of phenomena in surface physics. Typical crystal surfaces are slightly misoriented with respect to a facet plane; thus, the BCF theory views such systems as composed of staircase-like structures of steps separating terraces. Adsorbed atoms (adatoms), which are represented by a continuous density, diffuse on terraces, and steps move by absorbing or emitting these adatoms. Here we shed light on the microscopic origins of the BCF theory by deriving a simple, one-dimensional (1D) version of the theory from an atomistic, kinetic restricted solid-on-solid (KRSOS) model without external material deposition. We define the time-dependent adatom density and step position as appropriate ensemble averages in the KRSOS model, thereby exposing the non-equilibrium statistical mechanics origins of the BCF theory. Our analysis reveals that the BCF theory is valid in a low adatom-density regime, much in the same way that an ideal gas approximation applies to dilute gasses. We find conditions under which the surface remains in a low-density regime and discuss the microscopic origin of corrections to the BCF model. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Patrone, Paul N.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Patrone, Paul N.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Math & Applicat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Einstein, T. L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Einstein, T. L.] Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Margetis, Dionisios] Univ Maryland, Dept Math, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Margetis, Dionisios] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Margetis, Dionisios] Univ Maryland, Ctr Sci Computat & Math Modeling, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Patrone, PN (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ppatrone@umn.edu; einstein@umd.edu; dio@math.umd.edu OI Einstein, Theodore L./0000-0001-6031-4923 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program [70NANB10H026]; University of Maryland; NSF-MRSEC [DMR 05-20471, DMR 05-20741, CHE 07-50334, 13-05892]; University of Maryland [NSF-DMS 08-47587]; Institute for Mathematics; University of Minnesota [NSF-DMS 08-47587] FX PNP was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program Award No. 70NANB10H026 through the University of Maryland, with ancillary support from the NSF-MRSEC under Grant No. DMR 05-20471. This author's research was also supported by NSF-DMS 08-47587 at the University of Maryland and the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications at the University of Minnesota. TLE was supported in part by the NSF-MRSEC Grant DMR 05-20741, and by NSF-CHE 07-50334 and 13-05892. DM was supported by NSF-DMS 08-47587 at the University of Maryland. We acknowledge helpful interactions with A. BH. Hammouda, M. K. Hawkins, J. A. Liddle, 0. Pierre-Louis, T. Schulze, M. Stiles, and J. Weare. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 625 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2014.02.015 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA AH7ZZ UT WOS:000336355200007 ER PT J AU Twedt, KA Chen, L McClelland, JJ AF Twedt, Kevin A. Chen, Lei McClelland, Jabez J. TI Scanning ion microscopy with low energy lithium ions SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Scanning miaoscopy; Ion scattering; Laser-cooling; Nano-imprint lithography ID COHERENCE ELECTRON BUNCHES; NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; COLD ATOMS; HELIUM; SCATTERING; METROLOGY AB Using an ion source based on pholoionization of laser cooled lithium atoms, we have developed a scanning ion microscope with probe sizes of a few Lens of nanomelers and beam energies from 500 eV to 5 keV. These beam energies are much lower than the typical operating energies of the helium ion microscope or gallium focused ion beam systems. We demonstrate how low energy can be advantageous in ion microscopy when detecting backscattered ions, due to a decreased interaction volume and the potential for surface sensitive composition analysis. As an example application that demonstrates these advantages, we non-destructively image the removal of a thin residual resist layer during plasma etching in a nano-imprint lithography process. (C) 2014 Elsevier BY. All rights reserved. C1 [Twedt, Kevin A.; Chen, Lei; McClelland, Jabez J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Twedt, Kevin A.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP McClelland, JJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jabez.mcclelland@nist.gov RI McClelland, Jabez/A-2358-2015 OI McClelland, Jabez/0000-0001-5672-5965 FU Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology; Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX We thank Andras Vladar and Kate Klein for many useful discussions and for providing helium ion imaging of the NIL samples. We thank John Henry Scott for his assistance with the element standard measurements. We thank Glenn Holland, Alan Band, and Dave Rutter for their assistance designing and installing the microchannel plate detector system. Finally, we thank Brenton Knuffman and Adam Steele for their work during the early phases of this project. KAT acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 EI 1879-2723 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD JUL PY 2014 VL 142 BP 24 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.03.014 PG 8 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA AH1SQ UT WOS:000335901600003 PM 24751577 ER PT J AU Pascoe, S Doshi, A Thebaud, O Thomas, CR Schuttenberg, HZ Heron, SF Setiasih, N Tan, JCH True, J Wallmo, K Loper, C Calgaro, E AF Pascoe, Sean Doshi, Amar Thebaud, Olivier Thomas, Colette R. Schuttenberg, Heidi Z. Heron, Scott F. Setiasih, Naneng Tan, James C. H. True, James Wallmo, Kristy Loper, Christy Calgaro, Emma TI Estimating the potential impact of entry fees for marine parks on dive tourism in South East Asia SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Coral reef management; Non-market valuation; Travel cost model; Entry fee ID PROTECTED AREAS; CORAL-REEFS; ENDOGENOUS STRATIFICATION; RECREATION DEMAND; NATIONAL-PARK; CONSERVATION; COST; OVERDISPERSION; PHILIPPINES; TRUNCATION AB Marine reserves are increasingly being established as a mechanism to protect marine biodiversity and sensitive habitats. As well as providing conservation benefits, marine reserves provide benefits to recreational scuba divers who dive within the reserve, as well as to recreational and commercial fishers outside the reserve through spill-over effects. To ensure benefits are being realised, management of marine reserves requires ongoing monitoring and surveillance. These are not costless, and many marine reserve managers impose an entry fee. In some countries, dive tourism is major income source to coastal industries, and a concern is that high entry fees may dissuade divers. In this paper, the price elasticity of demand for dive tourism in three countries in South East Asia - Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia - is estimated using a travel-cost model. From the model, the total non-market use value associated with diving in the area is estimated to be in the order of US$4.5 billion a year. The price elasticity of demand in the region is highly inelastic, such that increasing the cost of diving through a management levy would have little impact on total diver numbers. Crown Copyright (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pascoe, Sean; Thebaud, Olivier] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Dutton Pk, Qld, Australia. [Doshi, Amar] Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Econ & Finance, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Thomas, Colette R.] James Cook Univ, Australian Ctr Trop & Freshwater Res, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Schuttenberg, Heidi Z.] Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB9 1FX, Scotland. [Heron, Scott F.] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Setiasih, Naneng] CORAL Indonesia, Renon Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. [Tan, James C. H.] Univ Malaysia Terengganu, Fac Maritime Studies & Marine Sci, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. [Tan, James C. H.] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [True, James] Prince Songkla Univ, Hat Yai, Thailand. [Wallmo, Kristy] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Econ & Social Anal Div, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Loper, Christy] NOAA Coral Reef Conservat Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Calgaro, Emma] Macquarie Univ, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. RP Pascoe, S (reprint author), CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, EcoSci Precinct, POB 2583, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. EM sean.pascoe@csiro.au RI Thebaud, Olivier/D-9792-2011; Pascoe, Sean/D-9710-2011; Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011; OI Thebaud, Olivier/0000-0001-8665-3827; Pascoe, Sean/0000-0001-6581-2649; DOSHI, AMAR/0000-0002-3165-4918 NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 47 BP 147 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2014.02.017 PG 6 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA AG2XS UT WOS:000335281000019 ER PT J AU Morris, MJ Striegel, AM AF Morris, Mallory J. Striegel, Andre M. TI Does the "C-3 Effect" Offset the Delta 2 Effect, as Regards the Solution Flexibility of Aldoses? SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE solution conformational entropy; size-exclusion chromatography; aldohexoses; aldopentoses; 2 effect; "C-3 effect" ID SOLUTION CONFORMATIONAL ENTROPY; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; B3LYP/6-311++G-ASTERISK-ASTERISK LEVEL; ACYCLIC FORMS; ALPHA; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; DIASTEREOMERS; QUANTITATION; RIBOSE AB The solution flexibility of carbohydrates influences a variety of molecular recognition and regulatory processes. For aldoses and other monosaccharides, this flexibility is dictated by the orientations of the various hydroxyl (OH) groups present, which influences conformer and anomer ratios, interactions among these OH groups, and interactions between them and the surrounding solvent. Depending on the number and position of axial OH groups, a variety of structures can coexist in solutions at equilibrium. In 1950, as part of his pioneering studies on the shape of pyranoside rings, Reeves described the 2 effect, the greater destabilization of the pyranose ring conformation when the OH group on carbon 2 (C-2) is in the axial position. It was later proposed by Angyal that the 2 effect could be cancelled by the presence of an axial OH on C-3, termed here the C-3 effect. Employing size-exclusion chromatography, an entropically-controlled separation technique, we have investigated whether or not the C-3 and 2 effects indeed do compensate for one another with respect to their influence on the solution flexibility of select aldohexoses and aldopentoses. As will be seen, while qualitatively and semiquantitatively this mutual cancellation of effects does occur in aldohexoses, it does not appear to do so in aldopentoses. An explanation for the latter appears to lie in the variety of anomers and conformers present in equilibrium solutions of those aldopentoses studied and in the relative entropic contribution of individual conformers or anomers to the total solution flexibility. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 703-711, 2014. C1 [Morris, Mallory J.; Striegel, Andre M.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Morris, Mallory J.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Striegel, AM (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andre.striegel@nist.gov NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-3525 EI 1097-0282 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD JUL PY 2014 VL 101 IS 7 BP 703 EP 711 DI 10.1002/bip.22446 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA AF4KN UT WOS:000334681000001 PM 24272482 ER PT J AU Benkstein, KD Rogers, PH Montgomery, CB Jin, C Raman, B Semancik, S AF Benkstein, K. D. Rogers, P. H. Montgomery, C. B. Jin, C. Raman, B. Semancik, S. TI Analytical capabilities of chemiresistive microsensor arrays in a simulated Martian atmosphere SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE Gas-phase sensing; Chemiresistor; Microsensor array; Simulated Martian environment ID ELECTRONIC-NOSE; GAS SENSORS; METHANE; MARS; LIFE AB The capabilities of a chemiresistive microsensor array for detecting and identifying trace target analytes were examined under a simulated Martian atmosphere. The simulated environment included low oxygen content (0.15%) balanced by carbon dioxide, low pressure (7.5 hPa) and temperature (199.1 K), and trace levels of up to three target molecules presented simultaneously. The target molecules were selected from four possible analytes (methane, hydrogen, ethane and sulfur dioxide), presented to the sensor array at multiple concentrations of 200 nmol/mol or less. Signals from four elements of a 16-element microsensor array were employed in the data analyses described. Each element used a different sensing film and was operated with a dynamic temperature program tuned to the background environment. The rich data streams collected from the microsensor array as it was exposed to the complex mixtures and carbon dioxide-based background were analyzed using two approaches: Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). Analysis of the data by LDA was used for initial assessment of the data streams, and indicated that the data from the microsensor array provided sufficient information to identify, and potentially quantify, each of the target analytes. Further analysis showed that it was possible to separate the methane from the other analytes, as demonstrated after analyzing the data by PLS-DA. Furthermore, the models developed using PLS-DA on one day were able to discriminate the analytes on other days. The success rate was qualitatively dependent on the length of time between the day on which the model was trained and the day on which the validation data were acquired. The work demonstrates the potential of this microsensor array approach to be further developed as a low mass, low-power-consumption screening tool for space exploration. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Benkstein, K. D.; Rogers, P. H.; Montgomery, C. B.; Semancik, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jin, C.; Raman, B.] Washington Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Benkstein, KD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kurt.benkstein@nist.gov FU NASA [ROSES2009 PIDDP]; National Institute of Standards Technology FX We acknowledge funding for this research from NASA ROSES2009 PIDDP. PHR was supported by a National Institute of Standards Technology Postdoctoral Associateship Award administered through the National Research Council. We thank C.J. Martinez for microshell sensing materials, G. Strouse for providing calibrated Platinum Resistance Thermometers, and E. Dattoli and M.Y. Afridi for useful discussions on microhotplate operation. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 197 BP 280 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2014.02.088 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AF5KU UT WOS:000334753200038 ER PT J AU Cao, Q Wen, YX Hong, Y Gourley, JJ Kirstetter, PE AF Cao, Qing Wen, Yixin Hong, Yang Gourley, Jonathan J. Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel TI Enhancing Quantitative Precipitation Estimation Over the Continental United States Using a Ground-Space Multi-Sensor Integration Approach SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE); satellite remote sensing; vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR); weather radar ID VERTICAL PROFILES; MELTING-LAYER; RADAR; REFLECTIVITY; BAND; IDENTIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; ALGORITHM; WSR-88D; RAIN AB Quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) based on ground weather radar could be considerably affected by the broadening, ascent, and blockage of the radar beam. These problems are particularly prevalent in mountainous regions. The current study proposes a multi-sensor approach to improve the ground-radar QPE in complex terrain. The proposed method, namely the Vertical Profile of Reflectivity (VPR) Identification and Enhancement (VPR-IE), integrates NOAA's National Mosaic QPE (NMQ) system and NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) measurements. This study demonstrates promising performance of VPR-IE in the Mountainous West Region of the U. S. The potential error sources of this approach and its real-time implementation C1 [Cao, Qing; Wen, Yixin; Hong, Yang; Gourley, Jonathan J.; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] Univ Oklahoma, Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Cao, Qing; Wen, Yixin; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Hong, Yang] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Gourley, Jonathan J.; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Cao, Q (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015 OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX11AL78G] FX This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant NNX11AL78G with the title of "Incorporating NASA Spaceborne Precipitation Research Products into National Mosaic QPE Real-time System for Improved Short-term Weather Prediction at Colorado Basin River Forecast Center". NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 29 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 11 IS 7 BP 1305 EP 1309 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2013.2295768 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AD2VN UT WOS:000333094000027 ER PT J AU Xu, H Yu, YY Tarpley, D Gottsche, FM Olesen, FS AF Xu, Hui Yu, Yunyue Tarpley, Dan Goettsche, Frank-M. Olesen, Folke-Soeren TI Evaluation of GOES-R Land Surface Temperature Algorithm Using SEVIRI Satellite Retrievals With In Situ Measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Geostationary satellites; in situ measurements; land surface temperature (LST) ID THERMAL INFRARED EMISSIVITY; VALIDATION; MSG/SEVIRI; PARAMETERS; PRODUCTS; COVER; ASTER; MAPS AB Validation of the land surface temperature (LST) algorithm and product is a challenging task for future Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R-Series (GOES-R) applications. Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) full-disk data have been used as the key proxy data for the GOES-R LST algorithm and product development. A split window algorithm developed to generate GOES-R LST was applied to MSG SEVIRI data with the algorithm coefficients adjusted to the specific SEVIRI bands. The retrieved LST values were evaluated with in situ LST obtained from four validation stations with different surface features over various time periods. The results presented here clearly highlight the importance of accurate and seasonally representative site characterizations for the LST validation process. Furthermore, the study gives valuable insights into the limitations of the current version of the LST retrieval algorithm and on how to further refine it for the next generation of satellite sensors. C1 [Xu, Hui] IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Xu, Hui; Yu, Yunyue] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Goettsche, Frank-M.; Olesen, Folke-Soeren] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. RP Xu, H (reprint author), IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Hui.Xu@noaa.gov; Yunyue.Yu@noaa.gov; dan.tarpley@gmail.com; frank.goettsche@kit.edu; folke.olesen@kit.edu RI Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010; Xu, Hui/F-5635-2010; Gottsche, Frank-Michael/A-7362-2013 OI Xu, Hui/0000-0002-0917-6526; Gottsche, Frank-Michael/0000-0001-5836-5430 FU European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites FX The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the U.S. Government. This validation work was performed within the context of the Land Surface Analysis Satellite Applications Facility, a project funded by the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 2014 VL 52 IS 7 BP 3812 EP 3822 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2276426 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AC5YO UT WOS:000332597100005 ER PT J AU Valencia, E Zavorotny, VU Akos, DM Camps, A AF Valencia, Enric Zavorotny, Valery U. Akos, Dennis M. Camps, Adriano TI Using DDM Asymmetry Metrics for Wind Direction Retrieval From GPS Ocean-Scattered Signals in Airborne Experiments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Delay-Doppler mapping; global navigation satellite system (GNSS); Global Positioning System (GPS); ocean remote sensing; ocean surface wind direction; reflected GPS ID DELAY-DOPPLER MAPS; SEA-SURFACE; SPEED; MODEL AB Reflectometry of signals of opportunity such as those emitted by a global navigation satellite system, known as GNSS-R, has been developed over the past years as a technique with great potential for ocean scatterometry, among other applications. Different approaches have been proposed to use GNSS-R for remote sensing of ocean surface roughness. One of them is based on deriving some descriptor/metric from the measured delay-Doppler map (DDM) and directly relating it to a geophysical property of the scattering surface. For instance, different descriptors have been proposed in the literature to measure the DDM spreading caused by the increase in ocean surface mean square slopes due to surface winds. In this paper, a new descriptor based on the DDM is proposed for wind direction retrieval. This descriptor, designated as the skewness angle phi(1,skew), measures the asymmetry in the DDM power distribution along the Doppler frequency axis, and it was modeled as a function of wind direction by means of a simulation study. Then, that model was validated using real GNSS-R data from an airborne experiment. After validation, the DDM skewness model was successfully used for wind direction retrieval, with a resulting rms error on the order of 20 degrees. C1 [Valencia, Enric; Camps, Adriano] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Teoria Senyal & Commun, Remote Sensing Lab, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Valencia, Enric] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Ctr Rececerca Aerospacial, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Valencia, Enric; Zavorotny, Valery U.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Akos, Dennis M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Camps, Adriano] UPC, IEEC CRAE, Barcelona 08034, Spain. RP Valencia, E (reprint author), Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Teoria Senyal & Commun, Remote Sensing Lab, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. FU NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project; Spanish National Research projects [AYA2008-05906-C02-01, AYA2011-29183-C02-01] FX This work was supported by the NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project. Part of this study was carried out during the Ph.D. thesis stay of E. Valencia which was funded by the Spanish National Research projects AYA2008-05906-C02-01 and AYA2011-29183-C02-01. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 25 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 2014 VL 52 IS 7 BP 3924 EP 3936 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2278151 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AC5YO UT WOS:000332597100015 ER PT J AU Imtiaz, A Wallis, TM Weber, JC Coakley, KJ Brubaker, MD Blanchard, PT Bertness, KA Sanford, NA Kabos, P AF Imtiaz, Atif Wallis, Thomas M. Weber, Joel C. Coakley, Kevin J. Brubaker, Matt D. Blanchard, Paul T. Bertness, Kris A. Sanford, Norman A. Kabos, Pavel TI Imaging the p-n junction in a gallium nitride nanowire with a scanning microwave microscope SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION; OHMS LAW; TRANSISTORS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; CAPACITANCE; DEVICES AB We used a broadband, atomic-force-microscope-based, scanning microwave microscope (SMM) to probe the axial dependence of the charge depletion in a p-n junction within a gallium nitride nanowire (NW). SMM enables the visualization of the p-n junction location without the need to make patterned electrical contacts to the NW. Spatially resolved measurements of S-11', which is the derivative of the RF reflection coefficient S-11 with respect to voltage, varied strongly when probing axially along the NW and across the p-n junction. The axial variation in S-11' effectively mapped the asymmetric depletion arising from the doping concentrations on either side of the junction. Furthermore, variation of the probe tip voltage altered the apparent extent of features associated with the p-n junction in S-11' images. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Imtiaz, Atif; Wallis, Thomas M.; Weber, Joel C.; Brubaker, Matt D.; Blanchard, Paul T.; Bertness, Kris A.; Sanford, Norman A.; Kabos, Pavel] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Imtiaz, Atif] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Weber, Joel C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Coakley, Kevin J.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kabos, P (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kabos@boulder.nist.gov NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 30 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 26 AR 263107 DI 10.1063/1.4886963 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AL4PE UT WOS:000339114100056 ER PT J AU Kenworthy, WJ Gallegos, CL Costello, C Field, D di Carlo, G AF Kenworthy, W. J. Gallegos, C. L. Costello, Charles Field, Donald di Carlo, Giuseppe TI Dependence of eelgrass (Zostera marina) light requirements on sediment organic matter in Massachusetts coastal bays: Implications for remediation and restoration SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Eelgrass; Zostera marina; Light requirements; Water quality; Nitrogen loading; USA; Massachusetts ID SUBMERSED AQUATIC VEGETATION; OPTICAL WATER-QUALITY; SEAGRASS DEPTH LIMITS; ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENTS; SPECTRAL ABSORPTION; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; WAQUOIT BAY; HABITAT REQUIREMENTS; MESOCOSM EXPERIMENTS; POSITIVE FEEDBACKS AB Using a calibrated bio-optical model we determined that the optical water quality conditions in several nitrogen-impaired embayments and in one unimpaired system were within the range of values known to support eelgrass growth. We also used the model to identify a range of light requirements for eelgrass (Zostera marina). Higher eelgrass light requirements, expressed as a percentage of surface-incident irradiance, corresponded with higher sediment organic matter content. These results corroborated findings by previous studies which indicate a generalized relationship: seagrasses growing in turbid conditions with poorer water and sediment quality have higher light requirements than those growing in less degraded conditions. The mechanistic reason for the variation in light requirements is still not completely explained and cannot be attributed to a single independent variable. Varying light requirement have important implications for eelgrass protection and should be considered when setting restoration targets for eelgrass in water quality and nitrogen remediation programs. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kenworthy, W. J.; Field, Donald; di Carlo, Giuseppe] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, NCCOS, NOS, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Gallegos, C. L.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Costello, Charles] Massachusetts Dept Environm Protect, Div Watershed Management, Boston, MA 02108 USA. RP Gallegos, CL (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM jud.kenworthy@gmail.com; gallegosc@si.edu; charles.costello@state.ma.us; don.fleld@noaa.gov; Giuseppe.dicarlo@gmail.com OI Gallegos, Charles/0000-0001-5112-0166 FU Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection [2007-03/CAP]; Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research; NCCOS; NOS; NOAA FX Funding for this work was provided by contract 2007-03/CAP from the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection to the Smithsonian Institution. Additional funding for W.J. Kenworthy, G. Di Carlo and D. Field was provided by the Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, NCCOS, NOS, NOAA. We thank S. L. Benson and E. A. L. Milton for assistance with field and laboratory work, and Mary Kay Fox of the Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve for access to laboratory space. We thank Jessie Jarvis for assistance with sediment organic matter and grain size analysis. We also thank Amit Malhotra of the Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research for assistance in collecting and processing Kinematic Global Positioning System data. NR 86 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUN 30 PY 2014 VL 83 IS 2 BP 446 EP 457 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.11.006 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AK4PH UT WOS:000338406100009 PM 24308994 ER PT J AU Lehnert, H Stone, RP AF Lehnert, Helmut Stone, Robert P. TI Aleutian Ancorinidae (Porifera, Astrophorida): Description of three new species from the genera Stelletta and Ancorina SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE new demosponges; Aleutian Islands; Alaska; North Pacific; Bering Sea AB Two new species of the genus Stelletta and one new species of Ancorina are described from the Aleutian Islands of Alaska and compared to congeners of the region. This is the first record of the genus Ancorina in the North Pacific Ocean. Stelletta ovalae Tanita 1965 is also reported for the first time from the Bering Sea and Alaska. C1 [Lehnert, Helmut] LMU Munchen, GeoBio Ctr, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Stone, Robert P.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Lehnert, H (reprint author), Eichenstr 14, D-86507 Oberottmarshausen, Germany. EM Lehnert@spongetaxonomics.de; bob.stone@noaa.gov FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center of NOAA/NMFS FX We thank the RACE Groundfish and Shellfish Assessment Programs of NOAA's Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC) especially Jim Stark and Brian Knoth (both of NOAA Fisheries, AFSC) and the captains and crews of the FV Ocean Explorer and FV Sea Storm for their assistance collecting biological samples for this study. Thanks also to the Zoologische Staatssammlung, Munchen for providing access to the SEM, especially to Enrico Schwabe for help operating the SEM. We thank Michele Masuda (Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auke Bay Laboratory) for providing Figure 1. Helmut Lehnert was supported by a contract from the Alaska Fisheries Science Center of NOAA/NMFS. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUN 30 PY 2014 VL 3826 IS 2 BP 341 EP 355 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AK0OG UT WOS:000338112800004 PM 24990051 ER PT J AU Whan, K Alexander, LV Imielska, A McGree, S Jones, D Ene, E Finaulahi, S Inape, K Jacklick, L Kumar, R Laurent, V Malala, H Malsale, P Pulehetoa-Mitiepo, R Ngemaes, M Peltier, A Porteous, A Seuseu, S Skilling, E Tahani, L Toorua, U Vaiimene, M AF Whan, K. Alexander, L. V. Imielska, A. McGree, S. Jones, D. Ene, E. Finaulahi, S. Inape, K. Jacklick, L. Kumar, R. Laurent, V. Malala, H. Malsale, P. Pulehetoa-Mitiepo, R. Ngemaes, M. Peltier, A. Porteous, A. Seuseu, S. Skilling, E. Tahani, L. Toorua, U. Vaiimene, M. TI Trends and variability of temperature extremes in the tropical Western Pacific SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate extremes; extreme indices; homogenization; temperature; Western Pacific ID NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; DAILY CLIMATE EXTREMES; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; MONITORING CHANGES; PRECIPITATION; INDEXES; AUSTRALIA; REGION; ASIA; 20TH-CENTURY AB A new high-quality daily and monthly temperature station dataset was prepared for the tropical Western Pacific through a quality control and homogenization process. The homogeneity of 46 temperature stations, collected at a workshop conducted as part of the Pacific-Australia Climate Change Science and Adaptation Planning program, was assessed and the non-climatic step changes were removed. Here we present trends in mean and extreme temperature for the Western Pacific, covering an extended time period and larger geographical area compared with previous analyses. We discuss five main conclusions: (1) There is a significant warming trend in annual mean temperature over the past 50 years (1961-2011), of between 0.05 and 0.34 degrees C per decade. (2) Significant and spatially homogeneous warming trends are evident at the station level over 1961-2011 for the warm and cool extremes of both maximum and minimum temperatures. (3) Sub-regional trends, over the period 1951-2011, are spatially coherent, with the largest warming trends in the hottest day and night of the year and the coolest night of the year. (4) This analysis highlights the role of decadal variability in the number of days exceeding extreme temperature thresholds, with the upper (lower) tails of the distribution warming more (less) in recent decades. (5) We show that strong relationships exist between local and remote sea-surface temperature anomalies and all indices of extreme temperature, particularly with minimum temperature extremes. C1 [Whan, K.; Alexander, L. V.; Imielska, A.] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Whan, K.; Alexander, L. V.] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Imielska, A.; McGree, S.; Jones, D.] Australian Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Ene, E.] Tuvalu Meteorol Serv, Funafuti, Tuvalu. [Finaulahi, S.] Fuaamotu Airport, Tonga Meteorol Serv, Fuaamotu, Tonga. [Inape, K.] Papua New Guinea Natl Weather Serv, Port Moresby, Papua N Guinea. [Jacklick, L.] Majuro Weather Serv Off, Natl Weather Serv, Majuro, Marshall Island. [Kumar, R.] Nadi Airport, Fiji Meteorol Serv, Nadi, Fiji. [Laurent, V.] French Polynesia Natl Weather Serv, Meteofrance Polynesie Francaise, Tahiti, AS USA. [Malala, H.] Pagopago Weather Serv Off, Natl Weather Serv, Pagopago, AS USA. [Malsale, P.] Vanuatu Meteorol Serv, Port Vila, Vanuatu. [Pulehetoa-Mitiepo, R.] Hanan Airport, Niue Meteorol Serv, Alofi, Niue. [Ngemaes, M.] Koror Weather Serv Off, Natl Weather Serv, Koror, Palau. [Peltier, A.] Meteofrance Nouvelle Caledonie, Noumea, New Caledonia. [Porteous, A.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. [Seuseu, S.] Minist Natl Resources Environm & Meteorol, Samoa Meteorol Div, Apia, Western Samoa. [Skilling, E.] Pohnpei Weather Serv Off, Natl Weather Serv, Ponape, Micronesia. [Tahani, L.] Solomon Isl Meteorol Serv, Honiara, Solomon Islands. [Toorua, U.] Kiribati Meteorol Serv, Tarawa, Kiribati. [Vaiimene, M.] Cook Isl Meteorol Serv, Rarotonga, Cook Islands. RP Whan, K (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, Univ House 1, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. EM kwhan@uvic.ca RI Alexander, Lisa/A-8477-2011 OI Alexander, Lisa/0000-0002-5635-2457 FU Australian government's International Climate Change Adaptation Initiative; Australian Research Council [CE110001028] FX This study was fully funded by the Australian government's International Climate Change Adaptation Initiative, and delivered through the Pacific Climate Change Science and Pacific-Australia Climate Change Science and Adaptation Planning Programs. It has only been made possible through the contributions of historical data and station history information from meteorological and climate organizations located in American Samoa, Cook Islands, East Timor, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, the USA and Vanuatu. The authors thank the heads of these agencies for permitting access to their data and appreciate the assistance of employees of these organizations. LVA is also supported by Australian Research Council grant CE110001028. The authors are particularly grateful to Jim Salinger for metadata and personal knowledge about several Pacific Island stations, and Blair Trewin, Xiaolan Wang and Yang Feng for assistance in training Partner Country representatives in data homogenization and for providing the authors software with due advice. NR 61 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JUN 30 PY 2014 VL 34 IS 8 BP 2585 EP 2603 DI 10.1002/joc.3861 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ4SU UT WOS:000337667100005 ER PT J AU McGree, S Whan, K Jones, D Alexander, LV Imielska, A Diamond, H Ene, E Finaulahi, S Inape, K Jacklick, L Kumar, R Laurent, V Malala, H Malsale, P Moniz, T Ngemaes, M Peltier, A Porteous, A Pulehetoa-Mitiepo, R Seuseu, S Skilling, E Tahani, L Teimitsi, F Toorua, U Vaiimene, M AF McGree, S. Whan, K. Jones, D. Alexander, L. V. Imielska, A. Diamond, H. Ene, E. Finaulahi, S. Inape, K. Jacklick, L. Kumar, R. Laurent, V. Malala, H. Malsale, P. Moniz, T. Ngemaes, M. Peltier, A. Porteous, A. Pulehetoa-Mitiepo, R. Seuseu, S. Skilling, E. Tahani, L. Teimitsi, F. Toorua, U. Vaiimene, M. TI An updated assessment of trends and variability in total and extreme rainfall in the western Pacific SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE extreme climate indices; ETCCDI; SPCZ; IPO; Pacific Islands ID CLIMATE DATA SERIES; MAXIMAL T-TEST; SOUTH-PACIFIC; CONVERGENCE ZONE; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; MONITORING CHANGES; PRECIPITATION DATA; F-TEST; OSCILLATION; INDEXES AB Rainfall records for 23 countries and territories in the western Pacific have been collated for the purpose of examining trends in total and extreme rainfall since 1951. For some countries this is the first time that their data have been included in this type of analysis and for others the number of stations examined is more than twice that available in the current literature. Station trends in annual total and extreme rainfall for 1961-2011 are spatially heterogeneous and largely not statistically significant. This differs with the results of earlier studies that show spatially coherent trends that tended to reverse in the vicinity of the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ). We infer that the difference is due to the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation switching to a negative phase from about 1999, largely reversing earlier rainfall changes. Trend analyses for 1981-2011 show wetter conditions in the West Pacific Monsoon (WPM) region and southwest of the mean SPCZ position. In the tropical North Pacific it has become wetter west of 160 degrees E with the Intertropical Convergence Zone/WPM expanding northwards west of 140 degrees E. Northeast of the SPCZ and in the central tropical Pacific east of about 160 degrees E it has become drier. Our findings for the South Pacific subtropics are consistent with broader trends seen in parts of southern and eastern Australia towards reduced rainfall. The relationship between total and extreme rainfall and Pacific basin sea surface temperatures (SSTs) has been investigated with a focus on the influence of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We substantiate a strong relationship between ENSO and total rainfall and establish similar relationships for the threshold extreme indices. The percentile-based and absolute extreme indices are influenced by ENSO to a lesser extent and in some cases the influence is marginal. Undoubtedly, larger-scale SST variability is not the only influence on these indices. C1 [McGree, S.; Jones, D.; Imielska, A.] Bur Meteorol, Pacific Australia Climate Change Sci Adaptat Plan, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Whan, K.; Alexander, L. V.] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Whan, K.; Alexander, L. V.] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Diamond, H.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Ene, E.] Tuvalu Meteorol Serv, Funafuti, Tuvalu. [Finaulahi, S.] Fuaamotu Airport, Tonga Meteorol Serv, Fuaamotu, Tonga. [Inape, K.] Papua New Guinea Natl Weather Serv, Port Moresby, Papua N Guinea. [Jacklick, L.] Majuro Weather Serv Off, Natl Weather Serv, Majuro, Marshall Island. [Kumar, R.] Nadi Airport, Fiji Meteorol Serv, Nadi, Fiji. [Laurent, V.] Meteofrance Polynesie Francaise, Tahiti, Fr Polynesia. [Malala, H.] Pagopago Weather Serv Off, Natl Weather Serv, Pagopago, AS USA. [Malsale, P.] Vanuatu Meteorol Serv, Port Vila, Vanuatu. [Moniz, T.] Dirrecao Nacl Meteorol & Geofis, Dili, East Timor, Iceland. [Ngemaes, M.] Koror Weather Serv Off, Natl Weather Serv, Koror, Palau. [Peltier, A.] Meteofrance Nouvelle Caledonie, Noumea, New Caledonia. [Porteous, A.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. [Pulehetoa-Mitiepo, R.] Hanan Airport, Niue Meteorol Serv, Alofi, Niue. [Seuseu, S.] Minist Natl Resources Environm & Meteorol, Samoa Meteorol Div, Apia, Samoa, Iceland. [Skilling, E.] Pohnpei Weather Serv Off, Natl Weather Serv, Ponape, Micronesia. [Tahani, L.] Solomon Isl Meteorol Serv, Honiara, Solomon Islands. [Teimitsi, F.] Trop Western Pacific Climate Res Stn, Yaren, Nauru. [Toorua, U.] Kiribati Meteorol Serv, Tarawa, Kiribati. [Vaiimene, M.] Cook Isl Meteorol Serv, Rarotonga, Cook Islands. RP McGree, S (reprint author), Bur Meteorol, Natl Climate Ctr, GPO Box 1289, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. EM s.mcgree@bom.gov.au RI Alexander, Lisa/A-8477-2011 OI Alexander, Lisa/0000-0002-5635-2457 FU Australian government's International Climate Change Adaptation Initiative; Australian Research Council [CE110001028] FX This study was fully funded by the Australian government's International Climate Change Adaptation Initiative, and delivered through the Pacific Climate Change Science and Pacific-Australia Climate Change Science and Adaptation Planning Programs. It has only been made possible through the contributions of historical data and station history information from meteorological and climate organizations located in American Samoa, Cook Islands, East Timor, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, the USA and Vanuatu. The authors thank the heads of these agencies for permitting access to their data and appreciate the assistance employees of these organizations have provided. Lisa Alexander's contribution was supported by the Australian Research Council grant CE110001028. The authors are particularly grateful to Jim Salinger for metadata and personal knowledge about several Pacific island stations, and Blair Trewin, Xiaolan Wang, Yang Feng and Guomin Wang for assistance in training Partner Country representatives in data homogenization and providing the authors with advice, software and data. The authors wish to thank the Bureau of Meteorology internal reviewers and IJC anonymous reviewers for their comments and contributions. NR 66 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JUN 30 PY 2014 VL 34 IS 8 BP 2775 EP 2791 DI 10.1002/joc.3874 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ4SU UT WOS:000337667100018 ER PT J AU Fricker, T Elsner, JB Camp, P Jagger, TH AF Fricker, T. Elsner, J. B. Camp, P. Jagger, T. H. TI Empirical estimates of kinetic energy from some recent US tornadoes SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; INTENSITY; CYCLONE; WIDTH AB Data from some recent tornado damage assessments are used to compute the percentage of damage path area by enhanced Fujita (EF) rating and to estimate kinetic energy. Only a small fraction of the damage area gets the highest damage rating, and this fraction is lower than a model used by the U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. However, estimates of kinetic energy derived from a characteristic wind speed for each EF rating and the fraction of area with that rating match kinetic energy estimates using the model percentages. On average, the higher the EF rating, the larger the kinetic energy, but there is large variability in the relationship. The average total kinetic energy over the EF1 tornadoes examined in the study is 0.61 TJ, which compares with an average of 2.37 TJ, 40.1 TJ, 36.5 TJ, and 50.4 TJ for the EF2, EF3, EF4, and EF5 tornadoes, respectively. The most energetic tornado examined had a maximum damage rating of EF3. C1 [Fricker, T.; Elsner, J. B.; Jagger, T. H.] Florida State Univ, Dept Geog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Camp, P.] Natl Weather Serv, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Fricker, T (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Geog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM tfricker@fsu.edu OI Elsner, James/0000-0001-6805-7431 FU Department of Geography at Florida State University FX We acknowledge some financial support from the Department of Geography at Florida State University. The DAT is available at https://apps.dat.noaa.gov/StormDamage/DamageViewer/. The data in Table 1 are available by emailing the lead author. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 12 BP 4340 EP 4346 DI 10.1002/2014GL060441 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AN0SM UT WOS:000340294300031 ER PT J AU Dudowicz, J Douglas, JF Freed, KF AF Dudowicz, Jacek Douglas, Jack F. Freed, Karl F. TI Two glass transitions in miscible polymer blends? SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE CLUSTER THEORY; SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; COMPRESSIBLE SYSTEMS; PHASE-SEPARATION; LIQUID-MIXTURES; MODEL; RELAXATION; DEPENDENCE; SCATTERING; MOBILITY AB In contrast to mixtures of two small molecule fluids, miscible binary polymer blends often exhibit two structural relaxation times and two glass transition temperatures. Qualitative explanations postulate phenomenological models of local concentration enhancements due to chain connectivity in ideal, fully miscible systems. We develop a quantitative theory that explains qualitative trends in the dynamics of real miscible polymer blends which are never ideal mixtures. The theory is a synthesis of the lattice cluster theory of blend thermodynamics, the generalized entropy theory for glass-formation in polymer materials, and the Kirkwood-Buff theory for concentration fluctuations in binary mixtures. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dudowicz, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-SC0008631] FX The research is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award DE-SC0008631. One of us (J.D.) likes to thank Mark Ediger for useful discussions and for challenging us to address the observation of two glass transitions in miscible blends. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 28 PY 2014 VL 140 IS 24 AR 244905 DI 10.1063/1.4884123 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AK7UW UT WOS:000338634200066 PM 24985676 ER PT J AU Shen, VK Siderius, DW AF Shen, Vincent K. Siderius, Daniel W. TI Elucidating the effects of adsorbent flexibility on fluid adsorption using simple models and flat-histogram sampling methods SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MATRIX MONTE-CARLO; METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE; DENSITY-OF-STATES; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; MOLECULAR SIMULATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; POROUS MATERIALS; SURFACE-TENSION; GAS-ADSORPTION AB Using flat-histogram Monte Carlo methods, we investigate the adsorptive behavior of the square-well fluid in two simple slit-pore-like models intended to capture fundamental characteristics of flexible adsorbent materials. Both models require as input thermodynamic information about the flexible adsorbent material itself. An important component of this work involves formulating the flexible pore models in the appropriate thermodynamic (statistical mechanical) ensembles, namely, the osmotic ensemble and a variant of the grand-canonical ensemble. Two-dimensional probability distributions, which are calculated using flat-histogram methods, provide the information necessary to determine adsorption thermodynamics. For example, we are able to determine precisely adsorption isotherms, (equilibrium) phase transition conditions, limits of stability, and free energies for a number of different flexible adsorbent materials, distinguishable as different inputs into the models. While the models used in this work are relatively simple from a geometric perspective, they yield non-trivial adsorptive behavior, including adsorption-desorption hysteresis solely due to material flexibility and so-called "breathing" of the adsorbent. The observed effects can in turn be tied to the inherent properties of the bare adsorbent. Some of the effects are expected on physical grounds while others arise from a subtle balance of thermodynamic and mechanical driving forces. In addition, the computational strategy presented here can be easily applied to more complex models for flexible adsorbents. C1 [Shen, Vincent K.; Siderius, Daniel W.] NIST, Chem Informat Res Grp, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shen, VK (reprint author), NIST, Chem Informat Res Grp, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vincent.shen@nist.gov NR 64 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 28 PY 2014 VL 140 IS 24 AR 244106 DI 10.1063/1.4884124 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AK7UW UT WOS:000338634200009 PM 24985617 ER PT J AU Okoro, C Levine, LE Xu, RQ Hummler, K Obeng, Y AF Okoro, Chukwudi Levine, Lyle E. Xu, Ruqing Hummler, Klaus Obeng, Yaw TI Synchrotron-based measurement of the impact of thermal cycling on the evolution of stresses in Cu through-silicon vias SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FAILURE ANALYSIS; THIN-FILMS; COPPER; FATIGUE; DEFORMATION; METALLIZATION; MECHANISM AB One of the main causes of failure during the lifetime of microelectronics devices is their exposure to fluctuating temperatures. In this work, synchrotron-based X-ray micro-diffraction is used to study the evolution of stresses in copper through-silicon via (TSV) interconnects, "as-received" and after 1000 thermal cycles. For both test conditions, significant fluctuations in the measured normal and shear stresses with depth are attributed to variations in the Cu grain orientation. Nevertheless, the mean hydrostatic stresses in the "as-received" Cu TSV were very low, at (16 +/- 44) MPa, most likely due to room temperature stress relaxation. In contrast, the mean hydrostatic stresses along the entire length of the Cu TSV that had undergone 1000 thermal cycles (123 +/- 37) MPa were found to be eight times greater, which was attributed to increased strain-hardening. The evolution in stresses with thermal cycling is a clear indication that the impact of Cu TSVs on front-end-of-line (FEOL) device performance will change through the lifetime of the 3D stacked dies, and ought to be accounted for during FEOL keep-out-zone design rules development. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Okoro, Chukwudi; Obeng, Yaw] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Levine, Lyle E.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Ruqing] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hummler, Klaus] SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Okoro, C (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chukwudi.okoro@nist.gov RI Xu, Ruqing/K-3586-2012 OI Xu, Ruqing/0000-0003-1037-0059 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The XOR/UNI facilities on Sector 34 at the APS are supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 28 PY 2014 VL 115 IS 24 AR 243509 DI 10.1063/1.4885461 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AK7UQ UT WOS:000338633600014 ER PT J AU Su, X Yuan, HL Zhu, YJ Luo, Y Wang, Y AF Su, Xiang Yuan, Huiling Zhu, Yuejian Luo, Yan Wang, Yuan TI Evaluation of TIGGE ensemble predictions of Northern Hemisphere summer precipitation during 2008-2012 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID INITIAL PERTURBATIONS; WEATHER PREDICTIONS; KALMAN FILTER; UNITED-STATES; SYSTEM; FORECASTS; PREDICTABILITY; REPRESENTATION; VERIFICATION; UNCERTAINTY AB The ensemble mean quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) and probabilistic QPFs (PQPFs) from six operational global ensemble prediction systems (EPSs) in The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) data set are evaluated against the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission observations using a series of area-weighted verification metrics during June to August 2008-2012 in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) midlatitude and tropics. Results indicate that generally the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts performs best while the Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC) is relatively good for short-range QPFs and PQPFs at light precipitation thresholds. The overall forecast skill is better in the NH midlatitude than in the NH tropics. QPFs and PQPFs from China Meteorological Administration (CMA) have very little discrimination ability of different observed rain events in the NH tropics. The day +1 QPFs from Japan Meteorological Agency have remarkably large moist biases in the NH tropics, which leads to the discontinuity of forecast performance with the lead times. Performance changes due to the major EPS upgrades during the five summers are also examined using the forecasts from CMA as the reference to eliminate the interannual variation. After the EPS upgrade, CMC improves the PQPF skill at light precipitation threshold while its excessively enlarged ensemble spread increases the overall QPF and PQPF errors. C1 [Su, Xiang; Yuan, Huiling; Wang, Yuan] Nanjing Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Mesoscale Severe Weather, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Su, Xiang; Yuan, Huiling; Wang, Yuan] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Yuan, Huiling] Jiangsu Collaborat Innovat Ctr Climate Change, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Yuejian; Luo, Yan] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, NCEP, NWS, College Pk, MD USA. [Luo, Yan] IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD USA. RP Yuan, HL (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Mesoscale Severe Weather, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM yuanhl@nju.edu.cn RI Yuan, Huiling/G-9795-2013 FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2013CB430106]; R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) [GYHY201206005]; Natural Science Foundation of China [41175087]; High Performance Computing Center of Nanjing University FX In this paper, the TIGGE data are from the ECMWF portal (http://tigge-portal.ecmwf.int/) and the TRMM data are available at NASA's Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) (ftp://disc2.nascom.nasa.gov/data/TRMM/Gridded/3B42_V7/). The authors appreciate Roberto Buizza of ECMWF and anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions. This study received support from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2013CB430106), the R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) (GYHY201206005), and Natural Science Foundation of China (41175087). We also thank the support of High Performance Computing Center of Nanjing University. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 12 BP 7292 EP 7310 DI 10.1002/2014JD021733 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN0BP UT WOS:000340247000017 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Heckert, NA Leigh, SD Rhorer, RL Kobayashi, H McDonough, WG Rice, KD Holmes, GA AF Kim, Jae Hyun Heckert, N. Alan Leigh, Stefan D. Rhorer, Richard L. Kobayashi, Haruki McDonough, Walter G. Rice, Kirk D. Holmes, Gale A. TI Statistical analysis of PPTA fiber strengths measured under high strain rate condition SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aramid fiber; Mechanical properties; Strength; Statistics ID WEIBULL MODULUS; TENSILE AB Single PPTA [poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)] fiber tensile tests using a Kolsky bar were carried out to investigate the effect of the strain rate on their tensile strengths. Since single fiber tests yield distributions of strengths, a large sample size is needed to get statistically significant results. In this study a new fiber gripping method using direct clamping of a single fiber with PMMA [poly(methyl methacrylate)] plates is introduced to measure fiber strengths under high strain rate test conditions in a high-throughput manner. For comparison purposes, quasi-static tests using the same PMMA plates were also performed. PPTA fiber strengths measured under quasi-static test conditions with 5 mm and 60 mm gauge lengths exhibit length dependency confirmed by statistical analysis. In addition, statistical comparison of PPTA fiber strengths measured under quasi-static and high strain rate test conditions clearly show that this fiber's strengths are rate-dependent. Furthermore, PPTA fiber strengths obtained by high strain rate tests increase with decreasing fiber diameter, while no such relation appears in quasi-static tests. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kim, Jae Hyun; Kobayashi, Haruki; McDonough, Walter G.; Holmes, Gale A.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heckert, N. Alan; Leigh, Stefan D.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rhorer, Richard L.] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rice, Kirk D.] NIST, Law Enforcement Stand Off, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Holmes, GA (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, M-S 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gale.holmes@nist.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 EI 1879-1050 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 27 PY 2014 VL 98 BP 93 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.03.021 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA AK4PI UT WOS:000338406200014 ER PT J AU Manley, ME Jeffries, JR Lee, H Butch, NP Zabalegui, A Abernathy, DL AF Manley, M. E. Jeffries, J. R. Lee, H. Butch, N. P. Zabalegui, A. Abernathy, D. L. TI Multiple high-temperature transitions driven by dynamical structures in NaI SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INTRINSIC LOCALIZED MODES; PATTERN-FORMATION; DISCRETE BREATHERS; CRYSTALS; INTERFERENCE; EQUILIBRIUM; LATTICES AB Multiple, consecutive high-temperature transitions in NaI involving dynamical order and/or localization in the energy-momentum spectrum but not in the average crystal structure are revealed by lattice dynamics, x-ray lattice spacing, and heat-capacity measurements. Distinctive energy-momentum patterns and lattice distortions indicate dynamical structures forming within randomly stacked planes, rather than the isolated point-defect-like intrinsic localized modes predicted. Transition entropies are accounted for by vibrational entropy changes, and the transition enthalpies are explained by the strain energy of forming stacking-fault-like planar distortions deduced from x-ray-diffraction peak shifts. The vibrational entropy of the dynamical structures stabilizes surrounding elastic distortions. C1 [Manley, M. E.; Abernathy, D. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jeffries, J. R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Lee, H.; Zabalegui, A.] Santa Clara Univ, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. [Butch, N. P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Butch, N. P.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Manley, ME (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM manleyme@ornl.gov RI Abernathy, Douglas/A-3038-2012; Manley, Michael/N-4334-2015; BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012 OI Abernathy, Douglas/0000-0002-3533-003X; FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; LDRD at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) [14-ERD-041]; Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC52- 07NA27344]; CIW; CDAC; UNLV; DOE- NNSA; DOE-BES; NSF; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX We would like to thank W. J. Evans, D. Ruddle, and K. Visbeck for assistance with the high-temperature furnace used in these experiments. We would also like to thank N. Agladze for assistance with and discussions on the dilatometry and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. Research sponsored, in part (M. E. M.), by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. Portions of this work (J. R. J. and N. P. B.) were supported by LDRD (Tracking Code No. 14-ERD-041) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). LLNL is operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC52- 07NA27344. Portions of this work were performed at HPCAT (Sector 16), Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. HPCAT is supported by CIW, CDAC, UNLV, and LLNL through funding from the DOE- NNSA, DOE-BES, and NSF. Beam time was graciously provided through CDAC. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The portion of this research performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 27 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 22 AR 224106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.224106 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AJ8HM UT WOS:000337944000002 ER PT J AU Zhang, DM Baek, H Ha, J Zhang, T Wyrick, J Davydov, AV Kuk, Y Stroscio, JA AF Zhang, Duming Baek, Hongwoo Ha, Jeonghoon Zhang, Tong Wyrick, Jonathan Davydov, Albert V. Kuk, Young Stroscio, Joseph A. TI Quasiparticle scattering from topological crystalline insulator SnTe (001) surface states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITION; INTERFERENCE AB Recently, the topological classification of electronic states has been extended to a new class of matter known as topological crystalline insulators. Similar to topological insulators, topological crystalline insulators also have spin-momentum locked surface states, but they only exist on specific crystal planes that are protected by crystal reflection symmetry. Here, we report an ultralow temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy study on topological crystalline insulator SnTe nanoplates grown by molecular beam epitaxy. We observed quasiparticle interference patterns on the SnTe (001) surface that can be interpreted in terms of electron scattering from the four Fermi pockets of the topological crystalline insulator surface states in the first surface Brillouin zone. A quantitative analysis of the energy dispersion of the quasiparticle interference intensity shows two high energy features related to the crossing point beyond the Lifshitz transition when the two neighboring low energy surface bands near the (X) over bar point merge. A comparison between the experimental and computed quasiparticle interference patterns reveals possible spin texture of the surface states. C1 [Zhang, Duming; Baek, Hongwoo; Ha, Jeonghoon; Zhang, Tong; Wyrick, Jonathan; Stroscio, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Duming; Ha, Jeonghoon; Zhang, Tong] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Baek, Hongwoo] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, DM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.stroscio@nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; Korea Research Foundation [KRF-2010-00349] FX We thank Liang Fu, Mark Stiles, and Guru Khalsa for valuable comments and discussions. We are also grateful to Takafumi Sato and Yoichi Ando for sharing with us the SnTe (001) surface state parameters estimated from their ARPES measurements. DZ, JH, and TZ acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Grant No. 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. HB and YK are partly supported by Korea Research Foundation through Grant No. KRF-2010-00349. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 38 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 27 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 24 AR 245445 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.245445 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AJ8HR UT WOS:000337944600006 ER PT J AU Miller, RR Field, JC Santora, JA Schroeder, ID Huff, DD Key, M Pearson, DE MacCall, AD AF Miller, Rebecca R. Field, John C. Santora, Jarrod A. Schroeder, Isaac D. Huff, David D. Key, Meisha Pearson, Don E. MacCall, Alec D. TI A Spatially Distinct History of the Development of California Groundfish Fisheries SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID US WEST-COAST; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; ONSLOW BAY; DEEP; CONSERVATION; SEBASTES; ROCKFISH; MANAGEMENT; PATTERNS; CATCH AB During the past century, commercial fisheries have expanded from small vessels fishing in shallow, coastal habitats to a broad suite of vessels and gears that fish virtually every marine habitat on the globe. Understanding how fisheries have developed in space and time is critical for interpreting and managing the response of ecosystems to the effects of fishing, however time series of spatially explicit data are typically rare. Recently, the 1933-1968 portion of the commercial catch dataset from the California Department of Fish and Wildlife was recovered and digitized, completing the full historical series for both commercial and recreational datasets from 1933-2010. These unique datasets include landing estimates at a coarse 10 by 10 minute "grid-block'' spatial resolution and extends the entire length of coastal California up to 180 kilometers from shore. In this study, we focus on the catch history of groundfish which were mapped for each grid-block using the year at 50% cumulative catch and total historical catch per habitat area. We then constructed generalized linear models to quantify the relationship between spatiotemporal trends in groundfish catches, distance from ports, depth, percentage of days with wind speed over 15 knots, SST and ocean productivity. Our results indicate that over the history of these fisheries, catches have taken place in increasingly deeper habitat, at a greater distance from ports, and in increasingly inclement weather conditions. Understanding spatial development of groundfish fisheries and catches in California are critical for improving population models and for evaluating whether implicit stock assessment model assumptions of relative homogeneity of fisheries removals over time and space are reasonable. This newly reconstructed catch dataset and analysis provides a comprehensive appreciation for the development of groundfish fisheries with respect to commonly assumed trends of global fisheries patterns that are typically constrained by a lack of long-term spatial datasets. C1 [Miller, Rebecca R.; Huff, David D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Miller, Rebecca R.; Field, John C.; Pearson, Don E.; MacCall, Alec D.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Santora, Jarrod A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Schroeder, Isaac D.] NOAA, Div Environm Res, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Grove, CA USA. [Key, Meisha] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Miller, RR (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM Rebecca.Miller@noaa.gov OI Huff, David/0000-0001-9061-7685 FU NOAA Climate Data Modernization Project (CDMP); NMFS Stock Assessment Improvement Plan; SWFSC California Current Integrated Ecosystem Assessment (IEA) FX NOAA Climate Data Modernization Project (CDMP), the NMFS Stock Assessment Improvement Plan, and the SWFSC California Current Integrated Ecosystem Assessment (IEA). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 84 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 26 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 6 AR e99758 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0099758 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AK2WP UT WOS:000338280800019 PM 24967973 ER PT J AU Schlamminger, S AF Schlamminger, Stephan TI FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS A cool way to measure big G SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schlamminger, S (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephan.schlamminger@nist.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 26 PY 2014 VL 510 IS 7506 BP 478 EP 480 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AJ6LK UT WOS:000337806300033 PM 24965646 ER PT J AU Moon, D Obrzut, J Douglas, JF Lam, T Koziol, KK Migler, KB AF Moon, Doyoung Obrzut, Jan Douglas, Jack F. Lam, Thomas Koziol, Krzysztof K. Migler, Kalman B. TI Three dimensional cluster distributions in processed multi-wall carbon nanotube polymer composites SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Nanocomposite; CNTs; Clusters ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; LIVING POLYMERS; MONTE-CARLO; NANOCOMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR; PERCOLATION; NETWORKS; MODEL; FLOW AB We determine the three-dimensional structure of melt-mixed carbon nanotube (CNT) networks in an amorphous polymer matrix via confocal microscopy and image analysis. We find that the CNT networks consist of ramified clusters whose size distribution scales with cluster mass according to exponents typical of percolating systems. Remarkably, these scaling relationships hold over a wide range of concentrations, processing operations (squeezing, shearing, annealing) and subsequent electrical conductivity levels. Our results suggest that the power law scaling of cluster mass with size and frequency might be an important principle governing multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) structure in processed composites. We suggest that subtle changes in MWCNT-polymer interface structure may play a significant role in composite electrical direct current DC conductivity. Also, we find that residual flow plays a key role in the phenomenon of conductivity recovery during post-process annealing. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Moon, Doyoung; Obrzut, Jan; Douglas, Jack F.; Migler, Kalman B.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lam, Thomas] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Koziol, Krzysztof K.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. RP Migler, KB (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kalman.migler@nist.gov OI Obrzut, Jan/0000-0001-6667-9712 NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUN 25 PY 2014 VL 55 IS 15 BP 3270 EP 3277 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.05.022 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AJ8XW UT WOS:000337992400011 ER PT J AU Datla, R Weinreb, M Rice, J Johnson, BC Shirley, E Cao, CY AF Datla, Raju Weinreb, Michael Rice, Joseph Johnson, B. Carol Shirley, Eric Cao, Changyong TI Optical Passive Sensor Calibration for Satellite Remote Sensing and the Legacy of NOAA and NIST Cooperation SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; integrating sphere; irradiance standard; ocean color; radiance standard; radiometry; remote sensing sensor calibration; weather satellites ID CRYOGENIC RADIOMETER; SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; CHANNELS; STANDARD; MOON AB This paper traces the cooperative efforts of scientists at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to improve the calibration of operational satellite sensors for remote sensing of the Earth's land, atmosphere and oceans. It gives a chronological perspective of the NOAA satellite program and the interactions between the two agencies' scientists to address pre-launch calibration and issues of sensor performance on orbit. The drive to improve accuracy of measurements has had a new impetus in recent years because of the need for improved weather prediction and climate monitoring. The highlights of this cooperation and strategies to achieve SI-traceability and improve accuracy for optical satellite sensor data are summarized. C1 [Datla, Raju] ERT Inc, NOAA Affiliate, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Weinreb, Michael] NOAA NSOF E OSD, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Rice, Joseph; Johnson, B. Carol; Shirley, Eric] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cao, Changyong] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD 20737 USA. RP Datla, R (reprint author), ERT Inc, NOAA Affiliate, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. EM raju.datla@noaa.gov; michael.weinreb@noaa.gov; joe.rice@nist.gov; carol.johnson@nist.gov; eric.shirley@nist.gov; changyong.cao@noaa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUN 24 PY 2014 VL 119 BP 235 EP 255 DI 10.6028/jres.119.008 PG 21 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AK4XJ UT WOS:000338427300001 PM 26601030 ER PT J AU Snyder, CR Nieuwendaal, RC DeLongchamp, DM Luscombe, CK Sista, P Boyd, SD AF Snyder, Chad R. Nieuwendaal, Ryan C. DeLongchamp, Dean M. Luscombe, Christine K. Sista, Prakash Boyd, Shane D. TI Quantifying Crystallinity in High Molar Mass Poly(3-hexylthiophene) SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID REGIOREGULAR POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; THERMAL FRACTIONATION; SOLAR-CELLS; THIN-FILMS; CRYSTALLIZATION; POLYMER; POLYDISPERSITY; SCATTERING; PHASE AB We demonstrate a method to determine absolute crystallinity in high molar mass poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), as used in commercially relevant organic photovoltaic devices, using enthalpy of fusion and melting temperature values derived from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and C-13 CPMAS NMR. By studying P3HT with molar masses ranging from 3.6 to 49 kg/mol and using recent work on oligomeric 3-hexylthiophene, we demonstrate several critical items. First, that proper extrapolation to infinite chain lengths, i.e., crystal size, yields values for the equilibrium melting temperature T-m(0) of 272 +/- 6 degrees C and the enthalpy of fusion per crystalline repeat unit Delta H-u of 49 +/- 2 J/g for Form I crystals of P3HT. Second, that a simple correction for crystal size using T-m(0) is critical for determining an accurate degree of crystallinity from enthalpy measurements because of finite crystal size effects. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the ordered fraction of P3HT measured from C-13 NMR is indistinguishable from the DSC-determined crystalline fraction, once crystal size corrections are properly implemented. The connection between crystal size and melting temperature is affirmed by successive self-nucleation and annealing (SSA) measurements, which, when performed as a function of molar mass, allowed us to identify the molar mass at which chain folding occurs in P3HT in the melt, approximate to 11.5 kg/mol. C1 [Snyder, Chad R.; Nieuwendaal, Ryan C.; DeLongchamp, Dean M.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Luscombe, Christine K.; Sista, Prakash; Boyd, Shane D.] Univ Washington, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Snyder, CR (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chad.snyder@nist.gov RI Snyder, Chad/B-4957-2008; OI Snyder, Chad/0000-0002-2916-9809; Luscombe, Christine/0000-0001-7456-1343 FU NSF CAREER Award [DMR 0747489] FX The authors thank L. Richter, R. J. Kline, B. Collins, H. Ro, and C. Soles for valuable discussions. This work was supported by the NSF CAREER Award (DMR 0747489). NR 38 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 9 U2 67 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUN 24 PY 2014 VL 47 IS 12 BP 3942 EP 3950 DI 10.1021/ma500136d PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AK0FX UT WOS:000338089400021 ER PT J AU Zangmeister, CD Radney, JG Dockery, LT Young, JT Ma, XF You, RA Zachariah, MR AF Zangmeister, Christopher D. Radney, James G. Dockery, Lance T. Young, Jessica T. Ma, Xiaofei You, Rian Zachariah, Michael R. TI Packing density of rigid aggregates is independent of scale SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID COMET 103P/HARTLEY 2; CLUSTER-CLUSTER AGGREGATION; PARTICLE-SHAPE; SIMULATIONS; MIXTURES; NUCLEUS; POWDERS; PHYSICS; GROWTH; BODIES AB Large planetary seedlings, comets, microscale pharmaceuticals, and nanoscale soot particles are made from rigid, aggregated subunits that are compacted under low compression into larger structures spanning over 10 orders of magnitude in dimensional space. Here, we demonstrate that the packing density (theta(f)) of compacted rigid aggregates is independent of spatial scale for systems under weak compaction. The theta(f) of rigid aggregated structures across six orders of magnitude were measured using nanoscale spherical soot aerosol composed of aggregates with similar to 17-nm monomeric subunits and aggregates made from uniform monomeric 6-mm spherical subunits at the macroscale. We find theta(f) = 0.36 +/- 0.02 at both dimensions. These values are remarkably similar to theta(f) observed for comet nuclei and measured values of other rigid aggregated systems across a wide variety of spatial and formative conditions. We present a packing model that incorporates the aggregate morphology and show that theta(f) is independent of both monomer and aggregate size. These observations suggest that the theta(f) of rigid aggregates subject to weak compaction forces is independent of spatial dimension across varied formative conditions. C1 [Zangmeister, Christopher D.; Radney, James G.; Dockery, Lance T.; Young, Jessica T.; Ma, Xiaofei; You, Rian; Zachariah, Michael R.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Radney, James G.; Ma, Xiaofei; You, Rian; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zangmeister, CD (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cdzang@nist.gov OI Radney, James/0000-0001-7324-8769 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship FX The authors thank Prof. Salvatore Torquato (Princeton University) for helpful conversations. Funding for this work was provided by a National Institute of Standards and Technology Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 24 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 25 BP 9037 EP 9041 DI 10.1073/pnas.1403768111 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AJ5WJ UT WOS:000337760600023 PM 24927577 ER PT J AU Dong, Y Khabibullin, AR Wei, K Ge, ZH Martin, J Salvador, JR Woods, LM Nolas, GS AF Dong, Yongkwan Khabibullin, Artem R. Wei, Kaya Ge, Zhen-Hua Martin, Joshua Salvador, James R. Woods, Lilia M. Nolas, George S. TI Synthesis, transport properties, and electronic structure of Cu2CdSnTe4 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FILM SOLAR-CELLS; THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; NANOCRYSTALS; CU; CU2ZNSNSE4; SCATTERING; SERIES AB A new stannite phase was synthesized and its temperature dependent transport properties were investigated. Cu2CdSnTe4 possesses strong p-type conduction, while the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity exhibits typical dielectric behavior. Electronic structure calculations allowed for a description of the transport characteristics in terms the energy band structure, density of states, and Fermi surface. The potential for thermoelectric applications is also discussed. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Dong, Yongkwan; Khabibullin, Artem R.; Wei, Kaya; Ge, Zhen-Hua; Woods, Lilia M.; Nolas, George S.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Salvador, James R.] GM R&D Ctr, Chem & Mat Syst Lab, Warren, MI 48090 USA. RP Woods, LM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM lmwoods@usf.edu; gnolas@usf.edu RI Khabibullin, Artem/I-3421-2014; GE, ZHENHUA/L-2040-2013 OI GE, ZHENHUA/0000-0001-8810-5103 FU National Science Foundation; Department of Energy Partnership on Thermoelectric Devices for Vehicle Applications [1048796]; II-VI Foundation; GM; DOE [DE-EE0005432]; National Science Foundation [DMR-1400957] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation and Department of Energy Partnership on Thermoelectric Devices for Vehicle Applications (Grant No. 1048796). K. W. and G.S.N. gratefully acknowledge financial support from the II-VI Foundation. J.R.S. would like to thank GM and the DOE for support under Corporate Agreement No. DE-EE0005432. L. M. W. acknowledges partial support from the National Science Foundation under Contract No. DMR-1400957. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 51 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 23 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 25 AR 252107 DI 10.1063/1.4885121 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AK6CQ UT WOS:000338515900047 ER PT J AU Bednarsek, N Feely, RA Reum, JCP Peterson, B Menkel, J Alin, SR Hales, B AF Bednarsek, N. Feely, R. A. Reum, J. C. P. Peterson, B. Menkel, J. Alin, S. R. Hales, B. TI Limacina helicina shell dissolution as an indicator of declining habitat suitability owing to ocean acidification in the California Current Ecosystem SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE pteropods; ocean acidification; dissolution; aragonite undersaturation; habitat reduction ID JUVENILE PINK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; SATURATION STATE; CURRENT SYSTEM; CARBON; IMPACT; MORTALITY; PTEROPODS; PACIFIC AB Few studies to date have demonstrated widespread biological impacts of ocean acidification (OA) under conditions currently found in the natural environment. From a combined survey of physical and chemical water properties and biological sampling along the Washington-Oregon-California coast in August 2011, we show that large portions of the shelf waters are corrosive to pteropods in the natural environment. We show a strong positive correlation between the proportion of pteropod individuals with severe shell dissolution damage and the percentage of undersaturated water in the top 100 m with respect to aragonite. We found 53% of onshore individuals and 24% of offshore individuals on average to have severe dissolution damage. Relative to pre-industrial CO2 concentrations, the extent of undersaturated waters in the top 100 m of the water column has increased over sixfold along the California Current Ecosystem (CCE). We estimate that the incidence of severe pteropod shell dissolution owing to anthropogenic OA has doubled in near shore habitats since pre-industrial conditions across this region and is on track to triple by 2050. These results demonstrate that habitat suitability for pteropods in the coastal CCE is declining. The observed impacts represent a baseline for future observations towards understanding broader scale OA effects. C1 [Bednarsek, N.; Feely, R. A.; Alin, S. R.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Reum, J. C. P.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Peterson, B.] NOAA, NMFS, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Menkel, J.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Hales, B.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bednarsek, N (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM nina.bednarsek@noaa.gov FU NOAA Ocean Acidification Program; Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory FX This research was supported by the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program and the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. NR 59 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 9 U2 101 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUN 22 PY 2014 VL 281 IS 1785 AR 20140123 DI 10.1098/rspb.2014.0123 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AH0LT UT WOS:000335812100011 PM 24789895 ER PT J AU Schunter, C Pascual, M Garza, JC Raventos, N Macpherson, E AF Schunter, C. Pascual, M. Garza, J. C. Raventos, N. Macpherson, E. TI Kinship analyses identify fish dispersal events on a temperate coastline SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE parentage analysis; connectivity; dispersal; self-recruitment; sibship; Tripterygion delaisi ID CORAL-REEF FISH; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; SELF-RECRUITMENT; SIBSHIP RECONSTRUCTION; TRIPTERYGION-TRIPTERONOTUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; LARVAL DURATION AB Connectivity is crucial for the persistence and resilience of marine species, the establishment of networks of marine protected areas and the delineation of fishery management units. In the marine environment, understanding connectivity is still a major challenge, due to the technical difficulties of tracking larvae. Recently, parentage analysis has provided a means to address this question effectively. To be effective, this method requires limited adult movement and extensive sampling of parents, which is often not possible for marine species. An alternative approach that is less sensitive to constraints in parental movement and sampling could be the reconstruction of sibships. Here, we directly measure connectivity and larval dispersal in a temperate marine ecosystem through both analytical approaches. We use data from 178 single nucleotide polymorphism markers to perform parentage and sibship reconstruction of the black-faced blenny (Tripterygion delaisi) from an open coastline in the Mediterranean Sea. Parentage analysis revealed a decrease in dispersal success in the focal area over 1 km distance and approximately 6.5% of the juveniles were identified as self-recruits. Sibship reconstruction analysis found that, in general, full siblings did not recruit together to the same location, and that the largest distance between recruitment locations was much higher (11.5 km) than found for parent-offspring pairs (1.2 km). Direct measurements of dispersal are essential to understanding connectivity patterns in different marine habitats, and show the degree of self-replenishment and sustainability of populations of marine organisms. We demonstrate that sibship reconstruction allows direct measurements of dispersal and family structure in marine species while being more easily applied in those species for which the collection of the parental population is difficult or unfeasible. C1 [Schunter, C.; Raventos, N.; Macpherson, E.] CSIC, CEAB, Blanes 17300, Girona, Spain. [Schunter, C.; Pascual, M.] Univ Barcelona, Dept Genet, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Schunter, C.; Pascual, M.] Univ Barcelona, IRBio, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Garza, J. C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Garza, J. C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Schunter, C (reprint author), CSIC, CEAB, Car Acc Cala St Francesc 14, Blanes 17300, Girona, Spain. EM celiaschunter@gmail.com RI Pascual, Marta/M-7626-2015; Schunter, Celia/F-2507-2016 OI Pascual, Marta/0000-0002-6189-0612; Schunter, Celia/0000-0003-3620-2731 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [CTM2010-22218-C02-01-02, BIOCON 08-187?09]; Generalitat de Catalunya [2009SGR-636, 2009SGR-665]; JAE-Predoctoral Fellowship FX This work was partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the BENTHOMICS (CTM2010-22218-C02-01-02) projects and the FBBVA project (BIOCON 08-187?09). The authors C.S., M.P. and E.M. are part of the research group 2009SGR-636 and 2009SGR-665 of the Generalitat de Catalunya, and C.S. was funded by a JAE-Predoctoral Fellowship. NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 53 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUN 22 PY 2014 VL 281 IS 1785 AR 20140556 DI 10.1098/rspb.2014.0556 PG 7 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AH0LT UT WOS:000335812100031 PM 24812064 ER PT J AU Lo, ST Liu, FH Hsu, CS Chuang, C Huang, LI Fukuyama, Y Yang, YF Elmquist, RE Liang, CT AF Lo, Shun-Tsung Liu, Fan-Hung Hsu, Chang-Shun Chuang, Chiashain Huang, Lung-I Fukuyama, Yasuhiro Yang, Yanfei Elmquist, Randolph E. Liang, Chi-Te TI Localization and electron-electron interactions in few-layer epitaxial graphene SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE graphene; interactions; localization ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; 2 DIMENSIONS; QUANTUM; GAS; PHASE AB This paper presents a study of the quantum corrections caused by electron-electron interactions and localization to the conductivity in few-layer epitaxial graphene, in which the carriers responsible for transport are massive. The results demonstrate that the diffusive model, which can generally provide good insights into the magnetotransport of two-dimensional systems in conventional semiconductor structures, is applicable to few-layer epitaxial graphene when the unique properties of graphene on the substrate, such as intervalley scattering, are taken into account. It is suggested that magnetic-field-dependent electron-electron interactions and Kondo physics are required for obtaining a thorough understanding of magnetotransport in few-layer epitaxial graphene. C1 [Lo, Shun-Tsung; Liu, Fan-Hung; Hsu, Chang-Shun; Liang, Chi-Te] Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Appl Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Chuang, Chiashain; Huang, Lung-I; Liang, Chi-Te] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Fukuyama, Yasuhiro] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Yang, Yanfei; Elmquist, Randolph E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lo, ST (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Appl Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM ctliang@phys.ntu.edu.tw RI Liang, Chi-Te/A-3902-2009 OI Liang, Chi-Te/0000-0003-4435-5949 FU National Science Council (NSC), Taiwan; National Taiwan University [103R890932, 103R7552-2] FX This work was funded by the National Science Council (NSC), Taiwan, and National Taiwan University (grant no.: 103R890932 and 103R7552-2). NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 26 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JUN 20 PY 2014 VL 25 IS 24 AR 245201 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/25/24/245201 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AI8NE UT WOS:000337173600004 ER PT J AU Stan, G Gates, RS AF Stan, Gheorghe Gates, Richard S. TI Intermittent contact resonance atomic force microscopy SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE intermittent contact resonance; atomic force microscopy; nanoscale contact mechanics ID ADHESIVE CONTACT; ELASTIC-MODULUS; THIN-FILMS; MODE; SURFACE; FREQUENCY; CANTILEVERS; EXCITATION; RESOLUTION; NANOWIRES AB The intermittent contact resonance atomic force microscopy (ICR-AFM) mode proposed here is a new frequency modulation technique performed in scanning force controlled AFM modes like force volume or peak force tapping. It consists of tracking the change in the resonance frequency of an eigenmode of a driven AFM cantilever during scanning as the AFM probe intermittently contacts a surface at a controlled applied maximum force (setpoint). A high speed data capture was used during individual oscillations to obtain detailed contact stiffness-force curve measurements on a two-phase polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) film with sub-micrometer size domains. Through a suitable normalization, the measurements were analyzed by linear fits to provide an improved quantitative characterization of these materials in terms of their elastic moduli and adhesive properties. C1 [Stan, Gheorghe; Gates, Richard S.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stan, G (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gheorghe.stan@nist.gov NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 33 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JUN 20 PY 2014 VL 25 IS 24 AR 245702 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/25/24/245702 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AI8NE UT WOS:000337173600011 PM 24858092 ER PT J AU Immerman, DA Goetz, FW AF Immerman, Douglas A. Goetz, Frederick W. TI The activation and cryopreservation of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) sperm SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Cryopreservation; Sablefish; Sperm; Marine teleost; Sperm activation; CASA ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; FRESH-WATER TELEOSTS; SEA-URCHIN SPERM; SCOPHTHALMUS-MAXIMUS; MARINE FISH; MOTILITY; SPERMATOZOA; EGGS; CHEMOTAXIS; OSMOLALITY AB Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) is a deep-water marine species in the Pacific Ocean with a high commercial value. Limited information is available about male reproductive development and sperm physiology in sablefish or how to optimize fertilization and sperm storage in this species for aquaculture. In the present study the conditions required for sablefish sperm activation were investigated and an optimized regime for cryopreservation of sablefish sperm was developed. In all experiments, the assessment of sablefish sperm was conducted using a computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system that determined the velocity and linearity of motile sperm as well as the percent motile. A modified Cortland's solution was used as an extender in all activation and cryopreservation tests. Sperm were activated with ionic (NaCl, KCl, MgSO4 and CaCl2) and non-ionic (urea and glucose) solutions of varying osmolalities. KCl and NaCl activated sperm at the lowest osmolalities, followed by MgSO4, urea, glucose, and CaCl2. Compared to NaCl and KCl, non-ionic solutions required higher osmolalities for activation. The results indicate that the primary stimulus for sablefish sperm activation is increased osmolality and not the presence/absence of a specific ion. The effects of several cryoprotectants including dimethyl sulfoxide, propylene glycol and glycerol at two concentrations (5% and 10%) and three freezing rates (- 2.5, - 5 and - 7.5 degrees C/min) were tested on the cryopreservation of sperm using a Crysalys cryogenic programmable freezing system. There were differences observed in the motility maintained following freezing between all cryoprotectants, but the highest motility after freezing was observed with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide at all freezing rates. Sperm, cryopreserved with 10% DMSO, fertilized eggs but at rates lower than with fresh milt. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Immerman, Douglas A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Goetz, Frederick W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA,Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98366 USA. RP Goetz, FW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA,Manchester Res Stn, 7305 E Beach Dr, Manchester, WA 98366 USA. EM Immerd@uw.edu; Rick.Goetz@NOAA.gov FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement [NA10OAR4320148, 2230] FX This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, Contribution No. 2230. The authors would like to thank Ken Massee, Tom Wade, Matt Cook, Cort Jensen and Sean Oden for their help in collecting and maintaining the sablefish and milt used for these studies; Charles Muller for advice and guidance on sperm motility and cryopreservation; and Loveday Conquest for advice and guidance on statistical interpretations. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JUN 20 PY 2014 VL 430 BP 211 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.04.010 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI0UG UT WOS:000336564900029 ER PT J AU Ade, PAR Aikin, RW Barkats, D Benton, SJ Bischoff, CA Bock, JJ Brevik, JA Buder, I Bullock, E Dowell, CD Duband, L Filippini, JP Fliescher, S Golwala, SR Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Hildebrandt, SR Hilton, GC Hristov, VV Irwin, KD Karkare, KS Kaufman, JP Keating, BG Kernasovskiy, SA Kovac, JM Kuo, CL Leitch, EM Lueker, M Mason, P Netterfield, CB Nguyen, HT O'Brient, R Ogburn, RW Orlando, A Pryke, C Reintsema, CD Richter, S Schwarz, R Sheehy, CD Staniszewski, ZK Sudiwala, RV Teply, GP Tolan, JE Turner, AD Vieregg, AG Wong, CL Yoon, KW AF Ade, P. A. R. Aikin, R. W. Barkats, D. Benton, S. J. Bischoff, C. A. Bock, J. J. Brevik, J. A. Buder, I. Bullock, E. Dowell, C. D. Duband, L. Filippini, J. P. Fliescher, S. Golwala, S. R. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, M. Hildebrandt, S. R. Hilton, G. C. Hristov, V. V. Irwin, K. D. Karkare, K. S. Kaufman, J. P. Keating, B. G. Kernasovskiy, S. A. Kovac, J. M. Kuo, C. L. Leitch, E. M. Lueker, M. Mason, P. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, H. T. O'Brient, R. Ogburn, R. W. Orlando, A. Pryke, C. Reintsema, C. D. Richter, S. Schwarz, R. Sheehy, C. D. Staniszewski, Z. K. Sudiwala, R. V. Teply, G. P. Tolan, J. E. Turner, A. D. Vieregg, A. G. Wong, C. L. Yoon, K. W. CA BICEP2 Collaboration TI Detection of B-Mode Polarization at Degree Angular Scales by BICEP2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND POLARIZATION; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE SCENARIO; SPT-SZ SURVEY; POWER SPECTRA; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; PHASE-TRANSITION; CMB POLARIMETRY; GRAVITY-WAVES; ANISOTROPY AB We report results from the BICEP2 experiment, a cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarimeter specifically designed to search for the signal of inflationary gravitational waves in the B-mode power spectrum around l similar to 80. The telescope comprised a 26 cm aperture all-cold refracting optical system equipped with a focal plane of 512 antenna coupled transition edge sensor 150 GHz bolometers each with temperature sensitivity of approximate to 300 mu K-CMB root s. BICEP2 observed from the South Pole for three seasons from 2010 to 2012. A low-foreground region of sky with an effective area of 380 square deg was observed to a depth of 87 nK deg in Stokes Q and U. In this paper we describe the observations, data reduction, maps, simulations, and results. We find an excess of B-mode power over the base lensed-ACDM expectation in the range 30 < l < 150, inconsistent with the null hypothesis at a significance of > 5 sigma. Through jackknife tests and simulations based on detailed calibration measurements we show that systematic contamination is much smaller than the observed excess. Cross correlating against WMAP 23 GHz maps we find that Galactic synchrotron makes a negligible contribution to the observed signal. We also examine a number of available models of polarized dust emission and find that at their default parameter values they predict power similar to(5-10)x smaller than the observed excess signal (with no significant cross-correlation with our maps). However, these models are not sufficiently constrained by external public data to exclude the possibility of dust emission bright enough to explain the entire excess signal. Cross correlating BICEP2 against 100 GHz maps from the BICEP1 experiment, the excess signal is confirmed with 3 sigma significance and its spectral index is found to be consistent with that of the CMB, disfavoring dust at 1.7 sigma. The observed B-mode power spectrum is well fit by a lensed-ACDM + tensor theoretical model with tensor-to-scalar ratio r = 0.20(-0.05)(+0.07), with r = 0 disfavored at 7.0 sigma. Accounting for the contribution of foreground, dust will shift this value downward by an amount which will be better constrained with upcoming data sets. C1 [Ade, P. A. R.; Sudiwala, R. V.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Aikin, R. W.; Bock, J. J.; Brevik, J. A.; Filippini, J. P.; Golwala, S. R.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Hristov, V. V.; Lueker, M.; Mason, P.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Teply, G. P.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Barkats, D.] Joint ALMA Observ, Santiago, Chile. [Benton, S. J.; Netterfield, C. B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Bischoff, C. A.; Buder, I.; Karkare, K. S.; Kovac, J. M.; Richter, S.; Vieregg, A. G.; Wong, C. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bock, J. J.; Dowell, C. D.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Nguyen, H. T.; O'Brient, R.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Turner, A. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bullock, E.; Pryke, C.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Duband, L.] CEA, Serv Basses Temp, F-38054 Grenoble, France. [Fliescher, S.; Pryke, C.; Schwarz, R.; Sheehy, C. D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Halpern, M.; Hasselfield, M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Reintsema, C. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Irwin, K. D.; Kernasovskiy, S. A.; Kuo, C. L.; Ogburn, R. W.; Tolan, J. E.; Yoon, K. W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Irwin, K. D.; Kuo, C. L.; Ogburn, R. W.; Yoon, K. W.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kaufman, J. P.; Keating, B. G.; Orlando, A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Leitch, E. M.; Orlando, A.; Sheehy, C. D.; Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Netterfield, C. B.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. RP Ade, PAR (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. EM jmkovac@cfa.harvard.edu; pryke@physics.umn.edu OI Orlando, Angiola/0000-0001-8004-5054; Karkare, Kirit/0000-0002-5215-6993; Barkats, Denis/0000-0002-8971-1954 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [ANT-0742818, ANT-1044978, ANT-0742592, ANT-1110087]; NASA APRA [06-ARPA206-0040, 10-SAT10-0017]; SAT programs; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation at Caltech; Canada Foundation for Innovation grant; W. M. Keck Foundation; FAS Science Division Research Computing Group at Harvard University; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science FX BICEP2 was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grants No. ANT-0742818 and No. ANT-1044978 (Caltech and Harvard) and ANT-0742592 and ANT-1110087 (Chicago and Minnesota). The development of antenna-coupled detector technology was supported by the JPL Research and Technology Development Fund and Grants No. 06-ARPA206-0040 and No. 10-SAT10-0017 from the NASA APRA and SAT programs. The development and testing of focal planes were supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation at Caltech. Readout electronics were supported by a Canada Foundation for Innovation grant to UBC. The receiver development was supported in part by a grant from the W. M. Keck Foundation. The computations in this paper were run on the Odyssey cluster supported by the FAS Science Division Research Computing Group at Harvard University. The analysis effort at Stanford and SLAC is partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. Tireless administrative support was provided by Irene Coyle and Kathy Deniston. We thank the staff of the U.S. Antarctic Program and in particular the South Pole Station without whose help this research would not have been possible. We thank all those who have contributed past efforts to the BICEP-Keck Array series of experiments, including the BICEP1 and Keck Array teams. We thank all those in the astrophysics community who have contributed feedback on the public preprint of this paper, and particularly two anonymous referees for their detailed and constructive recommendations. This work would not have been possible without the late Andrew Lange, whom we sorely miss. NR 103 TC 793 Z9 794 U1 11 U2 82 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 19 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 24 AR 241101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.241101 PG 25 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AO0MN UT WOS:000341003800002 PM 24996078 ER PT J AU Beers, KM Yakovlev, S Jackson, A Wang, X Hexemer, A Downing, KH Balsara, NP AF Beers, Keith M. Yakovlev, Sergey Jackson, Andrew Wang, Xin Hexemer, Alexander Downing, Kenneth H. Balsara, Nitash P. TI Absence of Schroeder's Paradox in a Nanostructured Block Copolymer Electrolyte Membrane SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID HUMID AIR; CONDUCTIVITY; NAFION; EQUILIBRIUM; TRANSITIONS; DISORDER; CELLS; MODEL AB This is a study of morphology, water uptake, and proton conductivity of a sulfonated polystyrene-block-polyethylene (PSS-PE) copolymer equilibrated in humid air with controlled relative humidity (RH), and in liquid water. Extrapolation of the domain size, water uptake, and conductivity obtained in humid air to RH = 100% allowed for an accurate comparison between the properties of PSS-PE hydrated in saturated vapor and in liquid water. We demonstrate that extrapolations of domain size and water uptake on samples equilibrated in humid air are consistent with measurements on samples equilibrated in liquid water. Small (5%) differences in proton conductivity were found in samples equilibrated in humid air and liquid water. We argue that differences in transport coefficients in disordered heterogeneous systems, particularly small differences, present no paradox whatsoever. Schroeder's Paradox, wherein properties of polymers measured in saturated water vapor are different from those obtained in liquid water, is thus not observed in the PSS-PE sample. C1 [Beers, Keith M.] Exponent, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Beers, Keith M.; Yakovlev, Sergey; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jackson, Andrew; Wang, Xin; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hexemer, Alexander] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Downing, Kenneth H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Life Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Beers, Keith M.; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jackson, Andrew] European Spallat Source ESS AB, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Jackson, Andrew] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DC 19716 USA. [Jackson, Andrew] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Balsara, NP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nbalsara@berkeley.edu RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008 OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy FX Primary funding for the work was provided by the Electron Microscopy of Soft Matter Program from the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. SAXS experiments were performed at the Advanced Light Source (ALS). The ALS is a DOE national user facility and is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under the same contract. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, materials, suppliers, and software are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 19 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 24 SI SI BP 6785 EP 6791 DI 10.1021/jp501374r PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AJ6FC UT WOS:000337784100046 PM 24842682 ER PT J AU Faraone, A Fratini, E Garai, S Muller, A Tyagi, M Jenkins, T Mamontov, E Paul, RL Copley, JRD Baglioni, P AF Faraone, Antonio Fratini, Emiliano Garai, Somenath Mueller, Achim Tyagi, Madhusudan Jenkins, Timothy Mamontov, Eugene Paul, Rick L. Copley, John R. D. Baglioni, Piero TI Incoherent Quasielastic Neutron Scattering Study of the Relaxation Dynamics in Molybdenum-Oxide Keplerate-Type Nanocages SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID METHYL-GROUP DYNAMICS; HYDRATION WATER DYNAMICS; SINGLE-PARTICLE DYNAMICS; HYDROGEN-BONDED LIQUIDS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SUPERCOOLED WATER; MESOSCOPIC CONFINEMENT; ENCAPSULATED WATER; DIFFUSIVE MOTIONS; INTERNAL DYNAMICS AB The single-particle relaxation dynamics of hydrogen atoms in different oxomolybdate Keplerate-type nanocages characterized by a (metal)(30) icosahedron and a size of approximate to 2.5 nm were studied using incoherent quasielastic neutron scattering. Measurements were performed on a compound with a {Mo72Cr30} nanocage containing internal acetate ligands and a sodium cation coordinated to 12 water molecules. Because of the presence of the methyl groups of the acetate ligands, the related cavity is mostly hydrophobic and represents an interesting model system for investigating the properties of water molecules under confined conditions in contact with hydrophobic surfaces. The single-particle dynamics of both the methyl groups and the water molecules inside the cavity were studied and characterized to. be thermally activated processes. The volume explored by the hydrogen atoms during their motions was also determined. Elastic scan measurements of the {Mo72Cr30} cage, in comparison with the {Mo72V30} cage, which has the same skeletal structure as {Mo72Cr30} but a hydrophilic interior, have allowed an investigation into the vibrational dynamics of the cages themselves and the determination of the effect of the cage polarity. C1 [Faraone, Antonio; Tyagi, Madhusudan; Jenkins, Timothy; Copley, John R. D.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Faraone, Antonio; Tyagi, Madhusudan] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fratini, Emiliano; Baglioni, Piero] Univ Florence, Dept Chem Ugo Schiff, I-50019 Florence, Italy. [Fratini, Emiliano; Baglioni, Piero] Univ Florence, CSGI, I-50019 Florence, Italy. [Garai, Somenath; Mueller, Achim] Univ Bielefeld, Fak Chem, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. [Paul, Rick L.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jenkins, Timothy] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 21005 USA. [Mamontov, Eugene] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Faraone, A (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM antonio.faraone@nist.gov; piero.baglioni@unifi.it RI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015; Baglioni, Piero/B-1208-2011; OI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675; Baglioni, Piero/0000-0003-1312-8700; Muller, Achim/0000-0003-0117-4021 FU ERC (Brussels); National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, CSGI; Minister dell'Istruzione, Universita e della Ricerca Scientifica, MiUR FX We thank Dr. A.M. Todea for initial experiments. The authors are indebted to Dr. R. Bindel for performing some of the PGAA measurements. A.M. thanks the ERC (Brussels) for an Advanced Grant. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. The neutron scattering experiments at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL) Spallation Neutron Source were supported by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). E.F. and P.B. acknowledge financial support from Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, CSGI, and Minister dell'Istruzione, Universita e della Ricerca Scientifica, MiUR. NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUN 19 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 24 BP 13300 EP 13312 DI 10.1021/jp504547z PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AJ6FA UT WOS:000337783900078 ER PT J AU Kotler, S Akerman, N Navon, N Glickman, Y Ozeri, R AF Kotler, Shlomi Akerman, Nitzan Navon, Nir Glickman, Yinnon Ozeri, Roee TI Measurement of the magnetic interaction between two bound electrons of two separate ions SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED IONS; SPIN; ENTANGLEMENT; STATES; FORCE AB Electrons have an intrinsic, indivisible, magnetic dipole aligned with their internal angular momentum (spin). The magnetic interaction between two electronic spins can therefore impose a change in their orientation. Similar dipolar magnetic interactions exist between other spin systems and have been studied experimentally. Examples include the interaction between an electron and its nucleus and the interaction between several multi-electron spin complexes(1-5). The challenge in observing such interactions for two electrons is twofold. First, at the atomic scale, where the coupling is relatively large, it is often dominated by the much larger Coulomb exchange counterpart(1). Second, on scales that are substantially larger than the atomic, the magnetic coupling is very weak and can be well below the ambient magnetic noise. Here we report the measurement of the magnetic interaction between the two ground-state spin-1/2 valence electrons of two Sr-88(+) ions, cotrapped in an electric Paul trap. We varied the ion separation, d, between 2.18 and 2.76 micrometres and measured the electrons' weak, millihertz-scale, magnetic interaction as a function of distance, in the presence of magnetic noise that was six orders of magnitude larger than the magnetic fields the electrons apply on each other. The cooperative spin dynamics was kept coherent for 15 seconds, during which spin entanglement was generated, as verified by a negative measured value of -0.16 for the swap entanglement witness. The sensitivity necessary for this measurement was provided by restricting the spin evolution to a decoherence-free subspace that is immune to collective magnetic field noise. Our measurements show a d(-3.0(4)) distance dependence for the coupling, consistent with the inverse-cube law. C1 [Kotler, Shlomi; Akerman, Nitzan; Navon, Nir; Glickman, Yinnon; Ozeri, Roee] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Phys Complex Syst, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Kotler, S (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM shlomi.kotler@weizmann.ac.il RI Kotler, Shlomi/I-4393-2014 OI Kotler, Shlomi/0000-0002-0191-5777 FU Israeli Science Foundation; Crown Photonics Center; German-Israeli Science Foundation FX We thank J. Avron for discussions on the entanglement witness. We acknowledge support by the Israeli Science Foundation, the Crown Photonics Center, the German-Israeli Science Foundation and M. Kushner Schnur, Mexico. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 30 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 19 PY 2014 VL 510 IS 7505 BP 376 EP 380 DI 10.1038/nature13403 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AJ0NG UT WOS:000337350200030 PM 24943952 ER PT J AU Cros, A Fatan, NA White, A Teoh, SJ Tan, S Handayani, C Huang, C Peterson, N Li, RV Siry, HY Fitriana, R Gove, J Acoba, T Knight, M Acosta, R Andrew, N Beare, D AF Cros, Annick Fatan, Nurulhuda Ahamad White, Alan Teoh, Shwu Jiau Tan, Stanley Handayani, Christian Huang, Charles Peterson, Nate Li, Ruben Venegas Siry, Hendra Yusran Fitriana, Ria Gove, Jamison Acoba, Tomoko Knight, Maurice Acosta, Renerio Andrew, Neil Beare, Doug TI The Coral Triangle Atlas: An Integrated Online Spatial Database System for Improving Coral Reef Management SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; IMPACTS AB In this paper we describe the construction of an online GIS database system, hosted by WorldFish, which stores bio-physical, ecological and socio-economic data for the 'Coral Triangle Area' in South-east Asia and the Pacific. The database has been built in partnership with all six (Timor-Leste, Malaysia, Indonesia, The Philippines, Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea) of the Coral Triangle countries, and represents a valuable source of information for natural resource managers at the regional scale. Its utility is demonstrated using biophysical data, data summarising marine habitats, and data describing the extent of marine protected areas in the region. C1 [Cros, Annick; White, Alan] Nature Conservancy, Indo Pacific Div, Honolulu, HI USA. [Fatan, Nurulhuda Ahamad; Teoh, Shwu Jiau; Tan, Stanley; Li, Ruben Venegas; Andrew, Neil; Beare, Doug] Nat Resources Management, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia. [Handayani, Christian] Coral Triangle Program, WWF Indonesia, South Jakarta, Indonesia. [Huang, Charles] Coral Triangle Program, WWF United States, Washington, DC USA. [Peterson, Nate] Nature Conservancy, Indo Pacific Div, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Siry, Hendra Yusran] Coral Triangle Initiat Coral Reefs & Food Secur, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Fitriana, Ria] Coral Triangle Ctr, Bali, Indonesia. [Gove, Jamison; Acoba, Tomoko] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI USA. [Knight, Maurice] Coral Triangle Support Partnership, WWF Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Acosta, Renerio] United States Agcy Int Dev Reg Dev Mission Asia, Reg Environm Off, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Beare, D (reprint author), Nat Resources Management, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia. EM dbeare@cgiar.org RI Venegas Li, Ruben/G-6560-2016 OI Venegas Li, Ruben/0000-0003-2085-8269 FU U.S. Government; CGIAR FX The CT Atlas (http://ctatlas.reefbase.org) was developed as a partnership between WorldFish, The Nature Conservancy (TNC), World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The design and development of the CT Atlas was supported primarily by the U.S. Government through the 5-year (2009-2013) Coral Triangle Support Partnership (CTSP) in cooperation with other implementing partners of the US Coral Triangle Support Program (USCTI). The production of the current manuscript was also supported by the CGIAR Research Programs on: Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS); and Aquatic Agricultural Systems (AAS). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 31 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 18 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 6 AR e96332 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0096332 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AK6AC UT WOS:000338508200001 PM 24941442 ER PT J AU Halpern, BS Longo, C Scarborough, C Hardy, D Best, BD Doney, SC Katona, SK McLeod, KL Rosenberg, AA Samhouri, JF AF Halpern, Benjamin S. Longo, Catherine Scarborough, Courtney Hardy, Darren Best, Benjamin D. Doney, Scott C. Katona, Steven K. McLeod, Karen L. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Samhouri, Jameal F. TI Assessing the Health of the US West Coast with a Regional-Scale Application of the Ocean Health Index SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL OCEAN; CONSERVATION; POLICY AB Management of marine ecosystems increasingly demands comprehensive and quantitative assessments of ocean health, but lacks a tool to do so. We applied the recently developed Ocean Health Index to assess ocean health in the relatively data-rich US west coast region. The overall region scored 71 out of 100, with sub-regions scoring from 65 (Washington) to 74 (Oregon). Highest scoring goals included tourism and recreation (99) and clean waters (87), while the lowest scoring goals were sense of place (48) and artisanal fishing opportunities (57). Surprisingly, even in this well-studied area data limitations precluded robust assessments of past trends in overall ocean health. Nonetheless, retrospective calculation of current status showed that many goals have declined, by up to 20%. In contrast, near-term future scores were on average 6% greater than current status across all goals and sub-regions. Application of hypothetical but realistic management scenarios illustrate how the Index can be used to predict and understand the tradeoffs among goals and consequences for overall ocean health. We illustrate and discuss how this index can be used to vet underlying assumptions and decisions with local stakeholders and decision-makers so that scores reflect regional knowledge, priorities and values. We also highlight the importance of ongoing and future monitoring that will provide robust data relevant to ocean health assessment. C1 [Halpern, Benjamin S.; Longo, Catherine; Scarborough, Courtney; Hardy, Darren; Best, Benjamin D.] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Halpern, Benjamin S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Halpern, Benjamin S.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ascot, Berks, England. [Doney, Scott C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Katona, Steven K.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [McLeod, Karen L.] Oregon State Univ, COMPASS, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Union Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA USA. [Samhouri, Jameal F.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hardy, Darren] Stanford Univ, Digital Lib Syst & Serv, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Halpern, BS (reprint author), Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM halpern@bren.ucsb.edu RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010 OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437 FU Pacific Life Foundation; Thomas W. Haas Fund of the New Hampshire Charitable Foundation; Oak Foundation; Akiko Shiraki Dynner Fund for Ocean Exploration and Conservation; Darden Restaurants Inc. Foundation; Conservation International; New England Aquarium; National Geographic; University of California Santa Barbara's National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; Ecosystem Health Working Group as part of the Science of Ecosystem-Based Management project - David and Lucile Packard Foundation; U.S. National Science Foundation FX Beau and Heather Wrigley generously provided the founding grant. Additional financial and in-kind support was provided by the Pacific Life Foundation, Thomas W. Haas Fund of the New Hampshire Charitable Foundation, the Oak Foundation, Akiko Shiraki Dynner Fund for Ocean Exploration and Conservation, Darden Restaurants Inc. Foundation, Conservation International, New England Aquarium, National Geographic, and the University of California Santa Barbara's National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, which supported the Ecosystem Health Working Group as part of the Science of Ecosystem-Based Management project funded by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. Individual authors also acknowledge support from the U.S. National Science Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 10 U2 51 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 18 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 6 AR e98995 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0098995 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AK6AC UT WOS:000338508200012 PM 24941007 ER PT J AU Liu, DB Yang, J Wang, HF Wang, ZL Huang, XL Wang, ZT Niu, G Walker, ARH Chen, XY AF Liu, Dingbin Yang, Jie Wang, He-Fang Wang, Zhongliang Huang, Xinglu Wang, Zhantong Niu, Gang Walker, A. R. Hight Chen, Xiaoyuan TI Glucose Oxidase-Catalyzed Growth of Gold Nanoparticles Enables Quantitative Detection of Attomolar Cancer Biomarkers SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NAKED EYE; ULTRASENSITIVE DETECTION; COLORIMETRIC DETECTION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; PLASMONIC ELISA; PROTEIN; SERUM; READOUT; SYSTEM AB Ultrasensitive and quantitative detection of cancer biomarkers is an unmet challenge because of their ultralow concentrations in clinical samples. Although gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based immunoassays offer high sensitivity, they were unable to quantitatively detect targets of interest most likely due to their very narrow linear ranges. This article describes a quantitative colorimetric immunoassay based on glucose oxidase (GOx)-catalyzed growth of 5 nm AuNPs that can detect cancer biomarkers from attomolar to picomolar levels. In addition, the limit of detection (LOD) of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of this approach (93 aM) exceeds that of commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (6.3 pM) by more than 4 orders of magnitude. The emergence of red or purple color based on enzyme-catalyzed growth of 5 nm AuNPs in the presence of target antigen is particularly suitable for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics in both resource-rich and resource-limited settings. C1 [Liu, Dingbin; Yang, Jie; Wang, He-Fang] Nankai Univ, Coll Chem, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Chem Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Med Chem Biol, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. [Liu, Dingbin; Yang, Jie; Wang, He-Fang] Nankai Univ, Coll Chem, Res Ctr Analyt Sci, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. [Wang, Zhongliang; Huang, Xinglu; Niu, Gang; Chen, Xiaoyuan] NIBIB, Lab Mol Imaging & Nanomed LOMIN, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Wang, Zhantong] Xiamen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, State Key Lab Mol Vaccinol & Mol Diagnost, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. [Wang, Zhongliang] Xiamen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Mol Imaging & Translat Med, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. [Walker, A. R. Hight] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Liu, DB (reprint author), Nankai Univ, Coll Chem, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Chem Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Med Chem Biol, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. EM liudb@nankai.edu.cn; zhongliang.wang@nih.gov; shawn.chen@nih.gov RI Wang, He-Fang/D-7842-2011; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Wang, He-Fang/0000-0003-4127-5038; Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 FU Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (China); Intramural Research Program (IRP) of the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health FX This work was supported in part, by the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (China) and the Intramural Research Program (IRP) of the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health. NR 33 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 29 U2 233 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 17 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 12 BP 5800 EP 5806 DI 10.1021/ac500478g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AJ4JX UT WOS:000337643500032 PM 24896231 ER PT J AU Mager, EM Esbaugh, AJ Stieglitz, JD Hoenig, R Bodinier, C Incardona, JP Scholz, NL Benetti, DD Grosell, M AF Mager, Edward M. Esbaugh, Andrew J. Stieglitz, John D. Hoenig, Ronald Bodinier, Charlotte Incardona, John P. Scholz, Nathaniel L. Benetti, Daniel D. Grosell, Martin TI Acute Embryonic or Juvenile Exposure to Deepwater Horizon Crude Oil Impairs the Swimming Performance of Mahi-Mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; HERRING CLUPEA-PALLASI; ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; RACHYCENTRON CANADUM; FISH EMBRYOS; HEAVY OIL; FLOW-RATE; TOXICITY AB The Deepwater Horizon incident likely resulted in exposure of commercially and ecologically important fish species to crude oil during the sensitive early life stages. We show that brief exposure of a water-accommodated fraction of oil from the spill to mahi-mahi as juveniles, or as embryos/larvae that were then raised for similar to 25 days to juveniles, reduces their swimming performance. These physiological deficits, likely attributable to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), occurred at environmentally realistic exposure concentrations. Specifically, a 48 h exposure of 1.2 +/- 0.6 mu g L-1 Sigma PAHs (geometric mean +/- SEM) to embryos/larvae that were then raised to juvenile stage or a 24 h exposure of 30 +/- 7 mu g L-1 Sigma PAHs (geometric mean +/- SEM) directly to juveniles resulted in 37% and 22% decreases in critical swimming velocities (U-crit), respectively. Oil-exposed larvae from the 48 h exposure showed a 4.5-fold increase in the incidence of pericardial and yolk sac edema relative to controls. However, this larval cardiotoxicity did not manifest in a reduced aerobic scope in the surviving juveniles. Instead, respirometric analyses point to a reduction in swimming efficiency as a potential alternative or contributing mechanism for the observed decreases in U-crit. C1 [Mager, Edward M.; Stieglitz, John D.; Hoenig, Ronald; Bodinier, Charlotte; Benetti, Daniel D.; Grosell, Martin] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Esbaugh, Andrew J.] Univ Texas, Dept Marine Sci, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Incardona, John P.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ecotoxicol Program, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Mager, EM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM emager@rsmas.miami.edu OI Esbaugh, Andrew/0000-0002-7262-4408; Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Anthony Farrell for his insightful review and suggestions for the manuscript, as well as Stratus Consulting for their valuable assistance and feedback, Kathleen Munley and Maria Rodgers for their technical support, and the students and staff at the UMEH for their assistance in the culture of mahi-mahi used in this study. This work was supported by funds provided as part of the Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) for the DWH oil spill. Data presented here are a subset of a larger toxicological database that is being generated as part of the DWH NRDA, therefore, these data will be subject to additional analysis and interpretation, which may include interpretation in the context of additional data not presented here. NR 54 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 6 U2 94 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 17 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 12 BP 7053 EP 7061 DI 10.1021/es501628k PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AJ4KU UT WOS:000337646000064 PM 24857158 ER PT J AU Ferrari, R Jansen, MF Adkins, JF Burke, A Stewart, AL Thompson, AF AF Ferrari, Raffaele Jansen, Malte F. Adkins, Jess F. Burke, Andrea Stewart, Andrew L. Thompson, Andrew F. TI Antarctic sea ice control on ocean circulation in present and glacial climates SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE carbon cycle; ice age; ocean circulation; paleoceanography; Southern Ocean ID WESTERLY WIND CHANGES; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; DEEP-OCEAN; GLOBAL OCEAN; MAXIMUM; PATTERNS; DRIVEN; MODEL AB In the modern climate, the ocean below 2 km is mainly filled by waters sinking into the abyss around Antarctica and in the North Atlantic. Paleoproxies indicate that waters of North Atlantic origin were instead absent below 2 km at the Last Glacial Maximum, resulting in an expansion of the volume occupied by Antarctic origin waters. In this study we show that this rearrangement of deep water masses is dynamically linked to the expansion of summer sea ice around Antarctica. A simple theory further suggests that these deep waters only came to the surface under sea ice, which insulated them from atmospheric forcing, and were weakly mixed with overlying waters, thus being able to store carbon for long times. This unappreciated link between the expansion of sea ice and the appearance of a voluminous and insulated water mass may help quantify the ocean's role in regulating atmospheric carbon dioxide on glacial-interglacial timescales. Previous studies pointed to many independent changes in ocean physics to account for the observed swings in atmospheric carbon dioxide. Here it is shown that many of these changes are dynamically linked and therefore must co-occur. C1 [Ferrari, Raffaele] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Jansen, Malte F.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Adkins, Jess F.; Burke, Andrea; Stewart, Andrew L.; Thompson, Andrew F.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Ferrari, R (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM rferrari@mit.edu RI Ferrari, Raffaele/C-9337-2013; OI Ferrari, Raffaele/0000-0002-3736-1956; Burke, Andrea/0000-0002-3754-1498 FU National Science Foundation; Breene M. Kerr Chair FX L.P. Nadeau helped with figures. All authors acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation. R.F. acknowledges support from the Breene M. Kerr Chair. NR 51 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 8 U2 56 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 17 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 24 BP 8753 EP 8758 DI 10.1073/pnas.1323922111 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AI9XO UT WOS:000337300100024 PM 24889624 ER PT J AU Sergienko, OV Creyts, TT Hindmarsh, RCA AF Sergienko, O. V. Creyts, T. T. Hindmarsh, R. C. A. TI Similarity of organized patterns in driving and basal stresses of Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets beneath extensive areas of basal sliding SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WEST ANTARCTICA; STREAM; FLOW; SURFACE; SYSTEM; BED; VARIABILITY; RESISTANCE; THICKNESS; DYNAMICS AB The rate of ice transport from the interior of ice sheets to their margins, and hence the rate with which it contributes to sea level, is determined by the balance of driving stress, basal resistance, and ice internal deformation. Using recent high-resolution observations of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets, we compute driving stress and ice deformation velocities, inferring basal traction by inverse techniques. The results reveal broad-scale organization in 5-20 km band-like patterns in both the driving and basal shear stresses located in zones with substantial basal sliding. Both ice sheets experience basal sliding over areas substantially larger than previously recognized. The likely cause of the spatial patterns is the development of a band-like structure in the basal shear stress distribution that is the results of pattern-forming instabilities related to subglacial water. The similarity of patterns on the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets suggests that the flow of ice sheets is controlled by the same fundamental processes operating at their base, which control ice sheet sliding and are highly variable on relatively short spatial and temporal scales, with poor predictability. This has far-reaching implications for understanding of the current and projection of the future ice sheets' evolution. C1 [Sergienko, O. V.] Princeton Univ, GFDL, AOS, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Creyts, T. T.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Hindmarsh, R. C. A.] British Antarctic Survey, Sci Programmes, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. RP Sergienko, OV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, GFDL, AOS, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM osergien@princeton.edu RI Hindmarsh, Richard/C-1405-2012 OI Hindmarsh, Richard/0000-0003-1633-2416 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA08OAR4320752, NA13OAR439]; NSF [OPP-1043481]; British Antarctic Survey Polar Science for Planet Earth program FX We thank the Editor and two anonymous referees for thorough reviews, constructive criticisms, and useful suggestions that substantially improved the manuscript. O.V.S. is supported by awards NA08OAR4320752 and NA13OAR439 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the U.S. Department of Commerce. T. T. C. was supported by NSF grant OPP-1043481. R. C. A. H. was funded by the British Antarctic Survey Polar Science for Planet Earth program. The results of this study will be available at NSIDC. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 11 BP 3925 EP 3932 DI 10.1002/2014GL059976 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AL6YP UT WOS:000339280200033 ER PT J AU Vimont, DJ Alexander, MA Newman, M AF Vimont, Daniel J. Alexander, Michael A. Newman, Matthew TI Optimal growth of Central and East Pacific ENSO events SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL FOOTPRINTING MECHANISM; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; ANOMALIES; DYNAMICS AB Central Pacific (CP)-type and Eastern Pacific (EP)-type El Nino and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events are investigated using linear inverse modeling. Optimal initial conditions and growth rates for CP or EP ENSO events are identified explicitly using a CP or EP ENSO norm. The dominant difference in initial conditions that lead to CP and EP ENSO events is the role of the second empirical orthogonal function of tropical sea surface temperature, which represents the Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM). Optimal initial conditions for CP-type ENSO events include warm SST anomalies in the central subtropical Pacific (a characteristic of the PMM) while optimal initial conditions for EP-type ENSO events are focused in the eastern equatorial Pacific and Southern Hemisphere subtropics along about 25 degrees S. Thermocline anomalies differ in initial structures and in their influence on SST for CP and EP events. Results point to different roles of the PMM and thermocline variations in the evolution of CP and EP ENSO events. C1 [Vimont, Daniel J.] Univ Wisconsin, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Dept, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Vimont, Daniel J.] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI USA. [Alexander, Michael A.; Newman, Matthew] NOAA, Phys Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Newman, Matthew] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Vimont, DJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Dept, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dvimont@wisc.edu RI Newman, Matthew /F-8336-2010; Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI Newman, Matthew /0000-0001-5348-2312; Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0005301]; Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation; NOAA/MAPP program FX HadISST data were obtained online from the UK Met Office website at http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadisst/. Simple Ocean Data Assimilation data were obtained online from the SODA/TAMU research group at http://soda.tamu.edu/. Support for D.J.V. was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy grant DE-SC0005301 and the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation. M.N. was supported from the NOAA/MAPP program. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 11 BP 4027 EP 4034 DI 10.1002/2014GL059997 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AL6YP UT WOS:000339280200046 ER PT J AU Li, J Diddams, S Vahala, KJ AF Li, Jiang Diddams, Scott Vahala, Kerry J. TI Pump frequency noise coupling into a microcavity by thermo-optic locking SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CHIP; MICRORESONATOR; RESONATOR; SILICON; CAVITY; LASER AB As thermo-optic locking is widely used to establish a stable frequency detuning between an external laser and a high Q microcavity, it is important to understand how this method affects microcavity temperature and frequency fluctuations. A theoretical analysis of the laser-microcavity frequency fluctuations is presented and used to find the spectral dependence of the suppression of laser-microcavity, relative frequency noise caused by thermo-optic locking. The response function is that of a high-pass filter with a bandwidth and low-frequency suppression that increase with input power. The results are verified using an external-cavity diode laser and a silica disk resonator. The locking of relative frequency fluctuations causes temperature fluctuations within the microcavity that transfer pump frequency noise onto the microcavity modes over the thermal locking bandwidth. This transfer is verified experimentally. These results are important to investigations of noise properties in many nonlinear microcavity experiments in which low-frequency, optical-pump frequency noise must be considered. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Li, Jiang; Vahala, Kerry J.] CALTECH, Thomas J Watson Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Diddams, Scott] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Vahala, KJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Thomas J Watson Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM vahala@caltech.edu RI Li, Jiang/O-5235-2014 FU DARPA ORCHID program; QUASAR program; Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Kavli NanoScience Institute FX This work is supported by the DARPA ORCHID and QUASAR programs. The authors are also grateful for the support from the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and the Kavli NanoScience Institute. J. L. acknowledges the support from the Kavli Nanoscience Institute for a postdoctoral fellowship. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 20 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUN 16 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 12 BP 14559 EP 14567 DI 10.1364/OE.22.014559 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA AJ9PH UT WOS:000338044300049 PM 24977551 ER PT J AU Holloway, CL Gordon, JA Schwarzkopf, A Anderson, DA Miller, SA Thaicharoen, N Raithel, G AF Holloway, Christopher L. Gordon, Joshua A. Schwarzkopf, Andrew Anderson, David A. Miller, Stephanie A. Thaicharoen, Nithiwadee Raithel, Georg TI Sub-wavelength imaging and field mapping via electromagnetically induced transparency and Autler-Townes splitting in Rydberg atoms SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCES AB We present a technique for measuring radio-frequency (RF) electric field strengths with sub-wavelength resolution. We use Rydberg states of rubidium atoms to probe the RF field. The RF field causes an energy splitting of the Rydberg states via the Autler-Townes effect, and we detect the splitting via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We use this technique to measure the electric field distribution inside a glass cylinder with applied RF fields at 17.04 GHz and 104.77 GHz. We achieve a spatial resolution of approximate to 100 mu m, limited by the widths of the laser beams utilized for the EIT spectroscopy. We numerically simulate the fields in the glass cylinder and find good agreement with the measured fields. Our results suggest that this technique could be applied to image fields on a small spatial scale over a large range of frequencies, up into the sub-terahertz regime. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Holloway, Christopher L.; Gordon, Joshua A.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, US Dept Commerce, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schwarzkopf, Andrew; Anderson, David A.; Miller, Stephanie A.; Thaicharoen, Nithiwadee; Raithel, Georg] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, US Dept Commerce, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM holloway@boulder.nist.gov OI Raithel, Georg/0000-0002-2005-8440 FU DARPA's QuASAR program FX This work was partially supported by DARPA's QuASAR program. NR 14 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 16 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 24 AR 244102 DI 10.1063/1.4883635 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AJ7XQ UT WOS:000337915000121 ER PT J AU Levin, I Krayzman, V Tucker, MG Woicik, JC AF Levin, I. Krayzman, V. Tucker, M. G. Woicik, J. C. TI Local structure underlying anomalous tetragonal distortions in BiFeO3-PbTiO3 ferroelectrics SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; PHASE-DIAGRAM; CERAMICS; PIEZOELECTRICS; SYSTEM AB The local structure of tetragonal BiFeO3-PbTiO3 solid solutions featuring anomalous lattice distortions has been determined using simultaneous fitting of neutron total scattering and extended X-ray absorption fine structure data. On the local scale, the large tetragonal distortion, promoted by the displacements of the A-cations (Bi and Pb), is accommodated primarily by the [FeO6] octahedra, even though both Fe and Ti acquire (5+1)-fold coordination. Bi cations exhibit considerably larger displacements than Pb. The combination of the A-cation displacements and the ability of M-cations to adopt 5-fold coordination is suggested as key for stabilizing the large tetragonality in BiMO3PbTiO3 systems. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Levin, I.; Krayzman, V.; Woicik, J. C.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tucker, M. G.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Levin, I (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Tucker, Matt/C-9867-2016 OI Tucker, Matt/0000-0002-2891-7086 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Portions of this research were carried out at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NIST beamline X23A2), Brookhaven National Laboratory, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. We thank the STFC for access to the ISIS facility. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 58 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 16 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 24 AR 242913 DI 10.1063/1.4884946 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AJ7XQ UT WOS:000337915000077 ER PT J AU Werner, WSM Chudzicki, M Smekal, W Powell, CJ AF Werner, Wolfgang S. M. Chudzicki, Maksymillian Smekal, Werner Powell, Cedric J. TI Interpretation of nanoparticle X-ray photoelectron intensities SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MEAN FREE PATHS; SURFACE-ANALYSIS; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; GOLD SURFACES; SPECTROSCOPY; SIMULATION; MONOLAYERS; SCATTERING; SPECTRA; ANGLE AB X-ray photoelectron (XPS) intensities have been simulated for spherical core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) in different geometrical arrangements in order to investigate the validity of commonly made assumptions for the interpretation of XPS NP intensities. The single-sphere approximation is valid for a powder sample when all spatial coordinates of the NP positions are uncorrelated. Correlations along either the depth coordinate or the lateral coordinates lead to features in the angular distribution that provide information on these correlations. The XPS intensity is proportional to the surface-to-volume ratio of nanoparticles but only for NP sizes exceeding the inelastic mean free path of the photoelectrons. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Werner, Wolfgang S. M.; Chudzicki, Maksymillian; Smekal, Werner] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Appl Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Powell, Cedric J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Werner, WSM (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Appl Phys, Wiedner Hauptstr 8-10, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. EM werner@iap.tuwien.ac.at NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 16 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 24 AR 243106 DI 10.1063/1.4884065 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AJ7XQ UT WOS:000337915000083 ER PT J AU Hillger, D Seaman, C Liang, C Miller, S Lindsey, D Kopp, T AF Hillger, Donald Seaman, Curtis Liang, Calvin Miller, Steven Lindsey, Daniel Kopp, Thomas TI Suomi NPP VIIRS Imagery evaluation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE VIIRS; satellite imagery; DNB; NCC; true color; natural color AB The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) combines the best aspects of both civilian and military heritage instrumentation. VIIRS has improved capabilities over its predecessors: a wider swath width and much higher spatial resolution at swath edge. The VIIRS day-night band (DNB) is sensitive to very low levels of visible light and is capable of detecting low clouds, land surface features, and sea ice at night, in addition to light emissions from both man-made and natural sources. Imagery from the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) satellite has been in the checkout process since its launch on 28 October 2011. The ongoing evaluation of VIIRS Imagery helped resolve several imagery-related issues, including missing radiance measurements. In particular, near-constant contrast imagery, derived from the DNB, had a large number of issues to overcome, including numerous missing or blank-fill images and a stray light leakage problem that was only recently resolved via software fixes. In spite of various sensor issues, the VIIRS DNB has added tremendous operational and research value to Suomi NPP. Remarkably, it has been discovered to be sensitive enough to identify clouds even in very low light new moon conditions, using reflected light from the Earth's airglow layer. Impressive examples of the multispectral imaging capabilities are shown to demonstrate its applications for a wide range of operational users. Future members of the Joint Polar Satellite System constellation will also carry and extend the use of VIIRS. Imagery evaluation will continue with these satellites to ensure the quality of imagery for end users. C1 [Hillger, Donald; Lindsey, Daniel] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Seaman, Curtis; Miller, Steven] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Liang, Calvin] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA USA. [Kopp, Thomas] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Hillger, D (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Don.Hillger@NOAA.gov RI Hillger, Donald/F-5592-2010; Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010 OI Hillger, Donald/0000-0001-7297-2640; Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683 FU JPSS Program Office; NOAA/NESDIS/STAR FX The authors would like to thank the following additional members of the VIIRS Imagery and Visualization Team (http://rammb.cira.colostate.edu/projects/npp/) for their contributions: Tom Lee, Stan Kidder, Debra Molenar, Steve Finley, Renate Brummer, Tommy Jasmin, Tom Rink, William Straka III, Chris Elvidge, Jeff Hawkins, Jeremy Solbrig, Kim Richardson, Keith Hutchinson, Steve Mills, Stephanie Weiss, Ryan Williams, and Tim Schmit (GOES Imagery liaison). Funding for this work was provided by the JPSS Program Office and NOAA/NESDIS/STAR. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this article are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 11 BP 6440 EP 6455 DI 10.1002/2013JD021170 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ8RK UT WOS:000337974500011 ER PT J AU Neff, W Compo, GP Ralph, FM Shupe, MD AF Neff, William Compo, Gilbert P. Ralph, F. Martin Shupe, Matthew D. TI Continental heat anomalies and the extreme melting of the Greenland ice surface in 2012 and 1889 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Greenland melting; Atmospheric River; Continental heat wave; Arctic Oscillation; Holocene ID ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; DATA ASSIMILATION; PACIFIC-OCEAN; WEST-COAST; PRECIPITATION; DROUGHT; SHEET; ACCUMULATION; TEMPERATURE; CIRCULATION AB Recent decades have seen increased melting of the Greenland ice sheet. On 11 July 2012, nearly the entire surface of the ice sheet melted; such rare events last occurred in 1889 and, prior to that, during the Medieval Climate Anomaly. Studies of the 2012 event associated the presence of a thin, warm elevated liquid cloud layer with surface temperatures rising above the melting point at Summit Station, some 3212m above sea level. Here we explore other potential factors in July 2012 associated with this unusual melting. These include (1) warm air originating from a record North American heat wave, (2) transitions in the Arctic Oscillation, (3) transport of water vapor via an Atmospheric River over the Atlantic to Greenland, and (4) the presence of warm ocean waters south of Greenland. For the 1889 episode, the Twentieth Century Reanalysis and historical records showed similar factors at work. However, markers of biomass burning were evident in ice cores from 1889 which may reflect another possible factor in these rare events. We suggest that extreme Greenland summer melt episodes, such as those recorded recently and in the late Holocene, could have involved a similar combination of slow climate processes, including prolonged North American droughts/heat waves and North Atlantic warm oceanic temperature anomalies, together with fast processes, such as excursions of the Arctic Oscillation, and transport of warm, humid air in Atmospheric Rivers to Greenland. It is the fast processes that underlie the rarity of such events and influence their predictability. C1 [Neff, William; Compo, Gilbert P.; Shupe, Matthew D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Neff, William; Compo, Gilbert P.; Shupe, Matthew D.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ralph, F. Martin] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Neff, W (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM William.Neff@noaa.gov RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; COMPO, GILBERT/0000-0001-5199-9633 FU US National Science Foundation as part of the Arctic Observing Network (AON) program [ARC-0856773, 0904152, 0856559] FX We are indebted to the anonymous reviewers who stimulated a number of improvements to the manuscript and figures. We are also indebted to Gary Wick for providing the SSMI Imagery, to Cathy Smith for development of Reanalysis and trajectory display tools, to Jeff Whitaker for the 20CR ensemble spread results, to Dustin Swales for access to the CFSR results, and to Don Murray for his development of visualization tools. The Ilulissat daily minimum temperature and precipitation data were provided by H. C. Steen-Larsen, obtained from the archives of the Danish Meteorological Institute. Meteorological observations for Illuissat for 2012 were downloaded from https://weatherspark.com. Support for the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project dataset is provided by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (DOE INCITE) program, and Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office. The ICECAPS field measurements at Summit are supported by the US National Science Foundation under Grants ARC-0856773, 0904152, and 0856559 as part of the Arctic Observing Network (AON) program. NR 42 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 11 BP 6520 EP 6536 DI 10.1002/2014JD021470 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ8RK UT WOS:000337974500016 ER PT J AU Petron, G Karion, A Sweeney, C Miller, BR Montzka, SA Frost, GJ Trainer, M Tans, P Andrews, A Kofler, J Helmig, D Guenther, D Dlugokencky, E Lang, P Newberger, T Wolter, S Hall, B Novelli, P Brewer, A Conley, S Hardesty, M Banta, R White, A Noone, D Wolfe, D Schnell, R AF Petron, Gabrielle Karion, Anna Sweeney, Colm Miller, Benjamin R. Montzka, Stephen A. Frost, Gregory J. Trainer, Michael Tans, Pieter Andrews, Arlyn Kofler, Jonathan Helmig, Detlev Guenther, Douglas Dlugokencky, Ed Lang, Patricia Newberger, Tim Wolter, Sonja Hall, Bradley Novelli, Paul Brewer, Alan Conley, Stephen Hardesty, Mike Banta, Robert White, Allen Noone, David Wolfe, Dan Schnell, Russ TI A new look at methane and nonmethane hydrocarbon emissions from oil and natural gas operations in the Colorado Denver-Julesburg Basin SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Methane; Volatile Organic Compounds; Greenhouse Gas; Emissions; Aircraft Measurements; Oil and Natural Gas ID UNITED-STATES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; GREENHOUSE-GAS; TRACER METHODS; CATTLE; FRONT; CALIFORNIA; SYSTEMS; MANURE; SITES AB Emissions of methane (CH4) from oil and natural gas (O&G) operations in the most densely drilled area of the Denver-Julesburg Basin in Weld County located in northeastern Colorado are estimated for 2days in May 2012 using aircraft-based CH4 observations and planetary boundary layer height and ground-based wind profile measurements. Total top-down CH4 emission estimates are 25.8 +/- 8.4 and 26.2 +/- 10.7 t CH4/h for the 29 and 31 May flights, respectively. Using inventory data, we estimate the total emissions of CH4 from non-O&G gas-related sources at 7.1 +/- 1.7 and 6.3 +/- 1.0 t CH4/h for these 2days. The difference in emissions is attributed to O&G sources in the study region, and their total emission is on average 19.3 +/- 6.9 t/h, close to 3 times higher than an hourly emission estimate based on Environmental Protection Agency's Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program data for 2012. We derive top-down emissions estimates for propane, n-butane, i-pentane, n-pentane, and benzene from our total top-down CH4 emission estimate and the relative hydrocarbon abundances in aircraft-based discrete air samples. Emissions for these five nonmethane hydrocarbons alone total 25.4 +/- 8.2 t/h. Assuming that these emissions are solely originating from O&G-related activities in the study region, our results show that the state inventory for total volatile organic compounds emitted by O&G activities is at least a factor of 2 too low for May 2012. Our top-down emission estimate of benzene emissions from O&G operations is 173 +/- 64 kg/h, or 7 times larger than in the state inventory. C1 [Petron, Gabrielle; Karion, Anna; Sweeney, Colm; Miller, Benjamin R.; Frost, Gregory J.; Kofler, Jonathan; Guenther, Douglas; Newberger, Tim; Wolter, Sonja; Hardesty, Mike; Noone, David; Wolfe, Dan] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Petron, Gabrielle; Karion, Anna; Sweeney, Colm; Miller, Benjamin R.; Montzka, Stephen A.; Frost, Gregory J.; Trainer, Michael; Tans, Pieter; Andrews, Arlyn; Kofler, Jonathan; Guenther, Douglas; Dlugokencky, Ed; Lang, Patricia; Newberger, Tim; Wolter, Sonja; Hall, Bradley; Novelli, Paul; Brewer, Alan; Banta, Robert; White, Allen; Schnell, Russ] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Helmig, Detlev] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Conley, Stephen] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Noone, David] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Petron, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Gabrielle.Petron@noaa.gov RI Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Miller, Benjamin/0000-0003-1647-0122; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 FU Environment Defense Fund (EDF); NSF [AGS-0955841] FX The Environment Defense Fund (EDF) provided funding to conduct the aircraft measurements in May 2012. NOAA, EDF, Climate Program Office's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle and Climate (AC4) program, and NSF AirWaterGas Sustainability Research Network supported the data analysis and interpretation. The NOAA Climate Program Office's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle and Climate (AC4) program partly supported operations and data analysis. We thank the following NOAA Earth Systems Research Lab and University of Colorado CIRES colleagues: Danlei Chao, Andrew Crotwell, Molly Crotwell, Jack Higgs, Duane Kitzis, Ken Masarie, John Miller, Lloyd Miller, Eric Moglia, Carolina Siso, Kelly Sours, Jonathan Williams, Bill Dube, and Jeff Peischl for their many and varied technical contributions. We thank NOAA ESRL Chemical Sciences Division and Physical Sciences Division for supporting the deployment of the HRDL instrument at the NOAA Platteville site (CSD) and the wind profiler at the CHILL site near Greeley, Colorado (PSD). Surface flux measurements at the BAO are supported by an NSF Early Career award (AGS-0955841). We also thank NOAA ESRL Physical Sciences Division for providing high-quality meteorological measurements and supporting multiple long-term and intensive science operations at the NOAA Boulder Atmospheric Observatory near Erie, Colorado. We thank Dale Wells and the Colorado Department of Public Health and the Environment for providing emission inventory data and detailed information on how the state inventory is built. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge the constructive comments from two anonymous reviewers. The GMD data are available at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/dv/data/. NR 52 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 9 U2 72 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 11 BP 6836 EP 6852 DI 10.1002/2013JD021272 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ8RK UT WOS:000337974500036 ER PT J AU Kim, S VandenBoer, TC Young, CJ Riedel, TP Thornton, JA Swarthout, B Sive, B Lerner, B Gilman, JB Warneke, C Roberts, JM Guenther, A Wagner, NL Dube, WP Williams, E Brown, SS AF Kim, Saewung VandenBoer, Trevor C. Young, Cora J. Riedel, Theran P. Thornton, Joel A. Swarthout, Bob Sive, Barkley Lerner, Brian Gilman, Jessica B. Warneke, Carsten Roberts, James M. Guenther, Alex Wagner, Nicholas L. Dube, William P. Williams, Eric Brown, Steven S. TI The primary and recycling sources of OH during the NACHTT-2011 campaign: HONO as an important OH primary source in the wintertime SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE NACHTT; OH; HONO; wintertime photochemistry ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MASTER CHEMICAL MECHANISM; MCM V3 PART; ATMOSPHERIC OXIDATION; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; REACTIVE NITROGEN; CHEMISTRY; HYDROXYL; RADICALS AB We present OH observations from Nitrogen, Aerosol Composition, and Halogens on a Tall Tower 2011 (NACHTT-11) held at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory in Weld County, Colorado. Average OH levels at noon were similar to 2.7x106 molecules cm-3 at 2 m above ground level. Nitrous acid (HONO) photolysis was the dominant OH source (80.4%) during this campaign, while alkene ozonolysis (4.9%) and ozone photolysis (14.7%) were smaller contributions to OH production. To evaluate recycling sources of OH from HO2 and RO2, an observationally constrained University of Washington Chemical Mechanism (UWCM) box model (version 2.1) was employed to simulate ambient OH levels over several scenarios. For the base run, not constrained by observed HONO, the model significantly underestimated OH by a factor of 5.3 in the morning (9:00-11:00) and by a factor of 3.2 in the afternoon (13:00-15:00). The results suggest that known chemistry cannot constrain HONO and, subsequently, OH during the observational period. When HONO is constrained in the model by observations (< 50 m), the discrepancy between observation and model simulation improves to a factor of 1.3 in the morning and a factor 1.1 in the afternoon, within the 35% estimated instrumental uncertainty. However, the model produces both a morning and afternoon maximum in OH, in contrast to the observations, which show strong evidence for morning OH production but no distinct morning maximum. Two additional OH sources were also considered, although they do not improve the differences in modeled and measured temporal OH profiles. First, the impact of daytime HONO gradients near the ground surface (< 20 m) was evaluated. Strong HONO gradients were observed between 06:00 and 09:00 MST (mountain standard time), especially within 20 m of the surface. When constrained to HONO observed below 20 m (rather than 50 m), the model produced an even larger morning OH maximum, in contrast to the observations. Second, Cl atoms from ClNO2 photolysis producing RO2 from reaction with alkanes, while significant, produced steady state Cl atom levels (similar to 103 atoms cm-3) that were too low to significantly perturb measured OH through reactions of organic peroxy radicals produced from Cl reactions with volatile organic compounds. C1 [Kim, Saewung; Guenther, Alex] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, NCAR Earth Syst Lab, Atmospher Chem Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [VandenBoer, Trevor C.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Young, Cora J.; Lerner, Brian; Gilman, Jessica B.; Warneke, Carsten; Roberts, James M.; Wagner, Nicholas L.; Dube, William P.; Williams, Eric; Brown, Steven S.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Young, Cora J.; Lerner, Brian; Gilman, Jessica B.; Warneke, Carsten; Wagner, Nicholas L.; Dube, William P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Riedel, Theran P.; Thornton, Joel A.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Swarthout, Bob] Univ New Hampshire, Nat Resources & Earth Syst Sci Program, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Sive, Barkley] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Chem, Boone, NC 28608 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Sch Phys Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM saewungk@uci.edu RI Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; Kim, Saewung/E-4089-2012; Young, Cora/A-4551-2010; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Wagner, Nicholas/E-7437-2010; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; VandenBoer, Trevor/F-1032-2011; Thornton, Joel/C-1142-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; Young, Cora/0000-0002-6908-5829; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; VandenBoer, Trevor/0000-0001-8926-4237; Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867; FU National Science Foundation FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship from the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. We thank everyone who helped make NACHTT possible and specifically Gerhard Hubler and Eric Williams for organizing the site logistics and the elevator operation. We acknowledge the use of the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO), Bruce Bartram of the NOAA/ESRL Physical Sciences Division, and Roya Bahreini of NOAA/ESRL Chemical Sciences Division and CIRES for their help in conducting the measurements at the BAO. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 59 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 11 BP 6886 EP 6896 DI 10.1002/2013JD019784 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ8RK UT WOS:000337974500039 ER PT J AU Crisp, TA Lerner, BM Williams, EJ Quinn, PK Bates, TS Bertram, TH AF Crisp, Timia A. Lerner, Brian M. Williams, Eric J. Quinn, Patricia K. Bates, Timothy S. Bertram, Timothy H. TI Observations of gas phase hydrochloric acid in the polluted marine boundary layer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE halogens; chlorine; sea salt; MBL; chlorine atoms ID CHLORINE EMISSIONS INVENTORY; SEA-SALT AEROSOL; ANNULAR DENUDER SYSTEM; REACTIVE CHLORINE; ATOMIC CHLORINE; HYDROGEN-CHLORIDE; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; HALOCARBON MEASUREMENTS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; COASTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Ship-based measurements of gas phase hydrochloric acid (HCl), particulate chloride (pCl-), and reactive nitrogen oxides (NOy) were made in the polluted marine boundary layer along the California coastline during spring 2010. These observations are used to assess both the rate of Cl atom production from HCl and the role of direct HCl emissions and subsequent partitioning as a source for pCl-. Observations of HCl made in coastal Southern California are broadly correlated with NOz (NOzNOy - NOx), peaking at 11 A.M. The observed median HCl mixing ratio in Southern California is 1.3 ppb (interquartile range: 0.53-2.7 ppb), as compared to 0.19 ppb (interquartile range: 0.10-0.38 ppb) measured along the Sacramento River between San Francisco and Sacramento. Concurrent measurements of aerosol ion chemistry indicate that aerosol particles sampled in Northern California are heavily depleted in Cl-, corresponding to a mean pCl- deficit of 0.05 +/- 0.03 (1 sigma) ppb for sub-10 mu m aerosol particles. In comparison, aerosols measured in Southern California indicate that over 25% of particles showed an addition of Cl- to the particle population. Observations presented here suggest that primary sources of HCl, or gas phase chlorine precursors to HCl, are likely underestimated in the California Air Resource Board emissions inventory. These results highlight the need for future field observations designed to better constrain direct reactive halogen emissions. C1 [Crisp, Timia A.; Bertram, Timothy H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Lerner, Brian M.; Williams, Eric J.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Lerner, Brian M.; Williams, Eric J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Quinn, Patricia K.; Bates, Timothy S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Bertram, TH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM thbertram@ucsd.edu RI Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; FU National Science Foundation CAREER award [AGS-1151430]; NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation CAREER award to T. H. B. (grant AGS-1151430) and in part by the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program. The authors would like to thank the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute and the crew of the R/V Atlantis for accommodating us and our science objectives during CalNex 2010. We are grateful to Kimberly Prather and Elizabeth Fitzgerald for their assistance with IC analysis for determining permeation rates from our calibration sources. We also thank V. Agusiegbe at the California Air Resource Board for supplying us with HCl emissions data. NR 103 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 11 BP 6897 EP 6915 DI 10.1002/2013JD020992 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ8RK UT WOS:000337974500040 ER PT J AU Alsmadi, AM Choi, Y Keavney, DJ Eid, KF Kirby, BJ Liu, X Leiner, J Tivakornsasithorn, K Dobrowolska, M Furdyna, JK AF Alsmadi, A. M. Choi, Y. Keavney, D. J. Eid, K. F. Kirby, B. J. Liu, X. Leiner, J. Tivakornsasithorn, K. Dobrowolska, M. Furdyna, J. K. TI Interfacial exchange coupling in Fe/(Ga,Mn)As bilayers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY; FE; SEMICONDUCTORS; FILMS; MN; HETEROSTRUCTURES; ABSORPTION; GA1-XMNXAS; SPECTRA AB We carried out a systematic study of magnetic order and magnetic interlayer coupling in Fe/(Ga,Mn) As bilayers using superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry, polarized neutron reflectometry, element-specific x-ray absorption spectroscopy, x-raymagnetic circular dichroism, and x-ray specular reflectivity. Our results clearly show that Fe/(Ga,Mn) As bilayers are strongly exchange coupled at the interface. However, contrary to recent reports in the literature, we observe a ferromagnetic rather than antiferromagnetic coupling between the magnetic moments of the Mn ions and the Fe layer. It is interesting in this context that the surface region of the (Ga,Mn) As layer that is in direct contact with the Fe film displays a nearly identical coercivity to that of Fe (indicating perfect ferromagnetic coupling of that region), while the bulk of the (Ga,Mn) As layer, which is more weakly ferromagnetically coupled with Fe, shows a significantly smaller coercive field. C1 [Alsmadi, A. M.] Kuwait Univ, Dept Phys, Safat 13060, Kuwait. [Alsmadi, A. M.] Hashemite Univ, Dept Phys, Zarqa 13115, Jordan. [Alsmadi, A. M.; Eid, K. F.] Miami Univ, Dept Phys, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Choi, Y.; Keavney, D. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kirby, B. J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, X.; Leiner, J.; Tivakornsasithorn, K.; Dobrowolska, M.; Furdyna, J. K.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Leiner, J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Tivakornsasithorn, K.] Mahidol Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Alsmadi, AM (reprint author), Kuwait Univ, Dept Phys, Safat 13060, Kuwait. EM abdel.alsmadi@ku.edu.kw FU National Science Foundation [DMR10-05851]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The work at Notre Dame was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant No. DMR10-05851. The work at the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 16 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 22 AR 224409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.224409 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AJ5NF UT WOS:000337730000002 ER PT J AU Tokumasu, F Crivat, G Ackerman, H Hwang, J Wellems, TE AF Tokumasu, Fuyuki Crivat, Georgeta Ackerman, Hans Hwang, Jeeseong Wellems, Thomas E. TI Inward cholesterol gradient of the membrane system in P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes involves a dilution effect from parasite-produced lipids SO BIOLOGY OPEN LA English DT Article DE Malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy; Parasitophorous vacuole membrane; Maurer's cleft; Detergent-resistant membrane domain; Membrane rafts ID PARASITOPHOROUS VACUOLE MEMBRANE; LIFETIME IMAGING MICROSCOPY; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; GPI-ANCHORED PROTEINS; HOST IMMUNE-SYSTEM; RED-CELL MEMBRANE; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; MALARIA PARASITE; MAURERS CLEFTS; SICKLE HEMOGLOBIN AB Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) infection remodels the human erythrocyte with new membrane systems, including a modified host erythrocyte membrane (EM), a parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM), a tubulovesicular network (TVN), and Maurer's clefts (MC). Here we report on the relative cholesterol contents of these membranes in parasitized normal (HbAA) and hemoglobin Scontaining (HbAS, HbAS) erythrocytes. Results from fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) experiments with a cholesterolsensitive fluorophore show that membrane cholesterol levels in parasitized erythrocytes (pRBC) decrease inwardly from the EM, to the MC/TVN, to the PVM, and finally to the parasite membrane (PM). Cholesterol depletion of pRBC by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin treatment caused a collapse of this gradient. Lipid and cholesterol exchange data suggest that the cholesterol gradient involves a dilution effect from non-sterol lipids produced by the parasite. FLIM signals from the PVM or PM showed little or no difference between parasitized HbAA vs HbS-containing erythrocytes that differed in lipid content, suggesting that malaria parasites may regulate the cholesterol contents of the PVM and PM independently of levels in the host cell membrane. Cholesterol levels may affect raft structures and the membrane trafficking and sorting functions that support Pf survival in HbAA, HbAS and HbSS erythrocytes. C1 [Tokumasu, Fuyuki; Crivat, Georgeta; Ackerman, Hans; Wellems, Thomas E.] NIAID, Malaria Genet Sect, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Crivat, Georgeta; Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Tokumasu, F (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Lipid, Fac Med, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. EM ftokumasu@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp OI Tokumasu, Fuyuki/0000-0003-2790-1071 FU Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX This research was supported in part by the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, and by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials identified in this manuscript are to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the NIST, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. Because all authors are government employees and this is a government work, the work is in the public domain in the United States. Notwithstanding any other agreements, the National Institutes of Health reserves the right to provide the work to Central for display and use by the public, and Central may tag or modify the work consistent with its customary practices. Rights outside of the USA can be established subject to a government use license. Biology Open NR 103 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-6390 J9 BIOL OPEN JI Biol. Open PD JUN 15 PY 2014 VL 3 IS 6 BP 529 EP 541 DI 10.1242/bio.20147732 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA AZ2NC UT WOS:000348069200014 PM 24876390 ER PT J AU Taylor, JR DeVogelaere, AP Burton, EJ Frey, O Lundsten, L Kuhnz, LA Whaling, PJ Lovera, C Buck, KR Barry, JP AF Taylor, Josi R. DeVogelaere, Andrew P. Burton, Erica J. Frey, Oren Lundsten, Lonny Kuhnz, Linda A. Whaling, P. J. Lovera, Christopher Buck, Kurt R. Barry, James P. TI Deep-sea faunal communities associated with a lost intermodal shipping container in the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, CA SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Megafauna; Macrofauna; Infauna; Marine debris; Pollution ID NORTHEAST PACIFIC SEAMOUNT; HABITAT HETEROGENEITY; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; SUBMARINE CANYONS; ARTIFICIAL REEF; ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; BENTHIC HABITATS; BIODIVERSITY; DISTURBANCE AB Carrying assorted cargo and covered with paints of varying toxicity, lost intermodal containers may take centuries to degrade on the deep seafloor. In June 2004, scientists from Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) discovered a recently lost container during a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) dive on a sediment-covered seabed at 1281 m depth in Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS). The site was revisited by ROV in March 2011. Analyses of sediment samples and high-definition video indicate that faunal assemblages on the container's exterior and the seabed within 10 m of the container differed significantly from those up to 500 m. The container surface provides hard substratum for colonization by taxa typically found in rocky habitats. However, some key taxa that dominate rocky areas were absent or rare on the container, perhaps related to its potential toxicity or limited time for colonization and growth. Ecological effects appear to be restricted to the container surface and the benthos within similar to 10 m. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Taylor, Josi R.; Lundsten, Lonny; Kuhnz, Linda A.; Whaling, P. J.; Lovera, Christopher; Buck, Kurt R.; Barry, James P.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Taylor, Josi R.; DeVogelaere, Andrew P.; Burton, Erica J.; Frey, Oren] NOAA, Monterey Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Taylor, JR (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM josi@mbari.org FU NOAA/ MBNMS; MBARI; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; R/V Western Flyer crew; ROV Doc Ricketts pilots; MBARI Video Lab; MBNMS FX The authors are thankful for macrofauna identification services by expert taxonomists Leslie Harris (polychaetes) and Peter Slattery (crustaceans), and for support from the R/V Western Flyer crew, ROV Doc Ricketts pilots, and MBARI Video Lab. We are also grateful for funding by NOAA/ MBNMS, MBARI, and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. JRT is funded by MBARI and the MBNMS; LL, LAK, PJW, CL, KRB, and JPB are funded by MBARI; EJB, OF, and APD are funded by the MBNMS. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUN 15 PY 2014 VL 83 IS 1 BP 92 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.04.014 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AL4UJ UT WOS:000339130000025 PM 24793778 ER PT J AU Wang, WQ Zhu, XH Wang, CZ Kohl, A AF Wang, Weiqiang Zhu, Xiuhua Wang, Chunzai Koehl, Armin TI Deep Meridional Overturning Circulation in the Indian Ocean and Its Relation to Indian Ocean Dipole SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID COUPLED ROSSBY WAVES; TROPOSPHERIC BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; HEAT-TRANSPORT; PACIFIC-OCEAN; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; HYDROGRAPHIC DATA; WIND STRESS; WORLD OCEAN AB This paper uses the 42-yr German Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (GECCO) synthesis data to analyze and examine the relationship of the Indian Ocean deep meridional overturning circulation (DMOC) with the Indian Ocean dipole mode (IOD). Contributions of various dynamical processes are assessed by decomposing the DMOC into the Ekman and geostrophic transport, the external mode, and a residual term. The first three terms successfully describe the DMOC with a marginal residual term. The following conclusions are obtained. First, the seasonal cycle of the DMOC is mainly determined by the Ekman component. The exception is during the transitional seasons (March-April and September-October) in the northern Indian Ocean Basin, where the geostrophic component dominates. Second, at the beginning phase of the IOD (May-June), the Ekman component dominates the DMOC structure; at and after the peak phase of the IOD (September-December), the DMOC structure is primarily determined by the geostrophic component in correspondence with the well-developed sea surface temperature anomalies, while the wind (and thus the Ekman component) plays a secondary role south of 10 degrees S and contributes negatively within the zonal band of 10 on both sides of the equator. Therefore, there exists a surface to deep-ocean connection through which IOD-related surface wind and ocean temperature anomalies are transferred down to the deep ocean. Westward-propagating signals are observed even in the deep ocean, suggesting possible roles of Rossby waves in transferring the surface signal to the deep ocean. C1 [Wang, Weiqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Xiuhua] Univ Hamburg, Ctr Erdsyst Forsch & Nachhaltigkeit, D-20144 Hamburg, Germany. [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Koehl, Armin] Univ Hamburg, Ctr Erdsyst Forsch & Nachhaltigkeit, Inst Meerskunde, D-20144 Hamburg, Germany. RP Zhu, XH (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, KlimaCampus,Grindelberg 5, D-20144 Hamburg, Germany. EM xiuhua.zhu@zmaw.de RI Wang, Weiqiang/B-1776-2013; Kohl, Armin/I-9378-2014; zhu, xiuhua/K-7583-2013; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Wang, Weiqiang/0000-0003-2146-4210; Kohl, Armin/0000-0002-9777-674X; Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU NSFC [41376024]; Strategic Priority Research Program [XDA11010301]; CAS [GJHZ201319]; Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China [12F084060027]; National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB430301]; Cluster of Excellence "CliSAP" from Universitat Hamburg [EXC177] FX This work is supported by the NSFC (41376024); the Strategic Priority Research Program (XDA11010301); the "Hundred Talents Program" and External Cooperation Program of BIC (GJHZ201319) from CAS; the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China (12F084060027); the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB430301); and the Cluster of Excellence "CliSAP" from Universitat Hamburg (EXC177). We are thankful to three anonymous reviewers, whose suggestions and comments have helped improve the manuscript. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 15 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 12 BP 4508 EP 4520 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00472.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ4PV UT WOS:000337659200011 ER PT J AU Seager, R Hoerling, M AF Seager, Richard Hoerling, Martin TI Atmosphere and Ocean Origins of North American Droughts SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; DUST BOWL DROUGHT; US GREAT-PLAINS; UNITED-STATES; EL-NINO; TREE-RING; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION AB The atmospheric and oceanic causes of North American droughts are examined using observations and ensemble climate simulations. The models indicate that oceanic forcing of annual mean precipitation variability accounts for up to 40% of total variance in northeastern Mexico, the southern Great Plains, and the Gulf Coast states but less than 10% in central and eastern Canada. Observations and models indicate robust tropical Pacific and tropical North Atlantic forcing of annual mean precipitation and soil moisture with the most heavily influenced areas being in southwestern North America and the southern Great Plains. In these regions, individual wet and dry years, droughts, and decadal variations are well reproduced in atmosphere models forced by observed SSTs. Oceanic forcing was important in causing multiyear droughts in the 1950s and at the turn of the twenty-first century, although a similar ocean configuration in the 1970s was not associated with drought owing to an overwhelming influence of internal atmospheric variability. Up to half of the soil moisture deficits during severe droughts in the southeast United States in 2000, Texas in 2011, and the central Great Plains in 2012 were related to SST forcing, although SST forcing was an insignificant factor for northern Great Plains drought in 1988. During the early twenty-first century, natural decadal swings in tropical Pacific and North Atlantic SSTs have contributed to a dry regime for the United States. Long-term changes caused by increasing trace gas concentrations are now contributing to a modest signal of soil moisture depletion, mainly over the U.S. Southwest, thereby prolonging the duration and severity of naturally occurring droughts. C1 [Seager, Richard] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Hoerling, Martin] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Seager, R (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM seager@ldeo.columbia.edu FU NOAA [NA10OAR4310137, NA08OAR4320912]; NOAA Climate Program FX The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for detailed criticisms that led to an improved paper. RS was supported by NOAA Awards NA10OAR4310137 (Global Decadal Hydroclimate Variability and Change) and NA08OAR4320912. We thank Jennifer Nakamura for conducting statistical analyses and preparing figures, Naomi Henderson and Dong Eun Lee for conducting the CCM3 integrations, Dr. XiaoWei Quan and Phil Pegion for various model simulations and Jon Eischeid for data analysis, and the NOAA Climate Program Office for support. NR 76 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 6 U2 72 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 15 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 12 BP 4581 EP 4606 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00329.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ4PV UT WOS:000337659200016 ER PT J AU Villarini, G Lavers, DA Scoccimarro, E Zhao, M Wehner, MF Vecchi, GA Knutson, TR Reed, KA AF Villarini, Gabriele Lavers, David A. Scoccimarro, Enrico Zhao, Ming Wehner, Michael F. Vecchi, Gabriel A. Knutson, Thomas R. Reed, Kevin A. TI Sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone Rainfall to Idealized Global-Scale Forcings SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE SIMULATIONS; CUMULUS CONVECTION; CO2 INCREASE; RESOLUTION; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION; IMPACT AB Heavy rainfall and flooding associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) are responsible for a large number of fatalities and economic damage worldwide. Despite their large socioeconomic impacts, research into heavy rainfall and flooding associated with TCs has received limited attention to date and still represents a major challenge. The capability to adapt to future changes in heavy rainfall and flooding associated with TCs is inextricably linked to and informed by understanding of the sensitivity of TC rainfall to likely future forcing mechanisms. Here a set of idealized high-resolution atmospheric model experiments produced as part of the U.S. Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) Hurricane Working Group activity is used to examine TC response to idealized global-scale perturbations: the doubling of CO2, uniform 2-K increases in global sea surface temperature (SST), and their combined impact. As a preliminary but key step, daily rainfall patterns of composite TCs within climate model outputs are first compared and contrasted to the observational records. To assess similarities and differences across different regions in response to the warming scenarios, analyses are performed at the global and hemispheric scales and in, six global TC ocean basins. The results indicate a reduction in TC daily precipitation rates in the doubling CO2 scenario (on the order of 5% globally) and an increase in TC rainfall rates associated with a uniform increase of 2K in SST (both alone and in combination with CO2 doubling; on the order of 10%-20% globally). C1 [Villarini, Gabriele; Lavers, David A.] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Scoccimarro, Enrico] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Bologna, Italy. [Scoccimarro, Enrico] Ctr Euromediterraneo Cambiamenti Climat, Lecce, Italy. [Zhao, Ming; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Knutson, Thomas R.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Wehner, Michael F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Reed, Kevin A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Villarini, G (reprint author), Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM gabriele-villarini@uiowa.edu RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Reed, Kevin/C-4466-2012; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014; Villarini, Gabriele/F-8069-2016 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Reed, Kevin/0000-0003-3741-7080; Villarini, Gabriele/0000-0001-9566-2370 FU U.S. CLIVAR; Iowa Flood Center; IIHR-Hydroscience Engineering; National Science Foundation [AGS-1262099]; Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research; Italian Ministry of Environment, Land and Sea under the GEMINA project; Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the Department of Energy Office of Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was carried out as part of a Hurricane and Climate Working Group activity supported by the U.S. CLIVAR. We acknowledge the support provided by Naomi Henderson, who downloaded and organized the data at the Lamont data library. Gabriele Villarini and David Lavers acknowledge financial support from the Iowa Flood Center, IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering. This material is based in part upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant AGS-1262099 (Gabriele Villarini and Gabriel A. Vecchi), and in part from the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research and the Italian Ministry of Environment, Land and Sea under the GEMINA project (Enrico Scoccimarro). Michael Wehner was supported by the Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the Department of Energy Office of Science under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. CAM5 calculations were performed at the National Energy Research Supercomputing Center (NERSC) at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. NR 53 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 15 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 12 BP 4622 EP 4641 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00780.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ4PV UT WOS:000337659200018 ER PT J AU Scoccimarro, E Gualdi, S Villarini, G Vecchi, GA Walsh, K Navarra, A AF Scoccimarro, Enrico Gualdi, Silvio Villarini, Gabriele Vecchi, Gabriel A. Walsh, Kevin Navarra, Antonio TI Intense Precipitation Events Associated with Landfalling Tropical Cyclones in Response to a Warmer Climate and Increased CO2 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; UNITED-STATES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; RESOLUTION; PARAMETERIZATION; TRANSPORT; RAINFALL; PACIFIC AB In this work the authors investigate possible changes in the intensity of rainfall events associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) under idealized forcing scenarios, including a uniformly warmer climate, with a special focus on landfalling storms. A new set of experiments designed within the U.S. Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) Hurricane Working Group allows disentangling the relative role of changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide from that played by sea surface temperature (SST) in changing the amount of precipitation associated with TCs in a warmer world. Compared to the present-day simulation, an increase in TC precipitation was found under the scenarios involving SST increases. On the other hand, in a CO2-doubling-only scenario, the changes in TC rainfall are small and it was found that, on average, TC rainfall tends to decrease compared to the present-day climate. The results of this study highlight the contribution of landfalling TCs to the projected increase in the precipitation changes affecting the tropical coastal regions. C1 [Scoccimarro, Enrico; Gualdi, Silvio; Navarra, Antonio] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Bologna, Italy. [Scoccimarro, Enrico; Gualdi, Silvio; Navarra, Antonio] Ctr Euromediterraneo Cambiamenti Climat, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Villarini, Gabriele] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA USA. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Walsh, Kevin] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Walsh, Kevin] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Scoccimarro, E (reprint author), Ctr Euromediterraneo Cambiamenti Climat, Viale A Moro 44, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. EM enrico.scoccimarro@bo.ingv.it RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Gualdi, Silvio/F-3061-2015; Villarini, Gabriele/F-8069-2016; OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Gualdi, Silvio/0000-0001-7777-8935; Villarini, Gabriele/0000-0001-9566-2370; Walsh, Kevin/0000-0002-1860-510X FU U.S. CLIVAR; Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research; Italian Ministry of Environment, Land and Sea under the GEMINA project; National Science Foundation [AGS-1262099] FX This work was carried out as part of a Hurricane and Climate Working Group activity supported by the U.S. CLIVAR. We acknowledge the support provided by Naomi Henderson, who downloaded and organized the data at the Lamont data library. The research leading to these results has received funding from the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research and the Italian Ministry of Environment, Land and Sea under the GEMINA project. Moreover this material is based in part upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant AGS-1262099 (Gabriele Villarini and Gabriel A. Vecchi). NR 48 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 15 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 12 BP 4642 EP 4654 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00065.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ4PV UT WOS:000337659200019 ER PT J AU Fan, YL Griffies, SM AF Fan, Yalin Griffies, Stephen M. TI Impacts of Parameterized Langmuir Turbulence and Nonbreaking Wave Mixing in Global Climate Simulations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; AIR-SEA FLUXES; PART I; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; MIXED-LAYER; MODEL; CIRCULATION; FORMULATION; DRIVEN AB The impacts of parameterized upper-ocean wave mixing on global climate simulations are assessed through modification to Large et al.'s K-profile ocean boundary layer parameterization (I(PP) in a coupled atmosphere ocean wave global climate model. The authors consider three parameterizations and focus on impacts to high-latitude ocean mixed layer depths and related ocean diagnostics. The McWilliams and Sullivan parameterization (MS2000) adds a Langmuir turbulence enhancement to the nonlocal component of KPP. It is found that the Langmuir turbulence induced mixing provided by this parameterization is too strong in winter, producing overly deep mixed layers, and of minimal impact in summer. The later Smyth et al. parameterization modifies MS2000 by adding a stratification effect to restrain the turbulence enhancement under weak stratification conditions (e.g., winter) and to magnify the enhancement under strong stratification conditions. The Smyth et al. scheme improves the simulated winter mixed layer depth in the simulations herein, with mixed layer deepening in the Labrador Sea and shoaling in the Weddell and Ross Seas. Enhanced vertical mixing through parameterized Langmuir turbulence, coupled with enhanced lateral transport associated with parameterized mesoscale and submesoscale eddies, is found to be a key element for improving mixed layer simulations. Secondary impacts include strengthening the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and reducing the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The Qiao et al. nonbreaking wave parameterization is the third scheme assessed here. It adds a wave orbital velocity to the Reynolds stress calculation and provides the strongest summer mixed layer deepening in the Southern Ocean among the three experiments, but with weak impacts during winter. C1 [Fan, Yalin] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Fan, Yalin; Griffies, Stephen M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Fan, YL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM yalin.fan.ctr@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 54 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 15 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 12 BP 4752 EP 4775 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00583.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ4PV UT WOS:000337659200026 ER PT J AU Min, QL Li, R Lin, B Joseph, E Morris, V Hu, Y Li, SW Wang, S AF Min, Q-L. Li, R. Lin, B. Joseph, E. Morris, V. Hu, Y. Li, S. W. Wang, S. TI Impacts of mineral dust on ice clouds in tropical deep convection systems SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ice cloud; Mineral dust aerosol; Heterogeneous nucleation; Homogeneous nucleation; Effective diameter; Satellite observation ID VERTICAL TRANSPORT; AEROSOL; SATELLITE; PRECIPITATION; LIQUID; OCEANS; STORMS AB Multi-platform and multi-sensor observations are used to study the impacts of mineral dust on ice clouds of tropical deep convection systems based on one massive Sahara dust event. The comparisons of cloud properties between dust-laden and dust-free conditions support the hypothesis that the presence of large concentrations of mineral dust produces more ice particles at warmer temperature through heterogeneous nucleation processes. Water vapor competition limits ice particles' growth and results in relatively small sizes of ice particles and a narrow distribution of effective particle diameter in non-precipitating ice clouds, particularly at upper layer with temperatures colder than -40 to -50 degrees C. On the other hand, precipitating ice clouds with sufficient water vapor supply have greater ice water paths under dust-laden conditions than under dust-free conditions. The results also suggest that mineral dusts may invigorate the convection and enhance water vapor supply in deep convective precipitating clouds, lifting ice particles to higher altitudes. Additional study illustrates that the observed microphysical changes of ice clouds in the deep convection systems are not simply due to the differences of large-scale dynamics and thermodynamics. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Min, Q-L.; Li, R.; Li, S. W.; Wang, S.] State Univ New York, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Li, R.] Univ Sci & Technol China, CAS, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Key Lab Atmospher Composit & Opt Radiat, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Lin, B.; Hu, Y.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA USA. [Joseph, E.; Morris, V.; Li, S. W.] Howard Univ, NOAA, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Wang, S.] Nanjing Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Min, QL (reprint author), State Univ New York, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM qmin@albany.edu RI Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012 FU US NSF [AGS-1138495]; DOE's Atmospheric System Research Program (Office of Science, OBER) [DE-FG02-03ER63531]; NOAA Educational Partnership Program; Minority Serving Institutions (EPP/MSI) [NA17AE1625, NA17AE1623]; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [41375148]; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change FX This work was supported by the US NSF under contract AGS-1138495, by the DOE's Atmospheric System Research Program (Office of Science, OBER) under contract DE-FG02-03ER63531, by the NOAA Educational Partnership Program with Minority Serving Institutions (EPP/MSI) under cooperative agreements NA17AE1625 and NA17AE1623, by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under contract 41375148, and by the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JUN 15 PY 2014 VL 143 BP 64 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.01.026 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH4OY UT WOS:000336109100006 ER PT J AU Koracin, D Dorman, CE Lewis, JM Hudson, JG Wilcox, EM Torregrosa, A AF Koracin, Darko Dorman, Clive E. Lewis, John M. Hudson, James G. Wilcox, Eric M. Torregrosa, Alicia TI Marine fog: A review SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Marine fog; Review ID CALIFORNIA REDWOOD FOREST; LOW STRATUS DETECTION; YAMADA LEVEL-3 MODEL; SEMPERVIRENS D. DON; YORK-CITY REGION; RADIATION-FOG; SEA FOG; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT; SEQUOIA-SEMPERVIRENS AB The objective of this review is to discuss physical processes over a wide range of spatial scales that govern the formation, evolution, and dissipation of marine fog. We consider marine fog as the collective combination of fog over the open sea along with coastal sea fog and coastal land fog. The review includes a history of sea fog research, field programs, forecasting methods, and detection of sea fog via satellite observations where similarity in radiative properties of fog top and the underlying sea induce further complexity. The main thrust of the study is to provide insight into causality of fog including its initiation, maintenance, and destruction. The interplay between the various physical processes behind the several stages of marine fog is among the most challenging aspects of the problem. An effort is made to identify this interplay between processes that include the microphysics of fog formation and maintenance, the influence of large-scale circulations and precipitation/clouds, radiation, turbulence (air-sea interaction), and advection. The environmental impact of marine fog is also addressed. The study concludes with an assessment of our current knowledge of the phenomenon, our principal areas of ignorance, and future lines of research that hold promise for advances in our understanding. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Koracin, Darko; Lewis, John M.; Hudson, James G.; Wilcox, Eric M.] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Koracin, Darko] Univ Split, Split, Croatia. [Dorman, Clive E.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA USA. [Lewis, John M.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Torregrosa, Alicia] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Koracin, D (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM Darko.Koracin@DRI.edu OI Torregrosa, Alicia/0000-0001-7361-2241 FU Naval Research [N00014-00-1-0524]; NASA UCSD [20053743, DOE ASR DE-SC0009162]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [2861]; California Landscape Conservation Collaborative FX Two of the authors (Koracin and Lewis) acknowledge support from the office of Naval Research grant N00014-00-1-0524. Funding for this project was partially provided by NASA UCSD contract 20053743 (Dorman), DOE ASR DE-SC0009162 (Hudson), and (Torregrosa) US Geological Survey Climate and Landuse Change Program, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Grant #2861, and California Landscape Conservation Collaborative. We also want to express our gratitude to the late Professor Dale Leipper, a protege of Harald Sverdrup at Scripps in the late 1940s-early 1950s, who was an inspiration to those of us who had the privilege of working with him. All authors are grateful to Mr. Travis McCord of the Desert Research Institute for his thorough editorial efforts. NR 251 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 15 U2 80 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JUN 15 PY 2014 VL 143 BP 142 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.12.012 PG 34 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH4OY UT WOS:000336109100013 ER PT J AU Morris, MJ Striegel, AM AF Morris, Mallory J. Striegel, Andre M. TI Determining the solution conformational entropy of oligosaccharides by SEC with on-line viscometry detection SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE Size-exclusion chromatography; Viscometry; Solution conformational entropy; Oligosaccharides ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; DIFFERENTIAL VISCOMETER; ANOMERIC CONFIGURATION; GLYCOSIDIC LINKAGE; FLEXIBILITY; ABINITIO; SYSTEMS; MANNAN AB Introduced here is a method for determining the solution conformational entropy of oligosaccharides (-Delta S) that relies on the on-line coupling of size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), an entropically-controlled separation technique, and differential viscometry (VISC). Results from this SEC/VISC method were compared, for the same injections of the same sample dissolutions and under identical solvent/temperature conditions, to results from a benchmark SEC/differential refractometry (SEC/DRI) method which has been applied successfully over the last decade to determining -Delta S of a variety of mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides. The accuracy (as compared to SEC/DRI) and precision of SEC/VISC were found to be excellent, as was the sensitivity of the viscometer in the oligomeric region. The experiments presented here contrast three sets of (1 -> 4)-beta-D-oligosaccharides, namely manno-, cello-, and N-acetylchitooligosaccharides of degree of polymerization (DP) 2 through 6. For each series, the dependence of -Delta S on DP was found to be monotonic while, between series, differences at each DP could be ascribed to either the additional degrees of freedom imparted by large, multi-atomic substituent groups, or to the presence or absence of additional intramolecular hydrogen bonds, depending on the axial versus equatorial arrangement of particular hydroxyl groups. An hypothesis is advanced to explain the unexpectedly high sensitivity of viscometric detection for low-molar-mass analytes. The method presented can be extended to the analysis of oligosaccharides other than those studied here. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Morris, Mallory J.; Striegel, Andre M.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Morris, Mallory J.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Striegel, AM (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andre.striegel@nist.gov NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 EI 1879-1344 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD JUN 15 PY 2014 VL 106 BP 230 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.02.027 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA AG7SW UT WOS:000335620000031 PM 24721073 ER PT J AU Tung, RC Killgore, JP Hurley, DC AF Tung, Ryan C. Killgore, Jason P. Hurley, Donna C. TI Liquid contact resonance atomic force microscopy via experimental reconstruction of the hydrodynamic function SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; VISCOUS FLUIDS; CANTILEVERS; SURFACE; WEAR AB We present a method to correct for surface-coupled inertial and viscous fluid loading forces in contact resonance (CR) atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments performed in liquid. Based on analytical hydrodynamic theory, the method relies on experimental measurements of the AFM cantilever's free resonance peaks near the sample surface. The free resonance frequencies and quality factors in both air and liquid allow reconstruction of a continuous hydrodynamic function that can be used to adjust the CR data in liquid. Validation experiments utilizing thermally excited free and in-contact spectra were performed to assess the accuracy of our approach. Results show that the method recovers the air frequency values within approximately 6%. Knowledge of fluid loading forces allows current CR analysis techniques formulated for use in air and vacuum environments to be applied to liquid environments. Our technique greatly extends the range of measurement environments available to CR-AFM. C1 [Tung, Ryan C.; Killgore, Jason P.; Hurley, Donna C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Tung, RC (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ryan.tung@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This research was performed while Ryan C. Tung held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Contribution of NIST, an agency of the US government; not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 14 PY 2014 VL 115 IS 22 AR 224904 DI 10.1063/1.4882755 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AJ7QR UT WOS:000337891800076 ER PT J AU Sims, JS Hagstrom, SA AF Sims, James S. Hagstrom, Stanley A. TI Hylleraas-configuration-interaction nonrelativistic energies for the S-1 ground states of the beryllium isoelectronic sequence SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXPLICITLY CORRELATED GAUSSIANS; ATOMIC IONS; LITHIUM ATOM; SERIES; SYSTEMS; LI AB In a previous work, Sims and Hagstrom ["Hylleraas-configuration-interaction study of the 1 S-1 ground state of neutral beryllium,"Phys. Rev. A 83, 032518 (2011)] reported Hylleraas-configuration-interaction (Hy-CI) method variational calculations for the 1S ground state of neutral beryllium with an estimated accuracy of a tenth of a microhartree. In this work, the calculations have been extended to higher accuracy and, by simple scaling of the orbital exponents, to the entire Be 2 S-1 isoelectronic sequence. The best nonrelativistic energies for Be, B+, and C++ obtained are -14.6673 5649 269, -24.3488 8446 36, and -36.5348 5236 25 hartree, respectively. Except for Be, all computed nonrelativistic energies are superior to the known reference energies for these states. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Sims, James S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Hagstrom, Stanley A.] Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Hagstrom, Stanley A.] Indiana Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Sims, JS (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 14 PY 2014 VL 140 IS 22 AR 224312 DI 10.1063/1.4881639 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AJ6LJ UT WOS:000337806100029 PM 24929393 ER PT J AU Seely, J Glover, JL Hudson, L Ralchenko, Y Pereira, N Feldman, U AF Seely, John Glover, Jack L. Hudson, Lawrence Ralchenko, Yuri Pereira, Nino Feldman, Uri TI Measurement of the O2O3O4 and O3O4O5 super Coster-Kronig rates in tungsten via asymmetric diffraction spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic physics; Coster-Kronig; x-ray spectroscopy ID X-RAY WAVELENGTHS; PROBABILITIES; SPECTRUM; WIDTHS; AM-241; LINE AB The tungsten L-gamma transitions between 11 and 12 keV and K alpha transitions from 57 to 60 keV were produced by a laboratory electron-bombarded x-ray source and simultaneously recorded with high resolution by using multiple diffraction planes of the same quartz crystal operating in Cauchois transmission geometry. The W K alpha transitions were dispersed by the (5 0 2) planes, which were perpendicular to the crystal entrance surface, and by the (6 0 2), (7 0 2), and (8 0 4) planes which were rotated with respect to the (5 0 2) planes by angles up to 4.80 degrees. The WL gamma transitions were dispersed by the (2 0 1) planes rotated from the (5 0 2) planes by 4.01 degrees. The spectra from the five planes were simultaneously recorded on image plate detectors, and spectra were also recorded by scanning solid-state electronic detectors with narrow slits across the spectral lines. The metrology of the L and K shell spectra diffracted from multiple quartz planes enabled the detailed analysis of the detector spatial resolution and accurate measurement of the instrumental broadening produced by the various quartz diffraction planes. The W L-gamma spectra had the highest instrumental resolving power, 1800, permitting for the first time the resolution of the blended L-gamma 4' (L1O2) and L-gamma 4 (L1O3) transitions. After subtracting the instrumental and detector contributions to the line widths, the remainder was assigned to the natural line widths. The measured widths of the O2 and O3 levels were 2.9 eV and 1.9 eV, respectively, and based on atomic code calculations these widths are attributed to the O2O3O4 and O3O4O5 super Coster-Kronig processes. This work demonstrates the ability to simultaneously record high resolution (< 1 eV) L and K spectra to determine the line shapes of the heavy elements (e.g. W through Am) by using multiple planes of a single quartz crystal and to accurately measure the non-radiative super Coster-Kronig rates which are closely related to the energy level structure of the outer shells of the heavy elements. C1 [Seely, John; Glover, Jack L.; Hudson, Lawrence; Ralchenko, Yuri] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Seely, John; Feldman, Uri] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Pereira, Nino] Ecopulse Inc, Springfield, VA 22152 USA. RP Seely, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM seelyjf@gmail.com RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JUN 14 PY 2014 VL 47 IS 11 AR 115004 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/47/11/115004 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AI1NZ UT WOS:000336619100004 ER PT J AU Tirado-Mendez, JA Acevo-Herrera, R Iturbide-Sanchez, F Flores-Leal, R Linares-Miranda, R Jardon-Aguilar, H AF Alfredo Tirado-Mendez, Jose Acevo-Herrera, Rene Iturbide-Sanchez, Flavio Flores-Leal, Ruben Linares-Miranda, Roberto Jardon-Aguilar, Hildeberto TI Ultra-wideband PIFA with a convex-shaped feeding line SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE current distribution; ultra-wideband Antenna; PIFA antenna; monopole ID MONOPOLE ANTENNA; OPERATION; PLATE AB In this work, an ultra-wideband planar inverted-F antenna is presented, fed by a convex-shaped structure. The antenna shows a measured ultra-wide bandwidth starting at 2.7 GHz and ending at 13 GHz, for a VSWR less than 2. The antenna shows an omnidirectional pattern at the X-Y plane with a very low out-of-roundness all over the bandwidth. The group delay of the antenna is very stable, obtaining a variation less than 1 ns. As a result, very low dispersion over the entire bandwidth is presented, as well as low cross-polarization level. C1 [Alfredo Tirado-Mendez, Jose; Linares-Miranda, Roberto] Inst Politecn Nacl, ESIME Zacatenco, SEPI, Mexico City 07360, DF, Mexico. [Acevo-Herrera, Rene] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Iturbide-Sanchez, Flavio] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, IM Syst Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Flores-Leal, Ruben; Jardon-Aguilar, Hildeberto] IPN, CINVESTAV, Telecommun Sect, Mexico City 07360, DF, Mexico. RP Tirado-Mendez, JA (reprint author), Inst Politecn Nacl, ESIME Zacatenco, SEPI, Av IPN S-N, Mexico City 07360, DF, Mexico. EM jtiradom@ipn.mx RI Iturbide-Sanchez, Flavio/F-9186-2014 OI Iturbide-Sanchez, Flavio/0000-0002-8539-0073 FU CONACYT [127856]; SIP-IPN [20140375] FX This work was support by project CONACYT No. 127856, and Project SIP-IPN No. 20140375. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0920-5071 EI 1569-3937 J9 J ELECTROMAGNET WAVE JI J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. PD JUN 13 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 9 BP 1154 EP 1165 DI 10.1080/09205071.2014.910144 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA AF4DI UT WOS:000334661200012 ER PT J AU Cundiff, ST Kauffmann, HF AF Cundiff, Steven T. Kauffmann, Harald F. TI Focus on multidimensional optical spectroscopy and imaging SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE optical multidimensional coherent spectroscopy; optical two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy; ultraviolet 2D-optical spectroscopy; higher-order exciton correlations; 2D-THz spectroscopy; double-quantum coherence; exciton correlations ID 2-DIMENSIONAL INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY AB Optical spectroscopy using ultrafast light pulses has undergone a revolution in the last decade due to the introduction and development of multidimensional coherent techniques. These methods build on established coherent spectroscopic techniques, such as photon echoes, but go beyond them by correlating the coherent dynamics during two time periods. The resulting multidimensional spectra have a number of advantages including disentangling congested spectra, revealing coupling between resonances, and removing the effects of inhomogeneous broadening. Similar ideas are currently being used for imaging. The papers in this 'focus on' collection document some of the current areas of activity in these fields. C1 [Cundiff, Steven T.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kauffmann, Harald F.] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu; harald.f.kauffmann@univie.ac.at NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 23 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JUN 12 PY 2014 VL 16 AR 065006 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/16/6/065006 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AL4DW UT WOS:000339084100001 ER PT J AU Miller, JA Teel, DJ Peterson, WT Baptista, AM AF Miller, Jessica A. Teel, David J. Peterson, William T. Baptista, Antonio M. TI Assessing the Relative Importance of Local and Regional Processes on the Survival of a Threatened Salmon Population SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ANCHOVY ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; EARLY OCEAN RESIDENCE; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; COLUMBIA RIVER; PACIFIC-SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; FRESH-WATER; RECRUITMENT AB Research on regulatory mechanisms in biological populations often focuses on environmental covariates. An integrated approach that combines environmental indices with organismal-level information can provide additional insight on regulatory mechanisms. Survival of spring/summer Snake River Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) is consistently low whereas some adjacent populations with similar life histories experience greater survival. It is not known if populations with differential survival respond similarly during early marine residence, a critical period in the life history. Ocean collections, genetic stock identification, and otolith analyses were combined to evaluate the growth-mortality and match-mismatch hypotheses during early marine residence of spring/summer Snake River Chinook salmon. Interannual variation in juvenile attributes, including size at marine entry and marine growth rate, was compared with estimates of survival and physical and biological metrics. Multiple linear regression and multi-model inference were used to evaluate the relative importance of biological and physical metrics in explaining interannual variation in survival. There was relatively weak support for the match-mismatch hypothesis and stronger evidence for the growth-mortality hypothesis. Marine growth and size at capture were strongly, positively related to survival, a finding similar to spring Chinook salmon from the Mid-Upper Columbia River. In hindcast models, basin-scale indices (Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO)) and biological indices (juvenile salmon catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) and a copepod community index (CCI)) accounted for substantial and similar portions of variation in survival for juvenile emigration years 1998-2008 (R-2 > 0.70). However, in forecast models for emigration years 2009-2011, there was an increasing discrepancy between predictions based on the PDO (50-448% of observed value) compared with those based on the NPGO (68-212%) or biological indices (CPUE and CCI: 83-172%). Overall, the PDO index was remarkably informative in earlier years but other basin-scale and biological indices provided more accurate indications of survival in recent years. C1 [Miller, Jessica A.] Oregon State Univ, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Teel, David J.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester, WA USA. [Peterson, William T.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR USA. [Baptista, Antonio M.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, NSF Sci & Technol Ctr Coastal Margin Observat & P, Beaverton, OR USA. RP Miller, JA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM jessica.miller@oregonstate.edu OI Baptista, Antonio/0000-0002-7641-5937 FU Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) [00053808, 00052946/00059479]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE-0424602]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Integrated Ocean Observing System program FX This work was supported by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA Contract No. 00053808 to Oregon State University and No. 00052946/00059479 to Oregon Health and Science University). The Virtual Columbia River is also partially supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (OCE-0424602) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Integrated Ocean Observing System program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 64 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 43 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 12 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 6 AR e99814 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0099814 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AK8TP UT WOS:000338701300096 PM 24924741 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Liu, KH Le, PS Li, MD Chiang, WS Leao, JB Copley, JRD Tyagi, M Podlesnyak, A Kolesnikov, AI Mou, CY Chen, SH AF Wang, Zhe Liu, Kao-Hsiang Le, Peisi Li, Mingda Chiang, Wei-Shan Leao, Juscelino B. Copley, John R. D. Tyagi, Madhusudan Podlesnyak, Andrey Kolesnikov, Alexander I. Mou, Chung-Yuan Chen, Sow-Hsin TI Boson Peak in Deeply Cooled Confined Water: A Possible Way to Explore the Existence of the Liquid-to-Liquid Transition in Water SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SUPERCOOLED WATER; DYNAMIC CROSSOVER; CRITICAL-POINT; DENSITY; GLASS; LINE AB The boson peak in deeply cooled water confined in nanopores is studied with inelastic neutron scattering. We show that in the (P, T) plane, the locus of the emergence of the boson peak is nearly parallel to the Widom line below similar to 1600 bar. Above 1600 bar, the situation is different and from this difference the end pressure of the Widom line is estimated. The frequency and width of the boson peak correlate with the density of water, which suggests a method to distinguish the hypothetical "low-density liquid" and "high-density liquid" phases in deeply cooled water. C1 [Wang, Zhe; Liu, Kao-Hsiang; Le, Peisi; Li, Mingda; Chiang, Wei-Shan; Chen, Sow-Hsin] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Liu, Kao-Hsiang] Acad Sinica, Inst Atom & Mol Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Leao, Juscelino B.; Copley, John R. D.; Tyagi, Madhusudan] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Podlesnyak, Andrey; Kolesnikov, Alexander I.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Mou, Chung-Yuan] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Chem, Taipei 106, Taiwan. RP Chen, SH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM sowhsin@mit.edu RI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; Instrument, CNCS/B-4599-2012; Podlesnyak, Andrey/A-5593-2013; OI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; Podlesnyak, Andrey/0000-0001-9366-6319; Wang, Zhe/0000-0003-4103-0751; MOU, CHUNG-YUAN/0000-0001-7060-9899 FU DOE [DE-FG02-90ER45429]; National Science Council of Taiwan, "New Partnership Program for the Connection to the Top Labs in the World."; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and U.S. Department of Energy FX The research at MIT was supported by DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-90ER45429. K. H. L. is sponsored by the National Science Council of Taiwan, "New Partnership Program for the Connection to the Top Labs in the World." The work at NIST was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. The work at ORNL was supported by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and U.S. Department of Energy. We thank Professor Li Liu for providing the RCM parameters. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 38 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 12 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 23 AR 237802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.237802 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AK7XX UT WOS:000338642200001 PM 24972226 ER PT J AU Meier, DC Cavicchi, RE AF Meier, Douglas C. Cavicchi, Richard E. TI Forming spherical gold nanoparticles from polymorphic nanoparticles using a single laser pulse SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Transmission electron microscope; Gold nanoparticles; Anisotropy; Laser ablation; Resuspension ID IMAGE-ANALYSIS; SIZE; SHAPE AB A method is presented for using a single laser pulse to transform polymorphic polycrystalline gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) into crystalline nanospheres. Transmission electron microscope analysis of the nominally 60-nm-diameter Au NP starting material and the product suspension confirms the production of slightly smaller particles that exhibit greater crystallinity and feature reduced caliper diameter aspect ratios and anisotropy. Centrifugation followed by ultrasonic resuspension into citrate solution separates the nanospheres from the < 15 nm ablation fragments, providing a route to monodisperse spherical crystalline Au NPs. C1 [Meier, Douglas C.; Cavicchi, Richard E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cavicchi, RE (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr MS 8362, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rcavicchi@nist.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 EI 1572-896X J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD JUN 12 PY 2014 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1 EP 7 AR 2460 DI 10.1007/s11051-014-2460-9 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AI9DB UT WOS:000337227700001 ER PT J AU Curtis, TH McCandless, CT Carlson, JK Skomal, GB Kohler, NE Natanson, LJ Burgess, GH Hoey, JJ Pratt, HL AF Curtis, Tobey H. McCandless, Camilla T. Carlson, John K. Skomal, Gregory B. Kohler, Nancy E. Natanson, Lisa J. Burgess, George H. Hoey, John J. Pratt, Harold L., Jr. TI Seasonal Distribution and Historic Trends in Abundance of White Sharks, Carcharodon carcharias, in the Western North Atlantic Ocean SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NEW-SOUTH-WALES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; EASTERN PACIFIC; MIGRATION PATTERNS; HARBOR PORPOISE; POPULATIONS; CALIFORNIA; MOVEMENTS; PREDATION; BEHAVIOR AB Despite recent advances in field research on white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) in several regions around the world, opportunistic capture and sighting records remain the primary source of information on this species in the northwest Atlantic Ocean (NWA). Previous studies using limited datasets have suggested a precipitous decline in the abundance of white sharks from this region, but considerable uncertainty in these studies warrants additional investigation. This study builds upon previously published data combined with recent unpublished records and presents a synthesis of 649 confirmed white shark records from the NWA compiled over a 210-year period (1800-2010), resulting in the largest white shark dataset yet compiled from this region. These comprehensive records were used to update our understanding of their seasonal distribution, relative abundance trends, habitat use, and fisheries interactions. All life stages were present in continental shelf waters year-round, but median latitude of white shark occurrence varied seasonally. White sharks primarily occurred between Massachusetts and New Jersey during summer and off Florida during winter, with broad distribution along the coast during spring and fall. The majority of fishing gear interactions occurred with rod and reel, longline,and gillnet gears. Historic abundance trends from multiple sources support a significant decline in white shark abundance in the 1970s and 1980s, but there have been apparent increases in abundance since the 1990s when a variety of conservation measures were implemented. Though the white shark's inherent vulnerability to exploitation warrants continued protections, our results suggest a more optimistic outlook for the recovery of this iconic predator in the Atlantic. C1 [Curtis, Tobey H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Greater Atlantic Reg Fisheries Off, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. [McCandless, Camilla T.; Kohler, Nancy E.; Natanson, Lisa J.; Hoey, John J.; Pratt, Harold L., Jr.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI USA. [Carlson, John K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL USA. [Skomal, Gregory B.] Massachusetts Div Marine Fisheries, New Bedford, MA USA. [Burgess, George H.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Florida Program Shark Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pratt, Harold L., Jr.] Mote Marine Lab, Summerland Key, FL USA. RP Curtis, TH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Greater Atlantic Reg Fisheries Off, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. EM Tobey.Curtis@noaa.gov NR 81 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 9 U2 68 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 11 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 6 AR e99240 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0099240 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AK7TQ UT WOS:000338631000066 PM 24918579 ER PT J AU Dupuis, NF Holmstrom, ED Nesbitt, DJ AF Dupuis, Nicholas F. Holmstrom, Erik D. Nesbitt, David J. TI Molecular-crowding effects on single-molecule RNA folding/unfolding thermodynamics and kinetics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE scaled particle theory; fluorescence; PEG ID GAAA TETRALOOP; CONFINED SPACES; DNA DUPLEX; STABILITY; PROTEINS; STATE; MONOVALENT; CYTOPLASM; DYNAMICS; HAIRPIN AB The effects of "molecular crowding" on elementary biochemical processes due to high solute concentrations are poorly understood and yet clearly essential to the folding of nucleic acids and proteins into correct, native structures. The present work presents, to our knowledge, first results on the single-molecule kinetics of solute molecular crowding, specifically focusing on GAAA tetraloop-receptor folding to isolate a single RNA tertiary interaction using time-correlated single-photon counting and confocal single-molecule FRET microscopy. The impact of crowding by high-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol on the RNA folding thermodynamics is dramatic, with up to Delta Delta G degrees similar to -2.5 kcal/mol changes in free energy and thus >60-fold increase in the folding equilibrium constant (K-eq) for excluded volume fractions of 15%. Most importantly, time-correlated single-molecule methods permit crowding effects on the kinetics of RNA folding/unfolding to be explored for the first time (to our knowledge), which reveal that this large jump in K-eq is dominated by a 35-fold increase in tetraloop-receptor folding rate, with only a modest decrease in the corresponding unfolding rate. This is further explored with temperature-dependent single-molecule RNA folding measurements, which identify that crowding effects are dominated by entropic rather than enthalpic contributions to the overall free energy change. Finally, a simple "hard-sphere" treatment of the solute excluded volume is invoked to model the observed kinetic trends, and which predict Delta Delta G degrees similar to -5 kcal/mol free-energy stabilization at excluded volume fractions of 30%. C1 [Dupuis, Nicholas F.; Holmstrom, Erik D.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dupuis, Nicholas F.; Holmstrom, Erik D.; Nesbitt, David J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dupuis, Nicholas F.; Holmstrom, Erik D.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu FU National Research Council; National Institutes of Health Molecular Biophysics Training Grant [T32 GM-065103]; National Science Foundation [CHE 1266416, PHY 1125844]; National Institute for Standards and Technology FX N.F.D. acknowledges the National Research Council for postdoctoral fellowship support. E. D. H. received funding from National Institutes of Health Molecular Biophysics Training Grant T32 GM-065103. Funding for this work was provided by National Science Foundation Grants CHE 1266416 and PHY 1125844 and the National Institute for Standards and Technology. NR 32 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 10 U2 59 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 10 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 23 BP 8464 EP 8469 DI 10.1073/pnas.1316039111 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AI6IJ UT WOS:000336976000050 PM 24850865 ER PT J AU Connolly, SR MacNeil, MA Caley, J Knowlton, N Cripps, E Hisano, M Thibaut, LM Bhattacharya, BD Benedetti-Cecchi, L Brainard, RE Brandt, A Bulleri, F Ellingsen, KE Kaiser, S Kroncke, I Linse, K Maggi, E O'Hara, TD Plaisance, L Poore, GCB Sarkar, SK Satpathy, KK Schuckel, U Williams, A Wilson, RS AF Connolly, Sean R. MacNeil, M. Aaron Caley, Julian Knowlton, Nancy Cripps, Ed Hisano, Mizue Thibaut, Loic M. Bhattacharya, Bhaskar D. Benedetti-Cecchi, Lisandro Brainard, Russell E. Brandt, Angelika Bulleri, Fabio Ellingsen, Kari E. Kaiser, Stefanie Kroencke, Ingrid Linse, Katrin Maggi, Elena O'Hara, Timothy D. Plaisance, Laetitia Poore, Gary C. B. Sarkar, Santosh K. Satpathy, Kamala K. Schueckel, Ulrike Williams, Alan Wilson, Robin S. TI Commonness and rarity in the marine biosphere SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE metacommunities; marine macroecology; species coexistence; Poisson-lognormal distribution ID SPECIES-ABUNDANCE DISTRIBUTIONS; NEUTRAL THEORY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; GLOBAL CORRELATIONS; REJECT NEUTRALITY; MULTIPLE SCALES; CORAL-REEFS; DIVERSITY; MODELS; BIODIVERSITY AB Explaining patterns of commonness and rarity is fundamental for understanding and managing biodiversity. Consequently, a key test of biodiversity theory has been how well ecological models reproduce empirical distributions of species abundances. However, ecological models with very different assumptions can predict similar species abundance distributions, whereas models with similar assumptions may generate very different predictions. This complicates inferring processes driving community structure from model fits to data. Here, we use an approximation that captures common features of "neutral" biodiversity models-which assume ecological equivalence of species-to test whether neutrality is consistent with patterns of commonness and rarity in the marine biosphere. We do this by analyzing 1,185 species abundance distributions from 14 marine ecosystems ranging from intertidal habitats to abyssal depths, and from the tropics to polar regions. Neutrality performs substantially worse than a classical nonneutral alternative: empirical data consistently show greater heterogeneity of species abundances than expected under neutrality. Poor performance of neutral theory is driven by its consistent inability to capture the dominance of the communities' most-abundant species. Previous tests showing poor performance of a neutral model for a particular system often have been followed by controversy about whether an alternative formulation of neutral theory could explain the data after all. However, our approach focuses on common features of neutral models, revealing discrepancies with a broad range of empirical abundance distributions. These findings highlight the need for biodiversity theory in which ecological differences among species, such as niche differences and demographic trade-offs, play a central role. C1 [Connolly, Sean R.; Hisano, Mizue; Thibaut, Loic M.] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Connolly, Sean R.; Hisano, Mizue; Thibaut, Loic M.] James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [MacNeil, M. Aaron; Caley, Julian] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Knowlton, Nancy; Plaisance, Laetitia] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Cripps, Ed] Univ Western Australia, Sch Math & Stat, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Bhattacharya, Bhaskar D.; Sarkar, Santosh K.] Univ Calcutta, Dept Marine Sci, Kolkata 700019, W Bengal, India. [Benedetti-Cecchi, Lisandro; Bulleri, Fabio; Maggi, Elena] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Biol, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. [Brainard, Russell E.] NOAA, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Brandt, Angelika] Univ Hamburg, Bioctr Grindel, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Brandt, Angelika] Univ Hamburg, Zool Museum, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Ellingsen, Kari E.] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, FRAM High North Res Ctr Climate & Environm, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Kaiser, Stefanie] German Ctr Marine Biodivers Res, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany. [Kroencke, Ingrid; Schueckel, Ulrike] Marine Res Dept, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany. [Linse, Katrin] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [O'Hara, Timothy D.; Poore, Gary C. B.; Wilson, Robin S.] Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Satpathy, Kamala K.] Indira Gandhi Ctr Atom Res, Environm & Safety Div, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India. [Williams, Alan] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Marine & Atmospher Res, Marine Labs, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Connolly, SR (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM Sean.connolly@jcu.edu.au; knowlton@si.edu RI Williams, Alan/C-6999-2012; MacNeil, M. Aaron/E-8196-2017; OI MacNeil, M. Aaron/0000-0001-8406-325X; Connolly, Sean/0000-0003-1537-0859 FU Ministry for Science and Technology; German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft); Australian Research Council FX U.S. acknowledges S. Ehrich and A. Sell for providing ship time. The authors thank all participants in the Census of Marine Life project, particularly S. Campana, M. Sogin, K. Stocks, and L. A. Zettler. They also thank R. Etienne for providing advice for obtaining numerical solutions of the fission speciation neutral model, and J. Rosindell and S. Cornell for sharing simulated neutral community data from their spatially explicit neutral model. The authors thank T. Hughes for comments on an early version of the manuscript. K. E. E. acknowledges The Norwegian Oil and Gas Association for permitting use of data. A. B. acknowledges the support of the Ministry for Science and Technology and the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) for support of the Antarctic benthic deep-sea biodiversity (ANDEEP) and ANDEEP-System Coupling (SYSTCO) expeditions, as well as five PhD positions. A. B. also thanks the Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research for logistic help, as well as the crew of the vessel and all pickers, sorters and identifiers of the extensive deep-sea material. The Census of Marine Life funded the assembly of the metadataset. Analysis of the data was made possible by funding from the Australian Research Council (to S.R.C.). NR 42 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 86 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 10 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 23 BP 8524 EP 8529 DI 10.1073/pnas.1406664111 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AI6IJ UT WOS:000336976000060 PM 24912168 ER PT J AU Li, SL AF Li, Shuang-Liang TI THE HIGH-EFFICIENCY JETS MAGNETICALLY ACCELERATED FROM A THIN DISK IN POWERFUL LOBE-DOMINATED FRII RADIO GALAXIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; galaxies : active; galaxies : jets; galaxies : magnetic fields ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BLACK-HOLES; ACCRETION DISKS; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; ELECTROMAGNETIC EXTRACTION; DRIVEN; FLOWS; FIELD; ENERGY; CONSTRAINTS AB A maximum jet efficiency line R similar to 25 (R = L-jet/L-bol), found in FRII radio galaxies by Fernandes et al., was extended to cover the full range of jet power by Punsly. Recent general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of jet formation have mainly focused on the enhancement of jet power. In this work, we suggest that the jet efficiency could be very high even for conventional jet power if the radiative efficiency of disks was much smaller. We adopt the model of a thin disk with magnetically driven winds to investigate the observational high-efficiency jets in FRII radio galaxies. It is found that the structure of a thin disk can be significantly altered by the feedback of winds. The temperature of a disk gradually decreases with increasing magnetic field; the disk density, surface density, and pressure also change enormously. The lower temperature and higher surface density in the inner disk result in the rapid decrease of radiative efficiency. Thus, the jet efficiency is greatly improved even if the jet power is conventional. Our results can explain the observations quite well. The theoretical maximum jet efficiency of R similar to 1000 suggested by our calculations is large enough to explain all of the high jet efficiency in observations, even considering the episodic activity of jets. C1 [Li, Shuang-Liang] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Astron Observ, Key Lab Res Galaxies & Cosmol, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Li, Shuang-Liang] Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, Shuang-Liang] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Li, SL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Astron Observ, Key Lab Res Galaxies & Cosmol, 80 Nandan Rd, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. EM lisl@shao.ac.cn FU NSFC [11233006, 11373056]; Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality [13ZR1447000] FX We thank the referee for a very helpful report. We also thank M. C. Begelman, X. Cao, and A. Tchekhovskoy for helpful comments and discussion. This work is supported by the NSFC (grants 11233006, 11373056) and the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (13ZR1447000). NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2014 VL 788 IS 1 AR 71 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/788/1/71 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AI7RY UT WOS:000337095200071 ER PT J AU Liew, SF Redding, B Ge, L Solomon, GS Cao, H AF Liew, Seng Fatt Redding, Brandon Ge, Li Solomon, Glenn S. Cao, Hui TI Active control of emission directionality of semiconductor microdisk lasers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LAGUERRE-GAUSSIAN MODES; DIODES; STADIUM AB We demonstrate lasing mode selection in nearly circular semiconductor microdisks by shaping the spatial profile of optical pump. Despite of strong mode overlap, adaptive pumping suppresses all lasing modes except the targeted one. Due to slight deformation of the cavity shape and boundary roughness, each lasing mode has distinct emission pattern. By selecting different modes to be the dominant lasing mode, we can switch both the lasing frequency and the output direction. Such tunability by external pump after the laser is fabricated enhances the functionality of semiconductor microcavity lasers. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Liew, Seng Fatt; Redding, Brandon; Cao, Hui] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Ge, Li] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Engn Sci & Phys, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. [Ge, Li] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cao, H (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM hui.cao@yale.edu FU NSF [ECCS-1128542, DMR-1205307]; NSF MRSEC [DMR-1119826] FX We thank Jan Wiersig, Nicolas Bachelard, Patrick Sebbah, Douglas Stone, Sebastien Popoff, and Alex Cerjan for useful discussions. This work was supported partly by NSF under Grant Nos. ECCS-1128542 and DMR-1205307. Facilities use is supported by YINQE and NSF MRSEC Grant No. DMR-1119826. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 9 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 23 AR 231108 DI 10.1063/1.4883637 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AJ7QM UT WOS:000337891200008 ER PT J AU Sallis, S Butler, KT Quackenbush, NF Williams, DS Junda, M Fischer, DA Woicik, JC Podraza, NJ White, BE Walsh, A Piper, LFJ AF Sallis, S. Butler, K. T. Quackenbush, N. F. Williams, D. S. Junda, M. Fischer, D. A. Woicik, J. C. Podraza, N. J. White, B. E., Jr. Walsh, A. Piper, L. F. J. TI Origin of deep subgap states in amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide: Chemically disordered coordination of oxygen SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; SEMICONDUCTORS AB The origin of the deep subgap states in amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO), whether intrinsic to the amorphous structure or not, has serious implications for the development of p-type transparent amorphous oxide semiconductors. We report that the deep subgap feature in a-IGZO originates from local variations in the oxygen coordination and not from oxygen vacancies. This is shown by the positive correlation between oxygen composition and subgap intensity as observed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We also demonstrate that the subgap feature is not intrinsic to the amorphous phase because the deep subgap feature can be removed by low-temperature annealing in a reducing environment. Atomistic calculations of a-IGZO reveal that the subgap state originates from certain oxygen environments associated with the disorder. Specifically, the subgap states originate from oxygen environments with a lower coordination number and/or a larger metal-oxygen separation. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Sallis, S.; Williams, D. S.; White, B. E., Jr.; Piper, L. F. J.] SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Butler, K. T.; Walsh, A.] Univ Bath, Ctr Sustainable Technol, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Butler, K. T.; Walsh, A.] Univ Bath, Dept Chem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Quackenbush, N. F.; White, B. E., Jr.; Piper, L. F. J.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Junda, M.; Podraza, N. J.] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Fischer, D. A.; Woicik, J. C.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Piper, LFJ (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM lpiper@binghamton.edu RI Walsh, Aron/A-7843-2008; Sallis, Shawn/E-6258-2012; Piper, Louis/C-2960-2011 OI Walsh, Aron/0000-0001-5460-7033; Sallis, Shawn/0000-0002-8443-4951; Piper, Louis/0000-0002-3421-3210 FU Binghamton University; Integrated Electronics Engineering Center at the State University of New York at Binghamton; New York State Foundation for Science, Technology, and Innovation (NYSTAR); Royal Society University Research Fellowship scheme; EPSRC Grant [EP/J017361/1]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Science Foundation [CHE-1230246]; University of Toledo FX We thank Dr. Intae Bae for assistance with the TEM measurements. L.F.J.P. gratefully acknowledges startup funding from Binghamton University and funding from the Integrated Electronics Engineering Center at the State University of New York at Binghamton. The IEEC is a New York State Center for Advanced Technology and receives funding from the New York State Foundation for Science, Technology, and Innovation (NYSTAR) as well as a consortium of industrial members. A.W. acknowledges support from the Royal Society University Research Fellowship scheme and EPSRC Grant No. EP/J017361/1. Access to the HECToR supercomputer was facilitated through membership of the HPC Materials Chemistry Consortium (EP/F067496). The NSLS is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Beamline X24a at the NSLS is supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under CHE-1230246 as well as start-up funds provided by University of Toledo. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 37 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 9 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 23 AR 232108 DI 10.1063/1.4883257 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AJ7QM UT WOS:000337891200046 ER PT J AU Zhu, H Bonevich, JE Li, HT Richter, CA Yuan, H Kirillov, O Li, QL AF Zhu, Hao Bonevich, John E. Li, Haitao Richter, Curt A. Yuan, Hui Kirillov, Oleg Li, Qiliang TI Discrete charge states in nanowire flash memory with multiple Ta2O5 charge-trapping stacks SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; NONVOLATILE MEMORY; NAND FLASH; GATE; SONOS; PERFORMANCE; LAYER; DEVICE; CELLS; OXIDE AB In this work, multi-bit flash-like memory cell based on Si nanowire field-effect transistor and multiple Ta2O5 charge-trapping stacks have been fabricated and fully characterized. The memory cells exhibited staircase, discrete charged states at small gate voltages. Such discrete multi-bit on one memory cell is attractive for high memory density. These non-volatile memory devices exhibited fast programming/erasing speed, excellent retention, and endurance, indicating the advantages of integrating the multilayer of charge-storage stacks on the nanowire channel. Such high-performance flash-like non-volatile memory can be integrated into the microprocessor chip as the local memory which requires high density and good endurance. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Zhu, Hao; Li, Haitao; Yuan, Hui; Li, Qiliang] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Zhu, Hao; Li, Haitao; Richter, Curt A.; Yuan, Hui; Kirillov, Oleg; Li, Qiliang] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bonevich, John E.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhu, H (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM hao.zhu@nist.gov; qli6@gmu.edu RI Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015 OI Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695 FU NIST [60NANB11D148]; NSF [ECCS-0846649] FX The work described here was supported in part by NIST Grant No. 60NANB11D148 and NSF Grant No. ECCS-0846649. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 9 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 23 AR 233504 DI 10.1063/1.4883717 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AJ7QM UT WOS:000337891200093 ER PT J AU Moran, P Bromaghin, JF Masuda, M AF Moran, Paul Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. Masuda, Michele TI Use of Genetic Data to Infer Population-Specific Ecological and Phenotypic Traits from Mixed Aggregations SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER; STOCK; HABITATS; ESTUARY AB Many applications in ecological genetics involve sampling individuals from a mixture of multiple biological populations and subsequently associating those individuals with the populations from which they arose. Analytical methods that assign individuals to their putative population of origin have utility in both basic and applied research, providing information about population-specific life history and habitat use, ecotoxins, pathogen and parasite loads, and many other non-genetic ecological, or phenotypic traits. Although the question is initially directed at the origin of individuals, in most cases the ultimate desire is to investigate the distribution of some trait among populations. Current practice is to assign individuals to a population of origin and study properties of the trait among individuals within population strata as if they constituted independent samples. It seemed that approach might bias population-specific trait inference. In this study we made trait inferences directly through modeling, bypassing individual assignment. We extended a Bayesian model for population mixture analysis to incorporate parameters for the phenotypic trait and compared its performance to that of individual assignment with a minimum probability threshold for assignment. The Bayesian mixture model outperformed individual assignment under some trait inference conditions. However, by discarding individuals whose origins are most uncertain, the individual assignment method provided a less complex analytical technique whose performance may be adequate for some common trait inference problems. Our results provide specific guidance for method selection under various genetic relationships among populations with different trait distributions. C1 [Moran, Paul] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Bromaghin, Jeffrey F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Masuda, Michele] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK USA. RP Moran, P (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM paul.moran@noaa.gov RI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/B-5058-2009 OI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7209-9500 FU HPC from the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center; University of Alaska, Fairbanks; National Marine Fisheries Service; United States Geological Survey FX This work was supported in part by a grant of HPC resources from the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center and the University of Alaska, Fairbanks. Support also came from National Marine Fisheries Service and United States Geological Survey. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 6 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 6 AR e98470 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0098470 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AP1YS UT WOS:000341869000032 PM 24905464 ER PT J AU Hollowed, AB Sundby, S AF Hollowed, Anne B. Sundby, Svein TI ECOLOGY Change is coming to the northern oceans SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; EASTERN BERING-SEA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RECRUITMENT; ATLANTIC C1 [Hollowed, Anne B.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Sundby, Svein] Inst Marine Res, N-5005 Bergen, Norway. [Sundby, Svein] Hjort Ctr Marine Ecosyst Dynam, N-5005 Bergen, Norway. RP Hollowed, AB (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM anne.hollowed@noaa.gov; svein.sundby@imr.no NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 46 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 6 PY 2014 VL 344 IS 6188 BP 1084 EP 1085 DI 10.1126/science.1251166 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AI3UU UT WOS:000336791200019 PM 24904138 ER PT J AU Silber, GK Adams, JD Fonnesbeck, CJ AF Silber, Gregory K. Adams, Jeffrey D. Fonnesbeck, Christopher J. TI Compliance with vessel speed restrictions to protect North Atlantic right whales SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Regulatory compliance; Vessel collisions; Ship strikes; Endangered whales; Remote monitoring; Large whale conservation; Vessel operations ID ENVIRONMENTAL-REGULATIONS; ENFORCEMENT; COLLISIONS; SHIPS; CONSERVATION; PROBABILITY; MOTIVATION; RISK AB Environmental regulations can only be effective if they are adhered to, but the motivations for regulatory compliance are not always clear. We assessed vessel operator compliance with a December 2008 regulation aimed at reducing collisions with the endangered North Atlantic right whale that requires vessels 65 feet or greater in length to travel at speeds of 10 knots or less at prescribed times and locations along the U.S. eastern seaboard. Extensive outreach efforts were undertaken to notify affected entities both before and after the regulation went into effect. Vessel speeds of 201,862 trips made between November 2008 and August 2013 by 8,009 individual vessels were quantified remotely, constituting a nearly complete census of transits made by the regulated population. Of these, 437 vessels (or their parent companies), some of whom had been observed exceeding the speed limit, were contacted through one of four non-punitive information programs. A fraction (n = 26 vessels/companies) received citations and fines. Despite the efforts to inform mariners, initial compliance was low (< 5% of the trips were completely < 10 knots) but improved in the latter part of the study. Each notification/enforcement program improved compliance to some degree and some may have influenced compliance across the entire regulated community. Citations/fines appeared to have the greatest influence on improving compliance in notified vessels/companies, followed in order of effectiveness by enforcement-office information letters, monthly summaries of vessel operations, and direct at-sea radio contact. Trips by cargo vessels exhibited the greatest change in behavior followed by tanker and passenger vessels. These results have application to other regulatory systems, especially where remote monitoring is feasible, and any setting where regulatory compliance is sought. C1 [Silber, Gregory K.; Adams, Jeffrey D.] NOAA, Off Protected Resources, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Fonnesbeck, Christopher J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biostat, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. RP Silber, GK (reprint author), NOAA, Off Protected Resources, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM greg.silber@noaa.gov FU Office of Protected Resources FX Funding data acquisition and analysis was provided by the Office of Protected Resources. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 15 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD JUN 3 PY 2014 VL 2 AR e399 DI 10.7717/peerj.399 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AY5JS UT WOS:000347609000001 PM 24949229 ER PT J AU Monnahan, CC Branch, TA Stafford, KM Ivashchenko, YV Oleson, EM AF Monnahan, Cole C. Branch, Trevor A. Stafford, Kathleen M. Ivashchenko, Yulia V. Oleson, Erin M. TI Estimating Historical Eastern North Pacific Blue Whale Catches Using Spatial Calling Patterns SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BALAENOPTERA-MUSCULUS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; CALIFORNIA; WATERS AB Blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) were exploited extensively around the world and remain endangered. In the North Pacific their population structure is unclear and current status unknown, with the exception of a well-studied eastern North Pacific (ENP) population. Despite existing abundance estimates for the ENP population, it is difficult to estimate pre-exploitation abundance levels and gauge their recovery because historical catches of the ENP population are difficult to separate from catches of other populations in the North Pacific. We collated previously unreported Soviet catches and combined these with known catches to form the most current estimates of North Pacific blue whale catches. We split these conflated catches using recorded acoustic calls from throughout the North Pacific, the knowledge that the ENP population produces a different call than blue whales in the western North Pacific (WNP). The catches were split by estimating spatiotemporal occurrence of blue whales with generalized additive models fitted to acoustic call patterns, which predict the probability a catch belonged to the ENP population based on the proportion of calls of each population recorded by latitude, longitude, and month. When applied to the conflated historical catches, which totaled 9,773, we estimate that ENP blue whale catches totaled 3,411 (95% range 2,593 to 4,114) from 1905-1971, and amounted to 35% (95% range 27% to 42%) of all catches in the North Pacific. Thus most catches in the North Pacific were for WNP blue whales, totaling 6,362 (95% range 5,659 to 7,180). The uncertainty in the acoustic data influence the results substantially more than uncertainty in catch locations and dates, but the results are fairly insensitive to the ecological assumptions made in the analysis. The results of this study provide information for future studies investigating the recovery of these populations and the impact of continuing and future sources of anthropogenic mortality. C1 [Monnahan, Cole C.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Branch, Trevor A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Stafford, Kathleen M.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ivashchenko, Yulia V.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Ivashchenko, Yulia V.] So Cross Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Management, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia. [Oleson, Erin M.] Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Species Div, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Monnahan, CC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM colemonnahan@gmail.com FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148, 2151] FX This publication is funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, Contribution No. 2151. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 34 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 3 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 6 AR e98974 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0098974 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AI5ML UT WOS:000336911400116 PM 24892427 ER PT J AU Watson, MC Curtis, JE AF Watson, Max C. Curtis, Joseph E. TI Probing the Average Local Structure of Biomolecules Using Small-Angle Scattering and Scaling Laws SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; INTRINSICALLY DISORDERED PROTEINS; BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES; UNFOLDED PROTEINS; DOMAIN; SAXS; COMPLEXES; PROFILES; BEHAVIOR AB Small-angle neutron and x-ray scattering have become invaluable tools for probing the nanostructure of molecules in solution. It was recently shown that the definite integral of the scattering profile exhibits a scaling (power-law) behavior with respect to molecular mass. We derive the origin of this relationship, and discuss how the integrated scattering profile can be used to identify differing levels of disorder over local less than or similar to 30 angstrom length scales. We apply our analysis to globular and intrinsically disordered proteins. C1 [Watson, Max C.; Curtis, Joseph E.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Watson, MC (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM max.watson@nist.gov; joseph.curtis@nist.gov FU National Research Council; CCP-SAS software developed through a joint Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP1K039121/1]; National Science Foundation [CHE-1265821] FX M.C.W. acknowledges the support of the National Research Council. This work benefitted from CCP-SAS software developed through a joint Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (No. EP1K039121/1) and National Science Foundation (No. CHE-1265821) grant. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 21 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JUN 3 PY 2014 VL 106 IS 11 BP 2474 EP 2482 DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.03.050 PG 9 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA AI6UK UT WOS:000337012300022 PM 24896127 ER PT J AU Cervantes, FG Kumanchik, L Pratt, J Taylor, JM AF Cervantes, Felipe Guzman Kumanchik, Lee Pratt, Jon Taylor, Jacob M. TI High sensitivity optomechanical reference accelerometer over 10 kHz SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY STABILIZATION AB We present an optically detected mechanical accelerometer that achieves a sensitivity of 100 ng(n)/root Hz over a bandwidth of 10 kHz and is traceable. We have incorporated a Fabry-Perot fiber-optic micro-cavity that is currently capable of measuring the test-mass displacement with sensitivities of 200 am/root Hz, and whose length determination enables traceability to the International System of Units. The compact size and high mQ-product achieved combined with the high sensitivity and simplicity of the implemented optical detection scheme highlight our device and this category of accelerometers, outlining a path for high sensitivity reference acceleration measurements and observations in seismology and gravimetry. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Cervantes, Felipe Guzman; Kumanchik, Lee; Pratt, Jon; Taylor, Jacob M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cervantes, Felipe Guzman; Kumanchik, Lee; Taylor, Jacob M.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cervantes, FG (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM felipe.guzman@nist.gov; jacob.taylor@nist.gov RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; Guzman, Felipe/H-6453-2011 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; Guzman, Felipe/0000-0001-9136-929X FU NSF Physics Frontier Center at the JQI; DARPA QuASaR; ARO [W911NF-11-1-0212] FX We thank J. Harris, N. Flowers-Jacobs, and S. Hoch for facilitating us samples of high reflective laser ablated fiber mirrors. We also thank C. Caves, N. Malalvala, K. Lehnert, G. Shaw, and E. Polzik for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the NSF Physics Frontier Center at the JQI and DARPA QuASaR and the ARO under W911NF-11-1-0212. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 2 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 22 AR 221111 DI 10.1063/1.4881936 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AI8KG UT WOS:000337161700011 ER PT J AU Parris, A AF Parris, Adam TI How Hurricane Sandy Tamed the Bureaucracy SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 NOAA, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Parris, A (reprint author), NOAA, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 EI 1938-1557 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD SUM PY 2014 VL 30 IS 4 BP 83 EP 90 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA AU3YE UT WOS:000345545700021 ER PT J AU Carter, GD Phinney, KW AF Carter, Graham D. Phinney, Karen W. TI Assessing Vitamin D Status: Time for a Rethink? SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID D-BINDING PROTEIN; ASSAYS C1 [Carter, Graham D.] Imperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, Oncol Endocrine Lab, Charing Cross Hosp, London W6 8RF, England. [Phinney, Karen W.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Carter, GD (reprint author), Imperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, Oncol Endocrine Lab, Charing Cross Hosp, Fulham Palace Rd, London W6 8RF, England. EM b.carter1@which.net NR 5 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 EI 1530-8561 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 60 IS 6 BP 809 EP 811 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2013.219386 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA AT2QG UT WOS:000344778600003 PM 24553058 ER PT J AU Orr, D Holloway, CL AF Orr, Dereck Holloway, Christopher L. TI Introduction to Three Papers on Radio-Propagation Studies Related to Public-Safety Communications SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Orr, Dereck; Holloway, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Orr, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM holloway@boulder.nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 56 IS 3 BP 15 EP 15 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AQ8JL UT WOS:000343071700003 ER PT J AU Holloway, CL Koepke, G Camell, D Young, WF Remley, KA AF Holloway, Christopher L. Koepke, Galen Camell, Dennis Young, William F. Remley, Kate A. TI Propagation Measurements Before, During, and After the Collapse of Three Large Public Buildings SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE Building implosion; building shielding and coupling; collapsed buildings; emergency responders; radio communications; radio propagation experiments; weak-signal detection; wireless system ID RADIOWAVE PROPAGATION AB NIST is investigating radio communications problems faced by emergency responders (e. g., firefighters and police) in disaster situations such as collapsed buildings. A fundamental challenge to communication into and out of large buildings is the strong attenuation of radio signals caused by losses and scattering in the building materials and structures, and the problem is amplified in a collapsed building. We are investigating various schemes for detecting emergency responders and civilians with portable radios or cell phones who may be trapped in voids in a collapsed or partially collapsed building. The first part of this effort is to understand radio propagation in collapsed structures. Buildings scheduled for implosion provide the ideal research environment for investigating radiowave propagation issues in fully or partially collapsed structures. The experiments reported here were performed before, during, and after the implosion of three large building structures. They consisted of measurements of the attenuation of radio signals caused by the building materials and structural components. Measurements were performed at various frequencies of interest to emergency responders, namely frequencies near the public-safety and cell-phone bands (approximately 50 MHz, 150 MHz, 225 MHz, 450 MHz, 900 MHz, and 1.8 GHz). C1 [Holloway, Christopher L.; Koepke, Galen; Camell, Dennis; Young, William F.; Remley, Kate A.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM holloway@boulder.nist.gov FU Public Safety Communications Research (PSCR) program; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES); National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) Institute for Telecommunication Sciences (ITS) FX These RF propagation-channel studies were funded by the Public Safety Communications Research (PSCR) program, a joint program of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES) and the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) Institute for Telecommunication Sciences (ITS). Dereck Orr was the Program Manager, and Jeff Bratcher was the Technical Manager. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 56 IS 3 BP 16 EP 36 PG 21 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AQ8JL UT WOS:000343071700004 ER PT J AU Molnar, MF AF Molnar, Michael F. TI THE RIGHT STUFF SO MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Mfg Off, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Molnar, MF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Mfg Off, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0025-6501 EI 1943-5649 J9 MECH ENG JI Mech. Eng. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 136 IS 6 BP 34 EP 39 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA AQ0PT UT WOS:000342485900019 ER PT J AU Wei, SH Yi, CX Hendrey, G Eaton, T Rustic, G Wang, SQ Liu, HP Krakauer, NY Wang, WG Desai, AR Montagnani, L Paw, UKT Falk, M Black, A Bernhofer, C Grunwald, T Laurila, T Cescatti, A Moors, E Bracho, R Valentini, R AF Wei, Suhua Yi, Chuixiang Hendrey, George Eaton, Timothy Rustic, Gerald Wang, Shaoqiang Liu, Heping Krakauer, Nir Y. Wang, Weiguo Desai, Ankur R. Montagnani, Leonardo Paw, Kyaw Tha U. Falk, Matthias Black, Andrew Bernhofer, Christian Gruenwald, Thomas Laurila, Tuomas Cescatti, Alessandro Moors, Eddy Bracho, Rosvel Valentini, Riccardo TI Data-based perfect-deficit approach to understanding climate extremes and forest carbon assimilation capacity SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE climate extremes; drought; carbon assimilation capacity; perfect-deficit approach; forests ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; DROUGHT; RESPIRATION; ALGORITHM; HEAT; REDUCTION; FEEDBACKS; MODEL AB Several lines of evidence suggest that the warming climate plays a vital role in driving certain types of extreme weather. The impact of warming and of extreme weather on forest carbon assimilation capacity is poorly known. Filling this knowledge gap is critical towards understanding the amount of carbon that forests can hold. Here, we used a perfect-deficit approach to identify forest canopy photosynthetic capacity (CPC) deficits and analyze how they correlate to climate extremes, based on observational data measured by the eddy covariance method at 27 forest sites over 146 site-years. We found that droughts severely affect the carbon assimilation capacities of evergreen broadleaf forest (EBF) and deciduous broadleaf forest. The carbon assimilation capacities of Mediterranean forests were highly sensitive to climate extremes, while marine forest climates tended to be insensitive to climate extremes. Our estimates suggest an average global reduction of forest CPC due to unfavorable climate extremes of 6.3 Pg C (similar to 5.2% of global gross primary production) per growing season over 2001-2010, with EBFs contributing 52% of the total reduction. C1 [Wei, Suhua; Yi, Chuixiang; Hendrey, George; Eaton, Timothy; Rustic, Gerald] CUNY Queens Coll, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 11367 USA. [Wei, Suhua; Yi, Chuixiang; Hendrey, George; Eaton, Timothy; Rustic, Gerald; Krakauer, Nir Y.] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Wang, Shaoqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resource Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Liu, Heping] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Krakauer, Nir Y.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Krakauer, Nir Y.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Wang, Weiguo] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Desai, Ankur R.] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Montagnani, Leonardo] Free Univ Bolzano, Fac Sci & Technol, I-39100 Bolzano, Italy. [Paw, Kyaw Tha U.; Falk, Matthias] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Atmospher Sci Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Black, Andrew] Univ British Columbia, Fac Land & Food Syst, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Bernhofer, Christian; Gruenwald, Thomas] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Hydrol & Meteorol, D-01737 Tharandt, Germany. [Laurila, Tuomas] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Cescatti, Alessandro] European Commiss, DG Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Climate Change Unit, Ispra, Italy. [Moors, Eddy] Alterra Green World Res, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Bracho, Rosvel] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Valentini, Riccardo] Univ Tuscia, Dept Forest Sci & Environm, Vitterbo, Italy. RP Wei, SH (reprint author), CUNY Queens Coll, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 11367 USA. EM cyi@qc.cuny.edu RI Valentini, Riccardo/D-1226-2010; Montagnani, Leonardo/F-1837-2016; Desai, Ankur/A-5899-2008 OI Valentini, Riccardo/0000-0002-6756-5634; Montagnani, Leonardo/0000-0003-2957-9071; Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041 FU US National Science Foundation [NSF-DEB-0949637]; NOAA [NA11SEC4810004, NA12OAR4310084] FX CY was supported by the US National Science Foundation under grant NSF-DEB-0949637. We thank Dr Maosheng Zhao for providing the MODIS17A2 GPP data for this research. We also thank FLUXNET site PIs for contributing data, and the agencies and institutions that funded long-term measurements at these sites. NYK was supported by NOAA under grants NA11SEC4810004 and NA12OAR4310084. All statements made are the views of the authors and not the opinions of the funders or government. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 9 IS 6 AR 065002 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/9/6/065002 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP1JM UT WOS:000341825200034 ER PT J AU Happell, JD Mendoza, Y Goodwin, K AF Happell, James D. Mendoza, Yudania Goodwin, Kelly TI A reassessment of the soil sink for atmospheric carbon tetrachloride based upon static flux chamber measurements SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CCl4; Sink; Soil uptake; Flux chamber; Atmospheric budget ID CHLOROFORM; REMOVAL; GASES; CCL4 AB Static flux chamber measurements of CCl4 uptake by soils in boreal, subtropical and tropical forests have been used to reassess the sink strength for this ozone depleting chemical. Happell and Roche (Geophys. Res. Lett. 30(2), 1088-1091, 2003) used flux estimates from soil concentration gradients to calculate a partial CCl4 atmospheric lifetime (tau(soil)) of 90 years. More recently, it is has been assumed that a better estimate of tau(soil) is 195 years (Montzka et al. 2011). In the work here, the rate of CCl4 uptake was calculated from 453 flux chamber measurements using an exponential fit to the chamber CCl4 concentration change with time. This analysis indicated that the flux rate estimate in Happell and Roche (Geophys. Res. Lett. 30(2) 1088-1091, 2003) was overestimated by 2.75, yielding a new estimate of tau(soil) for CCl4 of 245 years. Significant correlations of CCl4 uptake to temperature, soil moisture, or time of year were not observed. This work provides additional evidence that CCl4 uptake by soils is a common process and needs to be considered when developing an atmospheric budget for this compound. C1 [Happell, James D.; Mendoza, Yudania] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Ocean Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Goodwin, Kelly] NOAA, Ocean Chem & Ecosyst Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Happell, JD (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Ocean Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jhappell@rsmas.miami.edu RI Goodwin, Kelly/B-4985-2014 OI Goodwin, Kelly/0000-0001-9583-8073 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0400429] FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation grant number ATM-0400429. We wish to thank Charlene Grall, Jeff Happell, Lisa Matragrano and Nelson Melo for their help in the field. We also need to thank the staffs of the Meanook Biological Research Station and the El Verde Research Station for providing access to field sites and laboratory and housing space. The staff of the Deering Estate provided access to the field sites located there. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7764 EI 1573-0662 J9 J ATMOS CHEM JI J. Atmos. Chem. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 71 IS 2 BP 113 EP 123 DI 10.1007/s10874-014-9285-x PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO6ZM UT WOS:000341501500002 ER PT J AU Cromer, M Fredrickson, GH Leal, LG AF Cromer, Michael Fredrickson, Glenn H. Leal, L. Gary TI A study of shear banding in polymer solutions SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID WORMLIKE MICELLAR-SOLUTIONS; JOHNSON-SEGALMAN MODEL; CONCENTRATION FLUCTUATIONS; ENTANGLED POLYMERS; CONSTITUTIVE RELATION; COMPLEX FLUIDS; DNA SOLUTIONS; WALL SLIP; FLOW; STEADY AB In a recent letter [M. Cromer, M. C. Villet, G. H. Fredrickson, and L. G. Leal, "Shear banding in polymer solutions," Phys. Fluids 25, 051703 (2013)], we showed the existence of a steady shear-banded velocity profile for a model polymer solution with an underlying monotonic constitutive curve. The driving mechanism is the coupling of the polymer stress to an inhomogeneous concentration profile. To further understand this phenomenon, in this paper we investigate the underlying linear instability as well as probe the model parameters and their effect on transient and steady state solutions. The linear stability analysis of the steady, base homogeneous model shows that, in opposition to diffusion, the polymer concentration moves up stress gradients in a shear flow creating a critical balance such that, for a range of parameters, an instability occurs that drives the system away from homogeneity. The simulation of the full nonlinear equations in planar one-dimensional shear reveals a window within which the linear instability manifests itself as a shear-banded flow. Unlike the case for a nonmonotonic constitutive curve for which two bands are predicted, there is no apparent selection process for a monotonic curve that sets the number of bands in planar shear. Thus, we find the possibility of greater than two bands, the number of which is determined by the ratio of the polymer correlation length to the channel width. In addition to steady shear banding, transient phenomena are also probed revealing a complicated band transition (i.e., number of bands changing in time) as well as elastic recoil in a Taylor-Couette cell, each of which have been observed in experiment. Finally, as we showed in our letter, a nonlinear subcritical instability exists resulting in multiple steady states depending upon the wall ramp speed. Here, we show that this phenomenon can occur for realistic parameter values, in particular those obtained for a particular polymer solution that has shown this multiple steady state behavior experimentally. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Cromer, Michael] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fredrickson, Glenn H.; Leal, L. Gary] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Fredrickson, Glenn H.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Fredrickson, Glenn H.; Leal, L. Gary] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Leal, L. Gary] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Cromer, M (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU DSM; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-1160895]; MRSEC Program of the NSF [DMR-1121053] FX This research was supported by DSM and the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. DMR-1160895 and utilized the MRL Central Facilities. The MRL Central Facilities are supported by the MRSEC Program of the NSF under Award No. DMR-1121053; a member of the NSF-funded Materials Research Facilities Network (www.mrfn.org). Part of this work was conducted while M.C. was a National Research Council Research Postdoctoral Associate in the Applied and Computational Mathematics Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA. The authors thank Peter Olmsted for reading and commenting on the manuscript prior to publication. NR 60 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 51 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD JUN PY 2014 VL 26 IS 6 AR 063101 DI 10.1063/1.4878842 PG 32 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA AO2SG UT WOS:000341175200016 ER PT J AU Zhang, XY Kondragunta, S Roy, DP AF Zhang, Xiaoyang Kondragunta, Shobha Roy, David P. TI Interannual variation in biomass burning and fire seasonality derived from geostationary satellite data across the contiguous United States from 1995 to 2011 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; AMERICAN BOREAL FOREST; FIRE RADIATIVE ENERGY; SOUTH-AMERICA; SURFACE OBSERVATIONS; BURNING EMISSIONS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; BURNED AREA; CLIMATE; MODIS AB The ratio of key elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and silica determines nutrient limitations that are important to regulating primary productivity and species composition in aquatic ecosystems. The flux of these nutrients in streams, as dissolved constituents or as particulate matter, is sensitive to variability in flow conditions. Most previous research on nutrient flux and hydrologic variability has focused on the response of individual elements, especially nitrogen, to changes in flow over time. This study examines how the ratios of total nitrogen to total phosphorus (N:P) and total nitrogen to dissolved silica (N:Si) respond to hydrologic variability in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin. A doubling of the discharge by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers to the Gulf of Mexico is found to increase the N:P by 10% and the N:Si by 4%. Analysis of data from upstream stations indicates that the N:P increases with discharge in subbasins with intensive row crop agriculture and high fertilizer application rates but is less predictable in other subbasins. Conversely, the response of N:Si to discharge does not vary predictably with the land use characteristics of the subbasin. The response of the nutrient ratios to variability in flow may be linked to the different sources and sinks of each nutrient, as well as the difference between the dominant transport pathways of each nutrient. High-resolution data and models that describe the dissolved and particulate nutrient cycling are needed to assess the relative contribution of different drivers to these observed patterns and to identify the response of nutrient ratios to hydrologic variability under future land use and climate change. C1 [Zhang, Xiaoyang; Roy, David P.] S Dakota State Univ, Geospatial Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Kondragunta, Shobha] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. RP Zhang, XY (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Geospatial Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM xiaoyang.zhang@sdstate.edu RI Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010 OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046 NR 84 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 119 IS 6 BP 1147 EP 1162 DI 10.1002/2013JG002518 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AN4FF UT WOS:000340542300007 ER PT J AU Wang, J Mizobata, K Bai, XZ Hu, HG Jin, MB Yu, YL Ikeda, M Johnson, W Perie, W Fujisaki, A AF Wang, Jia Mizobata, Kohei Bai, Xuezhi Hu, Haoguo Jin, Meibing Yu, Yanling Ikeda, Moto Johnson, Walter Perie, William Fujisaki, Ayumi TI A modeling study of coastal circulation and landfast ice in the nearshore Beaufort and Chukchi seas using CIOM SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID OCEAN CLIMATE SIMULATIONS; ARCTIC-OCEAN; BERING-SEA; BALTIC SEA; BAROCLINIC INSTABILITY; MESOSCALE EDDIES; COUPLED MODEL; VARIABILITY; SHELF; COVER AB This study investigates sea ice and ocean circulation using a 3-D, 3.8 km CIOM (Coupled Ice-Ocean Model) under daily atmospheric forcing for the period 1990-2008. The CIOM was validated using both in situ observations and satellite measurements. The CIOM successfully reproduces some observed dynamical processes in the region, including the Bering-inflow-originated coastal current that splits into three branches: Alaska Coastal Water (ACW), Central Channel branch, and Herald Valley branch. In addition, the Beaufort Slope Current (BSC), the Beaufort Gyre, the East Siberian Current (ESC), mesoscale eddies, and seasonal landfast ice are well simulated. The CIOM also reproduces reasonable interannual variability in sea ice, such as landfast ice, and anomalous open water (less sea ice) during the positive Dipole Anomaly (DA) years, vice versa during the negative DA years. Sensitivity experiments were conducted with regard to the impacts of the Bering Strait inflow (heat transport), onshore wind stress, and sea ice advection on sea ice change, in particular on the landfast ice. It is found that coastal landfast ice is controlled by the following processes: wind forcing, Bering Strait inflow, and sea ice dynamics. C1 [Wang, Jia] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Mizobata, Kohei] Tokyo Univ Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Ocean Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Bai, Xuezhi; Hu, Haoguo; Fujisaki, Ayumi] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Jin, Meibing] Univ Alaska, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Yu, Yanling] Univ Washington, Arctic Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ikeda, Moto] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Johnson, Walter] Bur Ocean Energy Management, Dept Interior, Herndon, VA USA. [Perie, William] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS, Canada. RP Wang, J (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM Jia.Wang@noaa.gov RI Mizobata, Kohei/D-6369-2012; Jin, Meibing/F-7666-2010 OI Mizobata, Kohei/0000-0001-7531-2349; FU University of Alaska Coastal Marine Institute (CMI); Minerals Management Service (MMS); NSF [ARC-0712673, ARC-0714078]; NOAA CPO Office of Arctic Research through RUSALCA project FX We sincerely thank the University of Alaska Coastal Marine Institute (CMI) and Minerals Management Service (MMS) for the support. Thanks also go to R. Prentki, Ron Lai, and Caryn Smith of BOEM for their discussion and input. The NSF support of this collaborative research was acknowledged: ARC-0712673 to H. Eicken and J. Wang, and ARC-0714078 to Y. Yu. This study is also supported by the NOAA CPO Office of Arctic Research through RUSALCA project. We appreciate very much three anonymous reviewers for providing valuable and constructive comments that help significantly improve the presentation of the paper. Editorial work by Cathy Darnell is also appreciated. This is GLERL contribution 1710. NR 75 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN PY 2014 VL 119 IS 6 BP 3285 EP 3312 DI 10.1002/2013JC009258 PG 28 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AN2KT UT WOS:000340414800004 ER PT J AU Shi, W Wang, MH Guo, W AF Shi, Wei Wang, Menghua Guo, Wei TI Long-term hydrological changes of the Aral Sea observed by satellites SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; RESOLUTION RADIOMETER AVHRR; ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATION; TOPEX/POSEIDON ALTIMETRY; VEGETATION INDEX; OCEAN; LEVEL; REFLECTANCE; VARIABILITY; EVOLUTION AB The Aral Sea has been shrinking since the former Soviet Union constructed irrigation projects to divert water from its main rivers in the 1960s. The diminishing of the Aral Sea is "one of the worst environmental disasters in the world" (from United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon). In this study, 33 years of satellite observations from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and 21 years of satellite altimetry sea level data from TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, and Jason-2 are used to quantify the long-term hydrological changes in the Aral Sea. A simple algorithm with AVHRR channels 1 and 2 albedo is developed to identify and discriminate the water pixels from land and cloud. Thus, monthly water coverage in the region can be reliably generated. The water coverage maps since 1981 show constant decline of the Aral Sea. The coverage dropped from similar to 4.7-4.8 x 104 km(2) in 1981 to about 1/4 of this value in the recent years. In fact, drastic hydrological change was observed in the main Aral Sea during the 2000s. In the South Aral Sea, sea level shows a steady decrease from 35 m above sea level to <26 m since 1993. Total loss of water storage since 1993 is estimated to be similar to 2.0 x 10(2) km(3) for the South Aral Sea with a rate of similar to 16-20 km(3)/yr before 2002, and a smaller value after 2002. In 1990, the North Aral Sea was observed to separate from the main Aral Sea. Water coverage, sea level, and total water storage were kept relatively stable for the period between 1993 and 2013 in the North Aral Sea. A water level increase and coverage expansion occurred during the 2005-2006 period when a dam was built in 2005 between the North Aral Sea and the South-East Aral Sea. C1 [Shi, Wei; Wang, Menghua; Guo, Wei] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Shi, Wei] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Guo, Wei] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. RP Shi, W (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Wei.1.Shi@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010; Guo, Wei/E-7934-2011 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; Guo, Wei/0000-0003-3253-9441 NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN PY 2014 VL 119 IS 6 BP 3313 EP 3326 DI 10.1002/2014JC009988 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AN2KT UT WOS:000340414800005 ER PT J AU Hong, LY Zhang, LP Chen, ZH Wu, LX AF Hong, Lingya Zhang, Liping Chen, Zhaohui Wu, Lixin TI Linkage between the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the low frequency variability of the Pacific Subtropical Cell SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; NORTH PACIFIC; SST ANOMALIES; ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; OCEAN; ATLANTIC; THERMOCLINE AB The decadal variability of Pacific Subtropical Cell (STC) and its linkages with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) are investigated in the present study based on a Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA 2.2.4). It is found that, on decadal time scales, the western boundary and interior pycnocline transports are anticorrelated and the variation of the interior component is more significant, which is consistent with previous studies. The decadal variability of STC in the Northern Hemisphere is found to be strongly associated with PDO. Associated with a positive (negative) phase of PDO, the relaxation (acceleration) of the northeast trades slows down (spins up) the STC within a few years through baroclinic adjustment in conjunction with the subduction of the cold (warm) mixed-layer anomalies in the extratropics. The cold (warm) water is then injected into the thermocline and advected further southwestward to the tropics along the isopycnal surfaces, leading to the slowdown (spin-up) of STC due to zonal pressure gradient change at low latitude. Along with the STC weakening (strengthening), a significant warming (cold) anomaly appears in the tropics and it is advected to the midlatitude by the Kuroshio and North Pacific currents, thus feeding back to the atmosphere over the North Pacific. In contrast to the Northern Hemisphere, it is found the STC in the south only passively responds to the PDO. The mechanism found here highlights the role of the STC advection of extra-tropical anomalies to the tropics and horizontal gyre advection of the tropical anomalies to the extratropics in decadal variability of the STC and PDO. C1 [Hong, Lingya; Chen, Zhaohui; Wu, Lixin] Ocean Univ China, Qingdao Collaborat Innovat Ctr Marine Sci & Techn, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Liping] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Zhang, Liping] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Hong, LY (reprint author), Ocean Univ China, Qingdao Collaborat Innovat Ctr Marine Sci & Techn, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao, Peoples R China. EM hong15264283802@163.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [41130859]; China National Global Change Major Research Project [2013CB956201]; NSFC Innovation Project [41221063]; Research Project of Chinese Ministry of Education [113041A] FX This research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Key Project (41130859), China National Global Change Major Research Project (2013CB956201), NSFC Innovation Project (41221063), and the Research Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (113041A). Discussions with Bo Qiu, Michael Mcphaden, and Shantong Sun are greatly appreciated. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN PY 2014 VL 119 IS 6 BP 3464 EP 3477 DI 10.1002/2013JC009650 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AN2KT UT WOS:000340414800014 ER PT J AU Pollock, MM Beechie, TJ AF Pollock, Michael M. Beechie, Timothy J. TI DOES RIPARIAN FOREST RESTORATION THINNING ENHANCE BIODIVERSITY? THE ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF LARGE WOOD SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE riparian ecology; rivers/streams; restoration; forests; fish; fluvial processes; forest management; forest structure; large wood ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; OREGON COAST RANGE; ORGANIC DEBRIS DAMS; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WESTERN OREGON; MARBLED MURRELETS; SPECIES RICHNESS; MANAGED FORESTS; DAY ROOSTS AB Intact riparian ecosystems are rich in biological diversity, but throughout the world, many have been degraded. Biodiversity declines, particularly of vertebrates, have led to experimental efforts to restore riparian forests by thinning young stands to accelerate creation of large diameter live trees. However, many vertebrates depend on large diameter deadwood that is standing as snags or fallen to the forest floor or fallen into streams. Therefore, we reviewed the sizes of deadwood and live trees used by different vertebrate species to understand which species are likely to benefit from different thinning treatments. We then examined how riparian thinning affects the long-term development of both large diameter live trees and deadwood. To this end, we used a forest growth model to examine how different forest thinning intensities might affect the long-term production and abundance of live trees and deadwood. Our results suggest that there are long-term habitat tradeoffs associated with different thinning intensities. Species that utilize large diameter live trees will benefit most from heavy thinning, whereas species that utilize large diameter deadwood will benefit most from light or no thinning. Because far more vertebrate species utilize large deadwood rather than large live trees, allowing riparian forests to naturally develop may result in the most rapid and sustained development of structural features important to most terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates. C1 [Pollock, Michael M.; Beechie, Timothy J.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Watershed Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Pollock, MM (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Watershed Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM michael.pollock@noaa.gov FU NOAA FX We thank Stu Johnson of the United States Forest Service for providing the field data used in this manuscript. We thank Phil Roni and Jon Ferguson of NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center for their thoughtful reviews of the manuscript. Jeffrey Lockwood and Rob Markle of NOAA's Habitat Conservation Division provided initial input into the development of ideas that were later incorporated into the document. Funding for this project was provided by NOAA. NR 84 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 50 IS 3 BP 543 EP 559 DI 10.1111/jawr.12206 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AN3CQ UT WOS:000340462900003 ER PT J AU Meseck, SL Mercaldo-Allen, R Rose, JM Clark, P Kuropat, C Pereira, JJ Goldberg, R AF Meseck, Shannon L. Mercaldo-Allen, Renee Rose, Julie M. Clark, Paul Kuropat, Catherine Pereira, Jose J. Goldberg, Ronald TI Effects of Hydraulic Dredging for Mercenaria mercenaria, Northern Quahog, on Sediment Biogeochemistry SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; COASTAL WATERS; DISTURBANCE; BACI; DISTRIBUTIONS; POPULATIONS; BIVALVES; HABITAT; DESIGNS AB A before-after-control-impact (BACI) experiment was conducted to examine the effects of hydraulic clam dredging on sediment biogeochemistry of a leased shellfish bed of Mercenaria mercenaria, northern quahog, over the course of an entire growing season. Six study plots (0.67 ha each), three dredged and three not dredged, off of Milford, Connecticut, in Long Island Sound, were sampled from May to October 2009 for porewater fluxes of total ammonia, oxygen, and hydrogen. Particulate samples were also analyzed for grain size, total nitrogen, total carbon, total sulfur, and organic carbon. Statistical analysis indicated no significant difference between dredged and not dredged sites. Grain size and oxygen flux explained 22% of the variation in the total benthic species assemblages; grain size and either total carbon or organic nitrogen explained 18% of the variation in molluscan abundance. Our study demonstrates that one-time hydraulic shellfish harvesting had minor effects on the sediment chemistry of a leased clam bed. C1 [Meseck, Shannon L.; Mercaldo-Allen, Renee; Rose, Julie M.; Clark, Paul; Kuropat, Catherine; Pereira, Jose J.; Goldberg, Ronald] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Meseck, SL (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-8849 EI 1749-7345 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 45 IS 3 BP 301 EP 311 DI 10.1111/jwas.12114 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AN4QB UT WOS:000340571600006 ER PT J AU Cash, MD Wrobel, JS Cosentino, KC Reinard, AA AF Cash, M. D. Wrobel, J. S. Cosentino, K. C. Reinard, A. A. TI Characterizing interplanetary shocks for development and optimization of an automated solar wind shock detection algorithm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EARTH; CONNECTION AB Human evaluation of solar wind data for interplanetary (IP) shock identification relies on both heuristics and pattern recognition, with the former lending itself to algorithmic representation and automation. Such detection algorithms can potentially alert forecasters of approaching shocks, providing increased warning of subsequent geomagnetic storms. However, capturing shocks with an algorithmic treatment alone is challenging, as past and present work demonstrates. We present a statistical analysis of 209 IP shocks observed at L1, and we use this information to optimize a set of shock identification criteria for use with an automated solar wind shock detection algorithm. In order to specify ranges for the threshold values used in our algorithm, we quantify discontinuities in the solar wind density, velocity, temperature, and magnetic field magnitude by analyzing 8 years of IP shocks detected by the SWEPAM and MAG instruments aboard the ACE spacecraft. Although automatic shock detection algorithms have previously been developed, in this paper we conduct a methodical optimization to refine shock identification criteria and present the optimal performance of this and similar approaches. We compute forecast skill scores for over 10,000 permutations of our shock detection criteria in order to identify the set of threshold values that yield optimal forecast skill scores. We then compare our results to previous automatic shock detection algorithms using a standard data set, and our optimized algorithm shows improvements in the reliability of automated shock detection. C1 [Cash, M. D.; Reinard, A. A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cash, M. D.; Reinard, A. A.] NOAA, SWPC, Boulder, CO USA. [Wrobel, J. S.] Honeybee Robot, Longmont, CO USA. [Cosentino, K. C.] Eckerd Coll, St Petersburg, FL 33733 USA. RP Cash, MD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM michele.cash@colorado.edu FU Hollings Undergraduate Summer Research program FX The authors would like to thank the forecasters and scientists at NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center for helpful discussions. The authors also acknowledge the ACE Science Center for providing Level-2 MAG and SWEPAM data and appreciate the online shock lists maintained by Charles W. Smith and Ian Richardson and Hilary Cane. This work was supported in part by the Hollings Undergraduate Summer Research program which funded K. C. Cosentino for his contribution to this work. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 119 IS 6 BP 4210 EP 4222 DI 10.1002/2014JA019800 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AM2VZ UT WOS:000339710300005 ER PT J AU Hartley, DP Denton, MH Rodriguez, JV AF Hartley, D. P. Denton, M. H. Rodriguez, J. V. TI Electron number density, temperature, and energy density at GEO and links to the solar wind: A simple predictive capability SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; RADIATION BELT; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; PLASMA SHEET; FLUX; MAGNETOSPHERE; PHASE; SPEED AB Many authors have studied the outer radiation belts response to different solar wind drivers, with the majority investigating electron flux variations. Using partial moments (electron number density, temperature, and energy density) from GOES-13 during 2011 allows for changes in the number of electrons and the temperature of the electrons to be distinguished, which is not possible with the outputs of individual instrument channels. This study aims to produce a coarse predictive capability of the partial moments from GOES-13 by determining which solar wind conditions exhibit the strongest relationship with electron variations at GEO. Investigating how the electron distribution at GEO is affected by fluctuations in this primary driver, both instantaneous and time delayed, allows for this to be achieved. These predictive functions are then tested against data from 2012. It is found that using solely the solar wind velocity as a driver results in predicted values that accurately follow the general trend of the observed moments. This study is intended to make further progress in quantifying the relationship between the solar wind and electron number density, temperature, and energy density at GEO. Our results provide a coarse predictive capability of these quantities that can be expanded upon in future studies to incorporate other solar wind drivers to improve accuracy. C1 [Hartley, D. P.; Denton, M. H.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster, England. [Denton, M. H.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Rodriguez, J. V.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO USA. [Rodriguez, J. V.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hartley, DP (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster, England. EM d.hartley1@lancaster.ac.uk OI Hartley, David/0000-0001-8630-8054 FU Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC); STFC [ST/I000801/1]; GOES-R Risk Reduction Program FX Research at Lancaster is supported by a Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) studentship grant. D.P. Hartley would like to thank the Royal Astronomical Society Conference Travel Fund and the Institute of Physics Research Student Conference Fund and C R Barber Trust. M.H. Denton is supported by STFC grant ST/I000801/1. OMNI data were obtained from the GSFC/SPDF OMNIWeb interface at http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov. The development of the GOES moments algorithm and software at CIRES was supported by the GOES-R Risk Reduction Program. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 119 IS 6 BP 4556 EP 4571 DI 10.1002/2014JA019779 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AM2VZ UT WOS:000339710300030 ER PT J AU Li, W Thorne, RM Ma, Q Ni, B Bortnik, J Baker, DN Spence, HE Reeves, GD Kanekal, SG Green, JC Kletzing, CA Kurth, WS Hospodarsky, GB Blake, JB Fennell, JF Claudepierre, SG AF Li, W. Thorne, R. M. Ma, Q. Ni, B. Bortnik, J. Baker, D. N. Spence, H. E. Reeves, G. D. Kanekal, S. G. Green, J. C. Kletzing, C. A. Kurth, W. S. Hospodarsky, G. B. Blake, J. B. Fennell, J. F. Claudepierre, S. G. TI Radiation belt electron acceleration by chorus waves during the 17 March 2013 storm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VAN ALLEN PROBES; PHASE-SPACE DENSITY; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; ENERGETIC PARTICLE; PLASMASPHERIC HISS; PC5 WAVES; PRECIPITATION; SCATTERING AB Local acceleration driven by whistler-mode chorus waves is fundamentally important for accelerating seed electron populations to highly relativistic energies in the outer radiation belt. In this study, we quantitatively evaluate chorus-driven electron acceleration during the 17 March 2013 storm, when the Van Allen Probes observed very rapid electron acceleration up to several MeVwithin similar to 12 hours. A clear radial peak in electron phase space density (PSD) observed near L*similar to 4 indicates that an internal local acceleration process was operating. We construct the global distribution of chorus wave intensity from the low-altitude electron measurements made by multiple Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) satellites over a broad region, which is ultimately used to simulate the radiation belt electron dynamics driven by chorus waves. Our simulation results show remarkable agreement in magnitude, timing, energy dependence, and pitch angle distribution with the observed electron PSD near its peak location. However, radial diffusion and other loss processes may be required to explain the differences between the observation and simulation at other locations away from the PSD peak. Our simulation results, together with previous studies, suggest that local acceleration by chorus waves is a robust and ubiquitous process and plays a critical role in accelerating injected seed electrons with convective energies (similar to 100 keV) to highly relativistic energies (several MeV). C1 [Li, W.; Thorne, R. M.; Ma, Q.; Ni, B.; Bortnik, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Baker, D. N.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Spence, H. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Reeves, G. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Sci & Applicat Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Kanekal, S. G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Green, J. C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Kletzing, C. A.; Kurth, W. S.; Hospodarsky, G. B.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Blake, J. B.; Fennell, J. F.; Claudepierre, S. G.] Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. RP Li, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM moonli@atmos.ucla.edu RI Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Kletzing, Craig/0000-0002-4136-3348; Kurth, William/0000-0002-5471-6202; Hospodarsky, George/0000-0001-9200-9878; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 FU JHU/APL under NASA [967399, 921647, NAS5-01072]; EMFISIS [001057397: 01]; ECT [13-041]; NASA [NNX11AD75G, NNX11AR64G, NNX12AD12G, NNX13AI61G] FX This work was supported by JHU/APL contracts 967399 and 921647 under NASA's prime contract NAS5-01072. The analysis at UCLA was supported by the EMFISIS sub-award 1001057397: 01, ECT sub-award 13-041, NASA grants NNX11AD75G, NNX11AR64G, NNX12AD12G, and NNX13AI61G. We acknowledge the Van Allen Probes data from the EMFISIS instrument obtained from https://emfisis.physics.uiowa.edu/data/index and from the REPT and MagEIS instrument obtained from http://www.rbsp-ect.lanl.gov/data_pub/. We greatly appreciate the NOAA POES data obtained from http://satdat.ngdc.noaa.gov/sem/poes/data/. We also thank the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto for providing SYM-H, AU and AL index (http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/aeasy/index.html), and the Space Physics Data Facility at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for providing the OMNI2 data (ftp://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/omni_cdaweb/). NR 60 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 119 IS 6 BP 4681 EP 4693 DI 10.1002/2014JA019945 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AM2VZ UT WOS:000339710300038 ER PT J AU Wanninkhof, R AF Wanninkhof, Rik TI Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean revisited SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID SEA CO2 FLUXES; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; AIR-WATER INTERFACE; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; TRANSFER VELOCITIES; SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; RADAR BACKSCATTER; METHYL-BROMIDE; PURE WATER; SEAWATER AB The relationship between gas exchange and wind speed is used extensively for estimating bulk fluxes of atmospheric gases across the air-sea interface. Here, I provide an update on the frequently used method of Wanninkhof (1992). The update of the methodology reflects advances that have occurred over the past two decades in quantifying the input parameters. The general principle of obtaining a relationship constrained by the globally integrated bomb-(CO2)-C-14 flux into the ocean remains unchanged. The improved relationship is created using revised global ocean C-14 inventories and improved wind speed products. Empirical relationships of the Schmidt number, which are necessary to determine the fluxes, are extended to 40 degrees C to facilitate their use in the models. The focus is on the gas exchange of carbon dioxide, but the suggested functionality can be extended to other gases at intermediate winds (approximate to 4-15 m s(-1)). The updated relationship, expressed as k = 0.251 (Sc/660)(-0.5) where k is the gas transfer velocity, is the average squared wind speed, and Sc is the Schmidt number, has a 20% uncertainty. The relationship is in close agreement with recent parameterizations based on results from gas exchange process studies over the ocean. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Wanninkhof, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM rik.wanninkhof@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) FX This update on the manuscript "Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean" was inspired by the recognition of the original work through the ASLO John Martin Award. Here, I apply the same approach as in the original paper to provide the tools for determining air-sea gas fluxes of slightly soluble gases taking into account the appreciable improvements in quantification of the underlying parameters since the original work. I acknowledge the many colleagues who have made basic physical-chemical measurements, improved the wind speed products, and performed experimental and theoretical studies on the controls of sea-air gas transfer. In particular, Colm Sweeney of NOAA ESRL/GMD provided the updated gas exchange coefficient used in this work. I appreciate the assistance of Ms. Gail Derr in proofreading the document and copy-editing. This work is supported by NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR). NR 77 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 22 U2 148 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1541-5856 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 12 BP 351 EP 362 DI 10.4319/lom.2014.12.351 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AM0PW UT WOS:000339548800002 ER PT J AU Awad, G Over, P Kraaij, W AF Awad, George Over, Paul Kraaij, Wessel TI Content-Based Video Copy Detection Benchmarking at TRECVID SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Algorithms; Experimentation; Measurement; Performance; Video copy detection; multimedia; evaluation; TRECVID AB This article presents an overview of the video copy detection benchmark which was run over a period of 4 years (2008-2011) as part of the TREC Video Retrieval (TRECVID) workshop series. The main contributions of the article include i) an examination of the evolving design of the evaluation framework and its components (system tasks, data, measures); a high-level overview of results and best-performing approaches; and a discussion of lessons learned over the four years. The content-based copy detection (CCD) benchmark worked with a large collection of synthetic queries, which is atypical for TRECVID, as was the use of a normalized detection cost framework. These particular evaluation design choices are motivated and appraised. C1 [Awad, George] Dakota Consulting Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Over, Paul] NIST, Informat Access Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kraaij, Wessel] TNO, Delft, Netherlands. [Kraaij, Wessel] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Awad, G (reprint author), Dakota Consulting Inc, 1110 Bonifant St,Suite 310, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM gawad@nist.gov; over@nist.gov; kraaijw@acm.org RI Kraaij, Wessel/S-2071-2016 OI Kraaij, Wessel/0000-0001-7797-619X NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 1046-8188 EI 1558-2868 J9 ACM T INFORM SYST JI ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 32 IS 3 AR 14 DI 10.1145/2629531 PG 40 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA AL9NI UT WOS:000339467600005 ER PT J AU Heidinger, AK Foster, MJ Walther, A Zhao, XP AF Heidinger, Andrew K. Foster, Michael J. Walther, Andi Zhao, Xuepeng (Tom) TI THE PATHFINDER ATMOSPHERES-EXTENDED AVHRR CLIMATE DATASET SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; PATMOS-X; CLOUD; ALGORITHM; RADIATION; CHANNELS; CLASSIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; CALIBRATION AB The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Pathfinder Atmospheres-Extended (PATMOS-x) dataset offers over, three decades of global observations from the NOAA Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite (POES) project and the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) [Meteorological Operational (MetOp)] satellite series. The AVHRR has flown since 1978 and continues to provide radiometrically consistent observations with a spatial resolution of roughly 4 km and a temporal resolution of an ascending and descending node per satellite per day, achieving global coverage. The AVHRR PATMOS-x data provide calibrated AVHRR observations in addition to properties about tropospheric clouds and aerosols, Earth's surface, Earth's radiation budget, and relevant ancillary data. To provide three decades of data in a convenient format, PATMOS-x generates mapped and sampled results with a spatial resolution of 0.1 degrees on a global latitude-longitude grid. This format avoids spatial or temporal averaging of data, thus maintaining the flexibility to conduct multidimensional analysis. Comparison of this format against the unsampled record demonstrates the ability to reproduce the pixel distribution to a high level of accuracy. AVHRR PATMOS-x is composed of data from 17 different sensors. An examination of cloud amount and total-sky albedo time series demonstrates that intersatellite biases are less than 2%. The comparison of the cloud amount time series to the Interim European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) demonstrates a high degree of correlation, indicating that sensor-to-sensor differences are also not contributing significantly to the observed climate variability in PATMOS-x. AVHRR PATMOS-x data are hosted by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) (available at www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdr/operationalcdrs.html). C1 [Heidinger, Andrew K.] NOAA NESDIS STAR Adv Prod Branch, Madison, WI USA. [Foster, Michael J.; Walther, Andi] Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Zhao, Xuepeng (Tom)] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Heidinger, AK (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM andrew.heidinger@noaa.gov RI Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X FU NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) program FX We appreciate the support of the NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) program. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 41 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 95 IS 6 BP 909 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00246.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM1ZL UT WOS:000339647700008 ER PT J AU Gharavi, H AF Gharavi, Hamid TI A STATEMENT FROM THE NEW ASSOCIATE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF OF IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SO IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gharavi, Hamid] AT&T Bell Labs, Visual Commun Res Dept, Holmdel, NJ USA. [Gharavi, Hamid] Univ Loughborough, Loughborough, Leics, England. [Gharavi, Hamid] NIST, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gharavi, Hamid] IEEE Commun Soc, New York, NY USA. [Gharavi, Hamid] IEEE SmartGridComm, New York, NY USA. RP Gharavi, H (reprint author), AT&T Bell Labs, Visual Commun Res Dept, Holmdel, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1284 EI 1558-0687 J9 IEEE WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Wirel. Commun. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 21 IS 3 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA AL5IP UT WOS:000339167500002 ER PT J AU Liu, YY Li, WJ Zuo, JQ Hu, ZZ AF Liu Yunyun Li Weijing Zuo Jinqing Hu Zeng-Zhen TI Simulation and Projection of the Western Pacific Subtropical High in CMIP5 Models SO JOURNAL OF METEOROLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH); simulation and projection; CMIP5; RCP scenarios ID TROPOSPHERIC BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; 500 HPA HEIGHT; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; ASSOCIATION AB This work examined the performance of 26 coupled climate models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) in the simulation of the present-day temporal variability and spatial pattern of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH). The results show that most models are able to capture the spatial distribution and variability of the 500-hPa geopotential height and zonal wind fields in the western subtropical Pacific, but with underestimated mean intensity of the WPSH. The underestimation may be associated with the cold bias of sea surface temperature in the tropical Indian and western Pacific oceans in the models. To eliminate the impact of the climatology biases, the climatology of these models is replaced by that of the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis in the verification, and the models reproduce the WPSH's enhancement and westward extension after the late 1970s. According to assessment of the simulated WPSH indices, it is found that some models (CNRM-CM5, FGOALS-g2, FIO-ESM, MIROC-ESM, and MPI-ESMP) are better than others in simulating WPSH. Then, the ensemble mean of these better models is used to project the future changes of WPSH under three representative concentration pathway scenarios (RCP8.5, RCP4.5, and RCP2.6). The WPSH enlarges, strengthens, and extends westward under all the scenarios, with the largest linear growth trend projected in RCP8.5, smallest in RCP2.6, and in between in RCP4.5; while the ridge line of WPSH shows no obvious long-term trend. These results may have implications for the attribution and prediction of climate variations and changes in East Asia. C1 [Liu Yunyun; Li Weijing; Zuo Jinqing] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Lab Climate Studies, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Hu Zeng-Zhen] NCEP NWS NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Liu, YY (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Lab Climate Studies, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM liuyuny@cma.gov.cn RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011 OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400 FU National (Key) Basic Research and Development (973) Program of China [2010CB950501, 2013CB430202]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41005037]; China Meteorological Administration Special Public Welfare Research Fund [GYHY201306024, GYHY201306033] FX Supported by the National (Key) Basic Research and Development (973) Program of China (2010CB950501 and 2013CB430202), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41005037), and China Meteorological Administration Special Public Welfare Research Fund (GYHY201306024 and GYHY201306033). NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 2095-6037 EI 2198-0934 J9 J METEOROL RES-PRC JI J. Meteorol. Res. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 28 IS 3 BP 327 EP 340 DI 10.1007/s13351-014-3151-2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AL8GK UT WOS:000339375900001 ER PT J AU Sen, A AF Sen, Avery TI Totally radical: From transformative research to transformative innovation SO SCIENCE AND PUBLIC POLICY LA English DT Article DE transformative research; innovation systems; research evaluation ID SCIENCE; POLICY AB The National Science Board and the US Congress want more federal research to be transformative research. Until now, discussion of what this really means has mostly focused on research, per se, and has not addressed innovation as a complex system. 'Transformation' describes changes in society and the economy, not merely changes in science and technology. It entails connections among individuals, institutions, and between research, development, and nascent applications. Serious efforts to transform are totally radical: they span the totality of the innovative process to produce actually radical outcomes, rather than maintain potentially radical activities. Transformative innovation is specifically organized to realize concrete visions of change beyond the research community. Programs that seek to do this cannot rely upon faith in serendipity, but must be strategic. They cannot avoid politics, but must embrace it. Being totally radical about innovation means creating the social conditions within which new technologies can thrive. C1 [Sen, Avery] George Washington Univ, Trachtenberg Sch Publ Policy & Publ Adm, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Sen, Avery] NOAA, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Sen, A (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Trachtenberg Sch Publ Policy & Publ Adm, Washington, DC 20006 USA. EM avery.sen@noaa.gov NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0302-3427 EI 1471-5430 J9 SCI PUBL POLICY JI Sci. Public Policy PD JUN PY 2014 VL 41 IS 3 BP 344 EP 358 DI 10.1093/scipol/sct065 PG 15 WC Management; Planning & Development; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA AL9GR UT WOS:000339449100008 ER PT J AU Hoffman, JE Ravets, S Grover, JA Solano, P Kordell, PR Wong-Campos, JD Orozco, LA Rolston, SL AF Hoffman, J. E. Ravets, S. Grover, J. A. Solano, P. Kordell, P. R. Wong-Campos, J. D. Orozco, L. A. Rolston, S. L. TI Ultrahigh transmission optical nanofibers SO AIP ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID TAPERED FIBERS; NEUTRAL ATOMS; FABRICATION; DIAMETER; TRANSMITTANCE; SPECTROSCOPY; COUPLERS; CAVITY; MODES AB We present a procedure for reproducibly fabricating ultrahigh transmission optical nanofibers (530 nm diameter and 84 mm stretch) with single-mode transmissions of 99.95 +/- 0.02%, which represents a loss from tapering of 2.6 x 10(-5) dB/mm when normalized to the entire stretch. When controllably launching the next family of higher-order modes on a fiber with 195 mm stretch, we achieve a transmission of 97.8 +/- 2.8%, which has a loss from tapering of 5.0 x 10(-4) dB/mm when normalized to the entire stretch. Our pulling and transfer procedures allow us to fabricate optical nanofibers that transmitmore than 400 mW in high vacuum conditions. These results, published as parameters in our previous work, present an improvement of two orders of magnitude less loss for the fundamental mode and an increase in transmission of more than 300% for higher-order modes, when following the protocols detailed in this paper. We extract from the transmission during the pull, the only reported spectrogram of a fundamental mode launch that does not include excitation to asymmetric modes; in stark contrast to a pull in which our cleaning protocol is not followed. These results depend critically on the pre-pull cleanliness and when properly following our pulling protocols are in excellent agreement with simulations. (C) 2014 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Hoffman, J. E.; Ravets, S.; Grover, J. A.; Solano, P.; Kordell, P. R.; Wong-Campos, J. D.; Orozco, L. A.; Rolston, S. L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hoffman, J. E.; Ravets, S.; Grover, J. A.; Solano, P.; Kordell, P. R.; Wong-Campos, J. D.; Orozco, L. A.; Rolston, S. L.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ravets, S.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Opt, Lab Charles Fabry, F-91127 Palaiseau, France. RP Rolston, SL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rolston@umd.edu RI Solano, Pablo/H-5696-2013; rolston, steven/L-5175-2013 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190 FU National Science Foundation of the USA through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute, Army Research Office Atomtronics MURI; Fulbright Foundation; Maryland NanoCenter and its NispLab FX Work supported by National Science Foundation of the USA through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute, Army Research Office Atomtronics MURI, and S. R. thanks the Fulbright Foundation for support. We acknowledge the support of the Maryland NanoCenter and its NispLab. We would like to thank Fredrik Fatemi and Guy Beadie for their major contributions to the higher-order mode studies and Prof. A. Rauschenbeutel for his support and interest in this project. NR 47 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2158-3226 J9 AIP ADV JI AIP Adv. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 4 IS 6 AR 067124 DI 10.1063/1.4879799 PG 16 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AL2ZW UT WOS:000338995700025 ER PT J AU Clark, NJ Raththagala, M Wright, NT Buenger, EA Schildbach, JF Krueger, S Curtis, JE AF Clark, Nicholas J. Raththagala, Madushi Wright, Nathan T. Buenger, Elizabeth A. Schildbach, Joel F. Krueger, Susan Curtis, Joseph E. TI Structures of TraI in solution SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MODELING LA English DT Article DE DNA conjugation; Homology modeling; Monte Carlo; SANS; SAXS; Small-angle scattering; TraI ID SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HELICASE-I; STRUCTURE PREDICTION; GENE-TRANSFER; RELAXASE; BINDING; ORIT AB Bacterial conjugation, a DNA transfer mechanism involving transport of one plasmid strand from donor to recipient, is driven by plasmid-encoded proteins. The F TraI protein nicks one F plasmid strand, separates cut and uncut strands, and pilots the cut strand through a secretion pore into the recipient. TraI is a modular protein with identifiable nickase, ssDNA-binding, helicase and protein-protein interaction domains. While domain structures corresponding to roughly 1/3 of TraI have been determined, there has been no comprehensive structural study of the entire TraI molecule, nor an examination of structural changes to TraI upon binding DNA. Here, we combine solution studies using small-angle scattering and circular dichroism spectroscopy with molecular Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations to assess solution behavior of individual and groups of domains. Despite having several long (>100 residues) apparently disordered or highly dynamic regions, TraI folds into a compact molecule. Based on the biophysical characterization, we have generated models of intact TraI. These data and the resulting models have provided clues to the regulation of TraI function. C1 [Clark, Nicholas J.; Krueger, Susan; Curtis, Joseph E.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Raththagala, Madushi] Univ Kentucky, Dept Mol & Cellular Biochem, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. [Wright, Nathan T.] James Madison Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Buenger, Elizabeth A.; Schildbach, Joel F.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Curtis, JE (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.curtis@nist.gov RI Raththagala, Madushi/A-5086-2015 OI Raththagala, Madushi/0000-0002-4513-629X FU National Institute of General Medical Sciences [R01 GM61017]; American Recovery and Reinvestment Act [R01 GM61017]; Dimitri V. d'Arbeloff fellowship; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/K039121/1]; National Science Foundation [CHE-1265821] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences under grant number R01 GM61017, American Recovery and Reinvestment Act under grant number R01 GM61017, and the Dimitri V. d'Arbeloff fellowship. This work benefitted from CCP-SAS software developed through a joint Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/K039121/1) and National Science Foundation (CHE-1265821) grant. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1610-2940 EI 0948-5023 J9 J MOL MODEL JI J. Mol. Model. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 20 IS 6 AR 2308 DI 10.1007/s00894-014-2308-3 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry; Computer Science GA AK7UC UT WOS:000338632200004 PM 24898939 ER PT J AU Michailidou, EK Assael, MJ Huber, ML Abdulagatov, IM Perkins, RA AF Michailidou, E. K. Assael, M. J. Huber, M. L. Abdulagatov, I. M. Perkins, R. A. TI Reference Correlation of the Viscosity of n-Heptane from the Triple Point to 600 K and up to 248 MPa SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE critical phenomena; n-heptane; transport properties; viscosity ID BINARY-LIQUID MIXTURES; EXCESS MOLAR VOLUMES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; PLUS HEPTANE; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; DYNAMIC VISCOSITIES; NORMAL-ALKANES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS AB This paper contains a new wide-ranging correlation for the viscosity of n-heptane based on critically evaluated experimental data. The correlation is valid from the triple point (182.55 K) to 600 K, and at pressures up to 248 MPa. The estimated uncertainty at a 95% confidence level is 3.5% over the whole range (with the exception of the near-critical region). Along the saturated liquid curve, the estimated uncertainty is 1% below 292 K, 0.6% in the region from 292 to 346 K, rising to 2% between 346 and 363 K, and 0.3% for the low-density gas at temperatures from 317 to 600 K and pressures to 0.3 MPa. (C) 2014 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. C1 [Michailidou, E. K.; Assael, M. J.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. [Huber, M. L.; Abdulagatov, I. M.; Perkins, R. A.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Huber, ML (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM marcia.huber@nist.gov FU International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the partial financial support of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Finally, the authors thank Mr. Konstantino Mylona for his help in translating Russian papers. NR 150 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 EI 1529-7845 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD JUN PY 2014 VL 43 IS 2 AR 023103 DI 10.1063/1.4875930 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA AL3DD UT WOS:000339004700003 ER PT J AU Hanakata, PZ Douglas, JF Starr, FW AF Hanakata, Paul Z. Douglas, Jack F. Starr, Francis W. TI Interfacial mobility scale determines the scale of collective motion and relaxation rate in polymer films SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; POTENTIAL-ENERGY LANDSCAPE; COOPERATIVE MOTION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FREE-SURFACE; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID; FORMING LIQUIDS; LENGTH SCALES; MODEL AB Thin polymer films are ubiquitous in manufacturing and medical applications, and there has been intense interest in how film thickness and substrate interactions influence film dynamics. It is appreciated that a polymer-air interfacial layer with enhanced mobility plays an important role in the observed changes and recent studies suggest that the length scale x of this interfacial layer is related to film relaxation. In the context of the Adam-Gibbs and random first-order transition models of glass formation, these results provide indirect evidence for a relation between xi and the scale of collective molecular motion. Here we report direct evidence for a proportionality between xi and the average length L of string-like particle displacements in simulations of polymer films supported on substrates with variable interaction strength and rigidity. This relation explicitly links xi to the theoretical scale of cooperatively rearranging regions, offering a promising route to experimentally determine this scale of cooperative motion. C1 [Hanakata, Paul Z.; Starr, Francis W.] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Starr, FW (reprint author), Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. EM fstarr@wesleyan.edu RI Starr, Francis/C-7703-2012 FU ACS-PRF [51983-ND7] FX We thank B. Pazmino Betancourt and D. Simmons for many helpful comments and discussions. P.Z.H. and F. W. S. acknowledge support from ACS-PRF grant 51983-ND7. NR 58 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 6 U2 58 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 5 AR 4163 DI 10.1038/ncomms5163 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AL0TA UT WOS:000338838500019 PM 24932594 ER PT J AU Negron-Juarez, RI Chambers, JQ Hurtt, GC Annane, B Cocke, S Powell, M Stott, M Goosem, S Metcalfe, DJ Saatchi, SS AF Negron-Juarez, Robinson I. Chambers, Jeffrey Q. Hurtt, George C. Annane, Bachir Cocke, Stephen Powell, Mark Stott, Michael Goosem, Stephen Metcalfe, Daniel J. Saatchi, Sassan S. TI Remote Sensing Assessment of Forest Disturbance across Complex Mountainous Terrain: The Pattern and Severity of Impacts of Tropical Cyclone Yasi on Australian Rainforests SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE multispectral data; complex mountainous terrain; tropical rainforests; tropical cyclones; forest disturbance ID NORTHEAST AUSTRALIA; CATASTROPHIC WIND; LANDSAT DATA; WET TROPICS; MODIS; DAMAGE; REFLECTANCE; LANDSCAPE; LARRY; HURRICANES AB Topography affects the patterns of forest disturbance produced by tropical cyclones. It determines the degree of exposure of a surface and can alter wind characteristics. Whether multispectral remote sensing data can sense the effect of topography on disturbance is a question that deserves attention given the multi-scale spatial coverage of these data and the projected increase in intensity of the strongest cyclones. Here, multispectral satellite data, topographic maps and cyclone surface wind data were used to study the patterns of disturbance in an Australian rainforest with complex mountainous terrain produced by tropical cyclone Yasi (2011). The cyclone surface wind data (H*wind) was produced by the Hurricane Research Division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (HRD/NOAA), and this was the first time that this data was produced for a cyclone outside of United States territory. A disturbance map was obtained by applying spectral mixture analyses on satellite data and presented a significant correlation with field-measured tree mortality. Our results showed that, consistent with cyclones in the southern hemisphere, multispectral data revealed that forest disturbance was higher on the left side of the cyclone track. The highest level of forest disturbance occurred in forests along the path of the cyclone track (+/- 30 degrees). Levels of forest disturbance decreased with decreasing slope and with an aspect facing off the track of the cyclone or away from the dominant surface winds. An increase in disturbance with surface elevation was also observed. However, areas affected by the same wind intensity presented increased levels of disturbance with increasing elevation suggesting that complex terrain interactions act to speed up wind at higher elevations. Yasi produced an important offset to Australia's forest carbon sink in 2010. We concluded that multispectral data was sensitive to the main effects of complex topography on disturbance patterns. High resolution cyclone wind surface data are needed in order to quantify the effects of topographic accelerations on cyclone related forest disturbances. C1 [Negron-Juarez, Robinson I.; Chambers, Jeffrey Q.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Climate Sci Dept, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Negron-Juarez, Robinson I.] Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Hurtt, George C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Annane, Bachir] Univ Miami, CIMAS, Coral Gables, FL 33149 USA. [Cocke, Stephen] Florida State Univ, COAPS, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Powell, Mark] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Stott, Michael; Goosem, Stephen] Wet Trop Management Author, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. [Metcalfe, Daniel J.] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci EcoSci Precinct, Dutton Pk, Qld 4102, Australia. [Saatchi, Sassan S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Negron-Juarez, RI (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Climate Sci Dept, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 50-4037, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM robinson.inj@lbl.gov; jchambers@lbl.gov; gchurtt@umd.edu; Bachir.Annane@noaa.gov; scocke@fsu.edu; Mark.Powell@noaa.gov; mike.stott@wtma.qld.gov.au; steve.goosem@wtma.qld.gov.au; dan.metcalfe@csiro.au; Sasan.S.Saatchi@jpl.nasa.gov RI Metcalfe, Daniel/G-3305-2010; Chambers, Jeffrey/J-9021-2014; Powell, Mark/I-4963-2013; Annane, Bachir/A-3399-2017; Negron-Juarez, Robinson/I-6289-2016 OI Metcalfe, Daniel/0000-0001-6853-7072; Chambers, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3983-7847; Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945; FU NASA-IDS [NNX10AP11G]; DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02- 05CH11231] FX We thank the four anonymous reviewers and one External editor for their valuable comments on our manuscript. Funding from a NASA-IDS (NNX10AP11G) grant to the University of Maryland with a subcontract to Tulane University, and DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research (Contract No. DE-AC02- 05CH11231), under the Climate and Earth System Modeling Program, supported the work presented here. The authors also thank to Sonya Jeffrey, Douglas Jeffrey and Ernie Grant (INGAN Pty Ltd, http://www.ingan.com.au) and to Mr. Noel and Mrs. Dot Barrow (A Tropical Scape B&B, http://www.atropicalescape.com/) for all the logistic support. RINJ thank the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of their Regional and Global Climate Modeling (RGCM) Program. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 25 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 6 IS 6 BP 5633 EP 5649 DI 10.3390/rs6065633 PG 17 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AK9RB UT WOS:000338763300043 ER PT J AU Waples, RS Antao, T Luikart, G AF Waples, Robin S. Antao, Tiago Luikart, Gordon TI Effects of Overlapping Generations on Linkage Disequilibrium Estimates of Effective Population Size SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID AGE-STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; SINGLE-SAMPLE; GENETIC-MARKERS; N-E; CONSERVATION; EVOLUTION; ABUNDANCE; PROGRAM; SIMUPOP; NUMBERS AB Use of single-sample genetic methods to estimate effective population size has skyrocketed in recent years. Although the underlying models assume discrete generations, they are widely applied to age-structured species. We simulated genetic data for 21 iteroparous animal and plant species to evaluate two untested hypotheses regarding performance of the single-sample method based on linkage disequilibrium (LD): (1) estimates based on single-cohort samples reflect the effective number of breeders in one reproductive cycle (N-b), and (2) mixed-age samples reflect the effective size per generation (N-e). We calculated true N-e and N-b, using the model species' vital rates, and verified these with individual-based simulations. We show that single-cohort samples should be equally influenced by N-b and N-e and confirm this with simulated results: (N) over cap (b) was a linear (r(2) = 0.98) function of the harmonic mean of N-e and N-b. We provide a quantitative bias correction for raw (N) over cap (b) based on the ratio N-b/N-e, which can be estimated from two or three simple life history traits. Bias-adjusted estimates were within 5% of true N-b for all 21 study species and proved robust when challenged with new data. Mixed-age adult samples produced downwardly biased estimates in all species, which we attribute to a two-locus Wahlund effect (mixture LD) caused by combining parents from different cohorts in a single sample. Results from this study will facilitate interpretation of rapidly accumulating genetic estimates in terms of both N-e (which influences long-term evolutionary processes) and N-b (which is more important for understanding eco-evolutionary dynamics and mating systems). C1 [Waples, Robin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Antao, Tiago] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Vector Biol Dept, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. [Luikart, Gordon] Univ Montana, Fish & Wildlife Genom Grp, Div Biol Sci, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov RI Antao, Tiago/C-3615-2009; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 OI Antao, Tiago/0000-0002-7269-5513; FU National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (Durham, NC); National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (Santa Barbara, CA); US National Science Foundation [DEB-1258203, DEB-1067613]; Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks; Sir Henry Wellcome Postdoctoral Fellowship FX We thank David Tallmon, Dave Gregovich, and Andres Perez-Figueroa for helping to initiate this project; Joe Felsenstein, Bill Hill, and John Sved for useful discussions; and two anonymous reviewers for useful comments. This work originated within the Genetic Monitoring Working Group, jointly supported by the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (Durham, NC) and the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (Santa Barbara, CA). G.L. was supported in part by funding from US National Science Foundation grants DEB-1258203 and DEB-1067613 and Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks; and T.A. was supported by a Sir Henry Wellcome Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 48 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 71 PU GENETICS SOCIETY AMERICA PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 EI 1943-2631 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JUN PY 2014 VL 197 IS 2 BP 769 EP U603 DI 10.1534/genetics.114.164822 PG 25 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AK8RZ UT WOS:000338697000028 PM 24717176 ER PT J AU Jarret, M Jordan, SP AF Jarret, Michael Jordan, Stephen P. TI The fundamental gap for a class of Schrodinger operators on path and hypercube graphs (vol 55, 052104, 2014) SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Jarret, Michael] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jordan, Stephen P.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jarret, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mjarret@umd.edu; stephen.jordan@nist.gov OI Jarret, Michael/0000-0003-4061-3509 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 EI 1089-7658 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 55 IS 6 AR 069901 DI 10.1063/1.4883655 PG 1 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA AK7UZ UT WOS:000338634500036 ER PT J AU Hwang, CC Tour, JJ Kittrell, C Espinal, L Alemany, LB Tour, JM AF Hwang, Chih-Chau Tour, Josiah J. Kittrell, Carter Espinal, Laura Alemany, Lawrence B. Tour, James M. TI Capturing carbon dioxide as a polymer from natural gas SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ADSORPTION; CO2; HYDROGEN; PERFORMANCE; NANOTUBES; STORAGE AB Natural gas is considered the cleanest and recently the most abundant fossil fuel source, yet when it is extracted from wells, it often contains 10-20 mol% carbon dioxide (20-40 wt%), which is generally vented to the atmosphere. Efforts are underway to contain this carbon dioxide at the well-head using inexpensive and non-corrosive methods. Here we report nucleophilic porous carbons are synthesized from simple and inexpensive carbon-sulphur and carbon-nitrogen precursors. Infrared, Raman and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance signatures substantiate carbon dioxide fixation by polymerization in the carbon channels to form poly(CO2) under much lower pressures than previously required. This growing chemisorbed sulphur- or nitrogen-atom-initiated poly(CO2) chain further displaces physisorbed hydrocarbon, providing a continuous carbon dioxide selectivity. Once returned to ambient conditions, the poly(CO2) spontaneously depolymerizes, leading to a sorbent that can be easily regenerated without the thermal energy input that is required for traditional sorbents. C1 [Hwang, Chih-Chau; Tour, Josiah J.; Alemany, Lawrence B.; Tour, James M.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Kittrell, Carter; Alemany, Lawrence B.; Tour, James M.] Rice Univ, Richard E Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Espinal, Laura] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Alemany, Lawrence B.] Rice Univ, Shared Equipment Author, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Tour, James M.] Rice Univ, Dept Mat Sci & NanoEngn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Tour, JM (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Chem, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM tour@rice.edu FU Apache Corporation; NIST FX We thank G. Ruan, C. Xiang and Z. Peng for imaging. The work at Rice University was funded by Apache Corporation. The work at NIST was funded by NIST. Certain commercial materials, equipment, or processes are identified in the paper only to facilitate understanding. In no case does identification imply recommendation by NIST nor does it imply that the material, equipment, or process identified is necessarily the best available for this purpose. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 61 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 5 AR 3961 DI 10.1038/ncomms4961 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AL0RK UT WOS:000338834200004 PM 24892923 ER PT J AU Jayakumar, H Predojevic, A Kauten, T Huber, T Solomon, GS Weihs, G AF Jayakumar, Harishankar Predojevic, Ana Kauten, Thomas Huber, Tobias Solomon, Glenn S. Weihs, Gregor TI Time-bin entangled photons from a quantum dot SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID LINEAR OPTICS; COMMUNICATION; PAIRS AB Long-distance quantum communication is one of the prime goals in the field of quantum information science. With information encoded in the quantum state of photons, existing telecommunication fibre networks can be effectively used as a transport medium. To achieve this goal, a source of robust entangled single-photon pairs is required. Here we report the realization of a source of time-bin entangled photon pairs utilizing the biexciton-exciton cascade in a III/V self-assembled quantum dot. We analyse the generated photon pairs by an inherently phase-stable interferometry technique, facilitating uninterrupted long integration times. We confirm the entanglement by performing quantum state tomography of the emitted photons, which yields a fidelity of 0.69(3) and a concurrence of 0.41(6) for our realization of time-energy entanglement from a single quantum emitter. C1 [Jayakumar, Harishankar; Predojevic, Ana; Kauten, Thomas; Huber, Tobias; Weihs, Gregor] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. [Weihs, Gregor] Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Predojevic, A (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, Tech Str 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM ana.predojevic@uibk.ac.at RI Predojevic, Ana/D-5884-2014; Weihs, Gregor/G-2564-2013 OI Predojevic, Ana/0000-0003-1840-0830; Weihs, Gregor/0000-0003-2260-3008 FU European Research Council; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research through its Quantum Information Processing program; Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute (PFC@JQI) FX This work was funded by the European Research Council (project EnSeNa) and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research through its Quantum Information Processing program. G.S.S. acknowledges partial support through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute (PFC@JQI). NR 30 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 35 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 5 AR 4251 DI 10.1038/ncomms5251 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AL0TT UT WOS:000338840400010 PM 24968024 ER PT J AU Xu, T Lezec, HJ AF Xu, Ting Lezec, Henri J. TI Visible-frequency asymmetric transmission devices incorporating a hyperbolic metamaterial SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ONE-WAY TRANSMISSION; NEGATIVE REFRACTION; DIFFRACTION LIMIT; OPTICAL HYPERLENS; TRANSITIONS; GRATINGS; ISOLATOR; LIGHT; SLIT AB Asymmetric electromagnetic transmission has been recently demonstrated using Lorentz-reciprocal devices, which exploit a variety of patterned structures of linear materials to break spatial inversion symmetry. However, nanofabrication challenges have so far precluded the fabrication of passive transmission structures with highly asymmetric responses at visible frequencies. Here we show that high-contrast asymmetric transmission of visible light can be provided by a planar device of wavelength-scale thickness incorporating a pair of nonsymmetric subwavelength gratings and a passive hyperbolic metamaterial engineered to display a transmission window centred at a lateral spatial frequency substantially exceeding the diffraction limit. Fabricated devices designed for operation at central wavelengths of 532 and 633 nm, respectively, display broadband, efficient asymmetric optical transmission with contrast ratios exceeding 14 dB. Owing to its planar configuration, small footprint and passive operation, this reciprocal transmission approach holds promise for integration within compact optical systems operating at visible frequencies. C1 [Xu, Ting; Lezec, Henri J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Ting] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nano Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lezec, HJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Maryland Nano Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM henri.lezec@nist.gov RI Xu, Ting/D-3921-2013 OI Xu, Ting/0000-0002-2008-7049 FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology [70NANB10H193] FX We thank A. Liddle, K. Srinivasan, A. Agrawal for discussions. T.X. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, award no. 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 37 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 8 U2 82 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 5 AR 4141 DI 10.1038/ncomms5141 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AL0SZ UT WOS:000338838400018 PM 24936801 ER PT J AU Muller-Karger, FE Kavanaugh, MT Montes, E Balch, WM Breitbart, M Chavez, FP Doney, SC Johns, EM Letelier, RM Lomas, MW Sosik, HM White, AE AF Muller-Karger, Frank E. Kavanaugh, Maria T. Montes, Enrique Balch, William M. Breitbart, Mya Chavez, Francisco P. Doney, Scott C. Johns, Elizabeth M. Letelier, Ricardo M. Lomas, Michael W. Sosik, Heidi M. White, Angelicque E. TI A Framework for a Marine Biodiversity Observing Network Within Changing Continental Shelf Seascapes SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; TROPHIC CASCADES; GLOBAL OCEAN; DNA C1 [Muller-Karger, Frank E.; Montes, Enrique; Breitbart, Mya] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Kavanaugh, Maria T.; Doney, Scott C.; Sosik, Heidi M.] WHOI, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Balch, William M.; Lomas, Michael W.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME USA. [Chavez, Francisco P.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Johns, Elizabeth M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA. [Letelier, Ricardo M.; White, Angelicque E.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Muller-Karger, FE (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM carib@usf.edu RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Breitbart, Mya/B-1366-2009; Johns, Elizabeth/I-3547-2013; Letelier, Ricardo/A-6953-2009; OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Breitbart, Mya/0000-0003-3210-2899; Johns, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2181-5052; Letelier, Ricardo/0000-0003-3376-4026; Sosik, Heidi/0000-0002-4591-2842; Lomas, Michael/0000-0003-1209-3753; Kavanaugh, Maria/0000-0001-6126-6177 NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 15 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2014 VL 27 IS 2 SI SI BP 18 EP 23 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AK9PG UT WOS:000338758400006 ER PT J AU Embley, RW Tamura, Y Merle, SG Sato, T Ishizuka, O Chadwick, WW Wiens, DA Shore, P Stern, RJ AF Embley, Robert W. Tamura, Yoshihiko Merle, Susan G. Sato, Tomoki Ishizuka, Osamu Chadwick, William W., Jr. Wiens, Douglas A. Shore, Patrick Stern, Robert J. TI Eruption of South Sarigan Seamount, Northern Mariana Islands Insights into Hazards from Submarine Volcanic Eruptions SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ARC; VOLCANOLOGY; GENERATION; TSUNAMIS; GREECE; MAGMAS; WATER; SEA AB The eruption of South Sarigan Seamount in the southern Mariana arc in May 2010 is a reminder of how little we know about the hazards associated with submarine explosive eruptions or how to predict these types of eruptions. Monitored by local seismometers and distant hydrophones, the eruption from 200 m water depth produced a gas and ash plume that breached the sea surface and rose 12 km into the atmosphere. This is one of the first instances for which a wide range of pre-and post-eruption observations allow characterization of such an event on a shallow submarine volcanic arc volcano. Comparison of bathymetric surveys before and after the eruptions of the South Sarigan Seamount reveals the eruption produced a 350 m diameter crater, deeply breached on the west side, and a broad apron downslope with deposits > 50 m thick. The breached summit crater formed within a pre-eruption dome-shaped summit composed of andesite lavas. Dives with the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Hyper-Dolphin remotely operated vehicle sampled the wall of the crater and the downslope deposits, which consist of andesite lava blocks lying on pumiceous gravel and sand. Chemical analyses show that the andesite pumice is probably juvenile material from the eruption. The unexpected eruption of this seamount, one of many poorly studied shallow seamounts of comparable size along the Mariana and other volcanic arcs, underscores our lack of understanding of submarine hazards associated with submarine volcanism. C1 [Embley, Robert W.] Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Newport, OR USA. [Tamura, Yoshihiko] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. [Merle, Susan G.; Chadwick, William W., Jr.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR USA. [Ishizuka, Osamu] Adv Ind Sci & Technol Agcy, Geol Survey Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Wiens, Douglas A.; Shore, Patrick] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Stern, Robert J.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. RP Embley, RW (reprint author), Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Newport, OR USA. EM robert.w.embley@noaa.gov FU Earth Oceans Interaction Program; NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research; JAMSTEC; JSPS [23340166] FX We are grateful to the NOAA Vents Program (now Earth Oceans Interaction Program) and the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research for long-term funding support of the Mariana arc explorations. JAMSTEC provided funding for Y. Tamura, the Hyper-Dolphin ROV dives, and the support vessel Natsushima. This work was supported in part by the JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research [(B) (23340166)]. The 2002 and 2013 mapping cruises were supported by the National Science Foundation (2013 cruise OCE-0841074). We thank the crews and science teams on the research vessels T.G. Thompson, Ewing, Melville, and Natsushima for their hard work at sea. We are grateful to J. White, M. Perfit, G. McGimsey, and J. Chaytor for their helpful reviews and C. Searcy and D.N. Greene for informative discussions about the history of seismic and hydroacoustic monitoring in the southern Mariana arc. PMEL contribution number 4139. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2014 VL 27 IS 2 SI SI BP 24 EP 31 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AK9PG UT WOS:000338758400007 ER PT J AU Winter, AD Jaye, C Fischer, D Omastova, M Campo, EM AF Winter, A. D. Jaye, C. Fischer, D. Omastova, M. Campo, E. M. TI Prestrain relaxation in non-covalently modified ethylene-vinyl acetate vertical bar PyChol vertical bar multiwall carbon nanotube nanocomposites SO APL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; CATCH-BONDS; POLYMER; COMPOSITES; ADHESION AB Effects of aging on chemical structure and molecular dynamic behaviour of strained thermally active ethylene-vinyl acetate vertical bar multiwall carbon nanotube (EVA vertical bar MWCNT) composites were investigated by spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. Aged composites showed spatial inhomogeneity due to system relaxation. Inhomogeneity is attributed to segregation of non-covalently linked cholestryl 1-pyrenecarboxylate, acting as MWCNT dispersant and polymer compatibilizer. Analysis of molecular interplay between filler and matrix upon in situ temperature variation showed a lack of synchronicity, which had been observed in fresh composites. Reduced synchronous interplay allowed quantification of degraded p-p interactions, promoting PyChol unlatching as a result of both sonication and strained-derived p-p degradation. (C) 2014 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Winter, A. D.; Campo, E. M.] Bangor Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Bangor LL57 1UT, Gwynedd, Wales. [Jaye, C.; Fischer, D.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Omastova, M.] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Polymer, SK-84541 Bratislava, Slovakia. RP Campo, EM (reprint author), Bangor Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Bangor LL57 1UT, Gwynedd, Wales. EM e.campo@bangor.ac.uk FU National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Research was carried out in part at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. This project was partially founded by FP7 VEGA 2/0149/14 and NMP 22896. Certain commercial names are presented in this manuscript for purposes of illustration and do not constitute an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The authors acknowledge K. Czanikova for assistance in composite synthesis, F. A. Alamgir and C. R. Weiland for helpful discussions on the realm of synchrotron spectroscopy. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2166-532X J9 APL MATER JI APL Mater. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 2 IS 6 AR 066105 DI 10.1063/1.4884216 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AK7UH UT WOS:000338632700005 ER PT J AU Ren, XR Luke, WT Kelley, P Cohen, M Ngan, F Artz, R Walker, J Brooks, S Moore, C Swartzendruber, P Bauer, D Remeika, J Hynes, A Dibb, J Rolison, J Krishnamurthy, N Landing, WM Hecobian, A Shook, J Huey, LG AF Ren, Xinrong Luke, Winston T. Kelley, Paul Cohen, Mark Ngan, Fong Artz, Richard Walker, Jake Brooks, Steve Moore, Christopher Swartzendruber, Phil Bauer, Dieter Remeika, James Hynes, Anthony Dibb, Jack Rolison, John Krishnamurthy, Nishanth Landing, William M. Hecobian, Arsineh Shook, Jeffery Huey, L. Greg TI Mercury Speciation at a Coastal Site in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: Results from the Grand Bay Intensive Studies in Summer 2010 and Spring 2011 SO ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE atmospheric mercury; gaseous elemental mercury; gaseous oxidized mercury; particulate-bound mercury; Gulf of Mexico; principal component analysis; HYSPLIT ID GASEOUS ELEMENTAL MERCURY; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT; AMBIENT AIR; LEAD 210; DEPLETION; POLLUTION; OZONE; OXIDATION; EXPOSURE AB During two intensive studies in summer 2010 and spring 2011, measurements of mercury species including gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM), and particulate-bound mercury (PBM), trace chemical species including O-3, SO2, CO, NO, NOY, and black carbon, and meteorological parameters were made at an Atmospheric Mercury Network (AMNet) site at the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR) in Moss Point, Mississippi. Surface measurements indicate that the mean mercury concentrations were 1.42 +/- 0.12 ng.m(-3) for GEM, 5.4 +/- 10.2 pg.m(-3) for GOM, and 3.1 +/- 1.9 pg.m(-3) for PBM during the summer 2010 intensive and 1.53 +/- 0.11 ng.m(-3) for GEM, 5.3 +/- 10.2 pg.m(-3) for GOM, and 5.7 +/- 6.2 pg.m(-3) for PBM during the spring 2011 intensive. Elevated daytime GOM levels (>20 pg.m(-3)) were observed on a few days in each study and were usually associated with either elevated O-3 (>50 ppbv), BrO, and solar radiation or elevated SO2 (>a few ppbv) but lower O-3 (similar to 20-40 ppbv). This behavior suggests two potential sources of GOM: photochemical oxidation of GEM and direct emissions of GOM from nearby local sources. Lack of correlation between GOM and Beryllium-7 (Be-7) suggests little influence on surface GOM from downward mixing of GOM from the upper troposphere. These data were analyzed using the HYSPLIT back trajectory model and principal component analysis in order to develop source-receptor relationships for mercury species in this coastal environment. Trajectory frequency analysis shows that high GOM events were generally associated with high frequencies of the trajectories passing through the areas with high mercury emissions, while low GOM levels were largely associated the trajectories passing through relatively clean areas. Principal component analysis also reveals two main factors: direct emission and photochemical processes that were clustered with high GOM and PBM. This study indicates that the receptor site, which is located in a coastal environment of the Gulf of Mexico, experienced impacts from mercury sources that are both local and regional in nature. C1 [Ren, Xinrong; Luke, Winston T.; Kelley, Paul; Cohen, Mark; Ngan, Fong; Artz, Richard; Brooks, Steve] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Ren, Xinrong; Kelley, Paul; Ngan, Fong] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Walker, Jake] Grand Bay Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Moss Point, MS 39562 USA. [Moore, Christopher] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Swartzendruber, Phil; Bauer, Dieter; Remeika, James; Hynes, Anthony] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Dibb, Jack] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Ren, Xinrong; Rolison, John; Krishnamurthy, Nishanth; Landing, William M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Hecobian, Arsineh; Shook, Jeffery; Huey, L. Greg] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Ren, XR (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Xinrong.Ren@noaa.gov; Winston.Luke@noaa.gov; Paul.Kelley@noaa.gov; Mark.Cohen@noaa.gov; Fantine.Ngan@noaa.gov; Richard.Artz@noaa.gov; jakenwalker@yahoo.ca; sbrooks@utsi.edu; Chris.Moore@dri.edu; phils@pscleanair.org; dbauer@rsmas.miami.edu; jremeika@rsmas.miami.edu; ahynes@rsmas.miami.edu; jack.dibb@unh.edu; john.rolison@otago.ac.nz; nkrishnamurthy@fsu.edu; wlanding@fsu.edu; arsineh@engr.colostate.edu; jshook@tmsc.org; Greg.Huey@eas.gatech.edu RI Cohen, Mark/P-6936-2015; Luke, Winston/D-1594-2016; Kelley, Paul/C-9155-2016; Moore, Christopher/E-8448-2012; Ren, Xinrong/E-7838-2015; Ngan, Fong/G-1324-2012; Artz, Richard/P-6371-2015 OI Cohen, Mark/0000-0003-3183-2558; Luke, Winston/0000-0002-1993-2241; Moore, Christopher/0000-0002-6042-5583; Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666; Ngan, Fong/0000-0002-7263-7727; Artz, Richard/0000-0002-1335-0697 FU NOAA [NA09OAR4600198, NA10OAR4600209]; Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under a NOAA FX The authors thank the NOAA Grand Bay NERR for cooperation in facilitating the field studies and the UTSI flight crew for their dedicated work to make the airborne measurements successful. This study was funded by NOAA (NA09OAR4600198 and NA10OAR4600209). Support for this research was also partially provided by the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites agreement funded by NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under a NOAA Cooperative Agreement. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 31 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4433 J9 ATMOSPHERE-BASEL JI Atmosphere PD JUN PY 2014 VL 5 IS 2 BP 230 EP 251 DI 10.3390/atmos5020230 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AK8GP UT WOS:000338665800005 ER PT J AU Putman, NF Meinke, AM Noakes, DLG AF Putman, Nathan F. Meinke, Amanda M. Noakes, David L. G. TI Rearing in a distorted magnetic field disrupts the 'map sense' of juvenile steelhead trout SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE magnetic map; navigation; trout; salmon ID SEA-TURTLES; ORIENTATION; NAVIGATION; PACIFIC; COMPASS AB We used simulated magnetic displacements to test orientation preferences of juvenile steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to magnetic fields existing at the northernmost and southernmost boundaries of their oceanic range. Fish reared in natural magnetic conditions distinguished between these two fields by orienting in opposite directions, with headings that would lead fish towards marine foraging grounds. However, fish reared in a spatially distorted magnetic field failed to distinguish between the experimental fields and were randomly oriented. The non-uniform field in which fish were reared is probably typical of fields that many hatchery fish encounter due to magnetic distortions associated with the infrastructure of aquaculture. Given that the reduced navigational abilities we observed could negatively influence marine survival, homing ability and hatchery efficiency, we recommend further study on the implications of rearing salmonids in unnatural magnetic fields. C1 [Putman, Nathan F.; Noakes, David L. G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Putman, Nathan F.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Meinke, Amanda M.; Noakes, David L. G.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Oregon Hatchery Res Ctr, Alsea, OR 97324 USA. RP Putman, NF (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM nathan.putman@gmail.com FU Oregon Sea Grant; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife FX Financial support of this study was provided by Oregon Sea Grant and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 EI 1744-957X J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 10 IS 6 AR 20140169 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2014.0169 PG 5 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AK3UZ UT WOS:000338351500003 ER PT J AU Pawlowiez, R Morey, JS Darius, HT Chinain, M Van Dolah, FM AF Pawlowiez, R. Morey, J. S. Darius, H. T. Chinain, M. Van Dolah, F. M. TI Transcriptome sequencing reveals single domain Type I-like polyketide synthases in the toxic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus polynesiensis SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Gambierdiscus polynesiensis; Dinoflagellate; Toxin biosynthesis; Transcriptomic analysis; Polyketide synthase; Fatty acid ID KARENIA-BREVIS; CIGUATOXIN CTX3C; CRYPTHECODINIUM-COHNII; ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; CIGUATERA; EUROPE; GENOME; FISH; DINOPHYCEAE; METABOLITES AB Ciguatoxins (CTXs) are potent neurotoxins responsible for the food-borne illness known as ciguatera that occurs after consumption of contaminated fish. Benthic dinoflagellates of the genus Gambierdiscus spp. are known as the main producers of CTXs. CTXs are polycyclic polyethers, presumed to be synthesized by polyketide synthase (PKS) complexes; however, the mechanisms of CTX biosynthesis remain unresolved. Here, we investigated a de nova transcriptome assembly of Gambierdiscus polynesiensis TB-92 clone, a highly toxic producer of Pacific ciguatoxins, and focused on the identification of PKS transcripts. A cDNA library generated using a spliced leader (SL) priming approach, which specifically targets the dinoflagellate nuclear transcriptome, was sequenced by Roche 454. This strategy produced 1,221,335 raw reads, assembled into 16,336 unique contigs. Contigs were subjected to BLAST search, annotated with Gene Ontology (GO) terms and enriched with enzyme codes (EC) from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. Thirty-three PKS-related sequences were thus identified. Twenty-two contigs encoded single domain 13-ketoacyl synthases (KS) with sequence similarity to Type I PKSs, as reported in other dinoflagellates. A conserved motif previously observed near the 5' end of dinoflagellate KS domain transcripts was present in G. polynesiensis, and distinguished two groups of KS domain sequences. Ketoreductase (KR), acyltransferase (AT), and acyl carrier protein (ACP) domains were also found on single domain containing transcripts. KEGG pathway mapping placed three of the KS sequences containing the PKS conserved domain (cd00833) in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. No contigs were found encoding the conserved domains typically found in elongating ketosynthase domains of fatty acid synthases (cd00832, Type I or cd00834, Type II). Contigs mapping to other parts of the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway similarly encoded individual domains, suggesting that fatty acid synthesis takes place in multiprotein complexes. Other than the three KS domains, none of the sequences mapping to the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway overlapped with those annotated as PKSs. These data lend support to the idea that PKSs may contribute to both polyketide and fatty acid synthesis in dinoflagellates. This dataset provides important background to future research in order to understand the complex mechanism of toxin production in this dinoflagellate. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pawlowiez, R.; Darius, H. T.; Chinain, M.] Inst Louis Malarde, Lab Microalgues Tox, EIO UMR241, Papeete 98713, Fr Polynesia. [Morey, J. S.; Van Dolah, F. M.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal & Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Van Dolah, FM (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal & Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM fran.vandolah@noaa.gov RI DARIUS, Helene/J-6163-2015 OI DARIUS, Helene/0000-0002-1184-7034 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Charleston, SC, USA); PhD scholarship; Louis Malarde Institute through a collaborative research FX The authors wish to acknowledge Andre Ung for his technical assistance for the clonal cultures of G. polynesiensis TB-92. The authors are indebted to the Delegation a la Recherche de Polynesie francaise for its financial support through a PhD scholarship to R. Pawlowiez. The work described in this paper was supported by funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Charleston, SC, USA) and from the Louis Malarde Institute through a collaborative research.[SS] NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD JUN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 29 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2014.04.013 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AK7QJ UT WOS:000338622500004 ER PT J AU Morse, E Peng, Y Srinivasan, V Shakarji, C AF Morse, Edward Peng, Yue Srinivasan, Vijay Shakarji, Craig TI Metrological challenges introduced by new tolerancing standards SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Measurement Technology and Intelligent Instruments (ISMTII) CY JUL 01-03, 2013 CL Aachen, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, RWTH Aachen, WZL, IPT, Aachen, PTB Braunschweig, Precis Engn Div DE tolerances; algorithms; coordinate measurement AB The recent release of ISO 14405-1 has provided designers with a richer set of specification tools for the size of part features, so that various functional requirements can be captured with greater fidelity. However, these tools also bring new challenges and pitfalls to an inspector using a coordinate metrology system. A sampling strategy that might have worked well in the past could lead to erroneous results that go undetected when used to evaluate these new specifications. In this paper we investigate how measurement strategies for sampled coordinate metrology systems influence different algorithms for the evaluation of these new specifications. Of particular interest are those specifications where the order statistics of feature cross-sections are required. Here the inspector must decide not only how many points are required for an individual cross-section, but the number and spacing of cross-sections measured on the feature. The results of these decisions are compared with an analytic estimate of the 'true value' of the measurand specified using this new standard. C1 [Morse, Edward; Peng, Yue] UNC Charlotte, Ctr Precis Metrol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Srinivasan, Vijay; Shakarji, Craig] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Morse, E (reprint author), UNC Charlotte, Ctr Precis Metrol, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM emorse@uncc.edu NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 25 IS 6 AR 064001 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/25/6/064001 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AK6UK UT WOS:000338562600003 ER PT J AU Song, J Chu, W Tong, MS Soons, J AF Song, John Chu, Wei Tong, Mingsi Soons, Johannes TI 3D topography measurements on correlation cells-a new approach to forensic ballistics identifications SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Measurement Technology and Intelligent Instruments (ISMTII) CY JUL 01-03, 2013 CL Aachen, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, RWTH Aachen, WZL, IPT, Aachen, PTB Braunschweig, Precis Engn Div DE forensics; ballistic identification; topography measurement; correlation cells; congruent matching cells AB Based on three-dimensional (3D) topography measurements on correlation cells, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed the 'NIST Ballistics Identification System (NBIS)' aimed at accurate ballistics identifications and fast ballistics evidence searches. The 3D topographies are divided into arrays of correlation cells to identify 'valid correlation areas' and eliminate 'invalid correlation areas' from the matching and identification procedure. A 'congruent matching cells' (CMC)' method using three types of identification parameters of the paired correlation cells (cross correlation function maximum CCFmax, spatial registration position in x-y and registration angle theta) is used for high accuracy ballistics identifications. 'Synchronous processing' is proposed for correlating multiple cell pairs at the same time to increase the correlation speed. The proposed NBIS can be used for correlations of both geometrical topographies and optical intensity images. All the correlation parameters and algorithms are in the public domain and subject to open tests. An error rate reporting procedure has been developed that can greatly add to the scientific support for the firearm and toolmark identification specialty, and give confidence to the trier of fact in court proceedings. The NBIS is engineered to employ transparent identification parameters and criteria, statistical models and correlation algorithms. In this way, interoperability between different ballistics identification systems can be more easily achieved. This interoperability will make the NBIS suitable for ballistics identifications and evidence searches with large national databases, such as the National Integrated Ballistic Information Network in the United States. C1 [Song, John; Chu, Wei; Tong, Mingsi; Soons, Johannes] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chu, Wei] XII, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Tong, Mingsi] HIT, Harbin, Peoples R China. RP Song, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM song@nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 25 IS 6 AR 064005 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/25/6/064005 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AK6UK UT WOS:000338562600007 ER PT J AU Kim, SS Rait, A Kim, E Pirollo, KF Nishida, M Farkas, N Dagata, JA Chang, EH AF Kim, Sang-Soo Rait, Antonina Kim, Eric Pirollo, Kathleen F. Nishida, Maki Farkas, Natalia Dagata, John A. Chang, Esther H. TI A Nanoparticle Carrying the p53 Gene Targets Tumors Including Cancer Stem Cells, Sensitizes Glioblastoma to Chemotherapy and Improves Survival SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE glioblastoma multiforme; crossing BBB; tumor/CSC targeting; p53 nanoparticle gene therapy; MGMT down-modulation; CSC apoptosis; chemosensitization ID MALIGNANT GLIOMA-CELLS; O-6-METHYLGUANINE-DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE MGMT; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; PHASE-II TRIAL; DNA-REPAIR; DRUG-RESISTANCE; WILD-TYPE; IN-VIVO; TRANSFECTION EFFICIENCY; TEMOZOLOMIDE RESISTANCE AB Temozolomide (TMZ)-resistance in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has been linked to upregulation of O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Wild-type (wt) p53 was previously shown to down-modulate MGMT. However, p53 therapy for GBM is limited by lack of efficient delivery across the blood brain barrier (BBB). We have developed a systemic nanodelivery platform (scL) for tumor-specific targeting (primary and metastatic), which is currently in multiple clinical trials. This self-assembling nanocomplex is formed by simple mixing of the components in a defined order and a specific ratio. Here, we demonstrate that scL crosses the BBB and efficiently targets GBM, as well as cancer stem cells (CSCs), which have been implicated in recurrence and treatment resistance in many human cancers. Moreover, systemic delivery of scL-p53 down-modulates MGMT and induces apoptosis in intracranial GBM xenografts. The combination of scL-p53 and TMZ increased the antitumor efficacy of TMZ with enhanced survival benefit in a mouse model of highly TMZ-resistant GBM. scL-p53 also sensitized both CSCs and bulk tumor cells to TMZ, increasing apoptosis. These results suggest that combining scL-p53 with standard TMZ treatment could be a more effective therapy for GBM. C1 [Kim, Sang-Soo; Rait, Antonina; Pirollo, Kathleen F.; Chang, Esther H.] Georgetown Univ, Lombardi Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Oncol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Kim, Eric; Nishida, Maki] SynerGene Therapeut Inc, Potomac, MD 20854 USA. [Farkas, Natalia; Dagata, John A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chang, EH (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Lombardi Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Oncol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM change@georgetown.edu FU NCI [5R01CA132012-02]; SynerGene Therapeutics Inc.; NCI Cancer Center Support Grant; U.S. Public Health Service Grant [2P30-CA-51008, 1 S10 RR 15768-01]; National Center for Research Resources, NIH [C06RR14567] FX We thank K Creswell and M. Chen, Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Georgetown University Medical Center, for their technical assistance with flow cytometry. We also thank M. Burns, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, for his helpful technical consultation with executing the stereotactic inoculation. We also thank O.C. Rodriguez and Y.C. Lee, Preclinical Imaging Research Laboratory, Georgetown University Medical Center, for their assistance with MRI imaging and analysis and B. Kallukry for his help in evaluating the tissue sections. This study was supported in part by NCI Grant 5R01CA132012-02 (E.H.C.) and a research grant from SynerGene Therapeutics Inc. (K.F.P.). This study was conducted in part using the Flow Cytometry & Cell Sorting Shared Resource, the Preclinical Imaging Research Laboratory, Microscopy & Imaging Shared Resource, Tissue Culture & Biorepository for Cell Lines and Biofluids Shared Resource, Histopathology & Tissue, and Animal Core Facilities supported by NCI Cancer Center Support Grant and U.S. Public Health Service Grant 2P30-CA-51008 and 1 S10 RR 15768-01. This investigation was performed in part in a facility constructed with support from Research Facilities Improvement grant C06RR14567 from the National Center for Research Resources, NIH. NR 75 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 6 U2 67 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JUN PY 2014 VL 8 IS 6 BP 5494 EP 5514 DI 10.1021/nn5014484 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AK0FV UT WOS:000338089200015 PM 24811110 ER PT J AU Edmonds, MT Hellerstedt, JT Tadich, A Schenk, A O'Donnell, KM Tosado, J Butch, NP Syers, P Paglione, J Fuhrer, MS AF Edmonds, Mark T. Hellerstedt, Jack T. Tadich, Anton Schenk, Alex O'Donnell, Kane Michael Tosado, Jacob Butch, Nicholas P. Syers, Paul Paglione, Johnpierre Fuhrer, Michael S. TI Air-Stable Electron Depletion of Bi2Se3 Using Molybdenum Trioxide into the Topological Regime SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE Bi2Se3; topological insulator; molecular doping; air-stable capping layer ID ENERGY-LEVEL ALIGNMENT; SINGLE DIRAC CONE; METAL-OXIDES; SURFACE; INSULATOR; TRANSPORT; MOLECULES AB We perform high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy on in situ cleaved topological insulator Bi2Se3 single crystals and in situ transport measurements on Bi2Se3 films grown by molecular beam epitaxy. We demonstrate efficient electron depletion of Bi2Se3 via vacuum deposition of molecular MoO3, lowering the surface Fermi energy to within similar to 100 meV of the Dirac point, well into the topological regime. A 100 nm MoO3 film provides an air-stable doping and passivation layer. C1 [Fuhrer, Michael S.] Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Edmonds, Mark T.; Hellerstedt, Jack T.; Tosado, Jacob; Fuhrer, Michael S.] Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Hellerstedt, Jack T.; Tosado, Jacob; Butch, Nicholas P.; Syers, Paul; Paglione, Johnpierre; Fuhrer, Michael S.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tadich, Anton; O'Donnell, Kane Michael] Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Schenk, Alex] La Trobe Univ, Dept Phys, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. [Butch, Nicholas P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fuhrer, MS (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM michael.fuhrer@monash.edu RI McKenzie, Warren/J-2137-2014; Fuhrer, Michael/E-7634-2010; OI Fuhrer, Michael/0000-0001-6183-2773; O'Donnell, Kane/0000-0002-2033-9090 FU ARC Laureate Fellowship; US NSF [DMR-11-05224] FX M.S.F. is supported by an ARC Laureate Fellowship, and M.S.F. and J.T.H. are supported by US NSF award DMR-11-05224. Photoemission measurements were performed at the Soft X-ray Beamline of the Australian Synchrotron. This work was performed in part at the Melbourne Centre for Nano-fabrication (MCN) in the Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility (ANFF). Identification of commercial materials or equipment does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JUN PY 2014 VL 8 IS 6 BP 6400 EP 6406 DI 10.1021/nn502031k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AK0FV UT WOS:000338089200108 PM 24911767 ER PT J AU Vowles, AS Anderson, JJ Gessel, MH Williams, JG Kemp, PS AF Vowles, Andrew S. Anderson, James J. Gessel, Michael H. Williams, John G. Kemp, Paul S. TI Effects of avoidance behaviour on downstream fish passage through areas of accelerating flow when light and dark SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE environmental stimuli; habitat fragmentation; migration; salmon; smolt; velocity gradient ID MIGRATING JUVENILE SALMONIDS; SIGNAL-DETECTION-THEORY; COLUMBIA RIVER; ANGUILLA-ANGUILLA; CHINOOK SALMON; OVERHEAD COVER; SMOLTS; RESPONSES; DAMS; FRAGMENTATION AB To mitigate negative impacts of delayed migration it is necessary to understand the causes of avoidance exhibited by animals at behavioural barriers. For downstream migrating juvenile salmon, avoidance of velocity gradients at anthropogenic structures may compromise fitness. Building on previous experimental investigations on salmonid response to velocity gradients, this study aimed to quantify impacts of behaviour on subsequent passage in the presence and absence of visual cues. In an experimental flume, downstream moving juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, encountered either a high or a low velocity gradient created by an orifice weir, under light (95 lx) or dark (infrared illumination only) conditions. The majority of fish exhibited an observable response on encountering accelerating velocity, with avoidance behaviour elevated when light (45%) in comparison to when dark (12%). More time was spent facing the flow when the velocity gradient was high. Fish that exhibited avoidance were delayed by approximately eight-fold, travelled 3.5 times further, and experienced a higher mean cumulative velocity gradient across the body length (spatial velocity gradient) prior to successful downstream passage. This study highlights the impact of variation in behaviour on fish passage, and the potential for combined multimodal signals (in this instance visual and mechanosensory) to be used to repel fish, for example from hazardous areas such as turbine intakes. Conversely, by limiting information available, undesirable delay, for example at entrances to downstream fish bypasses, may be reduced. (C) 2014 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Vowles, Andrew S.; Kemp, Paul S.] Univ Southampton, Fac Engn & Environm, Int Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Anderson, James J.; Williams, John G.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Columbia Basin Res, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gessel, Michael H.; Williams, John G.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Vowles, AS (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Fac Engn & Environm, Univ Rd, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM asv104@soton.ac.uk FU European Community's Seventh Framework Programme [212423] FX This research received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement number 212423. We thank Brad Eby (U.S Army Corp of Engineers) and staff in the workshop at the NOAA Pasco field station who maintained the experimental flume and the equipment necessary to run experiments and Dr Anthony Lock (University of Southampton) for developing the FishTrack computer program. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 12 U2 53 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 EI 1095-8282 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 92 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.03.006 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA AK2WR UT WOS:000338281000014 ER PT J AU Percival, DM Percival, DB Denbo, DW Gica, E Huang, PY Mofjeld, HO Spillane, MC AF Percival, Daniel M. Percival, Donald B. Denbo, Donald W. Gica, Edison Huang, Paul Y. Mofjeld, Harold O. Spillane, Michael C. TI Automated Tsunami Source Modeling Using the Sweeping Window Positive Elastic Net SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE 2006 Kuril Islands tsunami; 2011 Honshu tsunami; 2011 Japan tsunami; 2011 Tohoku tsunami; Autoregressive errors; Constrained least squares; DART (R) tsunami data; Lasso estimator; Source selection; Tsunami source estimation; Variable selection ID SUMATRA-TSUNAMI; LASSO; SELECTION AB In response to hazards posed by earthquake-induced tsunamis, the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration developed a system for issuing timely warnings to coastal communities. This system, in part, involves matching data collected in real time from deep-ocean buoys to a database of precomputed geophysical models, each associated with a geographical location. Currently, trained operators must handpick models from the database using the epicenter of the earthquake as guidance, which can delay issuing of warnings. In this article, we introduce an automatic procedure to select models to improve the timing and accuracy of these warnings. This procedure uses an elastic-net-based penalized and constrained linear least-squares estimator in conjunction with a sweeping window. This window ensures that selected models are close spatially, which is desirable from geophysical considerations. We use the Akaike information criterion to settle on a particular window and to set the tuning parameters associated with the elastic net. Test data from the 2006 Kuril Islands and the devastating 2011 Japan tsunamis show that the automatic procedure yields model fits and verification equal to or better than those from a time-consuming hand-selected solution. C1 [Percival, Daniel M.] Google Inc, New York, NY 10011 USA. [Percival, Donald B.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Percival, Donald B.] Univ Washington, Dept Stat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Denbo, Donald W.; Gica, Edison; Spillane, Michael C.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Denbo, Donald W.; Gica, Edison; Mofjeld, Harold O.; Spillane, Michael C.] NOAA, Ctr Tsunami Res, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Huang, Paul Y.] Natl Weather Serv, Natl Tsunami Warning Ctr, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. RP Percival, DM (reprint author), Google Inc, 76 Ninth Ave,4th Floor, New York, NY 10011 USA. EM dancsi@google.com; dbp@apl.washington.edu; donald.w.denbo@noaa.gov; edison.gica@noaa.gov; paul.huang@noaa.gov; hmofjeld@u.washington.edu; mick.spillane@noaa.gov RI Spillane, Michael/I-7870-2015 OI Spillane, Michael/0000-0003-0794-5675 FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148] FX This work was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA10OAR4320148 and is JISAO Contribution No. 14772. This work is also Contribution No. 3937 from NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. We thank Marie Eble, Steve Hammond, Jennifer Hoeting, Liujuan Tang, Vasily Titov, and Elena Tolkova for helpful discussions and comments. We also thank the editor, an anonymous associate editor, and an anonymous referee for comments that led to an improved article. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 732 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1943 USA SN 0162-1459 EI 1537-274X J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 109 IS 506 BP 491 EP 499 DI 10.1080/01621459.2013.879062 PG 9 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA AK2GB UT WOS:000338236000004 ER PT J AU Lim, S Lee, DR Cifelli, R Hwang, SH AF Lim, Sanghun Lee, Dong-Ryul Cifelli, Rob Hwang, Seok Hwan TI Quantitative precipitation estimation for an X-band dual-polarization radar in the complex mountainous terrain SO KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE quantitative precipitation estimation; x-band; dual-polarization radar; noaa hydrometeorology testbed; specific differential phase ID DROP-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; DIFFERENTIAL REFLECTIVITY; RAINFALL ESTIMATION; PHASE AB This paper characterizes the applied science issues related to radar-rainfall estimation in the complex mountainous terrain and presents Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE) retrieved from X-band dual-polarization radar measurements. Data collected from the Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) in orographic (mountainous) terrain of California are used to develop and test the QPE methodology. Based on retrieved specific differential phase, rainfall estimation was performed using data obtained from the NOAA polarimetric X-band radar and evaluated using observations of the HMT ground instruments, including rain gauges. The results indicate that the technique works well for the limited number of events that are described herein. C1 [Lim, Sanghun; Lee, Dong-Ryul; Hwang, Seok Hwan] Korea Inst Construct Technol, Gyeonggi Do 411712, South Korea. [Cifelli, Rob] NOAA, Hydrometeorol Forcing Sci Team, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lim, S (reprint author), Korea Inst Construct Technol, Gyeonggi Do 411712, South Korea. EM slim@kict.re.kr; dryi@kict.re.kr; rob.cifelli@noaa.gov; sukany01@kict.re.kr FU Strategic Research Project (Development of Flood Warning and Snowfall Estimation Platform using Hydrological Radars) - Korea Institute of Construction Technology FX The authors would like to acknowledge the hard work and dedication of the Physical Sciences Division (PSD) at NOAA ESRL staff in the collection and processing of the HMT data used in this study. This study is supported by a grant from a Strategic Research Project (Development of Flood Warning and Snowfall Estimation Platform using Hydrological Radars) funded by the Korea Institute of Construction Technology. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU KOREAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS-KSCE PI SEOUL PA 50-7 OGUM-DONG, SONGPA-KU, SEOUL, 138-857, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-7988 EI 1976-3808 J9 KSCE J CIV ENG JI KSCE J. Civ. Eng. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 18 IS 5 BP 1548 EP 1553 DI 10.1007/s12205-014-0439-9 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA AK5WK UT WOS:000338497200038 ER PT J AU Zhu, CJ Deng, L Hagley, EW Huang, GX AF Zhu, C. J. Deng, L. Hagley, E. W. Huang, G. X. TI Optical self-focusing effect in coherent light scattering with condensates SO LASER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE matter waves; nonlinear optics; quantum optics ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; SUPERRADIANT RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; MATTER WAVES; AMPLIFICATION AB We present a theoretical investigation of optical self-focusing effects in light scattering with condensates. Using long (>200 mu s), red-detuned pulses we show numerically that a non-negligible self-focusing effect is present that causes rapid optical beam width reduction as the scattered field propagates through a medium with an inhomogeneous density distribution. The rapid growth of the scattered field intensity and significant local density feedback positively to further enhance the wave generation process and condensate compression, leading to highly efficient collective atomic recoil motion. C1 [Zhu, C. J.; Deng, L.; Hagley, E. W.] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhu, C. J.; Huang, G. X.] E China Normal Univ, State Key Lab Precis Spect, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. RP Deng, L (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lu.deng@nist.gov FU NSF-China [10874043, 11174080]; Chinese Education Ministry Reward for Excellent Doctors in Academics [MXRZZ2010007] FX CJZ acknowledges support from NSF-China under grant nos 10874043 and 11174080, and by the Chinese Education Ministry Reward for Excellent Doctors in Academics under grant no. MXRZZ2010007. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1054-660X EI 1555-6611 J9 LASER PHYS JI Laser Phys. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 24 IS 6 AR 065402 DI 10.1088/1054-660X/24/6/065402 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA AK3PQ UT WOS:000338337500013 ER PT J AU Danielson, SL Weingartner, TJ Hedstrom, KS Aagaard, K Woodgate, R Curchitser, E Stabeno, PJ AF Danielson, Seth L. Weingartner, Thomas J. Hedstrom, Katherine S. Aagaard, Knut Woodgate, Rebecca Curchitser, Enrique Stabeno, Phyllis J. TI Coupled wind-forced controls of the Bering-Chukchi shelf circulation and the Bering Strait throughflow: Ekman transport, continental shelf waves, and variations of the Pacific-Arctic sea surface height gradient SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID DATA ASSIMILATION ANALYSIS; UPPER OCEAN 1950-95; NORTH-ATLANTIC; FRESH-WATER; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ICE DYNAMICS; ALEUTIAN LOW; FLOW; MODEL; CLIMATE AB We develop a conceptual model of the closely co-dependent Bering shelf, Bering Strait, and Chukchi shelf circulation fields by evaluating the effects of wind stress over the North Pacific and western Arctic using atmospheric reanalyses, current meter observations, satellite-based sea surface height (SSH) measurements, hydrographic profiles, and numerical model integrations. This conceptual model suggests Bering Strait transport anomalies are primarily set by the longitudinal location of the Aleutian Low, which drives oppositely signed anomalies at synoptic and annual time scales. Synoptic time scale variations in shelf currents result from local wind forcing and remotely generated continental shelf waves, whereas annual variations are driven by basin scale adjustments to wind stress that alter the magnitude of the along-strait (meridional) pressure gradient. In particular, we show that storms centered over the Bering Sea excite continental shelf waves on the eastern Bering shelf that carry northward velocity anomalies northward through Bering Strait and along the Chukchi coast. The integrated effect of these storms tends to decrease the northward Bering Strait transport at annual to decadal time scales by imposing cyclonic wind stress curl over the Aleutian Basin and the Western Subarctic Gyre. Ekman suction then increases the water column density through isopycnal uplift, thereby decreasing the dynamic height, sea surface height, and along-strait pressure gradient. Storms displaced eastward over the Gulf of Alaska generate an opposite set of Bering shelf and Aleutian Basin responses. While Ekman pumping controls Canada Basin dynamic heights (Proshutinsky et al., 2002), we do not find evidence for a strong relation between Beaufort Gyre sea surface height variations and the annually averaged Bering Strait throughflow. Over the western Chukchi and East Siberian seas easterly winds promote coastal divergence, which also increases the along-strait pressure head, as well as generates shelf waves that impinge upon Bering Strait from the northwest. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Danielson, Seth L.; Weingartner, Thomas J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hedstrom, Katherine S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Arctic Reg Supercomp Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Aagaard, Knut; Woodgate, Rebecca] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Curchitser, Enrique] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Danielson, SL (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM sldanielson@alaska.edu FU ConocoPhillips; Shell; DOI-BOEM [M09AC15207]; NSF [PLR-1108440, ARC-0732771, ARC-0732428, ARC-0856786, ARC 0855748]; NPRB [1302]; NOAA RUSALCA programme; ONR [N00014-13-1-0468]; EcoFOCI program FX We thank UW and UAF mooring technicians Jim Johnson and David Leech for their long history of successful mooring deployments and recoveries in the Bering and Chukchi seas, Peter Winsor and Jonathan Whitefield for discussions about Bering/Chukchi communication and exchange, Nick Bond for discussions regarding the atmospheric pressure analyses, and Mark Johnson and two anonymous reviewers for constructive advice on the manuscript. The altimeter products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by Aviso, with support from Cnes (http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/duacs/). The NOAA-PMEL moorings along the 70 m isobath are supported by the EcoFOCI program. Mooring 51 data were provided by the Chukchi Sea Environmental Studies Program operated by Olgoonik Fairweather on behalf of ConocoPhillips, Shell Exploration and Production Company, and Statoil. This manuscript is listed as BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication number 138 and NPRB publication number 487. The Barrow Canyon mooring array was supported by ConocoPhillips, Shell, and DOI-BOEM Grant M09AC15207. This work was supported by NSF Grants PLR-1108440, ARC-0732771, ARC-0732428, and ARC-0856786, ARC 0855748, NPRB Grant 1302, the NOAA RUSALCA programme and ONR N00014-13-1-0468. NR 111 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 125 BP 40 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2014.04.006 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AK4SU UT WOS:000338415200004 ER PT J AU Hildreth, OJ Schmidt, DR AF Hildreth, Owen J. Schmidt, Daniel R. TI Vapor Phase Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching of Silicon SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE metal-assisted chemical etching; chemical etching; vapor phase; nanofabrication; electroless; silicon ID POROUS SILICON; CATALYST; NANOPARTICLES; MECHANISMS; NANOWIRES AB This work introduces and explores vapor phase metal-assisted chemical etching (VP-MaCE) of silicon as a method to bypass some of the challenges found in traditional liquid phase metal-assisted chemical etching (LP-MaCE). Average etch rates for Ag, Au, and Pd/Au catalysts are established at 31, 70, and 96 nm/min respectively, and the relationship between etch rate and substrate temperature is examined experimentally. Just as with LP-MaCE, 3D catalyst motion is maintained and three-dimensional structures are fabricated with nanoparticle- and lithography-patterned catalysts. VP-MaCE produces less microporous silicon compared with LP-MaCE and the diffusion/reduction distance of Ag+ ions is significantly reduced. This process sacrifices etch rate for increased etch uniformity and lower stiction for applications in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) processing. C1 [Hildreth, Owen J.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schmidt, Daniel R.] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hildreth, OJ (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM owen.hildreth@nist.gov RI Hildreth, Owen/N-9967-2015 OI Hildreth, Owen/0000-0001-5358-9080 NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 36 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 24 IS 24 BP 3827 EP 3833 DI 10.1002/adfm.201304129 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AJ8KR UT WOS:000337953200024 ER PT J AU Zhang, F Zhang, C Chen, SL Zhu, J Cao, WS Kattner, UR AF Zhang, F. Zhang, C. Chen, S. L. Zhu, J. Cao, W. S. Kattner, U. R. TI An understanding of high entropy alloys from phase diagram calculations SO CALPHAD-COMPUTER COUPLING OF PHASE DIAGRAMS AND THERMOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE High entropy alloy; CALPHAD; Multicomponent; Phase diagram calculation; Phase stability ID PRINCIPAL-ELEMENT ALLOYS; SOLID-SOLUTION; MICROSTRUCTURE; SYSTEM AB The concept of High Entropy Alloy (HEA) is understood from the point of view of phase diagram calculation. The role of entropy of mixing on the phase stability is discussed for both ideal and non-ideal solid solution phases. The relative stability of a solid solution phase and line compounds is illustrated using hypothetical systems. Calculated binary and multicomponent phase diagrams are used to explain the phenomena observed experimentally for HEAs. The potential of using the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) approach in aiding the design of alloys with multiple key components is also discussed. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, F.; Zhang, C.; Chen, S. L.; Zhu, J.; Cao, W. S.] CompuTherm LLC, Madison, WI USA. [Kattner, U. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, F (reprint author), CompuTherm LLC, Madison, WI USA. EM fan.zhang@computherm.com; czhang.wisc@gmail.com NR 23 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 16 U2 72 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0364-5916 EI 1873-2984 J9 CALPHAD JI Calphad-Comput. Coupling Ph. Diagrams Thermochem. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 45 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.calphad.2013.10.006 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AJ7MK UT WOS:000337880600001 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Chen, F Barlage, M Ek, MB Niyogi, D AF Kumar, Anil Chen, Fei Barlage, Michael Ek, Michael B. Niyogi, Dev TI Assessing Impacts of Integrating MODIS Vegetation Data in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model Coupled to Two Different Canopy-Resistance Approaches SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAND-SURFACE PARAMETERIZATION; INTERNATIONAL H2O PROJECT; CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; MESOSCALE ETA-MODEL; LAYER PARAMETERIZATIONS; ATMOSPHERE INTERACTIONS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS MODEL; BIOCHEMICAL-MODEL; FIFE OBSERVATIONS AB The impact of 8-day-averaged data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor-namely, the 1-km leaf area index, absorbed photosynthetic radiation, and land-use data-is investigated for use in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for regional weather prediction. These high-resolution, near-real-time MODIS data are hypothesized to enhance the representation of land-atmosphere interactions and to potentially improve the WRF model forecast skill for temperature, surface moisture, surface fluxes, and soil temperature. To test this hypothesis, the impact of using MODIS-based land surface data on surface energy and water budgets was assessed within the "Noah" land surface model with two different canopy-resistance schemes. An ensemble of six model experiments was conducted using the WRF model for a typical summertime episode over the U.S. southern Great Plains that occurred during the International H2O Project (IHOP_2002) field experiment. The six model experiments were statistically analyzed and showed some degree of improvement in surface latent heat flux and sensible heat flux, as well as surface temperature and moisture, after land use, leaf area index, and green vegetation fraction data were replaced by remotely sensed data. There was also an improvement in the WRF-simulated temperature and boundary layer moisture with MODIS data in comparison with the default U.S. Geological Survey land-use and leaf area index inputs. Overall, analysis suggests that recalibration and improvements to both the input data and the land model help to improve estimation of surface and soil parameters and boundary layer moisture and led to improvement in simulating convection in WRF runs. Incorporating updated land conditions provided the most notable improvements, and the mesoscale model performance could be further enhanced when improved land surface schemes become available. C1 [Kumar, Anil] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kumar, Anil] Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Kumar, Anil; Niyogi, Dev] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Chen, Fei; Barlage, Michael] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Ek, Michael B.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), NASA, Hydrol Sci Branch, GSFC, Code 614-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM anil.kumar@nasa.gov RI Chen, Fei/B-1747-2009 FU National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS); NOAA/JCSDA; DOE ARM [08ER64674]; NASA/GWEC-Terrestrial Hydrology Program; NCAR Water Cycle Program FX This work. was supported in part by the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), NOAA/JCSDA (Research Area: Land Surface), DOE ARM (08ER64674; Dr. Rick Petty), NASA/GWEC-Terrestrial Hydrology Program (Dr. Jared Entin), and the NCAR Water Cycle Program. We also thank K. Manning (NCAR) and M. Duda (NCAR) for helping us with using satellite data in the model. NR 75 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1362 EP 1380 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0247.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ5YT UT WOS:000337767400003 ER PT J AU Hicks, BB Pendergrass, WR Vogel, CA Artz, RS AF Hicks, Bruce B. Pendergrass, William R., III Vogel, Christoph A. Artz, Richard S. TI On the Drag and Heat of Washington, DC, and New York City SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID URBAN AREAS; DISPERSION; ISLAND; FLUX; SCHEME; MODEL AB Data from a network of micrometeorological instruments, mostly mounted 10 m above the roofs of 12 buildings in Washington, D.C., are used to derive average values and spatial differences of the normalized local friction velocity u(*)/u equivalent to ((-u'w') over bar)(1/2)/u (with u being the wind speed reported at the same height as the covariance is measured, w being the vertical wind component, primes indicating deviations, and the overbar indicating averaging). The analysis is extended through consideration of two additional sites in New York City, New York. The ratio u(*)/u is found to depend on wind direction for all locations. Averaged values of u(*)/u appear to be best associated with the standard deviation of local building heights, with little evidence of a dependence on any other of the modern building-morphology indices. Temperature covariance data show a large effect of nearby activities, with the consequences of air-conditioning systems being obvious (especially at night) in some situations. The Washington data show that older buildings, built largely of native limestone, show the greatest effects of air-conditioning systems. The assumption that the nighttime surface boundary layer is stable is likely to be most often incorrect for both Washington and New York City-the sensible heat flux resulting from heating and cooling of building work spaces most often appears to dominate. C1 [Hicks, Bruce B.] Metcorps, Norris, TN 37828 USA. [Pendergrass, William R., III; Vogel, Christoph A.] NOAA, ARL, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Vogel, Christoph A.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Artz, Richard S.] NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. RP Hicks, BB (reprint author), Metcorps, POB 1510, Norris, TN 37828 USA. EM hicks.metcorps@gmail.com RI Artz, Richard/P-6371-2015; Pendergrass, William/C-9073-2016 OI Artz, Richard/0000-0002-1335-0697; FU Air Resources Laboratory FX This work was carried out as a contribution to the NOAA Dispersion Program, with support from the Air Resources Laboratory. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1454 EP 1470 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0154.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ5YT UT WOS:000337767400008 ER PT J AU Rice, KP Keller, RR Stoykovich, MP AF Rice, K. P. Keller, R. R. Stoykovich, M. P. TI Specimen-thickness effects on transmission Kikuchi patterns in the scanning electron microscope SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Monte Carlo simulations; scanning electron microscopy; transmission EBSD; transmission kikuchi diffraction; ultrathin films ID BACKSCATTER DIFFRACTION; SCATTER DIFFRACTION; NANOPARTICLES; PERFORMANCE; SURFACES; EBSD AB We report the effects of varying specimen thickness on the generation of transmission Kikuchi patterns in the scanning electron microscope. Diffraction patterns sufficient for automated indexing were observed from films spanning nearly three orders of magnitude in thickness in several materials, from 5 nm of hafnium dioxide to 3 m of aluminum, corresponding to a mass-thickness range of similar to 5 to 810 mu g cm(-2). The scattering events that are most likely to be detected in transmission are shown to be very near the exit surface of the films. The energies, spatial distribution and trajectories of the electrons that are transmitted through the film and are collected by the detector are predicted using Monte Carlo simulations. C1 [Rice, K. P.; Keller, R. R.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Stoykovich, M. P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Rice, KP (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM katherine.rice@nist.gov OI Rice, Katherine/0000-0003-3942-7258 FU National Research Council Research Associateship Program; NNIN; National Science Foundation [ECS-0335765] FX K.P.R. acknowledges funding from the National Research Council Research Associateship Program. Some of this work was performed at the Colorado Nanofabrication Laboratory supported in part by the NNIN and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. ECS-0335765. The authors thank Dr. Dale Newbury and Dr. Roy Geiss for helpful discussions. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-2720 EI 1365-2818 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 254 IS 3 BP 129 EP 136 DI 10.1111/jmi.12124 PG 8 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA AJ9LG UT WOS:000338031300004 PM 24660836 ER PT J AU Heavner, TP Donley, EA Levi, F Costanzo, G Parker, TE Shirley, JH Ashby, N Barlow, S Jefferts, SR AF Heavner, Thomas P. Donley, Elizabeth A. Levi, Filippo Costanzo, Giovanni Parker, Thomas E. Shirley, Jon H. Ashby, Neil Barlow, Stephan Jefferts, S. R. TI First accuracy evaluation of NIST-F2 SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE atomic clock; frequency standard; SI second; caesium ID PRIMARY FREQUENCY STANDARD; DISTRIBUTED CAVITY PHASE; ATOMIC FOUNTAIN CLOCK; MAJORANA TRANSITIONS; MICROWAVE CAVITIES; POWER DEPENDENCE; SHIFTS AB We report the first accuracy evaluation of NIST-F2, a second-generation laser-cooled caesium fountain primary standard developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) with a cryogenic (liquid nitrogen) microwave cavity and flight region. The 80K atom interrogation environment reduces the uncertainty due to the blackbody radiation shift by more than a factor of 50. Also, the Ramsey microwave cavity exhibits a high quality factor (>50 000) at this low temperature, resulting in a reduced distributed cavity phase shift. NIST-F2 has undergone many tests and improvements since we first began operation in 2008. In the last few years NIST-F2 has been compared against a NIST maser time scale and NIST-F1 (the US primary frequency standard) as part of in-house accuracy evaluations. We report the results of nine in-house comparisons since 2010 with a focus on the most recent accuracy evaluation. This paper discusses the design of the physics package, the laser and optics systems and the accuracy evaluation methods. The type B fractional uncertainty of NIST-F2 is shown to be 0.11 x 10(-15) and is dominated by microwave amplitude dependent effects. The most recent evaluation (August 2013) had a statistical (type A) fractional uncertainty of 0.44 x 10(-15). C1 [Heavner, Thomas P.; Donley, Elizabeth A.; Parker, Thomas E.; Shirley, Jon H.; Ashby, Neil; Barlow, Stephan; Jefferts, S. R.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Levi, Filippo] INRIM, Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Costanzo, Giovanni] Politecn Torino, I-10129 Turin, Italy. RP Heavner, TP (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM heavner@boulder.nist.gov OI COSTANZO, Giovanni Antonio/0000-0002-7474-0349 NR 42 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 11 U2 43 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD JUN PY 2014 VL 51 IS 3 BP 174 EP 182 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/51/3/174 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AK6GP UT WOS:000338526400009 ER PT J AU White, MG Leonhardt, R Livigni, D Lehman, JH AF White, M. G. Leonhardt, R. Livigni, D. Lehman, J. H. TI A CW calibrated laser pulse energy meter for the range 1 pJ to 100 mJ SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE laser pulse energy; pulse energy meter; cw calibration pulse meter; calorimeters ID TRAP DETECTOR; EFFICIENCY AB We describe the use of a silicon photodiode trap detector and digital storage oscilloscope as an absolute laser pulse energy meter, capable of repetition rates of 85 Hz and 5% uncertainty (k = 2). The maximum repetition rate is limited by the decay time of the output pulse of the detector. The technique relies on a straightforward oscilloscope-based integration of the voltage pulse generated by the photodiode trap detector. We highlight the versatility of the technique by comparing it at 1064 nm with our high and low-level calorimeter based pulse energy scales, to which our calibration services are traceable. The good agreement of the results, along with comprehensive uncertainty analysis, validates the approach we have taken. We have demonstrated a basis for establishing laser pulse energy measurement using continuous wave (CW) sources and standard detectors. C1 [White, M. G.; Leonhardt, R.; Livigni, D.; Lehman, J. H.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP White, MG (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM m.white@boulder.nist.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD JUN PY 2014 VL 51 IS 3 BP 225 EP 234 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/51/3/225 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AK6GP UT WOS:000338526400015 ER PT J AU Possolo, A Elster, C AF Possolo, Antonio Elster, Clemens TI Evaluating the uncertainty of input quantities in measurement models SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE measurement model; uncertainty evaluation; elicitation; input quantities; measurement uncertainty; observation equation; nominal properties ID DISTRIBUTIONS; INFERENCE; SELECTION; EQUATIONS; GUIDE AB The Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) gives guidance about how values and uncertainties should be assigned to the input quantities that appear in measurement models. This contribution offers a concrete proposal for how that guidance may be updated in light of the advances in the evaluation and expression of measurement uncertainty that were made in the course of the twenty years that have elapsed since the publication of the GUM, and also considering situations that the GUM does not yet contemplate. Our motivation is the ongoing conversation about a new edition of the GUM. While generally we favour a Bayesian approach to uncertainty evaluation, we also recognize the value that other approaches may bring to the problems considered here, and focus on methods for uncertainty evaluation and propagation that are widely applicable, including to cases that the GUM has not yet addressed. In addition to Bayesian methods, we discuss maximum-likelihood estimation, robust statistical methods, and measurement models where values of nominal properties play the same role that input quantities play in traditional models. We illustrate these general-purpose techniques in concrete examples, employing data sets that are realistic but that also are of conveniently small sizes. The supplementary material available online lists the R computer code that we have used to produce these examples (stacks.iop.org/Met/51/3/339/mmedia). Although we strive to stay close to clause 4 of the GUM, which addresses the evaluation of uncertainty for input quantities, we depart from it as we review the classes of measurement models that we believe are generally useful in contemporary measurement science. We also considerably expand and update the treatment that the GUM gives to Type B evaluations of uncertainty: reviewing the state-of-the-art, disciplined approach to the elicitation of expert knowledge, and its encapsulation in probability distributions that are usable in uncertainty propagation exercises. In this we deviate markedly and emphatically from the GUM Supplement 1, which gives pride of place to the Principle of Maximum Entropy as a means to assign probability distributions to input quantities. C1 [Possolo, Antonio] NIST, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Elster, Clemens] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. RP Possolo, A (reprint author), NIST, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM antonio.possolo@nist.gov NR 68 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 23 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD JUN PY 2014 VL 51 IS 3 BP 339 EP 353 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/51/3/339 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AK6GP UT WOS:000338526400026 ER PT J AU Hamadani, BH Roller, J Shore, AM Dougherty, B Yoon, HW AF Hamadani, Behrang H. Roller, John Shore, Andrew M. Dougherty, Brian Yoon, Howard W. TI Large-area irradiance-mode spectral response measurements of solar cells by a light-emitting, diode-based integrating sphere source SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID MEASUREMENT SYSTEM; CALIBRATION; EFFICIENCY AB An irradiance-mode absolute differential spectral response (SR) measurement system based on a light emitting diode (LED) array is described. The LEDs are coupled to an integrating sphere whose output irradiance is uniform to better than 2% over an area of 160 mm by 160 mm. SR measurements of solar cells when subject to diffuse irradiation, as provided by the integrating sphere, are compared with collimated irradiance SR measurements. Issues originating from the differences in angular response of the reference versus the test cells are also investigated. The SR curves of large-area cells with dimensions of up to 155 mm are measured and then used to calculate the cell's short circuit current (I-sc), if illuminated by a defined solar spectrum. The resulting values of I-sc agree well with the values obtained from secondary measurements. C1 [Hamadani, Behrang H.; Roller, John; Shore, Andrew M.; Dougherty, Brian] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yoon, Howard W.] NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hamadani, BH (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM behrang.hamadani@nist.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 1 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 16 BP 3565 EP 3573 DI 10.1364/AO.53.003565 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA AJ2PY UT WOS:000337502100031 PM 24922435 ER PT J AU Cho, JM Heo, J Payne, WV Domanski, PA AF Cho, Jin Min Heo, Jaehyeok Payne, W. Vance Domanski, Piotr A. TI Normalized performance parameters for a residential heat pump in the cooling mode with single faults imposed SO APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Air conditioner; Fault detection; Heat pump ID AIR-CONDITIONER; HVAC SYSTEMS; DIAGNOSIS AB The cooling mode performance of a residential split heat pump operating under nine different faults was described using normalized performance parameters determined from a ratio of the fault value to the no-fault value obtained from heat pump tests in environmental chambers. The normalized parameters were the coefficient of performance (COP), total capacity, refrigerant-side capacity, sensible heat ratio, outdoor unit power, and total power. A correlation for the normalized performance parameters was developed to produce a continuous representation of the performance characteristics given the fault level and indoor and outdoor temperature conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cho, Jin Min] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. [Heo, Jaehyeok; Payne, W. Vance; Domanski, Piotr A.] NIST, HVAC&R Equipment Performance Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Payne, WV (reprint author), NIST, HVAC&R Equipment Performance Grp, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8631, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vance.payne@nist.gov NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-4311 J9 APPL THERM ENG JI Appl. Therm. Eng. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 67 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.03.010 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mechanics GA AJ4RI UT WOS:000337663100001 ER PT J AU Stabeno, PJ Hristova, HG AF Stabeno, Phyllis J. Hristova, Hristina G. TI Observations of the Alaskan Stream near Samalga Pass and its connection to the Bering Sea: 2001-2004 SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Alaskan Stream; Aleutian North Slope Current; Moorings; Sea surface height; Eddies ID NORTHERN GULF; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; CIRCULATION; CURRENTS; PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; EASTERN; EDDIES; OCEAN; BASIN AB Year-long moorings were deployed across the Alaskan Stream near Samalga Pass (169 degrees W) on two occasions, first in 2001-2002 (5 moorings) and again in 2003-2004 (3 moorings). Currents were measured throughout the water column, and temperature and salinity were measured at selected depths. Satellite altimetry and satellite-tracked drifters revealed a well defined Alaskan Stream, with the largest near-surface average speeds (> 60 cm s(-1)) and highest eddy kinetic energy just upstream from the mooring sites. Excluding periods when large eddies disrupted the flow, transport in the Alaskan Stream ranged from 10 to 30 x 106 m(3) s(-1). The estimated mean transport in 2001-2002 was 19 x 10(6) m(3) s(-1), and in 2003-2004 was 21 x 10(6) m(3) s(-1). Large (diameter > 200 km), anti-cyclonic eddies were not uncommon in the vicinity of Samalga Pass (14 times in 20 year period, 1992-2012). Although there were no such eddies observed during the period 2000-2003, one of the largest ever recorded eddies occurred in spring 2004. In addition, smaller eddies occurred on several occasions. Eddies disrupted the flow, shifting the Alaskan Stream farther off shore and were clearly evident in both the satellite imagery and the mooring data. Other energetic events, which were less evident in the satellite records, but clearly evident in the mooring measurements, also disrupted the flow. In addition to the moorings in the Alaskan Stream, pressure gauges were placed in Samalga Pass and a single mooring measuring currents was placed in the Aleutian North Slope Current (ANSC) in the Bering Sea. The alongshore, near-surface flow measured at the moorings deployed on the 1000-m isobaths in the Alaskan Stream and the ANSC were significantly correlated with the bottom pressure time series. In addition, at periods longer than 14 days, the bottom pressure measured at the mooring sites in Samalga Pass was significantly correlated with the sea surface height measured by the satellites. The eddy kinetic energies measured from the satellites and from moorings were also significantly correlated. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stabeno, Phyllis J.; Hristova, Hristina G.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hristova, Hristina G.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Hristova, Hristina G.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Stabeno, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM phyllis.stabeno@noaa.gov FU NOAA/PMEL [4060]; JISAO [2169]; JIMAR [13-384]; [EcoFOCI-0804] FX We thank the C. DeWitt, W. Floering for deploying and recovering the moorings and D. Kachel, for processing the data. This is contribution 4060 from NOAA/PMEL, No. 2169 from JISAO, and No. 13-384 from JIMAR. This research is contribution EcoFOCI-0804 to NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations. The altimeter products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by AVISO, with support from CNES (http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/duacs/). NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 88 BP 30 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2014.03.002 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AJ4PR UT WOS:000337658800004 ER PT J AU Yim, H Kong, WY Yoon, SJ Nahm, S Jang, HW Sung, YE Ha, JY Davydov, AV Choi, JW AF Yim, Haena Kong, Woo Yeon Yoon, Seok-Jin Nahm, Sahn Jang, Ho Won Sung, Yung-Eun Ha, Jong-Yoon Davydov, Albert V. Choi, Ji-Won TI Three-dimensional hemisphere-structured LiSn0.0125Mn1.975O4 thin-film cathodes SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Three-dimensional thin film lithium battery; Sn-LiMn2O4 ID SPINEL LIMN2O4; LITHIUM; DEPOSITION; HOLLOW AB Three-dimensional (3D) high surface area LiSn0.0125Mn1975O4 thin film cathodes have been fabricated in order to increase a charge capacity in the Li-ion battery. Metal oxide films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering on three types of hemisphere-structured templates fabricated via spin-coating with polystyrene (PS) beads. Compared to standard planar battery design, the capacities of the close-packed, linked, and isolated 3D films are higher by 1.4,2.6, and 2.1 times, respectively, which correlates with the corresponding increase of the specific surface area of the templates. The linked hemisphere cathode film shows an improved discharge capacity of 67.6 mu A h mu m(-1) cm(-2) without significant degradation of the cyclic retention. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yim, Haena; Kong, Woo Yeon; Yoon, Seok-Jin; Choi, Ji-Won] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Elect Mat Res Ctr, Seoul 136791, South Korea. [Kong, Woo Yeon; Nahm, Sahn] Korea Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Jang, Ho Won] Seoul Natl Univ, Res Inst Adv Mat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. [Yim, Haena; Sung, Yung-Eun] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. [Sung, Yung-Eun] IBS, Ctr Nanoparticle Res, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Ha, Jong-Yoon; Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, Mat Sci Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Choi, JW (reprint author), KIST, 14 Gil 5, Seoul 136791, South Korea. EM jwchoi@kist.re.kr RI Jang, Ho Won/D-9866-2011; Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Jang, Ho Won/0000-0002-6952-7359; Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 FU K-GRL [2Z03820]; NRF [2010-0019089] FX This research was supported by K-GRL (2Z03820) and NRF program (No. 2010-0019089). NR 11 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 EI 1873-1902 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 43 BP 36 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2014.02.016 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA AJ3GY UT WOS:000337555700009 ER PT J AU Waples, RS Antao, T AF Waples, Robin S. Antao, Tiago TI INTERMITTENT BREEDING AND CONSTRAINTS ON LITTER SIZE: CONSEQUENCES FOR EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE PER GENERATION (Ne) AND PER REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE (Nb) SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Clutch size; computer simulations; intermittent breeding; iteroparity; overlapping generations ID OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS; CLUTCH SIZE; AGE; EVOLUTION; FECUNDITY; MAMMALS; NUMBERS; MODEL; SIMUPOP; TURTLES AB In iteroparous species, it is easier to estimate Nb (effective number of breeders in one reproductive cycle) than Ne (effective population size per generation). Nb can be used as a proxy for Ne and also can provide crucial insights into eco-evolutionary processes that occur during reproduction. We used analytical and numerical methods to evaluate effects of intermittent breeding and litter/clutch size on inbreeding Nb and Ne. Fixed or random litter sizes 3 have little effect on either effective-size parameter; however, in species (e.g., many large mammals) in which females can produce only one offspring per cycle, female Nb= and overall Nb= 4Nb(male). Intermittent breeding reduces the pool of female breeders, which reduces both female and overall Nb; reductions are larger in high-fecundity species with high juvenile mortality and increase when multiple reproductive cycles are skipped. Simulated data for six model species showed that both intermittent breeding and litter-size constraints increase Ne, but only slightly. We show how to quantitatively account for these effects, which are important to consider when (1) using Nb to estimate Ne, or (2) drawing inferences about male reproductive success based on estimates of female Nb. C1 [Waples, Robin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Antao, Tiago] Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford OX3 7BN, England. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov RI Antao, Tiago/C-3615-2009; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 OI Antao, Tiago/0000-0002-7269-5513; NR 58 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-3820 EI 1558-5646 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD JUN PY 2014 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1722 EP 1734 DI 10.1111/evo.12384 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA AJ3IE UT WOS:000337558900015 PM 24611912 ER PT J AU Pope, JG Wright, JD AF Pope, Jodie G. Wright, John D. TI Performance of Coriolis meters in transient gas flows SO FLOW MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Coriolis meter; Gaseous fuel; Hydrogen meter; Time response; Transient flow AB For steady flows, Coriolis flow meters accurately measure mass flow. To study the performance of Coriolis meters under transient flows, we measured the instantaneous and totalized flow determined by two Coriolis meters. The tests used a Transient Flow Facility (TFF) developed to generate transient flow, pressure, and temperature conditions similar to those that occur when a hydrogen powered vehicle is refueled. During simulated cascade fills, the TFF discharged 3 kg of helium in 3 min at flows between 10 g/s and 45 g/s through the Coriolis meters and the TFF's standard. The TFF's expanded uncertainty (95% confidence level) for totalized mass during this cascade fill was 0.45%. For the same simulated cascade fill, both Coriolis meters measured the instantaneous flow within the uncertainty of the TFF and measured totalized flow within the International Organization of Legal Metrology Recommendation 139 maximum permissible errors for meters in gaseous fuel dispensers (1.0%). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pope, Jodie G.; Wright, John D.] NIST, Senior Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pope, JG (reprint author), NIST, Senior Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jodie.pope@nist.gov; john.wright@nist.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-5986 EI 1873-6998 J9 FLOW MEAS INSTRUM JI Flow Meas. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 37 BP 42 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2014.02.003 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AJ4NU UT WOS:000337653900004 ER PT J AU Chowdhury, MR Chu, PS Guard, CC AF Chowdhury, Md Rashed Chu, Pao-Shin Guard, Charles Chip TI An improved sea level forecasting scheme for hazards management in the US-affiliated Pacific Islands SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sea level; sea-surface temperature; trade wind; canonical correlation analysis; US-affiliated Pacific Islands ID CANONICAL CORRELATION-ANALYSIS; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; RAINFALL VARIATIONS; ENSO PREDICTION; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; PRECIPITATION; ANOMALIES; SCIENCE AB This study describes an improved seasonal sea level forecasting scheme by the Pacific ENSO Applications Climate Center (PEAC). Since 2005, an operational sea level forecasting scheme (3-5months in advance) for the US-affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI) has been instrumental (http://www.prh.noaa.gov/peac/sea-level.php). The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climate cycle and the sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) in the tropical Pacific Ocean are taken as the primary factors in modulating these forecasts on seasonal time scales. The current SST-based canonical correlations analysis (CCA) hindcast forecasts have been found to be skillful. However, the skill gradually decreases as the lead-time increases. This has motivated us to revisit the forecasting scheme at PEAC. In contrast to previous endeavours which relied only on SSTs, we now incorporate both trade winds and SSTs for modulating sea level variability on seasonal time scales. The average forecasts for zero to three seasons' lead-times are found to be 0.647, 0.598, and 0.625 for combined SST and the zonal component of the trade wind (U), SST, and wind (U), respectively. It is therefore revealed that the combined SST-wind-based forecasts are more skillful than the SST or wind-based forecasts alone. It is particularly more efficient on longer time scales for most of the stations (e.g. 10-25% improvement on two to three seasons' lead-times). The improvements of these forecasts have enabled the capability of our clients in the USAPI region to develop a more efficient long-term response plan for hazard management. C1 [Chowdhury, Md Rashed] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific ENSO Applicat Climate Ctr, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Chu, Pao-Shin] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol SOEST, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Guard, Charles Chip] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Weather Forecast Off, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Chowdhury, MR (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific ENSO Applicat Climate Ctr, 2525 Correa Rd,HIG 350, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM rashed@hawaii.edu FU Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) [NA17RJ1230]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA17RJ1230] FX This project was funded by cooperative agreement NA17RJ1230 between the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subdivisions. Special thanks are expressed to Mr Tony Barnston and Dr Mark Merrifield for reviewing an earlier version of this paper. Thanks are due to Drs John Marra and William Sweet for their valuable comments. We express our gratitude to the Sea Level Center (University of Hawaii) and the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI) for providing us easy access, manipulation, and visualization of earth science data. Grateful acknowledgements are expressed to the anonymous referees for careful reading and reviewing of this paper. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 34 IS 7 BP 2320 EP 2329 DI 10.1002/joc.3841 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ3HX UT WOS:000337558200016 ER PT J AU Outcalt, SL AF Outcalt, Stephanie L. TI Compressed-Liquid Density Measurements of 3-Ethoxy-1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-2-trifluoromethylhexane SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID DENSIMETER; PRESSURES; ACCURACY; FLUIDS AB Compressed-liquid densities of 3-ethoxy-1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-2-trifluoromethylhexane (C9F15F15O) have been measured with a vibrating U-tube densimeter. To closely examine the repeatability of the measurements as well as the thermal stability of the test fluid, three series of measurements were made from 270 K to 470 K and 0.5 MPa to 50 MPa. The overall combined uncertainty of the density data is 0.81 kg.m(-3). Results of the measurements presented here are compared with previously measured densities found in the literature and show good agreement. C1 NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Outcalt, SL (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM outcalt@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD JUN PY 2014 VL 59 IS 6 BP 2087 EP 2094 DI 10.1021/je5002686 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA AJ0JL UT WOS:000337336700042 ER PT J AU Ettema, TJG Lindas, AC Hjort, K Poplawski, AB Kaessmann, H Grogan, DW Kelman, Z Andersson, AF Pelve, EA Lundgren, M Svard, SG AF Ettema, Thijs J. G. Lindas, Ann-Christin Hjort, Karin Poplawski, Andrzej B. Kaessmann, Henrik Grogan, Dennis W. Kelman, Zvi Andersson, Anders F. Pelve, Erik A. Lundgren, Magnus Svard, Staffan G. TI Rolf Bernander (1956-2014): pioneer of the archaeal cell cycle Obituary SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Biographical-Item ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CHROMOSOME-REPLICATION; SULFOLOBUS-ACIDOCALDARIUS; METHANOCOCCUS JANNASCHII; PYROBACULUM-CALIDIFONTIS; CRENARCHAEON SULFOLOBUS; THERMOPHILIC ARCHAEA; NUCLEOID STRUCTURE; FTSZ RING; DIVISION AB On 19 January 2014 Rolf (Roffe') Bernander passed away unexpectedly. Rolf was a dedicated scientist; his research aimed at unravelling the cell biology of the archaeal domain of life, especially cell cycle-related questions, but he also made important contributions in other areas of microbiology. Rolf had a professor position in the Molecular Evolution programme at Uppsala University, Sweden for about 8 years, and in January 2013 he became chair professor at the Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute at Stockholm University in Sweden. Rolf was an exceptional colleague and will be deeply missed by his family and friends, and the colleagues and co-workers that he leaves behind in the scientific community. He will be remembered for his endless enthusiasm for science, his analytical mind, and his quirky sense of humour. C1 [Ettema, Thijs J. G.; Lundgren, Magnus; Svard, Staffan G.] Uppsala Univ, Sci Life Lab, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Uppsala, Sweden. [Lindas, Ann-Christin] Stockholm Univ, Wenner Gren Inst, Dept Mol Biosci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Hjort, Karin] Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Biochem & Microbiol, Uppsala, Sweden. [Poplawski, Andrzej B.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Genet, Birmingham, AL USA. [Kaessmann, Henrik] Univ Lausanne, Ctr Integrat Genom, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Kaessmann, Henrik] Swiss Inst Bioinformat, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Grogan, Dennis W.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Kelman, Zvi] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA. [Kelman, Zvi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Rockville, MD USA. [Andersson, Anders F.] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Sci Life Lab, Sch Biotechnol, Div Gene Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Pelve, Erik A.] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Ettema, TJG (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Sci Life Lab, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Uppsala, Sweden. EM thijs.ettema@icm.uu.se RI Kaessmann, Henrik/B-4989-2013; Lindas, Ann-Christin/P-6706-2015; OI Lindas, Ann-Christin/0000-0002-0368-3295; Ettema, Thijs/0000-0002-6898-6377 NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0950-382X EI 1365-2958 J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 92 IS 5 BP 903 EP 909 DI 10.1111/mmi.12608 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA AJ3IU UT WOS:000337560500001 PM 24865634 ER PT J AU Mo, T AF Mo, Tsan TI Inter-satellite calibration of the NOAA AMSU-A measurements over tropical oceans SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Microwave remote sensing; AMSU-A measurements; Ocean brightness temperatures; Intersensor calibration bias ID MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES; POSTLAUNCH CALIBRATION AB Time series of monthly mean brightness temperatures over the tropical ocean (20 degrees S to 20 degrees N) measured under clear-sky condition by two Advance Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) radiometers onboard the polar-orbiting NOAA-18 and NOAA-19 satellites are investigated for the time period from 2009 to 2012. To demonstrate the characteristics of the data over this test site, time series of monthly mean ocean brightness temperatures are constructed separately for the ascending and descending passes. These time series provide a useful pattern of annual variation of the AMSU-A measurements for inter-calibration of microwave radiometers onboard multiple satellites to estimate the Intersatellite/intersensor Calibration Biases (ICBs) at individual channels. Differences (Delta T = T-N18 - T-N19) of monthly mean brightness temperatures (as denoted by T-N18 and TN19, respectively) between the NOAA-18 and NOAA-19 near-nadir measurements are used to estimate the ICBs at individual channels. It is found that the AT values distribute around individual ICBs with near zero slopes, except channel 8 which shows a noticeable anomalous trend in the AT time series. This abnormal behavior coincides with the degradation of the NOAA-19 noise equivalent delta temperatures (NE Delta Ts) which have greatly exceeded the AMSU-A specification since early 2010. This instrument problem is clearly detected in this study. Diurnal variations of the time series of data were corrected with a diurnal cycle of the measurements, which are modeled with a second-order Fourier series, from four AMSU-A radiometers onboard NOAA-15, -16, -18 and METOP-A, respectively. These four satellites have different local equator crossing times across the diurnal period. The results presented in this study will be useful for data users to have a better understanding of the measurements before using these AMSU-A data for weather forecasting or to create data sets for climate applications. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Mo, T (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 149 BP 205 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2014.04.009 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AJ4MU UT WOS:000337651300016 ER PT J AU O'Connor, BT Reid, OG Zhang, XR Kline, RJ Richter, LJ Gundlach, DJ DeLongchamp, DM Toney, MF Kopidakis, N Rumbles, G AF O'Connor, Brendan T. Reid, Obadiah G. Zhang, Xinran Kline, R. Joseph Richter, Lee J. Gundlach, David J. DeLongchamp, Dean M. Toney, Michael F. Kopidakis, Nikos Rumbles, Garry TI Morphological Origin of Charge Transport Anisotropy in Aligned Polythiophene Thin Films SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE organic electronics; conducting polymers; organic field-effect transistors; polymer alignment; P3HT ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; RESOLVED MICROWAVE CONDUCTIVITY; REGIOREGULAR POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); CONJUGATED POLYMERS; HIGH-MOBILITY; MOLECULAR PACKING; CARRIER TRANSPORT; ALIGNMENT; CHAINS; TIME AB The morphological origin of anisotropic charge transport in uniaxially strain aligned poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) films is investigated. The macroscale field effect mobility anisotropy is measured in an organic thin film transistor (OTFT) configuration and compared to the local aggregate P3HT mobility anisotropy determined using time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) measurements. The field effect mobility anisotropy in highly aligned P3HT films is substantially higher than the local mobility anisotropy in the aggregate P3HT. This difference is attributed to preferentially aligned polymer tie-chains at grain boundaries that contribute to macroscale charge transport anisotropy but not the local anisotropy. The formation of sharp grains between oriented crystalline P3HT, through tie chain removal by thermal annealing the strained aligned films, results in an order of magnitude drop in the measured field effect mobility for charge transport parallel to the strain direction. The field effect mobility anisotropy is cut in half while the local mobility anisotropy remains relatively constant. The local mobility anisotropy is found to be surprisingly low in the aligned films, suggesting that the - stacking direction supports charge carrier mobility on the same order of magnitude as that in the intrachain direction, possibly due to poor intrachain mobility through chain torsion. C1 [O'Connor, Brendan T.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Reid, Obadiah G.; Kopidakis, Nikos; Rumbles, Garry] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Energy Sci Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Zhang, Xinran; Kline, R. Joseph; Richter, Lee J.; DeLongchamp, Dean M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gundlach, David J.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Toney, Michael F.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP O'Connor, BT (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM btoconno@ncsu.edu; deand@nist.gov; garry.rumbles@nrel.gov RI O'Connor, Brendan/K-8640-2012; Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Zhang, Xinran/D-2908-2014; Kopidakis, Nikos/N-4777-2015; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016; OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724; Rumbles, Garry/0000-0003-0776-1462 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Solar Photochemistry Program, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory [06RF1002]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; NIST/NRC; National Science Foundation [CMMI-1200340] FX The authors thank Kevin Yager for assistance with the GI-SAXS measurements. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a Directorate of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Stanford University. Research was carried out in part at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The TRMC system described here, was funded by the Solar Photochemistry Program, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. Portions of the experimental work were supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory under task number 06RF1002. Work conducted at NREL was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. B. O'Connor would like to acknowledge NIST/NRC post-doctoral fellowship and support of this work by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CMMI-1200340. NR 48 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 9 U2 93 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 24 IS 22 BP 3422 EP 3431 DI 10.1002/adfm.201303351 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AJ2MQ UT WOS:000337490600022 ER PT J AU Madigan, DJ Baumann, Z Carlisle, AB Hoen, DK Popp, BN Dewar, H Snodgrass, OE Block, BA Fisher, NS AF Madigan, Daniel J. Baumann, Zofia Carlisle, Aaron B. Hoen, Danielle K. Popp, Brian N. Dewar, Heidi Snodgrass, Owyn E. Block, Barbara A. Fisher, Nicholas S. TI Reconstructing transoceanic migration patterns of Pacific bluefin tuna using a chemical tracer toolbox SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cs-134; Cs-137; amino acid compound-specific stable isotope analysis; Fukushima; pelagic predators; stable isotope; Thunnus orientalis ID FUKUSHIMA-DERIVED RADIONUCLIDES; THUNNUS-ORIENTALIS; TROPHIC POSITION; STABLE-ISOTOPES; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; MARINE SYSTEMS; YELLOWFIN TUNA; NORTH PACIFIC; OCEAN; JAPAN AB Large pelagic predators play important roles in oceanic ecosystems, and may migrate vast distances to utilize resources in different marine ecoregions. Understanding movement patterns of migratory marine animals is critical for effective management, but often challenging, due to the cryptic habitat of pelagic migrators and the difficulty of assessing past movements. Chemical tracers can partially circumvent these challenges by reconstructing recent migration patterns. Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis; PBFT) inhabit the western and eastern Pacific Ocean, and are in steep decline due to overfishing. Understanding age-specific eastward transpacific migration patterns can improve management practices, but these migratory dynamics remain largely unquantified. Here, we combine a Fukushima-derived radiotracer (Cs-134) with bulk tissue and amino acid stable isotope analyses of PBFT to distinguish recent migrants from residents of the eastern Pacific Ocean. The proportion of recent migrants to residents decreased in older year classes, though the proportion of older PBFT that recently migrated across the Pacific was greater than previous estimates. This novel toolbox of biogeochemical tracers can be applied to any species that crosses the North Pacific Ocean. C1 [Madigan, Daniel J.; Carlisle, Aaron B.; Block, Barbara A.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Baumann, Zofia; Fisher, Nicholas S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Hoen, Danielle K.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Popp, Brian N.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Dewar, Heidi; Snodgrass, Owyn E.] NOAA, Fisheries Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Madigan, DJ (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 105 Dana Hall, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM daniel.madigan@stonybrook.edu OI Popp, Brian/0000-0001-7021-5478 FU National Science Foundation [NSF-OCE 1041329, 1305791]; NOAA; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Stanford Graduate Fellowship FX We thank the captains and crew of the F/V Shogun for assistance in sample collection and the anonymous fishermen who provided tuna samples in San Diego. D. Fuller assisted in collection of tuna and prey samples. J. Adelson, S. Crawford, and A. B. Hines assisted with GCA analyses. C. Farwell, L. Rodriguez, R. Schallert, J. Noguiera, T. Brandt, A. Norton, E. Estess, N. Arnoldi, and others helped collect tuna samples. We thank Allen Andrews and an anonymous referee for comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Research cruises were funded by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Foundation and Stanford University. This research was partially funded by the National Science Foundation grant NSF-OCE 1041329 to B. N. Popp and J. C. Drazen, by grants from NOAA and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation to N. Fisher, and a Stanford Graduate Fellowship to D. J. Madigan. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology under Grant No. 1305791. We thank the Mexican government for permitting bluefin sample collection in Mexican waters. This is SOEST Contribution Number 9044. NR 52 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 56 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUN PY 2014 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1674 EP 1683 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AI9AQ UT WOS:000337218500025 PM 25039231 ER PT J AU Pirkl, RJ Remley, KA AF Pirkl, Ryan J. Remley, Kate A. TI Experimental Evaluation of the Statistical Isotropy of a Reverberation Chamber's Plane-Wave Spectrum SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE Antenna-environment multiple scattering; power-angle profile; power-angle spectrum; power-delay-angle profile; reverberation chamber ID ERROR RATE MEASUREMENTS; RADIATION EFFICIENCY; ELECTRICALLY LARGE; DIVERSITY GAIN; MOBILE RADIO; ANTENNAS; ENVIRONMENT; CAPACITY; CAVITIES; FIELDS AB Synthetic-aperture measurements in a loaded reverberation chamber are used to calculate power-angle profiles describing the instantaneous distribution of received power versus azimuth angle-of-arrival. Averaging multiple power-angle profiles leads to estimates of the reverberation chamber's power-angle spectrum. A comparison to simulated power-angle spectra for an ideal reverberation chamber indicates that the loaded reverberation chamber tends to provide a statistically anisotropic plane-wave spectrum. Analysis of the measurements' power-delay-angle profiles suggest that this anisotropy due to both the presence of unstirred multipath components and strong early-time stirred multipath components arising from reflections off of the mode-stirring paddles' planar surfaces. Guidelines are provided for minimizing the effect of a statistically anisotropic plane-wave spectrum, such as the use of additional stirring mechanisms and minimizing the contributions of unstirred multipath components. C1 [Pirkl, Ryan J.; Remley, Kate A.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, RF Fields Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Pirkl, RJ (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, RF Fields Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM rpirkl@gmail.com; kate.remley@nist.gov FU National Research Council FX This work was supported by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship. U.S. Government work, not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 EI 1558-187X J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 56 IS 3 BP 498 EP 509 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2013.2289302 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AI8DB UT WOS:000337134900001 ER PT J AU Lakshmanan, V Karstens, C Krause, J Tang, L AF Lakshmanan, Valliappa Karstens, Christopher Krause, John Tang, Lin TI Quality Control of Weather Radar Data Using Polarimetric Variables SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONPRECIPITATING ECHOES; ANOMALOUS PROPAGATION; REFLECTIVITY DATA; NEURAL-NETWORKS; CLUTTER; CLASSIFICATION; ALGORITHM; WSR-88D; IDENTIFICATION; RAINFALL AB Because weather radar data are commonly employed in automated weather applications, it is necessary to censor nonmeteorological contaminants, such as bioscatter, instrument artifacts, and ground clutter, from the data. With the operational deployment of a widespread polarimetric S-band radar network in the United States, it has become possible to fully utilize polarimetric data in the quality control (QC) process. At each range gate, a pattern vector consisting of the values of the polarimetric and Doppler moments, and local variance of some of these features, as well as 3D virtual volume features, is computed. Patterns that cannot be preclassified based on correlation coefficient p(HV), differential reflectivity Z(dr), and reflectivity are presented to a neural network that was trained on historical data. The neural network and preclassifier produce a pixelwise probability of precipitation at that range gate. The range gates are then clustered into contiguous regions of reflectivity, with bimodal clustering carried out close to the radar and clustering based purely on spatial connectivity farther away from the radar. The pixelwise probabilities are averaged within each cluster, and the cluster is either retained or censored depending on whether this average probability is greater than or less than 0.5. The QC algorithm was evaluated on a set of independent cases and found to perform well, with a Heidke skill score (HSS) of about 0.8. A simple gate-by-gate classifier, consisting of three simple rules, is also introduced in this paper and can be used if the full QC method is not able to be applied. The simple classifier has an HSS of about 0.6 on the independent dataset. C1 [Lakshmanan, Valliappa] Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73072 USA. Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Lakshmanan, V (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM lakshman@ou.edu FU NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-OU, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX Funding for the authors was provided by NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-OU Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. The technique described in this paper has been implemented as part of the Warning Decision Support System-Integrated Information (WDSS-II; Lakshmanan et al. (2007b)) as the program w2qcnndp. It is available for free download (at http://www.wdssii.org/). The weights and biases of Eq. (1) are also available as a text file separate from the code itself. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1234 EP 1249 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00073.1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI8VJ UT WOS:000337204800003 ER PT J AU Conley, SA Faloona, IC Lenschow, DH Karion, A Sweeney, C AF Conley, Stephen A. Faloona, Ian C. Lenschow, Donald H. Karion, Anna Sweeney, Colm TI A Low-Cost System for Measuring Horizontal Winds from Single-Engine Aircraft SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; AIR MOTION; CALIBRATION; TURBULENCE AB The implementation and accuracy of a low-rate (similar to 1 Hz) horizontal wind measurement system is described for a fixed-wing aircraft without modification to the airframe. The system is based on a global positioning system (GPS) compass that provides aircraft heading and a ground-referenced velocity, which, when subtracted from the standard true airspeed, provides estimates of the horizontal wind velocity. A series of tests was performed flying "L"-shaped patterns above the boundary layer, where the winds were assumed to be horizontally homogeneous over the area bounded by the flight (approximately 25 km(2)). Four headings were flown at each altitude at a constant airspeed. Scaling corrections for both heading and airspeed were found by minimizing the variance in the 1-s wind measurements; an upper limit to the error was then computed by calculating the variance of the corrected wind measurements on each of the four headings. A typical uncertainty found in this manner tends to be less than 0.2 ms(-1). The measurement system described herein is inexpensive and relatively easy to implement on single-engine aircraft. C1 [Conley, Stephen A.; Faloona, Ian C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lenschow, Donald H.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Karion, Anna; Sweeney, Colm] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Karion, Anna; Sweeney, Colm] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Conley, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM saconley@ucdavis.edu OI LENSCHOW, DONALD/0000-0003-4353-0098 FU NOAA; Environmental Defense Fund; Bay Area Air Quality Management District FX Funding for the test flights was provided by NOAA, the Environmental Defense Fund, and the Bay Area Air Quality Management District. The comments of the anonymous reviewers were extremely helpful in the preparation of this manuscript. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1312 EP 1320 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00143.1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI8VJ UT WOS:000337204800009 ER PT J AU Miao, HX Gomella, AA Chedid, N Chen, L Wen, H AF Miao, Houxun Gomella, Andrew A. Chedid, Nicholas Chen, Lei Wen, Han TI Fabrication of 200 nm Period Hard X-ray Phase Gratings SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE X-ray grating far-field interferometer; X-ray phase contrast imaging; nanoimprint lithography; cryogenic reactive ion etch; atomic layer deposition; electroplating ID DIFFRACTION GRATINGS; COMPACT SOURCE; INTERFEROMETER; DEPOSITION; GOLD AB Far field X-ray grating interferometry achieves extraordinary phase sensitivity in imaging weakly absorbing samples, provided that the grating period is within the transverse coherence length of the X-ray source. Here we describe a cost-efficient process to fabricate large area, 100 nm half-pitch hard X-ray phase gratings with an aspect ratio of 32. The nanometric gratings are suitable for ordinary compact X-ray sources having low spatial coherence, as demonstrated by X-ray diffraction experiments. C1 [Miao, Houxun; Gomella, Andrew A.; Chedid, Nicholas; Wen, Han] NHLBI, Imaging Phys Lab, Biochem & Biophys Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Chen, Lei] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Miao, HX (reprint author), NHLBI, Imaging Phys Lab, Biochem & Biophys Ctr, NIH, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM miaoh@mail.nih.gov; han.wen@nih.gov RI Wen, Han/G-3081-2010 OI Wen, Han/0000-0001-6844-2997 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. FX We sincerely thank Eric Bennett, Gary Melvin, and Dumitru Mazilu of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of National Institutes of Health for their assistance in mechanical engineering and the staff of the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology of National Institute of Standards and Technology for assistance on the fabrication. This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials (or suppliers) are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 14 IS 6 BP 3453 EP 3458 DI 10.1021/nl5009713 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AJ0JP UT WOS:000337337100073 PM 24845537 ER PT J AU Crespo-Medina, M Meile, CD Hunter, KS Diercks, AR Asper, VL Orphan, VJ Tavormina, PL Nigro, LM Battles, JJ Chanton, JP Shiller, AM Joung, DJ Amon, RMW Bracco, A Montoya, JP Villareal, TA Wood, AM Joye, SB AF Crespo-Medina, M. Meile, C. D. Hunter, K. S. Diercks, A-R. Asper, V. L. Orphan, V. J. Tavormina, P. L. Nigro, L. M. Battles, J. J. Chanton, J. P. Shiller, A. M. Joung, D-J. Amon, R. M. W. Bracco, A. Montoya, J. P. Villareal, T. A. Wood, A. M. Joye, S. B. TI The rise and fall of methanotrophy following a deepwater oil-well blowout SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; METHYLOSINUS-TRICHOSPORIUM OB3B; METHANE MONOOXYGENASE; MARINE BACTERIOPLANKTON; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; HYDROCARBON GASES; OXIDATION; REVEALS; HORIZON; SLOPE AB The blowout of the Macondo oil well in the Gulf of Mexico in April 2010 injected up to 500,000 tonnes of natural gas, mainly methane, into the deep sea(1). Most of the methane released was thought to have been consumed by marine microbes between July and August 2010(2,3). Here, we report spatially extensive measurements of methane concentrations and oxidation rates in the nine months following the spill. We show that although gas- rich deepwater plumes were a short- lived feature, water column concentrations of methane remained above background levels throughout the rest of the year. Rates of microbial methane oxidation peaked in the deepwater plumes in May and early June, coincident with a rapid rise in the abundance of known and new methane- oxidizing microbes. At this time, rates of methane oxidation reached up to 5,900 nmol l(-1) d(-1)-the highest rates documented in the global pelagic ocean before the blowout(4). Rates of methane oxidation fell to less than 50 nmol l(-1) d(-1) in late June, and continued to decline throughout the remainder of the year. We suggest the precipitous drop in methane consumption in late June, despite the persistence of methane in the water column, underscores the important role that physiological and environmental factors play in constraining the activity of methane- oxidizing bacteria in the Gulf of Mexico. C1 [Crespo-Medina, M.; Meile, C. D.; Hunter, K. S.; Battles, J. J.; Joye, S. B.] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Diercks, A-R.] Univ So Mississippi, Natl Inst Underwater Sci & Technol, Abbeville, MS 38601 USA. [Asper, V. L.; Shiller, A. M.; Joung, D-J.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Orphan, V. J.; Tavormina, P. L.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Nigro, L. M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Chanton, J. P.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Amon, R. M. W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Sci, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Bracco, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Montoya, J. P.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Villareal, T. A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Wood, A. M.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Joye, SB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mjoye@uga.edu RI Orphan, Victoria/K-1002-2014; Villareal, Tracy/I-9462-2012; OI Orphan, Victoria/0000-0002-5374-6178; Meile, Christof/0000-0002-0825-4596; Joye, Samantha/0000-0003-1610-451X; Shiller, Alan/0000-0002-2068-7909 FU NOAA [NA07AR4300464] FX We thank C. Mann, A. Vossmeyer, J. Slaughter, C. Comerford, L. Potter, V. Samarkin and S. Cummings for assistance at sea and/or in the laboratory; M. Chistoserdova for providing advice on constructing qPCR primers and for providing pure cultures of methanotrophs; I. MacDonald, T. Treude and M. Chistoserdova provided constructive feedback on a previous version of this manuscript. Finally we thank the science parties and ship's crews of RV Pelican, RV Nancy Foster, RV Walton Smith, RV Oceanus, RV Cape Hatteras, MY Arctic Sunrise and RV Atlantis. This work was supported by the NOAA Award NA07AR4300464 to the National Institute for Undersea Science and Technology (V. L. A., A. R. D. and S. B. J.), the Department of Energy (Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Research Consortium, 07- 11- 036 to J. P. C.), the National Science Foundation (OCE- 1043225 to S. B. J., OCE- 0926699 to T. A. V. and OCE- 1042934 to A. M. S.), the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (ECOGIG (S. B. J., V. L. A., A. B., J. P. C., A. R. D, J. P. M., C. D. M. and T. A. V.) and DEEP- C (J. P. C.)) and the Northern Gulf Institute (A. M. S.). Greenpeace and Texas A& M at Galveston facilitated the A r c t i c S u n r i s e expedition. This is ECOGIG contribution # 192 and the data fall under GRIIDC accession number (R1. x132.134: 0057). NR 30 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 78 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 7 IS 6 BP 423 EP 427 DI 10.1038/NGEO2156 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AI8KY UT WOS:000337164400013 ER PT J AU Clark, AJ Bullock, RG Jensen, TL Xue, M Kong, FY AF Clark, Adam J. Bullock, Randy G. Jensen, Tara L. Xue, Ming Kong, Fanyou TI Application of Object-Based Time-Domain Diagnostics for Tracking Precipitation Systems in Convection-Allowing Models SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; HIERARCHICAL CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; DOUBLE-MOMENT MICROPHYSICS; WARM-SEASON PRECIPITATION; PART I; RADAR DATA; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; FORECAST VERIFICATION; CLIMATE MODELS; SENSITIVITY AB Meaningful verification and evaluation of convection-allowing models requires approaches that do not rely on point-to-point matches of forecast and observed fields. In this study, one such approach a beta version of the Method for Object-Based Diagnostic Evaluation (MODE) that incorporates the time dimension [known as MODE time-domain (MODE-TD)]-was applied to 30-h precipitation forecasts from four 4-km grid-spacing members of the 2010 Storm-Scale Ensemble Forecast system with different microphysics parameterizations. Including time in MODE-TD provides information on rainfall system evolution like lifetime, timing of initiation and dissipation, and translation. The simulations depicted the spatial distribution of time-domain precipitation objects across the United States quite well. However, all simulations overpredicted the number of objects, with the Thompson microphysics scheme overpredicting the most and the Morrison method the least. For the smallest smoothing radius and rainfall threshold used to define objects [8 km and 0.10 in. (1 in. = 2.54 cm), respectively], the most common object duration was 3 h in both models and observations. With an increased smoothing radius and rainfall threshold, the most common duration became shorter. The simulations depicted the diurnal cycle of object frequencies well, but overpredicted object frequencies uniformly across all forecast hours. The simulations had spurious maxima in initiating objects at the beginning of the forecast and a corresponding spurious maximum in dissipating objects slightly later. Examining average object velocities, a slow bias was found in the simulations, which was most pronounced in the Thompson member. These findings should aid users and developers of convection-allowing models and motivate future work utilising time-domain methods for verifying high-resolution forecasts. C1 [Clark, Adam J.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Clark, Adam J.] NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Bullock, Randy G.; Jensen, Tara L.] Dev Testbed Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Xue, Ming; Kong, Fanyou] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Clark, AJ (reprint author), NSSL FRDD, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM adam.clark@noaa.gov RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238 FU Developmental Testbed Center (DTC); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement [NA17RJ1227]; U.S.. Department of Commerce; NSF [AGS-0802888, OCI-0905040, AGS-0941491, AGS-1046171, AGS-1046081] FX Support for this project was provided by the Developmental Testbed Center (DTC). The DTC Visitor Program is funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Center for Atmospheric Research and the National Science Foundation. Funding was also provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement #NA17RJ1227, U.S.. Department of Commerce. CAPS SSEF forecasts were supported by the NOAA Collaborative Science, Technology, and Applied Research (CSTAR) Program with supplementary support from NSF grant AGS-0802888. M. Xue was also supported by NSF grants OCI-0905040, AGS-0941491, AGS-1046171, and AGS-1046081. CAPS forecasts were supported by an allocation through the XSEDE supercomputing program supported by the National Science Foundation. The computations were performed on Athena (a Cray XT4) at the National Institute for Computational Science (http://www.nics.tennessee.edu/). CAPS also utilized resources from the OU Supercomputing Center for Research and Education for ensemble post-processing. We thank three anonymous reviewers for providing very helpful comments/suggestions that improved the manuscript. NR 60 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 29 IS 3 BP 517 EP 542 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00098.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI9OG UT WOS:000337261300003 ER PT J AU Carrasco, CA Landsea, CW Lin, YL AF Carrasco, Cristina Alexandra Landsea, Christopher William Lin, Yuh-Lang TI The Influence of Tropical Cyclone Size on Its Intensification SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-HURRICANE-CENTER; PREDICTION SCHEME SHIPS; NORTH PACIFIC BASINS; ATLANTIC BASIN; INTENSITY; CLIMATOLOGY; IMPROVEMENT AB This study investigates tropical cyclones of the past two decades (1990-2010) and the connection, if any, between their size and their ability to subsequently undergo rapid intensification (RI). Three different parameters are chosen to define the size of a tropical cyclone: radius of maximum wind (RMW), the average 34-knot (kt; 1 kt = 0.51 m s(-1)) radius (AR34), and the radius of the outermost closed isobar (ROCI). The data for this study, coming from the North Atlantic hurricane database second generation (HURDAT2), as well as the extended best-track dataset, are organized into 24-h intervals of either RI or slow intensification/constant intensity periods (non-RI periods). Each interval includes the intensity (maximum sustained surface wind speed), RMW, AR34, and ROCI at the beginning of the period and the change of intensity during the subsequent 24-h period. Results indicate that the ability to undergo RI shows significant sensitivity to initial size. Comparisons between RI and non-RI cyclones confirm that tropical cyclones that undergo RI are more likely to be smaller initially than those that do not. Analyses show that the RMW and AR34 have the strongest negative correlation with the change of intensity. Scatterplots imply there is a general maximum size threshold for RMW and AR34, above which RI is extremely rare. In contrast, the overall size of the tropical cyclones, as measured by ROCI, appears to have little to no relationship with subsequent intensification. The results of this work suggest that intensity forecasts and RI predictions in particular may be aided by the use of the initial size as measured by RMW and AR34. C1 [Carrasco, Cristina Alexandra; Lin, Yuh-Lang] North Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Landsea, Christopher William] NOAA NWS NCEP Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA. RP Lin, YL (reprint author), North Carolina A&T State Univ, EES ISET, 302H,Gibbs Hall,1601 E Market St, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. EM ylin@ncat.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Educational Partnership Program [NA06OAR4810187]; National Science Foundation [AGS-1265783] FX The lead author would like to thank the members of her master's thesis committee, especially her advisor, Yuh-Lang Lin, for his availability and advice during this research. Many thanks are owed to Christopher Landsea for being a continuing source of knowledge and guidance and for his constant constructive suggestions provided throughout this study. Three reviewers of this paper provided constructive criticism that substantially improved the paper. This research was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Educational Partnership Program under Cooperative Agreement NA06OAR4810187 (2006-12) and by National Science Foundation Award AGS-1265783. Stacy Stewart and Dave Zelinsky provided insightful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 29 IS 3 BP 582 EP 590 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00092.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI9OG UT WOS:000337261300006 ER PT J AU Blair, SF Leighton, JW AF Blair, Scott F. Leighton, Jared W. TI Assessing Real-Time Tornado Information Disseminated through NWS Products SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PROTECTIVE ACTION; DECISION-MAKING; CLIMATOLOGY; WARNINGS; COMMUNICATION; THUNDERSTORMS; INTENSITY; OKLAHOMA; WEATHER AB Real-time confirmation of a tornado specified in National Weather Service (NWS) warnings and statements is believed to increase the credibility and urgency of these critical warning messages for the end user, because it represents the greatest degree of certainty that the hazard exists. This timely tornado information disseminated in official NWS products and relayed through multiple sources by private and public partners may help the public believe, personalize, confirm, and respond to the warning message. This is the first study to explicitly assess the frequency of real-time confirmation of ongoing tornadoes within NWS products and explore what unique conditions may facilitate or hinder this process. Tornado reports and their respective NWS warnings and statements during a 5-yr period from 2007 to 2011 across the central contiguous United States were compiled and examined. Overall, 40% of tornadoes were confirmed in NWS products in real time. Increasing tornado pathlength, duration, and intensity subsequently resulted in an increasing likelihood of real-time confirmation prior to the tornado dissipating. The time of day was a factor; nighttime tornadoes were 20% less likely to receive real-time confirmation than daytime events. Additionally, increasing tornado forecast risk in products issued by the Storm Prediction Center corresponded to an increasing likelihood of real-time confirmation. Analysis of these data reveals specific scenarios when tornadoes are more or less likely to be reported in real time, providing some guidance for when timely ground-truth information may or may not be available. C1 [Blair, Scott F.; Leighton, Jared W.] NOAA NWS Weather Forecast Off, Pleasant Hill, MO 64080 USA. RP Blair, SF (reprint author), NOAA NWS Weather Forecast Off, 1803 N 7 Hwy, Pleasant Hill, MO 64080 USA. EM scott.blair@noaa.gov NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 29 IS 3 BP 591 EP 600 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00126.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI9OG UT WOS:000337261300007 ER PT J AU Calhoun, KM Smith, TM Kingfield, DM Gao, JD Stensrud, DJ AF Calhoun, Kristin M. Smith, Travis M. Kingfield, Darrel M. Gao, Jidong Stensrud, David J. TI Forecaster Use and Evaluation of Real-Time 3D VAR Analyses during Severe Thunderstorm and Tornado Warning Operations in the Hazardous Weather Testbed SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE-SCALE; ON-FORECAST; SYSTEM; ASSIMILATION AB A weather-adaptive three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) system was included in the NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed as a first step toward introducing warn-on-forecast initiatives into operations. NWS forecasters were asked to incorporate the data in conjunction with single-radar and multisensor products in the Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (AWIPS) as part of their warning-decision process for real-time events across the United States. During the 2011 and 2012 experiments, forecasters examined more than 36 events, including tornadic supercells, severe squall lines, and multicell storms. Products from the 3D VAR analyses were available to forecasters at 1-km horizontal resolution every 5 min, with a 4-6-min latency, incorporating data from the national Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) network and the North American Mesoscale model. Forecasters found the updraft, vertical vorticity, and storm-top divergence products the most useful for storm interrogation and quickly visualizing storm trends, often using these tools to increase the confidence in a warning decision and/or issue the warning slightly earlier. The 3DVAR analyses were most consistent and reliable when the storm of interest was in close proximity to one of the assimilated WSR-88D, or data from multiple radars were incorporated into the analysis. The latter was extremely useful to forecasters in blending data rather than having to analyze multiple radars separately, especially when range folding obscured the data from one or more radars. The largest hurdle for the real-time use of 3DVAR or similar data assimilation products by forecasters is the data latency, as even 4-6 min reduces the utility of the products when new radar scans are available. C1 [Calhoun, Kristin M.; Smith, Travis M.; Kingfield, Darrel M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Calhoun, Kristin M.; Smith, Travis M.; Kingfield, Darrel M.; Gao, Jidong; Stensrud, David J.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, NOAA, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Calhoun, KM (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM kristin.kuhlman@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX We thank all the forecasters that visited the test bed during the experimental warning program and provided the feedback discussed in this paper. Every comment discussing workload and color scale was useful toward making better and more functional tools. Additionally, Karen Cooper and Brett Morrow at NSSL/INDUS were instrumental in getting the system operational and keeping it going throughout the experiment. We also thank the three anonymous reviewers for comments that helped improve the quality of the manuscript. Finally, we also want to acknowledge the other scientists and support staff that organized, tested, and participated in HWT activities during both years of 3DVAR testing in the EWP including Greg Stumpf, Kiel Ortega, Jim LaDue, Gabe Garfield, and Kevin Manross. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 29 IS 3 BP 601 EP 613 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00107.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI9OG UT WOS:000337261300008 ER PT J AU Kennedy, PC Rutledge, SA Dolan, B Thaler, E AF Kennedy, Patrick C. Rutledge, Steven A. Dolan, Brenda Thaler, Eric TI Observations of the 14 July 2011 Fort Collins Hailstorm: Implications for WSR-88D-Based Hail Detection and Warnings SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID POLARIMETRIC RADAR; THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION; MULTIPARAMETER RADAR; ELECTRICAL STRUCTURE; POLARIZATION RADAR; PART I; SUPERCELL; PRECIPITATION; STORM; MICROPHYSICS AB The issuance of timely warnings for the occurrence of severe-class hail (hailstone diameters of 2.5 cm or larger) remains an ongoing challenge for operational forecasters. This study examines the application of two remotely sensed data sources between 0100 and 0400 UTC 14 July 2011 when pulse-type severe thunderstorms occurred in the jurisdiction of the Denver/Boulder National Weather Service (NWS) Forecast Office in Colorado. First, a developing hailstorm was jointly observed by the dual-polarization Colorado State University University of Chicago Illinois State Water Survey (CSU-CHILL) research radar and by the operational, single-polarization NWS radar at Denver/Front Range (KFTG). During the time period leading up to the issuance of the initial severe thunderstorm warning, the dual-polarization radar data near the 0 degrees C altitude contained a positive differential reflectivity ZDR column (indicating a strong updraft lofting supercooled raindrops above the freezing level). Correlation coefficient rho(HV) reductions to similar to 0.93, probably due to the presence of growing hailstones, were observed above the freezing level in portions of the developing >55-dBZ echo core. Second, data from the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN), including the locations and polarity of cloud-to-ground (CG) discharges produced by several of the evening's storms, were processed. Some association was found between the prevalence of positive CGs and storms that produced severe hail. The analyses indicate that the use of the dual-polarization data provided by the upgraded Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D), in combination with the NLDN data stream, can assist operational forecasters in the real-time identification of thunderstorms that pose a severe hail threat. C1 [Kennedy, Patrick C.; Rutledge, Steven A.; Dolan, Brenda] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Thaler, Eric] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv Forecast Off, Denver, CO USA. RP Kennedy, PC (reprint author), CSU CHILL Radar, 30750 Weld Cty Rd 45, Greeley, CO 80631 USA. EM patrick.kennedy@colostate.edu FU National Science Foundation [AGS1138116] FX Comments provided by Paul Schlatter (NOAA) and two anonymous reviewers materially improved the original version of this paper. Support for the first two authors and for the CSU-CHILL national radar facility is provided by the National Science Foundation through Cooperative Agreement AGS1138116. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 29 IS 3 BP 623 EP 638 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00075.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI9OG UT WOS:000337261300010 ER PT J AU Cintineo, JL Pavolonis, MJ Sieglaff, JM Lindsey, DT AF Cintineo, John L. Pavolonis, Michael J. Sieglaff, Justin M. Lindsey, Daniel T. TI An Empirical Model for Assessing the Severe Weather Potential of Developing Convection SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION HAIL CLIMATOLOGY; CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; DETECTION ALGORITHM; STORM INITIATION; SATELLITE DATA; WSR-88D; EVOLUTION; FORECAST; SUPERCELL; TRACKING AB The formation and maintenance of thunderstorms that produce large hail, strong winds, and tornadoes are often difficult to forecast due to their rapid evolution and complex interactions with environmental features that are challenging to observe. Given inherent uncertainties in storm development, it is intuitive to predict severe storms in a probabilistic manner. This paper presents such an approach to forecasting severe thunderstorms and their associated hazards, fusing together data from several sources as input into a statistical model. Mesoscale numerical weather prediction (NWP) models have been developed in part to forecast environments favorable to severe storm development. Geostationary satellites, such as the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) series, maintain a frequently updating view of growing cumulus clouds over the contiguous United States to provide temporal trends in developing convection to forecasters. The Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) network delivers repeated scans of hydrometeors inside storms, monitoring the intensification of hydrometeor size and extent, as well as hydrometeor motion. Forecasters utilize NWP models, and GOES and NEXRAD data, at different stages of the forecast of severe storms, and the model described in this paper exploits data from each in an attempt to predict severe hazards in a more accurate and timely manner while providing uncertainty information to the forecaster. A preliminary evaluation of the model demonstrates good skill in the forecast of storms, and also displays the potential to increase lead time on severe hazards, as measured relative to the issuance times of National Weather Service (NWS) severe thunderstorm and tornado warnings and occurrence times of severe events in local storm reports. C1 [Cintineo, John L.; Sieglaff, Justin M.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Pavolonis, Michael J.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Adv Satellite Prod Team, Madison, WI USA. [Lindsey, Daniel T.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Reg & Mesoscale Meteorol Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Cintineo, JL (reprint author), Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jlc248@gmail.com RI Pavolonis, Mike/F-5618-2010; Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010 OI Pavolonis, Mike/0000-0001-5822-219X; Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683 FU NOAA GIMPAP (GOES I/M Product Assurance Plan) FX The authors would like to acknowledge NOAA GIMPAP (GOES I/M Product Assurance Plan) for support of this research, as well as Valliappa Lakshmanan, Travis Smith, and Karen Cooper at OU/CIMMS NOAA/NSSL for supplying weather radar data in real-time. The authors also acknowledge three anonymous reviewers, whose comments greatly enhanced the development of this manuscript. The views, opinions and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 61 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 29 IS 3 BP 639 EP 653 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00113.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI9OG UT WOS:000337261300011 ER PT J AU Kovach, RP Joyce, JE Vulstek, SC Barrientos, EM Tallmon, DA AF Kovach, Ryan P. Joyce, John E. Vulstek, Scott C. Barrientos, Evan M. Tallmon, David A. TI Variable effects of climate and density on the juvenile ecology of two salmonids in an Alaskan lake SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; SOCKEYE-SALMON; FRESH-WATER; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; MARINE SURVIVAL; BETA REGRESSION; PINK SALMON; BODY-SIZE AB Despite concerns over rapidly warming temperatures, an empirical understanding of climatic impacts on wild salmonid populations is limited. We tested how temperature and density affected juvenile coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) using a 31 year census from an Alaskan lake. There were positive effects of temperature on overall salmon biomass, sockeye biomass, and the length of age 2 sockeye smolts. There was, however, little evidence for relationships between temperature or length of growing season and coho biomass, coho length, smolts per spawner (both species), and age structure (both species). In some cases there were temporal changes contrary to what is generally expected in a warming Alaskan lake with longer growing seasons (e. g., increasing proportions of age 2 smolts). Intraspecific density was negatively related to sockeye length at out-migration, but there was no evidence for relationships between density and other response variables. Overall, patterns observed here and in other studies emphasize that responses to climatic variation can vary substantially across locations, between similar species occupying the same habitats, and among alternative life history strategies within populations. C1 [Kovach, Ryan P.; Tallmon, David A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Joyce, John E.; Vulstek, Scott C.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Barrientos, Evan M.; Tallmon, David A.] Univ Alaska Southeast, Biol & Marine Biol Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Barrientos, Evan M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kovach, RP (reprint author), Univ Montana, Flathead Biol Stn, 32111 BioStn Lane, Polson, MT 59860 USA. EM rpkovach@gmail.com FU North Pacific Research Board [1110]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [45965]; Alaska NSF EPSCoR Graduate Research Fellowship; NSF REU program FX We thank S. Taylor, J. Echave, and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game for collecting much of these data and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. Department of Commerce, or the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. This research was prepared by R.P.K. and D.A.T. under North Pacific Research Board project 1110 (publication number 472) and award 45965 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, administered by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. R. P. K. was also supported by an Alaska NSF EPSCoR Graduate Research Fellowship, and E. M. B. was supported by the NSF REU program. NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 33 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 71 IS 6 BP 799 EP 807 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0577 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI7UT UT WOS:000337106500002 ER PT J AU Sagarese, SR Frisk, MG Cerrato, RM Sosebee, KA Musick, JA Rago, PJ AF Sagarese, Skyler R. Frisk, Michael G. Cerrato, Robert M. Sosebee, Kathy A. Musick, John A. Rago, Paul J. TI Application of generalized additive models to examine ontogenetic and seasonal distributions of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) in the Northeast (US) shelf large marine ecosystem SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN SEA; COD GADUS-MORHUA; GEORGES-BANK; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; DEMERSAL FISH; HYDROGRAPHIC VARIABLES; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ABUNDANCE AB Increased commercial importance of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) combined with an often debated, and controversial, ecological impact has warranted an investigation of the relationship among distribution, environment, and prey to better understand the species ecology and inform management. To elucidate mechanisms behind distributional changes, we modeled seasonal occurrence and abundance of neonate, immature, and mature spiny dogfish as functions of abiotic and biotic factors using generalized additive models and Northeast Fisheries Science Center bottom trawl survey data. Significant nonlinear relationships were widespread throughout dogfish stages and seasons. Seasonal occurrence was tightly linked to depth and bottom temperature, with year and Julian day influential for some stages. While these factors also influenced abundance, ecological factors (e. g., squid abundances) significantly contributed to trends for many stages. Potential impacts of climate change were evaluated by forecasting distributions under different temperature scenarios, which revealed higher regional probabilities of occurrence for most stages during a warmer than average year. Our results can be used to better understand the relationship between sampling periods and movement drivers to survey catchability of the population in the Northeast (US) shelf large marine ecosystem. C1 [Sagarese, Skyler R.; Frisk, Michael G.; Cerrato, Robert M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Sosebee, Kathy A.; Rago, Paul J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Musick, John A.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Sagarese, SR (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM s.sagarese@rsmas.miami.edu FU National Marine Fisheries Service Sea Grant Fellowship in Population Dynamics FX We thank all those who have worked or volunteered aboard the NOAA RVs Albatross IV and Henry B. Bigelow, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, for assistance with data collection. This project was funded by the National Marine Fisheries Service Sea Grant Fellowship in Population Dynamics. NR 93 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 30 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 71 IS 6 BP 847 EP 877 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0342 PG 31 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI7UT UT WOS:000337106500007 ER PT J AU Alvarez, MS Vera, CS Kiladis, GN Liebmann, B AF Alvarez, Mariano S. Vera, C. S. Kiladis, G. N. Liebmann, B. TI Intraseasonal variability in South America during the cold season SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Intraseasonal variability; Winter; Outgoing longwave radiation; South America ID ROSSBY-WAVE PROPAGATION; OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; ATLANTIC CONVERGENCE ZONE; TELECONNECTION PATTERNS; HEMISPHERE WINTER; PRINCIPAL MODES; PRECIPITATION; BLOCKING; PACIFIC; OSCILLATIONS AB Intraseasonal (IS) variability in South America is analyzed during the cold season using 10-90 day bandpass filtered OLR anomalies (FOLR). IS variability explains a large percentage of variance with maximum values over Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and southern Brazil. The leading pattern of FOLR, as isolated from an EOF analysis, (Cold Season IS pattern, CSIS), is characterized by a monopole centered over southeastern South America (SESA) with a northwest-southeast orientation. CSIS induces a large modulation on daily precipitation anomalies, especially on both wet spells and daily precipitation extremes, which are favored during positive (wet) CSIS phases. Large-Scale OLR anomalies over the tropical Indian and west Pacific Oceans associated with CSIS exhibit eastward propagation along tropical latitudes. In addition, circulation anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere reveal the presence of an anticyclonic anomaly over Antarctica with opposite-sign anomalies in middle latitudes 10 days before CSIS is maximum as well as evidence of Rossby wave-like patterns. Positive precipitation anomalies in SESA are favored during wet CSIS phases by the intensification of a cyclonic anomaly located further south, which is discernible over the southeastern Pacific for at least 14 days before CSIS peaks. The cyclonic anomaly evolution is accompanied by the intensification of an upstream anticyclonic anomaly, which remains quasi-stationary near the Antarctica Peninsula before the CSIS peak. We speculate that the stationary behavior of the anticyclonic center is favored by a hemispheric circulation anomaly pattern resembling that associated with a negative southern annular mode phase and a wavenumber 3-4 pattern at middle latitudes. C1 [Alvarez, Mariano S.; Vera, C. S.] UMI IFAECI CNRS, Ctr Invest Mar & Atmosfera, CIMA CONICET UBA, DCAO FCEN, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Kiladis, G. N.; Liebmann, B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Kiladis, G. N.; Liebmann, B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Alvarez, MS (reprint author), UMI IFAECI CNRS, Ctr Invest Mar & Atmosfera, CIMA CONICET UBA, DCAO FCEN, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM alvarez@cima.fcen.uba.ar FU CONICET PIP [112-200801-00399]; UBACyT [20020100100434]; ANPCyT [PICT-2010-2110]; NOAA Climate Program Office [GC10-685, NA0OAR4310170]; CONICET, Argentina FX This research was supported by CONICET PIP 112-200801-00399, UBACyT 20020100100434, ANPCyT PICT-2010-2110, NOAA Climate Program Office GC10-685 and NA0OAR4310170. M. A. is supported by a Ph.D grant from CONICET, Argentina. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 42 IS 11-12 BP 3253 EP 3269 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1872-z PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI6KX UT WOS:000336984000024 ER PT J AU Lichstein, JW Golaz, NZ Malyshev, S Shevliakova, E Zhang, T Sheffield, J Birdsey, RA Sarmiento, JL Pacala, SW AF Lichstein, Jeremy W. Golaz, Ni-Zhang Malyshev, Sergey Shevliakova, Elena Zhang, Tao Sheffield, Justin Birdsey, Richard A. Sarmiento, Jorge L. Pacala, Stephen W. TI Confronting terrestrial biosphere models with forest inventory data SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE carbon cycle model; data assimilation; errors in explanatory variables; global ecosystem model; land surface model; measurement error models ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; EDDY-COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; SPACE-TIME CLIMATE; DATA ASSIMILATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL CHANGE; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS; MEASUREMENT ERROR AB Efforts to test and improve terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) using a variety of data sources have become increasingly common. Yet, geographically extensive forest inventories have been under-exploited in previous model data fusion efforts. Inventory observations of forest growth, mortality, and biomass integrate processes across a range of timescales, including slow timescale processes such as species turnover, that are likely to have important effects on ecosystem responses to environmental variation. However, the large number (thousands) of inventory plots precludes detailed measurements at each location, so that uncertainty in climate, soil properties, and other environmental drivers may be large. Errors in driver variables, if ignored, introduce bias into model-data fusion. We estimated errors in climate and soil drivers at U.S. Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots, and we explored the effects of these errors on model data fusion with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory LM3V dynamic global vegetation model. When driver errors were ignored or assumed small at FIA plots, responses of biomass production in LM3V to precipitation and soil available water capacity appeared steeper than the corresponding responses estimated from FIA data. These differences became nonsignificant if driver errors at FIA plots were assumed to be large. Ignoring driver errors when optimizing LM3V parameter values yielded estimates for fine-root allocation that were larger than biometric estimates, which is consistent with the expected direction of bias. To explore whether complications posed by driver errors could be circumvented by relying on intensive study sites where driver errors are small, we performed a power analysis. To accurately quantify the response of biomass production to spatial variation in mean annual precipitation within the eastern United States would require at least 40 intensive study sites, which is larger than the number of sites typically available for individual biomes in existing plot networks. Driver errors may be accommodated by several existing model data fusion approaches, including hierarchical Bayesian methods and ensemble filtering methods; however, these methods are computationally expensive. We propose a new approach, in which the TBM functional response is fit directly to the driver-error-corrected functional response estimated from data, rather than to the raw observations. C1 [Lichstein, Jeremy W.; Zhang, Tao] Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Golaz, Ni-Zhang; Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Malyshev, Sergey; Shevliakova, Elena; Pacala, Stephen W.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Sheffield, Justin] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Birdsey, Richard A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Lichstein, JW (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jlichstein@ufl.edu RI Shevliakova, Elena/J-5770-2014; Zhang, Nina/F-3609-2014 FU USDA Forest Service [09-JV-11242306-051, 11-JV-11242306-059]; U.S. DOE [DE-FC02-06ER64157]; Princeton Carbon Mitigation Initiative; BP; Ford; NOAA GFDL FX We thank the USDA Forest Service (09-JV-11242306-051 and 11-JV-11242306-059), the U.S. DOE (DE-FC02-06ER64157), the Princeton Carbon Mitigation Initiative (sponsored by BP and Ford), and the NOAA GFDL for funding. We thank Richard McCullough and Liz LaPoint for facilitating access to FIA plot coordinates. We thank Ensheng Weng, Mark Vanderwel, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier draft, and P. C. D. Milly for useful conversations about LM3V hydrology. We thank the North American Carbon Program Site-Level Interim Synthesis team and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center for organizing and distributing the meteorological observations used to quantify errors in the PRISM climate data. NR 92 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 43 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 24 IS 4 BP 699 EP 715 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AI7XX UT WOS:000337117400008 PM 24988769 ER PT J AU Collado, C Hueltes, A Rocas, E Mateu, J Booth, JC O'Callaghan, JM Verdu, J AF Collado, Carlos Hueltes, A. Rocas, E. Mateu, J. Booth, J. C. O'Callaghan, J. M. Verdu, J. TI Absorptive Limiter for Frequency-Selective Circuits SO IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Bi-directional absorptive limiter; bi-state phase-shifter; diode limiter AB This letter describes a novel absorptive limiter for frequency-selective circuits. The proposed circuit allows the design of absorptive limiters based on a bi-state phase shifter, which is appropriate for integration into channelizing devices, such as hybrid-coupled input multiplexers. A preliminary prototype with shunt PIN diodes has been fabricated and measured to demonstrate the viability of the concept. C1 [Collado, Carlos; Hueltes, A.; Rocas, E.; Mateu, J.; O'Callaghan, J. M.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Booth, J. C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Verdu, J.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Collado, C (reprint author), Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. EM collado@tsc.upc.edu RI Verdu, Jordi/L-8926-2014; O'Callaghan, Juan /F-6595-2013; collado, carlos/B-1651-2010; mateu, jordi/H-7285-2015 OI Verdu, Jordi/0000-0002-2434-7012; O'Callaghan, Juan /0000-0002-2740-0202; collado, carlos/0000-0002-8869-2739; mateu, jordi/0000-0001-9833-9966 FU Spanish Government [TEC-2012-13897-C03-01, MAT2011-29269-C03-02, EUI-ENIAC-2011-4349, 2010-04252]; EU (FEDER); Beatriu de Pinos program (Generalitat de Catalunya) [BP-DGR-2010]; Marie Curie program (EU); U.S. Government FX This work was supported in part by the Spanish Government through grants ( TEC-2012-13897-C03-01, MAT2011-29269-C03-02, EUI-ENIAC-2011-4349 and 2010-04252), EU (FEDER), the Beatriu de Pinos program (BP-DGR-2010, Generalitat de Catalunya), the Marie Curie program (EU), and in part by the U.S. Government. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1531-1309 EI 1558-1764 J9 IEEE MICROW WIREL CO JI IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 24 IS 6 BP 415 EP 417 DI 10.1109/LMWC.2014.2313583 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AI8CC UT WOS:000337131400019 ER PT J AU Zhou, H Weir, MD Antonucci, JM Schumacher, GE Zhou, XD Xu, HHK AF Zhou, Han Weir, Michael D. Antonucci, Joseph M. Schumacher, Gary E. Zhou, Xue-Dong Xu, Hockin H. K. TI Evaluation of three-dimensional biofilms on antibacterial bonding agents containing novel quaternary ammonium methacrylates SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alkyl chain length; antibacterial bonding agent; dental caries; quaternary ammonium methacrylate; Streptococcus mutans; three-dimensional biofilm ID MONOMER DIMETHYLAMINODODECYL METHACRYLATE; LASER-SCANNING MICROSCOPY; DENTAL PLAQUE; IN-VIVO; STREPTOCOCCUS-MUTANS; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE; RESIN COMPOSITE; SURFACES; PRIMER AB Antibacterial adhesives are promising to inhibit biofilms and secondary caries. The objectives of this study were to synthesize and incorporate quaternary ammonium methacrylates into adhesives, and investigate the alkyl chain length effects on three-dimensional biofilms adherent on adhesives for the first time. Six quaternary ammonium methacrylates with chain lengths of 3, 6, 9, 12, 16 and 18 were synthesized and incorporated into Scotchbond Multi-Purpose. Streptococcus mutans bacteria were cultured on resin to form biofilms. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to measure biofilm thickness, live/dead volumes and live-bacteria percentage vs. distance from resin surface. Biofilm thickness was the greatest for Scotchbond control; it decreased with increasing chain length, reaching a minimum at chain length 16. Live-biofilm volume had a similar trend. Dead-biofilm volume increased with increasing chain length. The adhesive with chain length 9 had 37% live bacteria near resin surface, but close to 100% live bacteria in the biofilm top section. For chain length 16, there were nearly 0% live bacteria throughout the three-dimensional biofilm. In conclusion, strong antibacterial activity was achieved by adding quaternary ammonium into adhesive, with biofilm thickness and live-biofilm volume decreasing as chain length was increased from 3 to 16. Antibacterial adhesives typically only inhibited bacteria close to its surface; however, adhesive with chain length 16 had mostly dead bacteria in the entire three-dimensional biofilm. Antibacterial adhesive with chain length 16 is promising to inhibit biofilms at the margins and combat secondary caries. C1 [Zhou, Han; Weir, Michael D.; Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Zhou, Han; Zhou, Xue-Dong] Sichuan Univ, West China Hosp Stomatol, State Key Lab Oral Dis, Chengdu 610064, Peoples R China. [Antonucci, Joseph M.] NIST, Biomat Grp, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schumacher, Gary E.] Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Dr Anthony Volpe Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Stem Cell Biol & Regenerat Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM zhouxd@scu.edu.cn; hxu@umaryland.edu FU NIH [R01 DE17974]; Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland FX We thank Dr Lei Cheng, Dr Fang Li, Dr Nancy J Lin and Dr Sheng Lin-Gibson for discussions. We are grateful to Dr Dean Dessem for help with the confocal laser scanning microscope. This study was supported by NIH R01 DE17974 (Hockin H K Xu), West China School of Stomatology (Han Zhou) and a Seed Grant from Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland (Hockin H K Xu). NR 54 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1674-2818 EI 2049-3169 J9 INT J ORAL SCI JI Int. J. Oral Sci. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 6 IS 2 BP 77 EP 86 DI 10.1038/ijos.2014.18 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA AI4ZC UT WOS:000336874200003 PM 24722581 ER PT J AU Dizdaroglu, M AF Dizdaroglu, Miral TI Clemens von Sonntag and the early history of radiation-induced sugar damage in DNA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE DNA damage; free radicals; radiation chemistry ID ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE; SATURATED AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; INDUCED STRAND BREAKAGE; GAMMA-IRRADIATED DNA; ALKALI-LABILE SITE; OH RADICAL ATTACK; END GROUPS; D-GLUCOSE; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; PHOSPHATE ELIMINATION AB Purpose : This article reviews the early history of ionizing radiation-induced sugar damage in DNA in dedication to Prof. Clemens von Sonntag, who recently passed away. It covers the time between 1968 and 1978, during which most of the work on the ionizing radiation-induced damage to polyalcohols, carbohydrates and the 2'-deoxyribose moiety in DNA was performed. Methodologies using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were developed to identify and quantify the radiation-induced products that had previously remained elusive. Products were identified by GC-MS either directly or after reduction of samples with NaBH4 or NaBD4. Incorporation of deuterium atoms by NaBD4-reduction facilitated the identification of aldehyde, keto, carboxyl and deoxy groups in the molecules. Numerous products of a polyalcohol and carbohydrates were identified and quantified. Mechanisms of product formation were proposed. Several products of the 2'-deoxyribose moiety in DNA were identified, indicating that they were released from DNA strand, not bound to it. Alkali labile sites and products still remaining within DNA or bound to DNA as end groups were also elucidated by first reducing irradiated samples with NaBD4 followed by alkali treatment and GC-MS analysis. Conclusion : The knowledge of the products of the 2'-deoxyribose moiety in DNA led to the first mechanistic understanding of various pathways of hydroxyl radical-induced DNA strand breakage. To this date, some of these mechanisms still remain the most-widely studied mechanisms of DNA damage. Prof. von Sonntag's contributions to the understanding of the radiation chemistry of carbohydrates and DNA helped shape this field of science for years to come. C1 NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dizdaroglu, M (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM miral@nist.gov NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0955-3002 EI 1362-3095 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 90 IS 6 BP 446 EP 458 DI 10.3109/09553002.2014.894652 PG 13 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AI5LV UT WOS:000336909500005 PM 24547911 ER PT J AU Gifford, I Vreeland, W Grdanovska, S Burgett, E Kalinich, J Vergara, V Wang, CKC Maimon, E Poster, D Al-Sheikhly, M AF Gifford, Ian Vreeland, Wyatt Grdanovska, Slavica Burgett, Eric Kalinich, John Vergara, Vernieda Wang, C. -K. Chris Maimon, Eric Poster, Dianne Al-Sheikhly, Mohamad TI Liposome-based delivery of a boron-containing cholesteryl ester for high-LET particle-induced damage of prostate cancer cells: A boron neutron capture therapy study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Boron neutron capture therapy; BNCT; prostate cancer cells; thermal neutron irradiation ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; TARGETED DRUG-DELIVERY; BIOLOGICAL EFFICACY; WATER RADIOLYSIS; BNCT; RETENTION; TOXICITY; RECEPTOR; AGENT; LDL AB Purpose: The efficacy of a boron-containing cholesteryl ester compound (BCH) as a boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) agent for the targeted irradiation of PC-3 human prostate cancer cells was examined. Materials and methods: Liposome-based delivery of BCH was quantified with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Cytotoxicity of the BCH-containing liposomes was evaluated with neutral red, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS), and lactate dehydrogenase assays. Colony formation assays were utilized to evaluate the decrease in cell survival due to high-linear energy transfer (LET) particles resulting from 10 B thermal neutron capture. Results: BCH delivery by means of encapsulation in a lipid bilayer resulted in a boron uptake of 35.2 +/- 4.3 mu g/10(9) cells, with minimal cytotoxic effects. PC-3 cells treated with BCH and exposed to a 9.4 x 10(11) n/cm(2) thermal neutron fluence yielded a 20-25% decrease in clonogenic capacity. The decreased survival is attributed to the generation of high-LET alpha particles and Li-7 nuclei that deposit energy in densely ionizing radiation tracks. Conclusion: Liposome-based delivery of BCH is capable of introducing sufficient boron to PC-3 cells for BNCT. High-LET a particles and Li-7 nuclei generated from B-10 thermal neutron capture significantly decrease colony formation ability in the targeted PC-3 cells. C1 [Gifford, Ian; Kalinich, John; Vergara, Vernieda] Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. [Vreeland, Wyatt; Poster, Dianne] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Grdanovska, Slavica] Univ Maryland, Grad Program Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Al-Sheikhly, Mohamad] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Burgett, Eric] Idaho State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn & Hlth Phys, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Wang, C. -K. Chris] Georgia Inst Technol, Nucl Engn & Med Phys Program, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Maimon, Eric] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Chem, Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Al-Sheikhly, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mohamad@umd.edu NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 25 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0955-3002 EI 1362-3095 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 90 IS 6 BP 480 EP 485 DI 10.3109/09553002.2014.901579 PG 6 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AI5LV UT WOS:000336909500008 PM 24605770 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Liu, Z Zhang, S Rong, X Jacob, R Wu, S Lu, F AF Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Zhang, S. Rong, X. Jacob, R. Wu, S. Lu, F. TI Ensemble-Based Parameter Estimation in a Coupled GCM Using the Adaptive Spatial Average Method SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED RADAR DATA; ROOT KALMAN FILTER; EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; DATA ASSIMILATION; MICROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS; COVARIANCE INFLATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; ATMOSPHERIC STATE; TROPICAL PACIFIC; PART I AB Ensemble-based parameter estimation for a climate model is emerging as an important topic in climate research. For a complex system such as a coupled ocean atmosphere general circulation model, the sensitivity and response of a model variable to a model parameter could vary spatially and temporally. Here, an adaptive spatial average (ASA) algorithm is proposed to increase the efficiency of parameter estimation. Refined from a previous spatial average method, the ASA uses the ensemble spread as the criterion for selecting "good" values from the spatially varying posterior estimated parameter values; these good values are then averaged to give the final global uniform posterior parameter. In comparison with existing methods, the ASA parameter estimation has a superior performance: faster convergence and enhanced signal-to-noise ratio. C1 [Liu, Y.; Liu, Z.; Wu, S.; Lu, F.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climate Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Liu, Y.; Liu, Z.; Wu, S.; Lu, F.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Liu, Z.] Peking Univ, Lab Ocean Atmosphere Studies, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Zhang, S.] Princeton Univ, GFDL NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Rong, X.] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Jacob, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Lemont, IL USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climate Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM liu6@wisc.edu OI Lu, Feiyu/0000-0001-6532-0740 FU NSF; Chinese MOST [2012CB955200] FX We gratefully appreciate the help of Ms. M. Kirchmeier in editing the manuscript. We also thank two anonymous reviews for their comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge the computing resources provided on "Fusion," a 320-node computing cluster operated by the Laboratory Computing Resource Center at Argonne National Laboratory. This research is sponsored by NSF and Chinese MOST 2012CB955200. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 1 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 11 BP 4002 EP 4014 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00091.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI5EX UT WOS:000336889300009 ER PT J AU Zhang, T Sun, DZ AF Zhang, Tao Sun, De-Zheng TI ENSO Asymmetry in CMIP5 Models SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; PACIFIC DECADAL VARIABILITY; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; WIND STRESS ANOMALIES; EL-NINO; LA-NINA; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; WARM-POOL; CLIMATE; OCEAN AB The El-Nino La Nina asymmetry is evaluated in 14 coupled models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The results show that an underestimate of ENSO asymmetry, a common problem noted in CMIP3 models, remains a common problem in CMIP5 coupled models. The weaker ENSO asymmetry in the models primarily results from a weaker SST warm anomaly over the eastern Pacific and a westward shift of the center of the anomaly. In contrast, SST anomalies for the La Nina phase are close to observations. Corresponding Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) runs are analyzed to understand the causes of the underestimate of ENSO asymmetry in coupled models. The analysis reveals that during the warm phase, precipitation anomalies are weaker over the eastern Pacific, and westerly wind anomalies are confined more to the west in most models. The time-mean zonal winds are stronger over the equatorial central and eastern Pacific for most models. Wind-forced ocean GCM experiments suggest that the stronger time-mean zonal winds and weaker asymmetry in the interannual anomalies of the zonal winds in AMIP models can both be a contributing factor to a weaker ENSO asymmetry in the corresponding coupled models, but the former appears to be a more fundamental factor, possibly through its impact on the mean state. The study suggests that the underestimate of ENSO asymmetry in the CMIP5 coupled models is at least in part of atmospheric origin. C1 [Zhang, Tao; Sun, De-Zheng] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, Tao; Sun, De-Zheng] NOAA, ESRL, PSD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zhang, T (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, PSD, 325 Broadway,R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tao.zhang@noaa.gov FU NOAA office of climate programs-the Modeling, Analysis, Predictions and Projections (MAPP) Program; Earth System Science (ESS) Program; NSF Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics Program [AGS 0852329] FX This work was supported by grants from NOAA office of climate programs-the Modeling, Analysis, Predictions and Projections (MAPP) Program and the Earth System Science (ESS) Program. This work was also supported by a grant from NSF Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics Program (AGS 0852329). NR 45 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 1 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 11 BP 4070 EP 4093 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00454.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI5EX UT WOS:000336889300013 ER PT J AU Hu, ZZ Kumar, A Huang, BH Zhu, JS Guan, YH AF Hu, Zeng-Zhen Kumar, Arun Huang, Bohua Zhu, Jieshun Guan, Yuanhong TI Prediction Skill of North Pacific Variability in NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2: Impact of ENSO and Beyond SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL ATLANTIC; OCEAN; TEMPERATURE; SST AB This work examines the impact of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the prediction skill of North Pacific variability (NPV) in retrospective predictions of the NCEP Climate Forecast System, version 2. It is noted that the phase relationship between ENSO and NPV at initial conditions (ICs) affects the prediction skill of NPV. For average lead times of 0-6 months, the prediction skills of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in NPV (defined as the NPV index) increase from 0.42 to 0.63 from the cases of an out-of-phase relation between the Nino-3.4 and NPV indices in ICs to the cases of an in-phase relation. It is suggested that when ENSO and NPV are in phase in ICs, ENSO plays a constructive role in the NPV development and enhances its signals. Nevertheless, when ENSO and NPV are out of phase, some pronounced positive NPV events are still predictable. In these cases, the North Pacific is dominated by strong positive SSTAs, which may overcome the opposing influence from the tropical Pacific and display predictability. C1 [Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Huang, Bohua] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Huang, Bohua; Zhu, Jieshun] George Mason Univ, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Guan, Yuanhong] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Math & Stat, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Guan, Yuanhong] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Ctr Data Assimilat Res & Applicat, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Hu, ZZ (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM zeng-zhen.hu@noaa.gov RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011; OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400; Zhu, Jieshun/0000-0002-1508-9808 FU COLA omnibus grant from NSF [ATM-0830068]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310058]; NASA [NNX09AN50G] FX We appreciate the helps of Mingyue Chen, Wanqiu Wang, and Yan Xue in processing the CFSv2 prediction data. B. Huang and J. Zhu are supported by the COLA omnibus grant from NSF (ATM-0830068), NOAA (NA09OAR4310058), and NASA (NNX09AN50G). Thanks also go to two anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 1 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 11 BP 4263 EP 4272 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00633.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI5EX UT WOS:000336889300023 ER PT J AU Mo, KC Lettenmaier, DP AF Mo, Kingtse C. Lettenmaier, Dennis P. TI Objective Drought Classification Using Multiple Land Surface Models SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; HYDROLOGICALLY BASED DATASET; SYSTEM NLDAS PROJECT; REANALYSIS; CLIMATE; INDEXES; FLUXES AB The current generation of drought monitors uses physically based indices, such as the standardized precipitation index (SPI), total soil moisture (SM) percentiles, and the standardized runoff index (SRI) to monitor precipitation, soil moisture, and runoff deficits, respectively. Because long-term observations of soil moisture and, to a lesser extent, spatially distributed runoff are not generally available, SRI and SMP are more commonly derived from land surface model derived variables, where the models are forced with observed quantities such as precipitation, surface air temperature, and winds. One example of such a system is the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS). While monitoring systems based on sources like NLDAS are able to detect droughts, they are challenged by classification of drought into, for instance, the D0-D4 categories used by the U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM), in part because of uncertainties among multiple drought indicators, models, and assimilation systems. An objective scheme for drawing boundaries between the D0-D4 classes used by the USDM is explored here. The approach is based on multiple SPI, SM, and SRI indices, from which an ensemble mean index is formed. The mean index is then remapped to a uniform distribution by using the climatology of the ensemble (percentile) averages. To assess uncertainties in the classification, a concurrence measure is used to show the extent to which the different indices agree. An approach to drought classification that uses both the mean of the ensembles and its concurrence measure is described. The classification scheme gives an idea of drought severity, as well as the representativeness of the ensemble mean index. C1 [Mo, Kingtse C.] NOAA NWS NCEP Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Mo, KC (reprint author), NOAA NWS Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM kingtse.mo@noaa.gov FU NOAA CPO MAPP [GC11-578]; NOAA [NA10OAR4310245] FX This work was supported by the NOAA CPO MAPP Grant GC11-578 to the NCEP/Climate Prediction Center and by NOAA Grant NA10OAR4310245 to the University of Washington. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 15 IS 3 BP 990 EP 1010 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-13-071.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI6BE UT WOS:000336954000006 ER PT J AU Lee, H Zhang, Y Seo, DJ Kuligowski, RJ Kitzmiller, D Corby, R AF Lee, Haksu Zhang, Yu Seo, Dong-Jun Kuligowski, Robert J. Kitzmiller, David Corby, Robert TI Utility of SCaMPR Satellite versus Ground-Based Quantitative Precipitation Estimates in Operational Flood Forecasting: The Effects of TRMM Data Ingest SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTED HYDROLOGIC MODEL; PASSIVE-MICROWAVE; RAIN-GAUGE; STREAMFLOW SIMULATION; PROFILING ALGORITHM; ANALYSIS TMPA; RADAR; SYSTEM; PRODUCTS; WSR-88D AB This study examines the utility of satellite-based quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) from the Self-Calibrating Multivariate Precipitation Retrieval (SCaMPR) algorithm for hydrologic prediction. In this work, two sets of SCaMPR QPEs, one without and the other with Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) version 6 data integrated, were used as input forcing to the lumped National Weather Service hydrologic model to retrospectively generate flow simulations for 10 Texas catchments over 2000-07. The year 2000 was used for the model spinup, 2001-04 for calibration, and 2005-07 for validation. The results were validated using observed streamflow alongside similar simulations obtained using interpolated gauge QPEs with varying gauge network densities, and still others using the operational radar-gauge multisensor product (MAPX). The focus of the evaluation was on the high-flow events. A number of factors that could impact the relative utility of SCaMPR satellite QPE and gauge-only analysis (GMOSAIC) for flood prediction were examined, namely, 1) the incremental impacts of TRMM version 6 data ingest, 2) gauge density, 3) effects of calibration approaches, and 4) basin properties. Results indicate that ground-sensor-based QPEs in a broad sense outperform SCaMPR QPEs, while SCaMPR QPEs are competitive in a minority of catchments. TRMM ingest helped substantially improve the SCaMPR QPE based simulation results. Change in calibration forcing, that is, calibrating the model using individual QPEs rather than the MAPX (the most accurate QPE), yielded overall improvements to the simulation accuracy but did not change the relative performance of the QPEs. C1 [Lee, Haksu; Zhang, Yu; Seo, Dong-Jun] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Lee, Haksu; Seo, Dong-Jun] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Kuligowski, Robert J.; Kitzmiller, David] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite, Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Corby, Robert] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, West Gulf River Forecast Ctr, Ft Worth, TX USA. RP Lee, H (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, Off Climate Water & Weather Serv, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM haksu.lee@noaa.gov RI Kuligowski, Robert/C-6981-2009 OI Kuligowski, Robert/0000-0002-6909-2252 FU NOAA/NESDIS/Office of Systems Development FX This work was supported by the NOAA/NESDIS/Office of Systems Development via support for a NASA Precipitation Measurement Missions (PMM) project. We appreciate the West Gulf River Forecast Center (WGRFC) for providing the multisensor QPE dataset as well as basin definitions. Dongsoo Kim provided the rain gauge data obtained from the Hydrometeorological Automated Data System (HADS). The SSM/I and TRMM TMI and PR rainfall rate data were obtained online from the NOAA Comprehensive Large-Array-Data Stewardship System (CLASS) at www.class.ncdc.noaa.gov. The AMSU rain rates were obtained from Mr. Wanchun Chen and Mr. Ralph Ferraro at NOAA/NESDIS. We are grateful to Pedro Restrepo, Dongsoo Kim, the editor, and three anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments. The contents of this paper are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 15 IS 3 BP 1051 EP 1069 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-0151.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI6BE UT WOS:000336954000009 ER PT J AU Qi, YC Zhang, J Kaney, B Langston, C Howard, K AF Qi, Youcun Zhang, Jian Kaney, Brian Langston, Carrie Howard, Kenneth TI Improving WSR-88D Radar QPE for Orographic Precipitation Using Profiler Observations SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAIN-GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; S-BAND RADAR; WEATHER RADAR; BRIGHT BAND; VERTICAL PROFILES; PACIFIC-OCEAN; LONG-RANGE; CALIFORNIA; REFLECTIVITY; CALJET AB Quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) in the West Coast region of the United States has been a big challenge for Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) because of severe blockages caused by the complex terrain. The majority of the heavy precipitation in the West Coast region is associated with strong moisture flux from the Pacific that interacts with the coastal mountains. Such orographic enhancement of precipitation occurs at low levels and cannot be observed well by WSR-88D because of severe blockages. Specifically, the radar beam either samples too high above the ground or misses the orographic enhancement at lower levels, or the beam broadens with range and cannot adequately resolve vertical variations of the reflectivity structure. The current study developed an algorithm that uses S-band Precipitation Profiler (5-PROF) radar observations in northern California to improve WSR-88D QPEs in the area. The profiler data are used to calculate two sets of reference vertical profiles of reflectivity (RVPRs), one for the coastal mountains and another for the Siena Nevada. The RVPRs are then used to correct the WSR-88D QPEs in the corresponding areas. The S-PROF-based VPR correction methodology (S-PROF-VPR) has taken into account orographic processes and radar beam broadenings with range. It is tested using three heavy rain events and is found to provide significant improvements over the operational radar QPE. C1 [Qi, Youcun; Kaney, Brian; Langston, Carrie] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Qi, Youcun; Zhang, Jian; Kaney, Brian; Langston, Carrie; Howard, Kenneth] NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Qi, Youcun] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Qi, YC (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM youcun.qi@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce; NOAA's Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) program FX Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce and partially was provided under NOAA's Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) program. The authors are thankful to Xiao-Ming Hu and Katherine Willingham for their help with assembling and processing much of the radar, rain gauge, and model data used in the current study. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 15 IS 3 BP 1135 EP 1151 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-13-0131.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI6BE UT WOS:000336954000014 ER PT J AU Grams, HM Zhang, J Elmore, KL AF Grams, Heather M. Zhang, Jian Elmore, Kimberly L. TI Automated Identification of Enhanced Rainfall Rates Using the Near-Storm Environment for Radar Precipitation Estimates SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; VERTICAL PROFILE; CONVECTIVE CELLS; FLASH-FLOOD; WSR-88D; EVENTS; CLASSIFICATION; REFLECTIVITY; HURRICANES; SYSTEM AB Reliable and timely flash flood warnings are critically dependent on the accuracy of real-time rainfall estimates. Precipitation is not only the most vital input for basin-scale accumulation algorithms such as the Flash Flood Monitoring and Prediction (FFMP) program used operationally by the U.S. National Weather Service, but it is the primary forcing for hydrologic models at all scales. Quantitative precipitation estimates (QPE) from radar are widely used for such a purpose because of their high spatial and temporal resolution. However, converting the native radar variables into an instantaneous rain rate is fraught with challenges and uncertainties. This study addresses the challenge of identifying environments conducive for tropical rain rates, or rain rates that are enhanced by highly productive warm rain growth processes. Model analysis fields of various thermodynamic and moisture parameters were used as predictors in a decision tree-based ensemble to generate probabilities of warm rain-dominated drop growth. Variable importance analysis from the ensemble training showed that the probability accuracy was most dependent on two parameters in particular: freezing-level height and lapse rates of temperature. The probabilities were used to assign a tropical rain rate for hourly QPE and were evaluated against existing Z-R-based QPE products available to forecasters. The probability-based delineations showed improvement in QPE over the existing methods, but the two predictands tested had varying levels of performance for the storm types evaluated and require further study. C1 [Grams, Heather M.; Elmore, Kimberly L.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Grams, Heather M.; Zhang, Jian; Elmore, Kimberly L.] NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Grams, HM (reprint author), 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 2100, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM heather.moser@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Sea Grant under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA08OAR4320904]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX Funding for this project was provided by NOAA's Sea Grant under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA08OAR4320904, U.S. Department of Commerce, which the authors gratefully acknowledge. We also thank Carrie Langston, Phillip Chilson, Valliappa Lakshmanan, and the three anonymous reviewers for their technical assistance and thoughtful feedback on our analysis and manuscript. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 15 IS 3 BP 1238 EP 1254 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-13-042.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI6BE UT WOS:000336954000020 ER PT J AU Ni, KK Loh, H Grau, M Cossel, KC Ye, J Cornell, EA AF Ni, Kang-Kuen Loh, Huanqian Grau, Matt Cossel, Kevin C. Ye, Jun Cornell, Eric A. TI State-specific detection of trapped HfF+ by photodissociation SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Molecular ions; Resonance-enhanced multiphoton; photodissociation; Hafnium fluoride; Electron electric dipole moment ID SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES; ELECTRON; IONIZATION; SPECTRA; CD3I+; CH3I+; LIMIT AB We use (1 + 1') resonance-enhanced multiphoton photodissociation (REMPD) to detect the population in individual rovibronic states of trapped HfF+ with a single-shot absolute efficiency of 18%, which is over 200 times better than that obtained with fluorescence detection. The first photon excites a specific rotational level to an intermediate vibronic band at 35 000-36 500 cm(-1), and the second photon, at 37 594 cm(-1) (266 nm), dissociates HfF+ into Hf+ and F. Mass-resolved time-of-flight ion detection then yields the number of state-selectively dissociated ions. Using this method, we observe rotational-state heating of trapped HfF+ ions from collisions with neutral Ar atoms. Furthermore, we measure the lifetime of the (3)Delta(1) V = 0, J = 1 state to be 2.1(2) s. This state will be used for a search for a permanent electric dipole moment of the electron. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ye, Jun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cossel, KC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cossel@jilau1.colorado.edu; cornell@jila.colora-do.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; OI Loh, Huanqian/0000-0002-7325-0815 FU NSF; NIST; Marsico Foundation; NIST/NRC; A*STAR (Singapore) FX This work is supported by the NSF, NIST and the Marsico Foundation. K.-K. Ni acknowledges a NIST/NRC Postdoctoral Fellowship. H. Loh was supported in part by A*STAR (Singapore). NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 EI 1096-083X J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 300 SI SI BP 12 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2014.02.001 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA AI5DO UT WOS:000336885800004 ER PT J AU Shpund, J Zhang, JA Pinsky, M Khain, A AF Shpund, J. Zhang, J. A. Pinsky, M. Khain, A. TI Microphysical Structure of the Marine Boundary Layer under Strong Wind and Sea Spray Formation as Seen from a 2D Explicit Microphysical Model. Part III: Parameterization of Height-Dependent Droplet Size Distribution SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ROLL VORTICES; LARGE EDDIES; SIMULATIONS; INTENSITY; HURRICANES; TURBULENCE; EVOLUTION; RAINBANDS; IMPACT; SCHEME AB This paper completes a series of studies using a 2D hybrid Lagrangian-Eulerian model to investigate the effect of sea spray on the thermodynamics and microphysics of the hurricane mixed layer. The evolution of the mixed layer was simulated by mimicking the motion of an air volume (in a Lagrangian sense) toward a tropical cyclone eyewall along a background airflow. During the radial motion, sea surface temperature, pressure, background wind speed, sea spray production rate, and turbulence intensity were altered according to the available observations. Analysis of the interaction between the hurricane mixed layer and the upper layers in terms of entrainment heat and moisture fluxes gives a new insight into the role of sea spray in the thermodynamics and microphysics of the mixed layer. The evaporation of sea spray leads to an increase in the relative humidity by 10%-15% and to a decrease in temperature by about 1-1.5K, as compared to cases where sea spray is excluded. Sea spray leads to formation of drizzling clouds with the cloud base at the height of about 250 m. Taking the sea spray effect into account provides a good agreement between the thermodynamics of a simulated mixed layer and the observation data. A parameterization of droplet mass and size distributions as functions of height and wind speed is proposed. The horizontally averaged size distributions are approximated by a sum of lognormal distributions. The moments of size distributions and other integral properties are parameterized as functions of 10-m wind speed by means of simple polynomial expressions. C1 [Shpund, J.; Pinsky, M.; Khain, A.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Atmospher Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Zhang, J. A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, J. A.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Khain, A (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, Dept Atmospher Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM alexander.khain@mail.huji.ac.il RI Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012 FU Israel Science Foundation [2010446]; Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0006788]; NOAA HFIP program FX We express our deep gratitude to our reviewers. We acknowledge and express gratitude Prof. Chris Fairall for useful discussions and for providing us with the new version of his sea spray source function code. The study was supported by the Israel Science Foundation (Grant 2010446) and by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy for study of convection representation in weather models, Grant DE-SC0006788. Dr. Zhang was supported by the NOAA HFIP program. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1914 EP 1934 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0201.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI5CL UT WOS:000336882900002 ER PT J AU Foley, AM Schroeder, BA Hardy, R MacPherson, SL Nicholas, M AF Foley, Allen M. Schroeder, Barbara A. Hardy, Robert MacPherson, Sandra L. Nicholas, Mark TI Long-term behavior at foraging sites of adult female loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from three Florida rookeries SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE-TRACKING; HABITAT USE; HOME-RANGE; ASCENSION-ISLAND; POPULATION-MODEL; DIVE DURATIONS; CHELONIA-MYDAS; CONSERVATION; MIGRATION; PATTERNS AB We used satellite telemetry to study behavior at foraging sites of 40 adult female loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from three Florida (USA) rookeries. Foraging sites were located in four countries (USA, Mexico, the Bahamas, and Cuba). We were able to determine home range for 32 of the loggerheads. One turtle moved through several temporary residence areas, but the rest had a primary residence area in which they spent all or most of their time (usually > 11 months per year). Twenty-four had a primary residence area that was < 500 km(2) (mean = 191). Seven had a primary residence area that was a parts per thousand yen500 km(2) (range = 573-1,907). Primary residence areas were mostly restricted to depths < 100 m. Loggerheads appeared to favor areas with larger-grained sediment (gravel and rock) over areas with smaller-grained sediment (mud). Short-term departures from primary residence areas were either looping excursions, typically involving 1-2 weeks of continuous travel, or movement to a secondary residence area where turtles spent 25-45 days before returning to their primary residence area. Ten turtles had a secondary residence area, and six used it as an overwintering site. For those six turtles, the primary residence area was in shallow water (< 17 m) in the northern half of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), and overwintering sites were farther offshore or farther south. We documented long winter dive times (> 4 h) for the first time in the GOM. Characterizing behaviors at foraging sites helps inform and assess loggerhead recovery efforts. C1 [Foley, Allen M.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Jacksonville Field Lab, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Jacksonville, FL 32218 USA. [Schroeder, Barbara A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hardy, Robert] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [MacPherson, Sandra L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jacksonville, FL 32256 USA. [Nicholas, Mark] Natl Pk Serv, Gulf Breeze, FL 32563 USA. RP Foley, AM (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Jacksonville Field Lab, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Jacksonville, FL 32218 USA. EM allen.foley@myfwc.com OI Hardy, Robert/0000-0002-3178-2397 FU US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [40-WC-NF-004557]; US Fish and Wildlife Service and sales of the Florida Sea Turtle License Plate FX This study was funded in part by the US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, under PO# 40-WC-NF-004557 to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or any branch of the federal government. Funding was also provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and sales of the Florida Sea Turtle License Plate. We are grateful for the assistance of D. Bagley, L. Ehrhart, and the University of Central Florida Marine Turtle Research Group; J. McCarthy and members of the Sarasota Turtle Watch; M. Lamont and other graduate students from the University of Florida working at Cape San Blas; the Gulf Islands National Seashore Turtle Patrol; and B. Witherington and S. Hirama (Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute). We also thank our friend and colleague, T. Redlow, who was an integral part of this project. R. Giove and B. Combs (Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute) and M. Coyne provided assistance with spatial analyses. D. Douglas (US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center) shared customized Argos data filtering routines and provided advice on data handling and interpretation. E. Leone (Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute) provided statistical advice. The manuscript was improved by the reviews of A. Meylan, B. Crowder, E. Leone, and two anonymous reviewers. The work was conducted under the authorization granted to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission in a Section 6 Endangered Species Act Cooperative Agreement with the US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 66 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 33 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 161 IS 6 BP 1251 EP 1262 DI 10.1007/s00227-014-2415-9 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI4AG UT WOS:000336806700004 ER PT J AU Womble, JN Blundell, GM Gende, SM Horning, M Sigler, MF Csepp, DJ AF Womble, Jamie N. Blundell, Gail M. Gende, Scott M. Horning, Markus Sigler, Michael F. Csepp, David J. TI Linking marine predator diving behavior to local prey fields in contrasting habitats in a subarctic glacial fjord SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOCA-VITULINA-RICHARDII; ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; ADULT HARBOR SEALS; LIONS EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; BAY NATIONAL-PARK; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; POPULATION DECLINE; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; MONK SEALS AB Foraging theory predicts that animals will adjust their foraging behavior in order to maximize net energy intake and that trade-offs may exist that can influence their behavior. Although substantial advances have been made with respect to the foraging ecology of large marine predators, there is still a limited understanding of how predators respond to temporal and spatial variability in prey resources, primarily due to a lack of empirical studies that quantify foraging and diving behavior concurrently with characteristics of prey fields. Such information is important because changes in prey availability can influence the foraging success and ultimately fitness of marine predators. We assessed the diving behavior of juvenile female harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) and prey fields near glacial ice and terrestrial haulout sites in Glacier Bay (58A degrees 40'N, -136A degrees 05'W), Alaska. Harbor seals captured at glacial ice sites dived deeper, had longer dive durations, lower percent bottom time, and generally traveled further to forage. The increased diving effort for seals from the glacial ice site corresponded to lower prey densities and prey at deeper depths at the glacial ice site. In contrast, seals captured at terrestrial sites dived shallower, had shorter dive durations, higher percent bottom time, and traveled shorter distances to access foraging areas with much higher prey densities at shallower depths. The increased diving effort for seals from glacial ice sites suggests that the lower relative availability of prey may be offset by other factors, such as the stability of the glacial ice as a resting platform and as a refuge from predation. We provide evidence of differences in prey accessibility for seals associated with glacial ice and terrestrial habitats and suggest that seals may balance trade-offs between the costs and benefits of using these habitats. C1 [Womble, Jamie N.; Horning, Markus] Oregon State Univ, Marine Mammal Inst, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Womble, Jamie N.; Gende, Scott M.] Natl Pk Serv, Glacier Bay Field Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Blundell, Gail M.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Douglas, AK 99811 USA. [Sigler, Michael F.; Csepp, David J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Womble, JN (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Glacier Bay Field Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Jamie_Womble@nps.gov OI Horning, Markus/0000-0001-6178-4935 FU National Park Service (NPS)-Coastal Cluster Program, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, NPS-NRPP (PMIS Project) [35747]; Alaska Department of Fish and Game Marine Mammal Program - National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS); Alaska Fisheries Science Center-Auke Bay Laboratory, Alaska Sealife Center; Ocean Alaska Science and Learning Center; Mamie Markham Research Fellowship (OSU-Hatfield Marine Science Center); Munson Wildlife Fellowship; Oregon State University (OSU) Laurels Fellowship; Horace M. Albright-Conrad L. Wirth Fellowship; OSU Marine Mammal Institute-Pinniped Ecology Applied Research Laboratory; NRAC Professional Development Grants; NPS- Coastal Cluster Program; Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve FX Funding and logistical support for this project was provided by the National Park Service (NPS)-Coastal Cluster Program, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, NPS-NRPP (PMIS Project # 35747), Alaska Department of Fish and Game Marine Mammal Program funded by congressional appropriations administered via grants from the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), Alaska Fisheries Science Center-Auke Bay Laboratory, Alaska Sealife Center, and the Ocean Alaska Science and Learning Center. We sincerely thank Justin Smith (R/V Capelin), Dan Foley (R/V Steller), and Jacques Norvell (Tal Air) for safe and expert pilotage at sea and in the air. We greatly appreciate the efforts of numerous individuals (Jason Herreman, John Wells, Suzanne Conlon, Lori Polasek, Jill Prewitt, Natalie Bool, Trevor Ose, Rachel Dziuba, Shawna Karpovich, Randy Naylor, Christine Schmale, Dave Withrow, Dennis McAllister, Jennifer Burns, Jay VerHoef, Kevin White) that provided assistance with harbor seal capture and tagging efforts. J.N.W. was supported by a Mamie Markham Research Fellowship (OSU-Hatfield Marine Science Center), Munson Wildlife Fellowship, Oregon State University (OSU) Laurels Fellowship, Horace M. Albright-Conrad L. Wirth Fellowship, the OSU Marine Mammal Institute-Pinniped Ecology Applied Research Laboratory, NRAC Professional Development Grants, the NPS- Coastal Cluster Program, and Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve. Lorenzo Ciannelli, Clint Epps, Mary-Anne Lea, Dawn Wright, and three anonymous reviewers provided useful comments and discussions on previous versions of the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. All harbor seal capture, handling, and research were conducted under Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) permit numbers 358-1787-00 and 358-1787-01 issued to Alaska Department of Fish and Game by NOAA's Protected Resources Division. Harbor seal capture, handling, and research were also authorized by Glacier Bay National Park under Scientific Research and Collecting permit numbers GLBA-2004-SCI-0003, GLBA-2005-SCI-0003, GLBA-2006-SCI-0003, GLBA-2007-SCI-0003, and associated Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve Waivers to park regulations. Animal use protocols used in this research were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the State of Alaska Department of Fish and Game (protocol 07-16). NR 98 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 161 IS 6 BP 1361 EP 1374 DI 10.1007/s00227-014-2424-8 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI4AG UT WOS:000336806700013 ER PT J AU Li, X Ma, XH Su, D Liu, L Chisnell, R Ong, SP Chen, HL Toumar, A Idrobo, JC Lei, YC Bai, JM Wang, F Lynn, JW Lee, YS Ceder, G AF Li, Xin Ma, Xiaohua Su, Dong Liu, Lei Chisnell, Robin Ong, Shyue Ping Chen, Hailong Toumar, Alexandra Idrobo, Juan-Carlos Lei, Yuechuan Bai, Jianming Wang, Feng Lynn, Jeffrey W. Lee, Young S. Ceder, Gerbrand TI Direct visualization of the Jahn-Teller effect coupled to Na ordering in Na5/8MnO2 SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID BATTERIES; OXIDES AB The cooperative Jahn-Teller effect (CJTE) refers to the correlation of distortions arising from individual Jahn-Teller centres in complex compounds(1,2). The effect usually induces strong coupling between the static or dynamic charge, orbital and magnetic ordering, which has been related to many important phenomena such as colossal magnetoresistance(1,3) and superconductivity(1,4). Here we report a Na5/8MnO2 superstructure with a pronounced static CJTE that is coupled to an unusual Na vacancy ordering. We visualize this coupled distortion and Na ordering down to the atomic scale. The Mn planes are periodically distorted by a charge modulation on the Mn stripes, which in turn drives an unusually large displacement of some Na ions through long-ranged Na-O-Mn3+-O-Na interactions into a highly distorted octahedral site. At lower temperatures, magnetic order appears, in which Mn atomic stripes with different magnetic couplings are interwoven with each other. Our work demonstrates the strong interaction between alkali ordering, displacement, and electronic and magnetic structure, and underlines the important role that structural details play in determining electronic behaviour. C1 [Li, Xin; Ma, Xiaohua; Liu, Lei; Ong, Shyue Ping; Chen, Hailong; Toumar, Alexandra; Lei, Yuechuan; Ceder, Gerbrand] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Su, Dong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Chisnell, Robin; Lee, Young S.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Idrobo, Juan-Carlos] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bai, Jianming] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Wang, Feng] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Sustainable Energy Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ceder, G (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM gceder@mit.edu RI Idrobo, Juan/H-4896-2015; Bai, Jianming/O-5005-2015; Chen, Hailong/B-3998-2011; Su, Dong/A-8233-2013; liu, lei/M-6396-2016; Ong, Shyue Ping/D-7573-2014 OI Idrobo, Juan/0000-0001-7483-9034; Chen, Hailong/0000-0001-8283-2860; Su, Dong/0000-0002-1921-6683; liu, lei/0000-0003-3631-1874; Ong, Shyue Ping/0000-0001-5726-2587 FU Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology; US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46134]; DOE-EERE under the Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies (BATT) Program [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation [DMR-0819762]; ORNL's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS); Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology. The STEM work carried out at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), was supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The neutron scattering activities by Y.S.L. were supported by DOE under Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46134. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, BNL, was supported by the DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and by DOE-EERE under the Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies (BATT) Program, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The identification of commercial product or trade name does not imply recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. This work made use of the Shared Experimental Facilities supported in part by the MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation under award number DMR-0819762. This work was also supported by a user project of ORNL's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), which is sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. We appreciate the assistance with magnetic SQUID measurements from S. Chu at MIT. NR 30 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 14 U2 133 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 EI 1476-4660 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 13 IS 6 BP 586 EP 592 DI 10.1038/NMAT3964 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA AI3TQ UT WOS:000336787000019 PM 24836735 ER PT J AU Xu, FH Oey, LY AF Xu, Fang-Hua Oey, Lie-Yauw TI State analysis using the Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (LETKF) and the three-layer circulation structure of the Luzon Strait and the South China Sea SO OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Three-layer circulation of South China Sea; Three-layer Luzon Strait transport; Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (LETKF); Data assimilation; Ocean modeling ID LOOP CURRENT GROWTH; OCEAN-CIRCULATION; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; DATA ASSIMILATION; DEEP CIRCULATION; TAIWAN STRAIT; GLOBAL-MODEL; WATER; TRANSPORT; EAST AB A new circulation model of the western North Pacific Ocean based on the parallelized version of the Princeton Ocean Model and incorporating the Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (LETKF) data assimilation scheme has been developed. The new model assimilates satellite data and is tested for the period January 1 to April 3, 2012 initialized from a 24-year simulation to estimate the ocean state focusing in the South China Sea (SCS). Model results are compared against estimates based on the optimum interpolation (OI) assimilation scheme and are validated against independent Argo float and transport data to assess model skills. LETKF provides improved estimates of the western North Pacific Ocean state including transports through various straits in the SCS. In the Luzon Strait, the model confirms, for the first time, the three-layer transport structure previously deduced in the literature from sparse observations: westward in the upper and lower layers and eastward in the middle layer. This structure is shown to be robust, and the related dynamics are analyzed using the results of a long-term (18 years) unassimilated North Pacific Ocean model. Potential vorticity and mass conservations suggest a basin-wide cyclonic circulation in the upper layer of the SCS (z > -570 m), an anticyclonic circulation in the middle layer (-570 m a parts per thousand yenaEuro parts per thousand z > -2,000 m), and, in the abyssal basin (<-2,000 m), the circulation is cyclonic in the north and anticyclonic in the south. The cyclone-anticyclone abyssal circulation is confirmed and explained using a deep-layer reduced-gravity model as being caused by overflow over the deep sill of the Luzon Strait, coupled with intense, localized upwelling west of the strait. C1 [Xu, Fang-Hua] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Minist Educ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Oey, Lie-Yauw] Natl Cent Univ, Zhongli, Taiwan. [Oey, Lie-Yauw] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Xu, FH (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Minist Educ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM fxu@tsinghua.edu.cn RI Xu, Fanghua/H-2398-2015 FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2013CB956603]; Tsinghua University; National Science Council; National Central University FX We are grateful to the three reviewers and the editor for their comments and suggestions that improved the manuscript. We thank Y.-L. Chang, Y.-C. Lin, and M.-C. Chang of the ATOP Group for their assistance in running the mpiPOM. The supports for FHX from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, Grant No. 2013CB956603) and from the start-up funds of the Tsinghua University are acknowledged. LYO is grateful for the award from the Taiwan's Foundation for the Advancement of Outstanding Scholarship and acknowledges partial supports from the National Science Council and the National Central University. NR 71 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1616-7341 EI 1616-7228 J9 OCEAN DYNAM JI Ocean Dyn. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 64 IS 6 BP 905 EP 923 DI 10.1007/s10236-014-0720-y PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AI6KC UT WOS:000336981700011 ER PT J AU Islam, R Campbell, WC Choi, T Clark, SM Conover, CWS Debnath, S Edwards, EE Fields, B Hayes, D Hucul, D Inlek, IV Johnson, KG Korenblit, S Lee, A Lee, KW Manning, TA Matsukevich, DN Mizrahi, J Quraishi, Q Senko, C Smith, J Monroe, C AF Islam, R. Campbell, W. C. Choi, T. Clark, S. M. Conover, C. W. S. Debnath, S. Edwards, E. E. Fields, B. Hayes, D. Hucul, D. Inlek, I. V. Johnson, K. G. Korenblit, S. Lee, A. Lee, K. W. Manning, T. A. Matsukevich, D. N. Mizrahi, J. Quraishi, Q. Senko, C. Smith, J. Monroe, C. TI Beat note stabilization of mode-locked lasers for quantum information processing SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPUTERS AB We stabilize a chosen radio frequency beat note between two optical fields derived from the same mode-locked laser pulse train in order to coherently manipulate quantum information. This scheme does not require access or active stabilization of the laser repetition rate. We implement and characterize this external lock, in the context of two-photon stimulated Raman transitions between the hyperfine ground states of trapped Yb-171(+) quantum bits. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Islam, R.; Campbell, W. C.; Choi, T.; Clark, S. M.; Conover, C. W. S.; Debnath, S.; Edwards, E. E.; Fields, B.; Hayes, D.; Hucul, D.; Inlek, I. V.; Johnson, K. G.; Korenblit, S.; Lee, A.; Lee, K. W.; Manning, T. A.; Matsukevich, D. N.; Mizrahi, J.; Quraishi, Q.; Senko, C.; Smith, J.; Monroe, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Islam, R.; Campbell, W. C.; Choi, T.; Clark, S. M.; Conover, C. W. S.; Debnath, S.; Edwards, E. E.; Fields, B.; Hayes, D.; Hucul, D.; Inlek, I. V.; Johnson, K. G.; Korenblit, S.; Lee, A.; Lee, K. W.; Manning, T. A.; Matsukevich, D. N.; Mizrahi, J.; Quraishi, Q.; Senko, C.; Smith, J.; Monroe, C.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Conover, C. W. S.] Colby Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterville, ME 04901 USA. RP Monroe, C (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM monroe@umd.edu RI Matsukevich, Dzmitry/C-9134-2009; Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011 FU DARPA Optical Lattice Emulator Program; IARPA MQCO Program under ARO contract; ARO MURI Program on Hybrid Quantum Circuits; NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI FX This work is supported by the DARPA Optical Lattice Emulator Program, the IARPA MQCO Program under ARO contract, the ARO MURI Program on Hybrid Quantum Circuits, and the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 11 BP 3238 EP 3241 DI 10.1364/OL.39.003238 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA AI7UX UT WOS:000337107100040 PM 24876022 ER PT J AU Bao, CY Funk, AC Yang, CX Cundiff, ST AF Bao, Chengying Funk, Andrew C. Yang, Changxi Cundiff, Steven T. TI Pulse dynamics in a mode-locked fiber laser and its quantum limited comb frequency uncertainty SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISPERSION; NOISE AB We present an experimental study of pulse dynamics in a mode-locked Er: fiber laser. By injecting a continuous wave laser with sinusoidal intensity modulation into the fiber laser, we are able to modulate the gain. Measuring the response of the pulse energy, central frequency, central pulse time, and phase to the gain modulation allows determination of the parameters that describe their coupling. Based on the experimentally derived parameters, we evaluate the free running comb linewidth and frequency uncertainty with feedback included, assuming quantum noise is the limiting factor. Optimization of fiber lasers is also discussed. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Bao, Chengying; Funk, Andrew C.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bao, Chengying; Funk, Andrew C.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bao, Chengying; Yang, Changxi] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Precis Instruments, State Key Lab Precis Measurement Technol & Instru, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 11 BP 3266 EP 3269 DI 10.1364/OL.39.003266 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA AI7UX UT WOS:000337107100047 PM 24876029 ER PT J AU Atkinson, A Hill, SL Barange, M Pakhomov, EA Raubenheimer, D Schmidt, K Simpson, SJ Reiss, C AF Atkinson, Angus Hill, Simeon L. Barange, Manuel Pakhomov, Evgeny A. Raubenheimer, David Schmidt, Katrin Simpson, Stephen J. Reiss, Christian TI Sardine cycles, krill declines, and locust plagues: revisiting 'wasp-waist' food webs SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID HUMBOLDT CURRENT ECOSYSTEM; NATURAL GROWTH-RATES; ANTARCTIC KRILL; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; COLLECTIVE MOVEMENT; SOUTHERN BENGUELA; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; SINKING RATES; FECAL PELLETS; SCOTIA SEA AB 'Wasp-waist' systems are dominated by a mid trophic-level species that is thought to exert top-down control on its food and bottom-up control on its predators. Sardines, anchovy, and Antarctic krill are suggested examples, and here we use locusts to explore whether the wasp-waist concept also applies on land. These examples also display the traits of mobile aggregations and dietary diversity, which help to reduce the foraging footprint from their large, localised biomasses. This suggests that top-down control on their food operates at local aggregation scales and not at wider scales suggested by the original definition of wasp-waist. With this modification, the wasp-waist framework can cross-fertilise marine and terrestrial approaches, revealing how seemingly disparate but economically important systems operate. C1 [Atkinson, Angus; Barange, Manuel] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Hill, Simeon L.; Schmidt, Katrin] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Pakhomov, Evgeny A.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Raubenheimer, David; Simpson, Stephen J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Raubenheimer, David; Simpson, Stephen J.] Univ Sydney, Charles Perkins Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Raubenheimer, David] Univ Sydney, Fac Vet Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Reiss, Christian] NOAA Fisheries, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Atkinson, A (reprint author), Plymouth Marine Lab, Prospect Pl, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. EM aat@pml.ac.uk RI Simeon, Hill/B-2307-2008; Barange, Manuel/D-2689-2016; OI Barange, Manuel/0000-0002-1508-0483; Simpson, Stephen J./0000-0003-0256-7687 NR 74 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 29 IS 6 BP 309 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2014.03.011 PG 8 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA AI4YY UT WOS:000336873800006 PM 24755099 ER PT J AU Kim, HS Chung, YS Tans, PP AF Kim, Hak-Sung Chung, Yong-Seung Tans, Pieter P. TI A study on carbon dioxide concentrations and carbon isotopes measured in East Asia during 1991-2011 SO AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; Isotope; The East Asian region; Annual growth rate; Seasonal variation ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; AIR-QUALITY; ABUNDANCES; POLLUTION AB Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and the isotope composition (delta C-13) were analyzed in Mt. Waliguan (WLG), China; Ulaan Uul (UUM), Mongolia; Tae-ahn Peninsula (TAP), Korea; Ryori (RYO), Japan; and Mauna Loa (MLO), Hawaii during 1991-2011. The average CO2 growth rate at MLO was 1.7 ppm year(-1) during 1993-2004 and accelerated to 2.0 ppm year(-1) during 2005-2011. The average difference from MLO during 1993-2004 was 0.27, 0.98, 4.18, and 2.83 ppm for WLG, UUM, TAP, and RYO, respectively. During 2005-2011, the average differences for WLG, UUM, TAP, and RYO increased to 0.33, 1.40, 5.81, and 2.99 ppm. Also, the annual range of CO2 at TAP has become large compared with MLO. CO2 concentrations at TAP, located on the downwind site of China, are increasing slightly faster than in the rest of the Northern Hemisphere, especially since about 2005. The long-term increase is caused by the burning of fossil fuels, although with some year-to-year variation caused by terrestrial ecosystems. CO2 concentration increases were due to the consumption of fossil fuels for heating in winter and agricultural activities in spring. The variations of delta C-13 reflect the large seasonal variation and increasing trend of CO2. The integrated value of delta C-13(s) of the sources in the East Asian region ranges from -28.0 to -27.1 aEuro degrees, with CO2, which was emitted by fossil fuels, being added. Airflow that arrived at TAP was divided into continental background (CBG) route, regionally polluted continental (RPC) route, and oceanic background (OBG) route. CO2 concentration was higher in CBG and RPC routes, and delta C-13 stayed at a low value. The isotopic fractionation factor of sources and sinks in the three sectors CBG, RPC, and OBG was -27.5 +/- 0.3 aEuro degrees (one sigma), -29.0 +/- 0.6, and -23.0 +/- 1.5 aEuro degrees, respectively. In the RPC route, traversing the industrial regions in eastern China where fossil fuels are consumed in large quantities, the lightest delta C-13 value was registered. Lower CO2 concentrations and heavier delta C-13 values were dominant in summer in OBG signatures. C1 [Kim, Hak-Sung; Chung, Yong-Seung] Korea Ctr Atmospher Environm Res, Cheongwon 363891, Chungbuk, South Korea. [Tans, Pieter P.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kim, HS (reprint author), Korea Ctr Atmospher Environm Res, 304 Koonghyon, Cheongwon 363891, Chungbuk, South Korea. EM envir007@chol.com FU Korea Meteorological Administration, CATER [2012-6160] FX This study was carried out with a science subvention of the Korea Meteorological Administration, CATER (2012-6160). CO2 data of Ryori were provided by Japan meteorological Agency. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1873-9318 EI 1873-9326 J9 AIR QUAL ATMOS HLTH JI Air Qual. Atmos. Health PD JUN PY 2014 VL 7 IS 2 BP 173 EP 179 DI 10.1007/s11869-014-0246-y PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AH8PU UT WOS:000336401000006 ER PT J AU Stewart, JS Hazen, EL Bograd, SJ Byrnes, JEK Foley, DG Gilly, WF Robison, BH Field, JC AF Stewart, Julia S. Hazen, Elliott L. Bograd, Steven J. Byrnes, Jarrett E. K. Foley, David G. Gilly, William F. Robison, Bruce H. Field, John C. TI Combined climate- and prey-mediated range expansion of Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas), a large marine predator in the California Current System SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deep scattering layer; hypoxia; jumbo squid; oxygen minimum zones; pelagic ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; HAKE MERLUCCIUS-PRODUCTUS; OXYGEN-MINIMUM ZONES; JUMBO SQUID; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; OCEAN; HYPOXIA; OMMASTREPHIDAE; CEPHALOPODA; PACIFIC AB Climate-driven range shifts are ongoing in pelagic marine environments, and ecosystems must respond to combined effects of altered species distributions and environmental drivers. Hypoxic oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) in midwater environments are shoaling globally; this can affect distributions of species both geographically and vertically along with predator-prey dynamics. Humboldt (jumbo) squid (Dosidicus gigas) are highly migratory predators adapted to hypoxic conditions that may be deleterious to their competitors and predators. Consequently, OMZ shoaling may preferentially facilitate foraging opportunities for Humboldt squid. With two separate modeling approaches using unique, long-term data based on in situ observations of predator, prey, and environmental variables, our analyses suggest that Humboldt squid are indirectly affected by OMZ shoaling through effects on a primary food source, myctophid fishes. Our results suggest that this indirect linkage between hypoxia and foraging is an important driver of the ongoing range expansion of Humboldt squid in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. C1 [Stewart, Julia S.; Gilly, William F.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Synth & Anal, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Stewart, Julia S.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Hazen, Elliott L.; Bograd, Steven J.; Foley, David G.] NOAA, Div Environm Res, NMFS Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Hazen, Elliott L.; Foley, David G.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Cooperat Inst Marine Ecosyst & Climate, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Byrnes, Jarrett E. K.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Robison, Bruce H.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Field, John C.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, NMFS Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Stewart, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Synth & Anal, 735 State St, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. EM jstewart@nceas.ucsb.edu OI Byrnes, Jarrett/0000-0002-9791-9472; Hazen, Elliott/0000-0002-0412-7178 FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; National Science Foundation; California Sea Grant; NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program FX We dedicate this manuscript to our colleague and coauthor Dave Foley, a generous and unparalleled colleague, mentor, and friend. We thank R. Sherlock and S. Haddock for accessing MBARI data from the internal VARS and Expedition Databases. We also thank MBARI's ROV pilots and ships' crew and the data and video teams, particularly S. Von Thun, B. Schlining, K. Schlining, and L. Kuntz. We thank P. Daniel and A. Booth for making the maps. A. Booth, D. Staaf, P. Daniel, L. Zeidberg, R. Thomas, I. Stewart, W. Sydeman, M. Hunsicker, and B. Wells provided helpful discussion and support. Y. Rosseel created the lavaan package and graciously provided guidance. S. Haddock provided invaluable instruction on data management and processing without which this project would not have been possible (Haddock & Dunn, 2011). Funding was provided by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the National Science Foundation, California Sea Grant, and the NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program. Authors declare no conflict of interest. NR 74 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 8 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1832 EP 1843 DI 10.1111/gcb.12502 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AH9SP UT WOS:000336482700012 PM 24443361 ER PT J AU Nelson, ARJ Dewhurst, CD AF Nelson, Andrew Robert John Dewhurst, Charles David TI Towards a detailed resolution smearing kernel for time-of-flight neutron reflectometers (vol 46, pg 1338, 2013) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Correction C1 [Nelson, Andrew Robert John] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia. [Nelson, Andrew Robert John] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dewhurst, Charles David] Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. RP Nelson, ARJ (reprint author), Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia. EM andrew.nelson@ansto.gov.au RI Nelson, Andrew/C-2545-2012 OI Nelson, Andrew/0000-0002-4548-3558 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 EI 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 47 BP 1162 EP 1162 DI 10.1107/S1600576714009595 PN 3 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA AI3DE UT WOS:000336738500038 ER PT J AU Scavia, D Allan, JD Arend, KK Bartell, S Beletsky, D Bosch, NS Brandt, SB Briland, RD Daloglu, I DePinto, JV Dolan, DM Evans, MA Farmer, TM Goto, D Han, HJ Hook, TO Knight, R Ludsin, SA Mason, D Michalak, AM Richards, RP Roberts, JJ Rucinski, DK Rutherford, E Schwab, DJ Sesterhenn, TM Zhang, HY Zhou, YT AF Scavia, Donald Allan, J. David Arend, Kristin K. Bartell, Steven Beletsky, Dmitry Bosch, Nate S. Brandt, Stephen B. Briland, Ruth D. Daloglu, Irem DePinto, Joseph V. Dolan, David M. Evans, Mary Anne Farmer, Troy M. Goto, Daisuke Han, Haejin Hoeoek, Tomas O. Knight, Roger Ludsin, Stuart A. Mason, Doran Michalak, Anna M. Richards, R. Peter Roberts, James J. Rucinski, Daniel K. Rutherford, Edward Schwab, David J. Sesterhenn, Timothy M. Zhang, Hongyan Zhou, Yuntao TI Assessing and addressing the re-eutrophication of Lake Erie: Central basin hypoxia SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Lake Erie; Hypoxia; Phosphorus load targets; Best management practices ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; MUSSEL DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; SEDIMENT OXYGEN-DEMAND; TOTAL PHOSPHORUS; WATER-QUALITY; SAGINAW BAY; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; UNITED-STATES; THERMAL STRUCTURE AB Relieving phosphorus loading is a key management tool for controlling Lake Erie eutrophication. During the 1960s and 1970s, increased phosphorus inputs degraded water quality and reduced central basin hypolimnetic oxygen levels which, in turn, eliminated thermal habitat vital to cold-water organisms and contributed to the extirpation of important benthic macroinvertebrate prey species for fishes. In response to load reductions initiated in 1972, Lake Erie responded quickly with reduced water-column phosphorus concentrations, phytoplankton biomass, and bottom-water hypoxia (dissolved oxygen <2 mg/l). Since the mid-1990s, cyanobacteria blooms increased and extensive hypoxia and benthic algae returned. We synthesize recent research leading to guidance for addressing this re-eutrophication, with particular emphasis on central basin hypoxia. We document recent trends in key eutrophication-related properties, assess their likely ecological impacts, and develop load response curves to guide revised hypoxia-based loading targets called for in the 2012 Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. Reducing central basin hypoxic area to levels observed in the early 1990s (ca. 2000 km(2)) requires cutting total phosphorus loads by 46% from the 2003-2011 average or reducing dissolved reactive phosphorus loads by 78% from the 2005-2011 average. Reductions to these levels are also protective of fish habitat We provide potential approaches for achieving those new loading targets, and suggest that recent load reduction recommendations focused on western basin cyanobacteria blooms may not be sufficient to reduce central basin hypoxia to 2000 km(2). (C) 2014 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Scavia, Donald] Univ Michigan, Graham Sustainabil Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA. [Allan, J. David; Daloglu, Irem; Rucinski, Daniel K.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Arend, Kristin K.] Old Woman Creek Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Huron, OH 44839 USA. [Bartell, Steven] Cardno ENTRIX, Maryville, TN 37801 USA. [Beletsky, Dmitry; Zhang, Hongyan] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bosch, Nate S.] Grace Coll, Winona Lake, IN 46590 USA. [Brandt, Stephen B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Briland, Ruth D.; Farmer, Troy M.; Ludsin, Stuart A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Aquat Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [DePinto, Joseph V.; Rucinski, Daniel K.] LimnoTech, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Dolan, David M.] Univ Wisconsin, Green Bay, WI 54302 USA. [Evans, Mary Anne] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Goto, Daisuke] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Han, Haejin] Korea Environm Inst, Seoul 122706, South Korea. [Hoeoek, Tomas O.; Sesterhenn, Timothy M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Knight, Roger] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. [Mason, Doran; Rutherford, Edward] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Michalak, Anna M.; Zhou, Yuntao] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Richards, R. Peter] Heidelberg Univ, Natl Ctr Water Qual Res, Tiffin, OH 44883 USA. [Roberts, James J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schwab, David J.] Univ Michigan, Water Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA. [Zhou, Yuntao] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Scavia, D (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Graham Sustainabil Inst, 625 E Liberty, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA. RI Zhou, Yuntao/J-4363-2014; Goto, Daisuke/F-7393-2013; OI Goto, Daisuke/0000-0003-2668-1310; Evans, Mary Anne/0000-0002-1627-7210; Arend, Kristin/0000-0003-1115-1050; Mason, Doran/0000-0002-6017-4243; Rutherford, Edward/0000-0002-7282-6667; Beletsky, Dmitry/0000-0003-4532-0588 FU NOAA Center for Coastal Sponsored Research EcoFore Lake Erie project [13-005]; NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research [NA070AR4320006, NA10NOS4780218, NA09NOS4780234]; NSF [0644648, 1313897, 1039043, 0927643]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Ohio Division of Wildlife Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration [F-69-P] FX This is publication 13-005 of the NOAA Center for Coastal Sponsored Research EcoFore Lake Erie project, publication # 1681 from NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, and publication 1830 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. Support for portions of the work reported in this manuscript was provided by the NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research under awards NA07OAR4320006, NA10NOS4780218, and NA09NOS4780234; by NSF grants 0644648, 1313897, 1039043 and 0927643; and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Ohio Division of Wildlife Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration grant F-69-P. The Heidelberg tributary datasets have been supported by many agencies over their 38-year history, including USDA-NIFA, USDA-NRCS, the State of Ohio, the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, the Joyce Foundation, the Andersons, The Fertilizer Institute, and, in the past, the U.S. EPA and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The Lake Erie Central Basin data sets used for hypoxia modeling came primarily from U.S. EPA-GLNPO and Environment Canada monitoring programs. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 156 TC 74 Z9 79 U1 19 U2 238 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 40 IS 2 BP 226 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.02.004 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI1TI UT WOS:000336637300002 ER PT J AU Bowden, JA Bangma, JT Kucklick, JR AF Bowden, John A. Bangma, Jackie T. Kucklick, John R. TI Development of an Automated Multi-Injection Shotgun Lipidomics Approach Using a Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article DE Shotgun lipidomics; Lipid profiling; Triple quadrupole mass spectrometry; Flow-injection analysis; Multi-injection shotgun lipidomics; Tandem mass spectrometry; Direct-infusion ID HIGH-THROUGHPUT QUANTIFICATION; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; LITHIATED ADDUCTS; METABOLIC SYNDROME; CRUDE EXTRACTS; LIPIDS; IDENTIFICATION; DISEASE; PLASMA AB Shotgun lipidomics is a well-suited approach to monitor lipid alterations due to its ability to scan for varying lipid types on a global, class and individual species level. However, the ability to perform high-throughput shotgun lipidomics has remained challenging due to time-consuming data processing and hardware limitations. To increase the throughput nature of shotgun lipidomics, an automated shotgun lipidomics approach is described utilizing conventional low flow gradient liquid chromatography (LC) analysis (post-injection) coupled with multiple sample injections per sample (on a lipid scan per injection basis). The proposed automated multi-injection approach resulted in a reproducible lipid scanning period of 2.5 min (in a 4.5 min total data acquisition period), thereby providing a sufficient scanning period for performing either mass spectrometric or tandem mass spectrometric analyses. In addition to being simple, robust and reproducible, this approach was also constructed to be cost-effective by using common LC instrumentation and customizable as the data acquisition period can be tailored to perform different scan types, period lengths and scan numbers. Combined with a strategy to create multiple lipid-specific aliquots per sample, the overall approach provides a simple and efficient platform to perform high-throughput lipid profiling. C1 [Bowden, John A.; Kucklick, John R.] NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Bangma, Jackie T.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Obstet Gynecol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Bowden, JA (reprint author), NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM john.bowden@nist.gov; jacjac1575@gmail.com; john.kucklick@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0024-4201 EI 1558-9307 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD JUN PY 2014 VL 49 IS 6 BP 609 EP 619 DI 10.1007/s11745-014-3903-x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA AI3ZT UT WOS:000336805400009 PM 24728931 ER PT J AU Penny, SG AF Penny, Stephen G. TI The Hybrid Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; PART I; ANALYSIS SCHEMES; ERROR; SYSTEMS; MODEL; NWP AB Hybrid data assimilation methods combine elements of ensemble Kalman filters (EnKF) and variational methods. While most approaches have focused on augmenting an operational variational system with dynamic error covariance information from an ensemble, this study takes the opposite perspective of augmenting an operational EnKF with information from a simple 3D variational data assimilation (3D-Var) method. A class of hybrid methods is introduced that combines the gain matrices of the ensemble and variational methods, rather than linearly combining the respective background error covariances. A hybrid local ensemble transform Kalman filter (Hybrid-LETKF) is presented in two forms: 1) a traditionally motivated Hybrid/Covariance-LETKF that combines the background error covariance matrices of LETKF and 3D-Var, and 2) a simple-to-implement algorithm called the Hybrid/Mean-LETKF that falls into the new class of hybrid gain methods. Both forms improve analysis errors when using small ensemble sizes and low observation coverage versus either LETKF or 3D-Var used alone. The results imply that for small ensemble sizes, allowing a solution to be found outside of the space spanned by ensemble members provides robustness in both hybrid methods compared to LETKF alone. Finally, the simplicity of the Hybrid/Mean-LETKF design implies that this algorithm can be applied operationally while requiring only minor modifications to an existing operational 3D-Var system. C1 [Penny, Stephen G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Penny, Stephen G.] NOAA NWS NCEP, College Pk, MD USA. RP Penny, SG (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 2431 Comp & Space Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM Steve.Penny@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [OCE1233942] FX I gratefully acknowledge the thoughtful comments from unofficial reviewer Eugenia Kalnay, official reviewer Ross Hoffman, and two anonymous reviewers. Also, I thank Jim Carton, Steven Greybush, Brian Hunt, and Daryl Kleist for discussions that led to this work; David Behringer and NCEP for motivating the Hybrid-LETKF; and Craig Bishop for the helpful discussions on the general role of hybrid methods in data assimilation. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant OCE1233942. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 142 IS 6 BP 2139 EP 2149 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00131.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI5AT UT WOS:000336878500004 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Peng, PT Chen, MY AF Kumar, Arun Peng, Peitao Chen, Mingyue TI Is There a Relationship between Potential and Actual Skill? SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL PREDICTION; SEA-ICE; PREDICTABILITY; MODEL; OSCILLATION; SYSTEM AB In this paper, possible connections between actual and potential skill are discussed. Actual skill refers to when the prediction time series is validated against the observations as the verification while perfect skill refers to when the observed verification time series is replaced by one of the members from the ensemble of predictions. It is argued that (i) there need not be a relationship between potential and actual skill; (ii) potential skill is not constrained to be always greater than actual skill, and examples to the contrary can be found; and (iii) there are methods whereby statistical characteristics of predicted anomalies can be compared with the corresponding in the observations, and inferences about the validity of the (positive) gap between potential and actual skill as "room for improvement" can be better substantiated. C1 [Kumar, Arun; Peng, Peitao; Chen, Mingyue] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM arun.kumar@noaa.gov NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 142 IS 6 BP 2220 EP 2227 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00287.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI5AT UT WOS:000336878500009 ER PT J AU Griffin, EM Schuur, TJ MacGorman, DR Kumjian, MR Fierro, AO AF Griffin, Erica M. Schuur, Terry J. MacGorman, Donald R. Kumjian, Matthew R. Fierro, Alexandre O. TI An Electrical and Polarimetric Analysis of the Overland Reintensification of Tropical Storm Erin (2007) SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATION; VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; COARE SQUALL LINE; WRF-ARW MODEL; LIGHTNING LOCATION; SUPERCELL STORM; HOT TOWERS; TOGA-COARE; THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION; HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION AB While passing over central Oklahoma on 18-19 August 2007, the remnants of Tropical Storm Erin unexpectedly reintensified and developed an eyelike feature that was clearly discernable in Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) imagery During this brief reintensification period, Erin traversed a region of dense surface and remote sensing observation networks that provided abundant data of high spatial and temporal resolution. This study analyzes data from the polarimetric KOUN S-band radar, total lightning data from the Oklahoma Lightning Mapping Array, and ground-flash lightning data from the National Lightning Detection Network. Erin's reintensification was atypical since it occurred well inland and was accompanied by stronger maximum sustained winds and gusts (25 and 37 m s(-1), respectively) and lower minimum sea level pressure (1001.3 hPa) than while over water. Radar observations reveal several similarities to those documented in mature tropical cyclones over open water, including outward-sloping eyewall convection, near 0-dBZ reflectivities within the eye, and relatively large updraft velocities in the eyewall as inferred from single-Doppler winds and Z(DR) columns. Deep, electrified convection near the center of circulation preceded the formation of Erin's eye, with maximum lightning activity occurring prior to and during reintensification. The results show that inner-core convection may have played a role in the reinvigoration of the storm. C1 [Griffin, Erica M.; Schuur, Terry J.; Kumjian, Matthew R.; Fierro, Alexandre O.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Griffin, Erica M.; Schuur, Terry J.; MacGorman, Donald R.; Kumjian, Matthew R.; Fierro, Alexandre O.] NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Griffin, Erica M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kumjian, Matthew R.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Adv Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Griffin, EM (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, CIMMS, Suite 2100,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM erica.griffin@noaa.gov RI Fierro, Alexandre/C-4733-2014; OI Fierro, Alexandre/0000-0002-4859-1255; MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227, NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. National Weather Service; Federal Aviation Administration; Department of Defense; National Science Foundation [ATM-0233268, ATM-0924621] FX This work evolved from a master's thesis (by the first author) at the University of Oklahoma. The authors thank the NSSL/CIMMS employees who maintain and operate the OK-LMA and KOUN polarimetric radar for research-grade operations. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreements NA17RJ1227 and NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce, and by the U.S. National Weather Service, Federal Aviation Administration, and Department of Defense program for modernization of NEXRAD radars. Partial support for the research was provided by the National Science Foundation Grant ATM-0233268 and ATM-0924621. The authors thank the Oklahoma Climatological Survey for supplying the Oklahoma Mesonet data used in this study. We would also like to thank Dr. David Jorgensen of NSSL for providing a thorough review of this manuscript, and two anonymous reviewers for useful comments that helped improve the manuscript. NR 85 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 142 IS 6 BP 2321 EP 2344 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00360.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI5AT UT WOS:000336878500015 ER PT J AU Griffies, SM Yin, JJ Durack, PJ Goddard, P Bates, SC Behrens, E Bentsen, M Bi, DH Biastoch, A Boning, CW Bozec, A Chassignet, E Danabasoglu, G Danilov, S Domingues, CM Drange, H Farneti, R Fernandez, E Greatbatch, RJ Holland, DM Ilicak, M Large, WG Lorbacher, K Lu, JH Marsland, SJ Mishra, A Nurser, AJG Melia, DSY Palter, JB Samuels, BL Schroter, J Schwarzkopf, FU Sidorenko, D Treguier, AM Tseng, YH Tsujino, H Uotila, P Valcke, S Voldoire, A Wang, Q Winton, M Zhang, XB AF Griffies, Stephen M. Yin, Jianjun Durack, Paul J. Goddard, Paul Bates, Susan C. Behrens, Erik Bentsen, Mats Bi, Daohua Biastoch, Arne Boening, Claus W. Bozec, Alexandra Chassignet, Eric Danabasoglu, Gokhan Danilov, Sergey Domingues, Catia M. Drange, Helge Farneti, Riccardo Fernandez, Elodie Greatbatch, Richard J. Holland, David M. Ilicak, Mehmet Large, William G. Lorbacher, Katja Lu, Jianhua Marsland, Simon J. Mishra, Akhilesh Nurser, A. J. George Salas y Melia, David Palter, Jaime B. Samuels, Bonita L. Schroeter, Jens Schwarzkopf, Franziska U. Sidorenko, Dmitry Treguier, Anne Marie Tseng, Yu-heng Tsujino, Hiroyuki Uotila, Petteri Valcke, Sophie Voldoire, Aurore Wang, Qiang Winton, Michael Zhang, Xuebin TI An assessment of global and regional sea level for years 1993-2007 in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Sea level; CORE global ocean-ice simulations; Steric sea level; Global sea level; Ocean heat content ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; FREE-SURFACE METHOD; HEAT-CONTENT; PART I; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; CYCLE INTENSIFICATION; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; CLIMATE MODELS; UNITED-STATES AB We provide an assessment of sea level simulated in a suite of global ocean-sea ice models using the interannual CORE atmospheric state to determine surface ocean boundary buoyancy and momentum fluxes. These CORE-II simulations are compared amongst themselves as well as to observation-based estimates. We focus on the final 15 years of the simulations (1993-2007), as this is a period where the CORE-II atmospheric state is well sampled, and it allows us to compare sea level related fields to both satellite and in situ analyses. The ensemble mean of the CORE-II simulations broadly agree with various global and regional observation-based analyses during this period, though with the global mean thermosteric sea level rise biased low relative to observation-based analyses. The simulations reveal a positive trend in dynamic sea level in the west Pacific and negative trend in the east, with this trend arising from wind shifts and regional changes in upper 700 m ocean heat content. The models also exhibit a thermosteric sea level rise in the subpolar North Atlantic associated with a transition around 1995/1996 of the North Atlantic Oscillation to its negative phase, and the advection of warm subtropical waters into the subpolar gyre. Sea level trends are predominantly associated with steric trends, with thermosteric effects generally far larger than halosteric effects, except in the Arctic and North Atlantic. There is a general anticorrelation between thermosteric and halosteric effects for much of the World Ocean, associated with density compensated changes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Griffies, Stephen M.; Samuels, Bonita L.; Winton, Michael] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Yin, Jianjun; Goddard, Paul] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Durack, Paul J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA USA. [Bates, Susan C.; Danabasoglu, Gokhan; Large, William G.; Tseng, Yu-heng] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Behrens, Erik; Biastoch, Arne; Boening, Claus W.; Greatbatch, Richard J.; Schwarzkopf, Franziska U.] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Kiel, Germany. [Bentsen, Mats; Ilicak, Mehmet] Uni Res Ltd, Uni Climate, Bergen, Norway. [Bi, Daohua; Lorbacher, Katja; Marsland, Simon J.; Uotila, Petteri] CSIRO, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Bozec, Alexandra; Chassignet, Eric; Lu, Jianhua; Mishra, Akhilesh] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Danilov, Sergey; Schroeter, Jens; Sidorenko, Dmitry; Wang, Qiang] Alfred Wegener Inst AWI Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Domingues, Catia M.] Univ Tasmania, Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Drange, Helge] Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway. [Farneti, Riccardo] Abdus Salaam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Trieste, Italy. [Fernandez, Elodie; Valcke, Sophie] CNRS INSU, URA 1875, Ctr Europeen Rech & Format Avanceen Calcul Sci, Toulouse, France. [Holland, David M.] NYU, New York, NY 10012 USA. [Nurser, A. J. George] Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Southampton, Hants, England. [Salas y Melia, David; Voldoire, Aurore] Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol CNRM GAME, Toulouse, France. [Palter, Jaime B.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Treguier, Anne Marie] CNRS Ifremer IRD UBO, UMR 6523, Lab Phys Oceans, Plouzane, France. [Tsujino, Hiroyuki] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Zhang, Xuebin] CSIRO, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. RP Griffies, SM (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Stephen.Griffies@noaa.gov RI Marsland, Simon/A-1453-2012; Zhang, Xuebin/A-3405-2012; Durack, Paul/A-8758-2010; Danilov, Sergey/S-6184-2016; ILICAK, Mehmet/H-2219-2011; Domingues, Catia /A-2901-2015; Boening, Claus/B-1686-2012; Treguier, Anne Marie/B-7497-2009; Uotila, Petteri/A-1703-2012; Farneti, Riccardo/B-5183-2011; Bi, Daohua/O-4508-2015; Biastoch, Arne/B-5219-2014 OI Tseng, Yu-heng/0000-0002-4816-4974; Marsland, Simon/0000-0002-5664-5276; Zhang, Xuebin/0000-0003-1731-3524; Durack, Paul/0000-0003-2835-1438; ILICAK, Mehmet/0000-0002-4777-8835; Domingues, Catia /0000-0001-5100-4595; Boening, Claus/0000-0002-6251-5777; Treguier, Anne Marie/0000-0003-4569-845X; Uotila, Petteri/0000-0002-2939-7561; Biastoch, Arne/0000-0003-3946-4390 FU US National Science Foundation; Australian Government Department of the Environment; Bureau of Meteorology; CSIRO through the Australian Climate Change Science Programme; BNP-Paribas foundation via the PRE-CLIDE project under the CNRS [30023488]; Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program of the U. S. Department of Energy Office of Science; European Commission's 7th Framework Programme [282672]; NOAA CPO [NA13OAR4310128]; NYU Abu Dhabi grant [G1204]; [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX NCAR is sponsored by the US National Science Foundation. The ACCESS model is supported by the Australian Government Department of the Environment, the Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO through the Australian Climate Change Science Programme. E. Fernandez was supported by the BNP-Paribas foundation via the PRE-CLIDE project under the CNRS research convention agreement 30023488. P.J. Durack was supported by the Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program of the U. S. Department of Energy Office of Science, and his research was performed at LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. A.M. Treguier acknowledges support of the European Commission's 7th Framework Programme, under Grant Agreement number 282672, EMBRACE project. J. Yin and P. Goddard are supported by NOAA CPO under Grant NA13OAR4310128. D. M. Holland was supported by NYU Abu Dhabi grant G1204. NR 144 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 78 BP 35 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2014.03.004 PG 55 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA AI0DJ UT WOS:000336516100003 ER PT J AU Enochs, IC Manzello, DP Carlton, R Schopmeyer, S van Hooidonk, R Lirman, D AF Enochs, I. C. Manzello, D. P. Carlton, R. Schopmeyer, S. van Hooidonk, R. Lirman, D. TI Effects of light and elevated pCO(2) on the growth and photochemical efficiency of Acropora cervicornis SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Acropora cervicornis; Ocean acidification; Light; Calcification ID REEF-BUILDING CORALS; REGION-WIDE DECLINES; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; SURFACE-AREA; CARBONATE DISSOLUTION; STYLOPHORA-PISTILLATA; HERMATYPIC CORAL; CALCIFICATION; RATES; ACID AB The effects of light and elevated pCO(2) on the growth and photochemical efficiency of the critically endangered staghorn coral, Acropora cervicornis, were examined experimentally. Corals were subjected to high and low treatments of CO2 and light in a fully crossed design and monitored using 3D scanning and buoyant weight methodologies. Calcification rates, linear extension, as well as colony surface area and volume of A. cervicornis were highly dependent on light intensity. At pCO(2) levels projected to occur by the end of the century from ocean acidification (OA), A. cervicornis exhibited depressed calcification, but no change in linear extension. Photochemical efficiency (F (v) /F (m) ) was higher at low light, but unaffected by CO2. Amelioration of OA-depressed calcification under high-light treatments was not observed, and we suggest that the high-light intensity necessary to reach saturation of photosynthesis and calcification in A. cervicornis may limit the effectiveness of this potentially protective mechanism in this species. High CO2 causes depressed skeletal density, but not linear extension, illustrating that the measurement of extension by itself is inadequate to detect CO2 impacts. The skeletal integrity of A. cervicornis will be impaired by OA, which may further reduce the resilience of the already diminished populations of this endangered species. C1 [Enochs, I. C.; Carlton, R.; van Hooidonk, R.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Enochs, I. C.; Manzello, D. P.; Carlton, R.; van Hooidonk, R.] NOAA, AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Schopmeyer, S.; Lirman, D.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Enochs, IC (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ienochs@rsmas.miami.edu RI Manzello, Derek/A-8661-2014; van Hooidonk, Ruben/F-7395-2010; Enochs, Ian/B-8051-2014 OI Manzello, Derek/0000-0002-0720-3041; van Hooidonk, Ruben/0000-0002-3804-1233; Enochs, Ian/0000-0002-8867-0361 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX This research was funded by grants from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Coral Reef Conservation Program and Ocean Acidification Program. We acknowledge the assistance of T. Burton, D. Graham, and L. Olinger with the maintenance of experimental aquaria and analysis of coral growth. C. Drury helped collect and transport coral samples from the field. G. Kolodziej assisted in the validation of the 3D scanner methodology. NR 62 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 13 U2 76 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 EI 1432-0975 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD JUN PY 2014 VL 33 IS 2 BP 477 EP 485 DI 10.1007/s00338-014-1132-7 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AH6DC UT WOS:000336219900023 ER PT J AU Javor, B Dorval, E AF Javor, Barbara Dorval, Emmanis TI Geography and ontogeny influence the stable oxygen and carbon isotopes of otoliths of Pacific sardine in the California Current SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Otolith; Stable oxygen isotope; Sardine; Sardinops sagax ID WEST-COAST; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; FISH OTOLITHS; UNITED-STATES; GADUS-MORHUA; STOCK DISCRIMINATION; NORTHERN ANCHOVY; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; SAGAX ABUNDANCE AB Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax), a commercially valuable species, have a broad distribution along the North American coast that spans Canada, the United States, and Mexico. The goal of this research was to evaluate water temperature history of the fish inferred from stable oxygen isotopes in otoliths in order to differentiate and connect stocks across regions, and between juveniles and adults. Local seawater composition in the Pacific Northwest affected major north-south trends in delta O-18 composition of juvenile otoliths. Inferred temperature correlated inversely with the age (otolith weight) of juveniles within a region, possibly resulting from changes in depth preferences as the fish grew. The correlations between delta C-13 and delta O-18 in juvenile otoliths were relatively weak in the northernmost and southernmost samples, but comparisons of the sample means indicated significant differences between some regions. Otoliths from adult sardine captured between California and Canada recorded delta O-18 values reflecting cooler temperatures than otoliths from juveniles, and without regional differentiation. These results are consistent with a northern stock that mixes during annual migrations. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Javor, Barbara] Ocean Associates Inc, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. [Dorval, Emmanis] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Javor, B (reprint author), Ocean Associates Inc, 4007 Abingdon St, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. EM barbara.javor@noaa.gov; emmanis.dorval@noaa.gov NR 60 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 154 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2014.01.016 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AH4RZ UT WOS:000336117000001 ER PT J AU Ainsley, SM Ebert, DA Natanson, LJ Cailliet, GM AF Ainsley, Shaara M. Ebert, David A. Natanson, Lisa J. Cailliet, Gregor M. TI A comparison of age and growth of the Bering skate, Bathyraja interrupta (Gill and Townsend, 1897), from two Alaskan large marine ecosystems SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Age; Bering Sea; Growth; Gulf of Alaska; Skate ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; CARCHARHINUS-ACRONOTUS; DIPTURUS-CHILENSIS; RAJA-BINOCULATA; BLACKNOSE SHARK; MATURITY; RAJIDAE; VALIDATION AB The Bering skate, Bathyraja interrupta, is commonly found in both the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska, where skates are a regular bycatch in commercial long line and bottom trawl fisheries. This is the first study to examine the age and growth of B. interrupta, and one of the few studies to directly compare growth parameters of a skate species between management regions. Ages were estimated based on band counts using the standard gross-sectioning method of vertebral centra preparation. Additionally, a preliminary investigation was conducted into the utility of the histological method. Several growth models were compared and the best-fit model for both regions was identified as the logistic model using the Akaike's Information Criterion approach. No significant difference was detected between sexes for any model in either region; however, a slight but significant difference was found between regions. The parameters of the logistic growth model based on the gross-sectioned preparation were L-infinity = 82.80 cm TL and k(-1) yr = 0.23 for the eastern Bering Sea and L-infinity = 86.94 cm TL and k(-1) yr = 0.20 for the Gulf of Alaska. Age estimates from the gross sectioned vertebral centra provided a minimum longevity of 19 years and 21 years, respectively. Estimates based on the histologically prepared samples provide overall slightly higher age estimates, but the same maximum age of 21 years. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ainsley, Shaara M.; Ebert, David A.; Cailliet, Gregor M.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Pacific Shark Res Ctr, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Natanson, Lisa J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Ainsley, SM (reprint author), FISHBIO, 1617 S Yosemite Ave, Oakdale, CA 95361 USA. EM shaaraainsley@fishbio.com; debert@mlml.calstate.edu; lisa.natanson@noaa.gov; cailliet@mlml.calstate.edu FU ADFG fish resource permit [CF-06-052]; NOAA/NMFS; San Jose State University Lottery Funds; Earl and Ethel Myers Foundation Grant; David and Lucille Packard Foundation; North Pacific Research Board [461] FX We thank Jerry Berger, Lyle Britt, Eric Brown, Sarah Gaichas, Christopher Gburski, Jerry Hoff, Dan Kimura, Ned Laman, Bob Lauth, Beth Matta, Jay Orr, Frank Shaw, Jim Stark and Duane Stevenson from the National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Fisheries Science Center in Seattle; Rob Swanson (NMFS-AFSC), Lynne Mattes and Kally Spalinger (Alaska Department of Fish and Game, ADFG) in Kodiak; Ken Goldman and Mike Byerly (ADFG) in Homer; Tory O'Connell (ADFG) in Sitka for their invaluable assistance on various portions of this study. We especially thank the following individuals at the Pacific Shark Research Center at Moss Landing Marine Laboratories for assisting in the field and laboratory: Lewis Barnett, Joe Bizzarro, Mariah Boyle, Simon Brown, Chante Davis, Jasmine Maurer, Diane Haas, Ashley Neway, Heather Robinson, and Wade Smith. Animal care approval was obtained from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC #801) at San Jose State University and specimens were collected under an ADFG fish resource permit (CF-06-052). We thank the anonymous referees and James Lindholm for their insightful comments that improved the manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the North Pacific Research Board under project 510 and by NOAA/NMFS to the National Shark Research Consortium and Pacific Shark Research Center. San Jose State University Lottery Funds, Earl and Ethel Myers Foundation Grant, and the David and Lucille Packard Foundation provided additional funding support. This is North Pacific Research Board publication # 461. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 154 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2014.02.002 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AH4RZ UT WOS:000336117000003 ER PT J AU Baker, MR Vynne, CH AF Baker, M. R. Vynne, C. H. TI Cortisol profiles in sockeye salmon: Sample bias and baseline values at migration, maturation, spawning, and senescence SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pacific salmon; Sampling bias; Stress; Cortisol; Reproductive maturation ID FEMALE RAINBOW-TROUT; PLASMA-CORTISOL; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PACIFIC SALMON; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; TRUTTA-L; FISH; RESPONSES; GAIRDNERI AB Accurate and controlled methods to measure physiological stress are crucial to effectively monitor and assess the health of wildlife populations and evaluate resilience to external stressors. Glucocorticoids, particularly cortisol, are frequently used to measure stress in fish. While measurements of cortisol concentrations provide a powerful indicator of physiological stress, there are important considerations in accurately measuring and interpreting results. We assessed methods to capture and sample wild populations of salmonids and evaluated potential biases from sampling disturbance. We present results of a stress series and suggest approaches to mitigate bias associated with sampling disturbance. Studies on physiological stress in salmonids often focus on particular life stages (e.g. outward migration to marine waters, return migration to freshwater systems), or processes (e.g. fisheries interactions, spawning success), characterized by dramatic physiological challenges related to the developmental stage of the fish and the external environment. Such pressures influence baseline cortisol levels and complicate efforts to interpret the effects of additional external stressors. We present a profile for naturally occurring shifts in cortisol levels at migration, reproductive maturation, spawning, and senescence. This profile provides a crucial baseline for use as reference in evaluating physiological stress in Pacific salmon during crucial life stages. Our findings provide guidance for sampling wild salmonids and highlight the need for caution in interpreting cortisol in the context of physical challenges and physiological developments relevant to their complex life history. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Baker, M. R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Vynne, C. H.] Natl Fish & Wildlife Fdn, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Baker, MR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,NOAA Fisheries, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Matthew.Baker@noaa.gov; Carly.Vynne@NFWF.org FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation Biocomplexity Program; School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences FX We gratefully acknowledge D.E. Schindler for supporting analyses in the field and assisting with study design and implementation. We thank S. Wasser, K. Forsgren, G. Young, and P. Swanson for consultation and D. DeAvila for laboratory analysis. We also thank G. Holtgrieve, C. Ruff, L. Rogers, P. Lisi, A. Hilborn, J. Armstrong, S. Kroitz, G. Young, J. Bennis, K. Bentley, C. Boatright, J. Carter, D. Dougherty, M. Haraldsson, C. Gowell, J. Mudra, A. Paulsen, and T. Reed for assistance in collecting and processing samples. Financial support for this research was provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the National Science Foundation Biocomplexity Program, and the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 154 BP 38 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2014.01.015 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AH4RZ UT WOS:000336117000005 ER PT J AU Bryan, DR Bosley, KL Hicks, AC Haltuch, MA Wakefield, WW AF Bryan, David R. Bosley, Keith L. Hicks, Allan C. Haltuch, Melissa A. Wakefield, W. Waldo TI Quantitative video analysis of flatfish herding behavior and impact on effective area swept of a survey trawl SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Area swept; Flatfish; Herding behavior; Trawl surveys; Video-analysis ID CAPTURE EFFICIENCY; BRIDLE EFFICIENCY; GROUNDFISH; LENGTH; GEAR AB Uncertainty in fish behavior can introduce bias into density calculations from fishery-independent bottom trawl surveys that provide relative abundance estimates and population trends for stock assessments. In situ video was used to quantify flatfish behavioral responses to a bottom trawl sweep to improve the understanding of survey and assessment results. The behavior of 632 flatfishes was recorded during four tows. More than 90% of fish were observed in a perpendicular orientation away from the sweeps indicating a herding response. There was no significant effect of fish length on fish orientation or whether it reacted or remained stationary during the observation. Only 1.3% of fish were observed escaping the sweeps. A generalized linear model was used to estimate that at a distance of 73.8 cm (+/- 3.4 SE) 50% of observed fish reacted to the sweep. The mean distance that stationary fish were first observed reacting to the sweep was 36.6 cm (+/- 2.0 SE). Quantitative analysis indicates that flatfish herding occurs along trawl sweeps and the effective area swept is greater than the wing spread. Thus, the use of wing spread to calculate relative abundance estimates explains bias in stock assessment estimates of survey catchability that are greater than expected. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bryan, David R.; Hicks, Allan C.; Haltuch, Melissa A.] NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Bosley, Keith L.; Wakefield, W. Waldo] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Bryan, DR (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM dbryan@rsmas.miami.edu NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 154 BP 120 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2014.02.007 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AH4RZ UT WOS:000336117000012 ER PT J AU Ma, JF Du, Y Zhan, HG Liu, HL Wang, J AF Ma, Jinfeng Du, Yan Zhan, Haigang Liu, Hailong Wang, Jia TI Influence of oceanic Rossby waves on phytoplankton production in the southern tropical Indian Ocean SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Southern tropical Indian Ocean; Thermocline; Planetary waves; El Nino phenomena; Upwelling; Chlorophylls ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; EL-NINO; MIXED-LAYER; VARIABILITY; DEFINITION; MECHANISMS AB Using Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) ocean color data, we investigated the biological responses to oceanic Rossby waves in the southern tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) during 1997-2007. The findings indicate that, during the developing phase of El Nino/La Nina events, usually in boreal fall, and triggered by anomalous anticyclonic/cyclonic wind circulations in the southeast TIO, downwelling/upwelling Rossby waves form and then propagate westward. After a few months, downwelling/upwelling Rossby waves interface with the thermocline dome in the southern TIO, and suppress/enhance the upwelling. Correspondingly, less/more nutrient-rich waters enter the mixed layer and result in lower/higher chlorophyll concentrations. Due to the asymmetric effects on the thermocline dome between downwelling and upwelling Rossby waves, higher chlorophyll concentrations appear earlier and in the eastern part of the dome, whereas lower chlorophyll concentrations appear later and in the central part of the dome. Moreover, when El Nino/La Nina-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events coincide, the biological responses are stronger. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ma, Jinfeng; Du, Yan; Zhan, Haigang] Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog LTO, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Ma, Jinfeng; Liu, Hailong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Wang, Jia] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Du, Y (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, 164 West Xingang Rd, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM duyan@scsio.ac.cn RI Hailong, Liu/C-9566-2013; DU, Yan/C-4496-2013; OI Hailong, Liu/0000-0002-8780-0398; Wang, Jia/0000-0003-4154-9721 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB950302, 2012CB955603]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA11010103]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41176162] FX The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewer for the valuable comments and suggestions. This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (grant numbers 2010CB950302 and 2012CB955603), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant number XDA11010103), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 41176162). NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 134 BP 12 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.02.003 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AH7XR UT WOS:000336349200002 ER PT J AU Yeo, D Lin, N Simiu, E AF Yeo, DongHun Lin, Ning Simiu, Emil TI Estimation of Hurricane Wind Speed Probabilities: Application to New York City and Other Coastal Locations SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Hurricanes; New York City; New York; Wind loads; Wind speed; Coastal environment; Probability; Extreme values; Hurricanes; New York City wind; Risk consistency; Wind engineering; Wind speeds; Wind effects ID RISK AB A procedure is presented for estimating parametric probabilistic models of hurricane wind speeds from existing information on state-of-the-art estimates of wind speeds with various mean recurrence intervals (MRIs). Such models may be needed, for example, for the estimation of hurricane wind speeds with long MRIs required for the performance-based design of structures susceptible of experiencing nonlinear behavior. First, the procedure is applied to the case where that information is obtained from ASCE 7-10 wind maps, and examples are provided of its application to a number of coastal mileposts on the Gulf and Atlantic coasts. Next, the procedure is applied by using, in addition to the ASCE 7-10 information, hurricane wind speeds with 1,000,000- and 10,000,000-year MRIs estimated in a 2011 Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) report. It is then argued that ASCE 7-10 Standard basic wind speeds for New York City are not conservative with respect to their counterparts specified in the standard for other U.S. hurricane-prone locations. Finally, it is shown that, for the randomly selected cases examined here, best-fitting extreme value distributions of hurricane wind speeds typically have finite upper tails of the reverse Weibull type, rather than infinite upper tails of the Gumbel type. This result, if confirmed by additional studies, may help to change the still widely held belief that extreme wind speeds are modeled appropriately only by the Gumbel distribution. C1 [Yeo, DongHun; Simiu, Emil] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lin, Ning] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Yeo, D (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM donghun.yeo@nist.gov; nlin@princeton.edu; emil.simiu@nist.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 16 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 EI 1943-541X J9 J STRUCT ENG JI J. Struct. Eng. PD JUN 1 PY 2014 VL 140 IS 6 AR 04014017 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000892 PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA AH1KZ UT WOS:000335880700014 ER PT J AU Weiland, C Krajewski, J Opila, R Pallem, V Dussarrat, C Woicik, JC AF Weiland, C. Krajewski, J. Opila, R. Pallem, V. Dussarrat, C. Woicik, J. C. TI Nondestructive compositional depth profiling using variable-kinetic energy hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and maximum entropy regularization SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE HAXPES; compositional depth profiles; maximum entropy ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION PARAMETERS; RANGE 100-5000 EV; XPS; NITROGEN AB We discuss the calculation of nondestructive compositional depth profiles from regularization of variable kinetic energy hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (VKE-XPS) data, adapting techniques developed for angle-resolved XPS. Simulated TiO2/Si film structures are analyzed to demonstrate the applicability of regularization techniques to the VKE-XPS data and to determine the optimum choice of regularization function and the number of data points. We find that using a maximum entropy-like method, when the initial model/prior thickness is similar to the simulated film thickness, provides the best results for cases where prior knowledge of the sample exists. For the simple structures analyzed, we find that only five kinetic energy spectra are necessary to provide a good fit to the data, although in general, the number of spectra will depend on the sample structure and noisiness of the data. The maximum entropy-like algorithm is then applied to two physical films of TiO2 deposited on Si. Results suggest interfacial intermixing. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Weiland, C.; Woicik, J. C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krajewski, J.; Opila, R.] Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Pallem, V.; Dussarrat, C.] Amer Air Liquide, Delaware Res & Technol Ctr, Newark, DE 19702 USA. RP Weiland, C (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cweiland@bnl.gov RI Weiland, Conan/K-4840-2012 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0142-2421 EI 1096-9918 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 46 IS 6 BP 407 EP 417 DI 10.1002/sia.5517 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AG5IB UT WOS:000335451600007 ER PT J AU Winans, GA Baker, JD Lance, SL AF Winans, Gary A. Baker, Jon D. Lance, Stacey L. TI Twenty-five novel microsatellite markers for English sole, Parophrys vetulus SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Parophrys vetulus; Microsatellite; Illumina; Pal_finder; SSR; Population markers AB Although English sole Parophrys vetulus has been used extensively as a bioindicator of anthropogenic pollution in the US Pacific Northwest, little is known about its genetic population structure. We isolated and characterized a total of 25 microsatellite loci from 23 individuals from Whidbey Island, Washington. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 19, observed heterozygosity ranged 0.091-0.957, and the probability of identity values ranged from 0.009 to 0.157. These new loci will be used to study genetic variability within and among populations in the Salish Sea (Puget Sound and Strait of Georgia) to help monitor effects of near shore urbanization, and establish and monitor marine protected areas. C1 [Winans, Gary A.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Baker, Jon D.] Douglas Salmometr, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. [Lance, Stacey L.] Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Winans, GA (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM gary.winans@noaa.gov RI Lance, Stacey/K-9203-2013 OI Lance, Stacey/0000-0003-2686-1733 FU Department of Energy [DE-FC09-07SR22506] FX Manuscript preparation was partially supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-FC09-07SR22506 to the University of Georgia Research Foundation. Tissues were collected under permit Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife 11-289. Thanks to P. Chittaro for assistance in the field. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 EI 1877-7260 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 6 IS 2 BP 417 EP 419 DI 10.1007/s12686-013-0107-2 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA AH2OA UT WOS:000335959600043 ER PT J AU Verevkin, SP Emel'yanenko, VN Diky, V Dorofeeva, OV AF Verevkin, Sergey P. Emel'yanenko, Vladimir N. Diky, Vladimir Dorofeeva, Olga V. TI Enthalpies of formation of nitromethane and nitrobenzene: New experiments vs. quantum chemical calculations SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Combustion calorimetry; Enthalpy of formation; Enthalpy of vaporisation; Vapour pressure; G4 quantum chemical calculations ID VAPOR-PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; THERMOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; NITRO-COMPOUNDS; HEAT-CAPACITY; CYCLIC ETHERS; DEGREES-C; COMBUSTION AB Enthalpies of combustion of highly pure nitromethane and nitrobenzene have been measured with precise combustion calorimetry. Enthalpies of vaporisation for both compounds were collected and evaluated. A new, internally consistent experimental data set of Delta H-f(m)o(g) values for nitromethane and nitrobenzene was compared with the results of one of the most accurate first-principles G4 method applied to both atomization and isodesmic reactions. It was shown that the values calculated using the atomization reaction procedure are underestimated by 6.6 kJ.mol (1) for nitromethane and 9.1 kJ.mol (1) for nitrobenzene. An isodesmic reaction scheme strongly supports the internal consistency of new experimental values. A simple "corrected atomization procedure'' to derive reliable theoretical enthalpies of formation directly from the G4 atomization reaction values has been tested and recommended as the alternative to the bond separation and isodesmic reactions. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Verevkin, Sergey P.; Emel'yanenko, Vladimir N.] Univ Rostock, Dept Phys Chem, D-18059 Rostock, Germany. [Diky, Vladimir] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div 647, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dorofeeva, Olga V.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Chem, Moscow 119991, Russia. RP Verevkin, SP (reprint author), Univ Rostock, Dept Sci & Technol Life Light & Matter, Fac Interdisciplinary Res, D-18055 Rostock, Germany. EM sergey.verevkin@uni-rostock.de RI Dorofeeva, Olga/E-2427-2012 NR 53 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 EI 1096-3626 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 73 SI SI BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2013.12.013 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA AH0YO UT WOS:000335846900024 ER PT J AU Irikura, KK AF Irikura, Karl K. TI Anharmonic partition functions for polyatomic thermochemistry SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Anharmonicity; Density of states; Partition function; Quantum chemistry; Thermochemistry ID FREQUENCY SCALE FACTORS; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; SPECTROSCOPIC DATA; THORIUM FLUORIDES; HEAT-CAPACITY; BASIS-SETS; GAS-PHASE; ETHYLENE AB In quantum chemistry, the computation of anharmonic vibrational frequencies, instead of only harmonic frequencies, is now convenient and increasingly common. For thermochemistry, one ramification is that vibrational partition functions may be constructed using anharmonic manifolds. Practical issues are discussed here, and a few examples are provided. Evaluating the accuracy of the results is hindered by the lack of experimental data for ideal-gas heat capacities at high temperature. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Irikura, KK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM karl.irikura@nist.gov NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 EI 1096-3626 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 73 SI SI BP 183 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2013.12.018 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA AH0YO UT WOS:000335846900027 ER PT J AU Chirico, RD Steele, WV Kazakov, AF AF Chirico, Robert D. Steele, William V. Kazakov, Andrei F. TI Thermodynamic properties of 1-phenylnaphthalene and 2-phenylnaphthalene SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Computational chemistry; Density; Enthalpy of fusion; Heat capacity; Ideal-gas properties; 1-Phenylnaphthalene; 2-Phenylnaphthalene; Triple point temperature; Vapor pressure ID THERMODATA ENGINE TDE; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; THERMOCHEMICAL BOND ENERGIES; 3RD VIRIAL-COEFFICIENT; SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION; VAPOR-PRESSURE; MUTUAL VALIDATION; TEMPERATURE-SCALE; HEAT-CAPACITIES; AB-INITIO AB Measurements leading to the calculation of thermodynamic properties in the ideal-gas state for 1- phenylnaphthalene (Chemical Abstracts registry number [605-02-7]) and 2-phenylnaphthalene (Chemical Abstracts registry number [612-94-2]) are reported. Experimental methods for 1- phenylnaphthalene were adiabatic heat-capacity calorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, inclined-piston manometry, comparative ebulliometry, vibrating-tube densitometry, and combustion calorimetry. For 2-phenylnaphthalene, the experimental methods were adiabatic heat-capacity calorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and comparative ebulliometry. Critical properties were estimated for both compounds. Molar thermodynamic functions (enthalpies, entropies, and Gibbs free energies) for the condensed and ideal-gas states were derived from the experimental studies at selected temperatures. Statistical calculations were performed based on molecular geometry optimization and vibrational frequencies calculated at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d, p) and B3LYP/cc- pVTZ levels of theory. Ideal-gas entropies derived with two the independent methods are shown to be in good accord for 1-phenylnaphthalene, but significant differences are apparent for 2- phenylnaphthalene. These differences are likely due to a disorder of unknown type in the crystals of 2-phenylnaphthalene at low temperatures, as evidenced by the presence of a glass-like transition in the measured heat capacities for the solid state. All experimental results are compared with property values reported in the literature. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chirico, Robert D.; Kazakov, Andrei F.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Steele, William V.] Univ Tennessee, Phys Properties Res Facil, Chem & Biomol Engn Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Chirico, RD (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chirico@boulder.nist.gov FU Processing and Downstream Operations section of the Advanced Oil Recovery (AOR) program; DOE [DE-AC22-94C91008]; Office of Fossil Energy of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) FX We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Stephen E. Knipmeyer in the dsc studies, An (Andy) Nguyen in the vapor-pressure and density measurements, Aaron P. Rau and I. Alex. Hossenlopp in vapor-transfer of chemical samples in preparation for the physical property measurements, as well as Dr. Ala Bazyleva of NIST for helpful discussions with regard to the computational results reported here. We thank Professor Sergey P. Verevkin (Rostock University, Germany) for kindly providing his measurement results for the vapor pressures of 1- phenylnaphthalene in advance of publication. The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Office of Fossil Energy of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). This research was funded within the Processing and Downstream Operations section of the Advanced Oil Recovery (AOR) program. The property measurements were completed in Bartlesville, Oklahoma through BDM-Oklahoma under its contract with DOE for Management and Operations of the National Oil and Related Programs (NORP), Contract Number DE-AC22-94C91008. The article preparation and computations were carried out at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This article is, in part, a contribution of NIST, and is not subject to copyright in the United States for the authors R.D.C and A.F.K. Products or companies are named solely for descriptive clarity and this neither constitutes nor implies endorsement by NIST or by the U.S. government. NR 89 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 EI 1096-3626 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 73 SI SI BP 241 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2014.01.006 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA AH0YO UT WOS:000335846900035 ER PT J AU Eddy, D Krishnamurty, S Grosse, I Witherell, P Wileden, J Lewis, K AF Eddy, Douglas Krishnamurty, Sundar Grosse, Ian Witherell, Paul Wileden, Jack Lewis, Kemper TI An Integrated Approach to Information Modeling for the Sustainable Design of Products SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE sustainable product design; ontology; engineering design; LCA; sustainability standards ID ENGINEERING DESIGN; DECISION-MAKING; ONTOLOGIES; OPTIMIZATION; GREEN AB The design of more sustainable products can be best accomplished in a tradeoff-based design process that methodically handles conflicting objectives. Such conflicts are often seen between, environmental impact, cost, and product performance. To support such a process, this paper proposes the development of an environment where sustainability considerations are explicitly introduced early into the design process. This explicitness is provided by integrating the requirements information of sustainability standards and regulations directly into the design process. The emergence of the semantic web provides an interoperable environment in which the context and meaning of knowledge about the relationships among various domains can be shared. This work presents an ontological framework designed to represent both the objectives that pertain to sustainable design and the applicable sustainability standards and regulations. This integrated approach not only can ease the adoption of the standards and regulations during a design process but can also influence a design toward sustainability considerations. The usefulness of this model integration is demonstrated by an illustrative brake disk rotor and pads case study. The results show that both the standards and criteria may be considered at early design stages by using this methodology. Furthermore, it can be used to capture, reveal, and propagate the design intent transparently to all design participants. C1 [Eddy, Douglas; Krishnamurty, Sundar; Grosse, Ian] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Witherell, Paul] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wileden, Jack] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Comp Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Lewis, Kemper] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Buffalo, NY 14150 USA. RP Krishnamurty, S (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM dceddy@engin.umass.edu; skrishna@ecs.umass.edu; grosse@ecs.umass.edu; paul.witherell@nist.gov; jack@cs.umass.edu; kelewis@buffalo.edu RI Lewis, Kemper/I-1828-2012 OI Lewis, Kemper/0000-0001-9592-9135 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [0332508] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. 0332508 and by industry members of the NSF Center for e-Design. No approval or endorsement of any commercial product by NIST is intended or implied. Certain commercial software may be identified in this report to facilitate better understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendations or endorsement by NIST nor does it imply the software identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 17 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1530-9827 EI 1944-7078 J9 J COMPUT INF SCI ENG JI J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 14 IS 2 AR 021011 DI 10.1115/1.4027375 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA AH2LB UT WOS:000335951700011 ER PT J AU Ward, EJ Holmes, EE Thorson, JT Collen, B AF Ward, Eric J. Holmes, Eli E. Thorson, James T. Collen, Ben TI Complexity is costly: a meta-analysis of parametric and non-parametric methods for short-term population forecasting SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID ECOLOGICAL TIME-SERIES; LIVING PLANET INDEX; STATE-SPACE MODELS; EXTINCTION PARAMETERS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; SOCKEYE-SALMON; DYNAMICS; ABUNDANCE; TRENDS; ERROR AB Short-term forecasts based on time series of counts or survey data are widely used in population biology to provide advice concerning the management, harvest and conservation of natural populations. A common approach to produce these forecasts uses time-series models, of different types, fit to time series of counts. Similar time-series models are used in many other disciplines, however relative to the data available in these other disciplines, population data are often unusually short and noisy and models that perform well for data from other disciplines may not be appropriate for population data. In order to study the performance of time-series forecasting models for natural animal population data, we assembled 2379 time series of vertebrate population indices from actual surveys. Our data were comprised of three vastly different types: highly variable (marine fish productivity), strongly cyclic (adult salmon counts), and small variance but long-memory (bird and mammal counts). We tested the predictive performance of 49 different forecasting models grouped into three broad classes: autoregressive time-series models, non-linear regression-type models and non-parametric time-series models. Low-dimensional parametric autoregressive models gave the most accurate forecasts across a wide range of taxa; the most accurate model was one that simply treated the most recent observation as the forecast. More complex parametric and non-parametric models performed worse, except when applied to highly cyclic species. Across taxa, certain life history characteristics were correlated with lower forecast error; specifically, we found that better forecasts were correlated with attributes of slow growing species: large maximum age and size for fishes and high trophic level for birds. Synthesis Evaluating the data support for multiple plausible models has been an integral focus of many ecological analyses. However, the most commonly used tools to quantify support have weighted models' hindcasting and forecasting abilities. For many applications, predicting the past may be of little interest. Concentrating only on the future predictive performance of time series models, we performed a forecasting competition among many different kinds of statistical models, applying each to many different kinds of vertebrate time series of population abundance. Low-dimensional (simple) models performed well overall, but more complex models did slightly better when applied to time series of cyclic species (e.g. salmon). C1 [Ward, Eric J.; Holmes, Eli E.; Thorson, James T.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Collen, Ben] UCL, Ctr Biodivers & Environm Res, Dept Genet Evolut & Environm, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Ward, EJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM eric.ward@noaa.gov RI Thorson, James/O-7937-2014; Collen, Ben/F-2543-2016 OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010; Collen, Ben/0000-0003-2564-4243 FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (Santa Barbara, CA, USA) FX We are extremely grateful for all of the hard work by the many researchers who assembled, checked, or continue to maintain the databases used in our analysis. We also thank the individuals that have created and shared R libraries and packages for time series analysis with the scientific community on CRAN, as well as Ethan Deyle, Hao Ye, and Sarah Glaser for help in implementing and testing S-Maps and Simplex. The RAM Legacy database has dozens of contributors, including (but not limited to) Julia Baum, Olaf Jensen, Coilin Minto, Ram Myers, and Kate Stanton. The RSPB bird census data was provided by Richard Gregory (The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds). The North American BBS data was provided by John Sauer (USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center). The bird metadata used in this study were provided by BirdLife International and were assembled as part of the Red-Flags and Extinction Risk' Working Group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (Santa Barbara, CA, USA). We thank especially Red-Flag members Stuart Butchart, Marta Nammack, Resit Akcakaya and David Keith who provided and assembled time series and biological covariate metadata. We thank Randall Peterman and John Froeschke for providing helpful reviews of an early draft of the manuscript. NR 50 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 64 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0030-1299 EI 1600-0706 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD JUN PY 2014 VL 123 IS 6 BP 652 EP 661 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2014.00916.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AG9EE UT WOS:000335721400002 ER PT J AU Jackson, D Allen, D Perfecto, I Vandermeer, J AF Jackson, Doug Allen, David Perfecto, Ivette Vandermeer, John TI Self-organization of background habitat determines the nature of population spatial structure SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES; TROPICAL AGROECOSYSTEM; AGROECOLOGICAL MATRIX; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; PATTERNS; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEMS; ECOLOGY; MODEL AB A substantial literature treats the dynamics of populations in response to spatial patterning of underlying habitats, the most common formulations being source/sink populations and metapopulations living in a patchwork of habitats. A separate and growing literature on the self-organization of spatial pattern focuses on how local interactions give rise to regional patterns that can be described with scale-free distributions. Motivated by the potential ubiquity of the coupling of these processes (spatial self organization and the dynamics of organisms in spatially structured habitats), we link these two lines of thought into a theory of populations in fragmented habitats. Using a combined analytical and computational approach, we show that self organization can generate a background into which an independent population fits, and that the scale-free nature of such habitat creates conditions that influence both the persistence versus extinction properties of the embedded population and where it lies on the continuum between source/sink populations and metapopulations. Both the analytical framework and the computer simulations demonstrate the potential for populations to persist on either end of the metapopulation-source/sink continuum while failing to persist under intermediate conditions. These results provide a new perspective on ecological theory related to habitat fragmentation and population persistence, suggesting that under some conditions intermediate states between these two extremes may maximize risk of extinction of the population. These implications could be of particular importance for managing self-organized systems of conservation concern. C1 [Jackson, Doug] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Allen, David] Middlebury Coll, Dept Biol, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. [Perfecto, Ivette; Vandermeer, John] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Vandermeer, John] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Jackson, D (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM dougjack@dougjackson.net FU Graham Environmental Sustainability Institute Doctoral Fellowship; National Science Foundation FX We wish to thank Walter Peters for permission to work on his farm, Finca Irlanda, in southern Chiapas, Mexico. Gustavo Lopez and Braulio Chilel conducted the surveys in May 2010. Computational resources were provided by the Center for the Study of Complex Systems, University of Michigan. This work was supported by a Graham Environmental Sustainability Institute Doctoral Fellowship to DJ and a National Science Foundation grant to JV and IP. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0030-1299 EI 1600-0706 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD JUN PY 2014 VL 123 IS 6 BP 751 EP 761 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00827.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AG9EE UT WOS:000335721400012 ER PT J AU Raman, A Arellano, AF Brost, JJ AF Raman, Aishwarya Arellano, Avelino F., Jr. Brost, John J. TI Revisiting haboobs in the southwestern United States: An observational case study of the 5 July 2011 Phoenix dust storm SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Southwest US; Storm outflow; Haboob; Air quality; Extreme event ID CENTRAL ARIZONA; DESERT DUST; TRANSPORT; AEROSOLS; CLIMATE; WSR-88D; MONSOON; SYSTEM; IMPACT; LIDAR AB Convectively-driven dust storms (or haboobs) are common phenomena in the southwestern United States. However, studies about haboobs in this region are limited. Here, we investigate the state and fate of a massive haboob that hit Phoenix, Arizona on 5 July 2011 using satellite, radar, and ground-based observations. This haboob was a result of strong outflow boundaries (with peak wind gusts of 29 m s(-1)) from storms that were initiated in the southeast of Tucson. In particular, we find three major outflow systems (based on radar data) that were generated by forward propagating storms, ultimately merging near Phoenix. This resulted in peak hourly PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations of 1974 mu g m(-3) and 907 mu g m(-3) at US EPA stations near Phoenix. The high PM concentration is consistent in space and time with the dust wall movement based on our analysis of radar data on hydrometeor classification. Enhanced aerosol loadings over metropolitan Phoenix were also observed on 6 July from NASA Terra/Aqua MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals (AOD > 0.8). We infer from CALIOP vertical feature masks and HYSPLIT back trajectories that remnants of the haboob were transported to northwest of Phoenix on 6 July at 2-4 km above ground level. Ratios of PM2.5 to PM10 from IMPROVE stations also imply low-level transport to the east of Phoenix on 8 July. Finally, we find that this haboob, which had local and regional impacts, is atypical of other dust events in this region. We note from this analysis that extreme events such as this haboob require an integrated air quality observing system to provide a more comprehensive assessment of these events. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Raman, Aishwarya; Arellano, Avelino F., Jr.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Brost, John J.] Natl Weather Serv, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Arellano, AF (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM arellano@atmo.arizona.edu OI Arellano, Avelino/0000-0002-2615-5831 FU AFWA [NNX07AL57G]; NASA [NNX10AH45G] FX This work was partially supported by the AFWA grant NNX07AL57G and NASA grant NNX10AH45G. The authors would like to thank the NVVS/Tucson for insightful discussions on the meteorology of haboobs and radar data, MODIS, IMPROVE, EPA-AQS, PDEQ CALIPSO, HYSPLIT teams for providing data. We also acknowledge constructive comments from A. Sorooshian, C. Castro, and E. Betterton (ATMO, University of Arizona). NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 89 BP 179 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.02.026 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH1IT UT WOS:000335874500020 ER PT J AU Ou-Yang, CF Lin, NH Lin, CC Wang, SH Sheu, GR Lee, CT Schnell, RC Lang, PM Kawasato, T Wang, JL AF Ou-Yang, Chang-Feng Lin, Neng-Huei Lin, Chia-Ching Wang, Sheng-Hsiang Sheu, Guey-Rong Lee, Chung-Te Schnell, Russell C. Lang, Patricia M. Kawasato, Taro Wang, Jia-Lin TI Characteristics of atmospheric carbon monoxide at a high-mountain background station in East Asia SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE CO; Lulin atmospheric background station (LABS); Biomass burning; Background values ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; SURFACE OZONE; HONG-KONG; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; EQUATORIAL AFRICA; REFERENCE SCALE; PACIFIC; CHINA AB Atmospheric CO were monitored at the Lulin Atmospheric Background Station (LABS) with an elevation of 2862 m AMSL from April 2006 to April 2011 by the in-situ non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) spectrometer and weekly flask sample collections via collaboration with NOAA/ESRL/GMD. In general very coherent results were observed between the two datasets, despite a slight difference between the two. A distinct seasonal pattern of CO was noticed at the LABS with a springtime maximum and a summertime minimum, which was predominately shaped by the long-range transport of biomass burning air masses from Southeast Asia and oceanic influences from the Pacific, respectively. Diurnal cycles were also observed at the LABS, with a maximum in late afternoon and a minimum in early morning. The daytime CO maximum was most likely caused by the up-slope transport of lower elevation air. After filtering out the possibly polluted data points from the entire dataset with a mathematic procedure, the mean background CO level at the LABS was assessed as 1293 +/- 46.6 ppb, compared to 149.0 +/- 72.2 ppb prior to the filtering. The cluster analysis of the backward trajectories revealed six possible source regions, which shows that air masses originating from the Westerly Wind Zone were dominated in spring and winter resulting in higher CO concentrations. As a contrast, the oceanic influences from the Pacific were found mostly in summer, contributing a lower seasonal CO concentration throughout a year. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ou-Yang, Chang-Feng; Wang, Jia-Lin] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Chem, Chungli 320, Taiwan. [Ou-Yang, Chang-Feng; Lin, Neng-Huei; Lin, Chia-Ching; Wang, Sheng-Hsiang; Sheu, Guey-Rong] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Chungli 320, Taiwan. [Lee, Chung-Te] Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Environm Engn, Chungli 320, Taiwan. [Schnell, Russell C.; Lang, Patricia M.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Kawasato, Taro] Japan Meteorol Agcy, GHG Monitoring Sect, Div Atmospher Environm, Global Environm & Marine Dept, Tokyo, Japan. RP Lin, NH (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Chungli 320, Taiwan. EM nhlin@cc.ncu.edu.tw; nhlin@cc.ncu.edu.tw RI Wang, Sheng-Hsiang/F-4532-2010; Ou-Yang, Chang-Feng/R-2271-2016 OI Wang, Sheng-Hsiang/0000-0001-9675-3135; Ou-Yang, Chang-Feng/0000-0002-8477-3013 FU Japan Meteorological Agency; Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration [EPA-96-U1L1-02-101, EPA-97-U1L1-02-101, EPA-98-U1L1-02-101, EPA-99-U1L1-02-101, EPA-100-U1L1-02-101]; Taiwan National Science Council [NSC95-2111-M-008-025-AP5, NSC96-2745-M-008-005, N5C97-2745-M-008-010, NSC98-2745-M-008-001, NSC99-2111-M-008-011, NSC100-2111-M-008-011] FX The CO data at Ryori and Yonagunijima provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency are gratefully acknowledged, as well as the cooperation and efforts of the contributors and supporting staff at NOAA/ESRL/GMD. We also thank Dr. Yu-Chi Lin, from Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, for providing the VUV-RF data measured at LABS in 2008. This work was financially supported by the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration under contracts: EPA-96-U1L1-02-101, EPA-97-U1L1-02-101, EPA-98-U1L1-02-101, EPA-99-U1L1-02-101, EPA-100-U1L1-02-101, and by Taiwan National Science Council under contracts: NSC95-2111-M-008-025-AP5, NSC96-2745-M-008-005, N5C97-2745-M-008-010, NSC98-2745-M-008-001, NSC99-2111-M-008-011, and NSC100-2111-M-008-011. The authors thank the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and/or READY website (http://ready.arl.noaa.gov) used in this publication. NR 71 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 89 BP 613 EP 622 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.02.060 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH1IT UT WOS:000335874500063 ER PT J AU Daugomah, JW Key, PB West, JB Shea, NR McDaniel, S Pennington, PL Fulton, MH AF Daugomah, James W. Key, P. B. West, J. B. Shea, N. R. McDaniel, S. Pennington, P. L. Fulton, M. H. TI Relationship between land use classification and grass shrimp Palaemonetes spp. population metrics in coastal watersheds SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Grass shrimp; Coastal development; Estuary ID MARSH; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS; URBAN; PUGIO AB Estuaries in the southeastern USA have experienced increased loading of contaminants from nonpoint source runoff as well as changes in habitat (e.g., loss of wetlands) due to urbanization. These changes may pose significant risks to estuarine fauna, including crustaceans. Several studies have shown relationships between land use classification and levels of stress in estuarine populations. The grass shrimp of the genus Palaemonetes is one of the dominant species found in estuarine tidal creeks, accounting for more than 50 % of all macropelagic fauna. Grass shrimp populations were sampled monthly for 3 years at six estuarine creeks on Kiawah Island, SC. Creek watersheds were estimated using National Aerial Photograph Program color infrared and low-altitude true color aerial photography combined with in situ differentially corrected global positioning system mapping of engineered features. Land classifications delineated included water, marsh, buildings, roads, and lawns. Pairwise comparisons for grass shrimp densities among sites showed significant differences on an annual and seasonal basis. Significant relationships (p < 0.05) between land class variables and grass shrimp density were identified both annually and seasonally. These findings suggest an influence of land use on Palaemonetes spp. populations. C1 [Daugomah, James W.; Key, P. B.; Pennington, P. L.; Fulton, M. H.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Shea, N. R.] Kiawah Isl Community Assoc, Lakes Management Dept, Kiawah Isl, SC 29455 USA. [West, J. B.; McDaniel, S.] JHT Inc, Contractor NOAA, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Daugomah, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM james.daugomah@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 186 IS 6 BP 3445 EP 3453 DI 10.1007/s10661-014-3629-5 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AG1DZ UT WOS:000335156600010 PM 24464399 ER PT J AU Adams, AJ Horodysky, AZ McBride, RS Guindon, K Shenker, J MacDonald, TC Harwell, HD Ward, R Carpenter, K AF Adams, Aaron J. Horodysky, Andrij Z. McBride, Richard S. Guindon, Kathryn Shenker, Jonathan MacDonald, Timothy C. Harwell, Heather D. Ward, Rocky Carpenter, Kent TI Global conservation status and research needs for tarpons (Megalopidae), ladyfishes (Elopidae) and bonefishes (Albulidae) SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE habitat degradation; Albuliformes; Elopiformes; overfishing; fisheries conservation; habitat loss ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SEA-LEVEL RISE; CARIBBEAN CORAL-REEF; LOWER COLORADO RIVER; ELOPS-LACERTA VAL; FRESH-WATER FLOW; RED LIST INDEXES; PACIFIC TARPON; FLORIDA-KEYS; RECREATIONAL FISHERY AB We assessed the taxonomic diversity, geographic distributions, life history, ecology and fisheries of tarpons, ladyfishes and bonefishes (members of the subdivision Elopomorpha), which share many life history and habitat use characteristics that make them vulnerable to environmental and anthropogenic stresses in coastal environments. This assessment of Red List status for the International Union for the Conservation of Nature reveals three species considered near threatened or vulnerable, three species of least concern, and 11 data-deficient species. Although the taxonomy of tarpons appears stable, it is less so for ladyfishes and bonefishes. In aggregate, these species are distributed circumtropically and foray into temperate zones. Although they spawn in marine habitats, larvae of many species disperse into estuarine habitats, which are declining in area or degrading in quality. Several species support high-value recreational fisheries, or culturally important small-scale commercial and artisanal fisheries. Nonetheless, no formal stock assessment exists for any species, so improved data collection, information sharing and assessment techniques should facilitate socio-economic development of individual fisheries. Catch-and-release recreational fisheries that promote conservation of tarpon and bonefishes in some regions are promising models to improve the conservation status of these fishes elsewhere, as well as the economic development of these fishing communities. Most tarpons, ladyfishes and bonefishes likely face significant challenges from anthropogenically mediated habitat loss and alteration, and several are vulnerable to both habitat degradation and overfishing. Broader protection and enhancements to fisheries habitat in all regions will benefit these as well as many other coastal fishery species. C1 [Adams, Aaron J.] Bonefish & Tarpon Trust, St James City, FL 33956 USA. [Adams, Aaron J.] Mote Marine Lab, Charlotte Harbor Field Stn, St James City, FL 33956 USA. [Horodysky, Andrij Z.] Hampton Univ, Dept Marine & Environm Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [McBride, Richard S.] Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Guindon, Kathryn] Florida Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Shenker, Jonathan] Florida Inst Technol, Coll Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [MacDonald, Timothy C.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Harwell, Heather D.; Carpenter, Kent] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, IUCN Species Programme, Marine Biodivers Unit, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Ward, Rocky] West Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Earth & Environm Sci, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. RP Adams, AJ (reprint author), Bonefish & Tarpon Trust, POB 529, St James City, FL 33956 USA. EM aadams@mote.org RI McBride, Richard/C-2818-2012 FU Thomas W. Haas Foundation; New Hampshire Charitable Foundation; Conservation International; Moore Family Foundation FX This manuscript resulted from a workshop held at the Perry Institute for Marine Science on Lee Stocking Island, in Exuma, Bahamas to synthesize existing species-specific data for tarpons, ladyfishes and bonefishes using IUCN Red List Assessment criteria. We thank the Thomas W. Haas Foundation, the New Hampshire Charitable Foundation and Conservation International for their generous support of the IUCN Red List and the Global Marine Species Assessment. Funding for the workshop was provided by the Moore Family Foundation. Roger McManus, IUCN Species Survival Commission Special Marine Counsel, has provided valuable advice and support for the Global Marine Species Assessment and for this work in particular. We thank B. Mundy and L. Wallace for providing information and review that contributed to this manuscript and comments from two anonymous reviewers that improved this manuscript. NR 219 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-2960 EI 1467-2979 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 15 IS 2 BP 280 EP 311 DI 10.1111/faf.12017 PG 32 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AF4JV UT WOS:000334679000007 ER PT J AU Liu, Z Howard-Reed, C Cox, SS Ye, W Little, JC AF Liu, Z. Howard-Reed, C. Cox, S. S. Ye, W. Little, J. C. TI Diffusion-controlled reference material for VOC emissions testing: effect of temperature and humidity SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE Indoor; Desorption; Model; Sorption; Validation; Chamber ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; BUILDING-MATERIALS; FORMALDEHYDE EMISSION; CHAMBER TESTS; IMPACT; AIR; POLLUTANTS; PARAMETERS; POLLUTION AB A polymethylpentene film loaded with toluene is being developed as a reference material to support the reliable measurement of volatile organic compound emissions from building materials using environmental chambers. Earlier studies included the measurement of the material-phase diffusion coefficient (D) and material/airpartition coefficient (K) at 23 degrees C. A fundamental mass-transfer model can then be used to predict toluene emissions from the reference material at 23 degrees C, serving as a reference for validating chamber-measured emission profiles. In this study, the effect of temperature and humidity on performance of the reference material was investigated. Reference material emissions were measured at 10, 23, and 30 degrees C and at different relative humidity (RH) levels. D and K at different temperatures and RH were determined using an independent method. Results showed that RH does not significantly affect D and K and had no effect on emissions. However, emissions increased substantially at elevated temperatures due to the relationship between D and temperature. A statistical analysis shows good agreement between model-predicted and measured gas-phase concentrations, indicating that the model can accurately predict emission profiles as a function of temperature. The reference material can therefore be applied to a wide range of emission chamber testing conditions. C1 [Liu, Z.; Cox, S. S.; Ye, W.] Virginia Tech, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Howard-Reed, C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Little, J. C.] Univ Sydney, Sch Civil Engn, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Little, JC (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Civil Engn, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM john.little@sydney.edu.au RI Little, John/B-4154-2009; Ye, Wei/N-5306-2014 OI Ye, Wei/0000-0002-1074-2169 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [60NANB9D9154] FX Financial support for the contributions of the authors from Virginia Tech was provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (Award Number: 60NANB9D9154). NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0905-6947 EI 1600-0668 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD JUN PY 2014 VL 24 IS 3 BP 283 EP 291 DI 10.1111/ina.12076 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AF9AW UT WOS:000335008300007 PM 24134062 ER PT J AU Wirth, JR Peden-Adams, MM White, ND Bossart, GD Fair, PA AF Wirth, Jena R. Peden-Adams, Margie M. White, Natasha D. Bossart, Gregory D. Fair, Patricia A. TI In vitro PFOS exposure on immune endpoints in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and mice SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dolphins; lymphocytes; perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS); natural killer (NK) cell activity; mouse splenocytes; immunology; proliferation; in vitro; Tursiops truncatus ID FEMALE B6C3F1 MICE; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; PARALLELOGRAM APPROACH; RISK-ASSESSMENT; BELUGA WHALE; IMMUNOLOGICAL RESISTANCE; PERFLUOROALKYL COMPOUNDS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; INDUCED RESPONSES AB Previous studies in our lab have shown that perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) modulates immune function in mice and correlates with many immune parameters in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). In this study, bottlenose dolphin peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and adult female B6C3F1 mouse splenocytes were exposed to environmentally relevant PFOS concentrations (0-5 mu g ml(-1)) in vitro; and natural killer (NK) cell activity and lymphocyte proliferation (T and B cell) were assessed using the parallelogram approach for risk assessment. The objectives were: to corroborate results from the correlative studies in bottlenose dolphins with in vitro PFOS exposures; to evaluate the sensitivity of the mouse model as compared with bottlenose dolphins; and to assess risk using the parallelogram approach. In mouse cells, NK cell activity was decreased at in vitro doses of 0.01, 0.5, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mu g PFOS ml(-1) and increased at 5 mu g ml(-1). Additionally, B cell proliferation was not altered, but T cell proliferation was decreased at all in vitro PFOS exposures. In dolphin cells, NK cell activity and T cell proliferation were not altered by in vitro PFOS exposure, but B cell proliferation exhibited a positive association in relation to PFOS dose. Overall, the data indicates that: the in vitro exposures of bottlenose dolphin PBLs exhibited results similar to reported correlative fields studies; that mice were generally more sensitive (for these selected endpoints) than were dolphins; and that the parallelogram approach could be used two-thirds of the time to predict the effects in bottlenose dolphins. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Wirth, Jena R.] Coll Charleston, Grad Program Marine Biol, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Peden-Adams, Margie M.] Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr Environm Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [White, Natasha D.; Fair, Patricia A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. RP Wirth, JR (reprint author), MUSC, Div Rheumatol & Immunol, 425 Gazes Res Bldg,POB MSC 637, Charleston, SC 29403 USA. EM Wirthj@musc.edu OI Wirth, Jena/0000-0001-6094-8336 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-1-0436]; National Marine Mammal Foundation FX The authors would like to thank the US Navy Marine Mammal Program and Drs Dorian Houser and Cory Champagne of the National Marine Mammal Foundation for providing samples. Samples were collected in conjunction with a collaborative Office of Naval Research-funded study (Award #N00014-11-1-0436) with the National Marine Mammal Foundation. We would also like to thank Ms Lynda Leppert, and the entire veterinary care and husbandry staff from Georgia Aquarium and Marineland Dolphin Adventure for providing samples. We express gratitude to Dr Gary Gilkeson and Ms Jackie EuDaly from MUSC and the Ralph Johnson VA Medical Center for their assistance on themouse study. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0260-437X EI 1099-1263 J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 34 IS 6 BP 658 EP 666 DI 10.1002/jat.2891 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AF8GZ UT WOS:000334955100008 PM 23722986 ER PT J AU Zabotin, NA Godin, OA Sava, PC Zabotina, LY AF Zabotin, Nikolay A. Godin, Oleg A. Sava, Paul C. Zabotina, Liudmila Y. TI Tracing Three-Dimensional Acoustic Wavefronts in Inhomogeneous, Moving Media SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL ACOUSTICS LA English DT Article DE Wavefronts; timefronts; wavefront tracing; moving media; inhomogeneous media; geometrical acoustics; underwater acoustics; infrasound ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE CALCULATION; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; TRAVEL-TIME; SOUND-PROPAGATION; LEVEL SET; PULSE-PROPAGATION; INTERNAL WAVES; SHALLOW-WATER; RAY DYNAMICS; RANGE AB We present a numerical implementation of an alternative formulation of the geometrical, or ray, acoustics, where wavefronts rather than rays are the primary objects. Rays are recovered as a by-product of wavefront tracing. The alternative formulation of the geometrical acoustics is motivated, first, by the observation that wavefronts are often more stable than rays at long-range sound propagation, and, second, by a need for computationally efficient modeling of high-frequency acoustic fields in three-dimensionally inhomogeneous, moving or motionless fluids. Wavefronts are found as a finite-difference solution to a system of partial differential equations, which is equivalent to the eikonal equation and is a direct implementation of the intuitive Huygens' wavefront construction. The finite-difference algorithm is an extension of the approach originally developed in the framework of an open source Madagascar project. Benchmark problems, which admit exact, analytic solutions of the eikonal equation, are formulated and utilized to verify the finite-difference wavefront tracing algorithm. Huygens' wavefront tracing (HWT) is applied to modeling sound propagation in three-dimensionally inhomogeneous ocean and atmosphere. C1 [Zabotin, Nikolay A.; Zabotina, Liudmila Y.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Energy & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zabotin, Nikolay A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Godin, Oleg A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Godin, Oleg A.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sava, Paul C.] Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Wave Phenomena, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zabotin, NA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Energy & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Nikolay.Zabotin@Colorado.edu; Oleg.Godin@noaa.gov; psava@mines.edu; Liudmila.Zabotina@Colorado.edu RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011; Zabotin, Nikolay/A-9639-2015 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149; Zabotin, Nikolay/0000-0003-0715-1082 FU Ocean Acoustics Program of the U.S. Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-1-0048]; National Science Foundation [CNS-0821794]; University of Colorado Boulder FX We are grateful to M. Charnotskii for helpful discussions. This research was supported by the Ocean Acoustics Program of the U.S. Office of Naval Research through grant No. N00014-11-1-0048. This work utilized the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (award number CNS-0821794) and the University of Colorado Boulder. The Janus supercomputer is a joint effort of the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Janus is operated by the University of Colorado Boulder. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-396X EI 1793-6489 J9 J COMPUT ACOUST JI J. Comput. Acoust. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 22 IS 2 AR 1450002 DI 10.1142/S0218396X14500027 PG 23 WC Acoustics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Acoustics; Mathematics GA AF7UJ UT WOS:000334920000002 ER PT J AU Cziczo, DJ Froyd, KD AF Cziczo, Daniel J. Froyd, Karl D. TI Sampling the composition of cirrus ice residuals SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Clouds and Precipitation CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2012 CL Leipzig, GERMANY SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, IAMAS, World Meteorol Org, German Sci Fdn DE Cirrus clouds; Ice nuclei; Aerosol particles; Climate ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; COUNTERFLOW VIRTUAL IMPACTOR; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE LAYER; OROGRAPHIC WAVE CLOUDS; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; MINERAL DUST; HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEATION; SUBVISIBLE CIRRUS; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; ORGANIC AEROSOLS AB Cirrus are high altitude clouds composed of ice crystals. They are the first tropospheric clouds that can scatter incoming solar radiation and the last which can trap outgoing terrestrial heat. Considering their extensive global coverage, estimated at between 25 and 33% of the Earth's surface, cirrus exert a measurable climate forcing. The global radiative influence depends on a number of properties including their altitude, ice crystal size and number density, and vertical extent. These properties in turn depend on the ability of upper tropospheric aerosol particles to initiate ice formation. Because aerosol populations, and therefore cirrus formation mechanisms, may change due to human activities, the sign of cirrus forcing (a net warming or cooling) due to anthropogenic effects is not universally agreed upon although most modeling studies suggest a positive effect. Cirrus also play a major role in the water cycle in the tropopause region, affecting not only redistribution in the troposphere but also the abundance of vapor entering the stratosphere. Both the current lack of understanding of cirrus properties and the need to improve our ability to project changes due to human activities in the future highlight the critical need to determine the aerosol particles on which cirrus form. This review addresses what is currently known about the abundance, size and composition of cirrus-forming particles. We review aircraft-based field studies which have either collected cirrus ice residuals for off-line analysis or determined their size, composition and other properties in situ by capturing ice crystals and sublimating/removing the condensed phase water. This review is predominantly restricted to cirrus clouds. Limited comparisons are made to other ice-containing (e.g., mixed-phase) cloud types. The findings of recent reviews on laboratory measurements that mimic upper tropospheric cirrus formation are briefly summarized. The limitations of the current state of the art in cirrus ice residual studies are outlined. Important ancillary measurements and how they are integrated with ice residual data are also presented. Concluding statements focus on the need for specific instrumentation and future studies. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cziczo, Daniel J.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Froyd, Karl D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Froyd, Karl D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cziczo, DJ (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM djcziczo@mit.edu RI Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 83 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JUN 1 PY 2014 VL 142 SI SI BP 15 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.06.012 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE6WA UT WOS:000334137500003 ER PT J AU Hicks, BB Pendergrass, WR Vogel, CA Keener, RN Leyton, SM AF Hicks, B. B. Pendergrass, W. R., III Vogel, C. A. Keener, R. N., Jr. Leyton, S. M. TI On the Micrometeorology of the Southern Great Plains 1: Legacy Relationships Revisited SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dimensional analysis; Fluxes; Normalization; Sunrise; Thermal stability; Vertical gradients ID FLUX-GRADIENT RELATIONSHIPS; SELF-CORRELATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PROFILE; HEAT AB Data from a 32-m tower located near Ocotillo, Texas (N; W), provide an opportunity to examine the relevance of standard micrometeorological flux-gradient formulations to observations made in an area characteristic of a large portion of the central USA, within the Southern Great Plains. Comparison with data obtained at a greater height (80 m) reveals that the velocity distributions change substantially between the lower set of observations and the upper, with the former being constrained at the low wind-speed end. In the early morning, sensible heat-flux divergence correlates well with the measured rate of change of temperature with time within the surface layer of air sampled by the tower, but this association disappears when the depth of the mixed layer extends beyond the reach of the tower. As in the case of all previous examinations of flux-gradient relationships, the overall dependence of the dimensionless wind and temperature gradients and on stability is characterized by considerable scatter, with the familiar relationships best describing the average. For conditions of stable stratification, there is indeed the expected close proximity of and , however, describing either or in terms of the classical stability index (where is the height above the zero plane and L is the Obukhov length scale of turbulence) then appears questionable because the dependence of on the measured sensible heat flux is not always single-valued, especially near the surface. For unstable stratification, support is found for the conclusions of early workers that free convection initiates at about , and that the general behaviour is then compatible with the concept of a moving air mass from which momentum is continuously extracted, embedded within freely convective cells. It is concluded that legacy descriptions of the relationships between fluxes and gradients apply to averages that might occur rarely, that a dominant factor is likely the chaotic nature of the processes that control the variables considered in these relationships, and that the net consequence of the original randomness is that the levels of predictability theoretically attainable might never be realized in practice. C1 [Hicks, B. B.] MetCorps, Norris, TN 37828 USA. [Pendergrass, W. R., III; Vogel, C. A.] NOAA ARL ATDD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Vogel, C. A.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Keener, R. N., Jr.; Leyton, S. M.] Duke Energy, Charlotte, NC 28202 USA. RP Hicks, BB (reprint author), MetCorps, POB 1510, Norris, TN 37828 USA. EM hicks.metcorps@gmail.com RI Pendergrass, William/C-9073-2016 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 EI 1573-1472 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 151 IS 3 BP 389 EP 405 DI 10.1007/s10546-013-9902-2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AF0ZC UT WOS:000334442900001 ER PT J AU Quraishi, Q Diddams, SA Hollberg, L AF Quraishi, Qudsia Diddams, Scott A. Hollberg, Leo TI Optical phase-noise dynamics of Titanium:sapphire optical frequency combs SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Ultrafast; Phase noise; Optical reference; Frequency comb equation ID METROLOGY; TERAHERTZ; OFFSET; LINK; ION AB Stabilized optical frequency combs (OFC) can have remarkable levels of coherence across their broad spectral bandwidth. We study the scaling of the optical noise across hundreds of nanometers of optical spectra. We measure the residual phase noise between two OFC's (having offset frequencies f(0)((1)) and f(0)((2)) referenced to a common cavity-stabilized narrow linewidth CW laser. Their relative offset frequency Delta f(0) = f(0)((2))-f(0)((1)), which appears across their entire spectra, provides a convenient measure of the phase noise. By comparing Delta f(0) at different spectral regions, we demonstrate that the observed scaling of the residual phase noise is in very good agreement with the noise predicted from the standard frequency comb equation. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Quraishi, Qudsia] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Diddams, Scott A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hollberg, Leo] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Quraishi, Q (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM qudsia.quraishi@gmail.com NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 EI 1873-0310 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD JUN 1 PY 2014 VL 320 BP 84 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2014.01.030 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA AE2GM UT WOS:000333791300015 ER PT J AU Chang, TJ Cao, CY AF Chang, Tiejun Cao, Changyong TI Modeling Infrared Radiometer Self-Emission With Application to MetOp/HIRS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS); MetOp; radiometric calibration; self-emission ID CALIBRATION; HIRS; ALGORITHM; CHANNELS; NOAA-16; BIASES AB This paper presents a generic self-emission model for infrared (IR) radiometers where the relationship between the instrument self-emission and calibration intercept is analyzed. This model is applied to both the prelaunch and on-orbit MetOp/High-Resolution IR Radiation Sounder (HIRS) calibration data. For MetOp/HIRS, the changes in intercept due to self-emission variations between calibration events are up to 1% of the onboard blackbody calibration radiance. The impact is dependent on Earth scene brightness temperature and channel wavelength. The investigation shows that the intercept variation due to self-emission is significant and, if not corrected, can induce errors of up to 1 K for Earth scenes with 285 K brightness temperature and higher for Earth scenes with lower brightness temperatures. Based on this self-emission model, an improved in-flight calibration algorithm is proposed to reduce systematic calibration errors. We believe that this model can improve accuracy and consistency of level 1b radiance for climate studies and can be applied to other IR radiometers. C1 [Chang, Tiejun] ERT Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Cao, Changyong] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Chang, TJ (reprint author), ERT Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. EM tiejun.chang@noaa.gov; changyong.cao@noaa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2014 VL 52 IS 6 BP 3141 EP 3149 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2270953 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AC4QB UT WOS:000332504700009 ER PT J AU He, T Liang, SL Wang, DD Shuai, YM Yu, YY AF He, Tao Liang, Shunlin Wang, Dongdong Shuai, Yanmin Yu, Yunyue TI Fusion of Satellite Land Surface Albedo Products Across Scales Using a Multiresolution Tree Method in the North Central United States SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Albedo; data fusion; Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM plus ); Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR); multiresolution tree (MRT); Thematic Mapper (TM) ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; BROAD-BAND ALBEDO; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; MODIS; REFLECTANCE; MODEL; VALIDATION; PREDICTION; RETRIEVAL; ALGORITHM AB Land surface albedo is a key factor in climate change and land surface modeling studies, which affects the surface radiation budget. Many satellite albedo products have been generated during the last several decades. However, due to the problems resulting from the sensor characteristics (spectral bands, spatial and temporal resolutions, etc.) and/or the retrieving procedures, surface albedo estimations from different satellite sensors are inconsistent and often contain gaps, which limit their applications. Many approaches have been developed to generate the complete albedo data set; however, most of them suffer from either the persistent systematic bias of relying on only one data set or the problem of subpixel heterogeneity. In this paper, a data fusion method is prototyped using multiresolution tree (MRT) models to develop spatially and temporally continuous albedo maps from different satellite albedo/reflectance data sets. Data from the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Landsat Thematic Mapper/Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus are used as examples, at a study area in the north central United States mostly covered by crop, grass, and forest, from June to September 2005. Results show that the MRT data fusion method is capable of integrating the three satellite data sets at different spatial resolutions to fill the gaps and to reduce the inconsistencies between different products. The validation results indicate that the uncertainties of the three satellite products have been reduced significantly through the data fusion procedure. Further efforts are needed to evaluate and improve the current algorithm over other locations, time periods, and land cover types. C1 [He, Tao; Liang, Shunlin; Wang, Dongdong] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liang, Shunlin] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Shuai, Yanmin] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Shuai, Yanmin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yu, Yunyue] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP He, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010; Wang, Dongdong/M-1969-2014; liang, shunlin/C-2809-2015; He, Tao/H-5130-2012 OI Wang, Dongdong/0000-0002-2076-576X; He, Tao/0000-0003-2079-7988 FU Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17EC1483] FX Manuscript received July 19, 2012; revised March 5, 2013 and May 17, 2013; accepted July 7, 2013. This work was supported by the Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, under Grant NA17EC1483. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 41 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2014 VL 52 IS 6 BP 3428 EP 3439 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2272935 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AC4QB UT WOS:000332504700034 ER PT J AU Antony, T Raju, CS Mathew, N Saha, K Moorthy, KK AF Antony, Tinu Raju, C. Suresh Mathew, Nizy Saha, Korak Moorthy, K. Krishna TI A Detailed Study of Land Surface Microwave Emissivity Over the Indian Subcontinent SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Indian subcontinent; land surface emissivity; Megha-Tropiques; microwave radiometry; Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) ID SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE; SIGNATURES; OXYGEN AB Microwave emissivities of land surfaces on global basis have been derived using Special Sensor Microwave/Imager brightness temperature data. These derived emissivities are compared with other reported emissivity values to demonstrate the accuracy of the retrievals. Following these results, detailed analyses on the microwave emissivities of the Indian subcontinent are carried out using the monthly mean emissivity estimate for two years. The Indian subcontinent has a wide variety of geographic and biospheric classes with distinctly different emissivity characteristics. The spectral and monthly variations of microwave emissivity for different tropical land surface classes are examined. This study is significant for microwave radiance assimilation in weather forecast models and also for the utilization of the data from passive microwave sensors onboard the Indo-French satellite "Megha-Tropiques," which is dedicated to tropical atmospheric studies. C1 [Antony, Tinu; Raju, C. Suresh; Mathew, Nizy; Moorthy, K. Krishna] Indian Space Res Org, Space Phys Lab, Vikram Sarabhai Space Ctr, Thiruvananthapuram 695022, Kerala, India. [Saha, Korak] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Antony, T (reprint author), Indian Space Res Org, Space Phys Lab, Vikram Sarabhai Space Ctr, Thiruvananthapuram 695022, Kerala, India. EM c_sureshraju@vssc.gov.in RI Saha, Korak/B-9174-2011; OI Saha, Korak/0000-0002-8433-6294; Moorthy, K. Krishna/0000-0002-7234-3868 FU Indian Space Research Organisation Research Fellowship for the Ph.D. program FX Manuscript received January 17, 2012; revised January 25, 2013, May 22, 2013, and July 11, 2013; accepted July 12, 2013. The work of T. Antony was supported by an Indian Space Research Organisation Research Fellowship for the Ph.D. program. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2014 VL 52 IS 6 BP 3604 EP 3612 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2274010 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AC4QB UT WOS:000332504700048 ER PT J AU Mansfield, E Oreskovic, TL Rentz, NS Jeerage, KM AF Mansfield, Elisabeth Oreskovic, Tammy L. Rentz, Nikki S. Jeerage, Kavita M. TI Three-dimensional hydrogel constructs for exposing cells to nanoparticles SO NANOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cell culture; in vitro assay; nanoparticles; tissue scaffold ID IN-VITRO TOXICITY; QUANTUM DOTS; NEURITE OUTGROWTH; PC12 CELLS; GROWTH; VIVO; DIFFERENTIATION; DELIVERY; MATRICES; CULTURE AB In evaluating nanoparticle risks to human health, there is often a disconnect between results obtained from in vitro toxicology studies and those from in vivo activity, prompting the need for improved methods to rapidly assess the hazards of engineered nanomaterials. In vitro studies of nanoparticle toxicology often rely on high doses and short exposure periods due to the difficulty of maintaining monolayer cell cultures over extended time periods as well as the difficulty of maintaining nanoparticle dispersions within the culture environment. In this work, tissue-engineered constructs are investigated as a platform for providing doses of nanoparticles over different exposure periods to cells within a three-dimensional environment that can be tuned to mimic in vivo conditions. Uptake of quantum dots (QDs) by model neural cells was first investigated in a high-dose exposure scenario, resulting in a strong concentration-dependent uptake of carboxyl-functionalised QDs. Poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel scaffolds with varying mesh sizes were then investigated for their ability to support cell survival and proliferation. Cells were co-encapsulated with carboxyl-functionalised poly(ethylene glycol)-coated QDs at a lower dose than is typical for monolayer cultures. Although the QDs leach from the hydrogel within 24 h, they are also incorporated by cells within the scaffold, enabling the use of these constructs in future studies of cell behaviour and function. C1 [Mansfield, Elisabeth; Oreskovic, Tammy L.; Rentz, Nikki S.; Jeerage, Kavita M.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Mansfield, E (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM elisabeth.mansfield@nist.gov FU National Research Council FX E. Mansfield was supported by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship while this work was conducted. The authors appreciate the assistance of Dr. Roy Geiss with TEM measurements, Dr. Jessica Burger with viscosity measurements and Dr. Stephanie Hume with swelling measurements. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 68 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1743-5390 EI 1743-5404 J9 NANOTOXICOLOGY JI Nanotoxicology PD JUN PY 2014 VL 8 IS 4 BP 394 EP 403 DI 10.3109/17435390.2013.790998 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA 267VP UT WOS:000328126700005 PM 23611448 ER PT J AU Hong, T Schmidt, KP Coester, K Awwadi, FF Turnbull, MM Qiu, Y Rodriguez-Rivera, JA Zhu, M Ke, X Aoyama, CP Takano, Y Cao, HB Tian, W Ma, J Custelcean, R Zhou, HD Matsuda, M AF Hong, Tao Schmidt, K. P. Coester, K. Awwadi, F. F. Turnbull, M. M. Qiu, Y. Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A. Zhu, M. Ke, X. Aoyama, C. P. Takano, Y. Cao, Huibo Tian, W. Ma, J. Custelcean, R. Zhou, H. D. Matsuda, M. TI Magnetic ordering induced by interladder coupling in the spin-1/2 Heisenberg two-leg ladder antiferromagnet C9H18N2CuBr4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LACUO2.5; FIELD AB We present specific-heat and neutron-scattering results for the S = 1/2 quantum antiferromagnet (dimethylammonium)(3,5-dimethylpyridinium)CuBr4. The material orders magnetically at T-N = 1.99(2) K, and magnetic excitations are accompanied by an energy gap of 0.30(2) meV due to spin anisotropy. The system is best described as coupled two-leg spin-1/2 ladders with the leg exchange J(leg) = 0.60(2) meV, rung exchange J(rung) = 0.64(9) meV, interladder exchange J(int) = 0.19(2) meV, and an interaction-anisotropy parameter lambda = 0.93(2), according to inelastic neutron-scattering measurements. In contrast to most spin ladders reported to date, the material is a rare example in which the interladder coupling is very near the critical value required to drive the system to a Neel-ordered phase without the assistance of a magnetic field. C1 [Hong, Tao; Cao, Huibo; Tian, W.; Ma, J.; Matsuda, M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Schmidt, K. P.; Coester, K.] Tech Univ Dortmund, Lehrstuhl Theoret Phys I, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Awwadi, F. F.] Univ Jordan, Dept Chem, Amman 11942, Jordan. [Turnbull, M. M.] Clark Univ, Carlson Sch Chem, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Qiu, Y.; Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Y.; Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhu, M.; Ke, X.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Aoyama, C. P.; Takano, Y.] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Custelcean, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhou, H. D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Hong, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hongt@ornl.gov RI Hong, Tao/F-8166-2010; Schmidt, Kai /C-7286-2009; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/A-4872-2013; Tian, Wei/C-8604-2013; Ma, Jie/C-1637-2013; Cao, Huibo/A-6835-2016; Matsuda, Masaaki/A-6902-2016; Custelcean, Radu/C-1037-2009; Awwadi, Firas/E-1638-2015; Zhou, Haidong/O-4373-2016 OI Hong, Tao/0000-0002-0161-8588; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/0000-0002-8633-8314; Tian, Wei/0000-0001-7735-3187; Cao, Huibo/0000-0002-5970-4980; Matsuda, Masaaki/0000-0003-2209-9526; Custelcean, Radu/0000-0002-0727-7972; Awwadi, Firas/0000-0001-9440-6906; FU Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Science, US Department of Energy (DOE); NSF [DMR-9986442, DMR-0086210, DMR-0454672, DMR-0654118]; State of Florida; DOE; Michigan State University; NHMFL UCGP program; JDRD program of the University of Tennessee FX T.H. thanks D. A. Tennant for a helpful discussion. We thank J.-H. Park and G. E. Jones for help with cryogenics. The work at the HFIR, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, was sponsored by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Science, US Department of Energy (DOE). The work at NIST utilized facilities supported by the NSF under Agreements No. DMR-9986442, No. DMR-0086210, and No. DMR-0454672. The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), in which the specific-heat measurements were made, is supported by NSF Cooperative Agreement No. DMR-0654118, by the State of Florida, and by the DOE. XK acknowledges support from Michigan State University, CPA and YT acknowledge support by the NHMFL UCGP program, and HDZ acknowledges support from the JDRD program of the University of Tennessee. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 30 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 17 AR 174432 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.174432 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AJ9NT UT WOS:000338039400002 ER PT J AU Hafezi, M AF Hafezi, Mohammad TI Measuring Topological Invariants in Photonic Systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTIZED HALL CONDUCTANCE; OPTICAL WAVE-GUIDES; EDGE STATES; MICRORING RESONATORS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; NEUTRAL ATOMS; INSULATORS; PHASE; DELAY; CHIP AB Motivated by the recent theoretical and experimental progress in implementing topological orders with photons, we analyze photonic systems with different topologies and present a scheme to probe their topological features. Specifically, we propose a scheme to modify the boundary phases to manipulate edge state dynamics. Such a scheme allows one to measure the winding number of the edge states. Furthermore, we discuss the effect of loss and disorder on the validity of our approach. C1 Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hafezi, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Hafezi, Mohammad/A-1197-2008 OI Hafezi, Mohammad/0000-0003-1679-4880 FU ARO MURI award [W911NF0910406]; NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute FX We thank Y. Hatsugai, P. Zoller, I. Carusotto, N. Goldman, B. Halperin, J. Taylor, O. Zilberberg, and M. Devoret for fruitful discussions and G. Bryant and J. Peters for their critical reading of the manuscript. This research was supported by the ARO MURI award W911NF0910406, and the NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. NR 48 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 29 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 21 AR 210405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.210405 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AI4NT UT WOS:000336842800003 ER PT J AU Chua, YS Pei, QJ Ju, XH Zhou, W Udovic, TJ Wu, GT Xiong, ZT Chen, P Wu, H AF Chua, Yong Shen Pei, Qijun Ju, Xiaohua Zhou, Wei Udovic, Terrence J. Wu, Guotao Xiong, Zhitao Chen, Ping Wu, Hui TI Alkali Metal Hydride Modification on Hydrazine Borane for Improved Dehydrogenation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-STORAGE MATERIAL; AMMONIA-BORANE; AMIDOBORANES; LITHIUM AB Hydrazidotrihydridoborates of various alkali metals, i.e., NaN2H3BH3 and KN2H3BH3, were synthesized successfully via a liquid approach. The crystal structures of NaN2H3BH3 and KN2H3BH3 were determined, and their dehydrogenation properties were compared with LiN2H3BH3 and N2H4BH3. A clear correlation between sizes of metal cations in hydrazidotrihydridoborates and their corresponding melting and dehydrogenation temperatures was observed. The dehydrogenation temperature was found dependent on the melting temperature. Upon approaching the melting points, alkali metal hydrazidotrihydridoborates dehydrogenate rapidly in the first step, giving rise to the formation of intermediates that possess N2BH2, N2BH, and NBH3 species. Further increasing temperature leads to the release of additional H-2 and the formation of N2BH species. Compared to pristine N2H4BH3, the alkali-metal-substituted hydrazidotrihydridoborates demonstrate significantly improved dehydrogenation behavior with no N2H4 emission and greatly suppressed NH3 release. C1 [Chua, Yong Shen; Ju, Xiaohua; Wu, Guotao; Xiong, Zhitao; Chen, Ping] Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Dalian Natl Lab Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China. [Chua, Yong Shen; Zhou, Wei; Udovic, Terrence J.; Wu, Hui] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20898 USA. [Pei, Qijun] Sichuan Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Wei; Wu, Hui] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chua, YS (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Dalian Natl Lab Clean Energy, 457 Zhongshan Rd, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China. EM cys@dicp.ac.cn; pchen@dicp.ac.cn; huiwu@nist.gov RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Chua, Yong Shen/J-3551-2016 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; FU 973 Project [2010CB631304]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [51225206, U1232120, 10979051, 21273229, 51301161]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; DOE-EERE [DE-EE0002978] FX The authors acknowledge the financial support from 973 (2010CB631304) Project and National Natural Science Foundation of China (51225206, U1232120, 10979051, 21273229, 51301161). Y.S.C. thanks NIST for supporting his one-year visit as a postdoctoral guest researcher. Y.S.C. also acknowledges China Postdoctoral Science Foundation for the project funding. This work was supported in part by DOE-EERE under Grant DE-EE0002978. The authors thank BL14B1 of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) for providing the beam time. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAY 29 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 21 BP 11244 EP 11251 DI 10.1021/jp502144u PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AI3OL UT WOS:000336771700009 ER PT J AU Steane, AM Imreh, G Home, JP Leibfried, D AF Steane, A. M. Imreh, G. Home, J. P. Leibfried, D. TI Pulsed force sequences for fast phase-insensitive quantum gates in trapped ions SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ion trap; quantum gate; quantum computing; fast gate; pulse sequence; fault tolerant ID DETERMINISTIC ENTANGLEMENT; COMPUTATION AB We show how to create quantum gates of arbitrary speed between trapped ions using a laser walking wave, with complete insensitivity to the drift of the optical phase, and requiring cooling only to the Lamb-Dicke regime. We present pulse sequences that satisfy the requirements and are easy to produce in the laboratory. C1 [Steane, A. M.; Imreh, G.; Home, J. P.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Leibfried, D.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Steane, AM (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. OI Home, Jonathan/0000-0002-4093-1550 FU National Security Agency (NSA); Disruptive Technology Office (DTO) [W911NF-05-1-0297]; EPSRC (QIP IRC); Royal Society FX We thank D M Lucas, D J Szwer and C Ballance for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the National Security Agency (NSA) and Disruptive Technology Office (DTO) (W911NF-05-1-0297), EPSRC (QIP IRC) and the Royal Society. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD MAY 28 PY 2014 VL 16 AR 053049 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/16/5/053049 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AL2FM UT WOS:000338941300001 ER PT J AU Wilson, RJ Guzewich, SD AF Wilson, R. John Guzewich, Scott D. TI Influence of water ice clouds on nighttime tropical temperature structure as seen by the Mars Climate Sounder SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Mars; atmosphere; clouds; tides ID ATMOSPHERE AB An analysis of nighttime temperature and water ice cloud extinction profiles from the Mars Climate Sounder aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter provides evidence for the close relationship between tropical temperature structure and water ice clouds. The tropical temperature structure that evolves over the spring and summer seasons is closely coupled to the waxing and waning of tropical cloud activity. The presence of strong elevated nighttime temperature inversions in the Tharsis region is a robust feature of the equatorial atmosphere during the L-s=0-135 degrees season, with little interannual variation seen in the three Mars years examined. Mars global circulation model simulations imply that cloud radiative forcing plays a dominant role in the seasonal modulation of the observed longitude distribution of warm and cold anomalies in surface and low-altitude air temperatures, respectively. C1 [Wilson, R. John] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Guzewich, Scott D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wilson, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM John.Wilson@noaa.gov OI Guzewich, Scott/0000-0003-1149-7385 FU NASA FX The MCS temperature and clouds data are archived in the Planetary Data System. MGCM results are available from the authors upon request. This work was supported by grants from the NASA Planetary Atmospheres and Mars Data Analysis programs. Guzewich was supported by a NASA Postdoctoral Fellowship. We thank Ehouarn Millour and Francois Forget for access to data from the version 5 LMD Mars Climate Database. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 10 BP 3375 EP 3381 DI 10.1002/2014GL060086 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AJ4AC UT WOS:000337610200008 ER PT J AU Balaguru, K Taraphdar, S Leung, LR Foltz, GR AF Balaguru, Karthik Taraphdar, Sourav Leung, L. Ruby Foltz, Gregory R. TI Increase in the intensity of postmonsoon Bay of Bengal tropical cyclones SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclones; Bay of Bengal; postmonsoon; ocean heat content; moist static energy ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTHERN INDIAN-OCEAN; DATA ASSIMILATION; VARIABILITY; FREQUENCY; CLIMATE; DIPOLE; SST AB The postmonsoon (October-November) tropical cyclone (TC) season in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) has spawned many of the deadliest storms in recorded history. Here it is shown that the intensity of major TCs (wind speed > 49m s-1) in the postmonsoon BoB increased during 1981-2010. It is found that changes in environmental parameters are responsible for the observed increases in TC intensity. Increases in sea surface temperature and upper ocean heat content made the ocean more conducive to TC intensification, while enhanced convective instability made the atmosphere more favorable for the growth of TCs. The largest changes in the atmosphere and ocean occurred in the eastern BoB, where nearly all major TCs form. These changes are part of positive linear trends, suggesting that the intensity of postmonsoon BoB TCs may continue to increase in the future. C1 [Balaguru, Karthik; Taraphdar, Sourav; Leung, L. Ruby] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Foltz, Gregory R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Balaguru, K (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Karthik.Balaguru@pnnl.gov RI Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011 OI Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Regional and Global Climate Modeling program; DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This research was supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Regional and Global Climate Modeling program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 10 BP 3594 EP 3601 DI 10.1002/2014GL060197 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AJ4AC UT WOS:000337610200037 ER PT J AU Fairall, CW Pezoa, S Moran, K Wolfe, D AF Fairall, C. W. Pezoa, S. Moran, K. Wolfe, D. TI An observation of sea-spray microphysics by airborne Doppler radar SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Sea spray; Airborne radar; Hurricane fluxes; microphysics ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; CLOUD RADAR; HEAT-FLUX; WIND; IMPACT; OCEAN; BACKSCATTERING; PARAMETERS; DYNAMICS AB This paper describes observations and analysis of Doppler radar data from a down-looking 94GHz (W-Band) system operated from a NOAA WP-3 Orion research aircraft in Tropical Storm (TS) Karen. The flight took place on 5 October 2013; Karen had weakened with maximum winds around 20ms-1. Doppler spectral moments from the radar were processed to retrieve sea-spray microphysical properties (drop size and liquid water mass concentration) profiles in the height range 75-300m above the sea surface. In the high wind speed regions of TS Karen (U10>15ms-1), sea spray was observed with a nominal mass-mode radius of about 40 mu m, a radar-weighted gravitational fall velocity of about 1ms-1, and a mass concentration of about 10-3gm-3 at 75m. Spray-drop mass concentration declined with height to values of about 10-4gm-3 at 300m. Drop mass decreased slightly more slowly with increasing height than predicted by surface-layer similarity theory for a balance of turbulent diffusion vs fall velocity. C1 [Fairall, C. W.; Pezoa, S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Moran, K.; Wolfe, D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Fairall, CW (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Chris.fairall@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 10 BP 3658 EP 3665 DI 10.1002/2014GL060062 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AJ4AC UT WOS:000337610200046 ER PT J AU Alves, LMS de Lima, BS dos Santos, CAM Rebello, A Masunaga, SH Neumeier, JJ Leao, JB AF Alves, L. M. S. de Lima, B. S. dos Santos, C. A. M. Rebello, A. Masunaga, S. H. Neumeier, J. J. Leao, J. B. TI Phase transitions in K-doped MoO2 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; VO2; TEMPERATURE; REFINEMENT; DIOXIDES; PEIERLS; OXIDES; NBO2 AB K0.05MoO2 has been studied by x-ray and neutron diffractometry, electrical resistivity, magnetization, heat capacity, and thermal expansion measurements. The compound displays two phase transitions, a first-order phase transition near room temperature and a second-order transition near 54 K. Below the transition at 54 K, a weak magnetic anomaly is observed and the electrical resistivity is well described by a power-law temperature dependence with exponent near 0.5. The phase transitions in the K-doped MoO2 compound have been discussed for the first time using neutron diffraction, high resolution thermal expansion, and heat capacity measurements as a function of temperature. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Alves, L. M. S.; de Lima, B. S.; dos Santos, C. A. M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Engn Lorena, Dept Mat Engn, BR-12602810 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Rebello, A.; Masunaga, S. H.; Neumeier, J. J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Leao, J. B.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Alves, LMS (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Engn Lorena, Dept Mat Engn, BR-12602810 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM leandro_fisico@hotmail.com RI Masunaga, Sueli/J-4522-2014; dos Santos, Carlos/C-1619-2012 OI Masunaga, Sueli/0000-0002-3796-8029; FU CNPq [142016/2013-6, 308162/2013-7]; FAPESP [2009/54001-2, 2010/06637-2] FX This material is based upon work supported by the CNPq (Nos. 142016/2013-6 and 308162/2013-7) and FAPESP (Nos. 2009/54001-2 and 2010/06637-2). We also acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 43 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 28 PY 2014 VL 115 IS 20 AR 204912 DI 10.1063/1.4879096 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AI8FG UT WOS:000337143500112 ER PT J AU Betancourt, BAP Douglas, JF Starr, FW AF Betancourt, Beatriz A. Pazmino Douglas, Jack F. Starr, Francis W. TI String model for the dynamics of glass-forming liquids SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPATIALLY HETEROGENEOUS DYNAMICS; LENNARD-JONES LIQUID; LATTICE MODEL; CONFIGURATIONAL ENTROPY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; LIVING POLYMERIZATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; MOLECULAR MOBILITY; COOPERATIVE MOTION AB We test the applicability of a living polymerization theory to describe cooperative string-like particle rearrangement clusters (strings) observed in simulations of a coarse-grained polymer melt. The theory quantitatively describes the interrelation between the average string length L, configurational entropy S-conf, and the order parameter for string assembly Phi without free parameters. Combining this theory with the Adam-Gibbs model allows us to predict the relaxation time tau in a lower temperature T range than accessible by current simulations. In particular, the combined theories suggest a return to Arrhenius behavior near T-g and a low T residual entropy, thus avoiding a Kauzmann "entropy crisis." (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Betancourt, Beatriz A. Pazmino; Starr, Francis W.] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Betancourt, Beatriz A. Pazmino; Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Betancourt, BAP (reprint author), Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. EM fstarr@wesleyan.edu RI Starr, Francis/C-7703-2012 NR 93 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 35 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 28 PY 2014 VL 140 IS 20 AR 204509 DI 10.1063/1.4878502 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AI4KA UT WOS:000336832900046 ER PT J AU Zhang, CL Harriger, LW Yin, ZP Lv, WC Wang, MY Tan, GT Song, Y Abernathy, DL Tian, W Egami, T Haule, K Kotliar, G Dai, PC AF Zhang, Chenglin Harriger, Leland W. Yin, Zhiping Lv, Weicheng Wang, Miaoyin Tan, Guotai Song, Yu Abernathy, D. L. Tian, Wei Egami, Takeshi Haule, Kristjan Kotliar, Gabriel Dai, Pengcheng TI Effect of Pnictogen Height on Spin Waves in Iron Pnictides SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CHALCOGENIDES; EXCITATIONS; MAGNETISM AB We use inelastic neutron scattering to study spin waves in the antiferromagnetic ordered phase of iron pnictide NaFeAs throughout the Brillouin zone. Comparing with the well-studied AFe(2)As(2) (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) family, spin waves in NaFeAs have considerably lower zone boundary energies and more isotropic effective in-plane magnetic exchange couplings. These results are consistent with calculations from a combined density functional theory and dynamical mean field theory and provide strong evidence that pnictogen height controls the strength of electron-electron correlations and consequently the effective bandwidth of magnetic excitations. C1 [Zhang, Chenglin; Song, Yu; Dai, Pengcheng] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Zhang, Chenglin; Lv, Weicheng; Wang, Miaoyin; Tan, Guotai; Egami, Takeshi] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Harriger, Leland W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yin, Zhiping; Haule, Kristjan; Kotliar, Gabriel] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Abernathy, D. L.; Tian, Wei; Egami, Takeshi] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Egami, Takeshi] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Zhang, CL (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM pdai@rice.edu RI Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Abernathy, Douglas/A-3038-2012; BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012; Tian, Wei/C-8604-2013; OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Abernathy, Douglas/0000-0002-3533-003X; Tian, Wei/0000-0001-7735-3187; Song, Yu/0000-0002-3460-393X FU U.S. DOE, BES [DE-FG02-05ER46202]; U.S. DOE BES through the EPSCoR Grant [DE-FG02-08ER46528]; DOE BES [DE-FG02-99ER45761]; NSF-DMR [0746395]; NSF [DMR-1308603, DMR-1104386]; Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. DOE, BES FX The single crystal growth and neutron scattering work at Rice, UTK was supported by the U.S. DOE, BES, through Contract No. DE-FG02-05ER46202 (P. D.). C. L. Z. and T. E. are partially supported by the U.S. DOE BES through the EPSCoR Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46528. The DFT + DMFT computations were made possible by an Oak Ridge leadership computing facility director discretion allocation to Rutgers. The work at Rutgers is supported by DOE BES Grant No. DE-FG02-99ER45761 (Z. P. Y. and G. K.) and NSF-DMR 0746395 (K. H.). The work at Rice is also supported by NSF DMR-1308603 (P. D.). W. C. L is supported by NSF DMR-1104386. The work at SNS and HFIR was partially supported by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. DOE, BES. C. L. Zhang, L. W. Harriger, and Z. P. Yin made equal contributions to this work. NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 39 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 21 AR 217202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.217202 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AI3MH UT WOS:000336765200007 ER PT J AU Zabow, G Dodd, SJ Koretsky, AP AF Zabow, Gary Dodd, Stephen J. Koretsky, Alan P. TI Ellipsoidal Microcavities: Electromagnetic Properties, Fabrication, and Use as Multispectral MRI Agents SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE ellipsoidal colloids; magnetic microparticles; MRI contrast agents; nanofabrication ID PARTICLES; FIELD C1 [Zabow, Gary; Dodd, Stephen J.; Koretsky, Alan P.] NINDS, Lab Funct & Mol Imaging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Zabow, Gary] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zabow, G (reprint author), NINDS, Lab Funct & Mol Imaging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM zabowg@ninds.nih.gov RI Koretsky, Alan/C-7940-2015 OI Koretsky, Alan/0000-0002-8085-4756 FU NIH NINDS Intramural Research Program FX This work was supported in part by the NIH NINDS Intramural Research Program. We thank the NIH Mouse Imaging Facility for use of the 14T MRI, and Dr. John Moreland for useful discussion and for NIST cleanroom access. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 EI 1613-6829 J9 SMALL JI Small PD MAY 28 PY 2014 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1902 EP 1907 DI 10.1002/smll.201303045 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AI1KX UT WOS:000336611000003 PM 24623519 ER PT J AU Zhou, ZL Calabrese, DR Taylor, W Finlay, JA Callow, ME Callow, JA Fischer, D Kramer, EJ Ober, CK AF Zhou, Zhaoli Calabrese, David R. Taylor, Warren Finlay, John A. Callow, Maureen E. Callow, James A. Fischer, Daniel Kramer, Edward J. Ober, Christopher K. TI Amphiphilic triblock copolymers with PEGylated hydrocarbon structures as environmentally friendly marine antifouling and fouling-release coatings SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE surface structure; alga; hydrocarbon/PEG surfactants; marine antifouling/fouling release coatings; amphiphilic polymer ID GREEN-ALGA ULVA; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; BLOCK-COPOLYMER; SIDE-CHAINS; ADHESION STRENGTH; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); ATTACHMENT STRENGTH; SURFACE-COMPOSITION; ENTEROMORPHA-LINZA; BACTERIAL BIOFILMS AB The ideal marine antifouling (AF)/fouling-release (FR) coating should be non-toxic, while effectively either resisting the attachment of marine organisms (AF) or significantly reducing their strength of attachment (FR). Many recent studies have shown that amphiphilic polymeric materials provide a promising solution to producing such coatings due to their surface dual functionality. In this work, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of different molecular weights (M-w = 350, 550) was coupled to a saturated difunctional alkyl alcohol to generate amphiphilic surfactants (PEG-hydrocarbon-OH). The resulting macromolecules were then used as side chains to covalently modify a pre-synthesized PS8 (K)-b-P(E/B)(25) (K)-b-PI10 (K) (SEBI or K3) triblock copolymer, and the final polymers were applied to glass substrata through an established multilayer surface coating technique to prepare fouling resistant coatings. The coated surfaces were characterized with AFM, XPS and NEXAFS, and evaluated in laboratory assays with two important fouling algae, Ulva linza (a green macroalga) and Navicula incerta, a biofilm-forming diatom. The results suggest that these polymer-coated surfaces undergo surface reconstruction upon changing the contact medium (polymer/air vs polymer/water), due to the preferential interfacial aggregation of the PEG segment on the surface in water. The amphiphilic polymer-coated surfaces showed promising results as both AF and FR coatings. The sample with longer PEG chain lengths (M-w = 550 g mol(-1)) exhibited excellent properties against both algae, highlighting the importance of the chemical structures on ultimate biological performance. Besides reporting synthesis and characterization of this new type of amphiphilic surface material, this work also provides insight into the nature of PEG/hydrocarbon amphiphilic coatings, and this understanding may help in the design of future generations of fluorine-free, environmentally friendly AF/FR polymeric coatings. C1 [Zhou, Zhaoli; Calabrese, David R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Taylor, Warren; Kramer, Edward J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kramer, Edward J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Finlay, John A.; Callow, Maureen E.; Callow, James A.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Fischer, Daniel] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ober, Christopher K.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Calabrese, DR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM drc228@cornell.edu FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-08-1-0010, N00014-11-10330, N00014-02-1-0170] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through award N00014-08-1-0010 (JAC and MEC), N00014-11-10330 (Kramer) and N00014-02-1-0170 (CKO). NR 63 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 95 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 EI 1029-2454 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PD MAY 28 PY 2014 VL 30 IS 5 BP 589 EP 604 DI 10.1080/08927014.2014.897335 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AH0ZR UT WOS:000335849800007 PM 24730510 ER PT J AU Dulvy, NK Pardo, SA Simpfendorfer, CA Carlson, JK AF Dulvy, Nicholas K. Pardo, Sebastian A. Simpfendorfer, Colin A. Carlson, John K. TI Diagnosing the dangerous demography of manta rays using life history theory SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE CITES; Data-poor fisheries; Life history invariant; Wildlife trade; Euler-Lotka; Population growth rate; Accounting for uncertainty; Von Bertalanffy growth function; Ocean ivory; Chinese medicine ID EXTINCTION RISK; MARINE FISHES; GROWTH; CONSERVATION; ECOLOGY; SHARKS; REPRODUCTION; UNCERTAINTY; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL AB Background. The directed harvest and global trade in the gill plates of mantas, and devil rays, has led to increased fishing pressure and steep population declines in some locations. The slow life history, particularly of the manta rays, is cited as a key reason why such species have little capacity to withstand directed fisheries. Here, we place their life history and demography within the context of other sharks and rays. Methods. Despite the limited availability of data, we use life history theory and comparative analysis to estimate the intrinsic risk of extinction (as indexed by the maximum intrinsic rate of population increase r(max)) for a typical generic manta ray using a variant of the classic Euler-Lotka demographic model. This model requires only three traits to calculate the maximum intrinsic population growth rate r(max): von Bertalanffy growth rate, annual pup production and age at maturity. To account for the uncertainty in life history parameters, we created plausible parameter ranges and propagate these uncertainties through the model to calculate a distribution of the plausible range of rmax values. Results. The maximum population growth rate rmax of manta ray is most sensitive to the length of the reproductive cycle, and the median rmax of 0.116 year(-1) 95th percentile [0.089-0.139] is one of the lowest known of the 106 sharks and rays for which we have comparable demographic information. Discussion. In common with other unprotected, unmanaged, high-value largebodied sharks and rays the combination of very low population growth rates of manta rays, combined with the high value of their gill rakers and the international nature of trade, is highly likely to lead to rapid depletion and potential local extinction unless a rapid conservation management response occurs worldwide. Furthermore, we show that it is possible to derive important insights into the demography extinction risk of data-poor species using well-established life history theory. C1 [Dulvy, Nicholas K.; Pardo, Sebastian A.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Earth Ocean Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Simpfendorfer, Colin A.] James Cook Univ, Ctr Sustainable Trop Fisheries & Aquaculture, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Simpfendorfer, Colin A.] James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Carlson, John K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL USA. RP Dulvy, NK (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Earth Ocean Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM dulvy@sfu.ca RI Simpfendorfer, Colin/G-9681-2011; CSTFA, ResearcherID/P-1067-2014; OI Simpfendorfer, Colin/0000-0002-0295-2238; Pardo, Sebastian A./0000-0002-4147-5796; Dulvy, Nicholas/0000-0002-4295-9725 FU Natural Science and Engineering Research Council, Canada; Canada Research Chairs program; Save Our Seas Foundation [235]; US State Department FX We thank the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council, Canada (NKD, SAP), the Canada Research Chairs program (NKD), Save Our Seas Foundation project #235 (NKD) and the US State Department contribution to IUCN (NKD) for funding. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Opinions expressed herein are of the authors only and do not imply endorsement by any agency or institution associated with the authors. NR 73 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 33 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD MAY 27 PY 2014 VL 2 AR e400 DI 10.7717/peerj.400 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AY5JL UT WOS:000347608300003 PM 24918029 ER PT J AU Shaw, TA Perlwitz, J Weiner, O AF Shaw, Tiffany A. Perlwitz, Judith Weiner, Ori TI Troposphere-stratosphere coupling: Links to North Atlantic weather and climate, including their representation in CMIP5 models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LOW-TOP VERSIONS; HEMISPHERE WINTER; LIFE-CYCLE; WAVE; CIRCULATION; VARIABILITY; CONFIGURATION; SIMULATIONS; ATMOSPHERE; REGIMES AB A new dynamical metric of troposphere-stratosphere coupling is established based on extreme stratospheric planetary-scale wave heat flux events, defined as the 10th and 90th percentiles of the daily high-latitude averaged heat flux distribution at 50 hPa using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis (ERA)-Interim reanalysis data. The stratospheric heat flux extremes are linked instantaneously to high-latitude planetary-scale wave patterns in the troposphere and zonal wind, temperature, and mean sea level pressure anomalies in the Atlantic basin. The impacts are reminiscent of different phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation. In particular, extreme positive (negative) heat flux events in the stratosphere are associated with an equatorward (poleward) jet shift in the North Atlantic basin. The metric is used to evaluate troposphere-stratosphere coupling in models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). The results show that models with a degraded representation of stratospheric extremes exhibit robust biases in the troposphere relative to ERA-Interim. In particular, models with biased stratospheric extremes exhibit a biased climatological stationary wave pattern and Atlantic jet stream position in the troposphere. In addition, these models exhibit biases in geopotential height and zonal wind extremes in the North Atlantic region. The stratospheric biases are connected to model lid height, but it is not sufficient for assessing the tropospheric impacts. Our analysis reveals that the mean bias of the stratospheric heat flux is also not sufficient for assessing the representation of troposphere-stratosphere coupling. Overall, the results suggest that a metric based on stratospheric heat flux extremes should be used in conjunction with metrics based on extreme polar vortex events in multimodel assessments of troposphere-stratosphere coupling. C1 [Shaw, Tiffany A.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Perlwitz, Judith] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perlwitz, Judith] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Weiner, Ori] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Shaw, TA (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM tas2163@columbia.edu RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008 OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1129519]; NOAA's Climate Program Office; NASA [NNX13AM24G] FX T.A.S. is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant AGS-1129519. J.P.'s contributions is supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office and by NASA under grant NNX13AM24G. We are grateful to Haibo Liu, Naomi Henderson, and Isla Simpson for downloading the CMIP5 data used in this study. We are also grateful to S. Hardiman for providing HadCM3 data, D. Marsh for providing CESM1-WACCM data, and H. Reider for help with the statistical significance calculation. The authors are grateful to three anonymous reviewers whose comments helped improve the manuscript. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table 1 of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. The CMIP data used in this paper are available at http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/data_portal.html. We also thank the ECMWF for providing the ERA-Interim reanalysis data set. The ERA-Interim data used in this paper are available at http://data-portal.ecmwf.int/data/d/interim_daily/levtype=pl/. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 10 BP 5864 EP 5880 DI 10.1002/2013JD021191 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ5YQ UT WOS:000337766600008 ER PT J AU Lu, E Liu, SY Luo, YL Zhao, W Li, H Chen, HX Zeng, YT Liu, P Wang, XM Higgins, RW Halpert, MS AF Lu, Er Liu, Siyuan Luo, Yali Zhao, Wei Li, Hui Chen, Hongxing Zeng, Yingting Liu, Peng Wang, Xiaomin Higgins, R. Wayne Halpert, Mike S. TI The atmospheric anomalies associated with the drought over the Yangtze River basin during spring 2011 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WATER-VAPOR TRANSPORT; ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; WESTERN PACIFIC; SOUTH CHINA; SNOW COVER; PRECIPITATION EXTREMES; SST ANOMALIES; INDIAN-OCEAN AB The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin (MLRY) suffered a once-in-a-50-year drought during the spring of 2011. The abnormality of the atmospheric circulation in the spring is characterized by the deeper-than-normal trough over East Asia and the northwest Pacific while stronger-than-normal high-pressure system over the west, which results in a stronger-than-normal meridional circulation. Meanwhile, the western Pacific subtropical high is weaker than normal and retreats to the east, so the spring monsoonal moist air from lower latitudes is relatively weak. The anomalous northerly wind in higher latitudes suppresses the northward motion of the moist air and brings dry air to the MLRY. The northerly wind also suppresses the northward motion of warm air and brings cold air to the MLRY. So finally, the air over the MLRY is drier, but colder than normal, which is different from many other droughts. The coldness of the air plays a negative role to the drought. Results from comparing the C-q and C-T, the measures of the changes in moisture and temperature between this spring and the normal spring defined based on the tight precipitation-relative humidity relation, indicate that the dryness of the air is much stronger than the coldness, and the air over the MLRY thus maintains a lower-than-normal relative humidity. The animation of daily Cq and CT shows that dry and cold air moves from the northwest to the MLRY in a manner of low-frequency oscillation. C1 [Lu, Er; Liu, Siyuan; Zhao, Wei; Li, Hui; Chen, Hongxing; Zeng, Yingting; Liu, Peng; Wang, Xiaomin] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Lu, Er; Higgins, R. Wayne; Halpert, Mike S.] NOAA Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Luo, Yali] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Chen, Hongxing] Chengdu Univ Informat Technol, Coll Atmospher Sci, Chengdu, Peoples R China. [Wang, Xiaomin] Shijiazhuang Meteorol Bur, Shijiazhuang, Peoples R China. RP Lu, E (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM elu@nuist.edu.cn OI Chen, Haishan/0000-0002-2403-3187 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41275092, 41230528]; National Basic Research (973) Program of China [2013CB430203, 2012CB955903]; NOAA Climate Prediction Center; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD) FX This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 41275092 and 41230528), National Basic Research (973) Program of China (grants 2013CB430203 and 2012CB955903), NOAA Climate Prediction Center, and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD). The anonymous reviewers and Ruby Leung, the Editor, are thanked for their constructive suggestions that helped improve the manuscript. The reanalysis data are provided by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and Department of Energy (DOE), and the sea surface temperature data are provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). NR 63 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 10 BP 5881 EP 5894 DI 10.1002/2014JD021558 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ5YQ UT WOS:000337766600009 ER PT J AU Wu, XQ Liu, QH Zeng, J Grotenhuis, M Qian, HF Caponi, M Flynn, L Jaross, G Sen, B Buss, RH Johnsen, W Janz, S Pan, CH Niu, JG Beck, T Beach, E Yu, W Raja, MKRV Stuhmer, D Cumpton, D Owen, C Li, WH AF Wu, Xiangqian Liu, Quanhua Zeng, Jian Grotenhuis, Michael Qian, Haifeng Caponi, Maria Flynn, Larry Jaross, Glen Sen, Bhaswar Buss, Richard H., Jr. Johnsen, William Janz, Scott Pan, Chunhui Niu, Jianguo Beck, Trevor Beach, Eric Yu, Wei Raja, M. K. Rama Varma Stuhmer, Derek Cumpton, Daniel Owen, Cristina Li, Wen-Hao TI Evaluation of the Sensor Data Record from the nadir instruments of the Ozone Mapping Profiler Suite (OMPS) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Editorial Material ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; INFRARED CHANNELS; INTER-CALIBRATION; PERFORMANCE; RETRIEVAL; SYSTEM AB This paper evaluates the first 15 months of the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) Sensor Data Record (SDR) acquired by the nadir sensors and processed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Interface Data Processing Segment. The evaluation consists of an inter-comparison with a similar satellite instrument, an analysis using a radiative transfer model, and an assessment of product stability. This is in addition to the evaluation of sensor calibration and the Environment Data Record product that are also reported in this Special Issue. All these are parts of synergetic effort to provide comprehensive assessment at every level of the products to ensure its quality. It is found that the OMPS nadir SDR quality is satisfactory for the current Provisional maturity. Methods used in the evaluation are being further refined, developed, and expanded, in collaboration with international community through the Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System, to support the upcoming long-term monitoring. C1 [Wu, Xiangqian; Flynn, Larry; Beck, Trevor] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liu, Quanhua; Pan, Chunhui] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zeng, Jian; Grotenhuis, Michael] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, ERT Inc, College Pk, MD USA. [Qian, Haifeng; Beach, Eric; Yu, Wei] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, IMSG Inc, College Pk, MD USA. [Caponi, Maria] SEAMM S Caponi & Associates, Manhattan Beach, CA USA. [Jaross, Glen; Janz, Scott] NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Sen, Bhaswar; Li, Wen-Hao] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA USA. [Buss, Richard H., Jr.] Innovim, Lanham, MD USA. [Johnsen, William; Cumpton, Daniel] Raytheon Co, Raytheon Intelligence, Informat & Serv, Aurora, CO USA. [Niu, Jianguo] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, SRG, College Pk, MD USA. [Raja, M. K. Rama Varma] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Stuhmer, Derek; Owen, Cristina] Raytheon Intelligence, Informat & Serv, Omaha, NE USA. RP Wu, XQ (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Xiangqian.Wu@noaa.gov RI Grotenhuis, Michael/G-1195-2010; Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009; Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Beach, Eric/F-5576-2010; Qian, Haifeng/F-1987-2011; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010 OI Grotenhuis, Michael/0000-0002-6236-864X; Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614; Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650 NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 10 BP 6170 EP 6180 DI 10.1002/2013JD020484 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ5YQ UT WOS:000337766600027 ER PT J AU Flynn, L Long, C Wu, X Evans, R Beck, CT Petropavlovskikh, I McConville, G Yu, W Zhang, Z Niu, J Beach, E Hao, Y Pan, C Sen, B Novicki, M Zhou, S Seftor, C AF Flynn, L. Long, C. Wu, X. Evans, R. Beck, C. T. Petropavlovskikh, I. McConville, G. Yu, W. Zhang, Z. Niu, J. Beach, E. Hao, Y. Pan, C. Sen, B. Novicki, M. Zhou, S. Seftor, C. TI Performance of the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) products SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ALGORITHM AB NOAA, through the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) program, in partnership with the National Aeronautical and Space Administration, launched the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite, a risk reduction and data continuity mission, on 28 October 2011. The JPSS program is executing the S-NPP Calibration and Validation program to ensure that the data products comply with the requirements of the sponsoring agencies. The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) consists of two telescopes feeding three detectors measuring solar radiance scattered by the Earth's atmosphere directly and solar irradiance by using diffusers. The measurements are used to generate estimates of total column ozone and vertical ozone profiles for use in near-real-time applications and extension of ozone climate data records. The calibration and validation efforts are progressing well, and both Level 1 (Sensor Data Records) and Level 2 (Ozone Environmental Data Records) have advanced to release at Provisional Maturity. This paper provides information on the product performance over the first 22 months of the mission. The products are evaluated through the use of internal consistency analysis techniques and comparisons to other satellite instrument and ground-based products. The initial performance finds total ozone showing negative bias of 2 to 4% with respect to correlative products and ozone profiles often within +/- 5% in the middle and upper stratosphere of current operational products. Potential improvements in the measurements and algorithms are identified. These will be implemented in coming months to reduce the differences further. C1 [Flynn, L.; Long, C.; Wu, X.; Evans, R.; Beck, C. T.] NOAA NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Petropavlovskikh, I.; McConville, G.] CIRES, Boulder, CO USA. [Yu, W.; Zhang, Z.; Niu, J.; Beach, E.; Hao, Y.] IMSG, College Pk, MD USA. [Niu, J.] SRG, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Pan, C.] UMD CICS, College Pk, MD USA. [Sen, B.; Novicki, M.] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA USA. [Zhou, S.] Wyle Informat Syst, Mclean, VA USA. [Seftor, C.] SSAI, Lanham, MD USA. RP Flynn, L (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Lawrence.E.Flynn@noaa.gov RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009; Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Beach, Eric/F-5576-2010; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010 OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614; Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650 FU NOAA JPSS program; NASA S-NPP program FX The work was supported by the NOAA JPSS and the NASA S-NPP programs. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 10 BP 6181 EP 6195 DI 10.1002/2013JD020467 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ5YQ UT WOS:000337766600028 ER PT J AU Evarts, ER Heindl, R Rippard, WH Pufall, MR AF Evarts, Eric R. Heindl, Ranko Rippard, William H. Pufall, Matthew R. TI Correlation of anomalous write error rates and ferromagnetic resonance spectrum in spin-transfer-torque-magnetic-random-access-memory devices containing in-plane free layers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS AB In a small fraction of magnetic-tunnel-junction-based magnetic random-access memory devices with in-plane free layers, the write-error rates (WERs) are higher than expected on the basis of the macrospin or quasi-uniform magnetization reversal models. In devices with increased WERs, the product of effective resistance and area, tunneling magnetoresistance, and coercivity do not deviate from typical device properties. However, the field-swept, spin-torque, ferromagnetic resonance (FS-ST-FMR) spectra with an applied DC bias current deviate significantly for such devices. With a DC bias of 300 mV (producing 9.9 x 10(6) A/cm(2)) or greater, these anomalous devices show an increase in the fraction of the power present in FS-ST-FMR modes corresponding to higher-order excitations of the free-layer magnetization. As much as 70% of the power is contained in higher-order modes compared to approximate to 20% in typical devices. Additionally, a shift in the uniform-mode resonant field that is correlated with the magnitude of the WER anomaly is detected at DC biases greater than 300 mV. These differences in the anomalous devices indicate a change in the micromagnetic resonant mode structure at high applied bias. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Evarts, Eric R.; Rippard, William H.; Pufall, Matthew R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Heindl, Ranko] San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Evarts, ER (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 26 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 21 AR 212402 DI 10.1063/1.4879847 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AI8FE UT WOS:000337143000031 ER PT J AU Qiao, L Hong, Y Chen, S Zou, CB Gourley, JJ Yong, B AF Qiao, Lei Hong, Yang Chen, Sheng Zou, Chris B. Gourley, Jonathan J. Yong, Bin TI Performance assessment of the successive Version 6 and Version 7 TMPA products over the climate-transitional zone in the southern Great Plains, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE TRMM; Quantitative Precipitation Estimation; Verdigris River Basin; Upper Washita Basin; Global Precipitation Measurement; TMPA ID MULTISATELLITE PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; ERROR PROPAGATION; PASSIVE-MICROWAVE; GSMAP PROJECT; GAUGE DATA; SATELLITE; RAINFALL; SCALES; MODEL AB This study assesses the latest version, Version 7 (V7) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) rainfall estimates by comparison with the previous version, Version 6 (V6), for both near-real-time product (3B42RT) and post-real-time research products (3B42) over the climate-transitional zone in the southern Great Plains, USA. Two basins, the Verdigris River Basin (VRB) in the east and the Upper Washita Basin (UWB) in the west, with distinctive precipitation but similar vegetation and elevation, were selected to evaluate the TMPA products using rain gauge-blended products with WSR-88D NEXRAD Stage IV. This study sheds important insights into the detailed spatiotemporal precipitation errors, and also reveals algorithm performance during extreme events over the two low-relief basins within a high precipitation gradient zone. Based on nine years of measurements (2002-2010), this study shows that: (1) 3B42V7 corrects the widespread rainfall underestimation from research product 3B42V6, especially for the drier UWB with relative bias (RB) improvement from -23.24% to 2.24%. (2) 3B42RTV7 reduces the widespread, notable overestimation from the real-time product 3B42RTV6, with minor overestimation in the wet VRB and underestimation in the dry UWB. (3) For both versions of TMPA products, larger root mean square error (RMSE) but higher correlation coefficients (CCs) tend to appear for the wet VRB, while lower RMSE and CC mostly occur in the dry UWB. 3B42RTV7 shows a drawback that the CC declines significantly, especially in the dry region where it drops below 0.5. (4) Seasonally, autumn rainfall estimations in both versions and basins have the least bias. The 3B42RTV6 overestimation and 3B42V6 underestimation of spring and summer rainfall, which dominate the annual total bias, are significantly reduced for both basins in the V7 products. Winter precipitation estimation improvement is also noticeable with significant RB and RMSE reductions. However, considerable overestimation in summer rainfall still exists for the wet basin. (5) Although V7 has the overall best performance, it still shows deficiency in detecting extreme rainfall events in low-relief regions, tending to underestimate peak rainfall intensity and to misrepresent timing and locations. Results from this study can be used for reference in the algorithm development of the next generation of Integrated MultiSatellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) scheduled to launch in 2014. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Qiao, Lei; Hong, Yang; Chen, Sheng] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Qiao, Lei; Hong, Yang; Chen, Sheng] Natl Weather Ctr, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Qiao, Lei; Zou, Chris B.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Yong, Bin] Hohai Univ, Estate Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul E, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Hong, Yang] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Suite 4610,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; Zou, Chris/A-5039-2010; Yong, Bin/C-2257-2014 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755; Zou, Chris/0000-0003-0080-2866; Yong, Bin/0000-0003-1466-2091 FU NOAA Multi-function Phased-Array Radar Project; Responses to Climate Change program; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Institute for Water Resources; South Central Climate Science Center FX We acknowledge the TRMM mission scientists and associated NASA personnel for the production of the data used in this research effort, and are very much indebted to the team responsible for the TMPA products, especially Dr. George J. Huffman. Thanks also go to Dr. Huilin Gao of the Texas A&M University. This work was financially supported by the NOAA Multi-function Phased-Array Radar Project and the Responses to Climate Change program, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Institute for Water Resources and the South Central Climate Science Center. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 26 PY 2014 VL 513 BP 446 EP 456 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.03.040 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AI9NI UT WOS:000337258900041 ER PT J AU Chen, JE Wu, H Wu, GT Xiong, ZT Wang, RM Fan, HJ Zhou, W Liu, B Chua, YS Ju, XH Chen, P AF Chen, Juner Wu, Hui Wu, Guotao Xiong, Zhitao Wang, Ruiming Fan, Hongjun Zhou, Wei Liu, Bin Chua, Yongshen Ju, Xiaohua Chen, Ping TI Lithiated Primary Amine-A New Material for Hydrogen Storage SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dehydrogenation; hydrogen storage; lithiated amines; organometallic chemistry; -elimination ID OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION; PINCER COMPLEXES; METAL; CATALYSTS; LITHIUM; DECOMPOSITION; MOLYBDENUM; ACTIVATION; MECHANISM; NITRILES AB A facile method for synthesizing crystalline lithiated amines by ball milling primary amines with LiH was developed. The lithiated amines exhibit an unprecedented endothermic dehydrogenation feature in the temperature range of 150-250 degrees C, which shows potential as a new type of hydrogen storage material. Structural analysis and mechanistic studies on lithiated ethylenediamine (Li(2)EDA) indicates that Li may mediate the dehydrogenation through an ,-LiH elimination mechanism, creating a more energy favorable pathway for the selective H-2 release. C1 [Chen, Juner; Wu, Guotao; Xiong, Zhitao; Wang, Ruiming; Fan, Hongjun; Liu, Bin; Chua, Yongshen; Ju, Xiaohua; Chen, Ping] Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Dalian Natl Lab Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China. [Chen, Juner] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chen, P (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Dalian Natl Lab Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China. EM pchen@dicp.ac.cn RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Chen, Juner/D-2913-2015; Chua, Yong Shen/J-3551-2016 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; FU Project of National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Yong Scholars [51225206]; Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF); [2010CB631304] FX The authors would like to acknowledge financial support from the Project of National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Yong Scholars (51225206), 973 (2010CB631304), Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project, and Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) for providing the beam time. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 49 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 EI 1521-3765 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PD MAY 26 PY 2014 VL 20 IS 22 BP 6632 EP 6635 DI 10.1002/chem.201402543 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AH3DM UT WOS:000336002200010 PM 24737190 ER PT J AU Vermote, E Justice, C Csiszar, I AF Vermote, Eric Justice, Chris Csiszar, Ivan TI Early evaluation of the VIIRS calibration, cloud mask and surface reflectance Earth data records SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Atmospheric correction; Surface reflectance ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER CODE; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; MODIS DATA; VECTOR VERSION; SATELLITE DATA; VALIDATION; PRODUCTS; LAND; 6S; SIMULATION AB Surface reflectance is one of the key products from VIIRS and as with MODIS, is used in developing several higher-order land products. The VIIRS Surface Reflectance(SR) Intermediate Product (IP) is based on the heritage MODIS Collection 5 product (Vermote, El Saleous, & Justice, 2002). The quality and character of surface reflectance depend on the accuracy of the VIIRS Cloud Mask (VCM), the aerosol algorithms and the adequate calibration of the sensor. The focus of this paper is the early evaluation of the VIIRS SR product in the context of the maturity of the operational processing system, the Interface Data Processing System (IDPS). After a brief introduction, the paper presents the calibration performance and the role of the surface reflectance in calibration monitoring. The analysis of the performance of the cloud mask with a focus on vegetation monitoring (no snow conditions) showstypical problems over bright surfaces and high elevation sites. Also discussed is the performance of the aerosol input used in the atmospheric correction and in particular the artifacts generated by the use of the Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System. Early quantitative results of the performance of the SR product over the AERONET sites show that with the few adjustments recommended, the accuracy is within the threshold specifications. The analysis of the adequacy of the SR product (Land PEATE adjusted version) in applications of societal benefits is then presented. We conclude with a set of recommendations to ensure consistency and continuity of the JPSS mission with the MODIS Land Climate Data Record. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Vermote, Eric] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Informat Syst Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Justice, Chris] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Csiszar, Ivan] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. RP Vermote, E (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Informat Syst Lab, Mail Code 619,Bldg 32,S036H, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Eric.F.Vermote@nasa.gov RI Csiszar, Ivan/D-2396-2010 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY 25 PY 2014 VL 148 BP 134 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2014.03.028 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AI3PE UT WOS:000336773600012 ER PT J AU Crowell, S White, L Wicker, L AF Crowell, Sean White, Luther Wicker, Louis TI Estimation of near surface wind speeds in strongly rotating flows SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Vortex dynamics; Fluid mechanics; Vortex flows; Hyperbolic equations; Geophysical fluid dynamics; Axisymmetric dynamics ID TORNADO-LIKE VORTICES; VORTEX DYNAMICS; SWIRL RATIO; SIMULATION AB Modeling studies consistently demonstrate that the most violent winds in tornadic vortices occur in the lowest tens of meters above the surface. These velocities are unobservable by radar platforms due to line of sight considerations. In this work, a methodology is developed which utilizes parametric tangential velocity models derived from Doppler radar measurements, together with a tangential momentum and mass continuity constraint, to estimate the radial and vertical velocities in a steady axisymmetric frame. The main result is that information from observations aloft can be extrapolated into the surface layer of the vortex. The impact of the amount of information available to the retrieval is demonstrated through some numerical tests with pseudo-data. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Crowell, Sean; White, Luther] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Crowell, Sean; Wicker, Louis] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Crowell, S (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM scrowell@ou.edu; lwhite@ou.edu; Louis.Wicker@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 EI 1873-5649 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD MAY 25 PY 2014 VL 235 BP 201 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.amc.2014.01.010 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA AH1RL UT WOS:000335898500022 ER PT J AU Julienne, PS Hutson, JM AF Julienne, Paul S. Hutson, Jeremy M. TI Contrasting the wide Feshbach resonances in Li-6 and Li-7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; SCATTERING LENGTHS; HYDROGEN MOLECULE; FERMI GAS; STATE; COLLISIONS; ATOMS; ENERGY; SUPERFLUIDITY AB We compare and contrast the wide Feshbach resonances and the corresponding weakly bound states in the lowest scattering channels of ultracold Li-6 and Li-7. We use high-precision measurements of binding energies and scattering properties to determine interaction potentials that incorporate non-Born-Oppenheimer terms to account for the failure of mass scaling between Li-6 and Li-7. Correction terms are needed for both the singlet and the triplet potential curves. The universal formula relating binding energy to scattering length is not accurate for either system. The Li-6 resonance is open-channel-dominated and the van der Waals formula of Gao [J. Phys. B 37, 4273 (2004)] gives accurate results for the binding energies across much of the resonance width. The Li-7 resonance, by contrast, is weakly closed-channel-dominated and a coupled-channel treatment of the binding energies is required. Plotting the binding energies in universal van der Waals form helps illustrate subtle differences between the experimental results and different theoretical forms near the resonance pole. C1 [Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hutson, Jeremy M.] Univ Durham, Dept Chem, Joint Quantum Ctr JQC Durham Newcastle, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Julienne, PS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Hutson, Jeremy/F-4748-2012; OI Hutson, Jeremy/0000-0002-4344-6622; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU AFOSR-MURI Grant [FA9550-09-1-0617]; EOARD Grant [FA8655-10-1-3033] FX The authors thank Professor Randall Hulet and Professor Christophe Salomon for providing numerical tables of their published experimental results and acknowledge support from AFOSR-MURI Grant No. FA9550-09-1-0617 and EOARD Grant No. FA8655-10-1-3033. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY 23 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 5 AR 052715 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.052715 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AI3GJ UT WOS:000336748500004 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Richardella, A Rench, DW Fraleigh, RD Flanagan, TC Borchers, JA Tao, J Samarth, N AF Lee, Joon Sue Richardella, Anthony Rench, David W. Fraleigh, Robert D. Flanagan, Thomas C. Borchers, Julie A. Tao, Jing Samarth, Nitin TI Ferromagnetism and spin-dependent transport in n-type Mn-doped bismuth telluride thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC TOPOLOGICAL INSULATORS; DIRAC-FERMION; SURFACE; PHASE; SEMICONDUCTORS AB We describe a detailed study of the structural, magnetic, and magnetotransport properties of single-crystal, n-type, Mn-doped bismuth telluride thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy. With increasing Mn concentration, the crystal structure changes from the tetradymite structure of the Bi2Te3 parent crystal at low Mn concentrations towards a BiTe phase in the(Bi2Te3)(m)(Bi-2)(n) homologous series. Magnetization measurements reveal the onset of ferromagnetism with a Curie temperature in the range 13.8-17 K in films with similar to 2%-similar to 10% Mn concentration. Magnetization hysteresis loops reveal that the magnetic easy axis is along the c axis of the crystal (perpendicular to the plane). Polarized neutron reflectivity measurements of a 68-nm-thick sample show that the magnetization is uniform through the film. The presence of ferromagnetism is also manifest in a strong anomalous Hall effect and a hysteretic magnetoresistance arising from domain-wall scattering. Ordinary Hall effect measurements show that the carrier density is n type, increases with Mn doping, and is high enough (>= 2.8 x 10(13) cm(-2)) to place the chemical potential in the conduction band. Thus the observed ferromagnetism is likely associated with both bulk and surface states. Surprisingly, the Curie temperature does not show any clear dependence on the carrier density but does increase with Mn concentration. Our results suggest that the ferromagnetism probed in these Mn-doped bismuth telluride films is not mediated by carriers in the conduction band or in an impurity band. C1 [Lee, Joon Sue; Richardella, Anthony; Rench, David W.; Fraleigh, Robert D.; Flanagan, Thomas C.; Samarth, Nitin] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Borchers, Julie A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tao, Jing] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, 104 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM nsamarth@psu.edu RI Samarth, Nitin/C-4475-2014 OI Samarth, Nitin/0000-0003-2599-346X FU ARO through the MURI program; ONR; C-SPIN, one of six centers of STARnet; Semiconductor Research Corporation program; MARCO; DARPA FX This work was primarily supported by ARO through the MURI program (A.R., J.T., T.C.F., and N.S.) and by ONR. N.S., J.S.L., and D.W.R. acknowledge additional support through C-SPIN, one of six centers of STARnet, a Semiconductor Research Corporation program sponsored by MARCO and DARPA. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 8 U2 60 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 23 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 17 AR 174425 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.174425 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AI3HC UT WOS:000336750700003 ER PT J AU Eakin, CM AF Eakin, C. Mark TI Lamarck was partially right-and that is good for corals SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; REEFS C1 NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Eakin, CM (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM mark.eakin@noaa.gov RI Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 31 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 23 PY 2014 VL 344 IS 6186 BP 798 EP 799 DI 10.1126/science.1254136 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AH6IL UT WOS:000336233800009 PM 24855237 ER PT J AU Pearse, DE Miller, MR Abadia-Cardoso, A Garza, JC AF Pearse, Devon E. Miller, Michael R. Abadia-Cardoso, Alicia Garza, John Carlos TI Rapid parallel evolution of standing variation in a single, complex, genomic region is associated with life history in steelhead/rainbow trout SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE anadromy; salmonid; polymorphism; phenotypic plasticity; adaptation ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC-BASIS; THREESPINE STICKLEBACK; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; ADAPTIVE DIVERGENCE; PARTIAL ANADROMY; REDBAND TROUT AB Rapid adaptation to novel environments may drive changes in genomic regions through natural selection. Such changes may be population-specific or, alternatively, may involve parallel evolution of the same genomic region in multiple populations, if that region contains genes or co-adapted gene complexes affecting the selected trait(s). Both quantitative and population genetic approaches have identified associations between specific genomic regions and the anadromous (steelhead) and resident (rainbow trout) life-history strategies of Oncorhynchus mykiss. Here, we use genotype data from 95 single nucleotide polymorphisms and show that the distribution of variation in a large region of one chromosome, Omy5, is strongly associated with life-history differentiation in multiple above-barrier populations of rainbow trout and their anadromous steelhead ancestors. The associated loci are in strong linkage disequilibrium, suggesting the presence of a chromosomal inversion or other rearrangement limiting recombination. These results provide the first evidence of a common genomic basis for life-history variation in O. mykiss in a geographically diverse set of populations and extend our knowledge of the heritable basis of rapid adaptation of complex traits in novel habitats. C1 [Pearse, Devon E.; Abadia-Cardoso, Alicia; Garza, John Carlos] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Pearse, Devon E.; Abadia-Cardoso, Alicia; Garza, John Carlos] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Miller, Michael R.] Univ Oregon, Inst Mol Biol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Miller, Michael R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Pearse, DE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM devon.pearse@noaa.gov NR 90 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 10 U2 66 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAY 22 PY 2014 VL 281 IS 1783 AR 20140012 DI 10.1098/rspb.2014.0012 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AF0NP UT WOS:000334411600019 PM 24671976 ER PT J AU Martin, J Winnie, WN Caillat, T Yonenaga, I Green, ML AF Martin, Joshua Winnie Wong-Ng Caillat, Thierry Yonenaga, I. Green, Martin L. TI Thermocyclic stability of candidate Seebeck coefficient standard reference materials at high temperature SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION; ALLOYS AB The Seebeck coefficient is the most widely measured property specific to thermoelectric materials. There is currently no consensus on measurement protocols, and researchers employ a variety of techniques to measure the Seebeck coefficient. The implementation of standardized measurement protocols and the use of reliable Seebeck Coefficient Standard Reference Materials (SRMs (R)) will allow the accurate interlaboratory comparison and validation of materials data, thereby accelerating the development and commercialization of more efficient thermoelectric materials and devices. To enable members of the thermoelectric materials community the means to calibrate Seebeck coefficient measurement equipment, NIST certified SRM (R) 3451 "Low Temperature Seebeck Coefficient Standard (10K to 390 K)". Due to different practical requirements in instrumentation, sample contact methodology, and thermal stability, a complementary SRM (R) is required for the high temperature regime (300K to 900 K). The principal requirement of a SRM (R) for the Seebeck coefficient at high temperature is thermocyclic stability. We therefore characterized the thermocyclic behavior of the Seebeck coefficient for a series of candidate materials: constantan, p-type single crystal SiGe, and p-type polycrystalline SiGe, by measuring the temperature dependence of the Seebeck coefficient as a function of 10 sequential thermal cycles, between 300K and 900 K. We employed multiple regression analysis to interpolate and analyze the thermocyclic variability in the measurement curves. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Martin, Joshua; Winnie Wong-Ng; Green, Martin L.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Caillat, Thierry] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Yonenaga, I.] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Martin, J (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joshua.martin@nist.gov RI Yonenaga, Ichiro/A-4852-2011 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 21 PY 2014 VL 115 IS 19 AR 193501 DI 10.1063/1.4876909 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AI5PA UT WOS:000336920200013 ER PT J AU Dudowicz, J Freed, KF Douglas, JF AF Dudowicz, Jacek Freed, Karl F. Douglas, Jack F. TI Concentration fluctuations in miscible polymer blends: Influence of temperature and chain rigidity SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE CLUSTER THEORY; CRITICAL-DYNAMICS; CRITICAL-POINT; COMPRESSIBLE SYSTEMS; THERMAL-DIFFUSION; PHASE-SEPARATION; LIQUID-MIXTURES; SCATTERING; MONOMER; FLUIDS AB In contrast to binary mixtures of small molecule fluids, homogeneous polymer blends exhibit relatively large concentration fluctuations that can strongly affect the transport properties of these complex fluids over wide ranges of temperatures and compositions. The spatial scale and intensity of these compositional fluctuations are studied by applying Kirkwood-Buff theory to model blends of linear semiflexible polymer chains with upper critical solution temperatures. The requisite quantities for determining the Kirkwood-Buff integrals are generated from the lattice cluster theory for the thermodynamics of the blend and from the generalization of the random phase approximation to compressible polymer mixtures. We explore how the scale and intensity of composition fluctuations in binary blends vary with the reduced temperature tau equivalent to (T - T-c)/T (where T-c is the critical temperature) and with the asymmetry in the rigidities of the components. Knowledge of these variations is crucial for understanding the dynamics of materials fabricated from polymer blends, and evidence supporting these expectations is briefly discussed. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.; Douglas, Jack F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.; Douglas, Jack F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dudowicz, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DE-SC0008631] FX The research is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering under Award No. DE-SC0008631. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 21 PY 2014 VL 140 IS 19 AR 194901 DI 10.1063/1.4875345 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AI4JY UT WOS:000336832700036 PM 24852557 ER PT J AU Yang, LX Rohde, G Rohwer, T Stange, A Hanff, K Sohrt, C Rettig, L Cortes, R Chen, F Feng, DL Wolf, T Kamble, B Eremin, I Popmintchev, T Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC Kipp, L Fink, J Bauer, M Bovensiepen, U Rossnagel, K AF Yang, L. X. Rohde, G. Rohwer, T. Stange, A. Hanff, K. Sohrt, C. Rettig, L. Cortes, R. Chen, F. Feng, D. L. Wolf, T. Kamble, B. Eremin, I. Popmintchev, T. Murnane, M. M. Kapteyn, H. C. Kipp, L. Fink, J. Bauer, M. Bovensiepen, U. Rossnagel, K. TI Ultrafast Modulation of the Chemical Potential in BaFe2As2 by Coherent Phonons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-DENSITY-WAVE; IRON PNICTIDES; TEMPERATURE AB Time- and angle-resolved extreme ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy is used to study the electronic structure dynamics in BaFe2As2 around the high-symmetry points Gamma and M. A global oscillation of the Fermi level at the frequency of the A(1g)(As) phonon mode is observed. It is argued that this behavior reflects a modulation of the effective chemical potential in the photoexcited surface region that arises from the high sensitivity of the band structure near the Fermi level to the A(1g)(As) phonon mode combined with a low electron diffusivity perpendicular to the layers. The results establish a novel way to tune the electronic properties of iron pnictides: coherent control of the effective chemical potential. The results further suggest that the equilibration time for the effective chemical potential needs to be considered in the ultrafast electronic structure dynamics of materials with weak interlayer coupling. C1 [Yang, L. X.; Rohde, G.; Rohwer, T.; Stange, A.; Hanff, K.; Sohrt, C.; Kipp, L.; Bauer, M.; Rossnagel, K.] Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Angew Phys, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. [Rettig, L.; Bovensiepen, U.] Univ Duisburg Essen, Fak Phys, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. [Cortes, R.] Free Univ Berlin, Fachbereich Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Chen, F.; Feng, D. L.] Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, State Key Lab Surface Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Chen, F.; Feng, D. L.] Fudan Univ, Adv Mat Lab, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Wolf, T.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Festkorperphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Kamble, B.; Eremin, I.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys 3, D-44801 Bochum, Germany. [Popmintchev, T.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Popmintchev, T.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fink, J.] Leibniz Inst Festkorper & Mat Forsch Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. RP Yang, LX (reprint author), Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Angew Phys, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. RI Rossnagel, Kai/F-8822-2011; Fink, Joerg/A-6003-2012; Eremin, Ilya /M-2079-2016; Bovensiepen, Uwe/E-7435-2017; Popmintchev, Tenio/B-6715-2008; Yang, lexian /G-1123-2016; Bauer, Michael/G-5111-2016; Rettig, Laurenz/H-6462-2016 OI Rossnagel, Kai/0000-0001-5107-0090; Eremin, Ilya /0000-0003-0557-8015; Bovensiepen, Uwe/0000-0002-1506-4491; Popmintchev, Tenio/0000-0002-2023-2226; Bauer, Michael/0000-0002-4391-9899; Rettig, Laurenz/0000-0002-0725-6696 FU German Science Foundation (DFG) [BA 2177/9-1]; priority program SPP 1458; Alexander von Humboldt foundation; Mercator Research Center Ruhr (MERCUR); NSF Physics Frontier Center FX We thank M. Wolf for support in the early stages of the experiment. This work was supported by the German Science Foundation (DFG) through project BA 2177/9-1 and the priority program SPP 1458. L. X. Y. and R. C. are grateful to the Alexander von Humboldt foundation for support. B. K., I. E., L. R., and U. B. acknowledge support by the Mercator Research Center Ruhr (MERCUR). M. M., H. K., and T. P. acknowledge support from an NSF Physics Frontier Center. NR 47 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 7 U2 61 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 21 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 20 AR 207001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.207001 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AH6OK UT WOS:000336250100012 ER PT J AU Safronova, UI Safronova, MS AF Safronova, U. I. Safronova, M. S. TI Relativistic many-body calculation of energies, transition rates, lifetimes, and multipole polarizabilities in Cs-like La III SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ALKALI-METAL ATOMS; SODIUM-LIKE IONS; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; ISOELECTRONIC-SEQUENCES; HYPERFINE CONSTANTS; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE; AMPLITUDES; LAIII AB Excitation energies of the [Xe]nd (n = 5-9), [Xe]ns (n = 6-10), [Xe]np (n = 6-9), [Xe]nf (n = 4-8), and [Xe]ng (n = 5-8) states in La III, where [Xe] = 1s(2)2s(2)2p(6)3s(2)3p(6)3d(10)4s(2)4p(6)4d(10)5s(2)5p(6), are evaluated. Electric dipole matrix elements for the allowed transitions between the low-lying [Xe]nd, [Xe]ns, [Xe]np, [Xe]nf, and [Xe]ng states in the La III ion are calculated using the high-precision relativistic all-order method where all single, double, and partial triple excitations of the Dirac-Fock wave functions are included to all orders of perturbation theory. Recommended values are provided for a large number of electric dipole matrix elements, oscillator strengths, transition rates, and lifetimes. Scalar and tensor polarizabilities of the states listed above are evaluated. The uncertainties of the recommended values are estimated. Electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole matrix elements are calculated to determine lifetimes of the 5d(5/2) and 6s metastable levels. The ground-state E1, E2, and E3 static polarizabilities are calculated. This work provides recommended values critically evaluated for their accuracy for a number of La III atomic properties for use in planning and analysis of various experiments as well as theoretical modeling. C1 [Safronova, U. I.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Safronova, U. I.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Safronova, UI (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. FU NSF [PHY-1212442] FX The work of M.S.S. was supported in part by the NSF Grant No. PHY-1212442. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY 20 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 5 AR 052515 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.052515 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AM0RB UT WOS:000339552500004 ER PT J AU Cloteaux, B LaMar, MD Moseman, E Shook, J AF Cloteaux, Brian LaMar, M. Drew Moseman, Elizabeth Shook, James TI Threshold Digraphs SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE digraph realizations; Fulkerson-Chen theorem; threshold digraphs AB A digraph whose degree sequence has a unique vertex labeled realization is called threshold. In this paper we present several characterizations of threshold digraphs and their degree sequences, and show these characterizations to be equivalent. Using this result, we obtain a new, short proof of the Fulkerson-Chen theorem on degree sequences of general digraphs. C1 [Cloteaux, Brian; Moseman, Elizabeth; Shook, James] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [LaMar, M. Drew] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. RP Cloteaux, B (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.cloteaux@nist.gov; mdlama@wm.edu; lizz.moseman@gmail.com; james.shook@nist.gov OI Cloteaux, Brian/0000-0002-6177-9850 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY 20 PY 2014 VL 119 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.6028/jres.119.007 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AK4XI UT WOS:000338427200001 PM 26601029 ER PT J AU Pratt, KW AF Pratt, Kenneth W. TI Measurement of pH(T) values of Tris buffers in artificial seawater at varying mole ratios of Tris:Tris center dot HCl SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Buffers; Calibration; pH; Standards; Traceability; Uncertainty ID SILVER-CHLORIDE ELECTRODE; SYNTHETIC SEA-WATER; META-CRESOL PURPLE; PH MEASUREMENTS; PURIFICATION; STANDARDIZATION; DEFINITION; QUANTITIES; 273.15-K; 318.15-K AB Measurements of total pH, pH(T), in Harned cells are reported for 2-amino-2-hydroxymethy1-1,3-propanediol (Tris) buffers in artificial seawater (ASW) of salinity 35 at three molality ratios of Tris to Tris center dot HCl: 0.03:0.05, 0.04:0.04, and 0.05:0.03. The ASW formulation was derived from the 2008 International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO) composition of seawater (Millero et al., 2008). The pH(T) value of each buffer was measured at 288.15 K, 298.15 K, and 308.15 K (15 `degrees C, 25 degrees C, and 35 degrees C). Measurement uncertainties compliant with the ISO GUM (JCGM, 2008) are provided for each buffer. These new formulations extend the available data for Tris buffers in ASW to pH(T) values that bracket the pH(T) range of natural surface seawaters at 298.15 K. The data provide a framework for future multiple-point calibrations of spectrophotometric and potentiometric pH(T) measurements traceable to these new buffers. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pratt, KW (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kenneth.pratt@nist.gov FU EMRP participating countries within EURAMET; European Union FX The author acknowledges Andrew Dickson for supplying the samples of the Tris buffer CRM and for the open discussions of the methodology of his pHT measurements. The gift of the EMRP salts with assay information provided by the following EMRP members is thankfully acknowledged: Petra Spitzer (PTB, Germany); Paola Fisicaro and Daniela Stoica (LNE, France); Michal Mariassy (SMU, Slovak Republic); and Samuel Wunderli (METAS, Switzerland). The EMRP is jointly funded by the EMRP participating countries within EURAMET and the European Union. No funding for the present work was received from the EMRP. Trace elemental analyses of the ASW salts and solutions were provided by John Sieber (NIST). The author acknowledges the editorial contributions and oceanographic advice of Jason Waters (NIST). NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 EI 1872-7581 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD MAY 20 PY 2014 VL 162 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2014.03.003 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA AI6UO UT WOS:000337012700010 ER PT J AU Goldberg, R Rose, JM Mercaldo-Allen, R Meseck, SL Clark, P Kuropat, C Pereira, JJ AF Goldberg, Ronald Rose, Julie M. Mercaldo-Allen, Renee Meseck, Shannon L. Clark, Paul Kuropat, Catherine Pereira, Jose J. TI Effects of hydraulic dredging on the benthic ecology and sediment chemistry on a cultivated bed of the Northern quahog, Mercenaria mercenaria SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Hard clam aquaculture; Hydraulic clam dredging; Benthic community; Biogeochemistry; Sediment grain size ID LONG-ISLAND SOUND; GRAIN-SIZE; CLAM; DISTURBANCE; COMMUNITIES; RECRUITMENT; SETTLEMENT; ABUNDANCE; PORTUGAL; RECOVERY AB We examined the effects of hydraulic dredging on the benthic ecology and sediment biogeochemistry of a leased shellfish bed in Long Island Sound near Milford, Connecticut, where Northern quahog or hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus 1758), aquaculture is conducted. Six 1 ha plots were sampled at 1-2 week intervals from June through October of 2010. One-time hydraulic dredging to harvest hard clams was conducted on 3 dredged treatment plots in mid-June, while 3 control plots remained not dredged. Repeated measures analysis indicated no significant differences between dredged and not dredged plots for any of the ecological indices or sediment chemistry measurements. Numbers of newly settled hard clams were significantly higher on dredged plots. Cluster analysis indicated a strong seasonal influence on benthic community structure distinguishing between early and late season assemblages. Hydraulic shellfish harvesting as conducted on leased beds in Long Island Sound did not appear to significantly impact benthic assemblages or sediment biogeochemistry, while sediment grain size and sampling date had a greater influence on benthic community structure. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Goldberg, Ronald; Rose, Julie M.; Mercaldo-Allen, Renee; Meseck, Shannon L.; Clark, Paul; Kuropat, Catherine; Pereira, Jose J.] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Goldberg, R (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM ronald.goldberg@noaa.gov NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAY 20 PY 2014 VL 428 BP 150 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.03.012 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AH0NJ UT WOS:000335816400020 ER PT J AU Malamut, C Redfield, S Linsky, JL Wood, BE Ayres, TR AF Malamut, Craig Redfield, Seth Linsky, Jeffrey L. Wood, Brian E. Ayres, Thomas R. TI THE STRUCTURE OF THE LOCAL INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM. VI. NEW Mg II, Fe II, AND Mn II OBSERVATIONS TOWARD STARS WITHIN 100 pc SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE line: profiles; local interstellar matter; ISM: clouds; ISM: structure; techniques: spectroscopic ID HIGH-RESOLUTION OBSERVATIONS; PICTORIS CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; INTER-STELLAR MEDIUM; HOT WHITE-DWARFS; LINE-OF-SIGHT; BETA-PICTORIS; CA-II; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; HYDROGEN WALL AB We analyze high-resolution spectra obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph onboard the Hubble Space Telescope toward 34 nearby stars (<= 100 pc) to record Mg II, Fe II, and Mn II absorption due to the local interstellar medium (LISM). Observations span the entire sky, probing previously unobserved regions of the LISM. The heavy ions studied in this survey produce narrow absorption features that facilitate the identification of multiple interstellar components. We detected one to six individual absorption components along any given sight line, and the number of absorbers roughly correlates with the pathlength. This high-resolution near-ultraviolet (NUV) spectroscopic survey was specifically designed for sight lines with existing far-UV (FUV) observations. The FUV spectra include many intrinsically broad absorption lines (i.e., of low atomic mass ions) and are often observed at medium resolution. The LISM NUV narrow-line absorption component structure presented here can be used to more accurately interpret the archival FUV observations. As an example of this synergy, we present a new analysis of the temperature and turbulence along the line of sight toward is an element of Ind. The new observations of LISM velocity structure are also critical in the interpretation of astrospheric absorption derived from fitting the saturated H I Ly alpha profile. As an example, we reanalyze the spectrum of lambda And and find that this star likely does have an astrosphere. Two stars in the sample that have circumstellar disks (49 Cet and HD141569) show evidence for absorption due to disk gas. Finally, the substantially increased number of sight lines is used to test and refine the three-dimensional kinematic model of the LISM and search for previously unidentified clouds within the Local Bubble. We find that every prediction made by the Redfield & Linsky kinematic model of the LISM is confirmed by an observed component in the new lines of sight. C1 [Malamut, Craig; Redfield, Seth] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Astron, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Malamut, Craig; Redfield, Seth] Wesleyan Univ, Van Vleck Observ, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wood, Brian E.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ayres, Thomas R.] Univ Colorado, CASA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Malamut, C (reprint author), Wesleyan Univ, Dept Astron, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. EM cmalamut@wesleyan.edu OI Redfield, Seth/0000-0003-3786-3486 FU NASA HST grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute [GO-11568]; NASA [NAS 5-26555]; student research fellowship from the Connecticut Space Grant Consortium FX We thank the anonymous referee for their insightful comments. We thank Meredith Hughes for several helpful discussions and useful comments. We acknowledge support through NASA HST grant GO-11568 from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555; and a student research fellowship from the Connecticut Space Grant Consortium. NR 78 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2014 VL 787 IS 1 AR 75 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/787/1/75 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AH2AX UT WOS:000335924200075 ER PT J AU Mitchell, JL Vallis, GK Potter, SF AF Mitchell, Jonathan L. Vallis, Geoffrey K. Potter, Samuel F. TI EFFECTS OF THE SEASONAL CYCLE ON SUPERROTATION IN PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planets and satellites: atmospheres ID MEDIATED REGIME TRANSITIONS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; METHANE CYCLE; MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE; TITAN; DYNAMICS; MARS; SURFACE; CLOUDS AB The dynamics of dry atmospheric general circulation model simulations forced by seasonally varying Newtonian relaxation are explored over a wide range of two control parameters and are compared with the large-scale circulation of Earth, Mars, and Titan in their relevant parameter regimes. Of the parameters that govern the behavior of the system, the thermal Rossby number (Ro) has previously been found to be important in governing the spontaneous transition from an Earth-like climatology of winds to a superrotating one with prograde equatorial winds, in the absence of a seasonal cycle. This case is somewhat unrealistic as it applies only if the planet has zero obliquity or if surface thermal inertia is very large. While Venus has nearly vanishing obliquity, Earth, Mars, and Titan (Saturn) all have obliquities of similar to 25 degrees and varying degrees of seasonality due to their differing thermal inertias and orbital periods. Motivated by this, we introduce a time- dependent Newtonian cooling to drive a seasonal cycle using idealized model forcing, and we define a second control parameter that mimics non-dimensional thermal inertia of planetary surfaces. We then perform and analyze simulations across the parameter range bracketed by Earth- like and Titan-like regimes, assess the impact on the spontaneous transition to superrotation, and compare Earth, Mars, and Titan to the model simulations in the relevant parameter regime. We find that a large seasonal cycle (small thermal inertia) prevents model atmospheres with large thermal Rossby numbers from developing superrotation by the influences of (1) cross-equatorial momentum advection by the Hadley circulation and (2) hemispherically asymmetric zonal-mean zonal winds that suppress instabilities leading to equatorial momentum convergence. We also demonstrate that baroclinic instabilities must be sufficiently weak to allow superrotation to develop. In the relevant parameter regimes, our seasonal model simulations compare favorably to large- scale, seasonal phenomena observed on Earth and Mars. In the Titan-like regime the seasonal cycle in our model acts to prevent superrotation from developing, and it is necessary to increase the value of a third parameter-the atmospheric Newtonian cooling time-to achieve a superrotating climatology. C1 [Mitchell, Jonathan L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Mitchell, Jonathan L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Mitchell, Jonathan L.] Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Vallis, Geoffrey K.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter, Devon, England. [Potter, Samuel F.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Mitchell, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. FU NASA [NNX12AI71G]; Institute for Advanced Study; NSF [AGS-1144302] FX J.L.M. acknowledges support from NASA grant No. NNX12AI71G and the IBM Einstein Fellowship from the Institute for Advanced Study. G.K.V. and S.F.P. acknowledge support from the NSF under grant No. AGS-1144302, and G.K.V. also acknowledges the Wolfson Foundation and the Royal Society. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2014 VL 787 IS 1 AR 23 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/787/1/23 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AH2AX UT WOS:000335924200023 ER PT J AU Bechtel, HA Muller, EA Olmon, RL Martin, MC Raschke, MB AF Bechtel, Hans A. Muller, Eric A. Olmon, Robert L. Martin, Michael C. Raschke, Markus B. TI Ultrabroadband infrared nanospectroscopic imaging SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE nano-FTIR; chemical identification; bioimaging ID NEAR-FIELD SPECTROSCOPY; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; MICROSCOPY; LIGHT; RESOLUTION; SCATTERING; SCALE; SPECTROMICROSCOPY; ABSORPTION; CHEMISTRY AB Characterizing and ultimately controlling the heterogeneity underlying biomolecular functions, quantum behavior of complex matter, photonic materials, or catalysis requires large-scale spectroscopic imaging with simultaneous specificity to structure, phase, and chemical composition at nanometer spatial resolution. However, as with any ultrahigh spatial resolution microscopy technique, the associated demand for an increase in both spatial and spectral bandwidth often leads to a decrease in desired sensitivity. We overcome this limitation in infrared vibrational scattering-scanning probe near-field optical microscopy using synchrotron midinfrared radiation. Tip-enhanced localized light-matter interaction is induced by low-noise, broadband, and spatially coherent synchrotron light of high spectral irradiance, and the near-field signal is sensitively detected using heterodyne interferometric amplification. We achieve sub-40-nm spatially resolved, molecular, and phonon vibrational spectroscopic imaging, with rapid spectral acquisition, spanning the full midinfrared (700-5,000 cm(-1)) with few cm(-1) spectral resolution. We demonstrate the performance of synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy on semiconductor, biomineral, and protein nanostructures, providing vibrational chemical imaging with subzeptomole sensitivity. C1 [Bechtel, Hans A.; Martin, Michael C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Muller, Eric A.; Olmon, Robert L.; Raschke, Markus B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Muller, Eric A.; Olmon, Robert L.; Raschke, Markus B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Muller, Eric A.; Olmon, Robert L.; Raschke, Markus B.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Muller, Eric A.; Olmon, Robert L.; Raschke, Markus B.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bechtel, HA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM habechtel@lbl.gov; mcmartin@lbl.gov; markus.raschke@colorado.edu RI Muller, Eric/J-2161-2012; Raschke, Markus/F-8023-2013; Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014 OI Muller, Eric/0000-0002-9629-1767; FU Berkeley Synchrotron Infrared Structural Biology (BSISB) program; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences the US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research through the US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; US DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-12ER46893]; DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); US DOE [DEAC06-76RL01830] FX The authors thank Gloria K. Oliver for the synthesis and provision of peptide loop-displaying peptoid nanosheets, which was performed at The Molecular Foundry (TMF), Sun Choi for providing dried protein samples, which was supported by the Berkeley Synchrotron Infrared Structural Biology (BSISB) program, and Pupa Gilbert for providing the shell sample. The authors also thank Andrew Jones and Erik Josberger for contributions to the modifications of the AFM, as well as Jaroslaw Syzdek and Benjamin Pollard for helpful discussions. The ALS and TMF are supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and the BSISB is supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, all through the US Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. A portion of the research was supported by the US DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award DE-FG02-12ER46893 (to E.A.M., R.L.O., and M.B.R.). Funding was provided by a partner proposal with the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility from the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated by Battelle for the US DOE under Contract DEAC06-76RL01830. NR 51 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 14 U2 102 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 20 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 20 BP 7191 EP 7196 DI 10.1073/pnas.1400502111 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AH5KP UT WOS:000336168100019 PM 24803431 ER PT J AU Umezawa, T Baker, AK Oram, D Sauvage, C O'Sullivan, D Rauthe-Schoch, A Montzka, SA Zahn, A Brenninkmeijer, CAM AF Umezawa, T. Baker, A. K. Oram, D. Sauvage, C. O'Sullivan, D. Rauthe-Schoech, A. Montzka, S. A. Zahn, A. Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M. TI Methyl chloride in the upper troposphere observed by the CARIBIC passenger aircraft observatory: Large-scale distributions and Asian summer monsoon outflow SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL GLOBAL-MODEL; EMISSIONS INVENTORY; REACTIVE CHLORINE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; ATMOSPHERE EXCHANGE; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; SOUTHEAST-ASIA AB We present spatial and temporal variations of methyl chloride (CH3Cl) in the upper troposphere (UT) observed mainly by the Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) passenger aircraft for the years 2005-2011. The CH3Cl mixing ratio in the UT over Europe was higher than that observed at a European surface baseline station throughout the year, indicative of a persistent positive vertical gradient at Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes. A series of flights over Africa and South Asia show that CH3Cl mixing ratios increase toward tropical latitudes, and the observed UT CH3Cl level over these two regions and the Atlantic was higher than that measured at remote surface sites. Strong emissions of CH3Cl in the tropics combined with meridional air transport through the UT may explain such vertical and latitudinal gradients. Comparisons with carbon monoxide (CO) data indicate that noncombustion sources in the tropics dominantly contribute to forming the latitudinal gradient of CH3Cl in the UT. We also observed elevated mixing ratios of CH3Cl and CO in air influenced by biomass burning in South America and Africa, and the enhancement ratios derived for CH3Cl to CO in those regions agree with previous observations. In contrast, correlations indicate a high CH3Cl to CO ratio of 2.9 +/- 0.5 ppt ppb(-1) in the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone and domestic biofuel emissions in South Asia are inferred to be responsible. We estimated the CH3Cl emission in South Asia to be 134 +/- 23 Gg Cl yr(-1), which is higher than a previous estimate due to the higher CH3Cl to CO ratio observed in this study. C1 [Umezawa, T.; Baker, A. K.; Sauvage, C.; Rauthe-Schoech, A.; Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Mainz, Germany. [Oram, D.; O'Sullivan, D.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Ctr Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Montzka, S. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Zahn, A.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Umezawa, T (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, Mainz, Germany. EM taku.umezawa@mpic.de RI Zahn, Andreas/K-2567-2012; OI Zahn, Andreas/0000-0003-3153-3451; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400; Umezawa, Taku/0000-0003-1217-7439 FU Lufthansa Airlines; Fraport; German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) FX We are grateful to Lufthansa Airlines and Fraport for their support of the CARIBIC project, and we thank the CARIBIC team members. CARIBIC is part of IAGOS, and we acknowledge funding from the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). The CARIBIC data are available to other parties. We acknowledge J. Elkins and B. Hall for NOAA N2O data, P. Novelli for CO data at the NOAA surface stations, C. Siso for assistance in analyzing NOAA flasks for CH3Cl, and B. Hall for calibration. We also thank additional members of the HIPPO team (particularly E. Atlas, F. Moore, B. Miller, and S. Wofsy) for providing their data. NR 83 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 19 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 9 BP 5542 EP 5558 DI 10.1002/2013JD021396 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AK3QS UT WOS:000338340400034 ER PT J AU Liu, LX Zhou, LX Vaughn, B Miller, JB Brand, WA Rothe, M Xia, LJ AF Liu, Lixin Zhou, LingXi Vaughn, Bruce Miller, John B. Brand, Willi A. Rothe, Michael Xia, LingJun TI Background variations of atmospheric CO2 and carbon-stable isotopes at Waliguan and Shangdianzi stations in China SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AIR-SAMPLING-NETWORK; MOUNT-WALIGUAN; MAUNA-LOA; DIOXIDE; RECORD; RATIO; DISCRIMINATION; FEEDBACKS; TRANSPORT; FEATURES AB Using observational data from 2007 to 2010 at the Waliguan and Shangdianzi stations in China, atmospheric CO2, its delta C-13 composition, and their potential relationship with sources and sinks are studied. Results suggest that at Waliguan (WLG) station, both CO2 and delta C-13 possess long-term trends and seasonal cycles that correlate well with each other. CO2 and delta C-13 interannual variations indicate terrestrial ecosystem source-sink seasonal features in the midlatitude to high-latitude Northern Hemisphere. CO2 annual means vary from 384.0 ppm to 390.2 ppm and increase in an approximately linear manner with a mean annual growth rate of 2.1 +/- 0.1 ppm. The delta C-13 annual means vary from -8.30 parts per thousand to -8.35 parts per thousand and decrease almost linearly with a mean annual rate of -0.02 parts per thousand +/- 0.001 parts per thousand. Under the given conditions of terrestrial biosphere and anthropogenic activities at Shangdianzi (SDZ) station, the CO2 annual means vary from 385.1 ppm to 390.6 ppm and approximately increase linearly with a mean annual growth rate of 1.8 +/- 0.1 ppm. The peak-to-peak annual seasonal amplitude is 23.0 ppm. The delta C-13 annual means vary from -8.27 parts per thousand to -8.36 parts per thousand between 2009 and 2010. Mean values of -25.44 parts per thousand +/- 0.72 parts per thousand and -21.70 parts per thousand +/- 0.67 parts per thousand for the respective sources are obtained at WLG and SDZ. The estimated delta(s) values are more negative in winter and spring than in summer and autumn at WLG. While because substantial C-4 photosynthesis taking place in summer and biomass burning strongly contribute in winter, the estimated delta(s) values at SDZ are unusually heavier throughout the year and more positive than those at WLG. C1 [Liu, Lixin; Zhou, LingXi; Xia, LingJun] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, China Meteorol Adm, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Vaughn, Bruce] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Miller, John B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Miller, John B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brand, Willi A.; Rothe, Michael] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Isotopen & Gaslab, D-07745 Jena, Germany. RP Zhou, LX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, China Meteorol Adm, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM zhoulx@cams.cma.gov.cn RI Brand, Willi/D-2043-2009 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB950601]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40905066, 41175116, 41273097]; International S&T Cooperation Program of the MOST [2011DFA21090]; CMA operational fund [CMAGJ2013M73] FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (grant 2010CB950601), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 40905066, 41175116, and 41273097), and the International S&T Cooperation Program of the MOST (2011DFA21090). This work is also partially supported by the CMA operational fund (CMAGJ2013M73). We thank the staff at Waliguan and Shangdianzi stations for collecting flask air samples. We are also grateful to NOAA ESRL and CU/INSTAAR for their cooperation in flask air sampling and analyzing programs. Willi A. Brand and Michael Rothe are further acknowledged for their help with setting up the IRMS. We also thank Tae-ahn Peninsula in South Korea and Ulaan Uul in Mongoli for providing monthly delta13C of CO2 data from 2007 to 2010. The monthly data are downloaded from the NOAA/ESRL/GMD CCGG cooperative air sampling network and are permitted to be used by the data holder. NR 68 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 19 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 9 BP 5602 EP 5612 DI 10.1002/2013JD019605 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AK3QS UT WOS:000338340400037 ER PT J AU Parrish, DD Lamarque, JF Naik, V Horowitz, L Shindell, DT Staehelin, J Derwent, R Cooper, OR Tanimoto, H Volz-Thomas, A Gilge, S Scheel, HE Steinbacher, M Frohlich, M AF Parrish, D. D. Lamarque, J. -F. Naik, V. Horowitz, L. Shindell, D. T. Staehelin, J. Derwent, R. Cooper, O. R. Tanimoto, H. Volz-Thomas, A. Gilge, S. Scheel, H. -E. Steinbacher, M. Froehlich, M. TI Long-term changes in lower tropospheric baseline ozone concentrations: Comparing chemistry-climate models and observations at northern midlatitudes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT ACCMIP; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; PREINDUSTRIAL; SIMULATIONS; TRENDS; OH AB Two recent papers have quantified long-term ozone (O-3) changes observed at northern midlatitude sites that are believed to represent baseline (here understood as representative of continental to hemispheric scales) conditions. Three chemistry-climate models (NCAR CAM-chem, GFDL-CM3, and GISS-E2-R) have calculated retrospective tropospheric O-3 concentrations as part of the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 model intercomparisons. We present an approach for quantitative comparisons of model results with measurements for seasonally averaged O-3 concentrations. There is considerable qualitative agreement between the measurements and the models, but there are also substantial and consistent quantitative disagreements. Most notably, models (1) overestimate absolute O3 mixing ratios, on average by similar to 5 to 17 ppbv in the year 2000, (2) capture only similar to 50% of O-3 changes observed over the past five to six decades, and little of observed seasonal differences, and (3) capture similar to 25 to 45% of the rate of change of the long-term changes. These disagreements are significant enough to indicate that only limited confidence can be placed on estimates of present-day radiative forcing of tropospheric O-3 derived from modeled historic concentration changes and on predicted future O-3 concentrations. Evidently our understanding of tropospheric O-3, or the incorporation of chemistry and transport processes into current chemical climate models, is incomplete. Modeled O-3 trends approximately parallel estimated trends in anthropogenic emissions of NOx, an important O-3 precursor, while measured O-3 changes increase more rapidly than these emission estimates. C1 [Parrish, D. D.; Cooper, O. R.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Lamarque, J. -F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Naik, V.] NOAA, UCAR, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Horowitz, L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Shindell, D. T.] Natl Aeronaut & Space Agcy, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. [Staehelin, J.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Derwent, R.] Rdscientific, Newbury, Berks, England. [Cooper, O. R.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tanimoto, H.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Volz-Thomas, A.] Forschungszentrum Julich, IEK 8, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Gilge, S.] Hohenpeissenberg Meteorol Observ, German Meteorol Serv, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. [Scheel, H. -E.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IMK IFU, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Steinbacher, M.] Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Froehlich, M.] Environm Agcy, Air Pollut Control & Climate Change Mitigat, Vienna, Austria. RP Parrish, DD (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM David.D.Parrish@noaa.gov RI Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Volz-Thomas, Andreas/J-7223-2012; Tanimoto, Hiroshi/E-6779-2010; Steinbacher, Martin/B-7424-2009; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Volz-Thomas, Andreas/0000-0003-3700-1667; Tanimoto, Hiroshi/0000-0002-5424-9923; Steinbacher, Martin/0000-0002-7195-8115; Derwent, Richard/0000-0003-4498-645X FU National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the U. S. Department of Energy; Global Environment Research Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [S-7-1] FX The CESM project (which includes the CAM-chem model) is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the U. S. Department of Energy. NCAR is operated by the University Corporation of Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. The authors are grateful to the Umweltamt of Graubunden and J. Thudium for providing the Arosa data sets, to the German Umweltbundesamt for providing recent data from Zingst, and to P. G. Simmonds and T. G Spain for providing the Mace Head data, to A. J. Manning for sorting the Mace Head data into baseline and non-baseline observations, to NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, for providing data from Trinidad Head, to U. S. National Park Service 2002 for providing Lassen NP data, and to Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia for providing the Mount Happo and Japanese MBL data. The data analyzed here are available from the sources acknowledged above or the authors themselves. D. Parrish acknowledges support from NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere and Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Programs. H. Tanimoto acknowledges support from the Global Environment Research Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan (S-7-1). NR 42 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 11 U2 97 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 19 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 9 BP 5719 EP 5736 DI 10.1002/2013JD021435 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AK3QS UT WOS:000338340400044 ER PT J AU Cole, GD Yu, PL Gartner, C Siquans, K Nia, RM Schmole, J Hoelscher-Obermaier, J Purdy, TP Wieczorek, W Regal, CA Aspelmeyer, M AF Cole, Garrett D. Yu, Pen-Li Gaertner, Claus Siquans, Karoline Nia, Ramon Moghadas Schmoele, Jonas Hoelscher-Obermaier, Jason Purdy, Thomas P. Wieczorek, Witlef Regal, Cindy A. Aspelmeyer, Markus TI Tensile-strained InxGa1-xP membranes for cavity optomechanics SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; OPTICAL CAVITY; NOISE; LASER AB We investigate the optomechanical properties of tensile-strained ternary InxGa1-xP nanomembranes grown on GaAs. This material system combines the benefits of highly strained membranes, similar to those based on stoichiometric silicon nitride, with the unique properties of thin-film semiconductor single crystals, as previously demonstrated with suspended GaAs. Here, we employ lattice mismatch in epitaxial growth to impart an intrinsic tensile strain to a monocrystalline thin film (approximately 30 nm thick). These structures exhibit mechanical quality factors of 2 x 10(6) or beyond at room temperature and 17 K for eigenfrequencies up to 1 MHz, yielding Q x f products of 2 x 10(12) Hz for a tensile stress of similar to 170MPa. Incorporating such membranes in a high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity, we extract an upper limit to the total optical loss (including both absorption and scatter) of 40 ppm at 1064nm and room temperature. Further reductions of the In content of this alloy will enable tensile stress levels of 1GPa, with the potential for a significant increase in the Q x f product, assuming no deterioration in the mechanical loss at this composition and strain level. This materials system is a promising candidate for the integration of strained semiconductor membrane structures with low-loss semiconductor mirrors and for realizing stacks of membranes for enhanced optomechanical coupling. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Cole, Garrett D.; Gaertner, Claus; Siquans, Karoline; Nia, Ramon Moghadas; Schmoele, Jonas; Hoelscher-Obermaier, Jason; Wieczorek, Witlef; Aspelmeyer, Markus] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, Vienna Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol VCQ, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Yu, Pen-Li; Purdy, Thomas P.; Regal, Cindy A.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yu, Pen-Li; Purdy, Thomas P.; Regal, Cindy A.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yu, Pen-Li; Purdy, Thomas P.; Regal, Cindy A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nia, Ramon Moghadas; Hoelscher-Obermaier, Jason] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Albert Einstein Inst, Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Nia, Ramon Moghadas; Hoelscher-Obermaier, Jason] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Gravitat Phys, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. RP Cole, GD (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, Vienna Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol VCQ, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. EM garrett.cole@univie.ac.at RI Wieczorek, Witlef/D-1869-2010; Yu, Pen-Li/J-5062-2012; Aspelmeyer, Markus/C-4098-2017 OI Wieczorek, Witlef/0000-0003-1847-053X; Yu, Pen-Li/0000-0002-7266-0708; Aspelmeyer, Markus/0000-0003-4499-7335 FU Taiwan Ministry of Education; European Commission through a Marie Curie Fellowship; EC via project ITN cQOM; EC via project iQUOEMS; EC via project SIQS; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [I909, CoQuS W 1210]; European Research Council (ERC StG QOM); Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) [ICT12-049]; U.S. National Science Foundation [1125844] FX G.D.C. acknowledges Robert Yanka and colleagues from IQE North Carolina for growth of the epitaxial structure. The Boulder group thanks R. W. Peterson for insightful discussions. P.-L.Y. thanks the Taiwan Ministry of Education for support, while C. R. thanks the Clare Boothe Luce Foundation. W. W. acknowledges support from the European Commission through a Marie Curie Fellowship. Additional funding is provided by the EC via projects ITN cQOM, iQUOEMS and SIQS, the Austrian Science Fund (FWF Project I909, FWF Doctoral Program CoQuS W 1210), the European Research Council (ERC StG QOM), the Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) under Project ICT12-049, and the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1125844. Microfabrication was carried out at the Zentrum fur Mikro- und Nanostrukturen (ZMNS) of the Technische Universitat Wien. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 19 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 20 AR 201908 DI 10.1063/1.4879755 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AI8EQ UT WOS:000337140800027 ER PT J AU Zhu, CJ Ren, Y Zhao, X Huang, GX Deng, L Hagley, EW AF Zhu, C. J. Ren, Y. Zhao, X. Huang, G. X. Deng, L. Hagley, E. W. TI Highly efficient, broadband coherent surface-mixing-wave generation using amplified surface plasmonic polaritons SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANO; AMPLIFICATION; PROPAGATION; NANOLASER; FUTURE; GUIDE AB We show that coherent broadband surface mixing-wave (SMW) by a hyper-Raman process can be efficiently generated near a metallic surface abutting a quasi-three-level gain medium. The generation process is significantly enhanced by the amplified surface plasmonic polaritons (SPPs) in the gain layer, resulting in rapid growth of both fields. The highly efficient and directional amplified SPP and hyper-Raman SMW may facilitate engineering applications in which amplified-SPP propagation is desirable. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Zhu, C. J.; Deng, L.; Hagley, E. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhu, C. J.; Huang, G. X.] E China Normal Univ, State Key Lab Precis Spect, Shanghai 20006, Peoples R China. [Zhu, C. J.; Huang, G. X.] E China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 20006, Peoples R China. [Ren, Y.; Zhao, X.] Shandong Univ, State Key Lab Crystal Mat, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. RP Zhu, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NSF-China [10874043, 11174048] FX We thank Dr. G. W. Bryant (NIST) and Dr. Z. H. Levine (NIST) for comments and suggestions. G. X. Huang acknowledges the financial support of NSF-China under Grant Nos. 10874043 and 11174048. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 19 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 20 AR 203108 DI 10.1063/1.4878406 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AI8EQ UT WOS:000337140800061 ER PT J AU Kim, YJ Coddington, I Swann, WC Newbury, NR Lee, J Kim, S Kim, SW AF Kim, Young-Jin Coddington, Ian Swann, William C. Newbury, Nathan R. Lee, Joohyung Kim, Seungchul Kim, Seung-Woo TI Time-domain stabilization of carrier-envelope phase in femtosecond light pulses SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID MODE-LOCKED LASERS; FREQUENCY-COMB; TIMING JITTER; FIBER; SYNCHRONIZATION; METROLOGY; OFFSET AB We report a time-domain method of stabilizing the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of femtosecond pulses. Temporal variations of the pulse envelope and the carrier electric-field phase were separately detected with the aid of intensity cross-correlation and interferometric cross-correlation. These detected signals were used to stabilize the CEP; the resulting 50-fold improvement in the fractional stability of the carrier-envelop-offset frequency was evaluated as 1.2 x 10(-11) at 0.1 second averaging periods and 1.7 x 10(-9) at 80 seconds, corresponding to a carrier envelope phase noise of 75 microradians and 10 milliradians, respectively. This method can be realized with a low pulse energy of similar to 10 pJ and does not require subsequent power amplification or spectral broadening. The high efficiency and short-term stability of this method can facilitate the use of femtosecond lasers in the field of industrial surface measurements, telecommunications, and space sciences. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Kim, Young-Jin; Coddington, Ian; Swann, William C.; Newbury, Nathan R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kim, Young-Jin; Lee, Joohyung; Kim, Seungchul; Kim, Seung-Woo] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Inst Opt Sci & Technol, Ultrafast Opt Ultraprecis Grp, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RP Kim, YJ (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM yj.kim@kaist.ac.kr RI Kim, Seung-Woo/C-1854-2011; KIM, YOUNG JIN/E-9374-2011 OI KIM, YOUNG JIN/0000-0002-4271-5771 FU Global Research Network Program; National Space Laboratory (NSL) Program; National Honor Scientist Program - National Research Foundation of the Republic of Korea FX This work was supported by the Global Research Network Program, the National Space Laboratory (NSL) Program, and the National Honor Scientist Program funded by the National Research Foundation of the Republic of Korea. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 30 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 19 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 10 BP 11788 EP 11796 DI 10.1364/OE.22.011788 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA AI6CP UT WOS:000336957700041 PM 24921300 ER PT J AU Chen, K Ciannelli, L Decker, MB Ladd, C Cheng, W Zhou, ZQ Chan, KS AF Chen, Kun Ciannelli, Lorenzo Decker, Mary Beth Ladd, Carol Cheng, Wei Zhou, Ziqian Chan, Kung-Sik TI Reconstructing Source-Sink Dynamics in a Population with a Pelagic Dispersal Phase SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; SETTLEMENT PREFERENCES; MARINE POPULATIONS; LARVAL DISPERSAL; LIFE-HISTORY; NORTH-SEA; IN-SITU; CONNECTIVITY; JELLYFISH; MODEL AB For many organisms, the reconstruction of source-sink dynamics is hampered by limited knowledge of the spatial assemblage of either the source or sink components or lack of information on the strength of the linkage for any source-sink pair. In the case of marine species with a pelagic dispersal phase, these problems may be mitigated through the use of particle drift simulations based on an ocean circulation model. However, when simulated particle trajectories do not intersect sampling sites, the corroboration of model drift simulations with field data is hampered. Here, we apply a new statistical approach for reconstructing source-sink dynamics that overcomes the aforementioned problems. Our research is motivated by the need for understanding observed changes in jellyfish distributions in the eastern Bering Sea since 1990. By contrasting the source-sink dynamics reconstructed with data from the pre-1990 period with that from the post-1990 period, it appears that changes in jellyfish distribution resulted from the combined effects of higher jellyfish productivity and longer dispersal of jellyfish resulting from a shift in the ocean circulation starting in 1991. A sensitivity analysis suggests that the source-sink reconstruction is robust to typical systematic and random errors in the ocean circulation model driving the particle drift simulations. The jellyfish analysis illustrates that new insights can be gained by studying structural changes in source-sink dynamics. The proposed approach is applicable for the spatial source-sink reconstruction of other species and even abiotic processes, such as sediment transport. C1 [Chen, Kun] Univ Connecticut, Dept Stat, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Ciannelli, Lorenzo] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Decker, Mary Beth] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT USA. [Ladd, Carol; Cheng, Wei] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Cheng, Wei] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Zhou, Ziqian; Chan, Kung-Sik] Univ Iowa, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Chan, KS (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM kung-sik-chan@uiowa.edu RI Ladd, Carol/M-6159-2014 OI Ladd, Carol/0000-0003-1065-430X FU US National Science Foundation [NSF-0934617, 0934727, 0934961, DMS-1021292] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the US National Science Foundation(NSF-0934617, 0934727, 0934961 and DMS-1021292) for financial support. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision topublish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 16 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 5 AR e95316 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0095316 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM1NZ UT WOS:000339614800006 PM 24835251 ER PT J AU Kieu, C Tallapragada, V Hogsett, W AF Kieu, Chanh Tallapragada, Vijay Hogsett, Wallace TI Vertical structure of tropical cyclones at onset of the rapid intensification in the HWRF model SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AXISYMMETRICAL NUMERICAL-MODEL; PART II; DIANA 1984; INTENSITY; GENESIS; CYCLOGENESIS; SIMULATIONS; HURRICANES; ATLANTIC; CORE AB In this study, the tropical cyclone structure at the onset of rapid intensification (RI) is examined using the cloud-permitting version of the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecast (HWRF) model. Idealized experiments with different vortex initial vertical structures in different environments show that the HWRF model vortex possesses a specific constraint in the dynamical and thermodynamic structure at the RI onset including (i) a warm anomaly of 1-3 degrees K, (ii) a moist column with relative humidity > 90% within the storm central region, and (iii) low-level tangential flow >= 12 m s(-1). Regardless of vortex structures or environment conditions applied in this study, model vortex does not intensify if the above constraint is not established. Such a requirement in the model moisture and dynamical structure at the RI onset can explain why the RI onset is much delayed in dry experiments as compared to the onset in moist experiments. C1 [Kieu, Chanh; Tallapragada, Vijay] NOAA NWS NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Hogsett, Wallace] NOAA NWS NCEP, Weather Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Kieu, C (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Chanh.Kieu@noaa.gov FU Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP) of NOAA FX The full data set presented in this work is available at NOAA's R&D supercomputer Jet machine at/pan2/projects/hwrfv3/Chanh.Kieu/archive/. Access to this data set can be granted to anyone who has permission to have account on the Jet machine upon request. This work was supported by the Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP) of NOAA. We would like to thank Young Kwon and Weiguo Wang for their help in setting up the idealized experiments with the HWRF model and other HWRF team members for their fruitful discussions. We would like to extend our thanks to David Zelinsky at National Hurricane Center and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments and suggestion, which have helped improve the manuscript substantially. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 9 BP 3298 EP 3306 DI 10.1002/2014GL059584 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AK1SP UT WOS:000338196700040 ER PT J AU Singh, DK AF Singh, D. K. TI Interplay of spin gap and nanoscopic quantum fluctuations in intermetallic CeCu2Ge2 SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-FERMION METALS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; MAGNETIC ORDER; CRITICALITY; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; SYSTEMS AB Neutron scattering measurements are used to elucidate interplay of the field-induced spin gap and the quantum fluctuations in archetypal heavy electron system CeCu2Ge2. A spin gap of Delta = 0.56 meV is found to develop near the field-induced quantum critical state at H-c similar or equal to 8 T-driven by fluctuations of the long range antiferromagnetic order parameter. The superconducting transition temperature in many magnetic superconductors is found to exhibit one-to-one correspondence with the spin gap. In this regard, the demonstration of an interplay of the spin gap with the nanoscopic dynamic correlation provides new arena to explore direct relation between the quantum critical behavior and the unconventional superconductivity, especially in heavy electrons systems. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Singh, D. K.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Singh, DK (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. FU NSF [DMR-0944772] FX This work used facilities supported in part by the NSF under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. I thank A. Thamizhavel, S.K. Dhar, C. Stock, Y. Zhao and S. Chang for their kind help at various stages of the project. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 EI 1873-2429 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD MAY 16 PY 2014 VL 378 IS 26-27 BP 1906 EP 1908 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2014.04.062 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AJ7NU UT WOS:000337884200026 ER PT J AU Barth, JH Panteghini, M Bunk, DM Christenson, RH Katrukha, A Noble, JE Schimmel, H Wang, L Tate, JR AF Barth, J. H. Panteghini, M. Bunk, D. M. Christenson, R. H. Katrukha, A. Noble, J. E. Schimmel, H. Wang, L. Tate, J. R. CA IFCC Working Grp Standardization C TI Recommendation to harmonize the units for reporting cardiac troponin results SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Letter C1 [Barth, J. H.] Leeds Teaching Hosp NHS Trust Leeds Gen Infirm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Panteghini, M.] Univ Milan, Ctr Metrol Traceabil Lab Med CIRME, Milan, Italy. [Bunk, D. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Christenson, R. H.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Katrukha, A.] HyTest Ltd, Turku, Finland. [Noble, J. E.] Natl Phys Lab, Analyt Sci Grp, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Schimmel, H.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Geel, Belgium. [Wang, L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tate, J. R.] Royal Brisbane & Womens Hosp, Dept Chem Pathol, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia. RP Tate, JR (reprint author), Royal Brisbane & Womens Hosp, Dept Chem Pathol, Block 7 Floor 3, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia. EM jill_tate@health.qld.gov.au NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 EI 1873-3492 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD MAY 15 PY 2014 VL 432 SI SI BP 166 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.cca.2013.10.023 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA AK7MG UT WOS:000338611800027 PM 24211729 ER PT J AU Michel, J Rutherford, N AF Michel, Jacqueline Rutherford, Nicolle TI Impacts, recovery rates, and treatment options for spilled oil in marshes SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Marshes; Oil spills; Recovery; Treatment ID CRUDE-OIL; VEGETATION; WETLANDS AB In a review of the literature on impacts of spilled oil on marshes, 32 oil spills and field experiments were identified with sufficient data to generate recovery curves and identify influencing factors controlling the rate of recovery. For many spills, recovery occurred within 1-2 growing seasons, even in the absence of any treatment. Recovery was longest for spills with the following conditions: Cold climate; sheltered settings; thick oil on the marsh surface; light refined products with heavy loading; oils that formed persistent thick residues; and intensive treatment. Recovery was shortest for spills with the following conditions: Warm climate; light to heavy oiling of the vegetation only; medium crude oils; and less-intensive treatment. Recommendations are made for treatment based on the following oiling conditions: Free-floating oil on the water in the marsh; thicker oil (>0.5 cm) on marsh surface; thinner oil (<0.5 cm) on marsh surface; heavy oil loading on vegetation; and light to moderate oil loading on vegetation. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Michel, Jacqueline] Res Planning Inc, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. [Rutherford, Nicolle] NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Michel, J (reprint author), Res Planning Inc, 1121 Pk St, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. EM jmichel@researchplanning.com; nicolle.r.rutherford@noaa.gov FU American Petroleum Institute; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX We greatly appreciate the following scientists who reviewed drafts of this report, in alphabetic order: Rene Bernier, Robert Castle, Robyn Conmy, Rebecca Hoff, Jim Jeansonne, Alan Mearns, Iry Mendelssohn, Ed Owens, Heather Parker, Gary Shigenaka, Ruth Yender, and Scott Zengel. The American Petroleum Institute and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration generously provided funding for this study. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 7 U2 48 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD MAY 15 PY 2014 VL 82 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.03.030 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI2NT UT WOS:000336695900020 PM 24703808 ER PT J AU Kossin, JP Emanuel, KA Vecchi, GA AF Kossin, James P. Emanuel, Kerry A. Vecchi, Gabriel A. TI The poleward migration of the location of tropical cyclone maximum intensity SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; HURRICANE INTENSITY; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; REANALYSIS; TRACKS; TRENDS; ENSO AB Temporally inconsistent and potentially unreliable global historical data hinder the detection of trends in tropical cyclone activity(1-3). This limits our confidence in evaluating proposed linkages between observed trends in tropical cyclones and in the environment(4,5). Here we mitigate this difficulty by focusing on a metric that is comparatively insensitive to past data uncertainty, and identify a pronounced poleward migration in the average latitude at which tropical cyclones have achieved their lifetime-maximum intensity over the past 30 years. The poleward trends are evident in the global historical data in both the Northern and the Southern hemispheres, with rates of 53 and 62 kilometres per decade, respectively, and are statistically significant. When considered together, the trends in each hemisphere depict a global-average migration of tropical cyclone activity away from the tropics at a rate of about one degree of latitude per decade, which lies within the range of estimates of the observed expansion of the tropics over the same period(6). The global migration remains evident and statistically significant under a formal data homogenization procedure(3), and is unlikely to be a data artefact. The migration away from the tropics is apparently linked to marked changes in the mean meridional structure of environmental vertical wind shear and potential intensity, and can plausibly be linked to tropical expansion, which is thought to have anthropogenic contributions(6). C1 [Kossin, James P.] Univ Wisconsin, NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Emanuel, Kerry A.] MIT, Program Atmospheres Oceans & Climate, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Kossin, JP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, CIMSS, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM james.kossin@.noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Kossin, James/C-2022-2016 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794 NR 32 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 7 U2 53 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 15 PY 2014 VL 509 IS 7500 BP 349 EP + DI 10.1038/nature13278 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AH4TM UT WOS:000336121200036 PM 24828193 ER PT J AU Kessler, EM Komar, P Bishof, M Jiang, L Sorensen, AS Ye, J Lukin, MD AF Kessler, E. M. Komar, P. Bishof, M. Jiang, L. Sorensen, A. S. Ye, J. Lukin, M. D. TI Heisenberg-Limited Atom Clocks Based on Entangled Qubits SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY STANDARDS; PHASE; STABILITY; METROLOGY AB We present a quantum-enhanced atomic clock protocol based on groups of sequentially larger Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states that achieves the best clock stability allowed by quantum theory up to a logarithmic correction. Importantly the protocol is designed to work under realistic conditions where the drift of the phase of the laser interrogating the atoms is the main source of decoherence. The simultaneous interrogation of the laser phase with a cascade of GHZ states realizes an incoherent version of the phase estimation algorithm that enables Heisenberg-limited operation while extending the coherent interrogation time beyond the laser noise limit. We compare and merge the new protocol with existing state of the art interrogation schemes, and identify the precise conditions under which entanglement provides an advantage for clock stabilization: it allows a significant gain in the stability for short averaging time. C1 [Kessler, E. M.; Komar, P.; Lukin, M. D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kessler, E. M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bishof, M.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jiang, L.] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Sorensen, A. S.] Niels Bohr Inst, Danish Natl Res Fdn Ctr Quantum Opt, QUANTOP, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Kessler, EM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Kessler, Eric Matthias/E-6981-2012; Sorensen, Anders/L-1868-2013; Jiang, Liang/A-9847-2008 OI Kessler, Eric Matthias/0000-0001-9959-538X; Sorensen, Anders/0000-0003-1337-9163; Jiang, Liang/0000-0002-0000-9342 FU NSF; CUA; ITAMP; HQOC; JILA PFC; NIST; DARPA QUSAR; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Quiness programs; ARO MURI; ERC grant QIOS [306576]; NDSEG; NSF GRFP FX We are grateful to Till Rosenband, Vladan Vuletic, and Johannes Borregaard for enlightening discussions. This work was supported by NSF, CUA, ITAMP, HQOC, JILA PFC, NIST, DARPA QUSAR, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Quiness programs, ARO MURI, and the ERC grant QIOS (Grant No. 306576); M. B. acknowledges support from NDSEG and NSF GRFP. E. M. K. and P. K. contributed equally to this work. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 35 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 19 AR 190403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.190403 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AH1NV UT WOS:000335888700001 PM 24877919 ER PT J AU Walsh, LA Hurley, PK Lin, J Cockayne, E O'Regan, TP Woicik, JC Hughes, G AF Walsh, Lee A. Hurley, Paul K. Lin, Jun Cockayne, Eric O'Regan, T. P. Woicik, Joseph C. Hughes, Greg TI A spectroscopic method for the evaluation of surface passivation treatments on metal-oxide-semiconductor structures SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Semiconductor Surface Passivation (SSP) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Silesian Univ Technol, Inst Elect, Krakow, POLAND SP European Ctr Excellence Phys & Technol Semicond Interfaces & Sensors, Polish Vacuum Soc, SPECS, Uni Export Instruments HO Silesian Univ Technol, Inst Elect DE Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Electrical characterisation; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Surface passivation ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; P-B CENTERS; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; VALENCE-BAND; IN-SITU; INTERFACES; SILICON; LEVEL; PHOTOEMISSION; PHOTOVOLTAGE AB Combined hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) and electrical characterisation measurements have been shown to provide complementary information on the electrical performance of Si and GaAs based metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures. The results obtained indicate that surface potential changes at the semiconductor/dielectric interface due to the presence of different work function metals can be detected from HAXPES measurements. Changes in the semiconductor band bending at zero gate voltage and the flat band voltage values derived from C-V measurements are in agreement with the semiconductor core level shifts measured from the HAXPES spectra. These results highlight the potential application of this measurement approach in the evaluation of the efficacy of surface passivation treatments: HAXPES hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; C-V capacitance voltage; D-it-interface state density; BE binding energy, at reducing defect states densities in MOS structures. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Walsh, Lee A.; Hughes, Greg] Dublin City Univ, Sch Phys Sci, Dublin 9, Ireland. [Hurley, Paul K.; Lin, Jun] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Tyndall Natl Inst, Cork, Ireland. [Cockayne, Eric; Woicik, Joseph C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [O'Regan, T. P.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Walsh, LA (reprint author), Dublin City Univ, Sch Phys Sci, Dublin 9, Ireland. EM lee.walsh36@mail.dcu.ie OI Hughes, Greg/0000-0003-1310-8961; Hughes, Gregory/0000-0002-1358-9032 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 EI 1873-5584 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD MAY 15 PY 2014 VL 301 SI SI BP 40 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.01.208 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA AG0HD UT WOS:000335095600008 ER PT J AU Podpaly, YA Gillaspy, JD Reader, J Ralchenko, Y AF Podpaly, Y. A. Gillaspy, J. D. Reader, J. Ralchenko, Yu TI EUV measurements of Kr XXI-Kr XXXIV and the effect of a magnetic-dipole line on allowed transitions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic physics; EUV spectroscopy; plasma diagnostics; highly charged ions; electron beam ion trap; krypton ID BEAM ION-TRAP; HELIUM-LIKE KRYPTON; JET TOKAMAK; NA-LIKE; SPECTRA; DIAGNOSTICS; MO; CU; SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGIES AB We observed and analysed the extreme-ultraviolet spectra of highly charged ions of Kr XXI-Kr XXXIV produced in an electron beam ion trap (EBIT). The beam energies varied between 1.1 and 30 keV, and the wavelengths were observed between 3 and 17.3 nm with uncertainties of similar to 0.003 nm. Six new lines were identified, and wavelength uncertainties have been improved for twelve additional transitions. It was found that a line intensity ratio for allowed transitions 3s(2)3p-3s(2)3d in Al-like Kr XXIV strongly deviated from predictions based on statistical weighting of the excited levels. Collisional-radiative modelling showed that this effect, which is due to the magnetic-dipole transition within the ground configuration 3s(2)3p, offers sensitive diagnostics of electron density in the regime of interest to fusion tokamaks, EBITs, and other low-density plasmas. C1 [Podpaly, Y. A.; Gillaspy, J. D.; Reader, J.; Ralchenko, Yu] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Podpaly, YA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yuri.podpaly@nist.gov RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 FU Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy; National Institute of Standards and Technology National Research Council Research Associateship Program FX This work is funded in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy. YP is supported by a postdoctoral appointment with the National Institute of Standards and Technology National Research Council Research Associateship Program. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2014 VL 47 IS 9 AR 095702 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/47/9/095702 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AF8XN UT WOS:000334999100015 ER PT J AU Greenlee, LF Freeman, BD Lawler, DF AF Greenlee, Lauren F. Freeman, Benny D. Lawler, Desmond F. TI Ozonation of phosphonate antiscalants used for reverse osmosis desalination: Parameter effects on the extent of oxidation SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Phosphonate; Antiscalant; Ozone; Hydroxyl radical; Reverse osmosis desalination; Calcium complexation ID EARTH-METAL-IONS; ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC ACID EDTA; OZONE DECOMPOSITION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; BRACKISH-WATER; WASTE-WATER; COMPLEXES; PH; RO; NITRILOTRIACETATE AB The recovery of usable product water in brackish water reverse osmosis (RO) desalination is limited by the potential for membrane scaling. This limited recovery results in high costs of disposal of the concentrate (waste) stream. Concentrate treatment to improve recovery is vital, and treatment that includes antiscalant oxidation prior to precipitation and solid/liquid separation might allow increased precipitation through antiscalant deactivation. Ozone and hydrogen peroxide were used to oxidize phosphonate-type antiscalants under varying conditions of water composition, pH, ozone dose, and antiscalant type; orthophosphate (P) is an oxidation product and was used to measure the extent of oxidation. Antiscalant oxidation increases with ozone dose (1-10 rng/L O-3) and in the presence of calcium, from 1 mg/L P to 7 mg/L P for an antiscalant concentration of 27 mg/L as P. The addition of hydrogen peroxide causes only minor increases in antiscalant oxidation. The extent of oxidation varies with pH as a function of metal-ligand speciation, with the doubly-protonated metal-ligand species dominating the reactivity of the antiscalant. In the presence of calcium, the primary oxidation pathway for phosphonate antiscalants is through direct reaction with ozone (70-80% of measured P). In the absence of calcium, ozone and hydroxyl radicals appear to contribute relatively equally to oxidation. These results suggest phosphonate antiscalants can be oxidized with relatively low ozone doses, thereby deactivating the chelating behavior of the antiscalant and allowing increased precipitation of scaling salts such as calcium and magnesium. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Greenlee, Lauren F.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Freeman, Benny D.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Energy & Environm Resources, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Lawler, Desmond F.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Greenlee, LF (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway,MS 647, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lauren.greenlee@nist.gov RI Freeman, Benny/G-5405-2016; OI Freeman, Benny/0000-0003-2779-7788; Greenlee, Lauren/0000-0001-6147-1533 FU U.S. National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship; International Research and Education in Engineering programs [CBET 0553957]; Water Research Foundation [4061] FX The authors thank the U.S. National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and International Research and Education in Engineering programs for funding (CBET 0553957). The authors acknowledge the Water Research Foundation (Project #4061). The views herein are those of the authors and not of NSF or WaterRF. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1385-8947 EI 1873-3212 J9 CHEM ENG J JI Chem. Eng. J. PD MAY 15 PY 2014 VL 244 BP 505 EP 513 DI 10.1016/j.cej.2014.02.002 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA AE6UY UT WOS:000334134700060 ER PT J AU Outcalt, SL AF Outcalt, Stephanie L. TI Compressed-liquid density measurements of three alternative turbine fuels SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Alternative fuel; Compressed liquid; Density; Hydro-processed chicken fat; Vibrating-tube densimeter ID EQUATION; SPEED; SOUND; JET AB Compressed-liquid densities of three alternative turbine fuels have been measured with a vibrating U-tube densimeter. The measurements were made from 270 K to 470 K, and 0.5 MPa to 50 MPa and have an overall combined uncertainty of 0.81 kg m(-3). Each of the fuels was derived from a very different source; one from hydroprocessed chicken fat, the second from the dimerized components of crude turpentine, and the third was synthesized from natural gas in a Fischer-Tropsch process. The data have been correlated with a Tait equation within their experimental uncertainty. Equation parameters are given for each fuel. Results of the measurements presented here are compared with previously measured densities of Jet-A, JP-8 and JP-10. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Outcalt, SL (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Outcalt@Boulder.NIST.Gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 EI 1873-7153 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD MAY 15 PY 2014 VL 124 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.01.081 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AC3GH UT WOS:000332403600001 ER PT J AU Skripov, AV Paul-Boncour, V Udovic, TJ Rush, JJ AF Skripov, A. V. Paul-Boncour, V. Udovic, T. J. Rush, J. J. TI Hydrogen dynamics in Laves-phase hydride YFe2H2.6: Inelastic and quasielastic neutron scattering studies SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Metal hydrides; Diffusion; Inelastic neutron scattering ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; YFE2-D-2 SYSTEM; C15-TYPE YMN2HX; DIFFRACTION; DEUTERIUM; MOTION; ER AB The vibrational spectrum of hydrogen and the parameters of H jump motion in the C15-type compound YFe2H2.6 have been studied by means of inelastic and quasielastic neutron scattering. It is found that hydrogen atoms occupying tetrahedral interstitial g (Y2Fe2) sites participate in the fast localized jump motion. The behavior of the elastic incoherent structure factor as a function of momentum transfer (measured up to Q(max) approximate to 4 angstrom (1)) is consistent with the two-site motion of H atoms within pairs of closely spaced g sites. In the studied T range of 140-390 K, the temperature dependence of the jump rate of this localized motion is found to be non-Arrhenius; however, it can be described by two Arrhenius-like terms with the activation energies of 42 and 10 meV in the ranges 295-390 K and 140-240 K, respectively. Our results also indicate that hydrogen dynamics in YFe2H2.6 is affected by considerable local lattice distortions resulting from hydrogenation of YFe2. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Skripov, A. V.; Rush, J. J.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Ural Branch, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia. [Paul-Boncour, V.] CNRS, CMTR, Inst Chem & Mat Paris East, F-94320 Thiais, France. [Paul-Boncour, V.] UPAC, F-94320 Thiais, France. [Udovic, T. J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rush, J. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Skripov, AV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Ural Branch, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia. EM skripov@imp.uran.ru RI Skripov, Alexander/K-4525-2013 OI Skripov, Alexander/0000-0002-0610-5538 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; Russian Academy of Sciences [12-P-2-1050]; NIST Center for Neutron Research FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement no. DMR-0944772. This work was also supported by the Priority Program 12-P-2-1050 'Physico-technical principles of development of technologies and devices for smart adaptive electrical networks' of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A.V.S acknowledges financial support from the NIST Center for Neutron Research. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 EI 1873-4669 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD MAY 15 PY 2014 VL 595 BP 28 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.01.154 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AC3ED UT WOS:000332396900005 ER PT J AU Sacui, IA Nieuwendaal, RC Burnett, DJ Stranick, SJ Jorfi, M Weder, C Foster, EJ Olsson, RT Gilman, JW AF Sacui, Iulia A. Nieuwendaal, Ryan C. Burnett, Daniel J. Stranick, Stephan J. Jorfi, Mehdi Weder, Christoph Foster, E. Johan Olsson, Richard T. Gilman, Jeffery W. TI Comparison of the Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Cellulose Nanofibrils Isolated from Bacteria, Tunicate, and Wood Processed Using Acid, Enzymatic, Mechanical, and Oxidative Methods SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE nanocellulose; AFM; TEM; NMR; IGC; Raman; fluorescence ID INVERSE GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TEMPO-MEDIATED OXIDATION; FT-RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; NATIVE CELLULOSE; REINFORCED NANOCOMPOSITES; SURFACE-PROPERTIES; NATURAL FIBERS; MICROFIBRILS; WHISKERS AB This work describes the measurement and comparison of several important properties of native cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), such as crystallinity, morphology, aspect ratio, and surface chemistry. Measurement of the fundamental properties of seven different CNCs/CNFs, from raw material sources (bacterial, tunicate, and wood) using typical hydrolysis conditions (acid, enzymatic, mechanical, and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidiny1-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation), was accomplished using a variety of measurement methods. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and C-13 cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were used to conclude that CNCs, which are rodlike in appearance, have a higher crystallinity than CNFs, which are fibrillar in appearance. CNC aspect ratio distributions were measured and ranged from 148 +/- 147 for tunicate-CNCs to 23 +/- 12 for wood-CNCs. Hydrophobic interactions, measured using inverse gas chromatography (IGC), were found to be an important contribution to the total surface energy of both types of cellulose. In all cases, a trace amount of naturally occurring fluorescent compounds was observed after hydrolysis. Confocal and Raman microscopy were used to confirm that the fluorescent species were unique for each cellulose source, and demonstrated that such methods can be useful for monitoring purity during CNC/CNF processing. This study reveals the broad, tunable, multidimensional material space in which CNCs and CNFs exist. C1 [Sacui, Iulia A.; Nieuwendaal, Ryan C.; Gilman, Jeffery W.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stranick, Stephan J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sacui, Iulia A.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Burnett, Daniel J.] Surface Measurement Syst LTD, NA, Allentown, PA 18103 USA. [Jorfi, Mehdi; Weder, Christoph; Foster, E. Johan] Univ Fribourg, Adolphe Merkle Inst, CH-1723 Marly, Switzerland. [Olsson, Richard T.] Royal Inst Technol, Sch Chem Sci & Engn, Dept Fibre & Polymer Technol WWSC, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Gilman, JW (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.gilman@nist.gov RI Foster, Johan/B-5270-2017; OI Foster, Johan/0000-0002-4103-8510; Merkle Institute, Adolphe/0000-0002-6220-424X; Jorfi, Mehdi/0000-0003-4724-6190 FU AFOSR [MIPR F1ATA03239G001 A1]; Swiss National Science Foundation (NRP 62: Smart Materials) [406240_126046]; Lars-Erik Thunholms Foundation FX AFOSR (MIPR F1ATA03239G001 A1). Swiss National Science Foundation (NRP 62: Smart Materials, Nr. 406240_126046). Lars-Erik Thunholms Foundation for promotion of scientific research. NR 74 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 11 U2 167 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD MAY 14 PY 2014 VL 6 IS 9 BP 6127 EP 6138 DI 10.1021/am500359f PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AH4CV UT WOS:000336075300014 PM 24746103 ER PT J AU Choi, T Debnath, S Manning, TA Figgatt, C Gong, ZX Duan, LM Monroe, C AF Choi, T. Debnath, S. Manning, T. A. Figgatt, C. Gong, Z. -X. Duan, L. -M. Monroe, C. TI Optimal Quantum Control of Multimode Couplings between Trapped Ion Qubits for Scalable Entanglement SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATION; CRYSTALS; STATES; GATES AB We demonstrate entangling quantum gates within a chain of five trapped ion qubits by optimally shaping optical fields that couple to multiple collective modes of motion. We individually address qubits with segmented optical pulses to construct multipartite entangled states in a programmable way. This approach enables high-fidelity gates that can be scaled to larger qubit registers for quantum computation and simulation. C1 [Choi, T.; Debnath, S.; Manning, T. A.; Figgatt, C.; Gong, Z. -X.; Monroe, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Choi, T.; Debnath, S.; Manning, T. A.; Figgatt, C.; Gong, Z. -X.; Monroe, C.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gong, Z. -X.; Duan, L. -M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Choi, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM tchoi12@umd.edu RI Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011; Gong, Zhexuan/G-4348-2016 FU U.S. Army Research Office (ARO) Award [W911NF0710576]; DARPA Optical Lattice Emulator Program; ARO [W911NF0410234]; IARPA MQCO Program; ARO MURI Award [W911NF0910406]; NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI FX This work is supported by the U.S. Army Research Office (ARO) Award No. W911NF0710576 with funds from the DARPA Optical Lattice Emulator Program, ARO Award No. W911NF0410234 with funds from the IARPA MQCO Program, ARO MURI Award No. W911NF0910406, and the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 14 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 19 AR 190502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.190502 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AH2CR UT WOS:000335928800002 PM 24877921 ER PT J AU Schroeder, BC Rossbauer, S Kline, RJ Biniek, L Watkins, SE Anthopoulos, TD McCulloch, I Nielsen, CB AF Schroeder, Bob C. Rossbauer, Stephan Kline, R. Joseph Biniek, Laure Watkins, Scott E. Anthopoulos, Thomas D. McCulloch, Iain Nielsen, Christian B. TI Benzotrithiophene Copolymers: Influence of Molecular Packing and Energy Levels on Charge Carrier Mobility SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID REGIOREGULAR POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); PERFORMANCE; POLYTHIOPHENES; TRANSISTORS; POLYMERS; DENSITY AB The planar benzotrithiophene unit (BTT) was incorporated into four different donor polymers, and by systematically changing the nature and positioning of the solubilizing alkyl side chains along the conjugated backbone, the polymers' frontier energy levels and optoelectronic properties were controlled. Reducing the steric hindrance along the polymer backbone lead to strong interchain aggregation and highly ordered thin films, achieving hole mobilities of 0.04 cm2/(V s) in organic thin film transistors. In an attempt to increase the polymer's processability and reduce chain aggregation, steric hindrance between alkyl side chains was exploited. As a result of the increased solubility, the film forming properties of the polymer could be improved, but at the cost of reduced hole mobilities in OFET devices, due to the lack of long-range order in the polymer films. C1 [Schroeder, Bob C.; Biniek, Laure; McCulloch, Iain; Nielsen, Christian B.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Schroeder, Bob C.; Rossbauer, Stephan; Biniek, Laure; Anthopoulos, Thomas D.; McCulloch, Iain; Nielsen, Christian B.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Plast Elect, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Rossbauer, Stephan; Anthopoulos, Thomas D.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Kline, R. Joseph] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Watkins, Scott E.] CSIRO Mat Sci & Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3169, Australia. RP Schroeder, BC (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM b.schroeder10@imperial.ac.uk RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Watkins, Scott/C-7463-2009; Schroeder, Bob/D-8855-2012; OI Watkins, Scott/0000-0002-6058-9895; McCulloch, Iain/0000-0002-6340-7217 FU EPSRC from the Centre for Plastic Electronics at Imperial College London [EP/F056710/1, EP/G037515/1]; National Research Fund of Luxembourg FX The authors acknowledge the Imperial College High Performance Computing Service for providing the computing facilities to perform the quantum-mechanical calculations and Dr. Alexandra Simperler from NSCCS for helpful discussions and suggestions with the quantum chemical calculations. This work was in part carried out under the EPSRC Project EP/F056710/1 and EP/G037515/1 with support from the Centre for Plastic Electronics at Imperial College London and the National Research Fund of Luxembourg. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a Directorate of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Stanford University.22 NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 13 PY 2014 VL 47 IS 9 BP 2883 EP 2890 DI 10.1021/ma500163u PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AH3KA UT WOS:000336020900014 ER PT J AU Myers, GA Hazra, SS de Boer, MP Michaels, CA Stranick, SJ Koseski, RP Cook, RF DelRio, FW AF Myers, Grant A. Hazra, Siddharth S. de Boer, Maarten P. Michaels, Chris A. Stranick, Stephan J. Koseski, Ryan P. Cook, Robert F. DelRio, Frank W. TI Stress mapping of micromachined polycrystalline silicon devices via confocal Raman microscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; THETA-LIKE SPECIMENS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY; POLYSILICON FILMS; FRACTURE STRENGTH; POROUS SILICON; SPECTROSCOPY; MEMBRANES; SIZE AB Stress mapping of micromachined polycrystalline silicon devices with components in various levels of uniaxial tension was performed. Confocal Raman microscopy was used to form two-dimensional maps of Raman spectral shifts, which exhibited variations on the scale of the component and on the scale of the microstructure. Finite element analysis models enabled direct comparison of the spatial variation in the measured shifts to that of the predicted stresses. The experimental shifts and model stresses were found to be linearly related in the uniaxial segment, with a proportionality constant in good agreement with calculations based on an opto-mechanical polycrystalline averaging analysis. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Myers, Grant A.; Michaels, Chris A.; Stranick, Stephan J.; Koseski, Ryan P.; Cook, Robert F.; DelRio, Frank W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hazra, Siddharth S.; de Boer, Maarten P.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP DelRio, FW (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM frank.delrio@nist.gov RI de Boer, Maarten/C-1525-2013 OI de Boer, Maarten/0000-0003-1574-9324 NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 12 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 19 AR 191908 DI 10.1063/1.4878616 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AI5ON UT WOS:000336918600026 ER PT J AU Manzoni, MT Reiter, F Taylor, JM Sorensen, AS AF Manzoni, Marco T. Reiter, Florentin Taylor, Jacob M. Sorensen, Anders S. TI Single-photon transistor based on superconducting systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM; ATOM; GENERATION; PLASMONS; QUBITS; SWITCH; STATE; GATE AB We present a scheme for a single-photon transistor which can be implemented with only minor modifications of existing superconducting circuits. The proposal employs a three-level anharmonic ladder atom, e. g., a transmon qubit, placed in a cavity to mimic a Lambda-type atom with two long-lived states. This configuration may enable a wide range of effects originally studied in quantum optical systems to be realized in superconducting systems, and in particular allow for single-photon transistors. We study analytically and numerically the efficiency and the gain of the proposed transistor as a function of the experimental parameters, in particular of the level anharmonicity and of the various decay and decoherence rates. State-of-the-art values for these parameters indicate that error probabilities of similar to 1% and gains of the order of hundreds can be obtained. C1 [Manzoni, Marco T.; Reiter, Florentin; Sorensen, Anders S.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, QUANTOP Danish Quantum Opt Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Manzoni, Marco T.] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Manzoni, Marco T.] ICFO Inst Ciencies Foton, Castelldefels 08860, Barcelona, Spain. [Taylor, Jacob M.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Manzoni, MT (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, QUANTOP Danish Quantum Opt Ctr, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. EM anders.sorensen@nbi.dk RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; Sorensen, Anders/L-1868-2013; Reiter, Florentin/E-3820-2015; OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; Sorensen, Anders/0000-0003-1337-9163; Reiter, Florentin/0000-0002-5217-3064; Manzoni, Marco/0000-0001-7254-1736 FU European Research Council [306576]; Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes; international PhD-fellowship program "la Caixa-Severo Ochoa."; NSF through the Physics Frontier Center; U.S. Army Research Office Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative [W911NF0910406] FX We thank Michael Foss-Feig for useful comments on the manuscript. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement No. 306576, from the Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes, and from the international PhD-fellowship program "la Caixa-Severo Ochoa." J.M.T. thanks E. Waks, M. Hafezi, and P. Kwiat for illuminating conversations, and the kind hospitality of the NBI during his visit. Funding is provided by the NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at the JQI and U.S. Army Research Office Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative Award No. W911NF0910406. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 12 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 18 AR 180502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.180502 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AH1WM UT WOS:000335912400002 ER PT J AU Eberle, APR Martys, N Porcar, L Kline, SR George, WL Kim, JM Butler, PD Wagner, NJ AF Eberle, Aaron P. R. Martys, Nicos Porcar, Lionel Kline, Steven R. George, William L. Kim, Jung M. Butler, Paul D. Wagner, Norman J. TI Shear viscosity and structural scalings in model adhesive hard-sphere gels SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; COLLOIDAL GELS; DISPERSIONS; FLOW; MICROSTRUCTURE; SUSPENSIONS; RHEOLOGY; EVOLUTION; STRESSES; GELATION AB We present experiments and simulations that show a fundamental scaling for both the rheology and microstructure of flowing gels. Unique flow-SANS measurements demonstrate that the structure orients along both the neutral and compression axis. We quantify the anisotropy using a single parameter, alpha(n), that scales by a dimensionless number, M', that arises from a force balance on a particle. Simulations support the scalings and confirm the results are independent of the shape and range of the potential suggesting a universal for colloidal gels with short-ranged attractions. C1 [Eberle, Aaron P. R.; Kline, Steven R.; Butler, Paul D.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Eberle, Aaron P. R.; Kim, Jung M.; Wagner, Norman J.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Neutron Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Eberle, Aaron P. R.; Kim, Jung M.; Wagner, Norman J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Martys, Nicos] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, Large Scale Struct Grp, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [George, William L.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Eberle, APR (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Wagner, Norman/B-6558-2012; Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011; Kim, Jung Min/H-4043-2014 OI Wagner, Norman/0000-0001-9565-619X; Kim, Jung Min/0000-0001-6210-4540 FU National Academy of Science through a NRC; NSF [DMR-0944772]; NIST, US Department of Commerce [70NANB10H256] FX The authors thank Yun Liu, Robert Leheny, and Jan Mewis for discussion. The funding for A.E. was provided by the National Academy of Science through a NRC postdoctoral fellowship. We acknowledge support from the NSF (DMR-0944772), and the Institut Laue-Langevin for access to SANS instruments. This manuscript was prepared in part under cooperative agreement 70NANB10H256 from NIST, US Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of NIST or the US Department of Commerce. The identification of any commercial product or trade name within this paper does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the bests available for the purpose. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 53 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 EI 1550-2376 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY 12 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 5 AR 050302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.89.050302 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA AH1YJ UT WOS:000335917500002 PM 25353728 ER PT J AU Sobolewska, MA Siemiginowska, A Kelly, BC Nalewajko, K AF Sobolewska, M. A. Siemiginowska, A. Kelly, B. C. Nalewajko, K. TI STOCHASTIC MODELING OF THE FERMI/LAT gamma-RAY BLAZAR VARIABILITY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; BL Lacertae objects: general; galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; gamma rays: galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DAMPED RANDOM-WALK; OPTICAL VARIABILITY; TIMING PROPERTIES; TERM VARIABILITY; TEV VARIABILITY; BLACK-HOLES; HARD STATE; COMPONENTS; GALAXIES AB We study the gamma-ray variability of 13 blazars observed with the Fermi/Large Area Telescope (LAT). These blazars have the most complete light curves collected during the first four years of the Fermi sky survey. We model them with the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process or a mixture of the OU processes. The OU process has power spectral density (PSD) proportional to 1/f(alpha) with alpha changing at a characteristic timescale, tau(0), from 0 (tau >> tau(0)) to 2 (tau << tau(0)). The PSD of the mixed OU process has two characteristic timescales and an additional intermediate region with 0 < alpha < 2. We show that the OU model provides a good description of the Fermi/LAT light curves of three blazars in our sample. For the first time, we constrain a characteristic gamma-ray timescale of variability in two BL Lac sources, 3C 66A and PKS 2155-304 (tau(0) similar or equal to 25 days and tau 0 similar or equal to 43 days, respectively, in the observer's frame), which are longer than the soft X-ray timescales detected in blazars and Seyfert galaxies. We find that the mixed OU process approximates the light curves of the remaining 10 blazars better than the OU process. We derive limits on their long and short characteristic timescales, and infer that their Fermi/LAT PSD resemble power-law functions. We constrain the PSD slopes for all but one source in the sample. We find hints for sub-hour Fermi/LAT variability in four flat spectrum radio quasars. We discuss the implications of our results for theoretical models of blazar variability. C1 [Sobolewska, M. A.; Siemiginowska, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sobolewska, M. A.] Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. [Kelly, B. C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93107 USA. [Nalewajko, K.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nalewajko, K.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sobolewska, MA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM malgosia@camk.edu.pl FU Fermi grant [NNX11AO45G]; NASA [NAS8-03060]; Polish National Science Center [2011/03/B/ST9/03281]; NASA through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship [PF3-140112] FX This research made use of data obtained with the Fermi Gamma-Ray Observatory. The authors thank Mitch Begelman and James Chiang for discussions and comments, and the anonymous referee for reviewing our manuscript. Partial support for this work was provided by the Fermi grant NNX11AO45G and by NASA contract NAS8-03060. M.A.S. was partially supported by the Polish National Science Center grant No. 2011/03/B/ST9/03281. K.N. was supported by NASA through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship grant No. PF3-140112 awarded by the Chandra X-ray Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for NASA under contract NAS8-03060. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2014 VL 786 IS 2 AR 143 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/786/2/143 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AH1MI UT WOS:000335884500066 ER PT J AU Loh, W Del'Haye, P Papp, SB Diddams, SA AF Loh, William Del'Haye, Pascal Papp, Scott B. Diddams, Scott A. TI Phase and coherence of optical microresonator frequency combs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID GENERATION; METROLOGY AB We use a combination of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and experimental measurement to investigate the near-threshold phase and coherence properties of parametric optical frequency combs generated in low-loss dielectric microresonators. Our analysis reveals that near threshold the phases of the comb lines do not stabilize to a constant value across the spectrum, although well-defined phase relationships relative to the pump laser do exist. Our results are supported by numerical simulations of two different microresonator combs operated under varying conditions of input drive, dispersion, and detuning. These results are also experimentally confirmed through phase measurements of the individual comb lines. We also investigate the processes leading to the breakdown of the equidistant frequency spacing of the modes in a microresonator comb. C1 [Loh, William; Del'Haye, Pascal; Papp, Scott B.; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Loh, W (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM william.loh@nist.gov RI Del'Haye, Pascal/G-2588-2016 OI Del'Haye, Pascal/0000-0002-6517-6942 FU NIST; DARPA QuASAR; AFOSR; NRC/NAS FX This work was funded by NIST, DARPA QuASAR, and AFOSR. W.L. acknowledges support from the NRC/NAS. This work is a contribution of the US Government and is not subject to copyright in the US. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY 9 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 5 AR 053810 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.053810 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AH3CH UT WOS:000335998300011 ER PT J AU Fobes, D Zaliznyak, IA Xu, ZJ Zhong, RD Gu, GD Tranquada, JM Harriger, L Singh, D Garlea, VO Lumsden, M Winn, B AF Fobes, David Zaliznyak, Igor A. Xu, Zhijun Zhong, Ruidan Gu, Genda Tranquada, John M. Harriger, Leland Singh, Deepak Garlea, V. Ovidiu Lumsden, Mark Winn, Barry TI Ferro-Orbital Ordering Transition in Iron Telluride Fe1+yTe SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB Fe1+yTe with y less than or similar to 0.05 exhibits a first-order phase transition on cooling to a state with a lowered structural symmetry, bicollinear antiferromagnetic order, and metallic conductivity, dp/dT > 0. Here, we study samples with y = 0.09(1), where the frustration effects of the interstitial Fe decouple different orders, leading to a sequence of transitions. While the lattice distortion is closely followed by incommensurate magnetic order, the development of bicollinear order and metallic electronic coherence is uniquely associated with a separate hysteretic first-order transition, at a markedly lower temperature, to a phase with dramatically enhanced bond-order wave (BOW) order. The BOW state suggests ferro-orbital ordering, where electronic delocalization in ferromagnetic zigzag chains decreases local spin and results in metallic transport. C1 [Fobes, David; Zaliznyak, Igor A.; Xu, Zhijun; Zhong, Ruidan; Gu, Genda; Tranquada, John M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, CMPMSD, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Harriger, Leland; Singh, Deepak] NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Garlea, V. Ovidiu; Lumsden, Mark; Winn, Barry] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, QCMD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fobes, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, CMPMSD, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dfobes@bnl.gov; zaliznyak@bnl.gov RI Fobes, David/E-8526-2014; xu, zhijun/A-3264-2013; Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; Zhong, Ruidan/D-5296-2013; Winn, Barry/A-5065-2016; Garlea, Vasile/A-4994-2016; Lumsden, Mark/F-5366-2012 OI Fobes, David/0000-0001-8252-2061; xu, zhijun/0000-0001-7486-2015; Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; Zhong, Ruidan/0000-0003-1652-9454; Winn, Barry/0000-0001-6383-4318; Garlea, Vasile/0000-0002-5322-7271; Lumsden, Mark/0000-0002-5472-9660 FU Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Work at BNL was supported by the Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Research conducted at ORNL's High Flux Isotope Reactor and Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. We acknowledge the support of NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 37 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 9 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 18 AR 187202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.187202 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AH1GI UT WOS:000335867400007 PM 24856717 ER PT J AU Ueland, BG Kreyssig, A Prokes, K Lynn, JW Harriger, LW Pratt, DK Singh, DK Heitmann, TW Sauerbrei, S Saunders, SM Mun, ED Bud'ko, SL McQueeney, RJ Canfield, PC Goldman, AI AF Ueland, B. G. Kreyssig, A. Prokes, K. Lynn, J. W. Harriger, L. W. Pratt, D. K. Singh, D. K. Heitmann, T. W. Sauerbrei, S. Saunders, S. M. Mun, E. D. Bud'ko, S. L. McQueeney, R. J. Canfield, P. C. Goldman, A. I. TI Fragile antiferromagnetism in the heavy-fermion compound YbBiPt SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM PHASE-TRANSITIONS; CRITICAL-POINT; MAGNETISM; TEMPERATURE; CRITICALITY; CECU6-XAUX; SURFACE; ELECTRON; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS AB We report results from neutron scattering experiments on single crystals of YbBiPt that demonstrate antiferromagnetic order characterized by a propagation vector, tau(AFM) = ( 1/2 1/2 1/2), and ordered moments that align along the [1 1 1] direction of the cubic unit cell. We describe the scattering in terms of a two-Gaussian peak fit, which consists of a narrower component that appears below T-N approximate to 0.4 K and corresponds to a magnetic correlation length of xi(n) approximate to 80 angstrom, and a broad component that persists up to T-* approximate to 0.7 K and corresponds to antiferromagnetic correlations extending over xi(b) approximate to 20 angstrom. Our results illustrate the fragile magnetic order present in YbBiPt and provide a path forward for microscopic investigations of the ground states and fluctuations associated with the purported quantum critical point in this heavy-fermion compound. C1 [Ueland, B. G.; Kreyssig, A.; Sauerbrei, S.; Saunders, S. M.; Mun, E. D.; Bud'ko, S. L.; McQueeney, R. J.; Canfield, P. C.; Goldman, A. I.] Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ueland, B. G.; Kreyssig, A.; Sauerbrei, S.; Saunders, S. M.; Mun, E. D.; Bud'ko, S. L.; McQueeney, R. J.; Canfield, P. C.; Goldman, A. I.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Prokes, K.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Lynn, J. W.; Harriger, L. W.; Pratt, D. K.; Singh, D. K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Singh, D. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Heitmann, T. W.] Univ Missouri, Missouri Res Reactor, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Ueland, BG (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; Ueland, Benjamin/B-2312-2008; McQueeney, Robert/A-2864-2016 OI Ueland, Benjamin/0000-0001-9784-6595; McQueeney, Robert/0000-0003-0718-5602 FU Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences Engineering [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX We thank R. Flint for useful discussions and gratefully acknowledge the Missouri University Research Reactor, Advanced Photon Source Argonne, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the US Dept. of Commerce for the allocated beamtime and support during the experiments. Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences & Engineering, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 8 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 18 AR 180403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.180403 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AG6NF UT WOS:000335534600002 ER PT J AU Shaw, KS Jacobs, JM Crump, BC AF Shaw, Kristi S. Jacobs, John M. Crump, Byron C. TI Impact of Hurricane Irene on Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus concentrations in surface water, sediment, and cultured oysters in the Chesapeake Bay, MD, USA SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; REAL-TIME PCR; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; NORTH-CAROLINA; QUANTITATIVE PCR; BACTERIA; DYNAMICS; SPP. AB To determine if a storm event (i.e., high winds, large volumes of precipitation) could alter concentrations of Vibrio vulnificus and V parahaemolyticus in aquacultured oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and associated surface water and sediment, this study followed a sampling timeline before and after Hurricane Irene impacted the Chesapeake Bay estuary in late August 2011. Aquacultured oysters were sampled from two levels in the water column: surface (0.3 m) and near-bottom (just above the sediment). Concentrations of each Vibrio spp. and associated virulence genes were measured in oysters with a combination of real-time PCR and most probable number (MPN) enrichment methods, and in sediment and surface water with real-time PCR. While concentration shifts of each Vibrio species were apparent post-storm, statistical tests indicated no significant change in concentration for either Vibrio species by location (surface or near bottom oysters) or date sampled (oyster tissue, surface water, and sediment concentrations). V vulnificus in oyster tissue was correlated with total suspended solids (r = 0.41, P = 0.04), and V vulnificus in sediment was correlated with secchi depth (r = -0.93, P < 0.01), salinity (r = -0.46, P = 0.02), tidal height (r = -0.45, P = 0.03), and surface water V vulnificus (r = 0.98, P < 0.01). V parahaemolyticus in oyster tissue did not correlate with environmental measurements, but V parahaemolyticus in sediment and surface water correlated with several measurements including secchi depth [r = -0.48, P = 0.02 (sediment); r = -0.97, P < 0.01 (surface water)] and tidal height [r = -0.96, P < 0.01 (sediment), r = -0.59, P < 0.01 (surface water)]. The concentrations of Vibrio spp. were higher in oysters relative to other studies (average V vulnificus 4 x 10(5) MPN g(-1), V parahaemolyticus 1 x 10(5) MPN g(-1)), and virulence-associated genes were detected in most oyster samples. This study provides a first estimate of storm-related Vibrio density changes in oyster tissues, sediment, and surface water at an aquaculture facility in the Chesapeake Bay. C1 [Shaw, Kristi S.; Crump, Byron C.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Jacobs, John M.] Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD USA. [Crump, Byron C.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Shaw, KS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, POB 775, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. EM krististevensshaw@gmail.com FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [EA133C07CN0163] FX Financial support for this research was graciously provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration award EA133C07CN0163. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 15 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD MAY 7 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 204 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00204 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA AH2QG UT WOS:000335965400001 PM 24847319 ER PT J AU Cairncross, W Pelster, A AF Cairncross, William Pelster, Axel TI Parametric resonance in Bose-Einstein condensates with periodic modulation of attractive interaction SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; COLLECTIVE EXCITATIONS; STABILITY ANALYSIS; GAS; FREQUENCY; SYSTEMS AB We demonstrate parametric resonance in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with attractive two-body interaction in a harmonic trap under parametric excitation by periodic modulation of the s-wave scattering length. We obtain nonlinear equations of motion for the widths of the condensate using a Gaussian variational ansatz for the Gross-Pitaevskii condensate wave function. We conduct both linear and nonlinear stability analyses for the equations of motion and find qualitative agreement, thus concluding that the stability of two equilibrium widths of a BEC might be inverted by parametric excitation. C1 [Cairncross, William] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Theoret Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Cairncross, William] Queens Univ, Dept Phys, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Cairncross, William] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cairncross, William] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pelster, Axel] Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Phys, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Pelster, Axel] Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Pelster, Axel] Hanse Wissensch Kolleg, D-27733 Delmenhorst, Germany. RP Cairncross, W (reprint author), Free Univ Berlin, Inst Theoret Phys, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. EM axel.pelster@physik.uni-kl.de RI Pelster, Axel/O-4591-2015 FU DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service) FX We are grateful to Jochen Bruggemann for discussions and Antun Balaz and Haggai Landa for their valuable input. This project was supported by the DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service) within the program RISE (Research Internships in Science and Engineering). NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6060 EI 1434-6079 J9 EUR PHYS J D JI Eur. Phys. J. D PD MAY 7 PY 2014 VL 68 IS 5 AR 106 DI 10.1140/epjd/e2014-40835-x PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AG8MO UT WOS:000335672800001 ER PT J AU Cui, J Choi, JP Li, G Polikarpov, E Darsell, J Kramer, MJ Zarkevich, NA Wang, LL Johnson, DD Marinescu, M Huang, QZ Wu, H Vuong, NV Liu, JP AF Cui, J. Choi, J. P. Li, G. Polikarpov, E. Darsell, J. Kramer, M. J. Zarkevich, N. A. Wang, L. L. Johnson, D. D. Marinescu, M. Huang, Q. Z. Wu, H. Vuong, N. V. Liu, J. P. TI Development of MnBi permanent magnet: Neutron diffraction of MnBi powder SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 58th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 04-08, 2013 CL Denver, CO ID INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND; RAPID SOLIDIFICATION; PHASE AB MnBi attracts great attention in recent years for its great potential as permanent magnet materials. MnBi phase is difficult to obtain because of the rather drastic peritectic reaction between Mn and Bi. In this paper, we report our effort on synthesizing high purity MnBi compound using conventional powder metallurgical approaches. Neutron diffraction was carried out to investigate the crystal and nuclear structure of the obtained powder. The result shows that the purity of the obtained powder is about 91 wt. % at 300 K, and the magnetic moment of the Mn atom in MnBi lattice is 4.424 and 4.013 mu(B) at 50 K and 300 K, respectively. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Cui, J.; Choi, J. P.; Li, G.; Polikarpov, E.; Darsell, J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Kramer, M. J.; Zarkevich, N. A.; Wang, L. L.; Johnson, D. D.] Ames Lab, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Marinescu, M.] Electron Energy Corp, Landisville, PA 17538 USA. [Huang, Q. Z.; Wu, H.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vuong, N. V.; Liu, J. P.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Cui, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM jun.cui@pnnl.gov RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zarkevich, Nikolai/A-3261-2013; OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zarkevich, Nikolai/0000-0003-1919-0177; Johnson, Duane/0000-0003-0794-7283 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy [11/CJ000/09/03] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy under Contract No. 11/CJ000/09/03. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 52 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 7 PY 2014 VL 115 IS 17 AR 17A743 DI 10.1063/1.4867230 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AG8BO UT WOS:000335643700117 ER PT J AU Krayer, L Lau, JW Kirby, BJ AF Krayer, L. Lau, J. W. Kirby, B. J. TI Structural and magnetic etch damage in CoFeB SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 58th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 04-08, 2013 CL Denver, CO ID HIGH-DENSITY PLASMA AB A detailed understanding of the interfacial properties of thin films used in magnetic media is critical for the aggressive component scaling required for continued improvement in storage density. In particular, it is important to understand how common etching and milling processes affect the interfacial magnetism. We have used polarized neutron reflectometry and transmission electron microscopy to characterize the structural and magnetic properties of an ion beam etched interface of a CoFeB film. We found that the etching process results in a sharp magnetic interface buried under a nanometer scale layer of non-magnetic, compositionally distinct material. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Krayer, L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Krayer, L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lau, J. W.] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kirby, B. J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kirby, BJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.kirby@nist.gov FU NIST SURF program [NSF DMR-0944772] FX We thank Anusha Natarajarathinam and Mark Kief of Seagate Technology for sample preparation and scientific discussions, and thank Sandy Claggett of NIST for technical assistance. L. K. acknowledges support from the NIST SURF program, No. NSF DMR-0944772. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 7 PY 2014 VL 115 IS 17 AR 17B751 DI 10.1063/1.4869276 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AG8BO UT WOS:000335643700280 ER PT J AU Yin, XL Skomski, R Sellmyer, D Liou, SH Russek, SE Evarts, ER Moreland, J Edelstein, AS Yuan, L Yan, ML Shen, J AF Yin, Xiaolu Skomski, Ralph Sellmyer, David Liou, Sy-Hwang Russek, Stephen E. Evarts, Eric R. Moreland, John Edelstein, A. S. Yuan, L. Yan, M. L. Shen, J. TI Adjusting magnetic nanostructures for high-performance magnetic sensors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 58th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 04-08, 2013 CL Denver, CO ID TUNNELING JUNCTIONS AB The magnetic properties of the soft ferromagnetic layer in magnetic tunnel junctions are one of key factors to determine the performance of magnetoresistance sensors. We use a three-step orthogonal annealing procedure to modify the nanostructures of the free layer in the magnetic tunnel junction to control features such as magnetization reversal, coercivity, exchange field, and tunnel magnetoresistance ratio. We present a sensor with an improved sensitivity as high as 3944%/mT. This magnetic sensor only dissipates 200 mu W of power while operating under an applied voltage of 1 V. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Yin, Xiaolu; Skomski, Ralph; Sellmyer, David; Liou, Sy-Hwang] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Yin, Xiaolu; Skomski, Ralph; Sellmyer, David; Liou, Sy-Hwang] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Russek, Stephen E.; Evarts, Eric R.; Moreland, John] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Edelstein, A. S.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Yuan, L.; Yan, M. L.; Shen, J.] Western Digital Corp, Fremont, CA 94539 USA. RP Liou, SH (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM sliou@unl.edu FU DOD (ARO) [W911NF-09-0039, W911NF-10-2-0099] FX This work was supported by DOD (ARO, W911NF-09-0039, W911NF-10-2-0099), Western Digital Corporation for the fabrication of MTJ multilayer and NSF through Nebraska MRSEC (DMR-0820521) for magnetic characterizations. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 7 PY 2014 VL 115 IS 17 AR 17E528 DI 10.1063/1.4870315 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AG8BO UT WOS:000335643700549 ER PT J AU Bowden, JA Cantu, TM Scheidt, DM Lowers, RH Nocito, BA Young, VY Guillette, LJ AF Bowden, John A. Cantu, Theresa M. Scheidt, Douglas M. Lowers, Russell H. Nocito, Brian A. Young, Vaneica Y. Guillette, Louis J., Jr. TI Examination of Metals from Aerospace-Related Activity in Surface Water Samples from Sites Surrounding the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXHAUSTED ALUMINUM-OXIDE; HEAVY-METALS; TRACE-METALS; ATMOSPHERIC-POLLUTION; LANTERN FESTIVAL; NATURAL SOURCES; FIREWORKS; TOXICITY; PARTICLES; IMPACT AB Metal contamination from Space Shuttle launch activity was examined using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy in a two-tier study sampling surface water collected from several sites at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and associated Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge in east central Florida. The primary study examined both temporal changes in baseline metal concentrations (19 metals) in surface water (1996 to 2009, 11 sites) samples collected at specific long-term monitoring sites and metal deposition directly associated with Space Shuttle launch activity at two Launch Complexes (LC39A and LC39B). A secondary study examined metal concentrations at additional sites and increased the amount of elements measured to 48 elements. Our examination places a heavy focus on those metals commonly associated with launch operations (e.g., Al, Fe, Mn, and Zn), but a brief discussion of other metals (As, Cu, Mo, Ni, and Pb) is also included. While no observable accumulation of metals occurred during the time period of the study, the data obtained postlaunch demonstrated a dramatic increase for Al, Fe, Mn, and Zn. Comparing overall trends between the primary and secondary baseline surface water concentrations, elevated concentrations were generally observed at sampling stations located near the launch complexes and from sites isolated from major water systems. While there could be several natural and anthropogenic sources for metal deposition at KSC, the data in this report indicate that shuttle launch events are a significant source. C1 [Bowden, John A.] NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Cantu, Theresa M.; Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Obstet & Gynecol & Marine Biomed & Environm, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Cantu, Theresa M.; Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Scheidt, Douglas M.; Lowers, Russell H.] InoMed Hlth Applicat, Ecol Program, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Nocito, Brian A.; Young, Vaneica Y.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Bowden, JA (reprint author), NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM john.bowden@nist.gov NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 6 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 9 BP 4672 EP 4680 DI 10.1021/es4047796 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AG9DY UT WOS:000335720100005 PM 24738662 ER PT J AU Neville, DR Phillips, AJ Brodeur, RD Higley, KA AF Neville, Delvan R. Phillips, A. Jason Brodeur, Richard D. Higley, Kathryn A. TI Trace Levels of Fukushima Disaster Radionuclides in East Pacific Albacore SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THUNNUS-ALALUNGA; MIGRATION; WATERS; JAPAN AB The Fukushima Daiichi power station released several radionuclides into the Pacific following the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami. A total of 26 Pacific albacore (Thunnus alalunga) caught off the Pacific Northwest U.S. coast between 2008 and 2012 were analyzed for Cs-137 and Fukushima-attributed Cs-134. Both 2011 (2 of 2) and several 2012 (10 of 17) edible tissue samples exhibited increased activity concentrations of Cs-137 (234-824 mBq/kg of wet weight) and Cs-134 (18.2-356 mBq/kg of wet weight). The remaining 2012 samples and all pre-Fukushima (2008-2009) samples possessed lower Cs-137 activity concentrations (103-272 mBq/kg of wet weight) with no detectable Cs-134 activity. Age, as indicated by fork length, was a strong predictor for both the presence and concentration of Cs-134 (p < 0.001). Notably, many migration-aged fish did not exhibit any Cs-134, suggesting that they had not recently migrated near Japan. None of the tested samples would represent a significant change in annual radiation dose if consumed by humans. C1 [Neville, Delvan R.; Higley, Kathryn A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiat Hlth Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Phillips, A. Jason] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci CEOAS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Neville, DR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiat Hlth Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dnevill@gmail.com FU Office of Science Director of the National Marine Fisheries Service FX The authors thank the Office of Science Director of the National Marine Fisheries Service for helping to fund this work. The authors thank Keith Bosley for providing pre-Fukushima albacore samples. The authors thank the crew and scientists on the RV Shimada that assisted with the capture and processing of albacore at sea and Mario Gomez-Fernandez and Junwei Jia for assistance in processing samples. Finally, the authors thank Drs. Lorenzo Ciannelli, Bill Pearcy, and Walt Dickhoff for comments on earlier versions of the manuscript and three anonymous journal reviewers. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 6 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 9 BP 4739 EP 4743 DI 10.1021/es500129b PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AG9DY UT WOS:000335720100013 PM 24717105 ER PT J AU Jubb, AM Gierczak, T Baasandorj, M Waterland, RL Burkholder, JB AF Jubb, Aaron M. Gierczak, Tomasz Baasandorj, Munkhbayar Waterland, Robert L. Burkholder, James B. TI Methyl-Perfluoroheptene-Ethers (CH3OC7F13): Measured OH Radical Reaction Rate Coefficients for Several Isomers and Enantiomers and Their Atmospheric Lifetimes and Global Warming Potentials SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RATE CONSTANTS; CHEMISTRY; SPECTRA; DENSITY; HYDROFLUOROETHERS; DEGRADATION; MECHANISMS; OXIDATION; PRODUCTS; KINETICS AB Mixtures of methyl-perfluoroheptene-ethers (CH3OC7F13, MPHEs) are currently in use as replacements for perfluorinated alkanes (PFCs) and poly-ether heat transfer fluids, which are persistent greenhouse gases with lifetimes >1000 years. At present, the atmospheric processing and environmental impact from the use of MPHEs is unknown. In this work, rate coefficients at 296 K for the gas-phase reaction of the OH radical with six key isomers (including stereoisomers and enantiomers) of MPHEs used commercially were measured using a relative rate method. Rate coefficients for the six MPHE isomers ranged from similar to 0.1 to 2.9 X 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) with a strong stereoisomer and -OCH3 group position dependence; the (E)-stereoisomers with the -OCH3 group in an alpha- position relative to the double bond had the greatest reactivity. Rate coefficients measured for the d(3)-MPHE isomer analogues showed decreased reactivity consistent with a minor contribution of H atom abstraction from the -OCH3 group to the overall reactivity. Estimated atmospheric lifetimes for the MPHE isomers range from days to months. Atmospheric lifetimes, radiative efficiencies, and global warming potentials for these short-lived MPHE isomers were estimated based on the measured OH rate coefficients along with measured and theoretically calculated MPHE infrared absorption spectra. Our results highlight the importance of quantifying the atmospheric impact of individual components in an isomeric mixture. C1 [Jubb, Aaron M.; Gierczak, Tomasz; Baasandorj, Munkhbayar; Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jubb, Aaron M.; Gierczak, Tomasz; Baasandorj, Munkhbayar] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Waterland, Robert L.] DuPont Co Inc, Cent Res & Dev, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov RI Jubb, Aaron/G-4538-2013; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Jubb, Aaron/0000-0001-6875-1079; FU NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program; NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program and NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program. We thank J. Bartelt and M. Robin of DuPont for providing the MPHE samples and purity analysis. We thank Robert D. Lousenberg of DuPont for MPHE sample synthesis and purification. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 6 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 9 BP 4954 EP 4962 DI 10.1021/es500888v PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AG9DY UT WOS:000335720100039 PM 24702168 ER PT J AU Xia, YL Sheffield, J Ek, MB Dong, JR Chaney, N Wei, HL Meng, J Wood, EF AF Xia, Youlong Sheffield, Justin Ek, Michael B. Dong, Jiarui Chaney, Nathaniel Wei, Helin Meng, Jesse Wood, Eric F. TI Evaluation of multi-model simulated soil moisture in NLDAS-2 SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Soil moisture; US; Validation; NLDAS-2; Land surface models ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; LAND-SURFACE; FORECAST SYSTEM; ETA-MODEL; CLIMATE; REANALYSIS; PRECIPITATION; WATER; PARAMETERIZATION; VARIABILITY AB The North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) phase 2 (NLDAS-2) has generated 31-years (1979-2008) of water and energy products from four state-of-the-art land surface models (Noah, Mosaic, SAC, VIC). The soil moisture data from these models have been used for operational drought monitoring activities, but so far have not yet been comprehensively evaluated. In this study, three available in situ soil moisture observation data sets in the United States were used to evaluate the model-simulated soil moisture for different time scales varying from daily to annual. First, we used the observed multiple layer monthly and annual mean soil moisture from the Illinois Climate Network to evaluate 20-years (January 1985-December 2004) of model-simulated soil moisture in terms of skill and analysis of error statistics. Second, we utilized 6-years (1 January 1997-31 December 2002) of daily soil moisture observed from 72 sites over the Oklahoma Mesonet network to assess daily and monthly simulation skill and errors for 3 model soil layers (0-10 cm, 10-40 cm, 40-100 cm). Third, we extended the daily assessment to sites over the continental United States using 8-years (1 January 2002-31 December 2009) of observations for 121 sites from the Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN). Overall, all models are able to capture wet and dry events and show high skill (in most cases, anomaly correlation is larger than 0.7), but display large biases when compared to in situ observations. These errors may come from model errors (i.e., model structure error, model parameter error), forcing data errors, and in situ soil moisture measurement errors. For example, all models simulate less soil moisture due to lack of modeled irrigation and ground water processes in Illinois, Oklahoma, and the other Midwest states. (c) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Xia, Youlong; Ek, Michael B.; Dong, Jiarui; Wei, Helin; Meng, Jesse] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Xia, Youlong; Dong, Jiarui; Wei, Helin; Meng, Jesse] IMSG NCEP EMC, College Pk, MD USA. [Sheffield, Justin; Chaney, Nathaniel; Wood, Eric F.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Xia, YL (reprint author), NOAA NCEP, IMSG Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Modeling, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Youlong.Xia@noaa.gov RI Chaney, Nathaniel /L-9110-2015 OI Chaney, Nathaniel /0000-0001-7120-1713 FU Climate Program Project of the Americas (CPPA) of NOAA Climate Program Office (CPO) FX This work by NCEP/EMC was supported by the Climate Program Project of the Americas (CPPA) of NOAA Climate Program Office (CPO) as the core project for the EMC (Y. Xia, H. Wei, J. Meng) and the Office of Hydrological Development U. Dong). We thank the NOAA Office of Global Program and NASA Land Surface Hydrology Program for their purchase of the Oklahoma Mesonet soil moisture data for NLDAS investigators, Illinois State Water Survey for providing soil moisture observations in Illinois State, Rolf Reichle who provided us quality-controlled SCAN daily soil moisture data, Drs. Yan Luo, and Yihua Wu from EMC, Dr. Konstantine Georgakakos from Hydrologic Research Center, and two anonymous reviewers whose comments and suggestions greatly improved the quality of this paper. The authors also thank Ruolan Xu from Princeton University in assisting for VIC model simulations. NR 67 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 6 PY 2014 VL 512 BP 107 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.02.027 PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AG8ZH UT WOS:000335706900008 ER PT J AU Kelley, ME Rhoderick, GC Guenther, FR AF Kelley, Michael E. Rhoderick, George C. Guenther, Franklin R. TI Development and Verification of Air Balance Gas Primary Standards for the Measurement of Nitrous Oxide at Atmospheric Levels SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID N2O AB The Gas Metrology Group at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) became active in developing primary standards at ambient levels of N2O in the 1980s, and this has continued through to the present. In recent years, interest in NIST-traceable standards has increased-not only at the ambient level of approximately 325 nmol mol(-1) (ppb) but at micromole per mole (ppm) levels as well. In order to support two in-process dry whole air standard reference materials (SRMs 1720 and 1721) and the NIST Traceable Reference Materials (NTRM) program, a project was implemented in the Gas Metrology Group to produce a complete suite of new primary standard materials (PSMs) of N2O with synthetic air (O-2/N-2) as the balance gas. Six levels of dilution, approximately 1 order of magnitude apart, were gravimetrically prepared and verified. Each level serves as the "parent mix" for the next level. This discussion describes the process of producing each level and then verifying its amount-of-substance fraction. Expanded uncertainties, k = 2, of 0.025% relative to the gravimetric amount-of-substance fraction were obtained at the ambient level. One standard from the final group of standards at the ambient amount-of-substance fraction level was compared with standards from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, two organizations experienced in gas standards preparation and ambient whole air measurements, and shows agreement to 0.07 nmol mol(-1) (0.02% relative) and 0.20 nmol mol(-1) (0.06% relative), respectively. C1 [Kelley, Michael E.; Rhoderick, George C.; Guenther, Franklin R.] NIST, Gas Metrol Grp, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kelley, ME (reprint author), NIST, Gas Metrol Grp, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS8393, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mekelley@nist.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 6 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 9 BP 4544 EP 4549 DI 10.1021/ac500581b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AG9DW UT WOS:000335719900067 PM 24673441 ER PT J AU Batista, CAS Zheng, M Khripin, CY Tu, XM Fagan, JA AF Batista, Carlos A. Silvera Zheng, Ming Khripin, Constantine Y. Tu, Xiaomin Fagan, Jeffrey A. TI Rod Hydrodynamics and Length Distributions of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Using Analytical Ultracentrifugation SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; ROTATIONAL-DYNAMICS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; SHAPE; SEDIMENTATION; PARTICLES; SIZE; MACROMOLECULES; COEFFICIENTS; MICROSCOPY AB Because of their repetitive chemical structure, extreme rigidity, and the separability of populations with varying aspect ratio, SWCNTs are excellent candidates for use as model rodlike colloids. In this contribution, the sedimentation velocities of length and density sorted single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are compared to predictions from rod hydrodynamic theories of increasing complexity over a range of aspect ratios from <50 to >400. Independently measuring all contributions to the sedimentation velocity besides the shape factor, excellent agreement is found between the experimental findings and theoretical predictions for numerically calculated hydrodynamic radius values and for multiterm analytical expansion approximations; values for the hydrodynamic radii in these cases are additionally found to be consistent with the apparent hydrated particle radius determined independently by buoyancy measurements. Lastly, we utilize this equivalency to calculate the apparent distribution of nanotube lengths in each population from their sedimentation coefficient distribution without adjustable parameters, achieving excellent agreement with distributions from atomic force microscopy. The method developed herein provides an alternative for the ensemble measurement of SWCNT length distributions and others rodlike particles. C1 [Batista, Carlos A. Silvera; Zheng, Ming; Khripin, Constantine Y.; Tu, Xiaomin; Fagan, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fagan, JA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Jeffrey.fagan@nist.gov OI Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554 NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 6 PY 2014 VL 30 IS 17 BP 4895 EP 4904 DI 10.1021/la404892k PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AG9ED UT WOS:000335720600004 PM 24707888 ER PT J AU Gamza, MB Tomczak, JM Brown, C Puri, A Kotliar, G Aronson, MC AF Gamza, M. B. Tomczak, J. M. Brown, C. Puri, A. Kotliar, G. Aronson, M. C. TI Electronic correlations in FeGa3 and the effect of hole doping on its magnetic properties SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; LOW-TEMPERATURE TRANSPORT; KONDO INSULATOR; SI-P; ANTIFERROMAGNETIC SYSTEMS; THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; DOPED SILICON; SEMICONDUCTOR; FESI AB We investigate signatures of electronic correlations in the narrow-gap semiconductor FeGa3 by means of electrical resistivity and thermodynamic measurements performed on single crystals of FeGa3, Fe1-xMnxGa3, and FeGa3-yZny, complemented by a study of the 4d analog material RuGa3. We find that the inclusion of sizable amounts of Mn and Zn dopants into FeGa3 does not induce an insulator-to-metal transition. Our study indicates that both substitution of Zn onto the Ga site and replacement of Fe by Mn introduces states into the semiconducting gap that remain localized even at highest doping levels. Most importantly, using neutron powder diffraction measurements, we establish that FeGa3 orders magnetically above room temperature in a complex structure, which is almost unaffected by the doping with Mn and Zn. Using realistic many-body calculations within the framework of dynamical mean field theory (DMFT), we argue that while the iron atoms in FeGa3 are dominantly in an S = 1 state, there are strong charge and spin fluctuations on short-time scales, which are independent of temperature. Further, the low magnitude of local contributions to the spin susceptibility advocates an itinerant mechanism for the spin response in FeGa3. Our joint experimental and theoretical investigations classify FeGa3 as a correlated band insulator with only small dynamical correlation effects, in which nonlocal exchange interactions are responsible for the spin gap of 0.4 eV and the antiferromagnetic order. We show that hole doping of FeGa3 leads, within DMFT, to a notable strengthening of many-body renormalizations. C1 [Gamza, M. B.; Puri, A.; Aronson, M. C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Tomczak, J. M.; Kotliar, G.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Brown, C.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, C.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Puri, A.; Aronson, M. C.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Gamza, MB (reprint author), Univ London, Dept Phys, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. RI Tomczak, Jan/A-9729-2012; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Tomczak, Jan/0000-0003-1581-8799; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH1886]; Department of Defense National Security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellowship via the Air Force Office of Scientific Research; NSF [DMR 1308141] FX Work at Brookhaven National Laboratory (M.G., A.P., and M.C.A.) was carried out under the auspices of the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH1886. Research at Rutgers University (J.M.T. and G.K.) was sponsored by the Department of Defense National Security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellowship via the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. J.M.T. and G.K. were further supported by the NSF Grant No. DMR 1308141. NR 100 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 41 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 6 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 19 AR 195102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.195102 PG 19 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AG6LM UT WOS:000335530100001 ER PT J AU Pittman, SJ Monaco, ME Friedlander, AM Legare, B Nemeth, RS Kendall, MS Poti, M Clark, RD Wedding, LM Caldow, C AF Pittman, Simon J. Monaco, Mark E. Friedlander, Alan M. Legare, Bryan Nemeth, Richard S. Kendall, Matthew S. Poti, Matthew Clark, Randall D. Wedding, Lisa M. Caldow, Chris TI Fish with Chips: Tracking Reef Fish Movements to Evaluate Size and Connectivity of Caribbean Marine Protected Areas SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID REGION-WIDE DECLINES; US-VIRGIN-ISLANDS; CORAL-REEFS; SPAWNING AGGREGATIONS; RESERVE NETWORKS; HOME-RANGE; RED HIND; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; PATTERNS AB Coral reefs and associated fish populations have experienced rapid decline in the Caribbean region and marine protected areas (MPAs) have been widely implemented to address this decline. The performance of no-take MPAs (i.e., marine reserves) for protecting and rebuilding fish populations is influenced by the movement of animals within and across their boundaries. Very little is known about Caribbean reef fish movements creating a critical knowledge gap that can impede effective MPA design, performance and evaluation. Using miniature implanted acoustic transmitters and a fixed acoustic receiver array, we address three key questions: How far can reef fish move? Does connectivity exist between adjacent MPAs? Does existing MPA size match the spatial scale of reef fish movements? We show that many reef fishes are capable of traveling far greater distances and in shorter duration than was previously known. Across the Puerto Rican Shelf, more than half of our 163 tagged fish (18 species of 10 families) moved distances greater than 1 km with three fish moving more than 10 km in a single day and a quarter spending time outside of MPAs. We provide direct evidence of ecological connectivity across a network of MPAs, including estimated movements of more than 40 km connecting a nearshore MPA with a shelf-edge spawning aggregation. Most tagged fish showed high fidelity to MPAs, but also spent time outside MPAs, potentially contributing to spillover. Three-quarters of our fish were capable of traveling distances that would take them beyond the protection offered by at least 40-64% of the existing eastern Caribbean MPAs. We recommend that key species movement patterns be used to inform and evaluate MPA functionality and design, particularly size and shape. A re-scaling of our perception of Caribbean reef fish mobility and habitat use is imperative, with important implications for ecology and management effectiveness. C1 [Pittman, Simon J.; Monaco, Mark E.; Kendall, Matthew S.; Poti, Matthew; Clark, Randall D.; Wedding, Lisa M.; Caldow, Chris] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Pittman, Simon J.; Legare, Bryan; Nemeth, Richard S.] Univ Virgin Islands, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI USA. [Pittman, Simon J.] Univ Plymouth, Ctr Marine & Coastal Policy Res, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Friedlander, Alan M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Biol, Fisheries Ecol Res Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Legare, Bryan] Texas Parks & Wildlife, Dickinson Marine Lab, Dickinson, TX USA. [Wedding, Lisa M.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Woods Inst Environm, Monterey, CA USA. RP Pittman, SJ (reprint author), US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM simon.pittman@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation's Virgin Islands Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research [0814417]; University of the Virgin Islands Center for Marine and Environmental Studies (CMES); Puerto Rico Sea Grant [R-31-1-06]; NOAA Saltonstall-Kennedy [NA09NMF4270068]; NOAA [NA08NOS4260348]; USGS State Partnership Program [07ERAG0078] FX SJP, MEM, AMF and LMW were supported by U.S. National Park Service, NOAA Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment (CCMA) and NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. BL was supported by University of the Virgin Islands. RSN was supported by the National Science Foundation's Virgin Islands Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (0814417) and the University of the Virgin Islands Center for Marine and Environmental Studies (CMES). The UVI acoustic array was supported by grants from Puerto Rico Sea Grant (R-31-1-06), NOAA Saltonstall-Kennedy (NA09NMF4270068), NOAA cooperative agreement (NA08NOS4260348), and USGS State Partnership Program (07ERAG0078). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 65 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 5 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 5 AR e96028 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0096028 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AI1ZV UT WOS:000336656000033 PM 24797815 ER PT J AU Wangoh, L Marley, PM Quackenbush, NF Sallis, S Fischer, DA Woicik, JC Banerjee, S Piper, LFJ AF Wangoh, L. Marley, P. M. Quackenbush, N. F. Sallis, S. Fischer, D. A. Woicik, J. C. Banerjee, S. Piper, L. F. J. TI Electron lone pair distortion facilitated metal-insulator transition in beta-Pb0.33V2O5 nanowires SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OXIDES; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; BRONZES AB The electronic structure of beta-Pb0.33V2O5 nanowires has been studied with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. The recent synthesis of defect-free beta-Pb0.33V2O5 nanowires resulted in the discovery of an abrupt voltage-induced metal insulator transition. First principle calculations predicted an additional V-O-Pb hybridized "in-gap" state unique to this vanadium bronze playing a significant role in facilitating the transition. We confirm the existence, energetic position, and orbital character of the "in-gap" state. Moreover, we reveal that this state is a hybridized Pb 6s-O 2p antibonding lone pair state resulting from the asymmetric coordination of the Pb2+ ions. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Wangoh, L.; Quackenbush, N. F.; Piper, L. F. J.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Marley, P. M.; Banerjee, S.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Sallis, S.; Piper, L. F. J.] SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Fischer, D. A.; Woicik, J. C.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Piper, LFJ (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM lpiper@binghamton.edu RI Sallis, Shawn/E-6258-2012; Piper, Louis/C-2960-2011 OI Sallis, Shawn/0000-0002-8443-4951; Piper, Louis/0000-0002-3421-3210 FU Research Corporation for Science Advancement through a Scialog Award; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX We thank Dr. D.O. Scanlon for fruitful discussions. Acknowledgment is made to the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund for support of this research. P. M and S. B. acknowledge support from the Research Corporation for Science Advancement through a Scialog Award. The NSLS is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Beamline X24a at the NSLS is supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 5 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 18 AR 182108 DI 10.1063/1.4875747 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AH6OF UT WOS:000336249600023 ER PT J AU Zhou, YY Smith, SJ Elvidge, CD Zhao, KG Thomson, A Imhoff, M AF Zhou, Yuyu Smith, Steven J. Elvidge, Christopher D. Zhao, Kaiguang Thomson, Allison Imhoff, Marc TI A cluster-based method to map urban area from DMSP/OLS nightlights SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE DMSP/OLS; Nightlights; Urban area; Threshold; Cities; Segmentation; Land cover and land use change ID NIGHTTIME SATELLITE IMAGERY; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; IMPERVIOUS SURFACES; CITY LIGHTS; LAND-USE; CHINA; URBANIZATION; SEGMENTATION; POPULATION; DATABASE AB Accurate information on urban areas at regional and global scales is important for both the science and policy-making communities. The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) nighttime stable light data (NTL) provide a potential way to map the extent and dynamics of urban areas in an economic and timely manner. In this study, we developed a cluster-based method to estimate optimal thresholds and map urban extent from the DMSP/OLS Nil data in five major steps, including data preprocessing, urban cluster segmentation, logistic model development, threshold estimation, and urban extent delineation. In our method the optimal thresholds vary by clusters and are estimated based on cluster size and overall nightlight magnitude. The United States and China, two large countries with different urbanization patterns, were selected to test the proposed method. Our results indicate that the urbanized area occupies about 2% of total land area in the US, ranging from lower than 0.5% to higher than 10% at the state level, and less than 1% in China, ranging from lower than 0.1% to about 5% at the province level with some municipalities as high as 10%. The derived thresholds and urban extent were evaluated using a validation sub-sample of high-resolution land cover data at the cluster and regional levels. It was found that our method can map urban areas in both countries efficiently and accurately. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the derived optimal thresholds are not highly sensitive to the parameter choices in the logistic model. Our method reduces the over- and under-estimation issues often associated with previous fixed-threshold techniques when mapping urban extent over a large area. More importantly, our method shows potential to map global urban extent and temporal dynamics using the DMSP/OLS NTL data in a timely, cost-effective way. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhou, Yuyu; Smith, Steven J.; Thomson, Allison; Imhoff, Marc] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Elvidge, Christopher D.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Earth Observat Grp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Zhao, Kaiguang] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Zhou, YY (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Yuyu.zhou@pnnl.gov RI Thomson, Allison/B-1254-2010; Zhao, Kaiguang/D-1172-2010; Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009 FU NASA ROSES Land-Cover/Land-Use Change Program [NNH11ZDA001N-LCLUC]; Global Technology Strategy Project FX We acknowledge funding support from the NASA ROSES Land-Cover/Land-Use Change Program (NNH11ZDA001N-LCLUC) with additional support for Steven J. Smith from the Global Technology Strategy Project. We would like to thank Dr. Benjamin Bond-Lamberty and the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions, and the many colleagues and organizations that shared the data used in this project. NR 54 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 9 U2 77 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY 5 PY 2014 VL 147 BP 173 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2014.03.004 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AH5QR UT WOS:000336186400015 ER PT J AU Natanson, LJ Adams, DH Winton, MV Maurer, JR AF Natanson, Lisa J. Adams, Douglas H. Winton, Megan V. Maurer, Jasmine R. TI Age and Growth of the Bull Shark in the Western North Atlantic Ocean SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; CARCHARHINUS-LEUCAS; SANDBAR SHARK; SOUTH-AFRICA; STARSPOTTED DOGFISH; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; MUSTELUS-MANAZO; 5 LOCALITIES; PARAMETERS AB Age and growth estimates for the Bull Shark Carcharhinus leucas were derived from 121 vertebral centra collected from Bull Sharks (59.1-223.5cm FL) between 1966 and 2010 in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Size at birth was confirmed with an additional 20 embryos (44.2-54.4cm FL). The maximum age based on vertebral band pair counts was 25 (184cm FL) and 27 (196cm FL) years for males and females, respectively. The logistic and Gompertz growth models fitted the size-at-age data best for males and females, respectively. Based on previously published estimates of length at maturity, males mature at 15-17years (176-185cm FL) and females at 15years (189cm FL). Bull Sharks in the western North Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico have similar growth rates and reach similar sizes at age. Received December 2, 2013; accepted February 4, 2014 C1 [Natanson, Lisa J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Adams, Douglas H.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Winton, Megan V.] Coonamessett Farm Fdn, East Falmouth, MA 02536 USA. [Maurer, Jasmine R.] Kachemak Bay Res Reserve, Homer, AK 99603 USA. RP Natanson, LJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM lisa.natanson@noaa.gov FU Department of the Interior; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration [F-43]; State of Florida Saltwater Recreational Fishing License monies FX We would like to thank the commercial and recreational fishermen who allowed us to sample their catches and all the scientists and observers who obtained samples. We would also like to acknowledge the support of the Apex Predators Program staff both past and present, in particular Brian Gervelis, who sectioned many of the samples. This study was supported in part by funding from the Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration, Project F-43, and by State of Florida Saltwater Recreational Fishing License monies. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY 4 PY 2014 VL 143 IS 3 BP 732 EP 743 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.892537 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AG1YE UT WOS:000335211300009 ER PT J AU Harstad, DL Larsen, DA Beckman, BR AF Harstad, Deborah L. Larsen, Donald A. Beckman, Brian R. TI Variation in Minijack Rate among Hatchery Populations of Columbia River Basin Chinook Salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EARLY SEXUAL-MATURATION; EARLY MALE MATURITY; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; LIFE-HISTORY; ATLANTIC SALMON; NATURAL-ORIGIN; YAKIMA RIVER; FRESH-WATER; GROWTH; WASHINGTON AB In Columbia River spring and summer Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, age of male maturation ranges from age 1 (microjack), 2 (minijack), 3 (jack), to 4 or 5 (adult) years. The presence of minijacks has been noted in several experimental studies and documented for a few hatchery programs; but, a comprehensive survey of their occurrence in hatchery production programs has never been conducted. We measured the proportion of minijacks among males released from several spring- and summer-run Chinook Salmon hatchery programs throughout the Columbia River basin among brood years 1999-2010. The hatcheries surveyed included both segregated (uses only hatchery-origin spawners in broodstock) and integrated (includes some degree of natural-origin spawners in broodstock) programs. Minijacks were found in all programs monitored, and rates varied approximately 10-fold across release groups, ranging from 7.9% to 71.4% of males in spring Chinook Salmon programs and from 4.1% to 40.1% of males in summer Chinook Salmon programs. Cumulative growth (i.e., size at release) was found to be positively correlated with minijack rate, but for only the integrated Chinook Salmon programs. Domestication selection may have occurred in segregated spring Chinook Salmon programs, increasing the threshold size for maturation and lowering minijack rates. Elevated minijack rates in Chinook Salmon hatchery programs result in a direct reduction in both the number of male smolts released and potential adult males available for harvest and spawning. Received October 3, 2013; accepted January 11, 2014 C1 [Harstad, Deborah L.; Larsen, Donald A.; Beckman, Brian R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Physiol Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Harstad, DL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Physiol Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM deborah.harstad@noaa.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration [200203100]; Chelan County PUD [09-102, 12-150]; Grant County PUD [430-3499] FX This research was conducted in cooperation with the staff at the CESRF, Winthrop NFH, Entiat NFH, Eastbank Hatchery, Leavenworth NFH, Carson NFH, Little White Salmon NFH, Round Butte Hatchery, Lookingglass Hatchery, Similkameen Acclimation Facility, the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, Chelan County Public Utility District, and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation. Assistance in sampling and laboratory analysis was provided by D. Spangenberg, A. Tillotson, P. Parkins, and B. Gadbury (NOAA Fisheries, Seattle, Washington); S. Nance, L. Rohrbach, K. Cooper, and J. Dickey (School of Aquatic and Fisheries Science, University of Washington, Seattle); and E. Smith (Frank Orth and Associates, Kirkland, Washington). B. Ferris (School of Aquatic and Fisheries Science, University of Washington, Seattle) provided expertise in map creation in R. The 11-KT antibody was kindly provided by D. Kime. This manuscript was greatly improved by insightful comments from J. Hard, M. Ford, K. Nichols, P. Swanson, R. Waples, C. Busack, and two anonymous reviewers. Financial support was provided by the Bonneville Power Administration under contract project 200203100 administered by D. Docherty and J. Marcotte, Chelan County PUD agreements 09-102 and 12-150 and Grant County PUD agreement 430-3499. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY 4 PY 2014 VL 143 IS 3 BP 768 EP 778 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.886621 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AG1YE UT WOS:000335211300011 ER PT J AU Collins, MJ Kirk, JP Pettit, J DeGaetano, AT McCown, MS Peterson, TC Means, TN Zhang, XB AF Collins, Mathias J. Kirk, Johnathan P. Pettit, Joshua DeGaetano, Arthur T. McCown, M. Sam Peterson, Thomas C. Means, Tiffany N. Zhang, Xuebin TI Annual floods in New England (USA) and Atlantic Canada: synoptic climatology and generating mechanisms SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE synoptic climatology; hydroclimatology; trends; floods; flood seasonality ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; WINTER CLIMATE; TRENDS; PRECIPITATION; 20TH-CENTURY; VARIABILITY; MAGNITUDE; FREQUENCY; COAST; OSCILLATION AB New England and Atlantic Canada are characterized by mixed flood regimes that reflect different storm types, antecedent land surface conditions, and flood seasonality. Mixed flood regimes are known to complicate flood risk analyses, yet the synoptic climatology and precipitation mechanisms that generate annual floods in this region have not been described in detail. We analyzed a set of long-term annual flood records at climate-sensitive stream gauges across the region and classified the synoptic climatology of each annual flood, quantitatively describing the precipitation mechanisms, and characterize flood seasonality. We find that annual floods here are dominantly generated by Great Lakes-sourced storms and Coastal lows, known locally as 'nor'easters.' Great Lakes storms tend to be associated with lower magnitude annual floods (<75th percentile) and Coastal lows are more clearly associated with higher magnitude events (>75th percentile). Tropical cyclones account for few of all annual floods, including extreme events, despite causing some of the region's largest and most destructive floods. Late winter/early spring is when the greatest number of annual floods occur region wide, and rainfall is the dominant flood-producing mechanism. Rainfall in combination with snowmelt is also important. Both mechanisms are expected to be impacted by projected regional climate change. We find little evidence for associations between flood-producing synoptic storm types or precipitation mechanisms and large-scale atmospheric circulation indices or time periods, despite upward trends in New England annual flood magnitudes. To more completely investigate such associations, partial duration flood series that include more floods than just the largest of each year, and their associated synoptic climatologies and precipitation mechanisms, should be analyzed. C1 [Collins, Mathias J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. [Kirk, Johnathan P.] Kent State Univ, Dept Geog, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Pettit, Joshua] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [DeGaetano, Arthur T.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY USA. [McCown, M. Sam; Peterson, Thomas C.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Means, Tiffany N.] Baldwin Grp Inc, Asheville, NC USA. [Zhang, Xuebin] Environm Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Collins, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 55 Great Republ Dr, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. EM mathias.collins@noaa.gov OI Collins, Mathias/0000-0003-4238-2038 FU Cornell University's Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and Northeast Regional Climate Center; Environment Canada's Climate Research Division; NOAA Fisheries Office of Habitat Conservation; NOAA's National Climatic Data Center FX We thank Cornell University's Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and Northeast Regional Climate Center, Environment Canada's Climate Research Division, NOAA Fisheries Office of Habitat Conservation, and NOAA's National Climatic Data Center for supporting this project. Numerous staff at Environment Canada and the United States Geological Survey were responsive to our data requests. William Armstrong and Zachary Zambreski provided data analysis support. We thank Associate Editor Brent Yarnal, Katherine Hirschboeck, and two anonymous referees for thorough reviews that improved the manuscript. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-3646 EI 1930-0557 J9 PHYS GEOGR JI Phys. Geogr. PD MAY 4 PY 2014 VL 35 IS 3 BP 195 EP 219 DI 10.1080/02723646.2014.888510 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH1EN UT WOS:000335862700002 ER PT J AU Fox, HE Holtzman, JL Haisfield, KM McNally, CG Cid, GA Mascia, MB Parks, JE Pomeroy, RS AF Fox, Helen E. Holtzman, Jed L. Haisfield, Kelly M. McNally, Catherine G. Cid, Gonzalo A. Mascia, Michael B. Parks, John E. Pomeroy, Robert S. TI How Are Our MPAs Doing? Challenges in Assessing Global Patterns in Marine Protected Area Performance SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE marine conservation; monitoring and evaluation; and socioeconomic indicators; governance; biophysical; marine protected area (MPA) performance ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; CORAL-REEF MANAGEMENT; FISH POPULATIONS; RESERVES; PHILIPPINES; FISHERIES; BENEFITS; SCIENCE; GOVERNANCE; HISTORY AB Without effective management, protected areas are unlikely to achieve the high expectations the conservation and development sectors have for them: conserving biodiversity and alleviating poverty. Numerous marine protected area (MPA) assessment initiatives have been developed at various spatial and temporal scales, including the guidebook How is your MPA doing? These management assessments have been useful to sites to clarify and evaluate their objectives, yet efforts to examine broader regional or global patterns in MPA performance are only beginning. The authors conducted exploratory trend analyses on How is your MPA doing? indicator data collected by 24 MPAs worldwide to identify challenges and areas for future work. Wide variability across sites with regard to the indicators examined and the constructs used to measure them prevented a true meta-analysis. Managers assessed biophysical indicators more often than socioeconomic and governance constructs. Investment by the conservation community to support collecting and reporting high-quality data at the site level would enable a better understanding of the variation in MPA performance, clarify the contribution of MPAs to both biodiversity conservation and poverty alleviation, and help drive better MPA performance. The absence of rigorous and consistent monitoring protocols and instruments and a platform to turn raw MPA monitoring data into actionable information is a critical but under-recognized obstacle to cross-project learning, comparative analyses, and adaptive resource management. C1 [Fox, Helen E.; Holtzman, Jed L.; Haisfield, Kelly M.; Mascia, Michael B.] World Wildlife Fund, Conservat Sci Program, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Holtzman, Jed L.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [McNally, Catherine G.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Cid, Gonzalo A.] NOAA, Int Program Off, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Parks, John E.] Marine Management Solut LLC, Honolulu, HI USA. [Pomeroy, Robert S.] Univ Connecticut Avery Point Groton, Agr & Resource Econ CT Sea Grant, Groton, CT USA. RP Fox, HE (reprint author), World Wildlife Fund, Conservat Sci Program, 1250 24th St,NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM Helen.fox@wwfus.org OI Parks, John/0000-0003-4363-3783; Mascia, Michael/0000-0002-9874-9778 NR 65 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 10 U2 83 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 EI 1521-0421 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PD MAY 4 PY 2014 VL 42 IS 3 BP 207 EP 226 DI 10.1080/08920753.2014.904178 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AG1YO UT WOS:000335212300001 ER PT J AU Rehr, AP Williams, GD Tolimieri, N Levin, PS AF Rehr, Amanda P. Williams, Gregory D. Tolimieri, Nick Levin, Phillip S. TI Impacts of Terrestrial and Shoreline Stressors on Eelgrass in Puget Sound: An Expert Elicitation SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE expert elicitation probabilistic model; eelgrass; Zostera marina; recovery target ID ZOSTERA-MARINA L.; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; FOOD-WEB; ESTUARINE; BAY; EUTROPHICATION; RESTORATION; DECLINE; MODELS; UNCERTAINTY AB We used expert elicitation to examine potential responses of eelgrass to several restoration strategies in Puget Sound. Restoration strategies included shoreline armor removal and modification, removal and modification of overwater structures, and efforts to improve water clarity via reductions in anthropogenic nutrient and sediment loadings. Expert responses indicated a general belief that reducing stressors would increase eelgrass cover; however, responses varied greatly among stressors. Our analyses revealed that removal of overwater structures, nutrient loading and shoreline armoring will have significantly larger effects on eelgrass recovery than would removal of sediment loading, with removal of overwater structures having the largest effect. We then used a probabilistic model to estimate what actions, singularly or in combination, could yield a large increase in eelgrass cover. Reducing single stressors could, in theory, result in recovery of eelgrass in Puget Sound; however, the magnitude of actions required would be so great that it is likely not practical. In contrast, we identified combinations of smaller reductions of stressors that could achieve significant eelgrass recovery. For example, a 40% reduction in overwater structures, combined with 20% reductions in shoreline armor, and nutrient and sediment loadings, was predicted to be one of the more feasible combinations of actions for meeting the target. The importance of eelgrass to Puget requires prompt input of scientific advice, and this work fills an important knowledge gap in the face of rapidly approaching legislative deadlines. While coded expert opinion of the sort we use here is a weak substitute for data, our work clarifies the current extent of scientific uncertainty that can guide management action in the near term and scientific research in the long term. C1 [Rehr, Amanda P.; Williams, Gregory D.; Tolimieri, Nick; Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Levin, PS (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM phil.levin@noaa.gov FU Environmental Protection Agency [13-923277-01] FX This work was supported by Environmental Protection Agency Grant 13-923277-01 to PSL. NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 EI 1521-0421 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PD MAY 4 PY 2014 VL 42 IS 3 BP 246 EP 262 DI 10.1080/08920753.2014.904195 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AG1YO UT WOS:000335212300003 ER PT J AU Presser, C Conny, JM Nazarian, A AF Presser, Cary Conny, Joseph M. Nazarian, Ashot TI Filter Material Effects on Particle Absorption Optical Properties SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL LIGHT-ABSORPTION; INTEGRATING PLATE METHOD; BLACK CARBON MEASUREMENTS; RESPONSE-SURFACE; AIR-QUALITY; CALIBRATION; INSTRUMENT; PHOTOMETRY; SOOT; AETHALOMETER AB Absorption enhancement and shadowing effects were investigated for nigrosin-laden quartz (fibrous), Teflon (matted), and polycarbonate (membrane) filters in inert surroundings at different sample steady-state temperatures and particle mass loadings. Sample absorptivity was determined using a novel laser-heating technique, which is based on perturbing the sample steady-state temperature and monitoring the thermal response during decay back to steady state, along with a model for thermal energy conservation. In addition, transmissivity measurements were carried out to enable determination of the sample absorption coefficient. The results indicated that the isolated-nigrosin absorption coefficient decreased with steady-state temperature and increased with mass loading and filter pore size. Comparing the absorption coefficient for both the isolated nigrosin and nigrosin-laden filters, indicated that absorption enhancement was most significant for the Teflon filters and least significant for the polycarbonate filters. The effect became more significant as the pore size decreased, steady-state temperature increased, and particle mass loading decreased. The decrease in the isolated-nigrosin, mass-specific absorption cross-section with heavier sample loadings was attributed to shadowing effects. Copyright 2014 American Association for Aerosol Research C1 [Presser, Cary; Conny, Joseph M.; Nazarian, Ashot] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Presser, C (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,M-S 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cpresser@nist.gov NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD MAY 4 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 5 BP 515 EP 529 DI 10.1080/02786826.2014.890999 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE3MO UT WOS:000333880800007 ER PT J AU Heintz, RA Carls, MG Short, JW Rice, SD AF Heintz, Ron A. Carls, Mark G. Short, Jeffrey W. Rice, Stanley D. TI Untitled SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Letter ID EARLY-LIFE STAGES; WEATHERED CRUDE-OIL; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; HERRING CLUPEA-PALLASI; INLAND SILVERSIDES; MENIDIA-BERYLLINA; TOXICITY; EMBRYOS; ALASKA; SALMON C1 [Heintz, Ron A.; Carls, Mark G.] NOAA Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. [Short, Jeffrey W.] JWS Consulting, Juneau, AK USA. RP Heintz, RA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. EM Ron.Heintz@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 EI 1549-7860 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD MAY 4 PY 2014 VL 20 IS 3 BP 599 EP 602 DI 10.1080/10807039.2014.856219 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 294CT UT WOS:000330020700002 ER PT J AU Delgado, J AF Delgado, James TI Update From 796 Fathoms SO ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Washington, DC 22205 USA. RP Delgado, J (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Washington, DC 22205 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARCHAEOLOGICAL INST AMERICA PI BOSTON PA 656 BEACON STREET, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 0003-8113 EI 1943-5746 J9 ARCHAEOLOGY JI Archaeology PD MAY-JUN PY 2014 VL 67 IS 3 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA CB9GZ UT WOS:000349941300003 ER PT J AU Kornilov, NV Grimes, SM Massey, TN Brient, CE Carter, DE O'Donnell, JE Bateman, FB Carlson, AD Haight, RC Boukharouba, N AF Kornilov, N. V. Grimes, S. M. Massey, T. N. Brient, C. E. Carter, D. E. O'Donnell, J. E. Bateman, F. B. Carlson, A. D. Haight, R. C. Boukharouba, N. TI Development of a New Method for Measurement of Neutron Detector Efficiency up to 20 MeV SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article ID CALIBRATION; ENERGY AB A new approach to neutron detector efficiency detemination has been taken. A neutron detector has been calibrated with a Cf-252 source at low energy. The calibration can be extended to energies above 8 MeV with accelerator-based neutron sources. This techniques uses the fact that the cross section for a symmetric reaction with nucleus of atomic number A yielding a final nucleus with atomic number (2A - 1) and a neutron A + A --> (2A - 1) + n. This reaction must be symmetric about 90 degrees in the center-of-mass system. The laboratory energies for the neutrons at the paired energies differ substantially. Thus, an efficiency known at one of the two angles can be used to determine the efficiency to higher energies or, for a negative Q, to lower neutron energies. C1 [Kornilov, N. V.; Grimes, S. M.; Massey, T. N.; Brient, C. E.; Carter, D. E.; O'Donnell, J. E.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Bateman, F. B.; Carlson, A. D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Haight, R. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Boukharouba, N.] Univ Guelma, Dept Phys, Guelma 24000, Algeria. RP Massey, TN (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM massey@ohio.edu NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 EI 1095-9904 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD MAY PY 2014 VL 119 BP 413 EP 415 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2014.08.116 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA AY6XN UT WOS:000347706200232 ER PT J AU Hartten, LM LeMone, MA AF Hartten, Leslie M. LeMone, Margaret A. TI HOW REPRESENTATIVE ARE AMS MEMBERSHIP SURVEYS? SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METEOROLOGY; WOMEN AB Statistics regarding the fractional participation of women in meteorology/atmospheric sciences gathered by the AMS are quite similar to those based on annual National Science Foundation (NSF) surveys. The absolute numbers in the biennial AMS/UCAR survey of academic departments for the Curricula series ceased being useful by around 2005, when many departments stopped participating fully, but numbers from less-frequent direct AMS membership surveys have been increasing. Despite the limitations of the AMS data, the NSF statistics confirm conclusions from an earlier analysis of AMS data. Both numbers and percentages are required to tell the evolving story of the atmospheric sciences' "pipeline." Furthermore, after correction of an error regarding the AMS statistics in our 2010 paper, both NSF and AMS data show the same increase in the proportion of women graduate students in the field over the last four decades, as well as an apparent leveling off at approximately one-third. C1 [Hartten, Leslie M.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hartten, Leslie M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Phys Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [LeMone, Margaret A.] NCAR, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hartten, LM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Leslie.M.Hartten@noaa.gov RI Hartten, Leslie/F-1970-2010 OI Hartten, Leslie/0000-0002-5620-6302 FU Physical Sciences Division of the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division of NCAR FX We are grateful to Xiaoqing Wu and Bill Gallus of Iowa State University for surveying colleagues and then expressing their skepticism to us regarding the 50% number for 2004 in Fig. 8 of Hartten LeMone; and to Rajul Pandya of UCAR for directing us to the most recent NSF statistics. This work was supported by the Physical Sciences Division of the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory and by the Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division of NCAR. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 95 IS 5 BP 775 EP 779 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00058.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AL4GS UT WOS:000339091500013 ER PT J AU Jeffries, M Overland, J Perovich, D AF Jeffries, Martin Overland, James Perovich, Don TI Weighing in on the cost of research papers Reply SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 [Jeffries, Martin] US Arctic Res Commiss, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Overland, James] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Perovich, Don] US Army, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Jeffries, M (reprint author), US Arctic Res Commiss, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM martin.jeffries@navy.mil; james.e.overland@noaa.gov; donald.k.perovich@usace.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 EI 1945-0699 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD MAY PY 2014 VL 67 IS 5 BP 9 EP 9 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AO6FV UT WOS:000341446300008 ER PT J AU Thompson, WE Andrews, LS Irikura, KK AF Thompson, Warren E. Andrews, Lester S. Irikura, Karl K. TI Marilyn Esther Jacox Obituary SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Andrews, Lester S.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Irikura, Karl K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 EI 1945-0699 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD MAY PY 2014 VL 67 IS 5 BP 65 EP 65 DI 10.1063/PT.3.2391 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AO6FV UT WOS:000341446300020 ER PT J AU Hafezi, M Taylor, JM AF Hafezi, Mohammad Taylor, Jacob M. TI Topological physics with light SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Editorial Material ID STATES C1 [Hafezi, Mohammad] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Taylor, Jacob M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hafezi, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; Hafezi, Mohammad/A-1197-2008 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; Hafezi, Mohammad/0000-0003-1679-4880 NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 EI 1945-0699 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD MAY PY 2014 VL 67 IS 5 BP 68 EP 69 DI 10.1063/PT.3.2394 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AO6FV UT WOS:000341446300023 ER PT J AU Li, D Bou-Zeid, E Oppenheimer, M AF Li, Dan Bou-Zeid, Elie Oppenheimer, Michael TI The effectiveness of cool and green roofs as urban heat island mitigation strategies SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE green roof; cool roof; urban canopy model; urban heat island mitigation; WRF ID ENERGY PERFORMANCE; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; CANOPY MODEL; WATER; SENSITIVITY; SIMULATION; SCALES; CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT; IMPACTS AB Mitigation of the urban heat island (UHI) effect at the city-scale is investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in conjunction with the Princeton Urban Canopy Model (PUCM). Specifically, the cooling impacts of green roof and cool (white/high-albedo) roof strategies over the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area during a heat wave period (7 June-10 June 2008) are assessed using the optimal set-up of WRF-PUCM described in the companion paper by Li and Bou-Zeid (2014). Results indicate that the surface UHI effect (defined based on the urban-rural surface temperature difference) is reduced significantly more than the near-surface UHI effect (defined based on urban-rural 2 m air temperature difference) when these mitigation strategies are adopted. In addition, as the green and cool roof fractions increase, the surface and near-surface UHIs are reduced almost linearly. Green roofs with relatively abundant soil moisture have comparable effect in reducing the surface and near-surface UHIs to cool roofs with an albedo value of 0.7. Significant indirect effects are also observed for both green and cool roof strategies; mainly, the low-level advection of atmospheric moisture from rural areas into urban terrain is enhanced when the fraction of these roofs increases, thus increasing the humidity in urban areas. The additional benefits or penalties associated with modifications of the main physical determinants of green or cool roof performance are also investigated. For green roofs, when the soil moisture is increased by irrigation, additional cooling effect is obtained, especially when the 'unmanaged' soil moisture is low. The effects of changing the albedo of cool roofs are also substantial. These results also underline the capabilities of the WRF-PUCM framework to support detailed analysis and diagnosis of the UHI phenomenon, and of its different mitigation strategies. C1 [Li, Dan; Bou-Zeid, Elie] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Oppenheimer, Michael] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Oppenheimer, Michael] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Li, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM danl@princeton.edu RI Li, Dan /G-5794-2015 FU US National Science Foundation [CBET-1058027]; Princeton Environmental Institute-Science, Technology, and Environmental Policy fellowship FX This study was funded by the US National Science Foundation under Grant CBET-1058027 and the Princeton Environmental Institute-Science, Technology, and Environmental Policy fellowship. The authors would like to thank Ting Sun from Tsinghua University for his help in implementing the model for green roof in WRF. The simulations were performed on the supercomputing clusters of the National Center for Atmospheric Research through project P36861020. NR 61 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 16 U2 107 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 9 IS 5 AR 055002 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/9/5/055002 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM5GM UT WOS:000339885100010 ER PT J AU Li, D Bou-Zeid, E AF Li, Dan Bou-Zeid, Elie TI Quality and sensitivity of high-resolution numerical simulation of urban heat islands SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE urban canopy model; urban heat island; thermal roughness length; WRF ID GREEN ROOF PERFORMANCE; ENERGY-BALANCE; AIR-QUALITY; MODEL; WAVES; IMPACT; CITIES; PARAMETERIZATIONS; URBANIZATION; TEMPERATURES AB High-resolution numerical simulations of the urban heat island (UHI) effect with the widely-used Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are assessed. Both the sensitivity of the results to the simulation setup, and the quality of the simulated fields as representations of the real world, are investigated. Results indicate that the WRF-simulated surface temperatures are more sensitive to the planetary boundary layer (PBL) scheme choice during nighttime, and more sensitive to the surface thermal roughness length parameterization during daytime. The urban surface temperatures simulated by WRF are also highly sensitive to the urban canopy model (UCM) used. The implementation in this study of an improved UCM (the Princeton UCM or PUCM) that allows the simulation of heterogeneous urban facets and of key hydrological processes, together with the so-called CZ09 parameterization for the thermal roughness length, significantly reduce the bias (<1.5 degrees C) in the surface temperature fields as compared to satellite observations during daytime. The boundary layer potential temperature profiles are captured by WRF reasonable well at both urban and rural sites; the biases in these profiles relative to aircraft-mounted senor measurements are on the order of 1.5 degrees C. Changing UCMs and PBL schemes does not alter the performance of WRF in reproducing bulk boundary layer temperature profiles significantly. The results illustrate the wide range of urban environmental conditions that various configurations of WRF can produce, and the significant biases that should be assessed before inferences are made based on WRF outputs. The optimal set-up of WRF-PUCM developed in this paper also paves the way for a confident exploration of the city-scale impacts of UHI mitigation strategies in the companion paper (Li et al 2014). C1 [Li, Dan; Bou-Zeid, Elie] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Li, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM danl@princeton.edu RI Li, Dan /G-5794-2015 FU US National Science Foundation [CBET-1058027]; Princeton Environmental Institute-Science, Technology, and Environmental Policy fellowship FX This study was funded by the US National Science Foundation under Grant CBET-1058027 and the Princeton Environmental Institute-Science, Technology, and Environmental Policy fellowship. The authors would like to thank James A Smith, Mary-Lynn Baeck and Maofeng Liu from Princeton University and Ting Sun from Tsinghua University for their help in obtaining and processing some of the observational datasets. The simulations were performed on the supercomputing clusters of the National Center for Atmospheric Research through project P36861020. NR 60 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 51 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 9 IS 5 AR 055001 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/9/5/055001 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM5GM UT WOS:000339885100009 ER PT J AU Kramida, A AF Kramida, Alexander TI ENERGY LEVELS AND SPECTRAL LINES OF QUADRUPLY IONIZED IRON (Fe v) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atomic data; infrared: general; line: identification; methods: data analysis; techniques: spectroscopic; ultraviolet: general ID RR TELESCOPII; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; ELEMENTS; NICKEL AB This paper, combining a critical compilation with new calculations, provides revised comprehensive lists of recommended energy levels, observed spectral lines, and transition probabilities in the spectrum of quadruply ionized iron (Fe v). The new level optimization made in this work is based on critically assessed uncertainties of about 2000 wavelengths previously measured with grating spectrographs. For 80% of energy levels, relative uncertainties have been reduced by a factor of three on average, compared with previously reported uncertainties. For 65% of observed lines, uncertainties of the new Ritz wavelengths are smaller than those of observed wavelengths by a factor of four on average. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kramida, A (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alexander.kramida@nist.gov OI Kramida, Alexander/0000-0002-0788-8087 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNH10AN38I] FX This work was partially supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under interagency agreement NNH10AN38I. Help provided by Dr. Jun Yan of the Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing, China in preparation of the data tables is greatly appreciated. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 212 IS 1 AR 11 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/212/1/11 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AL6HG UT WOS:000339232600011 ER PT J AU Kondratyev, D Vainshtein, L Bray, I Fursa, D Ralchenko, Y AF Kondratyev, Dmitry Vainshtein, Leonid Bray, Igor Fursa, Dmitry Ralchenko, Yuri TI Atomic data and collisional-radiative model for beryllium and its ions SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Research and Applications of Plasmas (PLASMA) CY SEP 02-06, 2013 CL Inst Plasma Phys & Laser Microfus, Warsaw, POLAND SP Polish Phys Soc HO Inst Plasma Phys & Laser Microfus DE elementary processes; beryllium; collisional-radiative model ID ELEMENTS AB In this work we present a collisional-radiative model constructed for all ionization stages of beryllium. Convergent close-coupling, K-matrix and Coulomb-Born-exchange methods were applied to calculate the necessary atomic data. For the neutral beryllium atom a comparison of all methods is given. Fractional ion abundances, radiative power losses and electron cooling rates were calculated as functions of electron temperature. The comparison with other available data shows a rather good agreement. C1 [Kondratyev, Dmitry] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Research Plasma Phys, EURATOM Assoc, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Vainshtein, Leonid] RAS, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Bray, Igor; Fursa, Dmitry] Curtin Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Antimatter Matter Studies, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Ralchenko, Yuri] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kondratyev, D (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Research Plasma Phys, EURATOM Assoc, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM d.kondratyev@fz-juelich.de RI Bray, Igor/B-8586-2009; Fursa, Dmitry/C-2301-2009; Vainshtein, Leonid/N-5038-2015; Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Bray, Igor/0000-0001-7554-8044; Fursa, Dmitry/0000-0002-3951-9016; Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 FU EFDA fusion researcher fellowship FX This work was supported in part (DK) by an EFDA fusion researcher fellowship. The authors would like to thank Professor Dr D Reiter and Dr O Marchuk for stimulating discussions and support of this work. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 EI 1402-4896 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD MAY PY 2014 VL T161 AR 014007 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2014/T161/014007 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AM1PP UT WOS:000339620200008 ER PT J AU Reeves, RW Lorenz, E AF Reeves, Robert W. Lorenz, Edward TI EDWARD LORENZ REVISITING THE LIMITS OF PREDICTABILITY AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS An Interview From 2007 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material AB The transcript of an interview with Professor Edward Lorenz in November 2007 is presented. The interview was a part of a larger effort to document the history of operational long-range prediction in the United States. The primary purpose of the interview was to elicit Lorenz's assessment of the reaction of the numerical modeling research community to his findings on the limits of weather prediction. The observations of individuals who were active at the time of Lorenz's study are also included, including the operational community. Lorenz indicated that his closest colleagues understood the implications of his study immediately. C1 NOAA, NWS, OCWWS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Reeves, RW (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, OCWWS, 1325 East West Highway,Stn 13378, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM robert.reeves@noaa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 95 IS 5 BP 681 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00096.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AL4GS UT WOS:000339091500006 ER PT J AU O'Toole, AJ Natu, V An, XB Rice, A Ryland, J Phillips, PJ AF O'Toole, Alice J. Natu, Vaidehi An, Xiaobo Rice, Allyson Ryland, James Phillips, P. Jonathon TI The neural representation of faces and bodies in motion and at rest SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article ID VENTRAL TEMPORAL CORTEX; HUMAN VISUAL-CORTEX; HUMAN OBJECT AREAS; HUMAN-BODY; FUSIFORM GYRUS; MOVING FACES; BRAIN-AREAS; PERCEPTION; FMRI; RECOGNITION AB The neural organization of person processing relies on brain regions functionally selective for faces or bodies, with a subset of these regions preferring moving stimuli. Although the response properties of the individual areas are well established, less is known about the neural response to a whole person in a natural environment. Targeting an area of cortex that spans multiple functionally-selective face and body regions, we examined the relationship among neural activity patterns elicited in response to faces, bodies, and people in static and moving displays. When both stimuli were static or moving, pattern classification analyses indicated highly discriminable responses to faces, bodies, and whole people. Neural discrimination transferred in both directions between representations created from moving or static stimuli. It transferred also to stimuli experienced across static and dynamic presentations (one static and the other dynamic). In both transfer cases, however, discrimination accuracy decreased relative to the case where the representations were both created and tested with static or moving forms. Next, we examined the relative contribution of activity pattern and response magnitude to discrimination by comparing classifiers that operated with magnitude-normalized scans with classifiers that retained pattern and magnitude information. When both stimuli were moving or static, response magnitude contributed to classification, but the spatially distributed activity pattern accounted for most of the discrimination. Across static and moving presentations, activity pattern accounted completely for the discriminability of neural responses to faces, bodies, and people, with no contribution from response magnitude. Combined, the results indicate redundant and flexible access to person-based shape codes from moving and static presentations. The transfer of shape information across presentation types that preferentially access dorsal and ventral visual processing streams indicates that a common shape code may ground functional divisions in the processing of face and body information. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Toole, Alice J.; Natu, Vaidehi; An, Xiaobo; Rice, Allyson; Ryland, James] Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Phillips, P. Jonathon] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP O'Toole, AJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Sch Behav & Brain Sci, GR4-1,800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. EM otoole@utdallas.edu FU DOD FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support for scan time from the Advanced Imaging Research Center at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX. The work was funded, in part, by the DOD. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1053-8119 EI 1095-9572 J9 NEUROIMAGE JI Neuroimage PD MAY 1 PY 2014 VL 91 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.01.038 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AL1VJ UT WOS:000338914100001 PM 24486831 ER PT J AU McGillicuddy, DJ Brosnahan, ML Couture, DA He, R Keafer, BA Manning, JP Martin, JL Pilskaln, CH Townsend, DW Anderson, DM AF McGillicuddy, D. J., Jr. Brosnahan, M. L. Couture, D. A. He, R. Keafer, B. A. Manning, J. P. Martin, J. L. Pilskaln, C. H. Townsend, D. W. Anderson, D. M. TI A red tide of Alexandrium fundyense in the Gulf of Maine SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Phytoplankton; Population dynamics; Red tides; Cysts; Paralytic shellfish poisoning; USA; Gulf of Maine ID DINOFLAGELLATE GONYAULAX-EXCAVATA; PHYSICAL-BIOLOGICAL MODEL; WESTERN GULF; ALGAL BLOOMS; CELL-CYCLE; TAMARENSE; PHYTOPLANKTON; CYSTS; BIOGEOGRAPHY; HYPOTHESES AB In early July 2009, an unusually high concentration of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense occurred in the western Gulf of Maine, causing surface waters to appear reddish brown to the human eye. The discolored water appeared to be the southern terminus of a large-scale event that caused shellfish toxicity along the entire coast of Maine to the Canadian border. Rapid-response shipboard sampling efforts together with satellite data suggest the water discoloration in the western Gulf of Maine was a highly ephemeral feature of less than two weeks in duration. Flow cytometric analysis of surface samples from the red water indicated the population was undergoing sexual reproduction. Cyst fluxes downstream of the discolored water were the highest ever measured in the Gulf of Maine, and a large deposit of new cysts was observed that fall. Although the mechanisms causing this event remain unknown, its timing coincided with an anomalous period of downwelling-favorable winds that could have played a role in aggregating upward-swimming cells. Regardless of the underlying causes, this event highlights the importance of short-term episodic phenomena on regional population dynamics of A. fundyense. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McGillicuddy, D. J., Jr.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Brosnahan, M. L.; Keafer, B. A.; Anderson, D. M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Couture, D. A.] Resource Access Int, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [He, R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Maine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Manning, J. P.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Martin, J. L.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, St Andrews Biol Stn, St Andrews, NB E5B 2L9, Canada. [Pilskaln, C. H.] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. [Townsend, D. W.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP McGillicuddy, DJ (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM dmcgillicuddy@whoi.edu OI Brosnahan, Michael/0000-0002-2620-7638 FU National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service, Center through NOAA [NA17RJ1223]; NOAA [NA06NOS4780245]; Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health through National Science Foundation [OCE-0430724, OCE-0911031, OCE-1314642]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [1P50-ES01274201, 1P01ES021923-01]; Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms Program [738] FX The R/V Tioga sampling effort was facilitated by event response funding from the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service, Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research, through NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1223. Additional support for follow-up analysis and synthesis was provided by NOAA grant NA06NOS4780245 for the Gulf of Maine Toxicity (GOMTOX) program and the Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health through National Science Foundation grants OCE-0430724, OCE-0911031, and OCE-1314642, and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grants 1P50-ES01274201 and 1P01ES021923-01. This is the Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms Program contribution number 738. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 8 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 103 BP 174 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.05.011 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AL0IM UT WOS:000338810600013 PM 25170191 ER PT J AU Li, YZ He, RY Manning, JP AF Li, Yizhen He, Ruoying Manning, James P. TI Coastal connectivity in the Gulf of Maine in spring and summer of 2004-2009 SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Gulf of Maine; Coastal circulation; Connectivity; Lagrangian PDFs; Interannual variability; Source and destination strengths ID ALEXANDRIUM-FUNDYENSE BLOOM; MODELING-SYSTEM; CIRCULATION; POPULATIONS; VARIABILITY; MECHANISMS; DYNAMICS AB Coastal ocean connectivity associated with the Gulf of Maine (GOM) surface flows in spring and summer seasons of 2004-2009 is studied using surface numerical particle tracking based on realistic regional ocean circulation hindcast solutions. Seven initial particle release sites are selected in key gulf regions often affected by harmful algal (Alexandrium fundyense) blooms, including Massachusetts Bay, the western GOM coastal area, the eastern GOM coastal area, the Bay of Fundy, Wilkinson Basin, the Jordan Basin, and a region seaward of Penobscot Bay. Surface particles are released every 5 days between February 1st and August 1st in each year, and the variability in their trajectories on interannual time scales is quantified by Lagrangian probability density function calculations. Coastal connectivity is further quantified using a connectivity matrix, identifying source and destination functions. Our results suggest that the interannual variability in coastal connectivity has strong impact on the spatial distribution of A. fundyense blooms in each year. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Yizhen; He, Ruoying] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Manning, James P.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP He, RY (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, 2800 Faucette Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM rhe@ncsu.edu RI Li, Yizhen/O-3869-2015 OI Li, Yizhen/0000-0001-6565-1339 FU National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration through the ECOHAB-GOMTOX program [NA06NOS4780245] FX We thank the Northeastern Regional Association of Coastal Ocean Observing Systems (NERACOOS) for providing the mooring data used in this study. We are grateful to Drs. S. Mitarai, D. Siegel and P. Niiler for their helpful discussions on the concepts of LPDFs and eddy diffusivity. Research supports provided by the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (grant NA06NOS4780245) through the ECOHAB-GOMTOX program are greatly appreciated. This is ECOHAB contribution number 728. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 103 BP 199 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.01.037 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AL0IM UT WOS:000338810600015 ER PT J AU Kleindinst, JL Anderson, DM McGillicuddy, DJ Stumpf, RP Fisher, KM Couture, DA Hickey, JM Nash, C AF Kleindinst, Judith L. Anderson, Donald M. McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr. Stumpf, Richard P. Fisher, Kathleen M. Couture, Darcie A. Hickey, J. Michael Nash, Christopher TI Categorizing the severity of paralytic shellfish poisoning outbreaks in the Gulf of Maine for forecasting and management SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Alexandrium fundyense; Harmful algal blooms; HABs; PSP; Forecasts ID ALEXANDRIUM-FUNDYENSE BLOOM; PHYSICAL-BIOLOGICAL MODEL; VARIABILITY; MECHANISMS; ABUNDANCE; TOXICITY; DYNAMICS; US AB Development of forecasting systems for harmful algal blooms (HABs) has been a long-standing research and management goal. Significant progress has been made in the Gulf of Maine, where seasonal bloom forecasts are now being issued annually using Alexandrium fundyense cyst abundance maps and a population dynamics model developed for that organism. Thus far, these forecasts have used terms such as "significant", "moderately large" or "moderate" to convey the extent of forecasted paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) outbreaks. In this study, historical shellfish harvesting closure data along the coast of the Gulf of Maine were used to derive a series of bloom severity levels that are analogous to those used to define major storms like hurricanes or tornados. Thirty-four years of PSP-related shellfish closure data for Maine, Massachusetts and New Hampshire were collected and mapped to depict the extent of coastline closure in each year. Due to fractal considerations, different methods were explored for measuring length of coastline closed. Ultimately, a simple procedure was developed using arbitrary straight-line segments to represent specific sections of the coastline. This method was consistently applied to each year's PSP toxicity closure map to calculate the total length of coastline closed. Maps were then clustered together statistically to yield distinct groups of years with similar characteristics. A series of categories or levels was defined ("Level 1: Limited", "Level 2: Moderate", and "Level 3: Extensive") each with an associated range of expected coastline closed, which can now be used instead of vague descriptors in future forecasts. This will provide scientifically consistent and simply defined information to the public as well as resource managers who make decisions on the basis of the forecasts. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kleindinst, Judith L.; Anderson, Donald M.; McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Stumpf, Richard P.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Fisher, Kathleen M.] NOAA, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Couture, Darcie A.] Resource Access Int, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Hickey, J. Michael] Massachusetts Div Marine Fisheries, New Bedford, MA 02740 USA. [Nash, Christopher] New Hampshire Dept Environm Serv, Concord, NH 03302 USA. RP Kleindinst, JL (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jkleindinst@whoi.edu; danderson@whoi.edu; dmcgillicuddy@whoi.edu; Richard.Stumpf@noaa.gov; ktfish12@gmail.com; Darcie.Couture@att.net; Michael.Hickey@state.ma.us; Chris.Nash@des.nh.gov FU Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE-0430724, OCE-0911031]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [1-P50-ES012742-01]; ECOHAB Grant program through NOAA [NA06NOS4780245]; PCM HAB Grant program through NOAA [NA11NOS4780023] FX We thank the staff in the Maine Department of Marine Resources, the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, and the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries for their provision of historical toxicity data. Thanks also to the helpful comments from two anonymous reviewers. Research support provided through the Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, National Science Foundation (NSF) Grants OCE-0430724, and OCE-0911031; and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Grant 1-P50-ES012742-01, the ECOHAB Grant program through NOAA Grant NA06NOS4780245, and the PCM HAB Grant program through NOAA Grant NA11NOS4780023. This is ECOHAB contribution #740; PCM HAB contribution #2. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 103 BP 277 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.03.027 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AL0IM UT WOS:000338810600020 PM 25076815 ER PT J AU Hallberg, R Adcroft, A AF Hallberg, Robert Adcroft, Alistair TI An order-invariant real-to-integer conversion sum SO PARALLEL COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Order-invariant; Global sums; Parallel programming; Fixed-point; Reproducibility ID ACCURATE; SUMMATION; ERRORS AB This paper describes a technique for obtaining sums of floating point values that are independent of the order-of-operations, and thus attractive for use in global sums in massively parallel computations. The basic idea described here is to convert the floating point values into a representation using a set of long integers, with enough carry-bits to allow these integers to be summed across processors without need of carries at intermediate stages, before conversion of the final sum back to a real number. This approach is being used successfully in an earth system model, in which reproducibility of results is essential. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hallberg, Robert] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Hallberg, R (reprint author), NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Robert.Hallberg@noaa.gov; Alistair.Adcroft@noaa.gov RI Adcroft, Alistair/E-5949-2010 OI Adcroft, Alistair/0000-0001-9413-1017 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8191 EI 1872-7336 J9 PARALLEL COMPUT JI Parallel Comput. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 40 IS 5-6 BP 140 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.parco.2014.04.007 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA AK7NF UT WOS:000338614300008 ER PT J AU Castellote, M Mooney, TA Quakenbush, L Hobbs, R Goertz, C Gaglione, E AF Castellote, Manuel Mooney, T. Aran Quakenbush, Lori Hobbs, Roderick Goertz, Caroline Gaglione, Eric TI Baseline hearing abilities and variability in wild beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Noise; Marine mammal; Cetacean; Odontocete; Arctic ID AUDITORY-EVOKED POTENTIALS; BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; TEMPORARY THRESHOLD SHIFTS; BRAIN-STEM RESPONSE; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; WHITE WHALES; LAGENORHYNCHUS-ALBIROSTRIS; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; PSEUDORCA-CRASSIDENS; MARINE MAMMALS AB While hearing is the primary sensory modality for odontocetes, there are few data addressing variation within a natural population. This work describes the hearing ranges (4-150 kHz) and sensitivities of seven apparently healthy, wild beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) during a population health assessment project that captured and released belugas in Bristol Bay, Alaska. The baseline hearing abilities and subsequent variations were addressed. Hearing was measured using auditory evoked potentials (AEPs). All audiograms showed a typical cetacean U-shape; substantial variation (> 30 dB) was found between most and least sensitive thresholds. All animals heard well, up to at least 128 kHz. Two heard up to 150 kHz. Lowest auditory thresholds (35-45 dB) were identified in the range 45-80 kHz. Greatest differences in hearing abilities occurred at both the high end of the auditory range and at frequencies of maximum sensitivity. In general, wild beluga hearing was quite sensitive. Hearing abilities were similar to those of belugas measured in zoological settings, reinforcing the comparative importance of both settings. The relative degree of variability across the wild belugas suggests that audiograms from multiple individuals are needed to properly describe the maximum sensitivity and population variance for odontocetes. Hearing measures were easily incorporated into field-based settings. This detailed examination of hearing abilities in wild Bristol Bay belugas provides a basis for a better understanding of the potential impact of anthropogenic noise on a noise-sensitive species. Such information may help design noise-limiting mitigation measures that could be applied to areas heavily influenced and inhabited by endangered belugas. C1 [Castellote, Manuel; Hobbs, Roderick] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Castellote, Manuel] North Gulf Ocean Soc, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Mooney, T. Aran] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Quakenbush, Lori] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Goertz, Caroline] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Gaglione, Eric] Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. RP Mooney, TA (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM amooney@whoi.edu FU National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Regional Office (NMFS AKR); Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Arctic Research Initiative; WHOI Ocean Life Institute; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Bristol Bay Native Association; Alaska SeaLife Center; Shedd Aquarium and Mystic Aquarium.; Office of Naval Research [N000141210203] FX Project funding and field support were provided by Georgia Aquarium and the National Marine Mammal Laboratory of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center (NMML/AFSC). Field work was also supported by National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Regional Office (NMFS AKR), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Arctic Research Initiative, WHOI Ocean Life Institute, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Bristol Bay Native Association, Alaska SeaLife Center, Shedd Aquarium and Mystic Aquarium. We greatly appreciate the support from all their directors. Audiogram analyses were funded by the Office of Naval Research award number N000141210203 (from Michael Weise). NR 61 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 37 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 EI 1477-9145 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 217 IS 10 BP 1682 EP 1691 DI 10.1242/jeb.093252 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA AK6DG UT WOS:000338517700011 PM 24829324 ER PT J AU Liang, YS Eliezer, O Rajan, D Lowe, J AF Liang, Yingsi Eliezer, Oren Rajan, Dinesh Lowe, John TI WWVB Time Signal Broadcast: An Enhanced Broadcast Format and Multi-Mode Receiver SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB WWVB is a broadcast station, operated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, which has been broadcasting time information to radio-controlled clocks (RCC) throughout the continental US since 1965. The transmitted information includes the year (excluding the century), day, hour, minute, and notifications for leap seconds and for daylight saving time (DST) transitions. By receiving this information from WWVB, RCCs can acquire and maintain accurate timing and automatically adjust for DST transitions and leap seconds. The legacy amplitude modulation (AM)-based broadcast format, introduced in the 1960s, while allowing for a simple implementation of a receiver with the technology of that era, exhibits low efficiency. Consequently, RCCs based on it often fail to receive reliably, particularly in locations that are distant from the station, such as on the East Coast. To improve the station's coverage, an enhanced broadcast format, based on the addition of phase modulation (PM), was deployed in 2012. This article presents an overview of this new broadcast format and its enhanced features, including its modulation scheme, information encoding, channel coding, and transmission modes. These features enable more reliable receiver performance and greater time-keeping accuracy at reduced power consumption. Additionally, various challenges and considerations associated with the design of receivers for the new broadcast format are presented. C1 [Liang, Yingsi] So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Rajan, Dinesh] So Methodist Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Eliezer, Oren] EverSet Technol, Worthington, OH USA. [Lowe, John] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Liang, YS (reprint author), So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. EM y.liang@ieee.org; OrenE@ieee.org; rajand@lyle.smu.edu; lowe@boulder.nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology [SB134110SE0700, SB134111CN00095]; National Science Foundation [EEC-0946373] FX The work presented here was partially supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology through government grants SB134110SE0700 and SB134111CN00095 and by the National Science Foundation under grant #EEC-0946373 to the American Society for Engineering Education. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0163-6804 EI 1558-1896 J9 IEEE COMMUN MAG JI IEEE Commun. Mag. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 52 IS 5 BP 210 EP 217 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AJ9LM UT WOS:000338032200027 ER PT J AU Kabanov, YP Gornakov, VS Nikitenko, VI Shul, RD AF Kabanov, Yu. P. Gornakov, V. S. Nikitenko, V. I. Shul, R. D. TI Kinetics of magnetization reversal in a heterophase nanomagnet with spatially modulated anisotropy SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE-ANISOTROPY; NANOSTRUCTURES; ASYMMETRY; FILMS; MODEL; BIAS AB Magnetization reversal modes in a thin-film NiFeCuMo ferromagnet (FM) with periodically varying in-plane anisotropy are studied by the magneto-optical indicator film (MOIF) technique. The uni-directional anisotropy in FM regions exchange-coupled to a FeMn antiferromagnet (AFM) film in the form of square mesh stripes is alternated by the uniaxial anisotropy in the FM regions inside this mesh. It is shown that the boundaries formed along the edges of these stripes, which separate FM regions with different anisotropy, crucially influence the kinetics of domain-structure transformation in both types of FM regions. It is established that the lateral exchange anisotropy in the ferromagnet, which is determined by the stabilization of the spin distribution in the FM layer along the FM-(FM/AFM) interface, leads to the asymmetry of the magnetization reversal in FM regions bordered with an FM/AFM structure. Anisotropy of the mobility of 180-degree "charged" and "uncharged" domain walls situated, respectively, perpendicular and parallel to the unidirectional anisotropy axis is revealed. The difference observed between the mobilities of charged and uncharged domain walls is attributed to the difference in the spin distribution in these walls with respect to the unidirectional anisotropy axis and is a key factor for the difference between the magnetization reversal kinetics in horizontal and vertical exchange-biased FM stripes. Drastic differences are revealed in the asymmetry of magnetization reversal processes in mutually perpendicular narrow stripes of FM/AFM structures. Possible mechanisms of magnetization reversal in low-dimensional FM-(FM/AFM) heterostructures are discussed with regard to the effect of domain walls localized on the edges of AFM layers. C1 [Kabanov, Yu. P.; Gornakov, V. S.; Nikitenko, V. I.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Oblast, Russia. [Nikitenko, V. I.; Shul, R. D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kabanov, YP (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Oblast, Russia. EM gornakov@issp.ac.ru NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7761 EI 1090-6509 J9 J EXP THEOR PHYS+ JI J. Exp. Theor. Phys. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 118 IS 5 BP 747 EP 759 DI 10.1134/S1063776114040128 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AK3QW UT WOS:000338340800008 ER PT J AU Reisdorph, SC Mathis, JT AF Reisdorph, Stacey C. Mathis, Jeremy T. TI The dynamic controls on carbonate mineral saturation states and ocean acidification in a glacially dominated estuary SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE runoff; saturation state; ocean acidification; alkalinity; estuarine; aragonite ID GLACIER BAY; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; ALASKA; FJORD; SEA; CIRCULATION; GRADIENTS; SYSTEM; IMPACT; USA AB Recently, a number of studies have shown that the intrusion of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) into the ocean has created an acidification effect leading to the reduction in carbonate mineral saturation states (Omega). However, the uptake of atmospheric CO2 is not the only climate-induced phenomenon that leads to a reduction of Omega in marine environments. Over the past similar to 250 years, Glacier Bay, AK (GLBA) has experienced rapid deglaciation leading to an increase in the amount of freshwater entering the marine ecosystem. This excess freshwater discharge is low in total alkalinity and reduces the buffering capacity of surface waters and enhances the vulnerability of the estuary to further reductions in pH. The corresponding reduction in Omega may cause these waters to become corrosive to shell-building organisms. To better understand these processes, we collected monthly samples within GLBA that show the variability in Omega throughout the water column. Low Omega values were well correlated with the timing of maximum glacial discharge events and most prominent within the two regions where tidewater glacial discharge was highest. The saturation state with respect to aragonite reached a minimum of 0.40 at the surface during the summer of 2011 before rebounding to a maximum value of 3.26 in the spring of 2012. Aragonite was undersaturated at the surface throughout the entire bay during fall months (Sept. and Oct.). Here, we present results from a year-long study designed to constrain the effects of glacial freshwater discharge on the marine carbonate system and discern the primary controls on Omega in this pristine estuarine environment.(1) (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Reisdorph, Stacey C.; Mathis, Jeremy T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Ocean Acidificat Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Mathis, Jeremy T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Reisdorph, SC (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Ocean Acidificat Res Ctr, 245 ONeill Bldg,POB 757220, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM screisdorph@alaska.edu FU National Park Service [G7224]; NOAA Ocean Acidification Program FX Thanks to the National Park Service for supporting this work through grant number G7224 to the University of Alaska Fairbanks and the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program. We would also like to thank Seth Danielson, Lewis Sharman, Natalie Monacci, Jessica Cross, Chase Stoudt and NPS staff members in Gustavus and Juneau, AK for their help in sample collection, logistics and editing. We also want to thank the staff and visitors of Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, as well as the community of Gustavus for their support and interest in this project. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 32 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 2014 VL 144 BP 8 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2014.03.018 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AJ7MS UT WOS:000337881400002 ER PT J AU Pan, CH Flynn, L Buss, R Wu, XQ Yu, W Grotenhuis, M AF Pan, Chunhui Flynn, L. Buss, Rich Wu, Xiangqian Yu, W. Grotenhuis, Michael TI Performance Monitoring of the S-NPP Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite's Sensor Data Records SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Calibration; charge coupled device (CCD); ozone mapping and profiler suite (OMPS); remote sensing; sensor data record (SDR); Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) AB Launched on October 28, 2011, the S-NPP satellite carried an ozone mapping and profiler suite (OMPS) of sensors. OMPS opened its aperture door on January 26, 2012 to begin its Earth observation mission. After an early orbit checkout of the sensors for a couple of months and an intensive evaluation of the sensor data for several more months, an initial on-orbit calibration for OMPS was established using data acquired during these periods. To date in 2013, this sensor system calibration has been applied to produce OMPS nadir sensor data records (SDRs) and the resulting ozone environment data records (EDRs). This paper provides an evaluation of the combined performance of the orbital OMPS nadir sensors coupled with the ground data processing system for the current SDR's provisional status, and offers lessons learned during the first 1.5 years of operation. Examples of the sensors' short-term and limited long-term responses are provided, including cross-comparisons of OMPS EDRs with concurrent solar backscatter ultraviolet instrument (SBUV2) data from other NOAA orbital sensors, to illustrate the on-orbit stability of the data products despite some secular changes to the calibration and sensor. C1 [Pan, Chunhui] Univ Maryland, Coll Comp Math & Phys Sci, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Interdisciplinary Ctr ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Flynn, L.; Wu, Xiangqian] Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NOAA, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Buss, Rich] Innovim Co LLC, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Yu, W.] Syst Grp IMSG Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Grotenhuis, Michael] Earth Resources Technol ERT Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. RP Pan, CH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Coll Comp Math & Phys Sci, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Interdisciplinary Ctr ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM chpan@umd.edu; lawrence.e.flynn@noaa.gov; richard.buss@noaa.gov; xiangqian.wu@noaa.gov; wei.yu@noaa.gov; michael.grotenhuis@noaa.gov RI Grotenhuis, Michael/G-1195-2010; Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010 OI Grotenhuis, Michael/0000-0002-6236-864X; Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614; Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650 FU NOAA Grant (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-CICS) at the University of Maryland [NA09NES4400006] FX This work was supported by the NOAA Grant NA09NES4400006 (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-CICS) at the University of Maryland. The sensor data used in our analyses were provided by NOAA Comprehensive Large Array-Data Stewardship System and the JPSS Project GRAVITE System. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. government. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 EI 2151-1535 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 7 IS 5 SI SI BP 1763 EP 1770 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2014.2319738 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AJ7TQ UT WOS:000337900700037 ER PT J AU Poe, MR Norman, KC Levin, PS AF Poe, Melissa R. Norman, Karma C. Levin, Phillip S. TI Cultural Dimensions of Socioecological Systems: Key Connections and Guiding Principles for Conservation in Coastal Environments SO CONSERVATION LETTERS LA English DT Review DE Biocultural landscapes; coastal and marine conservation; cultural dimensions; human-environment interactions ID ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; TRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE; FISHERIES; GOVERNANCE; POLITICS; COMANAGEMENT; SUBSISTENCE; INTEGRATION; COMMUNITY; PEOPLE AB Environments are complex socioecological systems demanding interdisciplinary research and conservation. Despite significant progress in characterizing socioecological complexity, including important inroads for measuring human wellbeing through ecosystem services approaches, cultural interactions with ecosystems remain poorly understood. Inadequate knowledge of cultural dimensions of ecosystems challenges the ability of conservation professionals to include these considerations in their programs. Ecosystem-based conservation without cultural considerations is not only insufficient, it risks producing unaccounted negative impacts to communities and misses an opportunity to build culturally meaningful alternatives. This mini review of relevant social science identifies five key cultural dimensions of ecosystems, highlighting examples from coastal North America. These key dimensions are: meanings, values, and identities; knowledge and practice; governance and access; livelihoods; and interactions with biophysical environments. We outline guiding principles for addressing these connections in integrated conservation research and application. Finally, we discuss potential methodologies to help improve interdisciplinary assessment and monitoring of cultural dimensions of conservation. C1 [Poe, Melissa R.; Norman, Karma C.; Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Poe, MR (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM melissa.poe@noaa.gov NR 60 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 9 U2 68 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-263X J9 CONSERV LETT JI Conserv. Lett. PD MAY-JUN PY 2014 VL 7 IS 3 BP 166 EP 175 DI 10.1111/conl.12068 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA AJ3TJ UT WOS:000337590000004 ER PT J AU Little, LR Parslow, J Fay, G Grafton, RQ Smith, ADM Punt, AE Tuck, GN AF Little, L. Richard Parslow, John Fay, Gavin Grafton, R. Quentin Smith, Anthony D. M. Punt, Andre E. Tuck, Geoffrey N. TI Environmental Derivatives, Risk Analysis, and Conservation Management SO CONSERVATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Bio-economic modeling; conservation finance; environmental derivatives; environmental risk analysis; management strategy evaluation; recovery costs; restoration ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; STRATEGY EVALUATION; HARVEST STRATEGIES; RESTORATION; UNCERTAINTY; INVESTMENT; AUSTRALIA; ABUNDANCE; SOUTHERN; IMPACTS AB Two key challenges in conservation management are: (1) how to quantify and manage the risk that natural populations will fall below critical thresholds and (2) how to fund recovery plans should a population do so. Statistically estimated, process-based simulation models of two distinct fish populations are used to forecast the species population levels, and capture the risk of crossing a management defined trigger point. We show how to calculate the environmental derivative price, which is the amount a risk-neutral investor would require for promising a pay-out should the species abundance fall below the trigger level. The approach provides the potential for environmental derivatives to support species recovery, and a method for measuring the underlying health of a managed population and calculating risk-cost tradeoffs among alternative management strategies. C1 [Little, L. Richard; Parslow, John; Fay, Gavin; Smith, Anthony D. M.; Punt, Andre E.; Tuck, Geoffrey N.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. [Little, L. Richard; Parslow, John; Fay, Gavin; Smith, Anthony D. M.; Punt, Andre E.; Tuck, Geoffrey N.] CSIRO Wealth Oceans Flagship, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. [Fay, Gavin] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Grafton, R. Quentin] Australian Natl Univ, Crawford Sch Publ Policy, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Little, LR (reprint author), CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. EM Rich.Little@csiro.au RI Grafton, R. Quentin/A-5277-2008; Little, Rich/E-7578-2011; Tuck, Geoffrey/E-2356-2012 OI Grafton, R. Quentin/0000-0002-0048-9083; Little, Rich/0000-0002-5650-7391; Tuck, Geoffrey/0000-0002-3640-6147 FU CSIRO Wealth from Oceans Flagship FX We would like to acknowledge the CSIRO condor cycle harvesting system for the computing capability to complete this work. Funding was provided by the CSIRO Wealth from Oceans Flagship. Rich Hillary and Fabio Boschetti are thanked for comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. The manuscript was also improved based on comments from the editors and several anonymous reviewers. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-263X J9 CONSERV LETT JI Conserv. Lett. PD MAY-JUN PY 2014 VL 7 IS 3 BP 196 EP 207 DI 10.1111/conl.12041 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA AJ3TJ UT WOS:000337590000007 ER PT J AU Golding, J Steer, CD Lowery, T Jones, R Hibbeln, JR AF Golding, Jean Steer, Colin D. Lowery, Tony Jones, Robert Hibbeln, Joseph R. TI Fish Consumption and Blood Mercury Levels: Golding et al. Respond SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter ID UK TOTAL DIET C1 [Golding, Jean; Steer, Colin D.] Univ Bristol, Ctr Child & Adolescent Hlth, Bristol, RI 02809 USA. [Lowery, Tony] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Seafood Inspect Lab, Pascagoula, MS USA. [Jones, Robert] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inorgan & Radiat Analyt Toxicol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hibbeln, Joseph R.] NIAAA, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Golding, J (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Ctr Child & Adolescent Hlth, Bristol, RI 02809 USA. EM Jean.Golding@bristol.ac.uk OI Golding, Jean/0000-0003-2826-3307 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 122 IS 5 BP A120 EP A121 DI 10.1289/ehp.1307997R PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AJ3ZC UT WOS:000337606300004 PM 24787643 ER PT J AU Weber, TC Mayer, L Jerram, K Beaudoin, J Rzhanov, Y Lovalvo, D AF Weber, Thomas C. Mayer, Larry Jerram, Kevin Beaudoin, Jonathan Rzhanov, Yuri Lovalvo, Dave TI Acoustic estimates of methane gas flux from the seabed in a 6000 km(2) region in the Northern Gulf of Mexico SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID BUBBLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; HYDROCARBON SEEPS; WATER COLUMN; BLACK-SEA; HYDRATE; OCEAN; FISH; QUANTIFICATION; ENVIRONMENT; ATMOSPHERE AB Seeps of free methane gas escaping the seabed can be found throughout the ocean basins. To understand the role of methane gas seeps in the global carbon cycle-including both gas added to the atmosphere and that which is dissolved and potentially oxidized in the ocean volume-it is important to quantify the amount of methane escaping the seabed. Few large-scale mapping projects of natural methane seeps have been undertaken, however, and even among these, quantitative estimates of flux are rare. Here we use acoustic mapping techniques to survey 357 natural methane seeps in a large region (6000 km(2)) of the northern Gulf of Mexico and outline a general approach for methane seep mapping using a combination of multibeam and split-beam echo sounders. Using additional measurements collected with a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) together with the acoustic mapping results, we estimate the total gas flux within the 6000 km(2) region to be between 0.0013 and 0.16 Tg/yr, or between 0.003 and 0.3% of the current estimates for global seabed methane seepage rates. C1 [Weber, Thomas C.; Mayer, Larry; Jerram, Kevin; Beaudoin, Jonathan; Rzhanov, Yuri] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Lovalvo, Dave] NOAA, Off Explorat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Weber, TC (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM tom.weber@unh.edu RI Weber, Thomas/H-2428-2012 OI Weber, Thomas/0000-0001-8320-361X FU NOAA [NA05N0S4001153] FX This work was supported under NOAA grant NA05N0S4001153. We would like to acknowledge the NOAA Office of Exploration and Research, who provided the NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer and the Little Hercules ROV for this work. The work of the NOAA OER expedition team in 2012, including science lead J. Austin and an excellent team of ROV engineers and pilots is greatly appreciated. We also would like to acknowledge J. Greinert, whose comments and suggestions helped improve this manuscript. NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1911 EP 1925 DI 10.1002/2014GC005271 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AJ4EQ UT WOS:000337625100014 ER PT J AU Lu, YH Meyers, PA Robbins, JA Eadie, BJ Hawley, N Ji, KH AF Lu, Yue Han Meyers, Philip A. Robbins, John A. Eadie, Brian J. Hawley, Nathan Ji, Kang Hyeun TI Sensitivity of sediment geochemical proxies to coring location and corer type in a large lake: Implications for paleolimnological reconstruction SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID AQUATIC ORGANIC MATERIALS; CENTRAL BASIN; GREAT-LAKES; BIOGEOCHEMICAL DYNAMICS; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; DELTA-N-15 VALUES; HIGH-RESOLUTION; ERIE; CARBON; DELTA-C-13 AB We compared a suite of geochemical proxies in sediment cores collected in 1982, 1988, 1991, and 2003 from sites near the depocenter of Lake Erie to evaluate the reliability of paleoenvironmental reconstructions derived from lacustrine sediments. Our proxies included the concentrations and carbon isotopic compositions of organic and inorganic carbon (TOC, CaCO3, delta C-13(org), and delta C-13(CaCO3)), augmented by organic C to total N ratios (C-org:N-tot), delta N-15, and carbonate delta O-18 values (delta O-18(CaCO3)). The three coring sites were clustered within 12 km; two types of corers-a Box corer and a Benthos gravity corer-were used for the 1991 sampling campaign. The variance of most proxies was accounted for not only by temporal environmental changes but also by coring locations and corer type, indicating that sediment spatial heterogeneity and differences in sediment recovery due to the use of different corers also played a part in determining the geochemical compositions of these cores. The TOC, delta C-13(org), and delta C-13(CaCO3) values showed decadal temporal patterns that were consistent between the multiple sampling campaigns. In contrast, the delta N-15, C-org:N-tot, CaCO3, and delta O-18(CaCO3) exhibited across-core differences in their temporal variations, making it difficult to extract consistent environment information from different cores. Our findings suggest that in addition to temporal environmental changes, high-resolution paleolimnological reconstruction is sensitive to many factors that could include spatial sediment heterogeneity, discontinuous sedimentation processes, bioturbation, sediment dating uncertainty, and artifacts associated with analytical and coring procedures. Therefore, multiple-core sampling and analysis are important in reliably reconstructing environmental changes, particularly for large, heterogeneous lacustrine basins. C1 [Lu, Yue Han; Ji, Kang Hyeun] Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Meyers, Philip A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Robbins, John A.; Eadie, Brian J.; Hawley, Nathan] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Lu, YH (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM yuehan.lu@ua.edu OI Meyers, Philip/0000-0002-9709-7528 NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1960 EP 1976 DI 10.1002/2013GC004989 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AJ4EQ UT WOS:000337625100017 ER PT J AU Son, J Pak, SJ Kim, J Baker, ET You, OR Son, SK Moon, JW AF Son, Juwon Pak, Sang-Joon Kim, Jonguk Baker, Edward T. You, Ok-Rye Son, Seung-Kyu Moon, Jai-Woon TI Tectonic and magmatic control of hydrothermal activity along the slow-spreading Central Indian Ridge, 8 degrees S-17 degrees S SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS; FUCA RIDGE; FIELD; DISCOVERY; METHANE; PLUMES; EXPOSURES; ACCRETION; SYSTEMS AB The complex geology and expansive axial valleys typical of slow-spreading ridges makes evaluating their hydrothermal activity a challenge. This challenge has gone largely unmet, as the most under-sampled MOR type for hydrothermal activity is slow spreading (20-55 mm/yr). Here we report the first systematic hydrothermal plume survey conducted on the Central Indian Ridge (CIR, 8 degrees S-17 degrees S), the most extensive such survey yet conducted on a slow-spreading ridge. Using a combined CTD/Miniature Autonomous Plume Recorder (MAPR) package, we used 118 vertical casts along seven segments of the CIR (similar to 700 km of ridge length) to estimate the frequency of hydrothermal activity. Evidence for hydrothermal activity (particle and methane plumes) was found on each of the seven spreading segments, with most plumes found between 3000 and 3500 m, generally <1000 m above bottom. We most commonly found plumes on asymmetric ridge sections where ultramafic massifs formed along one ridge flank near ridge-transform intersections or nontransform offsets. The estimated plume incidence (p(h)) for axial and wall casts (p(h)=0.30, 35 of 118 casts) is consistent with the existing global trend, indicating that the long-term magmatic budget on the CIR is the primary control on the spatial frequency of hydrothermal venting. Our results show that the tectonic fabric of the CIR strongly determines where hydrothermal venting is expressed, and that using only near-axial sampling might underestimate hydrothermal activity along slow-spreading and ultraslow-spreading ridges. Serpentinization is a minor contributor to the plume inventory, based on 15 profiles with methane anomalies only, predominantly at depths above the local valley walls. C1 [Son, Juwon; Pak, Sang-Joon; Kim, Jonguk; You, Ok-Rye; Son, Seung-Kyu; Moon, Jai-Woon] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Deep Sea & Seabed Resources Res Div, Ansan, South Korea. [Baker, Edward T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Deep Sea & Seabed Resources Res Div, Ansan, South Korea. EM jukim@kiost.ac OI Kim, Jonguk/0000-0003-4158-2732 FU Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries [PM57580, PM57674]; Earth-Ocean Interactions; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148] FX We thank an anonymous reviewer and F. Martinez for improving the manuscript, including the suggestion of the term "hydrochemical plume." This work was financially supported by funds from the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (PM57580 and PM57674). We thank S. J. Yang and D. J. Ham for their assistance in operating CTD and MAPR during the Indian Ridge cruises. Support for ETB was supplied by the NOAA Vents (now Earth-Ocean Interactions) Program and the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148. PMEL contribution 4044 and JISAO contribution 2153. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 15 IS 5 BP 2011 EP 2020 DI 10.1002/2013GC005206 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AJ4EQ UT WOS:000337625100020 ER PT J AU Lu, Y Garboczi, EJ AF Lu, Yang Garboczi, Edward J. TI Bridging the Gap between Random Microstructure and 3D Meshing SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE X-ray computed tomography (CT); Stereo lithography (STL) format; Virtual Cement and Concrete Testing Laboratory (VCCTL); Nonmanifold assembly; Surface mesh; Tetrahedral mesh ID LINEAR ELASTIC PROPERTIES; 3-DIMENSIONAL SHAPE-ANALYSIS; HASHIN-SHTRIKMAN BOUNDS; SURFACE MESHES; PARTICLE-SHAPE; CEMENT PASTE; POLYCRYSTALS; CONCRETE; COMPUTATION; GENERATION AB There are different ways to mathematically represent three-dimensional (3D) heterogeneous material microstructures. It is desirable to pick the representation that best bridges the gap between heterogeneous microstructure and computer-aided engineering finite element analysis. 3D cubic meshes of brick (voxel) elements can be generated for digital structures (e.g., from X-ray CT), but this work describes how simplified tetrahedral meshes, more suitable for complex mechanical problems, including crack generation, can be implemented. The mathematical representations of heterogeneous material structures considered in this paper include (1) 3D digital image microstructure, exemplified by the Virtual Cement and Concrete Testing Laboratory (VCCTL); (2) X-ray computed tomography (CT) images stacked into a 3D digital image; and (3) real-shaped sand and gravel particles, represented by spherical harmonic series, randomly placed into a 3D box to make a virtual concrete microstructure. The approach used involves a topological structure suitable for stereo lithography file (STL) representation and the development of algorithms for topological and geometric data processing to obtain a 3D simplified tetrahedral mesh that incorporates the random material structure. Mesh simplification is obtained through a set of remeshing tools to improve element quality and reduce the number of elements. During the mesh generation procedure, we combine both the aggregates and the cement paste matrix to ensure perfectly coinciding nodes at their interface. Based on the proposed procedures, a simplified surface and volume mesh of heterogeneous systems can be generated with data consistencies (e.g., no overlapping, no gap at the interfaces). (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Lu, Yang] Boise State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Lu, Yang; Garboczi, Edward J.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lu, Y (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM yanglufrank@boisestate.edu; edward.garboczi@nist.gov NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 16 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-3801 EI 1943-5487 J9 J COMPUT CIVIL ENG JI J. Comput. Civil. Eng. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 28 IS 3 AR 04014007 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000270 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA AJ4VA UT WOS:000337675000007 ER PT J AU Hahm, D Rhee, TS Kim, HC Park, J Kim, YN Shin, HC Lee, S AF Hahm, Doshik Rhee, Tae Siek Kim, Hae-Cheol Park, Jisoo Kim, Young-Nam Shin, Hyoung Chul Lee, SangHoon TI Spatial and temporal variation of net community production and its regulating factors in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE net community production; Amundsen Sea; O2; Ar; primary production; polynya ID INLET MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EXPORT PRODUCTION; OPEN-OCEAN; PHYTOPLANKTON; IRON; WATERS; ICE; SOLUBILITY; SEAWATER; BLOOMS AB We observed O2/Ar in the surface waters of the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica, during the austral summers in 2011 and 2012 to investigate the variability of net community production (NCP). Corresponding to the typical peak phytoplankton bloom period, the O2/Ar of the Amundsen Sea Polynya (ASP) reached 30% in early January 2011 and had a strong positive correlation with the sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a). In contrast, O2/Ar decreased to -10% in the sea ice zone (SIZ), which was likely associated with either net O2 consumption in the unlit area or the entrainment of deep water containing low dissolved oxygen. Near the terminal stage of the phytoplankton bloom in late February 2012, we observed the same contrasting O2/Ar features between the ASP and SIZ. However, the O2/Ar in the ASP was not >10%, which corresponded with the overall reduction in Chl-a, solar radiation, and SST compared with the corresponding values in 2011. The average net community production in the ASP was 119 +/- 79 mmol O2 m-2 d-1 in January 2011, and 23 +/- 14 mmol O2 m-2 d-1 in February 2012. The strong correlations of NCP with SST and mixed layer depth (MLD) indicate that the ASP phytoplankton bloom is likely initiated by a combination of increased light availability and SST in early summer. Low SST and variable fluorescence to maximum florescence ratio (Fv/Fm) in February indicate that decreased solar radiation and Fe availability are likely responsible for the phytoplankton bloom demise. C1 [Hahm, Doshik; Rhee, Tae Siek; Park, Jisoo; Kim, Young-Nam; Shin, Hyoung Chul; Lee, SangHoon] Korea Polar Res Inst, Inchon, South Korea. [Kim, Hae-Cheol] NOAA, IM Syst Grp, Environm Modeling Ctr, NCEP, College Pk, MD USA. RP Hahm, D (reprint author), Korea Polar Res Inst, Inchon, South Korea. EM hahm@kopri.re.kr FU Korea Polar Research Institute [PE11050, PE13410, PP13020] FX The authors wish to thank the captain and crew of the IBRV Araon for their assistance on board. This work was supported by grants from Korea Polar Research Institute (PE11050, PE13410, and PP13020). Comments and suggestions by two anonymous reviewers are gratefully acknowledged. The data for this paper are available at Korea Polar Data Center (http://kpdc.kopri.re.kr). Data IDs: KPDC_OSWMUEIMS_2011 and KPDC_OSWMUEIMS_2012. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY PY 2014 VL 119 IS 5 BP 2815 EP 2826 DI 10.1002/2013JC009762 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AJ4GU UT WOS:000337632500006 ER PT J AU Wedlund, MS Clilverd, MA Rodger, CJ Cresswell-Moorcock, K Cobbett, N Breen, P Danskin, D Spanswick, E Rodriguez, JV AF Wedlund, Mea Simon Clilverd, Mark A. Rodger, Craig J. Cresswell-Moorcock, Kathy Cobbett, Neil Breen, Paul Danskin, Donald Spanswick, Emma Rodriguez, Juan V. TI A statistical approach to determining energetic outer radiation belt electron precipitation fluxes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE electron precipitation; geomagnetic storm ID WIND STREAM INTERFACES; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; PLASMASPHERIC HISS; D-REGION; ATMOSPHERE; ZONE AB Subionospheric radio wave data from an Antarctic-Arctic Radiation-Belt (Dynamic) Deposition VLF Atmospheric Research Konsortia (AARDDVARK) receiver located in Churchill, Canada, is analyzed to determine the characteristics of electron precipitation into the atmosphere over the range 330keV precipitation flux determined by the AARDDVARK technique was found to be +/- 10%. Peak >30keV precipitation fluxes of AARDDVARK-derived precipitation flux during the main and recovery phase of the largest geomagnetic storm, which started on 4 August 2010, were >105 el cm-2s-1sr-1. The largest fluxes observed by AARDDVARK occurred on the dayside and were delayed by several days from the start of the geomagnetic disturbance. During the main phase of the disturbances, nightside fluxes were dominant. Significant differences in flux estimates between POES, AARDDVARK, and the riometer were found after the main phase of the largest disturbance, with evidence provided to suggest that >700keV electron precipitation was occurring. Currently the presence of such relativistic electron precipitation introduces some uncertainty in the analysis of AARDDVARK data, given the assumption of a power law electron precipitation spectrum. C1 [Wedlund, Mea Simon; Rodger, Craig J.; Cresswell-Moorcock, Kathy] Univ Otago, Dept Phys, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Clilverd, Mark A.; Cobbett, Neil; Breen, Paul] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Danskin, Donald] Nat Resources Canada, Geomagnet Lab, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Spanswick, Emma] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Rodriguez, Juan V.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rodriguez, Juan V.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Clilverd, MA (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM macl@bas.ac.uk RI Rodger, Craig/A-1501-2011; OI Rodger, Craig/0000-0002-6770-2707; Danskin, Donald/0000-0002-4968-9094 FU European Union Seventh Framework Programme [FP7] [263218]; New Zealand Marsden Fund; NERC, Climate programme at the British Antarctic Survey; GOES-R Risk Reduction Program FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support and enthusiasm of LeeAnn Fishback and Clifford Paddock at the Churchill Northern Studies Centre, Churchill, Canada. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007-2013] under grant agreement 263218. M. S. W., C.J.R., and K. C. M. were partly supported by the New Zealand Marsden Fund. M. A. C. would also like to acknowledge NERC funding as part of the Climate programme at the British Antarctic Survey. J.V.R. was supported by the GOES-R Risk Reduction Program. We thank the IAGA International Service on Rapid Magnetic Variations at the Observatori de l'Ebre for the SSC identifications. The OMNI data were obtained from the GSFC/SPDF OMNIWeb interface at http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov. The authors would also like to thank the reviewers for their helpful and constructive comments on this work. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 119 IS 5 BP 3961 EP 3978 DI 10.1002/2013JA019715 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AJ4DS UT WOS:000337622100053 ER PT J AU Alken, P Maus, S Luhr, H Redmon, RJ Rich, F Bowman, B O'Malley, SM AF Alken, P. Maus, S. Luehr, H. Redmon, R. J. Rich, F. Bowman, B. O'Malley, S. M. TI Geomagnetic main field modeling with DMSP SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE geomagnetic field; modeling; DMSP; main field ID EARTHS MAGNETIC-FIELD; 11TH GENERATION; SATELLITE DATA; POMME; CHAMP AB The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) launches and maintains a network of satellites to monitor the meteorological, oceanographic, and solar-terrestrial physics environments. In the past decade, geomagnetic field modelers have focused much attention on magnetic measurements from missions such as CHAMP, Orsted, and SAC-C. With the completion of the CHAMP mission in 2010, there has been a multiyear gap in satellite-based vector magnetic field measurements available for main field modeling. In this study, we calibrate the special sensor magnetometer instrument on board DMSP to create a data set suitable for main field modeling. These vector field measurements are calibrated to compute instrument timing shifts, scale factors, offsets, and nonorthogonality angles of the fluxgate magnetometer cores. Euler angles are then computed to determine the orientation of the vector magnetometer with respect to a local coordinate system. We fit a degree 15 main field model to the data set and compare with the World Magnetic Model and Orsted scalar measurements. We call this model DMSP-MAG-1, and its coefficients and software are available for download at http://geomag.org/models/dmsp.html. Our results indicate that the DMSP data set will be a valuable source for main field modeling for the years between CHAMP and the recently launched Swarm mission. C1 [Alken, P.; Maus, S.; Redmon, R. J.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Luehr, H.] Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, German Res Ctr Geosci, GFZ, Potsdam, Germany. [Rich, F.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. [Bowman, B.] Space Environm Technol, Pacific Palisades, CA USA. [O'Malley, S. M.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. RP Alken, P (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM patrick.alken@noaa.gov OI Maus, Stefan/0000-0002-9604-3878 FU Space Agency of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) through Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology; Ministry of Trade and Industry; Ministry of Research and Information Technology; Ministry of Transport in Denmark FX The DMSP magnetometer data are publicly available from the NOAA National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) through arrangement with the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP). The CHAMP mission was sponsored by the Space Agency of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) through funds of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology. The Orsted Project was made possible by extensive support from the Ministry of Trade and Industry, the Ministry of Research and Information Technology, and the Ministry of Transport in Denmark. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 119 IS 5 BP 4010 EP 4025 DI 10.1002/2013JA019754 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AJ4DS UT WOS:000337622100056 ER PT J AU Pirollo, KF Rait, A Hwang, S Dagata, JA Zon, G Hogrefe, RI Chang, EH AF Pirollo, Kathleen F. Rait, Antonina Hwang, SungHee Dagata, John A. Zon, Gerald Hogrefe, Richard I. Chang, Esther H. TI A Tumor Targeting Delivery System for Realizing siRNA as an Anti-Cancer Nanomedicine SO MOLECULAR THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Gene-and-Cell-Therapy (ASGCT) CY MAY 21-24, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Gene & Cell Therapy, Genzyme C1 [Pirollo, Kathleen F.; Rait, Antonina; Hwang, SungHee; Chang, Esther H.] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Dagata, John A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zon, Gerald; Hogrefe, Richard I.] TriLink Biotechnol, San Diego, CA USA. [Chang, Esther H.] SynerGene Therapeut Inc, Potomac, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1525-0016 EI 1525-0024 J9 MOL THER JI Mol. Ther. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 22 SU 1 MA 669 BP S259 EP S259 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA AI9ED UT WOS:000337231300661 ER PT J AU Baek, B Rippard, WH Benz, SP Russek, SE Dresselhaus, PD AF Baek, Burm Rippard, William H. Benz, Samuel P. Russek, Stephen E. Dresselhaus, Paul D. TI Hybrid superconducting-magnetic memory device using competing order parameters SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS; PI-SHIFTERS; SPINTRONICS; CIRCUITS AB In a hybrid superconducting-magnetic device, two order parameters compete, with one type of order suppressing the other. Recent interest in ultra-low-power, high-density cryogenic memories has spurred new efforts to simultaneously exploit superconducting and magnetic properties so as to create novel switching elements having these two competing orders. Here we describe a reconfigurable two-layer magnetic spin valve integrated within a Josephson junction. Our measurements separate the suppression in the superconducting coupling due to the exchange field in the magnetic layers, which causes depairing of the supercurrent, from the suppression due to the stray magnetic field. The exchange field suppression of the superconducting order parameter is a tunable and switchable behaviour that is also scalable to nanometer device dimensions. These devices demonstrate non-volatile, size-independent switching of Josephson coupling, in magnitude as well as phase, and they may enable practical nanoscale superconducting memory devices. C1 [Baek, Burm; Rippard, William H.; Benz, Samuel P.; Russek, Stephen E.; Dresselhaus, Paul D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Baek, B (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM burm.baek@nist.gov FU NIST; US National Security Agency [EAO156513, EAO176792] FX We thank M.R. Pufall and H. Rogalla for technical assistance and valuable discussions. We also thank N.O. Birge for his comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by NIST and by US National Security Agency under agreement numbers EAO156513 and EAO176792. NR 41 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 33 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 5 AR 3888 DI 10.1038/ncomms4888 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AJ2QL UT WOS:000337503800032 PM 24867104 ER PT J AU Jimenez-Martinez, R Kennedy, DJ Rosenbluh, M Donley, EA Knappe, S Seltzer, SJ Ring, HL Bajaj, VS Kitching, J AF Jimenez-Martinez, Ricardo Kennedy, Daniel J. Rosenbluh, Michael Donley, Elizabeth A. Knappe, Svenja Seltzer, Scott J. Ring, Hattie L. Bajaj, Vikram S. Kitching, John TI Optical hyperpolarization and NMR detection of Xe-129 on a microfluidic chip SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; POLARIZED NOBLE-GASES; SPIN-EXCHANGE; REMOTE DETECTION; ATOMIC CLOCKS; MRI; RUBIDIUM; XENON AB Optically hyperpolarized Xe-129 gas has become a powerful contrast agent in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and imaging, with applications ranging from studies of the human lung to the targeted detection of biomolecules. Equally attractive is its potential use to enhance the sensitivity of microfluidic NMR experiments, in which small sample volumes yield poor sensitivity. Unfortunately, most Xe-129 polarization systems are large and non-portable. Here we present a microfabricated chip that optically polarizes Xe-129 gas. We have achieved Xe-129 polarizations >0.5% at flow rates of several microlitres per second, compatible with typical microfluidic applications. We employ in situ optical magnetometry to sensitively detect and characterize the Xe-129 polarization at magnetic fields of 1 mu T. We construct the device using standard microfabrication techniques, which will facilitate its integration with existing microfluidic platforms. This device may enable the implementation of highly sensitive Xe-129 NMR in compact, low-cost, portable devices. C1 [Jimenez-Martinez, Ricardo; Donley, Elizabeth A.; Knappe, Svenja; Kitching, John] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jimenez-Martinez, Ricardo] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kennedy, Daniel J.; Seltzer, Scott J.; Ring, Hattie L.; Bajaj, Vikram S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kennedy, Daniel J.; Seltzer, Scott J.; Ring, Hattie L.; Bajaj, Vikram S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rosenbluh, Michael] Bar Ilan Univ, Jack & Pearl Resnick Inst Adv Technol, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. RP Bajaj, VS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vsbajaj@lbl.gov; john.kitching@nist.gov OI Kennedy, Daniel/0000-0001-7186-7443; Rosenbluh, Michael/0000-0002-9150-4129 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); agency of the U.S. government; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Roberto Rocca Education Program FX We thank S. Schima for help with the fabrication of the device, E. Pratt and K. Stupic for useful comments on the manuscript, A. Pines for helpful discussions and L. Jimenez for help in the preparation of Fig. 1. This work is a contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), an agency of the U.S. government, and is not subject to copyright. Research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 (D.J.K., S.J.S., H.L.R. and V.S.B.). R.J.M. was supported in part by the Roberto Rocca Education Program. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 50 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 5 AR 3908 DI 10.1038/ncomms4908 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AJ2QP UT WOS:000337504400004 PM 24844396 ER PT J AU Postek, MT Vladar, AE Purushotham, KP AF Postek, Michael T. Vladar, Andras E. Purushotham, Kavuri P. TI Does Your SEM Really Tell the Truth? How Would You Know? Part 2 SO SCANNING LA English DT Article DE calibration; measurements; metrology; modeling; contamination; scanning electron microscope; SEM; standards; reference material ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; CONTAMINATION; METROLOGY; REDUCTION AB The scanning electron microscope (SEM) has gone through a tremendous evolution to become indispensable for many and diverse scientific and industrial applications. The improvements have significantly enriched and augmented the overall SEM performance and have made the instrument far easier to operate. But, the ease of operation also might lead, through operator complacency, to poor results. In addition, the user friendliness has seemingly reduced the need for thorough operator training for using these complex instruments. One might then conclude that the SEM is just a very expensive digital camera or another peripheral device for a computer. Hence, a person using the instrument may be lulled into thinking that all of the potential pitfalls have been eliminated and they believe everything they see on the micrograph is always correct. But, this may not be the case. An earlier paper (Part 1), discussed some of the potential issues related to signal generation in the SEM, instrument calibration, electron beam interactions and the need for physics-based modeling to understand the actual image formation mechanisms. All these were summed together in a discussion of how these issues effect measurements made with the instrument. This second paper discusses another major issue confronting the microscopist: electron-beam-induced specimen contamination. Over the years, NIST has done a great deal of research into the issue of sample contamination and its removal and elimination and some of this work is reviewed and discussed here. Published 2013. This article is a U. S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Postek, Michael T.; Vladar, Andras E.; Purushotham, Kavuri P.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Postek, MT (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM postek@nist.gov NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0161-0457 EI 1932-8745 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD MAY-JUN PY 2014 VL 36 IS 3 BP 347 EP 355 DI 10.1002/sca.21124 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA AJ4YD UT WOS:000337685000010 PM 24166540 ER PT J AU Beakes, MP Moore, JW Hayes, SA Sogard, SM AF Beakes, Michael P. Moore, Jonathan W. Hayes, Sean A. Sogard, Susan M. TI Wildfire and the effects of shifting stream temperature on salmonids SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE bioenergetics; climate change; disturbance; endangered species; fire; landscape ecology; riverscape; riparian ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; JUVENILE STEELHEAD; UNITED-STATES; CALIFORNIA STREAM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NATIVE FISHES; NORTH-AMERICA; FOOD WEBS; FIRE; PATTERNS AB The frequency and magnitude of wildfires in North America have increased by four-fold over the last two decades. However, the impacts of wildfires on the thermal environments of freshwaters, and potential effects on coldwater fishes are incompletely understood. We examined the short-term effects of a wildfire on temperatures and Steelhead/Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) bioenergetics and distribution in a California coastal stream. One year after the wildfire, mean daily stream temperatures were elevated by up to 0.6 degrees C in burned compared to unburned pools. Among burned pools, light flux explained over 85% of the variation in altered stream temperatures, and 76% of the variation in light flux was explained by an index of burn severity based on proximity of the pool to burned streamside. We estimated that salmonids of variable sizes inhabiting burned pools had to consume between 0.3-264.3 mg of additional prey over 48 days to offset the 0.01-6.04 kJ increase in metabolic demand during the first post-fire summer. However, stomach content analysis showed that fish in the burned region were consuming relatively little prey and significantly less than fish in the reference region. Presumably due to starvation, mortality, or emigration, we found a significant negative relationship between the change in total salmonid biomass over the post-fire summer and the average energy costs (kJ.g(-1).day(-1)) within a burned pool. This study demonstrates that wildfire can generate thermal heterogeneity in aquatic ecosystems and drive short-term increases in stream temperature, exacerbating bioenergetically stressful seasons for coldwater fishes. C1 [Beakes, Michael P.; Moore, Jonathan W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Hayes, Sean A.; Sogard, Susan M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Beakes, MP (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Earth Ocean Res Grp, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM mbeakes@sfu.ca FU National Science Foundation [DEB-1009018]; National Marine Fisheries Service FX Funding for this study was provided by the National Science Foundation grant number DEB-1009018 and the National Marine Fisheries Service. Landowner access was provided by Big Creek Lumber Company. Animal studies were approved by the UCSC Animal Use Committee and carried out according to NIH guidelines and NMFS ESA Section 10 permit #1112. We thank colleagues from Simon Fraser University, Earth to Ocean Research group, the University of California, Santa Cruz and the National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center for resource, logistic, and key intellectual support. We thank Wyatt Cross, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive feedback on a previous version of this manuscript, and we would like to especially thank Cristina Cois, Nicolas Retford, and Laura Twardochleb for lab and field assistance. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 48 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAY PY 2014 VL 5 IS 5 AR 63 DI 10.1890/ES13-00325.1 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AI8KW UT WOS:000337164100014 ER PT J AU Radley, C Fueglistaler, S Donner, L AF Radley, Claire Fueglistaler, Stephan Donner, Leo TI Cloud and Radiative Balance Changes in Response to ENSO in Observations and Models SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE ENSO; Climate variability; Cloud cover; Radiative fluxes; Climate models ID INCLUDING MASS FLUXES; DECADAL VARIABILITY; EL-NINO; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATIONS; BUDGET; CLIMATOLOGY; SYSTEM AB The authors use observations and four GFDL AGCMs to analyze the relation between variations in spatial patterns and area-averaged quantities in the top-of-the-atmosphere radiative fluxes, cloud amount, and precipitation related to El Nino over the period 1979-2008. El Nino is associated with an increase in tropical average sea surface temperature of order +0.1 K (with a maxima of +0.5 K), large local anomalies of +2 K (maxima +6 K), and tropical tropospheric warming of +0.5 K (maxima +1 K). The authors find that model-to-observation biases in the base state translate into corresponding biases in anomalies in response to El Nino. The pattern and amplitude of model biases in reflected shortwave (SW) and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) follows expectations based on their biases in cloud amount: models with a positive cloud amount bias, compared to observations, have too strong local responses to El Nino in cloud amount, SW, OLR, and precipitation.Tropical average OLR increases in response to El Nino in observations and models [correlation coefficients (r) with Nino-3.4 index in the range 0.4-0.6]. Weaker correlations are found for SW (r: -0.6 to 0), cloud amount (r: -0.2 to +0.1), and precipitation (r: -0.2 to 0). Compositing El Nino events over the period 2001-07 yields similar results. These results are consistent with El Nino periods being warmer due to a heat pulse from the ocean, and a weak response in clouds and their radiative effect. These weak responses occur despite a large rearrangement in the spatial structure of the tropical circulation, and despite substantial differences in the mean state of observations and models. C1 [Radley, Claire; Fueglistaler, Stephan] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Donner, Leo] Princeton Univ, NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Radley, C (reprint author), Princeton Univ, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM cradley@princeton.edu RI Fueglistaler, Stephan/I-5803-2013 FU Cooperative Institute for Climate Science [344-6126]; DOE [SC0006841] FX This material is based upon work supported by the Cooperative Institute for Climate Science under Grant 344-6126. SF was supported in part by DOE Grant SC0006841. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 27 IS 9 BP 3100 EP 3113 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00338.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI9RU UT WOS:000337272700002 ER PT J AU Annamalai, H Hafner, J Kumar, A Wang, H AF Annamalai, H. Hafner, J. Kumar, A. Wang, H. TI A Framework for Dynamical Seasonal Prediction of Precipitation over the Pacific Islands SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Climate prediction; Forecast verification; skill; Seasonal forecasting; Coupled models; Diagnostics; Model evaluation; performance ID 30-50 DAY VARIABILITY; ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; INDIAN-OCEAN SST; EL-NINO; SUBTROPICAL ANTICYCLONES; FORECAST SYSTEM; TELECONNECTION MECHANISMS; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CONVERGENCE ZONE; VERSION 2 AB A three-step approach to develop a framework for dynamical seasonal prediction of precipitation over the U.S. Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI) is adopted. First, guided by the climatological features of basic variables, a view that climates of the USAPI are connected by large-scale phenomena involving the warm pool, South Pacific convergence zone, tropical monsoons, and subtropical anticyclone is proposed. Second, prediction skill in ensemble hindcasts performed with the Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2), is evaluated with the hypothesis that ENSO is the leading candidate for large and persisting precipitation departures. Third, moist static energy budget diagnostics are performed to identify physical processes responsible for precipitation anomalies.At leads of 0-6 months, CFSv2 demonstrates useful skill in predicting Nino-3.4 SST and equatorial Pacific precipitation anomalies. During El Nino, positive precipitation anomalies along the central (eastern) equatorial Pacific are anchored by net radiative flux (F-rad) and moist advection (evaporation and F-rad). The model's skill in predicting precipitation anomalies over South Pacific (Hawaiian) islands is highest (lowest). Over the west Pacific islands, the skill is low during the rainy season. During El Nino, skill over the USAPI, in particular predicting dryness persistence at long leads is useful. Suppressed precipitation over the Hawaiian and South Pacific (west Pacific) islands are determined by anomalous dry and cold air advection (reduced evaporation and F-rad). These processes are local, but are dictated by circulation anomalies forced by ENSO. Model budget estimates are qualitatively consistent with those obtained from reanalysis, boosting confidence for societal benefits. However, observational constraints, as well as budget residuals, pose limitations. C1 [Annamalai, H.; Hafner, J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kumar, A.; Wang, H.] Climate Predict Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Annamalai, H (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, 1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM hanna@hawaii.edu FU NOAA Climate Test Bed (CTB) program; IPRC FX This study is supported by the NOAA Climate Test Bed (CTB) program and also partly funded by the institutional grants of the IPRC. CFSv2 hindcasts for budget estimates were provided by the National Climatic Data Center. Dr. Mat Widlansky is thanked for comments and proofreading. Comments from anonymous reviewers are acknowledged. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 27 IS 9 BP 3272 EP 3297 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00379.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI9RU UT WOS:000337272700008 ER PT J AU Deshayes, J Curry, R Msadek, R AF Deshayes, Julie Curry, Ruth Msadek, Rym TI CMIP5 Model Intercomparison of Freshwater Budget and Circulation in the North Atlantic SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Freshwater; Climate models; Model comparison; Climate variability; North Atlantic Oscillation ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; COUPLED CLIMATE MODEL; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; OCEAN CIRCULATION; LABRADOR SEA; VARIABILITY; DEEP; OSCILLATION; CONVECTION; IMPACT AB The subpolar North Atlantic is a center of variability of ocean properties, wind stress curl, and air-sea exchanges. Observations and hindcast simulations suggest that from the early 1970s to the mid-1990s the subpolar gyre became fresher while the gyre and meridional circulations intensified. This is opposite to the relationship of freshening causing a weakened circulation, most often reproduced by climate models. The authors hypothesize that both these configurations exist but dominate on different time scales: a fresher subpolar gyre when the circulation is more intense, at interannual frequencies (configuration A), and a saltier subpolar gyre when the circulation is more intense, at longer periods (configuration B). Rather than going into the detail of the mechanisms sustaining each configuration, the authors' objective is to identify which configuration dominates and to test whether this depends on frequency, in preindustrial control runs of five climate models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). To this end, the authors have developed a novel intercomparison method that enables analysis of freshwater budget and circulation changes in a physical perspective that overcomes model specificities. Lag correlations and a cross-spectral analysis between freshwater content changes and circulation indices validate the authors' hypothesis, as configuration A is only visible at interannual frequencies while configuration B is mostly visible at decadal and longer periods, suggesting that the driving role of salinity on the circulation depends on frequency. Overall, this analysis underscores the large differences among state-of-the-art climate models in their representations of the North Atlantic freshwater budget. C1 [Deshayes, Julie] Univ Cape Town, ICEMASA, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. [Deshayes, Julie] CNRS IRD IFREMER UBO, Lab Phys Oceans, Plouzane, France. [Deshayes, Julie; Curry, Ruth] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Msadek, Rym] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Deshayes, J (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, Private Bag X3, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. EM julie.deshayes@ird.fr FU NSF [0751896]; IFREMER through project RICCO FX We are thankful to the modeling groups that gave us access to their control simulations before they were available to public, in particular to Juliette Mignot, Laurent Terray, Aurore Voldoire, David Salas, Gokhan Danabasoglu, and Claude Talandier. Discussions with Juliette Mignot and Didier Swingedouw are sincerely acknowledged. We also acknowledge the editor, Anand Gnanadesikan, as well as the three anonymous reviewers, for their helpful comments. Multitaper single and cross-spectral analyses were performed using P. Huybers functions (http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/similar to phuybers/Mfiles/). JD and RC were funded by NSF through Project 0751896. JD was also funded by IFREMER through project RICCO. NR 70 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 27 IS 9 BP 3298 EP 3317 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00700.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI9RU UT WOS:000337272700009 ER PT J AU Wu, L Chou, C Chen, CT Huang, RH Knutson, TR Sirutis, JJ Garner, ST Kerr, C Lee, CJ Feng, YC AF Wu, Liang Chou, Chia Chen, Cheng-Ta Huang, Ronghui Knutson, Thomas R. Sirutis, Joseph J. Garner, Stephen T. Kerr, Christopher Lee, Chia-Jung Feng, Ya-Chien TI Simulations of the Present and Late-Twenty-First-Century Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Activity Using a Regional Model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE North Pacific Ocean; Tropical cyclones; Climate change; Climate variability; Hurricanes; typhoons; Climate models ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC MODEL; CLIMATE MODELS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; HURRICANE INTENSITIES; EL-NINO; PART I; RESOLUTION; ENSO; FREQUENCY AB A high-resolution regional atmospheric model is used to simulate present-day western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclone (TC) activity and to investigate the projected changes for the late twenty-first century. Compared to observations, the model can realistically simulate many basic features of the WNP TC activity climatology, such as the TC genesis location, track, and lifetime. A number of spatial and temporal features of observed TC interannual variability are captured, although observed variations in basinwide TC number are not. A relatively well-simulated feature is the contrast of years when the Asian summer monsoon trough extends eastward (retreats westward), more (fewer) TCs form within the southeastern quadrant of the WNP, and the corresponding TC activity is above (below) normal over most parts of the WNP east of 125 degrees E. Future projections with the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) A1B scenario show a weak tendency for decreases in the number of WNP TCs, and for increases in the more intense TCs; these simulated changes are significant at the 80% level. The present-day simulation of intensity is limited to storms of intensity less than about 55 m s(-1). There is also a weak (80% significance level) tendency for projected WNP TC activity to shift poleward under global warming. A regional-scale feature is a projected increase of the TC activity north of Taiwan, which would imply an increase in TCs making landfall in north China, the Korean Peninsula, and parts of Japan. However, given the weak statistical significance found for the simulated changes, an assessment of the robustness of such regional-scale projections will require further study. C1 [Wu, Liang; Huang, Ronghui] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Ctr Monsoon Syst Res, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Chou, Chia; Lee, Chia-Jung; Feng, Ya-Chien] Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Changes, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Chou, Chia] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Chen, Cheng-Ta] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Taipei 116, Taiwan. [Knutson, Thomas R.; Sirutis, Joseph J.; Garner, Stephen T.; Kerr, Christopher] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Chen, CT (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 88,Sect 4,Ting Chou Rd, Taipei 116, Taiwan. EM chen@rain.geos.ntnu.edu.tw FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-EW-QN204]; National Basic Research Program of China [2014CB953902]; National Natural Science Foundation [41205052, 41230527, 41375065]; National Science Council [NSC98-2745-M-001-005-MY3, NSC 99-2111-M-003-002, NSC100-2119-M-003-005-MY5] FX This work was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Grant KZCX2-EW-QN204, the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant 2014CB953902, the National Natural Science Foundation Grants 41205052, 41230527, and 41375065, and the National Science Council Grants NSC98-2745-M-001-005-MY3, NSC 99-2111-M-003-002, and NSC100-2119-M-003-005-MY5. We thank the WCRP CMIP3 modeling groups for contributing their model runs, and PCMDI and the IPCC Data Archive at LLNL/DOE for providing access to model data; and NCEP, NCAR, and NOAA/ESRL for their efforts in developing and distributing the atmospheric reanalysis data used in the study. We are grateful to the National Center for High-Performance Computing for computer time and facilities. NR 58 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 27 IS 9 BP 3405 EP 3424 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00830.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI9RU UT WOS:000337272700016 ER PT J AU Cerutti, B Werner, GR Uzdensky, DA Begelman, MC AF Cerutti, B. Werner, G. R. Uzdensky, D. A. Begelman, M. C. TI Gamma-ray flares in the Crab Nebula: A case of relativistic reconnection? SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Meeting of the APS Division ofPlasma Physics CY NOV 11-14, 2013 CL Denver, CO ID PAIR PLASMA RECONNECTION; PULSAR WIND NEBULAE; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SIGMA-PROBLEM; VARIABILITY; RADIATION; EMISSION; ORIGIN; MODEL AB The Crab Nebula was formed after the collapse of a massive star about a thousand years ago, leaving behind a pulsar that inflates a bubble of ultra-relativistic electron-positron pairs permeated with magnetic field. The observation of brief but bright flares of energetic gamma rays suggests that pairs are accelerated to PeV energies within a few days; such rapid acceleration cannot be driven by shocks. Here, it is argued that the flares may be the smoking gun of magnetic dissipation in the Nebula. Using 2D and 3D particle-in-cell simulations, it is shown that the observations are consistent with relativistic magnetic reconnection, where pairs are subject to strong radiative cooling. The Crab flares may highlight the importance of relativistic magnetic reconnection in astrophysical sources. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Cerutti, B.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Werner, G. R.; Uzdensky, D. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Ctr Integrated Plasma Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, M. C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, M. C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, M. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cerutti, B (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM bcerutti@astro.princeton.edu; greg.werner@colorado.edu; uzdensky@colorado.edu; mitch@jila.colorado.edu OI Cerutti, Benoit/0000-0001-6295-596X FU Department of Astrophysical Sciences at Princeton University; MaxPlanck/Princeton Center for Plasma Physics; NSF [PHY-0903851]; DOE [DE-SC0008409, DE-SC0008655]; NASA [NNX12AP17G]; National Science Foundation [CNS-0821794]; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado Denver; National Center for Atmospheric Research FX B. C. acknowledges support from the Lyman Spitzer, Jr., Fellowship awarded by the Department of Astrophysical Sciences at Princeton University, and the MaxPlanck/Princeton Center for Plasma Physics. This work was also supported by NSF Grant Nos. PHY-0903851, DOE Grants DE-SC0008409, and DE-SC0008655, NASA Grant No. NNX12AP17G through the Fermi Guest Investigator Program. Numerical simulations were performed on the local CIPS computer cluster Verus, on Kraken at the National Institute for Computational Sciences (www.nics.tennessee.edu/) and on. This work also utilized the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (Award No. CNS-0821794), the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The Janus supercomputer is operated by the University of Colorado Boulder. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2014 VL 21 IS 5 AR 056501 DI 10.1063/1.4872024 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AI7UY UT WOS:000337107200128 ER PT J AU Li, F Parnell, SR Hamilton, WA Maranville, BB Wang, T Semerad, R Baxter, DV Cremer, JT Pynn, R AF Li, F. Parnell, S. R. Hamilton, W. A. Maranville, B. B. Wang, T. Semerad, R. Baxter, D. V. Cremer, J. T. Pynn, R. TI Superconducting magnetic Wollaston prism for neutron spin encoding SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING ANGLE MEASUREMENT; ECHO; FLIPPER; FILM; PERFORMANCE; DESIGN AB A magnetic Wollaston prism can spatially split a polarized neutron beam into two beams with different neutron spin states, in a manner analogous to an optical Wollaston prism. Such a Wollaston prism can be used to encode the trajectory of neutrons into the Larmor phase associated with their spin degree of freedom. This encoding can be used for neutron phase-contrast radiography and in spin echo scattering angle measurement (SESAME). In this paper, we show that magnetic Wollaston prisms with highly uniform magnetic fields and low Larmor phase aberration can be constructed to preserve neutron polarization using high temperature superconducting (HTS) materials. The Meissner effect of HTS films is used to confine magnetic fields produced electromagnetically by current-carrying HTS tape wound on suitably shaped soft iron pole pieces. The device is cooled to similar to 30 K by a closed cycle refrigerator, eliminating the need to replenish liquid cryogens and greatly simplifying operation and maintenance. A HTS film ensures that the magnetic field transition within the prism is sharp, well-defined, and planar due to the Meissner effect. The spin transport efficiency across the device was measured to be similar to 98.5% independent of neutron wavelength and energizing current. The position-dependent Larmor phase of neutron spins was measured at the NIST Center for Neutron Research facility and found to agree well with detailed simulations. The phase varies linearly with horizontal position, as required, and the neutron beam shows little depolarization. Consequently, the device has advantages over existing devices with similar functionality and provides the capability for a large neutron beam (20 mm x 30 mm) and an increase in length scales accessible to SESAME to beyond 10 mu m. With further improvements of the external coupling guide field in the prototype device, a larger neutron beam could be employed. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Li, F.; Parnell, S. R.; Wang, T.; Baxter, D. V.; Pynn, R.] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Hamilton, W. A.; Pynn, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Maranville, B. B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Semerad, R.] Ceraco Ceram Coating GmbH, D-85737 Ismaning, Germany. [Cremer, J. T.] Adelphi Technol Inc, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA. RP Li, F (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. EM fankli@indiana.edu RI Baxter, David /D-3769-2013; OI Baxter, David /0000-0003-2812-0904; Li, Fankang/0000-0001-8859-0102 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0956741, DMR-0220560, DMR-0320627]; STTR program of the US Department of Energy [DE-SC0009584]; 21st Century Science and Technology fund of Indiana, Indiana University; Department of Defense FX This project is supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (Grant No. DMR-0956741) and from the STTR program of the US Department of Energy (Grant No. DE-SC0009584). We would like to acknowledge the team members of sample environment team at the NCNR, Qiang (Alan) Ye and Yamali Hernandez for the help with the vacuum and cryogenics, Paul J. Stonaha (Indiana University Bloomington, USA) for the useful discussion about the simulation and Hao Feng (Indiana University Bloomington, USA) for the help of winding the coils. We also acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. Construction of LENS was supported by the National Science Foundation grants DMR-0220560 and DMR-0320627, the 21st Century Science and Technology fund of Indiana, Indiana University and the Department of Defense. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 85 IS 5 AR 053303 DI 10.1063/1.4875984 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AI7UD UT WOS:000337104600014 PM 24880360 ER PT J AU Wang, WQ Hung, MP Weaver, SJ Kumar, A Fu, XH AF Wang, Wanqiu Hung, Meng-Pai Weaver, Scott J. Kumar, Arun Fu, Xiouhua TI MJO prediction in the NCEP Climate Forecast System version 2 SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; MODELS; SKILL; PREDICTABILITY; VARIABILITY; MODULATION; HEMISPHERE; TROPICS; SURFACE AB The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the primary mode of tropical intraseasonal climate variability and has significant modulation of global climate variations and attendant societal impacts. Advancing prediction of the MJO using state of the art observational data and modeling systems is thus a necessary goal for improving global intraseasonal climate prediction. MJO prediction is assessed in the NOAA Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) based on its hindcasts initialized daily for 1999-2010. The analysis focuses on MJO indices taken as the principal components of the two leading EOFs of combined 15 degrees S-15 degrees N average of 200-hPa zonal wind, 850-hPa zonal wind and outgoing longwave radiation at the top of the atmosphere. The CFSv2 has useful MJO prediction skill out to 20 days at which the bivariate anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) drops to 0.5 and root-mean-square error (RMSE) increases to the level of the prediction with climatology. The prediction skill also shows a seasonal variation with the lowest ACC during the boreal summer and highest ACC during boreal winter. The prediction skills are evaluated according to the target as well as initial phases. Within the lead time of 10 days the ACC is generally greater than 0.8 and RMSE is less than 1 for all initial and target phases. At longer lead time, the model shows lower skills for predicting enhanced convection over the Maritime Continent and from the eastern Pacific to western Indian Ocean. The prediction skills are relatively higher for target phases when enhanced convection is in the central Indian Ocean and the central Pacific. While the MJO prediction skills are improved in CFSv2 compared to its previous version, systematic errors still exist in the CFSv2 in the maintenance and propagation of the MJO including (1) the MJO amplitude in the CFSv2 drops dramatically at the beginning of the prediction and remains weaker than the observed during the target period and (2) the propagation in the CFSv2 is too slow. Reducing these errors will be necessary for further improvement of the MJO prediction. C1 [Wang, Wanqiu; Hung, Meng-Pai; Weaver, Scott J.; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, CPC,Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Fu, Xiouhua] Univ Hawaii Manoa, IPRC, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Wang, WQ (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, CPC,Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, 5830 Univ Res Court,Room 3004, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM wanqiu.wang@noaa.gov NR 48 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 42 IS 9-10 BP 2509 EP 2520 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1806-9 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI6KW UT WOS:000336983900017 ER PT J AU Li, CX Wang, CZ AF Li, Chunxiang Wang, Chunzai TI Simulated impacts of two types of ENSO events on tropical cyclone activity in the western North Pacific: large-scale atmospheric response SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; MODOKI; TEMPERATURE; CIRCULATION; TRACKS; WINTER; CHINA; SEA; RIM AB The present paper uses an atmospheric general circulation model to explore large-scale atmospheric response to various El Nino-Southern Oscillation events associated with tropical cyclone (TC) activity in the western North Pacific. The simulated response is basically consistent with and confirms the observed results. For eastern Pacific warm (EPW) event, anomalously wet ascent occurs over the tropical central/eastern Pacific and dry descent is over the western Pacific. This Walker circulation is associated with anomalous low-level convergence, reduced vertical wind shear (VWS), and enhanced genesis potential index (GPI) in the southeast sub-region. These are consistent with the observed increase of the TC formation in the southeast sub-region but decrease in the northwest sub-region during July-September (JAS) and the increase in the southwest and northwest sub-regions during October-December (OND). In addition, the strong westerly anomalies of the TC steering flow prevail in the East Asian coast, suppressing the TC northwestward or westward tracks. For eastern Pacific cold (EPC) event, all of the simulated variables show almost a mirror image of EPW. For central Pacific warm event, the anomalous Walker circulation shifts westward because of the westward shift of the maximum SST anomaly forcing. The anomalous subsidence associated with the western branch of the Walker circulation during OND shifts northward to the South China Seas, resulting in a decrease of the TC genesis there. The TC steering flow patterns during JAS are favorable for TCs to make landfall over Japan and Korea. Compared with EPC, the descending motion in the central/eastern Pacific is much stronger for central Pacific cold (CPC) event, accompanied by more enhanced VWS and reduced GPI in the southeast sub-region. Therefore, CPC provides a more adverse environment to the TC formation there during JAS and OND, consistent with the observed decrease of TC formation there. Moreover, the easterly anomalies of the TC steering flow dominate the tropics during JAS, enhancing TC activity in the east coast of China. Additionally, the convection over the western Pacific moves to the South China Sea during OND, favoring the TC genesis there. C1 [Li, Chunxiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Key Lab Reg Climate Environm Res East Asia, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Li, Chunxiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Wang, CZ (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Chunzai.Wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB430301, 2012CB956203, 2010CB950400]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40830955, 41176013]; Changjiang Scholar Program; Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-QN203]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office FX This work was supported by Grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB430301, 2012CB956203 and 2010CB950400), National Natural Science Foundation of China (40830955, and 41176013), the Changjiang Scholar Program, the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-QN203), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 42 IS 9-10 BP 2727 EP 2743 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1999-y PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI6KW UT WOS:000336983900030 ER PT J AU Peng, PT Kumar, A Jha, B AF Peng, Peitao Kumar, Arun Jha, Bhaskar TI Climate mean, variability and dominant patterns of the Northern Hemisphere wintertime mean atmospheric circulation in the NCEP CFSv2 SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Model bias; Climate variability; Dominant modes of circulation; Predictability ID FORECAST SYSTEM CFS; EXTRATROPICAL RESPONSE; STATIONARY EDDIES; LINEAR SIMULATION; MOUNTAIN MODEL; HEIGHT FIELD; VERSION 2; EL-NINO; TELECONNECTIONS; ANOMALIES AB In this study, the climate mean, variability, and dominant patterns of the Northern Hemisphere wintertime mean 200 hPa geopotential height (Z200) in a CMIP and a set of AMIP simulations from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) are analyzed and compared with the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. For the climate mean, it is found that a component of the bias in stationary waves characterized with wave trains emanating from the tropics into both the hemispheres can be attributed to the precipitation deficit over the Maritime continent. The lack of latent heating associated with the precipitation deficit may have served as the forcing of the wave trains. For the variability of the seasonal mean, both the CMIP and AMIP successfully simulated the geographical locations of the major centers of action, but the simulated intensity was generally weaker than that in the reanalysis, particularly for the center over the Davis Strait-southern Greenland area. It is also noted that the simulated action center over Aleutian Islands was southeastward shifted to some extent. The shift was likely caused by the eastward extension of the Pacific jet. Differences also existed between the CMIP and the AMIP simulations, with the center of actions over the Aleutian Islands stronger in the AMIP and the center over the Davis Strait-southern Greenland area stronger in the CMIP simulation. In the mode analysis, the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnection pattern in each dataset was first removed from the data, and a rotated empirical orthogonal function (REOF) analysis was then applied to the residual. The purpose of this separation was to avoid possible mixing between the ENSO mode and those generated by the atmospheric internal dynamics. It was found that the simulated ENSO teleconnection patterns from both model runs well resembled that from the reanalysis, except for a small eastward shift. Based on the REOF modes of the residual data, six dominant modes of the reanalysis data had counterparts in each model simulation, though with different rankings in explained variance and some distortions in spatial structure. By evaluating the temporal coherency of the REOF modes between the reanalysis and the AMIP, it was found that the time series associated with the equatorially displaced North Atlantic Oscillation in the two datasets were significantly correlated, suggesting a potential predictability for this mode. C1 [Peng, Peitao; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, NECP, NCWCP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Jha, Bhaskar] INNOVIM LLC, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Peng, PT (reprint author), NOAA, NECP, NCWCP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Peitao.Peng@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 42 IS 9-10 BP 2783 EP 2799 DI 10.1007/s00382-014-2116-6 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI6KW UT WOS:000336983900033 ER PT J AU Abhilash, S Sahai, AK Borah, N Chattopadhyay, R Joseph, S Sharmila, S De, S Goswami, BN Kumar, A AF Abhilash, S. Sahai, A. K. Borah, N. Chattopadhyay, R. Joseph, S. Sharmila, S. De, S. Goswami, B. N. Kumar, Arun TI Prediction and monitoring of monsoon intraseasonal oscillations over Indian monsoon region in an ensemble prediction system using CFSv2 SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Indian summer monsoon; Extended range prediction; Ensemble prediction system ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; POTENTIAL PREDICTABILITY; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; NORTHWARD PROPAGATION; MODEL; OCEAN; ATMOSPHERE AB An ensemble prediction system (EPS) is devised for the extended range prediction (ERP) of monsoon intraseasonal oscillations (MISO) of Indian summer monsoon (ISM) using National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System model version 2 at T126 horizontal resolution. The EPS is formulated by generating 11 member ensembles through the perturbation of atmospheric initial conditions. The hindcast experiments were conducted at every 5-day interval for 45 days lead time starting from 16th May to 28th September during 2001-2012. The general simulation of ISM characteristics and the ERP skill of the proposed EPS at pentad mean scale are evaluated in the present study. Though the EPS underestimates both the mean and variability of ISM rainfall, it simulates the northward propagation of MISO reasonably well. It is found that the signal-to-noise ratio of the forecasted rainfall becomes unity by about 18 days. The potential predictability error of the forecasted rainfall saturates by about 25 days. Though useful deterministic forecasts could be generated up to 2nd pentad lead, significant correlations are found even up to 4th pentad lead. The skill in predicting large-scale MISO, which is assessed by comparing the predicted and observed MISO indices, is found to be similar to 17 days. It is noted that the prediction skill of actual rainfall is closely related to the prediction of large-scale MISO amplitude as well as the initial conditions related to the different phases of MISO. An analysis of categorical prediction skills reveals that break is more skillfully predicted, followed by active and then normal. The categorical probability skill scores suggest that useful probabilistic forecasts could be generated even up to 4th pentad lead. C1 [Abhilash, S.; Sahai, A. K.; Borah, N.; Chattopadhyay, R.; Joseph, S.; Sharmila, S.; De, S.; Goswami, B. N.] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. [Kumar, Arun] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Sahai, AK (reprint author), Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Dr Homi Bhabha Rd, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. EM sahai@tropmet.res.in RI Sharmila, S./O-5615-2015; OI Sharmila, S./0000-0001-8102-2356; Sahai, Atul Kumar/0000-0002-2917-1802; BORAH, NABANITA/0000-0003-1072-1306; Joseph, Susmitha/0000-0003-4756-9854 FU Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, New Delhi. India; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi FX IITM is fully supported by the Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, New Delhi. India. We thank NCEP for reanalysis datasets and for transferring the CFS system under the MoU between MoES and NOAA. We also thank IMD for daily rainfall data. S.S. thanks the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, for a research fellowship. NR 75 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 42 IS 9-10 BP 2801 EP 2815 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-2045-9 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI6KW UT WOS:000336983900034 ER PT J AU Coder, JB Ladbury, JM Golkowski, M AF Coder, Jason B. Ladbury, John M. Golkowski, Mark TI A Two-Port Model for Antennas in a Reverberation Chamber SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Antenna efficiency; antenna model; environment characterization; parameter estimation; radiation efficiency; reverberation chambers; two-port networks ID EFFICIENCY AB We present an improved model for characterizing fundamental antenna parameters based on the concept of a passive realizable two-port network. The proposed model is consistent with circuit theory-based approaches and allows for quantitative description and subsequent experimental determination of antenna efficiency, loss, and mismatch. A derivation of the model is given along with a discussion of the implications of the model. In addition, we discuss how the model behaves in a low-loss reverberation chamber, and give analytical and numerical methods for estimating the parameters of the model in a low-loss environment. An application of the proposed antenna model is shown to yield a lower bound for an antenna's radiation efficiency, although this bound is useful only when the losses in the chamber are sufficiently low. Derivation and application of the model is carried out in the context of a reverberation chamber, but the results are potentially applicable to an arbitrary environment. C1 [Coder, Jason B.; Ladbury, John M.] NIST, RF Fields Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Golkowski, Mark] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Denver, CO 80204 USA. RP Coder, JB (reprint author), NIST, RF Fields Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jason.coder@nist.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X EI 1558-2221 J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 62 IS 5 BP 2338 EP 2350 DI 10.1109/TAP.2014.2308520 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AI2DP UT WOS:000336667900002 ER PT J AU Jarret, M Jordan, SP AF Jarret, Michael Jordan, Stephen P. TI The fundamental gap for a class of Schrodinger operators on path and hypercube graphs SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EIGENVALUES; POTENTIALS; MATRICES; THEOREM; 1ST AB We consider the difference between the two lowest eigenvalues (the fundamental gap) of a Schrodinger operator acting on a class of graphs. In particular, we derive tight bounds for the gap of Schrodinger operators with convex potentials acting on the path graph. Additionally, for the hypercube graph, we derive a tight bound for the gap of Schrodinger operators with convex potentials dependent only upon vertex Hamming weight. Our proof makes use of tools from the literature of the fundamental gap theorem as proved in the continuum combined with techniques unique to the discrete case. We prove the tight bound for the hypercube graph as a corollary to our path graph results. (c) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Jarret, Michael] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jordan, Stephen P.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jarret, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mjarret@umd.edu; stephen.jordan@nist.gov OI Jarret, Michael/0000-0003-4061-3509 FU center for Quantum Information and Computer Science (QuICS) FX This work was supported in part by the center for Quantum Information and Computer Science (QuICS), a collaboration between the University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies (UMIACS) and the NIST Information Technology Laboratory (ITL). Portions of this paper are a contribution of NIST, an agency of the US government and are not subject to US copyright. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 EI 1089-7658 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 55 IS 5 AR 052104 DI 10.1063/1.4878120 PG 16 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA AI7UI UT WOS:000337105200009 ER PT J AU Li, X Porcar, L Sanchez-Diaz, LE Do, C Liu, Y Kim, TH Smith, GS Hamilton, WA Hong, KL Chen, WR AF Li, Xin Porcar, Lionel Sanchez-Diaz, Luis E. Do, Changwoo Liu, Yun Kim, Tae-Hwan Smith, Gregory S. Hamilton, William A. Hong, Kunlun Chen, Wei-Ren TI Influence of Molecular Solvation on the Conformation of Star Polymers SO ACS MACRO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENCE; SEMIDILUTE SOLUTIONS; ORDERING PHENOMENA; DYNAMICS; DILUTE; SIMULATIONS; SCATTERING; SYSTEMS AB We have used neutron scattering to investigate the influence of concentration on the conformation of a star polymer. By varying the contrast between the solvent and the isotopically labeled stars, we obtain the distributions of polymer and solvent within a star polymer from analysis of scattering data. A correlation between the local desolvation and the inward folding of star branches is discovered. From the perspective of thermodynamics, we find an analogy between the mechanism of polymer localization driven by solvent depletion and that of the hydrophobic collapse of polymers in solutions. C1 [Li, Xin; Sanchez-Diaz, Luis E.; Do, Changwoo; Smith, Gregory S.; Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hamilton, William A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Instrument & Source Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hong, Kunlun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Liu, Yun] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Kim, Tae-Hwan] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Res Reactor Utilizat Dept, Taejon 305353, South Korea. RP Hong, KL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hongkq@ornl.gov; chenw@ornl.gov RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015; Smith, Gregory/D-1659-2016; Do, Changwoo/A-9670-2011 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111; Smith, Gregory/0000-0001-5659-1805; Do, Changwoo/0000-0001-8358-8417 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Energy Division; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX Research presented in this work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Energy Division, The EQSANS experiment at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source is supported by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. Synthesis of PS stars used in this research was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. We also greatly appreciate the support of SANS beamtime from ILL France and HANARO Korea. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-1653 J9 ACS MACRO LETT JI ACS Macro Lett. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 3 IS 5 BP 458 EP 461 DI 10.1021/mz500182m PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AH8WD UT WOS:000336418000013 ER PT J AU Bhirde, AA Chikkaveeraiah, BV Srivatsan, A Niu, G Jin, AJ Kapoor, A Wang, Z Patel, S Patel, V Gorbach, AM Leapman, RD Gutkind, JS Walker, ARH Chen, XY AF Bhirde, Ashwinkumar A. Chikkaveeraiah, Bhaskara V. Srivatsan, Avinash Niu, Gang Jin, Albert J. Kapoor, Ankur Wang, Zhe Patel, Sachin Patel, Vyomesh Gorbach, Alexander M. Leapman, Richard D. Gutkind, J. Silvio Walker, Angela R. Hight Chen, Xiaoyuan TI Targeted Therapeutic Nanotubes Influence the Viscoelasticity of Cancer Cells to Overcome Drug Resistance SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE semiconducting carbon nanotube; hyaluronic acid; doxorubicin; multidrug resistance; viscoelasticity; live cell imaging; quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; OVARIAN-CANCER; IN-VIVO; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE; NONCOVALENT FUNCTIONALIZATION; PHOTOTHERMAL THERAPY; CHEMOTHERAPY; DELIVERY; CD44; CHALLENGES AB Resistance to chemotherapy is the primary cause of treatment failure in over 90% of cancer patients in the clinic. Research in nanotechnology-based therapeutic alternatives has helped provide innovative and promising strategies to overcome multidrug resistance (MDR). By targeting CD44-overexpressing MDR cancer cells, we have developed in a single-step a self-assembled, self-targetable, therapeutic semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube (sSWCNT) drug delivery system that can deliver chemotherapeutic agents to both drug-sensitive OVCAR8 and resistant OVCAR8/ADR cancer cells. The novel nanoformula with a cholanic acid-derivatized hyaluronic acid (CAHA) biopolymer wrapped around a sSWCNT and loaded with doxorubicin (DOX), CAHA-sSWCNT-DOX, is much more effective in killing drug-resistant cancer cells compared to the free DOX and phospholipid PEG (PL-PEG)-modified sSWCNT formula, PEG-sSWCNT-DOX. The CAHA-sSWCNT-DOX affects the viscoelastic property more than free DOX and PL-PEG-sSWCNT-DOX, which in turn allows more drug molecules to be internalized. Intravenous injection of CAHA-sSWCNT-DOX (12 mg/kg DOX equivalent) followed by 808 nm laser irradiation (1 W/cm(2), 90 s) led to complete tumor eradication in a subcutaneous OVCAR8/ADR drug-resistant xenograft model, while free DOX alone failed to delay tumor growth. Our newly developed CAHA-sSWCNT-DOX nanoformula, which delivers therapeutics and acts as a sensitizer to influence drug uptake and induce apoptosis with minimal resistance factor, provides a novel effective means of counteracting the phenomenon of multidrug resistance. C1 [Bhirde, Ashwinkumar A.; Chikkaveeraiah, Bhaskara V.; Srivatsan, Avinash; Niu, Gang; Wang, Zhe; Chen, Xiaoyuan] Natl Inst Biomed Imaging & Bioengn, Lab Mol Imaging & Nanomed, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Jin, Albert J.; Gorbach, Alexander M.; Leapman, Richard D.] Natl Inst Biomed Imaging & Bioengn, Lab Cellular Imaging & Macromol Biophys, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20982 USA. [Kapoor, Ankur] NIH, Dept Radiol & Imaging Sci, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Patel, Sachin; Patel, Vyomesh; Gutkind, J. Silvio] Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Oral & Pharyngeal Canc Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, XY (reprint author), Natl Inst Biomed Imaging & Bioengn, Lab Mol Imaging & Nanomed, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM shawn.chen@nih.gov RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009; OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672; Jin, Albert/0000-0003-3826-1081 FU NRC NIST/NIH; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) FX This work was supported in part by an NRC NIST/NIH fellowship and by the Intramural Research Program (IRP) of the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH). We also thank Dr. Paul Smith for his laser work, Dr. Alioscka Sousa for his TEM work, and Mrs. Rohini Bhirde for illustrations. NR 64 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 10 U2 100 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD MAY PY 2014 VL 8 IS 5 BP 4177 EP 4189 DI 10.1021/nn501223q PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AI1UM UT WOS:000336640600009 PM 24708375 ER PT J AU Bull, MS Sullan, RMA Li, HB Perkins, TT AF Bull, Matthew S. Sullan, Ruby May A. Li, Hongbin Perkins, Thomas T. TI Improved Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy Using Micromachined Cantilevers SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE AFM; atomic force microscopy; protein folding; SMFS; focused ion beam milling; cantilever dynamics; e-beam induced deposition ID NATIVE MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; LIVING CELLS; SUBNANOMETER RESOLUTION; CALMODULIN MOLECULES; MICROSCOPY; AFM; STABILITY; SURFACES; DNA AB Enhancing the short-term force precision of atomic force microscopy (AFM) while maintaining excellent long-term force stability would result in improved performance across multiple AFM modalities, including single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS). SMFS is a powerful method to probe the nanometer-scale dynamics and energetics of biomolecules (DNA, RNA, and proteins). The folding and unfolding rates of such macromolecules are sensitive to sub-pN changes in force. Recently, we demonstrated sub-pN stability over a broad bandwidth (Delta f = 0.01-16 Hz) by removing the gold coating from a 100 mu m long cantilever. However, this stability came at the cost of increased short-term force noise, decreased temporal response, and poor sensitivity. Here, we avoided these compromises while retaining excellent force stability by modifying a short (L = 40 mu m) cantilever with a focused ion beam. Our process led to a similar to 10-fold reduction in both a cantilever's stiffness and its hydrodynamic drag near a surface. We also preserved the benefits of a highly reflective cantilever while mitigating gold-coating induced long-term drift. As a result, we extended AFM's sub-pN bandwidth by a factor of similar to 50 to span five decades of bandwidth (Delta f approximate to 0.01-1000 Hz). Measurements of mechanically stretching individual proteins showed improved force precision coupled with state-of-the-art force stability and no significant loss in temporal resolution compared to the stiffer, unmodified cantilever. Finally, these cantilevers were robust and were reused for SFMS over multiple days. Hence, we expect these responsive, yet stable, cantilevers to broadly benefit diverse AFM-based studies. C1 [Bull, Matthew S.; Sullan, Ruby May A.; Perkins, Thomas T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bull, Matthew S.; Sullan, Ruby May A.; Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bull, Matthew S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, Hongbin] Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Perkins, TT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tperkins@jila.colorado.edu RI Li, Hongbin/G-2949-2012; Sullan, Ruby /L-7511-2016; OI Li, Hongbin/0000-0001-7813-1332; Perkins, Thomas/0000-0003-4826-9490 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0923544, Phys-1125844]; NIST FX We thank G. King for useful discussions, A. Adhikari for help in preparing functionalized glass surfaces, and B. Baxley for scientific illustration. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [DBI-0923544, Phys-1125844], and NIST. Mention of commercial products is for information only; it does not imply NIST's recommendation or endorsement. T.T.P. is a staff member of NIST's Quantum Physics Division. NR 59 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 8 U2 56 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD MAY PY 2014 VL 8 IS 5 BP 4984 EP 4995 DI 10.1021/nn5010588 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AI1UM UT WOS:000336640600092 PM 24670198 ER PT J AU Huang, WY Shen, XY Wang, WG Huang, W AF Huang Wen-Yan Shen Xin-Yong Wang Wei-Guo Huang Wei TI Comparison of the thermal and dynamic structural characteristics in boundary layer with different boundary layer parameterizations SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA Chinese DT Article DE Boundary layer; Nonlocal; Turbulence; Mixing layer height; Friction velocity ID NONLOCAL CLOSURE-MODEL; WRF MODEL; TURBULENCE PARAMETERIZATION; VERTICAL DIFFUSION; WEATHER RESEARCH; SEA-BREEZE; SENSITIVITY; SCHEMES; SIMULATIONS; CONVECTION AB To evaluate model performance of simulating structural characteristics in boundary layer at the forested areas of northern United States and compare the thermal and dynamic structural characteristics in boundary layer with five different boundary layer parameterizations, high resolution mesoscale WRF model was used in this paper to conduct some experiments with different boundary layer parameterization configurations. The results showed that WRF model with different boundary layer schemes could successfully simulate the characteristics of strong turbulent mixing in boundary layer at daytime and strong inversion, inverse wet and low level jet in stable boundary layer at nighttime except for some individual schemes. Compared with local schemes MYJ and UW, the nonlocal schemes YSU and ACM2 simulated strong turbulent mixing and entrainment at daytime, producing higher temperature, lower humidity, higher mixing layer, larger sensible heat flux in convective boundary layer, which were closer to the results of observations. This indicated that considering the nonlocal transport of large eddy was more reasonable in the instable stratification. But local schemes had some advantages in the prediction of wind speed and direction. TEMF scheme predicted the weakest local turbulent mixing in all schemes, which was difficult to form the mixing layer, and could not describe the characteristics of vertically homogeneous distribution of meteorological elements in convective boundary layer. For nocturnal stable boundary layer simulation, the discrepancies from different schemes were small. But to a certain extent, the scheme YSU overestimated mechanical turbulence at nighttime, leading to strong local turbulent mixing, and could not simulate stable boundary layer well. C1 [Huang Wen-Yan; Shen Xin-Yong; Huang Wei] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Huang Wen-Yan; Shen Xin-Yong; Huang Wei] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Wang Wei-Guo] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Silver Spring, MD 20746 USA. RP Huang, WY (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM h_wenyan@yahoo.com; shenxy@nuist.edu.cn RI Wang, Weiguo/B-4948-2009 NR 34 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0001-5733 J9 CHINESE J GEOPHYS-CH JI Chinese J. Geophys.-Chinese Ed. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1399 EP 1414 DI 10.6038/cjg20140505 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AI2PT UT WOS:000336701200005 ER PT J AU Fujioka, E Soldevilla, MS Read, AJ Halpin, PN AF Fujioka, Ei Soldevilla, Melissa S. Read, Andrew J. Halpin, Patrick N. TI Integration of passive acoustic monitoring data into OBIS-SEAMAP, a global biogeographic database, to advance spatially-explicit ecological assessments SO ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Biogeographic database; Passive acoustic monitoring; Marine mammals; Conservation; Spatially-explicit ecology; Biodiversity ID POPULATION-DENSITY ESTIMATION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT; BOWHEAD WHALES; DOLPHIN ECHOLOCATION; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; BEAKED-WHALES; BLUE; HABITAT; SENSORS; OCEAN AB We successfully developed an extension of the OBIS-SEAMAP database, a global biogeographic database specializing in marine mammals, seabirds and sea turtles, to integrate passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) data with other commonly collected data types (i.e. line-transect visual sightings, animal telemetry, and photo-identification). As part of this effort, we made significant improvements in mapping and visualization tools for PAM data, including spatially and temporally interactive summary statistics, diel plots, temporal effort representation, and the unique rendering of PAM data to distinguish them from other data types. In this paper, we summarize technical challenges we overcame, report the methodologies and implementation of the integration, and conduct case studies using visual sightings and PAM data from bowhead whales and Risso's dolphins to demonstrate how the integrated database facilitates in-depth ecological assessments that form the foundation for spatially-explicit conservation efforts. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fujioka, Ei; Halpin, Patrick N.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Marine Geospatial Ecol Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Soldevilla, Melissa S.; Read, Andrew J.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Duke Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Soldevilla, Melissa S.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Fujioka, E (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Marine Geospatial Ecol Lab, POB 90328, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM efujioka@duke.edu FU National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP); National Science Foundation (NSF) [NSF-OCE-07-39199, NSF-OCE-11-38046]; U.S. Department of the Interior; BOEM (formerly MMS); Alaska Outer Continental Shelf Region, Anchorage, Alaska, through Interagency - U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Science Center [M11PG00033]; University of Washington; NOPP FX The OBIS-SEAMAP project, launched in 2002 through the support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, is supported by the funding from the National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) and National Science Foundation (NSF; NSF-OCE-07-39199 & NSF-OCE-11-38046). The integration of PAM data into OBIS-SEAMAP was initiated as a result of a workshop "Incorporating Passive Acoustic Monitoring Data into OBIS-SEAMAP 2.0" hosted by Duke University in 2008. We thank all the attendees to the workshop for their advice and data contributions. We also thank researchers involved in the Density Estimation of Cetaceans from Passive Acoustic Fixed Sensors (DECAF) project for their contribution and tireless feedback to improve the OBIS-SEAMAP database. We would like to express our appreciation to researchers who conduct a sister NOPP/NSF project establishing metadata standards for PAM, including Marie Roch at San Diego State University, Sofie Van Parijs at NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center and other participants. The use of PAM data for Risso's dolphins in Case Study 1 is by courtesy of John Hildebrand. The Aerial Surveys of Arctic Marine Mammals (ASAMM) project whose data we used for Case Study 2 was funded by the U.S. Department of the Interior, BOEM (formerly MMS), Alaska Outer Continental Shelf Region, Anchorage, Alaska, through Interagency Agreement No. M11PG00033 with the U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Science Center. The National Marine Mammal Laboratory (NOAA, NMFS, AFSC) has conducted ASAMM and its predecessors since 2008. This dataset was submitted to OBIS-SEM/1AP by Megan Ferguson, National Marine Mammal Laboratory who gave us insights in comparing visual and PAM data of bowhead whales. The other dataset for Case Study 2 was the results of a project funded by NOPP and provided to OBIS-SEAMAP by Kate Stafford, University of Washington who also gave us useful advices in interpreting the data. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-9541 EI 1878-0512 J9 ECOL INFORM JI Ecol. Inform. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 21 SI SI BP 59 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2013.12.004 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AI2UP UT WOS:000336713900008 ER PT J AU Denes, SL Miksis-Olds, JL Mellinger, DK Nystuen, JA AF Denes, Samuel L. Miksis-Olds, Jennifer L. Mellinger, David K. Nystuen, Jeffrey A. TI Assessing the cross platform performance of marine mammal indicators between two collocated acoustic recorders SO ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Acoustic diversity; Ocean acoustics; Spectral detection; Acoustic entropy; Marine mammal classification ID RIBBON SEAL; SOUNDS; VOCALIZATIONS; ALASKA; CALLS AB Equipment and deployment strategies for remote passive acoustic sensing of marine environments must balance memory capacity, power requirements, sampling rate, duty-cycle, deployment duration, instrument size, and environmental concerns. The impact of different parameters on the data and applicability of the data to the specific questions being asked should be considered before deployment. Here we explore the effect of recording and detection parameters on marine mammal acoustic data across two platforms. Daily classifications of marine mammal vocalizations from two passive acoustic monitors with different subsampling parameters, an AURAL and a Passive Aquatic Listener (PAL), collocated in the Bering Sea were compared. The AURAL subsampled on a preset schedule, whereas the PAL sampled via an adaptive protocol. Detected signals of interest were manually classified in each dataset independently. The daily classification rates of vocalizations were similar. Detections from the higher duty-cycle but lower sample rate AURAL were limited to species and vocalizations with energy below 4 kHz precluding detection of echolocation signals. Temporal coverage from the PAL audio files was limited by the adaptive sub-sampling protocol. A method for classifying ribbon (Histriophoca fasciata) and bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) vocalizations from the sparse spectral time histories of the PAL was developed. Although application of the acoustic entropy as a rapid assessment of biodiversity was not reflective of the number of species detected, acoustic entropy was robust to changes in sample rate and window length. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Denes, Samuel L.; Miksis-Olds, Jennifer L.] Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. [Mellinger, David K.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Mellinger, David K.] NOAA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Nystuen, Jeffrey A.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Denes, SL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, POB 30, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. EM sld980@psu.edu; jlm91@psu.edu; david.mellinger@oregonstate.edu; nystuen@apl.washington.edu FU Eric Walker Graduate Fellowship from ARL Penn State; Office of Naval Research Marine Mammal and Biology Program Award [N000140810391] FX The authors wish to thank the editors for organizing this special issue. Additionally, thanks are extended to the captains and crews of the RN Miller Freeman and RN Oscar Dyson for their invaluable help deploying and recovering the instruments. Thanks are also due to Phyllis Stabeno, Bill Floering and Carol Dewitt for the hard work incorporating passive acoustic recorders into their mooring program. Funding is provided by an Eric Walker Graduate Fellowship from ARL Penn State for SLD and Office of Naval Research Marine Mammal and Biology Program Award N000140810391 to JLMO. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-9541 EI 1878-0512 J9 ECOL INFORM JI Ecol. Inform. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 21 SI SI BP 74 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2013.10.005 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AI2UP UT WOS:000336713900009 ER PT J AU Fieberg, JR Conn, PB AF Fieberg, John R. Conn, Paul B. TI A hidden Markov model to identify and adjust for selection bias: an example involving mixed migration strategies SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; facultative migrator; jags; latent variable; obligate migrator; partially observed state; state-space ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; PUBLICATION BIAS; NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA; HABITAT SELECTION; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; HOME-RANGE; LONG-TERM; POPULATION; CAPTURE; ECOLOGY AB An important assumption in observational studies is that sampled individuals are representative of some larger study population. Yet, this assumption is often unrealistic. Notable examples include online public-opinion polls, publication biases associated with statistically significant results, and in ecology, telemetry studies with significant habitat-induced probabilities of missed locations. This problem can be overcome by modeling selection probabilities simultaneously with other predictor-response relationships or by weighting observations by inverse selection probabilities. We illustrate the problem and a solution when modeling mixed migration strategies of northern white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Captures occur on winter yards where deer migrate in response to changing environmental conditions. Yet, not all deer migrate in all years, and captures during mild years are more likely to target deer that migrate every year (i.e., obligate migrators). Characterizing deer as conditional or obligate migrators is also challenging unless deer are observed for many years and under a variety of winter conditions. We developed a hidden Markov model where the probability of capture depends on each individual's migration strategy (conditional versus obligate migrator), a partially latent variable that depends on winter severity in the year of capture. In a 15-year study, involving 168 white-tailed deer, the estimated probability of migrating for conditional migrators increased nonlinearly with an index of winter severity. We estimated a higher proportion of obligates in the study cohort than in the population, except during a span of 3years surrounding back-to-back severe winters. These results support the hypothesis that selection biases occur as a result of capturing deer on winter yards, with the magnitude of bias depending on the severity of winter weather. Hidden Markov models offer an attractive framework for addressing selection biases due to their ability to incorporate latent variables and model direct and indirect links between state variables and capture probabilities. C1 [Fieberg, John R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Conn, Paul B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fieberg, JR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jfieberg@umn.edu FU University of Minnesota FX Publication charges were paid for by the University of Minnesota. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 4 IS 10 BP 1903 EP 1912 DI 10.1002/ece3.1066 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AH9VC UT WOS:000336491600013 PM 24963384 ER PT J AU Rukhin, AL AF Rukhin, Andrew L. TI Bounds on elementary symmetric functions SO LINEAR ALGEBRA AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Discriminant; Hankel matrices; Moments; Newton identities; Vandermonde matrix AB Tight bounds on an elementary symmetric function are established under the assumption that the values of the elementary symmetric functions of lower orders are given. The explicit form of the inverse Hankel moment matrix leads to inequalities for moments and for elementary symmetric polynomials. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rukhin, AL (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.rukhin@nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0024-3795 EI 1873-1856 J9 LINEAR ALGEBRA APPL JI Linear Alg. Appl. PD MAY 1 PY 2014 VL 448 BP 329 EP 342 DI 10.1016/j.laa.2014.01.010 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA AI2NP UT WOS:000336695400022 ER PT J AU Talukder, A Panangadan, A AF Talukder, Ashit Panangadan, Anand TI Extreme event detection and assimilation from multimedia sources SO MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Event detection; Information retrieval; Matching; Multimedia; Representation; Search; Spatio-temporal trajectory; Tracking ID VIDEO; MODEL AB A new event-based multimedia processing framework for detection, retrieval, and cross-media content assimilation of geo-spatiotemporal phenomena is described. Multimedia information relevant to geo-spatiotemporal events are available from sources such as remote satellites, in-situ sensors as image streams, and other outlets such as news articles, weather bulletins as text documents and in various formats, each with widely varying properties. We pose an event-based framework to automatically detect geo-spatiotemporal phenomena from raw untagged remote-sensing satellite image streams, extract attributes for such events, match the spatiotemporal properties of the detected phenomenon with events in a database to automatically derive a media-independent event description, and subsequently use the media-independent event descriptions to assimilate relevant information of the same event across other media sources from the web using a mashup. A virtual globe interface enables simultaneous visualization of the assimilated spatiotemporal information annotated with Internet sources. This framework is demonstrated for the automatic detection of tropical cyclones from satellite imagery followed by the retrieval and assimilation of related information from government-run weather sites and commercial news portals. C1 [Talukder, Ashit] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Panangadan, Anand] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Talukder, A (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8940, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ashit.talukder@nist.gov; Anand.V.Panangadan@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Applied Information Systems Research (AISR) Program FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology with funding from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Applied Information Systems Research (AISR) Program. The authors acknowledge the contributions of Eric Rigor, Andrew Bingham, and Shen-shyang Ho. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-7501 EI 1573-7721 J9 MULTIMED TOOLS APPL JI Multimed. Tools Appl. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 70 IS 1 BP 237 EP 261 DI 10.1007/s11042-012-1088-y PG 25 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA AI4AK UT WOS:000336807300010 ER PT J AU Huntington, BE Miller, MW AF Huntington, Brittany E. Miller, Margaret W. TI Location-Specific Metrics for Rapidly Estimating the Abundance and Condition of the Threatened Coral Acropora cervicornis SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coral reef restoration; monitoring; percent cover; staghorn coral; total linear extension ID CARIBBEAN CORALS; SURFACE-AREA; RESTORATION; QUANTIFICATION; PROPAGATION; POPULATIONS; DECLINE AB We developed a method for quantifying the abundance of the threatened staghorn coral (Acropora cervicornis) and evaluated the accuracy of commonly used methods to assess colony condition. For small- to medium-sized colonies, we show that colony ellipsoid volume estimated from simple colony dimensions serves as a reliable and efficient proxy for the more time-consuming, conventional measure of colony total linear extension, and that this predictive relationship varies significantly among extant populations in the Caribbean. We also determined that visual estimates of colony partial mortality closely approximate to true values for colonies with <25% mortality, with in situ estimates outperforming estimates from digital images. These results provide coral reef managers and restoration practitioners with guidance for assessing partial mortality and location-specific regression models to estimate amount of staghorn coral in both extant and restored staghorn populations in Belize, the United States Virgin Islands, and the Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida, U.S.A. As staghorn coral monitoring and restoration efforts continue to expand in the Caribbean, these methods for quickly determining staghorn abundance and condition will directly aid resource managers tasked with monitoring wild populations and tracking restoration success over time. C1 [Huntington, Brittany E.; Miller, Margaret W.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33133 USA. RP Huntington, BE (reprint author), NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33133 USA. EM Brittanyhuntington@gmail.com FU National Research Council; NMFS Southeast Regional Office of Protected Resources FX Thanks to C. Cameron for her diligence in measuring TLE of numerous colonies and to the BEAR team for ex situ visual estimates of partial mortality. This work was supported by a National Research Council Research Assistantship to B. E. H. and by NMFS Southeast Regional Office of Protected Resources. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 22 IS 3 BP 299 EP 303 DI 10.1111/rec.12057 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AI4NQ UT WOS:000336842500007 ER PT J AU Chen, JJ Turko, IV AF Chen, Junjun Turko, Illarion V. TI Trends in QconCATs for targeted proteomics SO TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Artificial protein; Concatenated peptide; Mass spectrometry; Multiple reaction monitoring; Post-translational modification; PTM; QconCAT; Standard; Targeted proteomics; Unnatural amino acid ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY QUANTIFICATION; UNNATURAL AMINO-ACIDS; MULTIPLEXED ABSOLUTE QUANTIFICATION; CONCATENATED SIGNATURE PEPTIDES; QUANTITATIVE PROTEOMICS; INTERNAL STANDARD; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENETIC-CODE; SITE AB Targeted proteomics has received much attention because of the highly-sensitive, quantitative detection of proteins and post-translational modifications (PTMs). Quantification by targeted proteomics relies on mass spectrometry and isotope-labeled internal standards. In addition to traditional standards comprised of recombinant proteins or synthetic peptides, artificial proteins composed of concatenated peptides (QconCATs) were recently introduced as a conceptually new material for use as an internal standard. The design, the expression, the characterization, and the application of QconCATs have been thoroughly reviewed elsewhere. The focus of this review is to describe two new trends in the use of QconCATs as internal standards: (1) the need of natural flanking sequences for every Q-peptide included in the QconCAT; and, (2) the benefits of stoichiometric incorporation of PTMs in the QconCAT. These developments in QconCATs have not received much attention so far, but show great promise for future advances in targeted proteomics. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chen, Junjun; Turko, Illarion V.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, NIST, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Turko, IV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, NIST, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM iturko@umd.edu NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0165-9936 EI 1879-3142 J9 TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM JI Trac-Trends Anal. Chem. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 57 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.trac.2013.12.013 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AI2TT UT WOS:000336711700019 ER PT J AU Fagan, JA Khripin, CY Batista, CAS Simpson, JR Haroz, EH Walker, ARH Zheng, M AF Fagan, Jeffrey A. Khripin, Constantine Y. Batista, Carlos A. Silvera Simpson, Jeffrey R. Haroz, Erik H. Walker, Angela R. Hight Zheng, Ming TI Isolation of Specific Small-Diameter Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Species via Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE nanotubes; separations; two-phase extraction; surfactant ID DENSITY-GRADIENT ULTRACENTRIFUGATION; CHIRALITY SEPARATION; GEL CHROMATOGRAPHY C1 [Fagan, Jeffrey A.; Khripin, Constantine Y.; Batista, Carlos A. Silvera; Zheng, Ming] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Simpson, Jeffrey R.] Towson Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geosci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Haroz, Erik H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fagan, JA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jfagan@nist.gov RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009; OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672; Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554 FU National Research Council FX C.Y.K. thanks funding from a National Research Council post-doctoral research fellowship. NR 23 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 9 U2 122 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 26 IS 18 BP 2800 EP 2804 DI 10.1002/adma.201304873 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AG5UP UT WOS:000335484500005 PM 24448916 ER PT J AU Long, WC Seitz, RD Brylawski, BJ Lipcius, RN AF Long, W. Christopher Seitz, Rochelle D. Brylawski, Bryce J. Lipcius, Romuald N. TI Individual, population, and ecosystem effects of hypoxia on a dominant benthic bivalve in Chesapeake Bay SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE hypoxia; source-sink dynamics; matrix population model; metapopulation; functional response; predation; Macoma balthica; fecundity; Baltic macoma; trophic transfer; eutrophication; environmental stress ID LOW DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; DENSITY-DEPENDENT PREDATION; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CRAB CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; SOURCE-SINK DYNAMICS; ESTUARINE FOOD-WEB; MACOMA-BALTHICA; BLUE CRABS; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; EPISODIC HYPOXIA AB Hypoxia is an environmental stressor that affects abundance, biomass, diversity, and ecosystem function of benthic assemblages worldwide, yet its collective impact at individual, population, and ecosystem levels has rarely been investigated. We examined the effects of hypoxia on the biomass-dominant clam, Macoma balthica, in the York and Rappahannock Rivers (Chesapeake Bay, USA). We (1) surveyed the M. balthica populations in both rivers in 2003 and 2004, (2) determined the effects of low dissolved oxygen (DO) on M. balthica fecundity in a laboratory experiment, and (3) employed a predator-exclusion field experiment to establish the effects of hypoxia and prey density on predation upon M. balthica. The resultant data were used to parameterize a matrix model, which was analyzed to define potential effects of hypoxia at the population level. In both rivers, hypoxia decreased individual clam growth and caused local extinction of populations. Hypoxia reduced egg production of M. balthica by 40% and increased protein investment per egg. In the predator-exclusion field experiment, hypoxia magnified predation rates threefold and altered the functional response of predators to M. balthica from a stabilizing type III functional response to a destabilizing type II functional response. In a density-independent matrix model, hypoxia resulted in coupled source-sink metapopulation dynamics, with hypoxic areas acting as black-hole sinks. Increases in the spatial and temporal extent of hypoxia caused the populations to decline toward extinction. In a second model that incorporated density dependence, under mild hypoxic conditions trophic transfer from M. balthica to predators increased, but at increased spatial or temporal extent of hypoxia trophic transfer decreased. The major decline in trophic transfer to predators under severe hypoxia resulted from diversion of M. balthica biomass into the microbial loop. Our model predicted that there are multiple stable states for M. balthica populations (high and very low densities), such that the saddle point (threshold at which the population switches from one state to the other) increased and resilience decreased with the spatial extent of hypoxia. We underscore how effects of a stressor at the individual level can combine to have substantial population and ecosystem-level effects. C1 [Long, W. Christopher; Seitz, Rochelle D.; Brylawski, Bryce J.; Lipcius, Romuald N.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Long, WC (reprint author), NOAA, Kodiak Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM chris.long@noaa.gov RI Long, William/C-7074-2009; OI Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245; Seitz, Rochelle/0000-0001-8044-7424 FU EPA GRO; NOAA National Sea Grant, Essential Fish Habitat Program; Commonweath of Virginia; NOAA Chesapeake Bay Program; School of Marine Science, College of William and Mary; VIMS Graduate Student Association FX We thank M. Seebo, K. Knick, K. Erickson, R. Burke, J. Falls, D. Lambert, A. Lawless, K. Delano, A. Smith, and many summer interns for help with the field sampling; K. Knick and J. Long for help with the laboratory work; S. Schreiber for help with modeling; and D. Wolcott, J. Long, B. Knoth, R. Foy, F. Morado, and two anonymous reviewers for help with the revision of this manuscript. Predator abundance data was provided by the VIMS Juvenile Finfish and Blue Crab Survey (http://www.vims.edu/research/departments/fisheries/programs/juvenile_su rveys/index.php). W. C. Long was funded by an EPA GRO fellowship. Additional funding was provided by NOAA National Sea Grant, Essential Fish Habitat Program, by the Commonweath of Virginia, by a grant to the Blue Crab Advanced Research Consortium from the NOAA Chesapeake Bay Program, by a Student Research Grant by the School of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, and by a grant from the VIMS Graduate Student Association. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. This paper is contribution number 3303 from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, The College of William and Mary. NR 123 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 61 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 84 IS 2 BP 303 EP 327 DI 10.1890/13-0440.1 PG 25 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AH1DJ UT WOS:000335859700006 ER PT J AU Gough, RV Widegren, JA Bruno, TJ AF Gough, Raina V. Widegren, Jason A. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of the Thermally Stable Jet Fuels JP-7, JP-TS and JP-900 SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID ADVANCED DISTILLATION CURVE; SURROGATE MIXTURE MODEL; ROCKET PROPELLANTS RP-1; AVIATION TURBINE FUELS; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; SOUND MEASUREMENTS; N-DODECANE; TEMPERATURES; DENSITY; SPEED AB The thermal decomposition kinetics of JP-7, JP-TS and JP-900 were studied, motivated by the need of the hypersonic vehicle community for a fuel that has a high degree of thermal stability. Decomposition reactions were performed at 375, 400, 425 and 450 degrees C in stainless-steel ampule reactors. In all cases, the pressure before decomposition was 34.5 MPa (5000 psi). Decomposition as a function of time at each temperature was quantified by analyzing the thermally stressed liquid phase using gas chromatography. These results were used to determine global first-order rate constants that approximate the overall decomposition rate of of each fuel. For JP-7, these first-order rate constants ranged from 1.79 X 10(-5) s(-1) at 375 degrees C to 3.02 X 10(-4) s(-1) at 450 degrees C. For JP-TS, the rate constants had values between 1.74 x 10(-5) s(-1) at 375 degrees C to 2.70 x 10(-4) s(-1) at 450 degrees C. For JP-900, the rate constants ranged from 1.03 X 10(-5) s(-1) at 375 degrees C to 3.60 X 10(-4) s(-1) at 450 degrees C. At all temperatures studied, these three fuels have similar rate constants for thermal decomposition; with only one exception, the values of k' are identical within the combined uncertainty. The rate constants for the decomposition of RP-2, a fuel being considered as a replacement fuel for hypersonic vehicles, are similar in the temperature range studied. Considering the time needed for 1% of the sample to decompose (tom), we find that required instrument residence times range from 16 min at 375 degrees C to 30 s at 450 degrees C. The rate constants measured here, as well as the Arrhenius parameters that we calculate, can be used to design and plan physical property measurements at additional temperatures. C1 [Gough, Raina V.; Widegren, Jason A.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST Boulder, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST Boulder, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council FX We thank Dr. J. Timothy Edwards at the Air Force Research Laboratory/Wright Patterson Air Force Base for supplying the three fuels studied here. A National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship is gratefully acknowledged by R.V.G. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAY PY 2014 VL 28 IS 5 BP 3036 EP 3042 DI 10.1021/ef500338n PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AH5VN UT WOS:000336199300020 ER PT J AU Hsieh, PY Widegren, JA Fortin, TJ Bruno, TJ AF Hsieh, Peter Y. Widegren, Jason A. Fortin, Tara J. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Chemical and Thermophysical Characterization of an Algae-Based Hydrotreated Renewable Diesel Fuel SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID ADVANCED DISTILLATION CURVE; DECREASED PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; SURROGATE MIXTURE MODEL; ROCKET PROPELLANTS RP-1; AVIATION FUEL; JET-A; PHYSICOCHEMICAL AUTHENTICITY; BIODIESEL FUEL; IMPROVEMENTS; PETROLEUM AB Second-generation renewable fuels are synthesized through biochemical and thermochemical processes from nonfood biomass feedstock. The resultant fuels are similar to aliphatic synthetic fuels produced through the Fischer-Tropsch process, which contain mainly linear and lightly branched alkanes. We applied the advanced distillation curve method to an algae-based hydrotreated renewable naval distillate fuel (HRD-76) to measure its boiling temperature as a function of distillate volume fraction. Analysis of the bulk fuel sample through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry showed the principal components to be linear and branched alkanes containing 14-18 carbon atoms. The speed of sound and density of the fuel were estimated from its composition and compared with experimental data measured with a density and sound speed analyzer. The estimates were within 5% of the experimental values. The boiling temperature, density, and composition data were used to estimate the calculated cetane index of the fuel. We also measured the cloud point of the fuel through a constant cooling rate method with optical detection of paraffin wax precipitation. The measured cloud point was consistent with reported values for hydrotreated renewable fuels, which tend to be higher than cloud points of diesel fuels derived from petroleum. The quantitative thermophysical and chemical data can be used to improve combustion modeling of HRD-76 and other second-generation renewable fuels. C1 [Hsieh, Peter Y.; Widegren, Jason A.; Fortin, Tara J.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway,MS 647-07, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov RI Hsieh, Peter/F-5433-2012 OI Hsieh, Peter/0000-0001-9010-4863 FU National Research Council FX This research was performed while Peter Y. Hsieh held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST. NR 75 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAY PY 2014 VL 28 IS 5 BP 3192 EP 3205 DI 10.1021/ef500237t PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AH5VN UT WOS:000336199300038 ER PT J AU Lloyd, ID Oppenheimer, M AF Lloyd, Ian D. Oppenheimer, Michael TI On the Design of an International Governance Framework for Geoengineering SO GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-RADIATION MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE; POLITICS; COOPERATION; SCIENCE; REGIME; POWER AB This paper explores the governance options surrounding geoengineering-the deliberate, large-scale manipulation of the Earth's climate system to counteract climate change. The authors focus solely on methods that affect the incoming solar radiation to the atmosphere, referred to as solar radiation management (SRM). They examine whether an international governance framework for SRM is needed, how it should be designed, and whether it is feasible. The authors propose a governance regime that initially has small membership and weak legalization, and is flexible in that future institutional reforms allow for broader membership and deeper commitments. The article provides supporting evidence for key aspects of the regime through past international treaties in arms control and environmental protection, including the Antarctica, Outer Space, and Montreal Protocol treaty regimes. For these cases, acting early and treating the respective problems as part of the "regulation of unexplored territory" produced more effective outcomes than the "national appropriation" approach that characterizes arms control. C1 [Lloyd, Ian D.] US DOE, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Off Int Climate Change Policy & Technol, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Lloyd, Ian D.] Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Sci Technol & Environm Policy Program, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lloyd, Ian D.; Oppenheimer, Michael] Environm Def Fund, New York, NY USA. [Oppenheimer, Michael] Woodrow Wilson Sch, Program Sci Technol & Environm Policy, Princeton, NJ USA. [Oppenheimer, Michael] Princeton Environm Inst, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ USA. [Oppenheimer, Michael] Princeton Inst Int & Reg Studies, Princeton, NJ USA. [Oppenheimer, Michael] Environm Def Fund, Climate & Air Program, New York, NY USA. RP Lloyd, ID (reprint author), US DOE, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Off Int Climate Change Policy & Technol, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 15 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA ONE ROGERS ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142-1209 USA SN 1526-3800 EI 1536-0091 J9 GLOBAL ENVIRON POLIT JI Glob. Environ. Polit. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 14 IS 2 BP 45 EP + DI 10.1162/GLEP_a_00228 PG 20 WC Environmental Studies; Political Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA AH4ES UT WOS:000336080200004 ER PT J AU Cutter, GR Demer, DA AF Cutter, George R., Jr. Demer, David A. TI Seabed classification using surface backscattering strength versus acoustic frequency and incidence angle measured with vertical, split-beam echosounders SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE multifrequency biplanar interferometric imaging; normal incidence; rockfish; seabed backscatter; Sebastes; spectral; specular; surficial geology ID NEURAL-NETWORK ARCHITECTURE; BOTTOM BACKSCATTERING; FLOOR; DEPENDENCE; SCATTERING; MODEL AB The multifrequency biplanar interferometric imaging technique(MBI) is applied to data from vertical, split-beam echosounders to produce sub-beam estimates of seabed surface-backscattering strength (S-s), incidence angle (theta), and roughness (R). Asimple model is used to quantify the variation of S-s versus theta = {2-20 degrees} and acoustic frequency, f = {18, 38, 70, 120 and 200 kHz}. The coefficients of the angle- and frequency-dependent terms of the model indicate seabed material properties, principally small- and large-scale roughness and hardness. These indices are combined with the estimates of theta and R to classify the seabed using unsupervised cluster analysis. This technique is applied to data from the Forty-Three-Fathom Bank, a seamount in the Southern California Bight. The resulting seabed classifications are consistent with the surficial lithology and the spatial distribution of known rockfish (Sebastes spp.) habitat. The method should be generally applicable to seabed classification. C1 [Cutter, George R., Jr.; Demer, David A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries Resources Div, SW Fisheries Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Cutter, GR (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries Resources Div, SW Fisheries Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM george.cutter@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2014 VL 71 IS 4 BP 882 EP 894 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst177 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AH9AH UT WOS:000336430200013 ER PT J AU Zhang, XY Tan, B Yu, YY AF Zhang, Xiaoyang Tan, Bin Yu, Yunyue TI Interannual variations and trends in global land surface phenology derived from enhanced vegetation index during 1982-2010 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Long-term global phenology; Interannual variation; Trend; Remote sensing ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; TIME-SERIES; CANOPY PHENOLOGY; GROWING-SEASON; SATELLITE DATA; TEMPORAL VARIATION; AVHRR DATA; DATA SET AB Land surface phenology is widely retrieved from satellite observations at regional and global scales, and its long-term record has been demonstrated to be a valuable tool for reconstructing past climate variations, monitoring the dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems in response to climate impacts, and predicting biological responses to future climate scenarios. This study detected global land surface phenology from the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data from 1982 to 2010. Based on daily enhanced vegetation index at a spatial resolution of 0.05 degrees, we simulated the seasonal vegetative trajectory for each individual pixel using piecewise logistic models, which was then used to detect the onset of greenness increase (OGI) and the length of vegetation growing season (GSL). Further, both overall interannual variations and pixel-based trends were examined across Koeppen's climate regions for the periods of 1982-1999 and 2000-2010, respectively. The results show that OGI and GSL varied considerably during 1982-2010 across the globe. Generally, the interannual variation could be more than a month in precipitation-controlled tropical and dry climates while it was mainly less than 15 days in temperature-controlled temperate, cold, and polar climates. OGI, overall, shifted early, and GSL was prolonged from 1982 to 2010 in most climate regions in North America and Asia while the consistently significant trends only occurred in cold climate and polar climate in North America. The overall trends in Europe were generally insignificant. Over South America, late OGI was consistent (particularly from 1982 to 1999) while either positive or negative GSL trends in a climate region were mostly reversed between the periods of 1982-1999 and 2000-2010. In the Northern Hemisphere of Africa, OGI trends were mostly insignificant, but prolonged GSL was evident over individual climate regions during the last 3 decades. OGI mainly showed late trends in the Southern Hemisphere of Africa while GSL was reversed from reduced GSL trends (1982-1999) to prolonged trends (2000-2010). In Australia, GSL exhibited considerable interannual variation, but the consistent trend lacked presence in most regions. Finally, the proportion of pixels with significant trends was less than 1 % in most of climate regions although it could be as large as 10 %. C1 [Zhang, Xiaoyang] S Dakota State Univ, GSCE, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Tan, Bin] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Resources Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yu, Yunyue] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Zhang, XY (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, GSCE, 1021 Medary Ave,Wecota Hall 506B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM xiaoyang.zhang@sdstate.edu RI Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010 FU NASA MEaSUREs [NNX08AT05A] FX This work was partially supported by NASA MEaSUREs contract NNX08AT05A. We wish to thank Kamel Didan and Armando Barreto Munoz at the University of Arizona for providing long-term EVI2 detest. NR 67 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0020-7128 EI 1432-1254 J9 INT J BIOMETEOROL JI Int. J. Biometeorol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 58 IS 4 BP 547 EP 564 DI 10.1007/s00484-014-0802-z PG 18 WC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology GA AH7QU UT WOS:000336329300013 PM 24639008 ER PT J AU Vose, RS Applequist, S Squires, M Durre, I Menne, MJ Williams, CN Fenimore, C Gleason, K Arndt, D AF Vose, Russell S. Applequist, Scott Squires, Mike Durre, Imke Menne, Matthew J. Williams, Claude N., Jr. Fenimore, Chris Gleason, Karin Arndt, Derek TI Improved Historical Temperature and Precipitation Time Series for U.S. Climate Divisions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Climatology; Surface observations; Interpolation schemes ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; WINTER PRECIPITATION; NORTH-AMERICA; DATABASE; DROUGHT; TRENDS; MODEL; INTERPOLATION; VARIABILITY; MOISTURE AB This paper describes an improved edition of the climate division dataset for the conterminous United States (i.e., version 2). The first improvement is to the input data, which now include additional station networks, quality assurance reviews, and temperature bias adjustments. The second improvement is to the suite of climatic elements, which now includes both maximum and minimum temperatures. The third improvement is to the computational approach, which now employs climatologically aided interpolation to address topographic and network variability. Version 2 exhibits substantial differences from version 1 over the period 1895-2012. For example, divisional averages in version 2 tend to be cooler and wetter, particularly in mountainous areas of the western United States. Division-level trends in temperature and precipitation display greater spatial consistency in version 2. National-scale temperature trends in version 2 are comparable to those in the U.S. Historical Climatology Network whereas version 1 exhibits less warming as a result of historical changes in observing practices. Divisional errors in version 2 are likely less than 0.5 degrees C for temperature and 20 mm for precipitation at the start of the record, falling rapidly thereafter. Overall, these results indicate that version 2 can supersede version 1 in both operational climate monitoring and applied climatic research. C1 [Vose, Russell S.; Applequist, Scott; Squires, Mike; Durre, Imke; Menne, Matthew J.; Williams, Claude N., Jr.; Fenimore, Chris; Gleason, Karin; Arndt, Derek] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Vose, RS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM russell.vose@noaa.gov RI Arndt, Derek/J-3022-2013 NR 61 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1232 EP 1251 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0248.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AG6ZF UT WOS:000335567000007 ER PT J AU Williams, CR Bringi, VN Carey, LD Chandrasekar, V Gatlin, PN Haddad, ZS Meneghini, R Munchak, SJ Nesbitt, SW Petersen, WA Tanelli, S Tokay, A Wilson, A Wolff, DB AF Williams, Christopher R. Bringi, V. N. Carey, Lawrence D. Chandrasekar, V. Gatlin, Patrick N. Haddad, Ziad S. Meneghini, Robert Munchak, S. Joseph Nesbitt, Stephen W. Petersen, Walter A. Tanelli, Simone Tokay, Ali Wilson, Anna Wolff, David B. TI Describing the Shape of Raindrop Size Distributions Using Uncorrelated Raindrop Mass Spectrum Parameters SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Precipitation; Rainfall; Algorithms; Radars; Radar observations; Satellite observations ID FREQUENCY RADAR MEASUREMENTS; TRMM PRECIPITATION RADAR; GAMMA-DISTRIBUTIONS; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; PROFILING ALGORITHM; MOMENT ESTIMATORS; VIDEO DISDROMETER; MICROPHYSICS; ERRORS; BIAS AB Rainfall retrieval algorithms often assume a gamma-shaped raindrop size distribution (DSD) with three mathematical parameters N-w, D-m, and . If only two independent measurements are available, as with the dual-frequency precipitation radar on the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission core satellite, then retrieval algorithms are underconstrained and require assumptions about DSD parameters. To reduce the number of free parameters, algorithms can assume that is either a constant or a function of D-m. Previous studies have suggested - constraints [where = (4 + )/D-m], but controversies exist over whether - constraints result from physical processes or mathematical artifacts due to high correlations between gamma DSD parameters. This study avoids mathematical artifacts by developing joint probability distribution functions (joint PDFs) of statistically independent DSD attributes derived from the raindrop mass spectrum. These joint PDFs are then mapped into gamma-shaped DSD parameter joint PDFs that can be used in probabilistic rainfall retrieval algorithms as proposed for the GPM satellite program. Surface disdrometer data show a high correlation coefficient between the mass spectrum mean diameter D-m and mass spectrum standard deviation sigma(m). To remove correlations between DSD attributes, a normalized mass spectrum standard deviation is constructed to be statistically independent of D-m, with representing the most likely value and std representing its dispersion. Joint PDFs of D-m and are created from D-m and . A simple algorithm shows that rain-rate estimates had smaller biases when assuming the DSD breadth of than when assuming a constant . C1 [Williams, Christopher R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Williams, Christopher R.] NOAA, ESRL Phys Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Bringi, V. N.; Chandrasekar, V.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Carey, Lawrence D.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Gatlin, Patrick N.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Haddad, Ziad S.; Tanelli, Simone] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Meneghini, Robert] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Munchak, S. Joseph] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nesbitt, Stephen W.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL USA. [Petersen, Walter A.; Wolff, David B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. [Tokay, Ali] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Wilson, Anna] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. RP Williams, CR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM christopher.williams@colorado.edu RI Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015; OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850; Gatlin, Patrick/0000-0001-9345-1457 FU NASA Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission [NNX13AI94G, NNX10AM54G, NNX13AF89G, NNX12AD03A, NNX10AP84G, NNX13AF86G, NNX13AJ55G, NNX13AI89G, NNX10AH66G]; NASA Precipitation Measurement Missions (PMM) FX Support for this work was provided by Ramesh Kakar under the NASA Precipitation Measurement Missions (PMM) and NASA Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, including Grants NNX13AI94G, NNX10AM54G, NNX13AF89G, NNX12AD03A, NNX10AP84G, NNX13AF86G, NNX13AJ55G, NNX13AI89G, and NNX10AH66G. The authors thank Dr. Merhala Thurai for her insightful discussions. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1282 EP 1296 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-076.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AG6ZF UT WOS:000335567000010 ER PT J AU Duewer, D AF Duewer, Dave TI Bruce R. Kowalski, 7 Mar 1942 to 1 Dec 2012 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMOMETRICS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Duewer, D (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.duewer@nist.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0886-9383 EI 1099-128X J9 J CHEMOMETR JI J. Chemometr. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 28 IS 5 SI SI BP 319 EP 320 DI 10.1002/cem.2622 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA AG6HY UT WOS:000335520900001 ER PT J AU Fan, YL Lin, SJ Griffies, SM Hemer, MA AF Fan, Yalin Lin, Shian-Jiann Griffies, Stephen M. Hemer, Mark A. TI Simulated Global Swell and Wind-Sea Climate and Their Responses to Anthropogenic Climate Change at the End of the Twenty-First Century SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Climate prediction; Climate models; Coupled models; Seasonal variability ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; WAVE-DRIVEN WIND; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; EL-NINO; OCEAN; MODEL; VARIABILITY; ICE; OSCILLATION AB The seasonal structure of the wind sea and swell is analyzed from the existing 29-yr surface gravity wave climatology produced using a coupled atmosphere-wave model. The swell energy fraction analysis shows that swell dominates most of the World Ocean basins for all four seasons, and the Southern Ocean swells dominate swell in the global ocean. The swells are loosely correlated with the surface wind in the midlatitude storm region in both hemispheres, while their energy distribution and propagation direction do not show any relation with local winds and vary significantly with season because of nonlinear interactions. The same coupled system is then used to investigate the projected future change in wind-sea and swell climate through a time-slice simulation. Forcing of the coupled model was obtained by perturbing the model sea surface temperatures and sea ice with anomalies generated by representative Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) coupled models that use the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) A1B scenario late in the twenty-first century. Robust responses found in the wind seas are associated with modified climate indices. A dipole pattern in the North Atlantic during the boreal winter is associated with more frequent occurrence of the positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) phases under global warming, and the wind-sea energy increase in the Southern Ocean is associated with the continuous shift of the southern annular mode (SAM) toward its positive phase. Swell responses are less robust because of nonlinearity. The only consistent response in swells is the strong energy increase in the western Pacific and Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean during the austral winter and autumn. C1 [Fan, Yalin] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Fan, Yalin; Lin, Shian-Jiann; Griffies, Stephen M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hemer, Mark A.] CSIRO Wealth Oceans Natl Res Flagship, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Hemer, Mark A.] CSIRO, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Hemer, Mark A.] Bur Meteorol, Hobart, Tas, Australia. RP Fan, YL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM yalin.fan.ctr@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Hemer, Mark/M-1905-2013 OI Hemer, Mark/0000-0002-7725-3474 FU Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program by NOAA FX The authors thank Drs. I. M. Held and M. Winton for valuable discussions on the interpretation of these results and Z. Liang for helping to develop the coupled atmosphere-wave model system used in this study. Yalin Fan was partially supported by the Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program by NOAA. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their critical comments, all of whom greatly helped to improve this manuscript. NR 55 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 27 IS 10 BP 3516 EP 3536 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00198.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AG6PO UT WOS:000335541100004 ER PT J AU Chiodi, AM Harrison, DE Vecchi, GA AF Chiodi, Andrew M. Harrison, D. E. Vecchi, Gabriel A. TI Subseasonal Atmospheric Variability and El Nino Waveguide Warming: Observed Effects of the Madden-Julian Oscillation and Westerly Wind Events* SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Atmosphere-ocean interaction; El Nino; ENSO; Madden-Julian oscillation; Wind bursts; Intraseasonal variability ID EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL PACIFIC; OCEAN RESPONSE; SCALE CIRCULATION; TOGA COARE; ENSO; BURSTS; MODEL; CYCLE AB Westerly wind events (WWEs) have previously been shown to initiate equatorial Pacific waveguide warming. The relationship between WWEs and Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) activity, as well as the role of MJO events in initiating waveguide warming, is reconsidered here over the 1986-2010 period. WWEs are identified in observations of near-surface zonal winds using an objective scheme. MJO events are defined using a widely used index, and 64 are identified that occur when the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is in its neutral state. Of these MJO events, 43 have one or more embedded WWEs and 21 do not. The evolution of sea surface temperature anomaly over the equatorial Pacific waveguide following the westerly surface wind phase of the MJO over the western equatorial Pacific is examined. Waveguide warming is found for the MJO with WWE events in similar magnitudes as following the WWEs not embedded in an MJO. There is very little statistically significant waveguide warming following MJO events that do not contain an embedded WWE. The observed SST anomaly changes are well reproduced in an ocean general circulation model forced with the respective composite wind stress anomalies. Further, it is found that the occurrence of an MJO event does not significantly affect the likelihood that a WWE will occur. These results extend and confirm the earlier results of Vecchi with a near doubling of the period of study. It is suggested that understanding the sources and predictability of tropical Pacific westerly wind events remains essential to improving predictions of the onset of El Nino events. C1 [Chiodi, Andrew M.; Harrison, D. E.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Chiodi, Andrew M.; Harrison, D. E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Chiodi, AM (reprint author), NOAA, PMEL, Box 354925,7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM andy.chiodi@noaa.gov RI Harrison, Don/D-9582-2013; Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Chiodi, Andrew/Q-7818-2016 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148]; Climate Observations Division of the NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) FX This publication is (partially) funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, Contribution 2021, and by support from the Climate Observations Division of the NOAA Climate Program Office as well as from NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). We thank M. Lengaigne for helpful comments and the anonymous reviewers. NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 27 IS 10 BP 3619 EP 3642 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00547.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AG6PO UT WOS:000335541100010 ER PT J AU Lau, NC Nath, MJ AF Lau, Ngar-Cheung Nath, Mary Jo TI Model Simulation and Projection of European Heat Waves in Present-Day and Future Climates SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Europe; Atmospheric circulation; Extreme events; Climate change; Climate models ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE EXTREMES; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; UNITED-STATES; MEAN-FLOW; 20TH-CENTURY; CIRCULATION; ANOMALIES; HEATWAVES; WEATHER AB The synoptic behavior of present-day heat waves (HW) over Europe is studied using the GFDL high-resolution atmospheric model (HiRAM) with 50-km grid spacing. Three regions of enhanced and coherent temperature variability are identified over western Russia, eastern Europe, and western Europe. The simulated HW characteristics are compared with those derived from Climate Forecast System Reanalysis products. Composite charts for outstanding HW episodes resemble well-known recurrent circulation types. The HW region is overlain by a prominent upper-level anticyclone, which blocks the passage of synoptic-scale transients. The altered eddy vorticity transports in turn reinforce the anticyclone. The anticyclone is part of a planetary-scale wave train. The successive downstream development of this wave train is indicative of Rossby wave dispersion.Additional runs of HiRAM are conducted for the time slices of 2026-35 and 2086-95 in the climate scenario corresponding to representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5). By the end of the twenty-first century, the average duration and frequency of HW in the three European sites are projected to increase by a factor of 1.4-2.0 and 2.2-4.5, respectively, from the present-day values. These changes can be reproduced by adding the mean shift between the present and future climatological temperatures to the daily fluctuations in the present-day simulation. The output from a continuous integration of a coupled general circulation model through the 1901-2100 period indicates a monotonic increase in severity, duration, and HW days during the twenty-first century. C1 [Lau, Ngar-Cheung; Nath, Mary Jo] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Lau, NC (reprint author), Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Inst Environm Energy & Sustainabil, Dept Geog & Resource Management, 903A Yasumoto Int Acad Pk, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM gabriel.lau@cuhk.edu.hk NR 51 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 38 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 27 IS 10 BP 3713 EP 3730 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00284.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AG6PO UT WOS:000335541100015 ER PT J AU Xu, LH Lees, RM Hougen, JT Bowman, JM Huang, XC Carter, S AF Xu, Li-Hong Lees, R. M. Hougen, Jon T. Bowman, Joel M. Huang, Xinchuan Carter, Stuart TI Comparison of independently calculated ab initio normal-mode displacements for the three C-H stretching vibrations of methanol along the internal rotation path SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Ab initio; Cartesian displacements; Geometric phase; Internal rotation; Methanol; Normal modes; Projected frequencies AB Graphical displays of normal-mode coefficients from recent quantum chemical projected-frequency calculations are compared with analogous displays constructed after reexamination of results from more extensive higher-level calculations described earlier in the literature. Such comparisons confirm the facts that: (i) no geometrical phase is accumulated in these coefficients when the methyl top undergoes one complete internal-rotation revolution with respect to the frame, and (ii) some of the coefficients, when plotted against the internal rotation angle, exhibit near-cusp-like behavior at one or two angles. The connection between these graphical displays and the magnitude of "Jahn-Teller-like" and "Renner-Teller-like" torsion-vibration interaction terms in a previously reported model Hamiltonian, as well as the connection between the lack of geometric-phase accumulation in these graphs and the number of conical intersections enclosed by one full internal-rotation motion, are briefly discussed. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Li-Hong; Lees, R. M.] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Phys, Ctr Laser Atom & Mol Sci, St John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada. [Hougen, Jon T.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bowman, Joel M.; Carter, Stuart] Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Cherry L Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Huang, Xinchuan] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Hougen, JT (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jon.hougen@nist.gov RI HUANG, XINCHUAN/A-3266-2013; Xu, Li-Hong/J-5095-2015 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX The authors are greatly indebted to D.S. Perry and M. Dawadi for communicating their preliminary results prior to publication. L.H.X. and R.M.L. gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 EI 1096-083X J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 299 BP 11 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2014.02.007 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA AH7WU UT WOS:000336346900003 ER PT J AU Thode, AM Wild, L Mathias, D Straley, J Lunsford, C AF Thode, Aaron M. Wild, Lauren Mathias, Delphine Straley, Janice Lunsford, Christopher TI A comparison of acoustic and visual metrics of sperm whale longline depredation SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HIGH-LATITUDE HABITAT; PHYSETER-MACROCEPHALUS; PREY-CAPTURE; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; DIVING BEHAVIOR; SOUTH GEORGIA; ORCINUS-ORCA; CLICK; ECHOLOCATION; ALASKA AB Annual federal stock assessment surveys for Alaskan sablefish also attempt to measure sperm whale depredation by quantifying visual evidence of depredation, including lip remains and damaged fish. A complementary passive acoustic method for quantifying depredation was investigated during the 2011 and 2012 survey hauls. A combination of machine-aided and human analysis counted the number of distinct "creak" sounds detected on autonomous recorders deployed during the survey, emphasizing sounds that are followed by silence ("creak-pauses"), a possible indication of prey capture. These raw counts were then adjusted for variations in background noise levels between deployments. Both a randomized Pearson correlation analysis and a generalized linear model found that noise-adjusted counts of "creak-pauses" were highly correlated with survey counts of lip remains during both years (2012: r(10) = 0.89, p = 1e-3; 2011: r(39) = 0.72, p = 4e-3) and somewhat correlated with observed sablefish damage in 2011 [r(39) = 0.37, p = 0.03], but uncorrelated with other species depredation. The acoustic depredation count was anywhere from 10% to 80% higher than the visual counts, depending on the survey year and assumptions employed. The results suggest that passive acoustics can provide upper bounds on depredation rates; however, the observed correlation breaks down whenever three or more whales are present. (C) 2014 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Thode, Aaron M.; Mathias, Delphine] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Wild, Lauren] Sitka Sound Sci Ctr, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. [Straley, Janice] Univ Alaska Southeast, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. [Lunsford, Christopher] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Thode, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM athode@ucsd.edu FU NOAA Grant Award [NA11NMF4370001]; North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [918] FX This project was supported by NOAA Grant Award Number NA11NMF4370001. We would like to thank Victoria O'Connell for helping to secure funding for the project and focusing discussions about acoustic depredation measurements. We also thank the crews of the F/V Prowler and the F/V Alaskan Leader for their assistance and patience in deploying and recovering the autonomous acoustic recorders. Dan Falvey designed a quick-release clamp and bridle system that made the rapid deployment of acoustic recorders practical, and he provided useful insight into various issues involving acoustic interpretations of depredation. Natalie Sattler, Gina Horath, and Patricia Fernandez all assisted in the acoustic data analysis. The North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) (Project 918) provided the initial support to build the 2011 acoustic instruments. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 135 IS 5 BP 3086 EP 3100 DI 10.1121/1.4869853 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA AH5HV UT WOS:000336160000063 PM 24926504 ER PT J AU Rudnick, PA Wang, X Yan, XJ Sedransk, N Stein, SE AF Rudnick, Paul A. Wang, Xia Yan, Xinjian Sedransk, Nell Stein, Stephen E. TI Improved Normalization of Systematic Biases Affecting Ion Current Measurements in Label-free Proteomics Data* SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; QUANTIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; DISCOVERY; SELECTION; PROTEINS AB Normalization is an important step in the analysis of quantitative proteomics data. If this step is ignored, systematic biases can lead to incorrect assumptions about regulation. Most statistical procedures for normalizing proteomics data have been borrowed from genomics where their development has focused on the removal of so-called batch effects.' In general, a typical normalization step in proteomics works under the assumption that most peptides/proteins do not change; scaling is then used to give a median log-ratio of 0. The focus of this work was to identify other factors, derived from knowledge of the variables in proteomics, which might be used to improve normalization. Here we have examined the multi-laboratory data sets from Phase I of the NCI's CPTAC program. Surprisingly, the most important bias variables affecting peptide intensities within labs were retention time and charge state. The magnitude of these observations was exaggerated in samples of unequal concentrations or spike-in levels, presumably because the average precursor charge for peptides with higher charge state potentials is lower at higher relative sample concentrations. These effects are consistent with reduced protonation during electrospray and demonstrate that the physical properties of the peptides themselves can serve as good reporters of systematic biases. Between labs, retention time, precursor m/z, and peptide length were most commonly the top-ranked bias variables, over the standardly used average intensity (A). A larger set of variables was then used to develop a stepwise normalization procedure. This statistical model was found to perform as well or better on the CPTAC mock biomarker data than other commonly used methods. Furthermore, the method described here does not require a priori knowledge of the systematic biases in a given data set. These improvements can be attributed to the inclusion of variables other than average intensity during normalization. C1 [Rudnick, Paul A.; Yan, Xinjian; Stein, Stephen E.] NIST, Mass Spectrometry Data Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rudnick, Paul A.] Spectragen Informat, Rockville, MD 20853 USA. [Wang, Xia] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Sedransk, Nell] Natl Inst Stat Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Rudnick, PA (reprint author), Spectragen Informat, 4708 Levada Ter, Rockville, MD 20853 USA. EM paul.rudnick@spectragen-informatics.com FU National Cancer Institute Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) [IAA ACO13004]; National Institute of Standards and Technology; Association for Women in Mathematics National Science Foundation; University of Cincinnati FX This work was supported by IAA ACO13004 ("Proteomics Measurement Quality Assurance Program"), from the National Cancer Institute Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) and National Institute of Standards and Technology. XW was partially supported by the Association for Women in Mathematics National Science Foundation Travel Grant and the Taft Travel Grant at the University of Cincinnati. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 EI 1535-9484 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD MAY PY 2014 VL 13 IS 5 BP 1341 EP 1351 DI 10.1074/mcp.M113.030593 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AG7EN UT WOS:000335581000015 PM 24563535 ER PT J AU Page, KA Kusoglu, A Stafford, CM Kim, S Kline, RJ Weber, AZ AF Page, Kirt A. Kusoglu, Ahmet Stafford, Christopher M. Kim, Sangcheol Kline, R. Joseph Weber, Adam Z. TI Confinement-Driven Increase in Ionomer Thin-Film Modulus SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Nafion; ionomers; membranes; fuel cells; thin films; modulus; stiffness; confinement ID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE; NAFION MEMBRANES; ELASTIC-MODULI; FUEL-CELLS; WATER; TRANSPORT; TEMPERATURE; CONDUCTIVITY; HUMIDITY; DYNAMICS AB Ion-conductive polymers, or ionomers, are critical materials for a wide range of electrochemical technologies. For optimizing the complex heterogeneous structures in which they occur, there is a need to elucidate the governing structure property relationships, especially at nanoscale dimensions where interfacial interactions dominate the overall materials response due to confinement effects. It is widely acknowledged that polymer physical behavior can be drastically altered from the bulk when under confinement and the literature is replete with examples thereof. However, there is a deficit in the understanding of ionomers when confined to the nanoscale, although it is apparent from literature that confinement can influence ionomer properties. Herein we show that as one particular ionomer, Nafion, is confined to thin films, there is a drastic increase in the modulus over the bulk value, and we demonstrate that this stiffening can explain previously observed deviations in materials properties such as water transport and uptake upon confinement. Moreover, we provide insight into the underlying confinement-induced stiffening through the application of a simple theoretical framework based on self-consistent micromechanics. This framework can be applied to other polymer systems and assumes that as the polymer is confined the mechanical response becomes dominated by the modulus of individual polymer chains. C1 [Page, Kirt A.; Stafford, Christopher M.; Kim, Sangcheol; Kline, R. Joseph] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kusoglu, Ahmet; Weber, Adam Z.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Page, KA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kirt.page@nist.gov; akusoglu@lbl.gov RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; OI Kusoglu, Ahmet/0000-0002-2761-1050 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported at LBNL by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Office, of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light Source, a Directorate of SLAG National Accelerator Laboratory and an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Stanford University. Equipment and instruments or materials are identified in the manuscript in order to adequately specify the experimental details. Such identification does not imply recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply the materials are necessarily the best available for the purpose. The error bars presented throughout this manuscript represent one standard deviation of the data, which is taken as the experimental uncertainty of the measurement. NR 42 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 60 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 14 IS 5 BP 2299 EP 2304 DI 10.1021/nl501233g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AH4CR UT WOS:000336074800010 PM 24773397 ER PT J AU Moon, EJ Balachandran, PV Kirby, BJ Keavney, DJ Sichel-Tissot, RJ Schleputz, CM Karapetrova, E Cheng, XM Rondinelli, JM May, SJ AF Moon, E. J. Balachandran, P. V. Kirby, B. J. Keavney, D. J. Sichel-Tissot, R. J. Schlepuetz, C. M. Karapetrova, E. Cheng, X. M. Rondinelli, J. M. May, S. J. TI Effect of Interfacial Octahedral Behavior in Ultrathin Manganite Films SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Manganites; perovskites; epitaxial ultrathin film; interfacial properties ID MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS; OXIDE HETEROSTRUCTURES; PEROVSKITES; TERMINATION; TRANSPORT; NDGAO3 AB We investigate structural coupling of the MnO6 octahedra across a film/substrate interface and the resultant changes of the physical properties of ultrathin La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 (LSMO) films. In order to isolate the effect of interfacial MnO6 octahedral behavior from that of epitaxial strain, LSMO films are grown on substrates with different symmetry and similar lattice parameters. Ultrathin LSMO films show an increased magnetization and electrical conductivity on cubic (LaAlO3)(0.3)(Sr2AlTaO6)(0.7) (LSAT) compared to those grown on orthorhombic NdGaO3 (NGO) substrates, an effect that subsides as the thickness of the films is increased. This study demonstrates that interfacial structural coupling can play a critical role in the functional properties of oxide heterostructures. C1 [Moon, E. J.; Balachandran, P. V.; Sichel-Tissot, R. J.; Rondinelli, J. M.; May, S. J.] Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Kirby, B. J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Keavney, D. J.; Schlepuetz, C. M.; Karapetrova, E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Cheng, X. M.] Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Phys, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. RP Moon, EJ (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM em582@drexel.edu; smay@coe.drexel.edu RI May, Steven/D-8563-2011; Rondinelli, James/A-2071-2009; Moon, Eun Ju/C-7856-2014; Schleputz, Christian/C-4696-2008; Cheng, Xuemei/D-2388-2010 OI May, Steven/0000-0002-8097-1549; Rondinelli, James/0000-0003-0508-2175; Schleputz, Christian/0000-0002-0485-2708; Cheng, Xuemei/0000-0001-6670-4316 FU U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-12-1-0132, W911NF-11-1-0283]; DARPA [N66001-12-4224]; ARO [W911NF-12-1-0133]; US DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSF [DMR-1053854] FX We thank Leszek Wielunski for RBS measurements and Goran Karapetrov for access to his AFM instrument. E.J.M. and S.J.M. were supported by the U.S. Army Research Office under Grant W911NF-12-1-0132. Acquisition of the PPMS was supported by the U.S. Army Research Office under Grant W911NF-11-1-0283. P.V.B. and J.M.R. were supported by DARPA and ARO under Grant N66001-12-4224 and W911NF-12-1-0133, respectively. DFT calculations were carried out at the high-performance computing cluster (CARBON) of the Center for Nanoscale Materials (Argonne National Laboratory) supported by the US DOE (DE-AC02-06CH11357). Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. X.M.C. was supported by NSF DMR-1053854. NR 49 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 8 U2 89 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 14 IS 5 BP 2509 EP 2514 DI 10.1021/nl500235f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AH4CR UT WOS:000336074800042 PM 24697503 ER PT J AU Halverson, S Mahadevan, S Ramsey, L Hearty, F Wilson, J Holtzman, J Redman, S Nave, G Nidever, D Nelson, M Venditti, N Bizyaev, D Fleming, S AF Halverson, Samuel Mahadevan, Suvrath Ramsey, Lawrence Hearty, Fred Wilson, John Holtzman, Jon Redman, Stephen Nave, Gillian Nidever, David Nelson, Matt Venditti, Nick Bizyaev, Dmitry Fleming, Scott TI Development of Fiber Fabry-Perot Interferometers as Stable Near-infrared Calibration Sources for High Resolution Spectrographs SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID RADIAL-VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS; LASER FREQUENCY COMB; HOLLOW-CATHODE LAMPS; HABITABLE ZONES; PRECISION; PLANETS; TELESCOPE; SPECTRUM; S(-1); STARS AB We discuss the ongoing development of single-mode fiber Fabry-Perot (FFP) Interferometers as precise astrophotonic calibration sources for high precision radial velocity (RV) spectrographs. FFPs are simple, inexpensive, monolithic units that can yield a stable and repeatable output spectrum. An FFP is a unique alternative to a traditional etalon, as the interferometric cavity is made of single-mode fiber rather than an air-gap spacer. This design allows for excellent collimation, high spectral finesse, rigid mechanical stability, insensitivity to vibrations, and no need for vacuum operation. The device we have tested is a commercially available product from Micron Optics.(10) Our development path is targeted toward a calibration source for the Habitable-Zone Planet Finder (HPF), a near-infrared spectrograph designed to detect terrestrial-mass planets around low-mass stars, but this reference could also be used in many existing and planned fiber-fed spectrographs as we illustrate using the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) instrument. With precise temperature control of the fiber etalon, we achieve a thermal stability of 100 mu K and associated velocity uncertainty of 22 cm s(-1). We achieve a precision of approximate to 2 m s(-1) in a single APOGEE fiber over 12 hr using this new photonic reference after removal of systematic correlations. This high precision (close to the expected photon-limited floor) is a testament to both the excellent intrinsic wavelength stability of the fiber interferometer and the stability of the APOGEE instrument design. Overall instrument velocity precision is 80 cm s(-1) over 12 hr when averaged over all 300 APOGEE fibers and after removal of known trends and pressure correlations, implying the fiber etalon is intrinsically stable to significantly higher precision. C1 [Halverson, Samuel; Mahadevan, Suvrath; Ramsey, Lawrence; Venditti, Nick] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Halverson, Samuel; Mahadevan, Suvrath; Ramsey, Lawrence] Ctr Exoplanets & Habitable Worlds, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Halverson, Samuel; Mahadevan, Suvrath] Penn State Astrobiol Res Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hearty, Fred; Wilson, John; Nelson, Matt] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Holtzman, Jon] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Redman, Stephen; Nave, Gillian] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nidever, David] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bizyaev, Dmitry] Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Fleming, Scott] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21211 USA. RP Halverson, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. FU Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds; Pennsylvania State University; Eberly College of Science; Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium; NSF [AST 1006676, AST 1126413, AST 1310885]; NASA Astrobiology Institute [NNA09DA76A]; Penn State Bunton-Waller fellowship program; Braddock/Roberts fellowship program; Sigma Xi Grant-in-Aid program; NIST; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy office of Science; University of Arizona; Brazilian Participation Group; Brookhaven National Laboratory; University of Cambridge; Carnegie Mellon University; University of Florida; French Participation Group; German Participation Group; Harvard University; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias; Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group; Johns Hopkins University; Lawrence erkeley National Laboratory; Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics; Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics; New Mexico State University; New York University; Ohio State University; University of Portsmouth; Princeton University; Spanish Participation Group; University of Tokyo; University of Utah; Vanderbilt University; University of Virginia; University of Washington; Yale University FX This work was partially supported by funding from the Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds. The Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds is supported by Pennsylvania State University, the Eberly College of Science, and the Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium. We acknowledge support from NSF grants AST 1006676, AST 1126413, AST 1310885, and the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NNA09DA76A) in our pursuit of precision radial velocities in the NIR. SPH acknowledges support from the Penn State Bunton-Waller, and Braddock/Roberts fellowship programs and the Sigma Xi Grant-in-Aid program. This research was performed while SLR held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST.; This work was based on observations with the SDSS 2.5-meter telescope. Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Energy office of Science. The SDSS-III web site is http://www.sdss3.org/. SDSS-III is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS-III Collaboration including the University of Arizona, the Brazilian Participation Group, Brookhaven National Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Carnegie Mellon University, University of Florida, the French Participation Group, the German Participation Group, Harvard University, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, the Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, Lawrence erkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, New Mexico State University, New York University, Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the Spanish Participation Group, University of Tokyo, University of Utah, Vanderbilt University, University of Virginia, University of Washington, and Yale University. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 126 IS 939 BP 445 EP 458 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AI1VJ UT WOS:000336643000002 ER PT J AU Blanchard, P Bertness, KA Harvey, T Sanford, N AF Blanchard, Paul Bertness, Kris A. Harvey, Todd Sanford, Norman TI Establishing an upper bound on contact resistivity of ohmic contacts to n-GaN nanowires SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gallium nitride; nanowires; contact resistivity ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; PARTICLE SWARM; RESISTANCE; FABRICATION; DEVICES; LIGHT AB Contact resistivity rho(c) is an important figure of merit in evaluating and improving the performance of electronic and optoelectronic devices. Due to the small size, unique morphology, and uncertain transport properties of semiconductor nanowires (NWs), measuring rho(c) of contacts to NWs can be particularly challenging. In this work, Si-doped n-GaN NWs were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Four-contact structures with 20 nm Ti/200 nm Al contacts were fabricated on individual NWs by photolithography, and the contacts were annealed to achieve ohmic behavior. Two-point resistances R-23 and four-point collinear resistances R-23collinear were measured between the middle two contacts on each NW. These resistances were then modeled by taking into account the non-uniform distribution of current flow along the length of each contact. Contrary to the assumption that the resistance difference R-23-R-23collinear is equal to the total contact resistance R-c, the distributed-current-flow contact model shows that R-23-R-23collinear << R-c when rho(c) is sufficiently small. Indeed, the measured R-23-R-23collinear was so small in these devices that it was within the measurement uncertainty, meaning that it was not possible to directly calculate rho(c) from these data. However, it was possible to calculate an upper bound on rho(c) for each device based on the largest possible value of R-23-R-23collinear. In addition, we took into account the large uncertainties in the NW transport properties by numerically maximizing rho(c) with respect to the uncertainty range of each measured and assumed parameter in the contact model. The resulting upper limits on rho(c) ranged from 4.2 x 10(-6) to 7.6 x 10(-6) Omega cm(2), indicating that 20 nm Ti/200 nm Al is a good choice of ohmic contact for moderately-doped n-GaN NWs. The measurement and numerical analysis demonstrated here offer a general approach to modeling ohmic contact resistivity via NW four-point measurements. C1 [Blanchard, Paul; Bertness, Kris A.; Harvey, Todd; Sanford, Norman] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Blanchard, P (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM paul.blanchard@nist.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 20 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 EI 1361-6641 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 29 IS 5 AR 054005 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/29/5/054005 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA AH5KL UT WOS:000336167700008 ER PT J AU Li, SL Begelman, MC AF Li, Shuang-Liang Begelman, Mitchell C. TI THERMAL STABILITY OF A THIN DISK WITH MAGNETICALLY DRIVEN WINDS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); instabilities ID DOMINATED ACCRETION DISKS; BLACK-HOLE CANDIDATE; IGR J17091-3624; GALACTIC NUCLEI; BINARY-SYSTEMS; INSTABILITY; FLOWS; SIMULATIONS; MECHANISMS; VISCOSITY AB The absence of thermal instability in the high/soft state of black hole X-ray binaries, in disagreement with the standard thin disk theory, has been a long-standing riddle for theoretical astronomers. We have tried to resolve this question by studying the thermal stability of a thin disk with magnetically driven winds in the <(M) over dot>(crit)-Sigma plane. It is found that disk winds can greatly decrease the disk temperature and thus help the disk become more stable at a given accretion rate. The critical accretion rate, <(M) over dot>(crit), corresponding to the thermal instability threshold, is significantly increased in the presence of disk winds. For alpha = 0.01 and B-phi = 10B(p), the disk is quite stable even for a very weak initial poloidal magnetic field [beta(p,0) similar to 2000, beta(p) = (P-gas + P-rad)/(B-p(2)/8 pi)]. However, when beta(p) = B-p or B-phi = 0.1B(p), a somewhat stronger (but still weak) field (B-p,B-0 similar to 200 or B-p,B-0 similar to 20) is required to make the disk stable. Nevertheless, despite the great increase of <(M)over dot>(crit), the luminosity threshold, corresponding to instability, remains almost constant or decreases slowly with increasing <(M) over dot>(crit) due to decreased gas temperature. The advection and diffusion timescales of the large-scale magnetic field threading the disk are also investigated in this work. We find that the advection timescale can be smaller than the diffusion timescale in a disk with winds, because the disk winds take away most of the gravitational energy released in the disk, resulting in the decrease of the magnetic diffusivity. and the increase of the diffusion timescale. C1 [Li, Shuang-Liang] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Astron Observ, Key Lab Res Galaxies & Cosmol, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Li, Shuang-Liang; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, Shuang-Liang; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Li, SL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Astron Observ, Key Lab Res Galaxies & Cosmol, 80 Nandan Rd, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. EM lisl@shao.ac.cn; mitch@jila.colorado.edu FU NSFC [11233006, 11373056]; Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality [13ZR1447000] FX We thank the referee for a very thorough and helpful report. This work is supported by the NSFC (grants 11233006 and 11373056) and the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (13ZR1447000). NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2014 VL 786 IS 1 AR 6 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/786/1/6 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AH0LF UT WOS:000335810700006 ER PT J AU Piso, AMA Youdin, AN AF Piso, Ana-Maria A. Youdin, Andrew N. TI ON THE MINIMUM CORE MASS FOR GIANT PLANET FORMATION AT WIDE SEPARATIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planets and satellites: atmospheres; planets and satellites: formation; planets and satellites: gaseous planets ID GRAVITATIONAL-INSTABILITY; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; PROTOSTELLAR DISKS; GASEOUS ENVELOPE; GAS; ACCRETION; EVOLUTION; MODELS; GROWTH; ATMOSPHERES AB In the core accretion hypothesis, giant planets form by gas accretion onto solid protoplanetary cores. The minimum (or critical) core mass to form a gas giant is typically quoted as 10 M-circle plus. The actual value depends on several factors: the location in the protoplanetary disk, atmospheric opacity, and the accretion rate of solids. Motivated by ongoing direct imaging searches for giant planets, this study investigates core mass requirements in the outer disk. To determine the fastest allowed rates of gas accretion, we consider solid cores that no longer accrete planetesimals, as this would heat the gaseous envelope. Our spherical, two-layer atmospheric cooling model includes an inner convective region and an outer radiative zone that matches onto the disk. We determine the minimum core mass for a giant planet to form within a typical disk lifetime of 3 Myr. The minimum core mass declines with disk radius, from similar to 8.5M(circle plus) at 5 AU to similar to 3.5M(circle plus) at 100 AU, with standard interstellar grain opacities. Lower temperatures in the outer disk explain this trend, while variations in disk density are less influential. At all distances, a lower dust opacity or higher mean molecular weight reduces the critical core mass. Our non-self-gravitating, analytic cooling model reveals that self-gravity significantly affects early atmospheric evolution, starting when the atmosphere is only similar to 10% as massive as the core. C1 [Piso, Ana-Maria A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Youdin, Andrew N.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Youdin, Andrew N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Piso, AMA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Youdin, Andrew/0000-0002-3644-8726 FU NASA ATP; NASA OSS [NNX10AF35G]; NASA OPR grant at the CfA [NNX11AM37G]; NSF AST [1313021]; NASA OSS at JILA [NNX13AI58G] FX We thank the referee for a thorough report and Ruth Murray-Clay for detailed feedback and skillful proofreading. We appreciate valuable comments from Eugene Chiang and Scott Kenyon. A.N.Y. thanks Phil Armitage for stimulating conversations. A.N.Y. acknowledges support from the NASA ATP and OSS grant NNX10AF35G and the NASA OPR grant NNX11AM37G while at the CfA, and from the NSF AST grant 1313021 and the NASA OSS grant NNX13AI58G while at JILA. NR 52 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2014 VL 786 IS 1 AR 21 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/786/1/21 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AH0LF UT WOS:000335810700021 ER PT J AU Zrnic, DS Doviak, RJ Melnikov, VM Ivic, IR AF Zrnic, D. S. Doviak, R. J. Melnikov, V. M. Ivic, I. R. TI Signal Design to Suppress Coupling in the Polarimetric Phased Array Radar SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Radars/Radar observations ID WEATHER RADAR; BIAS AB Examined are two related modes of polarimetric signal transmission that reduce coupling between the orthogonal components of received signals. For the surveillance scan with large unambiguous range and the simultaneous mode of horizontal (H) and vertical (V) transmission, pulse-to-pulse coding is suggested. It relaxes conditions on cross-coupling isolation from about 45 to about 25 dB while preserving the unambiguous range of over 460 km. For application to systematic codes during Doppler data acquisition, time-multiplexed (back to back) H and V pulses are proposed. This approach also relaxes the cross-coupling isolation to about 25 dB. These theoretically predicted values agree with those obtained by emulating the two schemes using oversampled time series data. C1 [Zrnic, D. S.; Doviak, R. J.; Melnikov, V. M.; Ivic, I. R.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Melnikov, V. M.; Ivic, I. R.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Zrnic, DS (reprint author), NOAA, NSSL, 120 David Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM dusan.zrnic@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA110AR4320072] FX Allen Zahrai led the team of engineers who designed the processor and controls of the KOUN radar. Mike Schmidt and Richard Wahkinney made extensive modifications to the radar hardware. These contributions enabled the collection of oversampled time series data in dual-polarization mode. Dr. Sebastian Torres's comments improved comprehension of the manuscript. Mrs. M. Doviak provided editorial assistance. Funding for Drs. Melnikov and Ivi was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA110AR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1063 EP 1077 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00037.1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH1LF UT WOS:000335881600003 ER PT J AU Turner, DD Ferrare, RA Wulfmeyer, V Scarino, AJ AF Turner, D. D. Ferrare, R. A. Wulfmeyer, V. Scarino, A. J. TI Aircraft Evaluation of Ground-Based Raman Lidar Water Vapor Turbulence Profiles in Convective Mixed Layers SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Boundary layer; Mass fluxes/transport; Water vapor; Lidars/Lidar observations ID SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; AEROSOL EXTINCTION; DOPPLER LIDAR; VERTICAL VELOCITY; RADAR-RASS; WRF MODEL; CLOUDS; STATISTICS AB High temporal and vertical resolution water vapor measurements by Raman and differential absorption lidar systems have been used to characterize the turbulent fluctuations in the water vapor mixing ratio field in convective mixed layers. Since daytime Raman lidar measurements are inherently noisy (due to solar background and weak signal strengths), the analysis approach needs to quantify and remove the contribution of the instrument noise in order to derive the desired atmospheric water vapor mixing ratio variance and skewness profiles. This is done using the approach outlined by Lenschow et al.; however, an intercomparison with in situ observations was not performed. Water vapor measurements were made by a diode laser hygrometer flown on a Twin Otter aircraft during the Routine Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program Aerial Facility Clouds with Low Optical Water Depths Optical Radiative Observations (RACORO) field campaign over the ARM Southern Great Plains (SGP) site in 2009. Two days with Twin Otter flights were identified where the convective mixed layer was quasi stationary, and hence the 10-s, 75-m data from the SGP Raman lidar could be analyzed to provide profiles of water vapor mixing ratio variance and skewness. Airborne water vapor observations measured during level flight legs were compared to the Raman lidar data, demonstrating good agreement in both variance and skewness. The results also illustrate the challenges of comparing a point sensor making measurements over time to a moving platform making similar measurements horizontally. C1 [Turner, D. D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Ferrare, R. A.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Wulfmeyer, V.] Univ Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany. [Scarino, A. J.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Turner, DD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM dave.turner@noaa.gov FU NOAA's National Severe Storms Laboratory; Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research (ASR); NASA Science Mission Directorate; ASR program [DE-AI02-05ER63985]; DOE Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER); NASA CALIPSO project FX NOAA's National Severe Storms Laboratory and the Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program supported this work. We thank the Raman lidar mentor team of Chris Martin, John Goldsmith, and Rob Newsom for their efforts in maintaining the Raman lidar. We would also like to thank the entire RACORO team: Andy Vogelmann for his leadership before, during, and after the experiment; the RACORO scientific steering committee; Haf Jonsson for the analysis and processing of the Twin Otter flight data; Glen Diskin for the DLH processing; and the AAF for its coordination of the RACORO flight activities. The data used in this paper were collected as part of ARM, and are available via its online data archive (http://www.archive.arm.gov). HSRL operations were supported by the NASA Science Mission Directorate, the ASR program (Interagency Agreement DE-AI02-05ER63985), the DOE Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER), and the NASA CALIPSO project. The authors thank the NASA Langley King Air B-200 flight crew for its outstanding work supporting these flights and measurements. Finally, we thank Mike Coniglio, Andy Vogelmann, Glenn Diskin, and Haf Jonsson for providing comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript, and especially the two anonymous reviewers for their excellent input, which improved this manuscript. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1078 EP 1088 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00075.1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH1LF UT WOS:000335881600004 ER PT J AU Garcia, RF Meinen, CS AF Garcia, Rigoberto F. Meinen, Christopher S. TI Accuracy of Florida Current Volume Transport Measurements at 27 degrees N Using Multiple Observational Techniques SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Data quality control; Mass fluxes/transport; In situ oceanic observations; Boundary currents; Currents; Transport ID DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILERS; APRIL 1982; VARIABILITY; VELOCITY AB For more than 30 years, the volume transport of the Florida Current at 27 degrees N has been regularly estimated both via voltage measurements on a submarine cable and using ship-based measurements of horizontal velocity at nine historical stations across the Florida Straits. A comparison of three different observational systems is presented, including a detailed evaluation of observational accuracy and precision. The three systems examined are dropsonde (free-falling float), lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler (LADCP), and submarine cable. The accuracy of the Florida Current transport calculation from dropsonde sections, which can be determined from first principles with existing data, is shown to be 0.8 Sv (1 Sv equivalent to 10(6) m(3) s(-1)). Side-by-side comparisons between dropsonde and LADCP measurements are used to show that the LADCP-based transport estimates are accurate to within 1.3 Sv. Dropsonde data are often used to set the absolute mean cable transport estimate, so some care is required in establishing the absolute accuracy of the cable measurements. Used together, the dropsonde and LADCP sections can be used to evaluate the absolute accuracy and precision of the cable measurements. These comparisons suggest the daily cable observations are accurate to within 1.7 Sv, and analysis of the decorrelation time scales for the errors suggests that annual transport averages from the cable are accurate to within 0.3 Sv. The implications of these accuracy estimates for long-term observation of the Florida Current are discussed in the context of maintaining this key climate record. C1 [Garcia, Rigoberto F.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Garcia, Rigoberto F.; Meinen, Christopher S.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Garcia, RF (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM rigoberto.garcia@noaa.gov RI Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012 OI Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002 FU Western Boundary Time Series project - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Climate Program Office; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a cooperative institute of the University of Miami and NOAA [NA17RJ1226] FX The authors sincerely thank the personnel involved in running these programs and the research cruises that collected this data, especially Molly Baringer, Bob Molinari, Silvia Garzoli, David Bitterman, Ulises Rivero, Pedro Pena, Kyle Seaton, Andrew Stefanick, Doug Anderson, Robert Roddy, Ryan Smith, Nelson Melo, Grant Rawson, Madeline Adler, Craig Engler, Pedro DiNezio, Shaun Dolk, Benjamin Kates and the crews of the R/V F. G. Walton Smith and the numerous small charter vessels used. Ryan Smith, George Halliwell, and three anonymous reviewers kindly provided several helpful comments to improve an earlier version of this manuscript. The authors' work was supported by the Western Boundary Time Series project, which is funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Climate Program Office, with additional funding provided by the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. RFG's work on this study was also supported in part under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a cooperative institute of the University of Miami and NOAA, Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1226. The cable transport time series and the dropsonde and LADCP section transports presented in this paper are available online (www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/floridacurrent/). NR 35 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1169 EP 1180 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00148.1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH1LF UT WOS:000335881600010 ER PT J AU Schmid, K Hadley, B Waters, K AF Schmid, Keil Hadley, Brian Waters, Kirk TI Mapping and Portraying Inundation Uncertainty of Bathtub-Type Models SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Models; error; accuracy; sea-level rise; elevation; LIDAR; inundation ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; RESOLUTION AB Data errors are an unavoidable reality in maps of present conditions, but with the prevalence of ease-of-use formats and software these errors are becoming less evident. In earlier maps, the resolution or scale of the information and its presentation on a physical medium (e.g., contours) could inherently convey a level of vagueness that corresponded to the accuracy limitations. Maps of modeled output have additional accuracy considerations, especially if extrapolating future or potential events (e.g., 100-year storm). Sea-level rise (SLR) mapping falls into this category but is also highly dependent on present topographic conditions. SLR and other ecological models use continuous surfaces or digital surface models to generate derived information; however, presentation of the uncertainty information can be difficult or confusing. A technique that conveys uncertainty boundaries for a given confidence level was developed for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Services Center's SLR and inundation-visualization tool. The technique and definition of uncertainty levels described herein varies from other common methods, but the use of root-mean-square error (RMSE) to derive the assessment is similar. The technique uses the reported RMSE of both elevation and tidal surface and their relationship to a normal distribution. In this way, user-defined confidence levels can be used to map uncertainty both above and below the deterministic value produced in typical single-surface or bathtub models. The technique is used in this context for SLR and inundation mapping but also has applicability in mapping other phenomena. C1 [Schmid, Keil; Hadley, Brian] IM Syst Grp Inc, NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Charleston, SC 29464 USA. [Waters, Kirk] NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Charleston, SC 29464 USA. RP Schmid, K (reprint author), IM Syst Grp Inc, NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Charleston, SC 29464 USA. EM keil.schmid@noaa.gov FU NOAA Coastal Services Center FX The authors would like to thank the NOAA Coastal Services Center for its support of this work and Jerry Esch in particular for his edits. The authors also thank the technical reviewers of this manuscript, including Christopher Parrish for his timely insight into the nomenclature of uncertainty, of which we were not certain. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 30 IS 3 BP 548 EP 561 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-13-00118.1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA AH3EA UT WOS:000336005100012 ER PT J AU Galimany, E Rose, JM Alix, J Dixon, MS Wikfors, GH AF Galimany, Eve Rose, Julie M. Alix, Jennifer Dixon, Mark S. Wikfors, Gary H. TI Responses of the ribbed mussel, Geukensia demissa, to the harmful algae Aureococcus anophagefferens and Heterosigma akashiwo SO JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES LA English DT Article ID CLAM MERCENARIA-MERCENARIA; BROWN TIDE ALGA; MYTILUS-EDULIS; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; BIVALVE MOLLUSKS; FILTRATION-RATE; SALT-MARSH; LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS; PROROCENTRUM-MINIMUM; NARRAGANSETT-BAY AB The ribbed mussel (Geukensia demissa) is a keystone species in the salt marshes of the North American Atlantic coast. We investigated the clearance rates (CRs) and pathology of ribbed mussels exposed to cultures of two toxic algae, Aureococcus anophagefferens and Heterosigma akashiwo, for 5 d and contrasted the results with mussels fed the nontoxic alga Tetraselmis chui. We also conducted a separate, in vitro experiment in which we exposed extracted mussel haemocytes to the three different algae, their respective media and sea water, as a toxicity bioassay. Results show that mussels exposed to either of the toxic algae had significantly decreased CRs during the entire exposure period. Histopathology revealed thinner digestive tubules, gonad reabsorption and a decrease in gill ciliates in response to both toxic algal species. There was a significant increase in mortality of haemocytes exposed in vitro to both toxic algae compared with seawater controls. Results suggest that ribbed mussel feeding behaviour and physiology can be impacted in several ways by harmful algae, which could undermine their contribution to pelagic-benthic coupling processes. C1 [Galimany, Eve; Rose, Julie M.; Alix, Jennifer; Dixon, Mark S.; Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Wikfors, GH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM gary.wikfors@noaa.gov FU National Research Council FX This work was partially supported by a Research Associateship to the first author from the National Research Council. We would like to thank Dr Sunila from the Bureau of Aquaculture (Milford, CT) for her help when analysing histopathological samples. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 33 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0260-1230 EI 1464-3766 J9 J MOLLUS STUD JI J. Molluscan Stud. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 80 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1093/mollus/eyt055 PN 2 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AH1XO UT WOS:000335915300003 ER PT J AU Breitinger, F Baier, H White, D AF Breitinger, Frank Baier, Harald White, Douglas TI On the database lookup problem of approximate matching SO DIGITAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Digital forensics; Approximate matching; Bloom filter; sdhash; mrsh-v2; Indexing; Blacklisting AB Investigating seized devices within digital forensics gets more and more difficult due to the increasing amount of data. Hence, a common procedure uses automated file identification which reduces the amount of data an investigator has to look at by hand. Besides identifying exact duplicates, which is mostly solved using cryptographic hash functions, it is also helpful to detect similar data by applying approximate matching. Let x denote the number of digests in a database, then the lookup for a single similarity digest has the complexity of O(x). In other words, the digest has to be compared against all digests in the database. In contrast, cryptographic hash values are stored within binary trees or hash tables and hence the lookup complexity of a single digest is O(log(2)(x)) or O(1), respectively. In this paper we present and evaluate a concept to extend existing approximate matching algorithms, which reduces the lookup complexity from O(x) to O(1). Therefore, instead of using multiple small Bloom filters (which is the common procedure), we demonstrate that a single, huge Bloom filter has a far better performance. Our evaluation demonstrates that current approximate matching algorithms are too slow (e. g., over 21 min to compare 4457 digests of a common file corpus against each other) while the improved version solves this challenge within seconds. Studying the precision and recall rates shows that our approach works as reliably as the original implementations. We obtain this benefit by accuracy-the comparison is now a file-against-set comparison and thus it is not possible to see which file in the database is matched. (c) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of DFRWS. C1 [Breitinger, Frank; Baier, Harald] Hsch Darmstadt, Da Sec Biometr & Internet Secur Res Grp, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany. [Breitinger, Frank; White, Douglas] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Breitinger, F (reprint author), Hsch Darmstadt, Da Sec Biometr & Internet Secur Res Grp, Haardtring 100, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany. EM frank.breitinger@cased.de; harald.baier@h-da.de; douglas.white@nist.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-2876 EI 1873-202X J9 DIGIT INVEST JI Digit. Investig. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 11 SU 1 BP S1 EP S9 DI 10.1016/j.diin.2014.03.001 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA AG5DH UT WOS:000335438900001 ER PT J AU Gann, RG Hamins, A McAllister, TP McGrattan, KB Pitts, WM Prasad, KR AF Gann, Richard G. Hamins, Anthony McAllister, Therese P. McGrattan, Kevin B. Pitts, William M. Prasad, Kuldeep R. TI Response to Comments on the National Institute of Standards and Technology Investigation of the 2001 World Trade Center Fires SO JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID CENTER BUILDINGS 1 C1 [Gann, Richard G.; Hamins, Anthony; McAllister, Therese P.; McGrattan, Kevin B.; Pitts, William M.; Prasad, Kuldeep R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gann, RG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0734-9041 EI 1530-8049 J9 J FIRE SCI JI J. Fire Sci. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 32 IS 3 BP 287 EP 291 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AG6EP UT WOS:000335511800007 ER PT J AU Wu, QZ Mcfee, WE Goldstein, T Tiller, RV Schwacke, L AF Wu, Qingzhong McFee, Wayne E. Goldstein, Tracey Tiller, Rebekah V. Schwacke, Lori TI Real-time PCR assays for detection of Brucella spp. and the identification of genotype ST27 in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Bottlenose dolphins; IS711; Real-time PCR; Brucella spp.; Lung; Brain ID MARINE MAMMAL BRUCELLA; ZOONOTIC INFECTION; SOUTH-CAROLINA; PINNIPEDIALIS; IS711; STRAINS; TOOL; SEA AB Rapid detection of Brucella spp. in marine mammals is challenging. Microbiologic culture is used for definitive diagnosis of brucellosis, but is time consuming, has low sensitivity and can be hazardous to laboratory personnel. Serological methods can aid in diagnosis, but may not differentiate prior exposure versus current active infection and may cross-react with unrelated Gram-negative bacteria. This study reports a real-time PCR assay for the detection of Brucella spp. and application to screen clinical samples from bottlenose dolphins stranded along the coast of South Carolina, USA. The assay was found to be 100% sensitive for the Brucella strains tested, and the limit of detection was 0.27 fg of genomic DNA from Brucella ceti B1/94 per PCR volume. No amplification was detected for the non-Brucella pathogens tested. Brucella DNA was detected in 31% (55/178) of clinical samples tested. These studies indicate that the real-time PCR assay is highly sensitive and specific for the detection of Brucella spp. in bottlenose dolphins. We also developed a second real-time PCR assay for rapid identification of Brucella ST27, a genotype that is associated with human zoonotic infection. Positive results were obtained for Brucella strains which had been identified as ST27 by multilocus sequence typing. No amplification was found for other Brucella strains included in this study. ST27 was identified in 33% (18/54) of Brucella spp. DNApositive clinical samples. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of a real-time PCR assay for identification of Brucella genotype ST27 in marine mammals. (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, Qingzhong; Schwacke, Lori] Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, Hollings Marine Lab, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [McFee, Wayne E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Goldstein, Tracey] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Hlth Inst 1, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Tiller, Rebekah V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Zoonoses & Select Agent Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wu, QZ (reprint author), NOAA Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM qingzhongwu@yahoo.com FU NOAA's Oceans and Human Health Initiative; National Marine Fisheries Service Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program FX We would like to thank Brian Thompson, for providing non-Brucella bacteria. We would like to thank Christine Quance of the National Veterinary Services Laboratories in Ames, Iowa, USA for analyzing the samples with the culture methods. Funding for this research was provided by NOAA's Oceans and Human Health Initiative and the National Marine Fisheries Service Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program. This publication does not constitute an endorsement of any commercial product or intend to be an opinion beyond scientific or other results obtained by the NOM. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 EI 1872-8359 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD MAY PY 2014 VL 100 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.03.001 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA AG7XD UT WOS:000335631200016 PM 24632518 ER PT J AU Berg, RF AF Berg, Robert F. TI Hydrogen traps in the outgassing model of a stainless steel vacuum chamber SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-DESORPTION; SURFACE-REACTION; BAKE-OUT; DIFFUSION; PERMEATION; DEUTERIUM; METALS; IRON; RECOMBINATION; PARAMETERS AB This article describes a model for hydrogen outgassing into a stainless steel vacuum chamber. It accounts for the geometry of the chamber components, the hydrogen dissolved in those components, and the processes of diffusion, recombination, and trapping. Strongly bound or "trapped" hydrogen, which occurs at heterogeneities such as dislocations and grain boundaries, can hold most of the dissolved hydrogen even though those locations comprise fewer than 0.1% of all lattice sites. Four simplifications allowed practical use of the model: (1) Each component was described as a one-dimensional object. (2) The hydrogen initially dissolved in each component was described as a uniform concentration. (3) Accurate, consistent values were used to describe diffusion and recombination in stainless steel types 304 and 316 [Grant et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 149, 180 (1987); 152, 139 (1988)]. (4) Only one type of hydrogen trap was considered, and trapping was ignored in components made from vacuum remelted stainless steel. The simple model was developed and validated by comparing it to outgassing measurements. Traps were required to describe the outgassing from a component made of drawn stainless steel 304. The initial hydrogen concentration in that component was comparable to concentrations found elsewhere by thermal desorption and almost 100 times larger than in the components made of vacuum remelted 316 stainless steel. The model's usefulness was illustrated by using it to predict the outgassing of a vacuum chamber made of type 304 stainless steel. C1 NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20989 USA. RP Berg, RF (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20989 USA. EM robert.berg@nist.gov FU NIST Office of Microelectronic Programs FX The author thanks Walt Bowers and Jeff Kelley for constructing parts of the apparatus, and he is grateful for helpful discussions with Richard Ricker, Michal Fulem, Kvetoslav Ruzicka, Rai Weiss, Tom Lucatorto, Doug Olson, and Pat Abbott. This work was funded in part by the NIST Office of Microelectronic Programs. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 24 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 EI 1520-8559 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD MAY PY 2014 VL 32 IS 3 AR 031604 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA AH2QF UT WOS:000335965300034 ER PT J AU Sperling, BA Hoang, J Kimes, WA Maslar, JE Steffens, KL Nguyen, NV AF Sperling, Brent A. Hoang, John Kimes, William A. Maslar, James E. Steffens, Kristen L. Nguyen, Nhan V. TI Time-resolved surface infrared spectroscopy during atomic layer deposition of TiO2 using tetrakis(dimethylamido) titanium and water SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID REFLECTION ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; THIN-FILMS; IN-SITU; REACTION-MECHANISMS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SI(100) SURFACES; ADSORPTION; PRECURSORS; GROWTH; ANATASE AB Atomic layer deposition of titanium dioxide using tetrakis(dimethylamido) titanium (TDMAT) and water vapor is studied by reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) with a time resolution of 120 ms. At 190 degrees C and 240 degrees C, a decrease in the absorption from adsorbed TDMAT is observed without any evidence of an adsorbed product. Ex situ measurements indicate that this behavior is not associated with an increase in the impurity concentration or a dramatic change in the growth rate. A desorbing decomposition product is consistent with these observations. RAIRS also indicates that dehydroxylation of the growth surface occurs only among one type of surface hydroxyl groups. Molecular water is observed to remain on the surface and participates in reactions even at a relatively high temperature (110 degrees C) and with long purge times (30s). (C) 2014 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Sperling, Brent A.; Hoang, John; Kimes, William A.; Maslar, James E.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Steffens, Kristen L.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nguyen, Nhan V.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sperling, BA (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brent.sperling@nist.gov NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 31 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 EI 1520-8559 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD MAY PY 2014 VL 32 IS 3 AR 031513 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA AH2QF UT WOS:000335965300028 ER PT J AU Moura, AE van Rensburg, CJ Pilot, M Tehrani, A Best, PB Thornton, M Plon, S de Bruyn, PJN Worley, KC Gibbs, RA Dahlheim, ME Hoelzel, AR AF Moura, Andre E. van Rensburg, Charlene Janse Pilot, Malgorzata Tehrani, Arman Best, Peter B. Thornton, Meredith Ploen, Stephanie de Bruyn, P. J. Nico Worley, Kim C. Gibbs, Richard A. Dahlheim, Marilyn E. Hoelzel, Alan Rus TI Killer Whale Nuclear Genome and mtDNA Reveal Widespread Population Bottleneck during the Last Glacial Maximum SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE genomics; demographics; Cetacea; population bottleneck ID GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; TOP PREDATORS; ORCINUS-ORCA; PLEISTOCENE EXTINCTIONS; BIOMARKER RECORDS; UPWELLING SYSTEM; RELAXED CLOCKS; HABITAT SHIFTS; RHESUS MACAQUE AB Ecosystem function and resilience is determined by the interactions and independent contributions of individual species. Apex predators play a disproportionately determinant role through their influence and dependence on the dynamics of prey species. Their demographic fluctuations are thus likely to reflect changes in their respective ecological communities and habitat. Here, we investigate the historical population dynamics of the killer whale based on draft nuclear genome data for the Northern Hemisphere and mtDNA data worldwide. We infer a relatively stable population size throughout most of the Pleistocene, followed by an order of magnitude decline and bottleneck during the Weichselian glacial period. Global mtDNA data indicate that while most populations declined, at least one population retained diversity in a stable, productive ecosystem off southern Africa. We conclude that environmental changes during the last glacial period promoted the decline of a top ocean predator, that these events contributed to the pattern of diversity among extant populations, and that the relatively high diversity of a population currently in productive, stable habitat off South Africa suggests a role for ocean productivity in the widespread decline. C1 [Moura, Andre E.; van Rensburg, Charlene Janse; Pilot, Malgorzata; Hoelzel, Alan Rus] Univ Durham, Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, Durham, England. [van Rensburg, Charlene Janse; de Bruyn, P. J. Nico] Univ Pretoria, Mammal Res Inst, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Tehrani, Arman] Eurofins MWG Operon, Ebersberg, Germany. [Best, Peter B.; Thornton, Meredith] Univ Pretoria, Mammal Res Inst, Dept Zool & Entomol, Iziko South African Museum, Cape Town, South Africa. [Ploen, Stephanie] PE Museum Bayworld, South African Inst Aquat Biodivers SAIAB, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. [Worley, Kim C.; Gibbs, Richard A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Dahlheim, Marilyn E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hoelzel, AR (reprint author), Univ Durham, Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, Durham, England. EM a.r.hoelzel@dur.ac.uk RI de Bruyn, P. J. Nico/E-4176-2010; OI de Bruyn, P. J. Nico/0000-0002-9114-9569; Moura, Andre/0000-0003-2140-0196 FU Natural Environment Research Council UK [NE/014443/1]; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of health [U54 HG003273]; Danish Basic Research Foundation [DNF94] FX The authors thank Dan McLean, Anders Goncalves da Silva, Heng Li, Adam Auton, Judy Allen, James Scourse, Mark Chapman, Phil Stephens, Andreanna Welch, and Grant Bigg for helpful feedback and discussions. This work and costs associated with sequencing the North Pacific killer whale genome were supported by the Natural Environment Research Council UK grant NE/014443/1 to A. R. H. Work on South African samples was supported through the South African National Research Foundation's Thuthuka programme. The authors are grateful for pre-publication access to the sequence data from the Atlantic Killer Whale genome project, funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of health grant number U54 HG003273 to R. A. G. and Danish Basic Research Foundation grant DNF94 (to Tom Gilbert), for which the tissue sample was provided by Andrew Foote. NR 81 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 9 U2 80 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 EI 1537-1719 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1121 EP 1131 DI 10.1093/molbev/msu058 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA AH1XF UT WOS:000335914400006 PM 24497033 ER PT J AU Long, DA Fleisher, AJ Douglass, KO Maxwell, SE Bielska, K Hodges, JT Plusquellic, DF AF Long, D. A. Fleisher, A. J. Douglass, K. O. Maxwell, S. E. Bielska, K. Hodges, J. T. Plusquellic, D. F. TI Multiheterodyne spectroscopy with optical frequency combs generated from a continuous-wave laser SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulators were utilized to produce power-leveled optical frequency combs (OFCs) from a continuous-wave laser. The resulting OFCs contained up to 50 unique frequency components and spanned more than 200 GHz. Simple changes to the modulation frequency allowed for agile control of the comb spacing. These OFCs were then utilized for broadband, multiheterodyne measurements of CO2 using both a multipass cell and an optical cavity. This technique allows for robust measurements of trace gas species and alleviates much of the cost and complexity associated with the use of femtosecond OFCs produced with mode-locked pulsed lasers. C1 [Long, D. A.; Fleisher, A. J.; Bielska, K.; Hodges, J. T.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Douglass, K. O.; Maxwell, S. E.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bielska, K.] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Inst Phys, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Plusquellic, D. F.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Long, DA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.long@nist.gov; david.plusquellic@nist.gov RI Fleisher, Adam/A-4215-2012; Bielska, Katarzyna/G-4532-2014 OI Fleisher, Adam/0000-0001-9216-0607; FU NIST Innovation in Measurement Science; NIST Greenhouse Gas Measurements; Foundation for Polish Science TEAM Project; EU European Regional Development Fund FX Support was provided by an NIST Innovation in Measurement Science award and the NIST Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Climate Research Program. K. B. was partially supported by the Foundation for Polish Science TEAM Project co-financed by the EU European Regional Development Fund. NR 15 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 41 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 9 BP 2688 EP 2690 DI 10.1364/OL.39.002688 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA AG5YX UT WOS:000335496400041 PM 24784078 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, BE Pibida, L King, LE Bergeron, DE Cessna, JT Mille, MM AF Zimmerman, B. E. Pibida, L. King, L. E. Bergeron, D. E. Cessna, J. T. Mille, M. M. TI Development of a calibration methodology for large-volume, solid Ge-68 phantoms for traceable measurements in positron emission tomography SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Germanium-68; PET; Positron emission tomography; Standards; Traceability ID PET; QUANTIFICATION; VARIABILITY AB We have developed a methodology to calibrate the Ge-68 activity concentration in large (9 L) cylindrical epoxy phantoms in a way that is traceable to national standards. The method was tested on two prototype cylindrical phantoms that are being used in a clinical trial and gave 68Ge activity concentration values with combined standard uncertainties of about 1.1%. Imaging data from the phantoms using a calibrated PET-CT scanner gave values consistent with the calibrated activity concentrations within experimental uncertainties. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zimmerman, B. E.; Pibida, L.; King, L. E.; Bergeron, D. E.; Cessna, J. T.; Mille, M. M.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mille, M. M.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Nucl Engn & Engn Phys Program, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Zimmerman, BE (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.zimmerman@nist.gov RI Bergeron, Denis/I-4332-2013 OI Bergeron, Denis/0000-0003-1150-7950 FU DOE Office of Nuclear Energy's Nuclear Energy University Programs FX Mr. Mille was funded by a graduate fellowship from the DOE Office of Nuclear Energy's Nuclear Energy University Programs. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 87 SI SI BP 5 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.11.049 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AG2VA UT WOS:000335274000002 PM 24332342 ER PT J AU Judge, SM Arnold, D Chauvenet, B Colle, R De Felice, P Garcia-Torano, E Watjen, U AF Judge, S. M. Arnold, D. Chauvenet, B. Colle, R. De Felice, P. Garcia-Torano, E. Watjen, U. TI 100 Years of radionuclide metrology SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Brief history of radionuclide metrology; Driving forces of development; Radium standards; Curie; Becquerel; Impact AB The discipline of radionuclide metrology at national standards institutes started in 1913 with the certification by Curie, Rutherford and Meyer of the first primary standards of radium. In early years, radium was a valuable commodity and the aim of the standards was largely to facilitate trade. The focus later changed to providing standards for the new wide range of radionuclides, so that radioactivity could be used for healthcare and industrial applications while minimising the risk to patients, workers and the environment. National measurement institutes responded to the changing demands by developing new techniques for realising primary standards of radioactivity. Looking ahead, there are likely to be demands for standards for new radionuclides used in nuclear medicine, an expansion of the scope of the field into quantitative imaging to facilitate accurate patient dosimetry for nuclear medicine, and an increasing need for accurate standards for radioactive waste management and nuclear forensics. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Judge, S. M.] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Colle, R.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Chauvenet, B.] CEA, Lab Natl Henri Becquerel, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [De Felice, P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Arnold, D.] ENEA, Ist Nazl Metrol Radiaz Ionizzanti, CR Casaccia, I-00100 Rome, Italy. [Garcia-Torano, E.] CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Watjen, U.] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. RP Judge, SM (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. EM steven.judge@npl.co.uk OI Garcia-Torano, Eduardo/0000-0002-5930-475X NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 87 SI SI BP 27 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.11.121 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AG2VA UT WOS:000335274000007 PM 24398412 ER PT J AU Unterweger, MP Fitzgerald, R AF Unterweger, M. P. Fitzgerald, R. TI Update of NIST half-life results corrected for ionization chamber source-holder instability SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Half-life measurement; Ionization chamber; Calibrations AB As reported at the ICRM 2011, it was discovered that the source holder used for calibrations in the NIST 4 pi gamma ionization chamber (IC) was not stable. This has affected a large number of half-life measurement results previously reported and used in compilations of nuclear data. Corrections have been made on all of the half-life data based on the assumption that the changes to the ionization chamber response were gradual. The corrections are energy dependent and therefore radionuclide specific. This presentation will review our results and present the recommended changes in half-life values and/or uncertainties. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Unterweger, M. P.; Fitzgerald, R.] NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Unterweger, MP (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.unterweger@nist.gov RI Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016 NR 4 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 87 SI SI BP 92 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.11.017 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AG2VA UT WOS:000335274000021 PM 24321494 ER PT J AU Coursey, BM AF Coursey, Bert M. TI Opportunities for scientists to influence policy: When does radiation metrology matter in development of national policy? SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Concepts on policy advice; National policy; Radiation metrology; Support to decision making; Challenges for metrology AB Accurate measurements of radiation and radioactivity rarely rise to the level of national policy. The things that matter most to ordinary citizens do not normally include questions of science and technology. Citizens are more often concerned with issues close to home relating to commerce, health, safety, security and the environment. When questions of confidence in measurements arise, they are first directed to the ministry that has responsibilities in that area. When the required uncertainty in field measurements challenges the capability of the regulatory authorities, the National Metrology Institute may be asked to develop transfer standards to enhance the capabilities of the ministry with the mission lead. In this paper, we will consider eight instances over the past nine decades in which questions in radiation and radionuclide metrology in the US did rise to the level that they influenced decisions on national policy. These eight examples share some common threads. Radioactivity and ionizing radiation are useful tools in many disciplines, but can often represent potential or perceived threats to health and public safety. When unforeseen applications of radiation arise, or when environmental radioactivity from natural and man-made sources presents a possible health hazard, the radiation metrologists may be called upon to provide the technical underpinning for policy development. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIST, Stand Coordinat Off, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Coursey, BM (reprint author), NIST, Stand Coordinat Off, MS 2100, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bert.coursey@nist.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 87 SI SI BP 142 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.11.140 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AG2VA UT WOS:000335274000031 PM 24369891 ER PT J AU Laureano-Perez, L Fitzgerald, R Colle, R AF Laureano-Perez, Lizbeth Fitzgerald, R. Colle, R. TI Standardization of (NP)-N-237 SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Anticoincidence counting; Efficiency tracing; Liquid scintillation (LS); Neptunium-237; Radioactivity; SRM ID LIQUID SCINTILLATION SPECTROMETRY; NI-63; DETECTORS AB The standardization of Np-237 was investigated. The certified massic activity for 237Np was obtained by 414 liquid scintillation (LS) counting with correction for the Pa-233 daughter using the CIEMAT/NIST efficiency tracing method using a H-3 standard. Confirmatory measurements were also performed by high-resolution HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry, and by 4 pi alpha beta(LS)-gamma(NaI) anticoincidence counting. All results agree within the respective method's uncertainties. It was confirmed that the Np-237/Pa-233 radioactive equilibrium is disturbed when making dilutions and/or removing aliquots. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Laureano-Perez, Lizbeth; Fitzgerald, R.; Colle, R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Laureano-Perez, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lizbeth.laureano-perez@nist.gov RI Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 87 SI SI BP 269 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.11.074 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AG2VA UT WOS:000335274000059 PM 24378363 ER PT J AU Bergeron, DE Laureano-Perez, L AF Bergeron, Denis E. Laureano-Perez, Lizbeth TI Micelle size effect on Fe-55 liquid scintillation efficiency SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Reverse micelle; Liquid scintillation counting; Cocktail; Mn-54; H-3 ID ELECTRON-CAPTURE NUCLIDES; AQUEOUS REVERSE MICELLES; SOLVATION DYNAMICS; TRITON X-100; METAL-IONS; FLUORESCENCE; STANDARDIZATION; ENVIRONMENT; WATER; MODEL AB We used efficiency tracing techniques to study the micelle size effect on liquid scintillation counting of the electron capture nuclide, Fe-55. We determined micelle hydrodynamic diameters for specific LS cocktails via dynamic light scattering, and sought trends in efficiencies as a function of micelle size. The presence of Fe3+ or Mn2+ ions in the cocktails did not significantly affect micelle sizes or fluorescence quenching. We did not detect any reductions in counting efficiencies due to the micelle size effect. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bergeron, Denis E.; Laureano-Perez, Lizbeth] NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bergeron, DE (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bergeron@nist.gov RI Bergeron, Denis/I-4332-2013 OI Bergeron, Denis/0000-0003-1150-7950 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 87 SI SI BP 282 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.11.080 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AG2VA UT WOS:000335274000061 PM 24342560 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Xiong, XZ Tao, JH Yu, C Zou, MM Su, L Chen, LF AF Zhang, Ying Xiong, Xiaozhen Tao, Jinhua Yu, Chao Zou, Mingmin Su, Lin Chen, Liangfu TI Methane retrieval from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder using EOF-based regression algorithm and its validation SO CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE EOF; Methane; AIRS; Remote sensing; Regression ID UPPER TROPOSPHERIC METHANE; SOLAR FTIR SPECTROMETRY; SATELLITE; AIRCRAFT; EMISSIONS; IASI; SENSITIVITY; CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT; PRODUCTS AB This paper presents a rapid regression algorithm for the retrieval of methane (CH4) profile from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) based on empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) and its validation. This algorithm was trained using the simulated radiance from an assemble of atmospheric profiles and can be utilized to derive the CH4 profile rapidly with the input of the AIRS cloud-clear radiance. Validation using hundreds of aircraft profiles demonstrates that the root mean square error (RMSE) is about 1.5 % in the AIRS sensitive region of 359-596 hPa, which is smaller than AIRS-V5 product (except in high latitudes). Comparison with the ground-based solar Fourier transform spectrometry observations showed that the RMSE of the retrieved CH4 total column amount is less than 3 %. This EOF-based regression method can be easily applied to other thermal infrared sounders for deriving CH4 and some other gases, and the derived profiles can be used as the first guess for further physical retrieval. C1 [Zhang, Ying; Tao, Jinhua; Yu, Chao; Zou, Mingmin; Su, Lin; Chen, Liangfu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Xiong, Xiaozhen] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Chen, LF (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM lfchen@irsa.ac.cn RI Xiong, Xiaozhen/F-6591-2010 FU Strategic Priority Research Program-Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Relevant Issues of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA05090101]; Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Y1S02000CX] FX This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program-Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Relevant Issues of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA05090101) and the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y1S02000CX). The authors gratefully thank Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change to provide ground-based FTS measurements. The data of INTEX-A and B used in this publication were obtained from Aura Validation Data Center (AVDC) (http://avdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.php) and the aircraft measurements of INTEX-A were carried out by Donald R. Blake of Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine; and airborne CH4 data from INTEX-B and ARCTAS were provided by Glen Sachse and Glenn Diskin of NASA Langley. ARCTAS data were downloaded from(http://ftp-air.larc.nasa.gov/pub/ARCTAS/). The CH4 data of START08 aircraft measurements were carried out by Dale Hurst and Jim Elkins of NOAA/ESRL/GMD. The CH4 data of HIPPO aircraft measurements were carried out by S. C. Wofsy, HIPPO science team and cooperating modelers and satellite team. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 19 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-6538 EI 1861-9541 J9 CHINESE SCI BULL JI Chin. Sci. Bull. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 59 IS 14 BP 1508 EP 1518 DI 10.1007/s11434-014-0232-7 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AG4LS UT WOS:000335392000005 ER PT J AU De Robertis, A Taylor, K AF De Robertis, Alex Taylor, Kevin TI In situ target strength measurements of the scyphomedusa Chrysaora melanaster SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Chrysaora melanaster; Jellyfish; Target strength; Acoustic backscatter; Chukchi Sea ID MULTIPLE-FREQUENCY METHOD; EASTERN BERING-SEA; GELATINOUS ZOOPLANKTON; WALLEYE POLLOCK; AURELIA-AURITA; JELLYFISH; CALIFORNIA; BLOOMS; RISE; FISH AB Large medusae can dominate the pelagic biomass in marine environments, but their contribution to acoustic scattering remains poorly characterized. Here we report on in situ target strength (TS) measurements of Chrysaora melanaster, a dominant species of scyphomedusa in the North Pacific and Arctic, made with 38 and 120 kHz split-beam echosounders in the Chukchi Sea. The average TS of a similar to 25 cm bell diameter C melanaster is estimated to be -60.1 dB re 1 m(2) at 38 kHz and -60.5 dB re 1 m(2) at 120 kHz. There was no evident relationship between mean jellyfish size and TS, which is likely attributable to a combination of a small range in average jellyfish size at the sampling sites and geographic variability in TS corresponding to factors other than size and/or errors in determining the size of the jellyfish. The TS of C. melanaster is similar to that of a small swimbladdered fish, but on a mass-specific basis, the TS of these jellyfish is substantially lower. These measurements will aid in acoustic estimates of jellyfish abundance and in partitioning the relative contribution of jellyfish to acoustic backscatter in mixed species assemblages. (C) Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [De Robertis, Alex; Taylor, Kevin] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP De Robertis, A (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM alex.derobertis@noaa.gov FU Coastal Impact Assistance Program (CIAP); NOAA's Alaska Fisheries Science Center FX We thank Chris Wilson, Ed Farley, and scientific party of the 2012 Arctic EIS cruise as well as the crew of the F/V Bristol Explorer, without whom this work would have been impossible. The comments of Neal Williamson, Paul Walline, Chris Wilson, Jeff Napp, David Demer, Darin Jones, and two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. This work was supported by funds from the Coastal Impact Assistance Program (CIAP) and NOAA's Alaska Fisheries Science Center. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 153 BP 18 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2014.01.002 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AG0KR UT WOS:000335104900003 ER PT J AU Carruthers, TR Punt, AE Walters, CJ MacCall, A McAllister, MK Dick, EJ Cope, J AF Carruthers, Thomas R. Punt, Andre E. Walters, Carl J. MacCall, Alec McAllister, Murdoch K. Dick, Edward J. Cope, Jason TI Evaluating methods for setting catch limits in data-limited fisheries SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Data-limited; Data-poor; Management strategy evaluation; Catch limits; Simulation evaluation; Stock assessment ID NORTHERN PRAWN FISHERY; NATURAL MORTALITY; REFERENCE POINTS; MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES; HARVEST STRATEGY; STOCKS; MODEL; IMPLEMENTATION; UNCERTAINTY; TEMPERATURE AB The majority of global fish stocks lack adequate data to evaluate stock status using conventional stock assessment methods. This poses a challenge for the sustainable management of these stocks. Recent requirements to set scientifically based catch limits in several countries, and growing consumer demand for sustainably managed fish have spurred an emerging field of methods for estimating overfishing thresholds and setting catch limits for stocks with limited data. Using a management strategy evaluation framework we quantified the performance of a number of data-limited methods. For most life-histories, we found that methods that made use of only historical catches often performed worse than maintaining current fishing levels. Only those methods that dynamically accounted for changes in abundance and/or depletion performed well at low stock sizes. Stock assessments that make use of historical catch and effort data did not necessarily out-perform simpler data-limited methods that made use of fewer data. There is a high value of additional information regarding stock depletion, historical fishing effort and current abundance when only catch data are available. We discuss the implications of our results for other data-limited methods and identify future research priorities. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved. C1 [Carruthers, Thomas R.; Walters, Carl J.; McAllister, Murdoch K.] Univ British Columbia, AERL, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [MacCall, Alec; Dick, Edward J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Cope, Jason] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Carruthers, TR (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, AERL, Fisheries Ctr, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM t.carruthers@fisheries.ubc.ca OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NOAA [NA100AR4320148] FX TRC is grateful for the support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. AEP acknowledges support from NOAA Grant NA100AR4320148. This is JISAO contribution 2173. Many thanks to Chris Legault, Jim Berkson and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 49 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 9 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 153 BP 48 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.12.014 PG 21 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AG0KR UT WOS:000335104900007 ER PT J AU Barbeaux, SJ Horne, JK Ianelli, JN AF Barbeaux, Steven J. Horne, John K. Ianelli, James N. TI A novel approach for estimating location and scale specific fishing exploitation rates of eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fisheries acoustics; Local depletion; Spatial dependence; Steller sea lion; Walleye pollock ID HAKE MERLUCCIUS-PRODUCTUS; LION EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; FACTORY TRAWLERS; NORTH-SEA; FISHERY MANAGEMENT; IMPACTS; MODEL; CATCH; COD; STANDARDIZATION AB Acoustic data collected opportunistically from eastern Bering Sea (EBS) walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) fishing vessels were used within spatially explicit Leslie depletion models to estimate local exploitation rates. Although stock-wide EBS pollock fishery exploitation rates are generally at or below management objectives (similar to 6% for the winter fishery), there has been a concern that local fishing may impact forage opportunities needed for the recovery of the endangered Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus). This study used high-resolution fishery information which suggests that on scales from 100 km(2) to 2500 km(2) exploitation rates often exceed the area-wide rates. In 2002 through 2005, higher exploitation rates occurred within the area defined as Steller sea lion critical habitat. This study provides a highly resolved quantitative assessment of location-specific fishing impacts, and is an important step in determining a rational approach to monitoring and managing fishing activities while taking into account ecosystem concerns. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Barbeaux, Steven J.; Horne, John K.; Ianelli, James N.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Barbeaux, Steven J.; Horne, John K.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Barbeaux, SJ (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM steve.barbeaux@noaa.gov NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 153 BP 69 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2014.01.004 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AG0KR UT WOS:000335104900008 ER PT J AU Chamberlin, JW Quinn, TP AF Chamberlin, Joshua W. Quinn, Thomas P. TI Effects of natal origin on localized distributions of Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, in the marine waters of Puget Sound, Washington SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; Marine distribution; Migrations; Coded-wire tag; Puget Sound ID WIRE TAG RECOVERIES; OCEAN MIGRATION PATTERNS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ATLANTIC SALMON; NORTH-AMERICA; BALTIC SEA; HYPOXIA; COD; BEHAVIOR; RELEASE AB The inland marine waters of Puget Sound, Washington, and the Strait of Georgia and associated waters of British Columbia (the Salish Sea) have long been recognized as alternative rearing habitat to the continental shelf for Chinook and coho salmon. Recent analyses have indicated that these fish (termed residents) comprise a substantial fraction of the Chinook salmon populations originating from Puget Sound rivers. However, the extent to which these resident salmon remain within their natal region or move within Puget Sound has not been studied. Analysis of two decades of coded-wire tagging data revealed several clear patterns. First, the salmon showed spatial distributions that varied systematically with area of origin. In general, they were caught in the vicinity of their origin, indicating limited net movement during several years at large; however this pattern was not universal. Second, recovery distributions were highly influenced by marine age and showed region specific spatial patterns, with the largest differences between the youngest (marine age 1) and oldest (marine age 4) individuals. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chamberlin, Joshua W.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Quinn, Thomas P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Chamberlin, JW (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Joshua.chamberlin@noaa.gov FU NOAA-Fisheries; Washington State Recreation and Conservation Office; H. Mason Keeler Endowment at the University of Washington FX We thank NOAA-Fisheries, the Washington State Recreation and Conservation Office, and the H. Mason Keeler Endowment at the University of Washington for financial support, and Kurt Fresh, Anna Kagley, Jason Hall, Keith Denton, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions. We also thank Rich Zabel and Casimir Rice for help with data interpretation and analysis. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 153 BP 113 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2014.01.008 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AG0KR UT WOS:000335104900013 ER PT J AU Kilbourne, KH Alexander, MA Nye, JA AF Kilbourne, K. Halimeda Alexander, Michael A. Nye, Janet A. TI A low latitude paleoclimate perspective on Atlantic multidecadal variability SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Atlantic multidecadal variability; Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation; Paleoclimate; Caribbean; Sea ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; HURRICANE ACTIVITY; ICE-AGE; CORAL MONTASTRAEA; PUERTO-RICO; OSCILLATION; OCEAN AB Traces of environmental conditions found in natural archives can serve as proxies for direct climate measurements to extend our knowledge of past climate variability beyond the relatively short instrumental record. Such paleoclimate proxies have demonstrated significant multidecadal climate variability in the Atlantic sector since at least the mid-1700s. However, Atlantic multidecadal climate variability is primarily defined by fluctuations in sea surface temperature (SST) and the proxy evidence comes from a variety of sources, many of which are terrestrial and are not directly recording sea surface temperature. Further analysis into the causes and consequences of Atlantic multidecadal climate variability requires development of a spatial network of decadal resolution proxy SST records with both low and high latitude contributions. An initial attempt at a low latitude Atlantic SST reconstruction found only 4 sites with <= 5 year resolution data, demonstrating the paucity of appropriate data available. The 4-site average correlated significantly with instrumental average SST and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). The full record, 1360-2000 C.E., and a shortened version 1460-1850 C.E., had significant multidecadal variability centered at a 60-year period. Comparing our reconstruction with reconstructions of SST anomalies in the North Atlantic shows that there is no consensus yet on the history of Atlantic multidecadal variability. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kilbourne, K. Halimeda] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Alexander, Michael A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Nye, Janet A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11974 USA. RP Kilbourne, KH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, 146 Williams St, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. EM kilbourn@umces.edu RI Kilbourne, Kelly /D-6560-2012; Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI Kilbourne, Kelly /0000-0001-7864-8438; Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 NR 72 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 133 SI SI BP 4 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2013.09.004 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AG4ZG UT WOS:000335428300002 ER PT J AU Alexander, MA Kilbourne, KH Nye, JA AF Alexander, Michael A. Kilbourne, K. Halimeda Nye, Janet A. TI Climate variability during warm and cold phases of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) 1871-2008 SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Ocean-atmosphere system; Surface temperature; Sea level pressure; Atmospheric precipitations; Reanalysis ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; ICE COVER; OCEAN; 20TH-CENTURY; ANOMALIES; RAINFALL; MODEL; PERSPECTIVE AB An extended reanalysis, a combination of observations and model output, is used to examine the spatial patterns of physical variables associated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) from 1871 to 2008. The results are presented as anomalies during positive and negative phases of the AMO. As in previous studies, during positive (negative) AMO phases the sea surface temperature (SST) is anomalously warm (cold) over most of the North Atlantic, with the exception of the east coast of the United States. The atmospheric patterns, associated with the positive phase of the AMO, include anomalous low pressure over the Atlantic between 20 degrees S and 50 degrees N, cyclonic surface winds around the low, reduced wind speeds over the tropical Atlantic and enhanced precipitation in the eastern tropical Atlantic, with roughly opposite conditions during negative AMO phases. There are, however, substantial differences in the SST and the atmospheric anomalies between periods of the same phase, especially in the extratropics. Correlations between the AMO and air temperature anomalies are positive over much of the globe between 40 degrees S and 50 degrees N, with correlations exceeding 0.6 (similar to 95% significance level) over the Maritime Continent and northern rim of the Pacific Ocean. Most of the sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies beyond the Atlantic are not statistically significant. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Alexander, Michael A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kilbourne, K. Halimeda] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Nye, Janet A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Alexander, MA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, R PSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Michael.Alexander@noaa.gov RI Kilbourne, Kelly /D-6560-2012; Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI Kilbourne, Kelly /0000-0001-7864-8438; Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 FU University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science [4773] FX We thank Gil Compo for his assistance in obtaining and interpreting the 20th century reanalysis data. We also thank Clara Deser and Jamie Scott for their suggestions for improving the manuscript and the presentation of the figures. This is contribution No. 4773 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. NR 67 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 133 SI SI BP 14 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2013.07.017 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AG4ZG UT WOS:000335428300003 ER PT J AU Gnanadesikan, A Dunne, JP Msadek, R AF Gnanadesikan, Anand Dunne, John P. Msadek, Rym TI Connecting Atlantic temperature variability and biological cycling in two earth system models SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Atlantic meridional overturning; Primary productivity; Decadal variability; Earth system modeling ID OCEAN GENERAL-CIRCULATION; COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; PACIFIC COD LARVAE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; PART II; FORMULATION; OSCILLATIONS; TRANSPORT; RAINFALL AB Connections between the interdecalal variability in North Atlantic temperatures and biological cycling have been widely hypothesized. However, it is unclear whether such connections are due to small changes in basin-averaged temperatures indicated by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) Index, or whether both biological cycling and the AMO index are causally linked to changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). We examine interdecadal variability in the annual and month-by-month diatom biomass in two Earth System Models with the same formulations of atmospheric, land, sea ice and ocean biogeochemical dynamics but different formulations of ocean physics and thus different AMOC structures and variability. In the isopycnal-layered ESM2G, strong interdecadal changes in surface salinity associated with changes in AMOC produce spatially heterogeneous variability in convection, nutrient supply and thus diatom biomass. These changes also produce changes in ice cover, shortwave absorption and temperature and hence the AMO Index. Off West Greenland, these changes are consistent with observed changes in fisheries and support climate as a causal driver. In the level-coordinate ESM2M, nutrient supply is much higher and interdecadal changes in diatom biomass are much smaller in amplitude and not strongly linked to the AMO index. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gnanadesikan, Anand] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Dunne, John P.; Msadek, Rym] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Gnanadesikan, A (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 327 Olin Hall,3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM gnanades@jhu.edu; john.dunne@noaa.gov; rym.msadek@noaa.gov RI Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008; Dunne, John/F-8086-2012 OI Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116; Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489 FU DOE [DE-SC0007066] FX We thank Ron Stouffer, Marie-Aude Pradal, Bob Hallberg, Ken Drinkwater and an anonymous reviewer for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. AG received support for this work under DOE Grant DE-SC0007066. NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 133 SI SI BP 39 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2013.10.003 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AG4ZG UT WOS:000335428300005 ER PT J AU Friedland, KD Shank, BV Todd, CD McGinnity, P Nye, JA AF Friedland, Kevin D. Shank, Burton V. Todd, Christopher D. McGinnity, Philip Nye, Janet A. TI Differential response of continental stock complexes of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE AMO; Atlantic salmon; Climate; Sea surface temperature ID POST-SMOLT GROWTH; LONG-TERM CHANGES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICAN; MARINE FISHES; SUBPOLAR GYRE; CHANGING ENVIRONMENT; WATER TEMPERATURE; WILD POPULATIONS; SOUTHERN EDGE AB Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, in the North Atlantic are managed as a set of population complexes distributed in North America and Europe. In recent years, these complexes have experienced reduced marine survival and many populations within the complexes are at risk, especially those at the southern ends of the species amphi-Atlantic range. Atlantic salmon is an anadromous fish dividing its life history between residence in freshwater and the marine environment. The freshwater portion of the life history includes spawning and the rearing of juveniles where in-river production has tended to be relatively stable, whereas the first year at sea, termed the post-smolt year, is characterized by more variable rates of mortality. Although their habitats are widely separated geographically along the North Atlantic seaboards, strong recruitment coherence exists between North American and European stock complexes. This recruitment coherence is correlated with ocean temperature variation associated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) appears to be relatively unimportant as a driver of salmon abundance. The mechanism determining the link between AMO-related thermal variation and abundance appears to differ fundamentally for the two continental stock groupings. Whereas ocean climate variability during the first springtime months of juvenile salmon migration to sea appears to be important to the survival of North American stocks, summer climate variation appears to be central to adult recruitment variation for European stocks. This contrast in seasonal effects appears to be related to the varying roles of predation pressure and size-related mortality on the continental stock complexes. The anticipated warming due to global climate change will impose thermal conditions on salmon populations outside historical context and challenge the ability of many populations to persist. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Friedland, Kevin D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Shank, Burton V.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Todd, Christopher D.] Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [McGinnity, Philip] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Cork, Ireland. [Nye, Janet A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Friedland, KD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM kevin.friedland@noaa.gov RI McGinnity, Philip/P-6781-2015 OI McGinnity, Philip/0000-0001-5199-5632 FU Beaufort Marine Research Award in Fish Population Genetics; Irish Government under Sea Change Programme FX We thank H. Hatun for the provision of the Gyre Index data and comment on interpretation. P. McGinnity was supported by the Beaufort Marine Research Award in Fish Population Genetics funded by the Irish Government under the Sea Change Programme. NR 76 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 8 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 133 SI SI BP 77 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2013.03.003 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AG4ZG UT WOS:000335428300008 ER PT J AU Nye, JA Baker, MR Bell, R Kenny, A Kilbourne, KH Friedland, KD Martino, E Stachura, MM Van Houtan, KS Wood, R AF Nye, Janet A. Baker, Matthew R. Bell, Richard Kenny, Andrew Kilbourne, K. Halimeda Friedland, Kevin D. Martino, Edward Stachura, Megan M. Van Houtan, Kyle S. Wood, Robert TI Ecosystem effects of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Climate variability; Climate change; Ecosystem based management ID WESTERN ENGLISH-CHANNEL; LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; LONG-TERM SHIFTS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GULF-STREAM; ZOOPLANKTON PREY; FISH ASSEMBLAGE; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SUBPOLAR GYRE AB Multidecadal variability in the Atlantic Ocean and its importance to the Earth's climate system has been the subject of study in the physical oceanography field for decades. Only recently, however, has the importance of this variability, termed the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation or AMO, been recognized by ecologists as an important factor influencing ecosystem state. A growing body of literature suggests that AMO-related fluctuations are associated with shifts in ecological boundaries, primary productivity, and a number of ecologically and economically important coastal and marine populations across the Atlantic basin. Although the AMO is a basin-wide index of SST, the drivers of ecosystem change encompass more than temperature anomalies and the mode of action differs within each ecosystem. A common theme in assessing ecosystem change indicates that fluctuations in water masses and circulation patterns drive shifts in ecosystem states, but the magnitude and rate of change is dependent on the physical characteristics of the region. Because of the wide ranging geographic effects of the AMO, and considering its multidecadal nature, a more complete understanding of its causes and effects would allow scientists and managers to more effectively inform ecosystem-based management across the Atlantic Basin. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nye, Janet A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Baker, Matthew R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bell, Richard; Friedland, Kevin D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Kenny, Andrew] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England. [Kilbourne, K. Halimeda] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Martino, Edward; Wood, Robert] NOAA, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [Stachura, Megan M.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Nye, JA (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM janetnye@stonybrook.edu RI Kilbourne, Kelly /D-6560-2012; OI Kilbourne, Kelly /0000-0001-7864-8438; Stachura, Megan/0000-0002-5241-2846; Van Houtan, Kyle/0000-0001-5725-1773 FU Atlantic Ecology Division [AED-12-034]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science [4725] FX We thank the participants of the ICES AMO workshop (WKAMO) held in June 2011 for thoughtful discussion that contributed to this review. We especially thank M. Ting, A. Gnanadesikan, R. Rykaczewski and Young-Oh Kwon who contributed to making an earlier version of Fig. 2. We also thank M. Alexander, N. Shackell, and H. Walker for thoughtful reviews of this paper. This is contribution number AED-12-034 of the Atlantic Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Although the research described in this article has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to Agency review. Therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. This manuscript is contribution number 4725 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. NR 130 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 6 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 133 SI SI BP 103 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2013.02.006 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AG4ZG UT WOS:000335428300010 ER PT J AU Taylor, CL Patterson, KY Roseland, JM Wise, SA Merkel, JM Pehrsson, PR Yetley, EA AF Taylor, Christine L. Patterson, Kristine Y. Roseland, Janet M. Wise, Stephen A. Merkel, Joyce M. Pehrsson, Pamela R. Yetley, Elizabeth A. TI Including Food 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Intake Estimates May Reduce the Discrepancy between Dietary and Serum Measures of Vitamin D Status SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; MAJOR METABOLITES; D-3; FORTIFICATION; TRANSPORT; PRESSURE; ADULTS AB The discrepancy between the commonly used vitamin D status measures intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations has been perplexing. Sun exposure increases serum 25(OH)D concentrations and is often used as an explanation for the higher population-based serum concentrations in the face of apparently low vitamin D intake. However, sun exposure may not be the total explanation. 25(OH)D, a metabolite of vitamin D, is known to be present in animal-based foods. It has been measured and reported only sporadically and is not currently factored into U.S. estimates of vitamin D intake. Previously unavailable preliminary USDA data specifying the 25(OH)D content of a subset of foods allowed exploration of the potential change in the reported overall vitamin D content of foods when the presence of 25(OH)D was included. The issue of 25(OH)D potency was addressed, and available commodity intake estimates were used to outline trends in projected vitamin D intake when 25(OH)D in foods was taken into account. Given the data available, there were notable increases in the total vitamin D content of a number of animal-based foods when potency-adjusted 25(OH)D was included, and in turn there was a potentially meaningful increase (1.7-2.9 mu g or 15-30% of average requirement) in vitamin D intake estimates. The apparent increase could reduce discrepancies between intake estimates and serum 25(OH)D concentrations. The relevance to dietary interventions is discussed, and the need for continued exploration regarding 25(OH)D measurement is highlighted. C1 [Taylor, Christine L.; Merkel, Joyce M.; Yetley, Elizabeth A.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Patterson, Kristine Y.; Roseland, Janet M.; Pehrsson, Pamela R.] ARS, Nutr Data Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Wise, Stephen A.] NIST, Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Taylor, CL (reprint author), NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM TaylorCL3@od.nih.gov NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 144 IS 5 BP 654 EP 659 DI 10.3945/jn.113.189811 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA AF8MQ UT WOS:000334970700012 PM 24623845 ER PT J AU Leri, AC Ravel, B AF Leri, Alessandra C. Ravel, Bruce TI Sample thickness and quantitative concentration measurements in Br K-edge XANES spectroscopy of organic materials SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE XANES; concentration measurement; thickness effect; thickness correction; bromine ID RAY-FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; SELF-ABSORPTION; X-RAYS; RADIATION; ATHENA; SOFT AB While XANES spectroscopy is an established tool for quantitative information on chemical structure and speciation, elemental concentrations are generally quantified by other methods. The edge step in XANES spectra represents the absolute amount of the measured element in the sample, but matrix effects and sample thickness complicate the extraction of accurate concentrations from XANES measurements, particularly at hard X-ray energies where the X-ray beam penetrates deeply into the sample. The present study demonstrates a method of quantifying concentration with a detection limit approaching 1 mg kg(-1) using information routinely collected in the course of a hard X-ray XANES experiment. The XANES normalization procedure unambiguously separates the signal of the absorber from any source of background. The effects of sample thickness on edge steps at the bromine K-edge were assessed and an empirical correction factor for use with samples of variable mass developed. C1 [Leri, Alessandra C.] Marymount Manhattan Coll, Dept Nat Sci, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Ravel, Bruce] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Leri, AC (reprint author), Marymount Manhattan Coll, Dept Nat Sci, 221 E 71st St, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM aleri@mmm.edu; bravel@bnl.gov FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Marymount Manhattan College Distinguished Chair award FX Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. ACL is supported by the Marymount Manhattan College Distinguished Chair award. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0909-0495 EI 1600-5775 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 21 BP 623 EP 626 DI 10.1107/S1600577514001283 PN 3 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA AG0YX UT WOS:000335142900021 PM 24763653 ER PT J AU Patel, VM Chen, YC Chellappa, R Phillips, PJ AF Patel, Vishal M. Chen, Yi-Chen Chellappa, Rama Phillips, P. Jonathon TI Dictionaries for image and video-based face recognition [Invited] SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Review ID SPARSE REPRESENTATION; GRAND CHALLENGE; K-SVD; EIGENFACES; PURSUIT; DESIGN AB In recent years, sparse representation and dictionary-learning-based methods have emerged as powerful tools for efficiently processing data in nontraditional ways. A particular area of promise for these theories is face recognition. In this paper, we review the role of sparse representation and dictionary learning for efficient face identification and verification. Recent face recognition algorithms from still images, videos, and ambiguously labeled imagery are reviewed. In particular, discriminative dictionary learning algorithms as well as methods based on weakly supervised learning and domain adaptation are summarized. Some of the compelling challenges and issues that confront research in face recognition using sparse representations and dictionary learning are outlined. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Patel, Vishal M.; Chen, Yi-Chen; Chellappa, Rama] Univ Maryland, UMIACS, Ctr Automat Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Phillips, P. Jonathon] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Patel, VM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, UMIACS, Ctr Automat Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM pvishalm@umiacs.umd.edu FU ONR MURI [N00014-08-1-0238]; ARO MURI [W911NF-09-1-0383]; ONR [N00014-12-1-0124]; Federal Bureau of Investigation FX This paper was partially supported by an ONR MURI grant N00014-08-1-0238 and an ARO MURI grant W911NF-09-1-0383. The work of VMP was partially supported by an ONR grant N00014-12-1-0124. PJP was supported by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by NIST or the University of Maryland. We would like to acknowledge the contributions made by Drs. Wu Tao, Hien Van Nguyen, Sima Taheri, Soma Biswas, Mr. Ashish Shrivastava, and Mr. Sumit Shekhar for developing the dictionary-based methods discussed in this paper. NR 59 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 29 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 EI 1520-8532 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1090 EP 1103 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.31.001090 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA AG5YG UT WOS:000335494500022 PM 24979642 ER PT J AU Constantine, R Steel, D Allen, J Anderson, M Andrews, O Baker, C Beeman, P Burns, D Charrassin, JB Childerhouse, S Double, M Ensor, P Franklin, T Franklin, W Gales, N Garrigue, C Gibbs, N Harrison, P Hauser, N Hutsel, A Jenner, C Jenner, MN Kaufman, G Macie, A Mattila, D Olavarria, C Oosterman, A Paton, D Poole, M Robbins, J Schmitt, N Stevick, P Tagarino, A Thompson, K Ward, J AF Constantine, Rochelle Steel, Debbie Allen, Judy Anderson, Megan Andrews, Olive Baker, C. Scott Beeman, Peta Burns, Daniel Charrassin, Jean-BenoIt Childerhouse, Simon Double, Michael Ensor, Paul Franklin, Trish Franklin, Wally Gales, Nick Garrigue, Claire Gibbs, Nadine Harrison, Peter Hauser, Nan Hutsel, Amanda Jenner, Curt Jenner, Micheline-Nicole Kaufman, Greg Macie, Anne Mattila, David Olavarria, Carlos Oosterman, Adrian Paton, David Poole, Michael Robbins, Jooke Schmitt, Natalie Stevick, Peter Tagarino, Alden Thompson, Kirsten Ward, Juney TI Remote Antarctic feeding ground important for east Australian humpback whales SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; BALEEN WHALES; SEA; OCEAN; ABUNDANCE; WATERS; PHOTOIDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; MOVEMENTS AB Understanding the dynamics of population recovery is particularly complex when an organism has multiple, remote breeding and feeding grounds separated by one of the longest known migration routes. This study reports on the most comprehensive assessment of humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) movements between remote Antarctic waters south of New Zealand and east Australia (EA), and the migratory corridors and breeding grounds of Australia and Oceania. A total of 112 individual whales were identified; 57 from microsatellites and 61 by fluke with 23 % (n = 26) matched to sites outside Antarctica. Despite large datasets from other southern regions being included in the comparison, the whales were predominantly linked to EA (n = 24). Only two matches to the Oceania catalogues directly north was surprising; therefore the primary feeding grounds of these endangered whales still remain unknown. The confirmation of the Balleny Islands as an important feeding ground for EA whales could provide an insight into reasons behind the rapid recovery of this population. Determining the feeding grounds of Oceania's whales may explain whether prey energetics or migration length are limiting factors to their recovery and will allow an understanding of future ecosystem changes in these whales. C1 [Constantine, Rochelle; Baker, C. Scott; Thompson, Kirsten] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Steel, Debbie; Baker, C. Scott] Oregon State Univ, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Allen, Judy; Stevick, Peter] Antarctic Humpback Whale Catalogue, Coll Atlantic, Bar Harbor, ME USA. [Anderson, Megan; Beeman, Peta; Burns, Daniel; Franklin, Trish; Franklin, Wally; Harrison, Peter] So Cross Univ, Whale Res Ctr, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia. [Andrews, Olive] Whales Alive, Byron Bay, NSW 2481, Australia. [Burns, Daniel; Childerhouse, Simon; Paton, David] Blue Planet Marine, Jamison Ctr, Canberra, ACT 2614, Australia. [Charrassin, Jean-BenoIt] Auat Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Milieux & Peuplement, F-75231 Paris, France. [Childerhouse, Simon; Double, Michael; Gales, Nick; Schmitt, Natalie] Australian Marine Mammal Ctr, Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. [Ensor, Paul] Governors Bay, Lyttelton 8971, New Zealand. [Franklin, Trish; Franklin, Wally] Oceania Project, Byron Bay, NSW, Australia. [Garrigue, Claire] Operat Cetaces, Noumea 98802, New Caledonia. [Gibbs, Nadine] Dept Conservat, Wellington, New Zealand. [Hauser, Nan] Cook Isl Whale Res, Avarua, Rarotonga, Cook Islands. [Hutsel, Amanda; Kaufman, Greg; Macie, Anne] Pacific Whale Fdn, Wailuku, HI 96793 USA. [Jenner, Curt; Jenner, Micheline-Nicole] Ctr Whale Res Western Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia. [Mattila, David] Hawaiian Isl Humpback Whale Natl Marine Sanctuary, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. [Olavarria, Carlos] Fdn CEQUA, Punta Arenas 061, Chile. [Oosterman, Adrian] Norfolk Isl Whale Survey, Scarborough, Qld, Australia. [Poole, Michael] Marine Mammal Res Program, Maharepa 98728, Moorea, Fr Polynesia. [Robbins, Jooke] Provincetown Ctr Coastal Studies, Provincetown, MA 02657 USA. [Tagarino, Alden] Dept Marine & Wildlife Resources, Pago Pago 96799, Western Samoa. [Ward, Juney] Govt Samoa, Minist Nat Resources & Environm, Apia, Western Samoa. RP Constantine, R (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. EM r.constantine@auckland.ac.nz RI Thompson, Kirsten/H-6811-2014; Garrigue, Claire/I-4704-2016; OI Thompson, Kirsten/0000-0003-4277-3549; Garrigue, Claire/0000-0002-8117-3370; Harrison, Peter/0000-0002-4048-2409; Constantine, Rochelle/0000-0003-3260-539X; Robbins, Jooke/0000-0002-6382-722X FU Australian Government; New Zealand Government; French Government; IPEV FX The Australian and New Zealand Governments funded the AWE with the Australian Antarctic Division and National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research providing excellent logistical support. CETA is funded by the French Government and IPEV. Thank you to the numerous funding agencies and contributors supporting the datasets that allowed this collaboration. Also, thanks to the reviewers who provided helpful comments that improved this paper. Data were collected in accordance with animal ethics and permit requirements. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 55 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 161 IS 5 BP 1087 EP 1093 DI 10.1007/s00227-014-2401-2 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AF7ZW UT WOS:000334935500011 ER PT J AU Lee, O Andrews, RD Burkanov, VN Davis, RW AF Lee, Olivia Andrews, Russel D. Burkanov, Vladimir N. Davis, Randall W. TI Ontogeny of early diving and foraging behavior of northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) pups from Bering Island, Russia SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; STOMACH TEMPERATURE TELEMETRY; SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEAL; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; PREY CONSUMPTION; PHOCA-VITULINA; PINNIPEDS; SEABIRDS; GROWTH; CAPABILITIES AB The ontogeny of diving and foraging behavior of northern fur seal pups from a stable population on Bering Island, Russia, was recorded with animal-borne instruments during their first few months at sea, a critical period during their first year at sea. Thirty-five pups were instrumented with satellite-linked time-depth recorders and stomach temperature pills. Diving occurred predominantly at night with deeper and longer dives as the pups matured. Mean dive depths were correlated with lunar illumination, whereas mean dive durations were also correlated with time of day and sex. Foraging success did not differ between sexes, and there was no relationship between meal size (as indicated by feeding event duration and minimum stomach temperature) and lunar illumination fraction or maximum foraging depth. Although most pups were able to successfully forage within 3 days of starting their migration, the number of feeding events recorded each day remained low (mean 1.6 events day(-1)). There was no indication of an appreciable increase in meal size after the first 2 weeks of the migration despite an increase in dive frequency and depth. The results are consistent with observations that pups do not gain mass during their first year and emphasize the risk of starvation from infrequent foraging in cold water. C1 [Lee, Olivia; Davis, Randall W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, OCSB, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Lee, Olivia; Davis, Randall W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, OCSB, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Andrews, Russel D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Andrews, Russel D.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Burkanov, Vladimir N.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Burkanov, Vladimir N.] RAS, Pacific Inst Geog, Kamchatka Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Russia. RP Lee, O (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM olivia@gi.alaska.edu FU North Pacific Research Board; Texas AM University FX We thank Iain Staniland, Vladimir Vertyankin, Valentina Burkanov and Frances Gelwick. This research was funded by the North Pacific Research Board with additional support from Texas A&M University. The research was permitted by the Russian Federal Veterinary and Agricultural Control Service (Rosselkhoznadzor, Kamchatka and Koryakia regions, Permit No. 1194) and was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Alaska Sea Life Center and met the requirements of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Texas A&M University. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 161 IS 5 BP 1165 EP 1178 DI 10.1007/s00227-014-2408-8 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AF7ZW UT WOS:000334935500018 ER PT J AU Wei, KY Martin, J Nolas, GS AF Wei, Kaya Martin, Joshua Nolas, George S. TI Synthesis, SPS processing and low temperature transport properties of polycrystalline FeSb2 with nano-scale grains SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Thermoelectrics; Nanocrystalline materials; Electrical properties ID THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS AB FeSb2 nanocrystals were synthesized by employing an ethanol-mediated surfactant-free solvothermal approach and subsequently densified to form dense polycrystalline Pnnm FeSb2 with nano-grains employing spark plasma sintering (SPS). Structural and low temperature transport properties of nanostructured polycrystalline FeSb2 were investigated and compared with that of bulk FeSb2. The nanostructured FeSb2 had a much lower thermal conductivity, particularly below 150 K, compared to bulk FeSb2 with resistivity values that were comparable to that of the bulk at these temperatures. This resulted in enhanced thermoelectric properties at cryogenic temperatures as compared to that of the bulk. The ability to form nanostructured polycrystalline materials by SPS processing of solution-phase synthesized nanocrystals, together with the resulting enhanced thermoelectric properties, represent proof of concept for this approach for low-temperature thermoelectrics applications. (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wei, Kaya; Nolas, George S.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Martin, Joshua] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nolas, GS (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM gnolas@usf.edu FU crystal growth, powder XRD and characterization, transport measurements, and data analysis; U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DE-FG02-04ER46145] FX We acknowledge support by the II-VI Foundation Block-Gift Program for the crystal growth, powder XRD and characterization, transport measurements, and data analysis. The authors also acknowledge the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, under Award no. DE-FG02-04ER46145 for SPS processing. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X EI 1873-4979 J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2014 VL 122 BP 289 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2014.02.054 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA AG0ML UT WOS:000335109500075 ER PT J AU Kiladis, GN Dias, J Straub, KH Wheeler, MC Tulich, SN Kikuchi, K Weickmann, KM Ventrice, MJ AF Kiladis, George N. Dias, Juliana Straub, Katherine H. Wheeler, Matthew C. Tulich, Stefan N. Kikuchi, Kazuyoshi Weickmann, Klaus M. Ventrice, Michael J. TI A Comparison of OLR and Circulation-Based Indices for Tracking the MJO SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Madden-Julian oscillation; Convection; Intraseasonal variability; Filtering techniques; Empirical orthogonal functions; Tropics ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; SUMMER INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL ROSSBY WAVES; TROPICAL CONVECTION; NUMBER-FREQUENCY; NORTHERN WINTER; BOREAL WINTER; KELVIN WAVES; ERA-INTERIM; INITIATION AB Two univariate indices of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) based on outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) are developed to track the convective component of the MJO while taking into account the seasonal cycle. These are compared with the all-season Real-time Multivariate MJO (RMM) index of Wheeler and Hendon derived from a multivariate EOF of circulation and OLR. The gross features of the OLR and circulation of composite MJOs are similar regardless of the index, although RMM is characterized by stronger circulation. Diversity in the amplitude and phase of individual MJO events between the indices is much more evident; this is demonstrated using examples from the Dynamics of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) field campaign and the Year of Tropical Convection (YOTC) virtual campaign. The use of different indices can lead to quite disparate conclusions concerning MJO timing and strength, and even as to whether or not an MJO has occurred. A disadvantage of using daily OLR as an EOF basis is that it is a much noisier field than the large-scale circulation, and filtering is necessary to obtain stable results through the annual cycle. While a drawback of filtering is that it cannot be done in real time, a reasonable approximation to the original fully filtered index can be obtained by following an endpoint smoothing method. When the convective signal is of primary interest, the authors advocate the use of satellite-based metrics for retrospective analysis of the MJO for individual cases, as well as for the analysis of model skill in initiating and evolving the MJO. C1 [Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dias, Juliana; Tulich, Stefan N.; Weickmann, Klaus M.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dias, Juliana; Tulich, Stefan N.; Weickmann, Klaus M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Straub, Katherine H.] Susquehanna Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Selinsgrove, PA USA. [Wheeler, Matthew C.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Kikuchi, Kazuyoshi] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Ventrice, Michael J.] Weather Serv Int, Andover, MA USA. RP Kiladis, GN (reprint author), NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM george.kiladis@noaa.gov RI Kikuchi, Kazuyoshi/C-2744-2009 OI Kikuchi, Kazuyoshi/0000-0002-6200-0968 FU NOAA's Climate Program Office [NA13OAR4310165] FX ERA-Interim data were provided by NCAR. Comments by Kathy Pegion, Pedro Silva Dias, Harry Hendon, and Joseph Biello greatly helped to improve the presentation. The OMI and FMO indices, along with their real-time counterparts and the spatial EOFs, can be obtained online at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/mjo/mjoindex/. This work has been supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office under Grant NA13OAR4310165. The Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research is a partnership between the Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO. NR 62 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 38 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 142 IS 5 BP 1697 EP 1715 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00301.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AG0OS UT WOS:000335115400001 ER PT J AU Zhou, LM Tian, YH Myneni, RB Ciais, P Saatchi, S Liu, YY Piao, SL Chen, HS Vermote, EF Song, CH Hwang, TH AF Zhou, Liming Tian, Yuhong Myneni, Ranga B. Ciais, Philippe Saatchi, Sassan Liu, Yi Y. Piao, Shilong Chen, Haishan Vermote, Eric F. Song, Conghe Hwang, Taehee TI Widespread decline of Congo rainforest greenness in the past decade SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION INDEXES; MICROWAVE EMISSION; TROPICAL FORESTS; DRY SEASON; MODIS; DROUGHT; CLIMATE; AMAZON; RETRIEVALS; PRODUCTS AB Tropical forests are global epicentres of biodiversity and important modulators of climate change(1), and are mainly constrained by rainfall patterns(1-3). The severe short-term droughts that occurred recently in Amazonia have drawn attention to the vulnerability of tropical forests to climatic disturbances(4-9). The central African rainforests, the second-largest on Earth, have experienced a long-term drying trend(10,11) whose impacts on vegetation dynamics remain mostly unknown because in situ observations are very limited. The Congolese forest, with its drier conditions and higher percentage of semi-evergreen trees(12,13), may be more tolerant to short-term rainfall reduction than are wetter tropical forests(11), but for a long-term drought there may be critical thresholds of water availability below which higher-biomass, closed-canopy forests transition to more open, lower-biomass forests(1,2,14). Here we present observational evidence for a widespread decline in forest greenness over the past decade based on analyses of satellite data (optical, thermal, microwave and gravity) from several independent sensors over the Congo basin. This decline in vegetation greenness, particularly in the northern Congolese forest, is generally consistent with decreases in rainfall, terrestrial water storage, water content in aboveground woody and leaf biomass, and the canopy backscatter anomaly caused by changes in structure and moisture in upper forest layers. It is also consistent with increases in photosynthetically active radiation and land surface temperature. These multiple lines of evidence indicate that this large-scale vegetation browning, or loss of photosynthetic capacity, may be partially attributable to the long-term drying trend. Our results suggest that a continued gradual decline of photosynthetic capacity and moisture content driven by the persistent drying trend could alter the composition and structure of the Congolese forest to favour the spread of drought-tolerant species(1,2,14). C1 [Zhou, Liming] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Tian, Yuhong] NOAA, IMSG, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res,STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Myneni, Ranga B.] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Ciais, Philippe] UVSQ, CEA, CNRS, LSCE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Saatchi, Sassan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Liu, Yi Y.] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Liu, Yi Y.] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Piao, Shilong] Peking Univ, Dept Ecol, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Chen, Haishan] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Vermote, Eric F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Song, Conghe] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 29599 USA. [Song, Conghe] Anhui Agr Univ, Sch Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Hefei 230036, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Hwang, Taehee] Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, Chapel Hill, NC 29599 USA. RP Zhou, LM (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM lzhou@albany.edu RI Myneni, Ranga/F-5129-2012; Young, Kristina/M-3069-2014; Liu, Yi/H-9226-2013; Song, Conghe/E-3087-2016; Liu, Yi/M-7169-2015; Zhou, Liming/A-2688-2012; OI Song, Conghe/0000-0002-4099-4906; Liu, Yi/0000-0001-9059-8269; Chen, Haishan/0000-0002-2403-3187 FU NOAA NESDIS [NA11NES4400010]; University at Albany, State University of New York; NASA's Earth Science Division; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41230422] FX This study was supported by the NOAA NESDIS project (NA11NES4400010) and by the startup funds provided by the University at Albany, State University of New York. R. B. M. was funded by NASA's Earth Science Division. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or US Government position, policy, or decision. H. C. is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 41230422). NR 51 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 17 U2 249 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 1 PY 2014 VL 509 IS 7498 BP 86 EP + DI 10.1038/nature13265 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AG1TM UT WOS:000335199100044 PM 24759324 ER PT J AU Feng, P Miao, CW Bullard, JW AF Feng, Pan Miao, Changwen Bullard, Jeffrey W. TI A model of phase stability, microstructure and properties during leaching of portland cement binders SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE Cement paste; Microstructure; Leaching; Computer modeling; Elastic modulus; Diffusivity ID CALCIUM HYDROXIDE; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; PASTE; HYDRATION; PERCOLATION; CONCRETE; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS; MORTAR AB A new model of 3D cement paste microstructure development is described and used to simulate the influence of leaching on hydrated cement pastes. In contrast to recent leaching models that have used empirical rules for phase dissolution, this model uses continual thermodynamic speciation and phase stability calculations to guide the microstructural changes that happen throughout hydration and subsequent exposure to low-pH solutions. This novel aspect of the model enables it to predict not only the well-known phase instability of calcium hydroxide at the onset of leaching, but also the detailed compositional and volumetric changes of C-S-H gel and other calcium, aluminate, and sulfate phases. Besides tracking the compositional and microstructural changes, we use the evolving microstructure as input to calculate changes in the relative diffusivity and effective Young's modulus of the binder using established finite difference and finite element models. The results are broadly consistent with previous experimental and modeling investigations of leaching. In particular, the leaching process can be roughly divided into initial, intermediate, and final stages, each of which has distinct degradation characteristics and consequences for mechanical and transport properties. The thermodynamic basis of the model makes it readily extensible to simulate a wide range of cementitious materials and degradation phenomena, so we discuss its potential as a virtual microprobe for use with continuum-scale service life models of concrete elements. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Feng, Pan; Bullard, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Feng, Pan; Miao, Changwen] Southeast Univ, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Miao, Changwen] Jiangsu Res Inst Bldg Sci Co Ltd, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Bullard, JW (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.bullard@nist.gov FU China Scholarship Council (CSC) FX The China Scholarship Council (CSC) provided financial support for PF. The authors are grateful to Ed Garboczi, Dale Bentz, and Barbara Lothenbach for insightful comments during the preparation of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-9465 EI 1873-393X J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP JI Cem. Concr. Compos. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 49 BP 9 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.01.006 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA AF8PY UT WOS:000334979300002 ER PT J AU Quinn, GD Giuseppetti, AA Hoffman, KH AF Quinn, G. D. Giuseppetti, A. A. Hoffman, K. H. TI Chipping fracture resistance of denture tooth materials SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Denture teeth; PMMA; Hybrid composite; Edge chipping; Edge toughness; Edge strength ID RESIN-COMPOSITE; EDGE-STRENGTH AB Objective. The applicability of the edge chipping method to denture tooth materials was assessed. These are softer materials than those usually tested by edge chipping. The edge chipping fracture resistances of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) based and two filled resin composite denture tooth materials were compared. Methods. An edge chipping machine was used to chip rectangular blocks and flattened anterior denture teeth. Force versus edge distance data were collected over a broad range of forces and distances. Between 20 and 65 chips were made per condition depending upon the material, the scatter, and the indenter type. Different indenter types were used including Rockwell C, sharp conical 120 degrees, Knoop, and Vickers. The edge toughness, Te, was evaluated for different indenter types. Results. The edge chipping data collected on the blocks matched the data collected from flattened teeth. High scatter, particularly at large distances and loads, meant that many tests (up to 64) were necessary to compare the denture tooth materials and to ascertain the appropriate data trends. A linear force-distance trend analysis was adequate for comparing these materials. A power law trend might be more appropriate, but the large scatter obscured the definitive determination of the precise trend. Different indenters produce different linear trends, with the ranking of: sharp conical 120 degrees, Rockwell C, and Knoop, from lowest to highest edge toughness. Vickers indenter data were extremely scattered and a sensible trend could not be obtained. Edge toughness was inversely correlated to hardness. Significance. Edge chipping data collected either from simple laboratory scale test blocks or from actual denture teeth may be used to evaluate denture materials. The edge chipping method's applicability has been extended to another class of restorative materials. (C) 2014 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Quinn, G. D.; Giuseppetti, A. A.; Hoffman, K. H.] NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Quinn, GD (reprint author), NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Stop 854-6, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.quinn@nist.gov FU NIH [R01-DE17983] FX This work was made possible by a grant from NIH, R01-DE17983, and the people and facilities at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the ADAF Paffenbarger Research Center. The authors wish to thank Ivoclar, Schaan, Liechtenstein and Amherst, New York, USA for donating the materials for this study. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 EI 1879-0097 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 30 IS 5 BP 545 EP 553 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2014.02.011 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA AF3BA UT WOS:000334585200012 PM 24674342 ER PT J AU Meyer, DL Posey, MH AF Meyer, David L. Posey, Martin H. TI Influence of Salt Marsh Size and Landscape Setting on Salt Marsh Nekton Populations SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Salt marsh; Lagodon; Fundulus; Predation; Recruitment; Size; Landscape ID MUMMICHOG FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; NORTH-CAROLINA; NEW-JERSEY; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; SEAGRASS BEDS; SHALLOW-WATER; MARINE FISHES; LIFE-HISTORY; FOOD-HABITS AB Recruitment- and predation-related effects on populations of salt marsh codominants mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) and pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides), were examined based on marsh size and landscape setting. Six island marshes-three small island marshes (SIM) similar to 40-1,000 m(2) and three large island marshes (LIM) similar to 3,000-10,000 m(2)-were paired with six expansive fringing marshes (EFM), each > 76,000 m(2) in size and located within similar to 1.0 km of a paired SIM or LIM. Over a 2-year period, triannual collections at these sites assessed F. heteroclitus, L. rhomboides, and predator finfish populations as well as habitat characteristics. No significant population density trends were apparent for L. rhomboides young-of-year (YOY) or year-one-and-older (Y1+) cohorts based on marsh size or were any significant differences in density apparent among marsh types. F. heteroclitus YOY and Y1+ densities differed significantly among marsh types demonstrating a positive relationship between density and marsh size. Larval and juvenile F. heteroclitus abundances were significantly lower within SIM than LIM and EFM. Although larval F. heteroclitus abundances between LIM and EFM did not differ significantly, juvenile abundances did, suggesting mortality constrained LIM juvenile abundances. A significant negative relationship of F. heteroclitus to predator finfish density and a significant negative relationship of predator finfish density to low marsh area/perimeter (access restriction) estimates suggest that predation on F. heteroclitus is greater within SIM and LIM than within EFM. Habitat and landscape level attributes can affect resident nekton population regulation and these effects should be considered relative to the life history traits of targeted species when managing coastal resources. C1 [Meyer, David L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Posey, Martin H.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. RP Meyer, DL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM dave.meyer@noaa.gov FU NOAA/NMFS Restoration Center; NOAA Beaufort Laboratory FX This work was accomplished by the selfless dedication of many individuals. Thank you for advice and consultations to C. Hackney, T. Lankford, L. Leonard, F. Scharf, and G. Thayer. Thank you to the individuals who provided much appreciated help including T. Alphin, R. Cheshire, J. M. Johnson, M. LaCroix, A. Powell, B. Teer, S. Viehman, and L. Wood. Thank you for manuscript reviews by M. Burton, A. Hohn, J. M. Johnson, G. T. Kellison, and P. Marraro and two anonymous reviewers, which significantly improved this manuscript. Thank you to the NOAA/NMFS Restoration Center (especially C. Doley, P. Gayaldo and R. Bellmer) and the NOAA Beaufort Laboratory (especially M. Fonseca) for grant and project support. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAY PY 2014 VL 37 IS 3 BP 548 EP 560 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9707-z PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AF0SM UT WOS:000334424300002 ER PT J AU Drexler, ES Slifka, AJ Amaro, RL Barbosa, N Lauria, DS Hayden, LE Stalheim, DG AF Drexler, E. S. Slifka, A. J. Amaro, R. L. Barbosa, N. Lauria, D. S. Hayden, L. E. Stalheim, D. G. TI Fatigue crack growth rates of API X70 pipeline steel in a pressurized hydrogen gas environment SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE X70 steel; hydrogen environment assisted cracking; pipeline steel; fatigue crack growth rate; fatigue; hydrogen-induced cracking ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; GASEOUS-HYDROGEN; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EMBRITTLEMENT; TEMPERATURE AB Hydrogen is known to have a deleterious effect on most engineering alloys. It has been shown repeatedly that the strength of steels is inversely related to the ductility of the material in hydrogen gas. However, the fatigue properties with respect to strength are not as well documented or understood. Here, we present the results of tests of the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) on API X70 from two sources. The two materials were tested in air, 5.5 and 34 MPa pressurized hydrogen gas, and at both 1 and 0.1 Hz. At these hydrogen pressures, the FCGR increases above that of air for all values of the stress intensity factor range (Delta K) greater than ~7 MPa center dot m(1/2). The effect of hydrogen is particularly sensitive at values of Delta K below ~15 MPa center dot m(1/2). That is, for values of Delta K between 7 and 15 MPa center dot m(1/2), the FCGR rapidly increases from approximately that found in air to as much as two orders of magnitude above that in air. Above 15 MPa center dot m(1/2), the FCGR remains approximately one to two orders of magnitude higher than that of air. C1 [Drexler, E. S.; Slifka, A. J.; Amaro, R. L.; Barbosa, N.; Lauria, D. S.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hayden, L. E.] Louis E Hayden Associates, Bethlehem, PA USA. [Stalheim, D. G.] DGS Met Solut Inc, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Drexler, ES (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM elizabeth.drexler@nist.gov FU [DTPH56-09-T-000005] FX The authors thank David McColskey, Derek Greer, April Stevenson, Peter Keefe and Terran Fox for their contributions to this work. We also thank the U.S. Department of Transportation and James Merritt of that organization for supporting this work through contract number DTPH56-09-T-000005. We also thank the members of the ASME B31.12 subcommittee for providing their expertise during the course of this contract. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 8756-758X EI 1460-2695 J9 FATIGUE FRACT ENG M JI Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 37 IS 5 BP 517 EP 525 DI 10.1111/ffe.12133 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AE9HP UT WOS:000334317800005 ER PT J AU Kristiansen, T Stock, C Drinkwater, KF Curchitser, EN AF Kristiansen, Trond Stock, Charles Drinkwater, Kenneth F. Curchitser, Enrique N. TI Mechanistic insights into the effects of climate change on larval cod SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phytoplankton production; earth system modeling; mechanistic modeling; fish; zooplankton; recruitment; individual-based modeling; cod; Gadus morhua; climate change ID GADUS-MORHUA; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; GEORGES BANK; COPEPOD POPULATIONS; BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY; HABITAT SELECTION; PREY SELECTION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CLASS STRENGTH AB Understanding the biophysical mechanisms that shape variability in fisheries recruitment is critical for estimating the effects of climate change on fisheries. In this study, we used an Earth System Model (ESM) and a mechanistic individual-based model (IBM) for larval fish to analyze how climate change may impact the growth and survival of larval cod in the North Atlantic. We focused our analysis on five regions that span the current geographical range of cod and are known to contain important spawning populations. Under the SRES A2 (high emissions) scenario, the ESM-projected surface ocean temperatures are expected to increase by >1 degrees C for 3 of the 5 regions, and stratification is expected to increase at all sites between 1950-1999 and 2050-2099. This enhanced stratification is projected to decrease large (>5 mu m ESD) phytoplankton productivity and mesozooplankton biomass at all 5 sites. Higher temperatures are projected to increase larval metabolic costs, which combined with decreased food resources will reduce larval weight, increase the probability of larvae dying from starvation and increase larval exposure to visual and invertebrate predators at most sites. If current concentrations of piscivore and invertebrate predators are maintained, larval survival is projected to decrease at all five sites by 2050-2099. In contrast to past observed responses to climate variability in which warm anomalies led to better recruitment in cold-water stocks, our simulations indicated that reduced prey availability under climate change may cause a reduction in larval survival despite higher temperatures in these regions. In the lower prey environment projected under climate change, higher metabolic costs due to higher temperatures outweigh the advantages of higher growth potential, leading to negative effects on northern cod stocks. Our results provide an important first large-scale assessment of the impacts of climate change on larval cod in the North Atlantic. C1 [Kristiansen, Trond; Drinkwater, Kenneth F.] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Stock, Charles] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Curchitser, Enrique N.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Kristiansen, T (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM trond.kristiansen@imr.no OI Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013 FU Norwegian Research Council project MEECE [122105]; Norwegian Research Council project MENU II [190286]; Norwegian Research Council project ARCWARM [178239]; MENU II project FX T. K. was financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council projects MEECE (#122105), MENU II (#190286), and ARCWARM (#178239). K. D. was supported by the MENU II project. We thank John Dunne and Jasmin John from NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory for providing the Earth System Model simulation used for this study. T. K. would like to thank Elizabeth R. Selig for invaluable help and support in finishing this study. We also thank Todd D. O'Brien at NOAA Fisheries for providing us with zooplankton observations from the COPE-POD database (http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/plankton/). NR 92 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1559 EP 1584 DI 10.1111/gcb.12489 PG 26 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AE9WB UT WOS:000334361000017 PM 24343971 ER PT J AU Sahin, D Radulovic, V Lindstrom, RM Trkov, A AF Sahin, Dagistan Radulovic, Vladimir Lindstrom, Richard M. Trkov, Andrej TI Reevaluation of neutron flux characterization parameters for NIST RT-2 facility SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Neutron activation analysis (NAA); k(0) method; Neutron flux characterization; Neutron temperature; Westcott formalism ID ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS; NUCLEAR-DATA AB It has been difficult to characterize the thermal to epithermal neutron flux ratio (f) and the measure of the nonideal epithermal neutron flux distribution (alpha) for the RT-2 pneumatic rabbit facility at the NIST National Bureau of Standards Reactor (NBSR). In a previous paper, only cadmium-covered irradiations yielded physically reasonable parameters. New measurements were performed using chromium, manganese, cobalt, zinc, zirconium, molybdenum, antimony, gadolinium, lutetium, and gold. The neutron temperature (T (n) ) in RT-2 measured using bare lutetium and gold foils gave unphysical values. The bare foil methods for measuring f and alpha gave inconsistent results. The underlying reasons are demonstrated via MCNP simulation results for cumulative reaction rates of selected isotopes. To determine expected intervals for f, alpha and T, parametric methods were explored. Measured reaction rate probability per target atom (R (p) ) values for the listed elements were fitted to a modified Westcott curve using an iterative least-squares method to verify consistency of measurements and nuclear data. An advanced parametric approach using a detailed MCNP model of the NBSR was used to calculate neutron flux characterization parameters. C1 [Sahin, Dagistan; Lindstrom, Richard M.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Radulovic, Vladimir] Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Trkov, Andrej] IAEA, Dept Nucl Sci & Applicat, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. RP Sahin, D (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dagistan.sahin@nist.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 300 IS 2 BP 499 EP 506 DI 10.1007/s10967-014-3076-3 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AF1WX UT WOS:000334505700008 ER PT J AU Lindstrom, RM AF Lindstrom, Richard M. TI The half-life of Pd-111m SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Half-life; Least squares; Neutron activation analysis; Palladium; Pd-111m ID ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS; LIVES AB As a contribution toward improving the accuracy of neutron activation analysis, the half-life of Pd-111m was measured by gamma-ray spectrometry. The uncertainty of this parameter is greater than desired for accurate work, largely because Pd-111m represents a small part of the total activity of palladium exposed to neutrons. In this work, several irradiated samples of pure palladium were counted continually with high-resolution Ge gamma detectors through about ten half-lives. The 172 keV photopeak was integrated with a region-of-interest procedure, and each datum corrected for rate-related losses before fitting to an exponential function by a nonlinear least-squares procedure. The half-life found is 5.580 +/- A 0.032 h, where the uncertainty is an estimate of the 95 % confidence level, a substantial improvement over published values. C1 NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lindstrom, RM (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM richard.lindstrom@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 300 IS 2 BP 605 EP 607 DI 10.1007/s10967-013-2889-9 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AF1WX UT WOS:000334505700023 ER PT J AU Long, DA Fleisher, AJ Wojtewicz, S Hodges, JT AF Long, D. A. Fleisher, A. J. Wojtewicz, S. Hodges, J. T. TI Quantum-noise-limited cavity ring-down spectroscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE MOLECULES; SPECTROMETER; SENSITIVITY; ABSORPTION AB We demonstrate a heterodyne-detected cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) method that allows for a noise-equivalent absorption coefficient of 6 x 10(-14) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2), the lowest which has been reported in a CRDS measurement. It is shown that heterodyne-detected CRDS also reaches the quantum noise limit at reasonable optical powers. In addition to offering ultra-high sensitivity, this technique provides high frequency agility over a range of 2 THz in the near-infrared, which allows entire absorption bands to be recorded in minutes. As a demonstration experiment, high resolution spectra of a near-infrared carbon dioxide band have been recorded. C1 [Long, D. A.; Fleisher, A. J.; Wojtewicz, S.; Hodges, J. T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wojtewicz, S.] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Inst Phys, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. RP Long, DA (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.long@nist.gov RI Fleisher, Adam/A-4215-2012; Wojtewicz, Szymon/A-5425-2015 OI Fleisher, Adam/0000-0001-9216-0607; FU NIST Innovation in Measurement Science award; NIST Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Climate Research Program; Foundation for Polish Science TEAM Project; EU European Regional Development Fund FX Support was provided by an NIST Innovation in Measurement Science award and the NIST Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Climate Research Program. S. W. was partially supported by the Foundation for Polish Science TEAM Project co-financed by the EU European Regional Development Fund. We also thank H. Otten and J. Dement for loaning us the arbitrary waveform generator and offering assistance in generating the required waveforms. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 EI 1432-0649 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 115 IS 2 BP 149 EP 153 DI 10.1007/s00340-014-5808-z PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA AF1SN UT WOS:000334493900001 ER PT J AU Bricker, SB Mackenzie, FT Baron, JS Price, JR AF Bricker, Suzanne B. Mackenzie, Fred T. Baron, Jill S. Price, Jason R. TI Preface to Owen P. Bricker III Special Issue of Aquatic Geochemistry Understanding Thermodynamic Relationships and Geochemical Mass Balances from Catchment to Coast: A Tribute to the Life and Career of Owen P. Bricker III SO AQUATIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Thermodynamic relationships; Geochemical mass balances; Owen P. Bricker III AB This special volume of aquatic geochemistry is dedicated to the memory of Owen Peterson Bricker III (1936-2011) and serves as a tribute to his life and career. Owen had a distinguished and productive research career in both academics at Johns Hopkins University (Fig. 1) and as a public servant with the Maryland Geological Survey, the US Environmental Protection Agency, and the US Geological Survey. He was a pioneer and leader in aqueous geochemistry, who applied a study approach that quantified mineral weathering reactions and equilibrium thermodynamic relations to better understand the chemical evolution of stream water in small watersheds. He will be especially remembered for his efforts to establish rigorous field studies in small catchments around the United States as a means of quantifying the sources of acid-neutralizing capacity that affect the chemical status and biological health of natural waters. C1 [Bricker, Suzanne B.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Mackenzie, Fred T.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Baron, Jill S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Baron, Jill S.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Price, Jason R.] Millersville Univ Pennsylvania, Millersville, PA 17551 USA. RP Bricker, SB (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Suzanne.Bricker@noaa.gov; fredm@soest.hawaii.edu; jill_baron@usgs.gov; Jason.Price@millersville.edu RI Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016 OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1380-6165 EI 1573-1421 J9 AQUAT GEOCHEM JI Aquat. Geochem. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 20 IS 2-3 BP 81 EP 86 DI 10.1007/s10498-014-9229-8 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AE6SG UT WOS:000334124200001 ER PT J AU Bricker, SB Rice, KC Bricker, OP AF Bricker, Suzanne B. Rice, Karen C. Bricker, Owen P., III TI From Headwaters to Coast: Influence of Human Activities on Water Quality of the Potomac River Estuary SO AQUATIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Nutrients; Eutrophication; Nitrogen load; Headwater streams; Shellfish aquaculture; Nutrient bioextraction ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE; HISTORICAL-PERSPECTIVE; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; EUTROPHICATION; NITROGEN; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; SYSTEMS; USA AB The natural aging process of Chesapeake Bay and its tributary estuaries has been accelerated by human activities around the shoreline and within the watershed, increasing sediment and nutrient loads delivered to the bay. Riverine nutrients cause algal growth in the bay leading to reductions in light penetration with consequent declines in sea grass growth, smothering of bottom-dwelling organisms, and decreases in bottom-water dissolved oxygen as algal blooms decay. Historically, bay waters were filtered by oysters, but declines in oyster populations from overfishing and disease have led to higher concentrations of fine-sediment particles and phytoplankton in the water column. Assessments of water and biological resource quality in Chesapeake Bay and tributaries, such as the Potomac River, show a continual degraded state. In this paper, we pay tribute to Owen Bricker's comprehensive, holistic scientific perspective using an approach that examines the connection between watershed and estuary. We evaluated nitrogen inputs from Potomac River headwaters, nutrient-related conditions within the estuary, and considered the use of shellfish aquaculture as an in-the-water nutrient management measure. Data from headwaters, nontidal, and estuarine portions of the Potomac River watershed and estuary were analyzed to examine the contribution from different parts of the watershed to total nitrogen loads to the estuary. An eutrophication model was applied to these data to evaluate eutrophication status and changes since the early 1990s and for comparison to regional and national conditions. A farm-scale aquaculture model was applied and results scaled to the estuary to determine the potential for shellfish (oyster) aquaculture to mediate eutrophication impacts. Results showed that (1) the contribution to nitrogen loads from headwater streams is small (about 2 %) of total inputs to the Potomac River Estuary; (2) eutrophic conditions in the Potomac River Estuary have improved in the upper estuary since the early 1990s, but have worsened in the lower estuary. The overall system-wide eutrophication impact is high, despite a decrease in nitrogen loads from the upper basin and declining surface water nitrate nitrogen concentrations over that period; (3) eutrophic conditions in the Potomac River Estuary are representative of Chesapeake Bay region and other US estuaries; moderate to high levels of nutrient-related degradation occur in about 65 % of US estuaries, particularly river-dominated low-flow systems such as the Potomac River Estuary; and (4) shellfish (oyster) aquaculture could remove eutrophication impacts directly from the estuary through harvest but should be considered a complement-not a substitute-for land-based measures. The total nitrogen load could be removed if 40 % of the Potomac River Estuary bottom was in shellfish cultivation; a combination of aquaculture and restoration of oyster reefs may provide larger benefits. C1 [Bricker, Suzanne B.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Rice, Karen C.] US Geol Survey, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Rice, Karen C.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Bricker, Owen P., III] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Bricker, SB (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Suzanne.Bricker@noaa.gov RI Rice, Karen/A-8945-2013; OI Rice, Karen/0000-0002-9356-5443 NR 97 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 85 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1380-6165 EI 1573-1421 J9 AQUAT GEOCHEM JI Aquat. Geochem. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 20 IS 2-3 BP 291 EP 323 DI 10.1007/s10498-014-9226-y PG 33 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AE6SG UT WOS:000334124200011 ER PT J AU Volk, CJ Lucero, Y Barnas, K AF Volk, Carol J. Lucero, Yasmin Barnas, Katie TI Why is Data Sharing in Collaborative Natural Resource Efforts so Hard and What can We Do to Improve it? SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Natural resource management; Metadata; Data sharing; Data flow diagrams; Distributed teams; Data transfer ID ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH; INFORMATION AGE; DATA-MANAGEMENT; SCIENCE; BIOINFORMATICS; DATABASES; LESSONS AB Increasingly, research and management in natural resource science rely on very large datasets compiled from multiple sources. While it is generally good to have more data, utilizing large, complex datasets has introduced challenges in data sharing, especially for collaborating researchers in disparate locations ("distributed research teams"). We surveyed natural resource scientists about common data-sharing problems. The major issues identified by our survey respondents (n = 118) when providing data were lack of clarity in the data request (including format of data requested). When receiving data, survey respondents reported various insufficiencies in documentation describing the data (e.g., no data collection description/no protocol, data aggregated, or summarized without explanation). Since metadata, or "information about the data," is a central obstacle in efficient data handling, we suggest documenting metadata through data dictionaries, protocols, read-me files, explicit null value documentation, and process metadata as essential to any large-scale research program. We advocate for all researchers, but especially those involved in distributed teams to alleviate these problems with the use of several readily available communication strategies including the use of organizational charts to define roles, data flow diagrams to outline procedures and timelines, and data update cycles to guide data-handling expectations. In particular, we argue that distributed research teams magnify data-sharing challenges making data management training even more crucial for natural resource scientists. If natural resource scientists fail to overcome communication and metadata documentation issues, then negative data-sharing experiences will likely continue to undermine the success of many large-scale collaborative projects. C1 [Volk, Carol J.] South Fork Res Inc, North Bend, WA 98045 USA. [Lucero, Yasmin] Signal Noise Consulting, Santa Monica, CA 90405 USA. [Barnas, Katie] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Volk, CJ (reprint author), South Fork Res Inc, 44842 SE 145th St, North Bend, WA 98045 USA. EM carol@southforkresearch.org; yasmin.lucero@gmail.com; katie.barnas@noaa.gov FU Integrated Status and Effectiveness Monitoring Program; Bonneville Power Administration [2003-017-00]; National Research Council; Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NOAA-Fisheries) FX This work was supported by the Integrated Status and Effectiveness Monitoring Program (funded by Bonneville Power Administration (2003-017-00), the National Research Council and the Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NOAA-Fisheries). Chris Jordan, Steve Rentmeester, and Andy Albaugh provided valuable insight and experiences in the development of this manuscript. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 53 IS 5 BP 883 EP 893 DI 10.1007/s00267-014-0258-2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AE7KM UT WOS:000334176700001 PM 24604667 ER PT J AU Mashriqui, HS Halgren, JS Reed, SM AF Mashriqui, H. S. Halgren, J. S. Reed, S. M. TI 1D River Hydraulic Model for Operational Flood Forecasting in the Tidal Potomac: Evaluation for Freshwater, Tidal, and Wind-Driven Events SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Flood forecasting; River-estuary transition zone; Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC); SOBEK; Hydraulic modeling; Tidal river; Hydraulic Engineering Center River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is working toward improving water forecasts in the river-estuary transition zone. One operationally viable method is to extend one-dimensional (1D) hydraulic models downstream well into the tidal estuarine environment. Recent advances in NOAA's National Weather Service (NWS) operational software infrastructure have made this method easier to implement. This paper evaluates the strengths and limitations of an unsteady implementation for the tidal Potomac River. The model was calibrated and validated to propagate tidal signals upstream for a wide range of freshwater events. Focusing on water-level gauges near Washington, DC, root-mean-squared error for tide simulation at the Washington Waterfront gauge was 0.05m (0.16ft) with a phase error of approximately 2h. For historic flood events, simulated peak water-level error varied from -0.40 m (-1.34 ft) to 0.40m (1.34ft) with a mean absolute error of 0.25m (0.82ft) at the Wisconsin Avenue gauge. While the NWS implemented model shows considerable potential to improve upon an existing empirical forecast technique for freshwater, tidal, and freshwater-tidal events, it did not adequately model wind-driven events because it does not include an explicit wind forcing term. Therefore, to further understand the influence of wind on Potomac water levels, both a 1D and a two-dimensional (2D) model were developed for Hurricane Isabel. With storm-specific calibration, wind-driven simulations from the models improved peak water-level simulation for Hurricane Isabel over the NWS model. The NWS model without wind forcing missed the Hurricane Isabel peak at the Washington Waterfront by 0.66m, while the 1D and 2D models came within 0.08 and 0.01m, respectively. Little improvement was seen over the NWS model in prediction of peak time. While the use of dynamically coupled 2D or three-dimensional hydraulics models for operational river forecasting may be the wave of the future, the value of loosely coupled, 1D river hydraulic models to efficiently provide water-level forecasts in should not be discounted. C1 [Mashriqui, H. S.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Hydrol Lab, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Halgren, J. S.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Halgren, J. S.] Riverside Technol Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80528 USA. [Reed, S. M.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Middle Atlantic River Forecast Ctr, State Coll, PA 16803 USA. RP Mashriqui, HS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Hydrol Lab, Off Hydrol Dev, W-OHD 12,1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM hassan.mashriqui@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 19 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 EI 1943-7900 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD MAY 1 PY 2014 VL 140 IS 5 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000862 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA AE8NJ UT WOS:000334258300006 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, S Biswas, SK Mukherjee, DP AF Mukherjee, Snehasis Biswas, Sujoy Kumar Mukherjee, Dipti Prasad TI Recognizing interactions between human performers by 'Dominating Pose Doublet' SO MACHINE VISION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Graph centrality; Bag-of-words; Human poses; Interaction; Dominating pose doublet; Meaningfulness ID HUMAN-BODY CONFIGURATIONS; ACTION RECOGNITION; CONTEXT AB A graph theoretic approach is proposed to recognize interactions (e.g., handshaking, punching, etc.) between two human performers in a video. Pose descriptors corresponding to each performer in the video are generated and clustered to form initial codebooks of human poses. Compact codebooks of dominating poses for each of the two performers are created by ranking the poses of the initial codebooks using two different methods. First, an average centrality measure of graph connectivity is introduced where poses are nodes in the graph. The dominating poses are graph nodes sharing a close semantic relationship with all other pose nodes and hence are expected to be at the central part of the graph. Second, a novel similarity measure is introduced for ranking dominating poses. The 'pose doublets', all possible combinations of dominating poses of the two performers, are ranked using an improved centrality measure of a bipartite graph. The set of 'dominating pose doublets' that best represents the corresponding interaction are selected using the perceptual analysis technique. The recognition results on standard interaction datasets show the efficacy of the proposed approach compared to the state-of-the-art. C1 [Mukherjee, Snehasis] NIST, Informat Access Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Biswas, Sujoy Kumar] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Elect Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Mukherjee, Dipti Prasad] Indian Stat Inst, Elect & Commun Sci Unit, Kolkata 700108, India. RP Mukherjee, S (reprint author), NIST, Informat Access Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM snehasismukho@gmail.com; sbiswas@ucsc.edu; dipti@isical.ac.in NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-8092 EI 1432-1769 J9 MACH VISION APPL JI Mach. Vis. Appl. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1033 EP 1052 DI 10.1007/s00138-013-0589-7 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA AF1AU UT WOS:000334447600015 ER PT J AU Wang, QY Schwarz, JP Cao, JJ Gao, RS Fahey, DW Hu, TF Huang, RJ Han, YM Shen, ZX AF Wang, Qiyuan Schwarz, J. P. Cao, Junji Gao, Rushan Fahey, D. W. Hu, Tafeng Huang, R. -J. Han, Yongming Shen, Zhenxing TI Black carbon aerosol characterization in a remote area of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, western China SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Refractory black carbon; Size distribution; Mixing state; Tibetan Plateau ID PARTICLE SOOT PHOTOMETER; LASER-INDUCED INCANDESCENCE; MIXING STATE; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; LAKE QINGHAI; TRANSPORT; REGION; MASS; HIMALAYAS AB The concentrations, size distributions, and mixing states of refractory black carbon (rBC) aerosols were measured with a ground-based Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2), and aerosol absorption was measured with an Aethalometer at Qinghai Lake (QHL), a rural area in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau of China in October 2011. The area was not pristine, with an average rBC mass concentration of 036 mu g STP-m(-3) during the two-week campaign period. The rBC concentration peaked at night and reached the minimal in the afternoon. This diurnal cycle of concentration is negatively correlated with the mixed layer depth and ventilation. When air masses from the west of QHL were sampled in late afternoon to early evening, the average rBC concentration of 021 mu g STP-m(-3) was observed, representing the rBC level in a larger Tibetan Plateau region because of the highest mixed layer depth. A log-normal primary mode with mass median diameter (MMD) of similar to 175 nm, and a small secondary lognormal mode with MMD of 470-500 nm of rBC were observed. Relative reduction in the secondary mode during a snow event supports recent work that suggested size dependent removal of rBC by precipitation. About 50% of the observed rBC cores were identified as thickly coated by non-BC material. A comparison of the Aethalometer and SP2 measurements suggests that non-BC species significantly affect the Aethalometer measurements in this region. A scaling factor for the Aethalometer data at a wavelength of 880 nm is therefore calculated based on the measurements, which may be used to correct other Aethalometer datasets collected in this region for a more accurate estimate of the rBC loading. The results present here significantly improve our understanding of the characteristics of rBC aerosol in the less studied Tibetan Plateau region and further highlight the size dependent removal of BC via precipitation. (C) 2014 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Qiyuan; Cao, Junji; Hu, Tafeng; Han, Yongming] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Aerosol Sci & Technol, SKLLQG, Inst Earth Environm, Xian 710075, Peoples R China. [Wang, Qiyuan; Shen, Zhenxing] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Schwarz, J. P.; Gao, Rushan; Fahey, D. W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Schwarz, J. P.; Fahey, D. W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cao, Junji] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Inst Global Environm Change, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Huang, R. -J.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Huang, R. -J.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Ryan Inst, Ctr Climate & Air Pollut Studies, Galway, Ireland. RP Cao, JJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Aerosol Sci & Technol, SKLLQG, Inst Earth Environm, Xian 710075, Peoples R China. EM cao@loess.llqg.ac.cn RI Loess, IEECAS/I-8075-2014; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Han, Yongming/I-8824-2014; Wang, Qiyuan/P-8867-2014; shen, zhenxing/P-8430-2014; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Cao, Junji/D-3259-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Cao, Junji/0000-0003-1000-7241; FU Natural Science Foundation of China [NSFC 40925009]; Ministry of Science and Technology [2007BAC30B01, 2012BAH31B03]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-BR-10]; NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program; NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program FX This project is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 40925009), the Ministry of Science and Technology (2007BAC30B01, 2012BAH31B03) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-BR-10). JPS, RSG, and DWF were supported by the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program and the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program. The authors thank the Gangcha weather station for providing the meteorological data. NR 52 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 12 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAY 1 PY 2014 VL 479 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.098 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AE5CZ UT WOS:000334006700018 PM 24561294 ER PT J AU Tasneem, G Werner, WSM Smekal, W Powell, CJ AF Tasneem, G. Werner, W. S. M. Smekal, W. Powell, C. J. TI Interlaboratory study comparing analyses of simulated angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE electron transport; Auger electron spectroscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ID ELASTIC-SCATTERING; CROSS-SECTIONS; THIN-FILMS; SPECTRA; XPS AB An interlaboratory study has been conducted to determine the following: (i) the similarities and differences of film thicknesses and composition profiles obtained from analyses of simulated angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) data by different analysts using different algorithms for data analysis, and (ii) the effects of two assumptions commonly made in data-analysis algorithms for ARXPS on derived film thicknesses and composition profiles. The analyzed data were generated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology Database for the Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis, (SESSA) which provides a simple way to study the influence of the aforementioned effects on compositional depth profile reconstruction. Sets of simulated ARXPS data were produced for thin films of SiO2, SiON, HfO2, and HfON of varying thicknesses on a Si substrate. For some HfON films, the N concentration varied with depth. Eleven groups participated in the round robin study. The majority (eight) employed a commercial ARXPS instrument in which the angular distribution is measured for a fixed sample geometry, in contrast to conventional ARXPS in which the sample is tilted for angular variation. The average deviations between the reported average depth, film thickness, and amount of material typically varied between 20% and 30% but were considerably larger, between 30% and 80%, for some cases. The average errors were generally larger for simulations that included elastic scattering and the finite analyzer-acceptance angle (realistic conditions) than those for simulations that neglected elastic scattering and the finite analyzer-acceptance angle (simplified conditions). The retrieved N depth profiles were quantitatively different from the true depth profiles and showed substantial variability among the group of members who used the same instrument and analysis software. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Tasneem, G.; Werner, W. S. M.; Smekal, W.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Appl Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Powell, C. J.] NIST, Mat Measurements Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Werner, WSM (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Appl Phys, Wiedner Hauptstr 8-10, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. EM werner@iap.tuwien.ac.at FU Higher Education Commission of Pakistan via the 'Osterreichischer Austauschdienst (OAD)' in Vienna FX We are grateful to Drs Alberto Herrera-Gomez, Arnaud Beaurain, Christian Tomastik, Thierry Conard, Eric Bersch, Karol Macak, Luigia Sabbatini, Pelissier Bernard, Royston Paynter, Sven Mahl, and Toshinori Shiobara for their participation in this study and for providing the data reported here. Discussion of the Theta Probe configuration with John Wolstenholme is gratefully acknowledged. Financial support by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan via the 'Osterreichischer Austauschdienst (OAD)' in Vienna is gratefully acknowledged by the first author. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0142-2421 EI 1096-9918 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 46 IS 5 BP 321 EP 332 DI 10.1002/sia.5482 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AF3DN UT WOS:000334591800007 ER PT J AU Carracedo, A Butler, JM Gusmao, L Linacre, A Parson, W Roewer, L Schneider, PM AF Carracedo, Angel Butler, John M. Gusmao, Leonor Linacre, Adrian Parson, Walther Roewer, Lutz Schneider, Peter M. TI Update of the guidelines for the publication of genetic population data SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Carracedo, Angel] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Inst Forens Sci, Genom Med Grp, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Carracedo, Angel] King Abdulaziz Univ, Ctr Excellence Genom Med Res, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. [Butler, John M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gusmao, Leonor] Univ Porto IPATIMUP, Inst Pathol & Mol Immunol, Oporto, Portugal. [Gusmao, Leonor] State Univ Rio de Janeiro UERJ, DNA Diagnost Lab LDD, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Linacre, Adrian] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Parson, Walther] Med Univ Innsbruck, Inst Legal Med, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Parson, Walther] Penn State Eberly Coll Sci, University Pk, PA USA. [Roewer, Lutz] Charite, Inst Legal Med, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. [Schneider, Peter M.] Univ Cologne, Fac Med, Inst Legal Med, Cologne, Germany. RP Carracedo, A (reprint author), Univ Santiago de Compostela, Inst Forens Sci, Genom Med Grp, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. EM angel.carracedo@usc.es RI Gusmao, Leonor/B-3122-2013; OI Gusmao, Leonor/0000-0003-0432-6481; Parson, Walther/0000-0002-5692-2392; Carracedo, Angel/0000-0003-1085-8986; Linacre, Adrian/0000-0001-5890-5548 NR 4 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 10 BP A1 EP A2 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.01.004 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA AE4XS UT WOS:000333991300001 PM 24503419 ER PT J AU Amaro, RL Drexler, ES Slifka, AJ AF Amaro, Robert L. Drexler, Elizabeth S. Slifka, Andrew J. TI Fatigue crack growth modeling of pipeline steels in high pressure gaseous hydrogen SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen-assisted fatigue crack growth; High-pressure hydrogen; Fatigue crack growth modeling ID HARDENING MATERIAL; DEFORMATION; STRESS; TIP AB Hydrogen will likely play a key role in a future clean energy economy. However, fundamental understanding of the deleterious effects of hydrogen on the fatigue and fracture properties of pipeline steels is lacking. Furthermore, engineering tools for design and lifetime prediction of pipeline steels in gaseous hydrogen are yet to be developed and implemented into national codes. A constitutive model that couples deformation and hydrogen-diffusion, supporting a phenomenological predictive model for fatigue crack growth, is presented for pipeline steels in high-pressure gaseous hydrogen. The semi-empirical model is predicated upon the hypothesis that one of two mechanisms dominates the fatigue crack growth response, depending upon the applied load and the material's hydrogen concentration. The model con-elates test results well, and illustrates how the deformation mechanisms contribute to fatigue crack propagation in pipeline steels in environments similar to those found in-service. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Amaro, Robert L.; Drexler, Elizabeth S.; Slifka, Andrew J.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Slifka, AJ (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM slifka@boulder.nist.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 EI 1879-3452 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD MAY PY 2014 VL 62 SI SI BP 249 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2013.10.013 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AE5ES UT WOS:000334011200026 ER PT J AU Page, KA Rowe, BW Masser, KA Faraone, A AF Page, Kirt A. Rowe, Brandon W. Masser, Kevin A. Faraone, Antonio TI The Effect of Water Content on Chain Dynamics in Nafion Membranes Measured by Neutron Spin Echo and Dielectric Spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE fuel cells; nafion; neutron spectroscopy; water transport ID PERFLUORINATED IONOMER MEMBRANES; X-RAY-SCATTERING; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; FUEL-CELL MEMBRANE; PERFLUOROSULFONATE IONOMERS; RELAXATION; TEMPERATURE; LIQUIDS; DIFFUSION; SYSTEMS AB Neutron spin-echo spectroscopy has been used to measure the time-scale of fluctuations associated with the inter-chain correlation peak observed in the diffraction pattern of the perfluorosulfonate ionomer, Nafion((R)). We have successfully measured the chain dynamics as a function of water content and temperature and have demonstrated that the chain dynamics become faster with increasing temperature. The addition of water also results in shorter relaxation times due to a plasticization of the chain motions. At water contents above a approximate to 6, the chain dynamics seem to approach a plateau and the relaxation times of the chains are no longer being plasticized by the presence of additional water molecules. The increased mobility in molecular relaxations induced by the presence of water points to the molecular origins of the temperature- and humidity-dependent softening mechanisms in Nafion and other perfluorinated sulfonic acid membrane materials. Moreover, these results show that there is a strong inter-dependence of the dynamics of water and the polymer chains in Nafion membranes. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. 2014, 52, 624-632 C1 [Page, Kirt A.; Rowe, Brandon W.; Masser, Kevin A.] NIST, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Faraone, Antonio] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Faraone, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Page, KA (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kirt.page@nist.gov FU National Research Council; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX B. W. Rowe and K. Masser would like to thank the National Research Council Postdoctoral Program for their support. This work used facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. A. Faraone would like to thank Bela Farago (Institut Laue-Langevin) for helpful exchange of ideas. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2014 VL 52 IS 9 BP 624 EP 632 DI 10.1002/polb.23457 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AD6XI UT WOS:000333404300003 ER PT J AU Horst, GP Sarnelle, O White, JD Hamilton, SK Kaul, RB Bressie, JD AF Horst, Geoffrey P. Sarnelle, Orlando White, Jeffrey D. Hamilton, Stephen K. Kaul, RajReni B. Bressie, Julianne D. TI Nitrogen availability increases the toxin quota of a harmful cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Microcystis; Microcystin; Toxin quota; Cyanobacteria; Nitrogen; Dreissena polymorpha ID MUSSELS DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; LAKE-ERIE; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; ZEBRA MUSSEL; GREAT-LAKES; GROWTH-RATE; PHOSPHORUS; EUTROPHICATION AB An important objective in understanding harmful phytoplankton blooms is determining how environmental factors influence the toxicity of bloom-forming species. We examined how nutrients and grazers (dreissenid mussels) affect the production of microcystin (a liver toxin) by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, via a combination of field and laboratory experiments, and field observations in Lake Erie. The field experiment revealed no effect of mussel density on microcystin quota (particulate microcystin per unit Microcystis biomass). In contrast, in both field and laboratory experiments, nitrogen-limited conditions led to substantially reduced microcystin quota relative to phosphorus-limited or nutrient-saturated conditions. In the field experiment, microcystin per unit of mcyB gene was strongly reduced under nitrogen-limited conditions, indicating a phenotypic response. Results from a seasonal survey in the western basin of Lake Erie revealed a similar negative influence of nitrogen limitation (as indexed by nitrate concentration) on microcystin quota. Our results are consistent with stoichiometric considerations in that the cell quota of a nitrogen-rich secondary metabolite, microcystin, was reduced disproportionately under nitrogen limitation. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Horst, Geoffrey P.; Sarnelle, Orlando; White, Jeffrey D.; Kaul, RajReni B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hamilton, Stephen K.] Michigan State Univ, WK Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Hamilton, Stephen K.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Bressie, Julianne D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Sarnelle, O (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM sarnelle@msu.edu RI Hamilton, Stephen/N-2979-2014; OI Hamilton, Stephen/0000-0002-4702-9017; Kaul, Rajreni/0000-0003-4820-5972 FU Environmental Protection Agency [ECOHAB/2004-STAR-C1, RD83170801]; National Science Foundation [DEB 0841864]; Michigan State University; United States Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank J. Berry, J. Northrup, P. Horst, J. Horst, S. Martin, E. Park, K. Lincoln, J. Gradisher and D. Weed for assistance in the field and laboratory, N. Consolatti for logistical support, and E. Litchman for kindly providing access to laboratory space and equipment. Funding for this research was provided by the Environmental Protection Agency (gs1) (ECOHAB/2004-STAR-C1, project number RD83170801), the National Science Foundation (gs2) (DEB 0841864) and Michigan State University (gs3). Although the research described in this article has been funded in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to the Agency's required peer and policy review, and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 62 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 9 U2 120 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAY 1 PY 2014 VL 54 BP 188 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2014.01.063 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AE5BO UT WOS:000334003000019 PM 24568788 ER PT J AU Williams, JG Smith, SG Fryer, JK Scheuerell, MD Muir, WD Flagg, TA Zabel, RW Ferguson, JW Casillas, E AF Williams, John G. Smith, Steven G. Fryer, Jeffrey K. Scheuerell, Mark D. Muir, William D. Flagg, Tom A. Zabel, Richard W. Ferguson, John W. Casillas, Edmundo TI Influence of ocean and freshwater conditions on Columbia River sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka adult return rates SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE smolt-to-adult returns; freshwater influences; adult returns; Columbia River Sockeye salmon; ocean influences; modeling ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; JUVENILE PACIFIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; SURVIVAL; OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; OREGON; REGIME AB In recent years, returns of adult sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka to the Columbia River Basin have reached numbers not observed since the 1950s. To understand factors related to these increased returns, we first looked for changes in freshwater production and survival of juvenile migrants. We then evaluated productivity changes by estimating smolt-to-adult return rates (SAR) for juvenile migration years 1985-2010. We found SAR varied between 0.2 and 23.5%, with the highest values coinciding with recent large adult returns. However, the largest adult return, in 2012, resulted not from increased survival, but from increased smolt production. We evaluated 19 different variables that could influence SARs, representing different facets of freshwater and ocean conditions. We used model selection criteria based on small-sample corrected AIC to evaluate the relative performance of all two- and three-variable models. The model with April upwelling, Pacific Northwest Index (PNI) in the migration year, and PNI in the year before migration had 10 times the AIC(c) weight as the second-best-supported model, and R-2=0.82. The variables of April ocean upwelling and PNI in the migration year had high weights of 0.996 and 0.927, respectively, indicating they were by far the best of the candidate variables to explain variations in SAR. While our analyses were primarily correlative and limited by the type and amount of data currently available, changes in ocean conditions in the northern California Current system, as captured by April upwelling and PNI, appeared to play a large role in the variability of SAR. C1 [Williams, John G.; Smith, Steven G.; Scheuerell, Mark D.; Muir, William D.; Flagg, Tom A.; Zabel, Richard W.; Ferguson, John W.; Casillas, Edmundo] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Fryer, Jeffrey K.] Columbia Intertribal Fish Commiss, Portland, OR USA. RP Williams, JG (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jgw3@u.washington.edu RI Scheuerell, Mark/N-6683-2016 OI Scheuerell, Mark/0000-0002-8284-1254 NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3 BP 210 EP 224 DI 10.1111/fog.12056 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA AE1RR UT WOS:000333747900002 ER PT J AU Sadorus, LL Mantua, NJ Essington, T Hickey, B Hare, S AF Sadorus, Lauri L. Mantua, Nathan J. Essington, Timothy Hickey, Barbara Hare, Steven TI Distribution patterns of Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) in relation to environmental variables along the continental shelf waters of the US West Coast and southern British Columbia SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Pacific halibut; northeast Pacific; hypoxia; dissolved oxygen; southern British Columbia; temperature; US West Coast; catchability; fish distribution; environment ID GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; MARINE FISH; BERING-SEA; FEEDING MOTIVATION; PELAGIC FISH; HYPOXIA; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; ECOSYSTEM AB Knowing how Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) distribute in relation to ocean conditions is of primary importance to halibut managers, as they are tasked with estimating stock size and designing effective monitoring programs amidst a changing climate. This research examined near-bottom environmental data alongside halibut survey catch data for the years 2006-2009 on the continental shelf of Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia. The objectives of the research were to: (1) characterize summer environmental conditions and halibut distribution; (2) explore ranges and possible tolerance thresholds for halibut in relation to temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, and pH; and (3) identify the primary environmental factors affecting distribution of halibut and model the observed relationships. Seasonal hypoxia is an annual feature of the study area and results suggest halibut exhibited an apparent DO minimum threshold of 0.9mLL(-1). Ordinary least squares multiple regression analysis indicated that depth, temperature, and DO were significant variables in predicting halibut distribution, whereas salinity and bottom type were not. Ambiguity in model results led to the use of two additional analytical methods, geographically weighted regression (GWR) and tree regression, to examine regional variation and the overarching structure of halibut distribution. The three models yielded similar results indicating the importance of DO and temperature as variables describing structure. The GWR model yielded the best fit of the three when using DO as a predictor variable, indicating that regional variation is a factor. These results suggest that low, but above-threshold, DO may be contributing to catchability differences in the survey. C1 [Sadorus, Lauri L.; Hare, Steven] Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, Seattle, WA 98145 USA. [Sadorus, Lauri L.; Mantua, Nathan J.; Essington, Timothy; Hare, Steven] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mantua, Nathan J.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hickey, Barbara] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA USA. RP Sadorus, LL (reprint author), Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, 2320 West Commodore Way,Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98145 USA. EM lauri@iphc.int OI Hare, Steven/0000-0002-4021-6354 FU International Pacific Halibut Commission; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Restoration and Enhancement Program; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX We thank the reviewers for their thoughtful and constructive comments on the manuscript. Thanks to the vessels, crews, biologists, and IPHC office staff who collected the data used for this study. Additionally, we thank Drs. Bruce Leaman and Ray Webster of the IPHC for their helpful advice and reviews of the work. This project was funded by the International Pacific Halibut Commission. Oceanographic monitoring equipment purchases were funded through grants received from the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Restoration and Enhancement Program and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 81 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3 BP 225 EP 241 DI 10.1111/fog.12057 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA AE1RR UT WOS:000333747900003 ER PT J AU Busby, MS Duffy-Anderson, JT Mier, KL De Forest, LG AF Busby, M. S. Duffy-Anderson, J. T. Mier, K. L. De Forest, L. G. TI Spatial and temporal patterns in summer ichthyoplankton assemblages on the eastern Bering Sea shelf 1996-2007 SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE fish larvae; spatial distribution; environmental variables; Bering Sea; juveniles; assemblages ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; JUVENILE WALLEYE POLLOCK; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM; NORTHERN; IMPACTS; LARVAL; ALASKA; BIODIVERSITY AB Larval and early juvenile fishes were sampled from the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) shelf from 2001 to 2005, and in 2007. Data from these collections were used to examine spatial and temporal patterns in species assemblage structure and abundance. The years 2001-2005 were unusual because the EBS water temperature was 'warm' compared with the long-term mean temperature. In contrast, 2007 was a 'cold' year. The abundance of the five most numerous taxa at 12 stations common to all years sampled (1996-2005, 2007) were significantly different among years. Larval and early juvenile stage Theragra chalcogramma (walleye pollock), a commercially important gadid, were by far the most abundant fish in all years. Bottom depth alone best explained assemblage structure in most years, but in others, bottom depth and water column temperature combined and percent sea-ice coverage were most important. Abundance of T.chalcogramma larvae increases with water column temperature until 5 degrees C and then becomes level. Higher abundances of Gadus macrocephalus (Pacific cod) larvae occur in years with the greatest percent sea-ice cover as indicated by GAM analysis. Larvae of Lepidopsetta polyxystra (northern rock sole) increase in abundance with increasing maximum wind speed, but decrease at a later date during the last winter storm. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that oceanographic conditions, specifically water temperature and sea-ice coverage, affect the spatial and temporal pattern of larval abundances. In general, ichthyoplankton species assemblages can be important early indicators of environmental change in the Bering Sea and potentially other subarctic seas as well. C1 [Busby, M. S.; Duffy-Anderson, J. T.; Mier, K. L.; De Forest, L. G.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Busby, MS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM morgan.busby@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3 BP 270 EP 287 DI 10.1111/fog.12062 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA AE1RR UT WOS:000333747900006 ER PT J AU Yoon, YH Horst, SM Hicks, RK Li, R de Gouw, JA Tolbert, MA AF Yoon, Y. Heidi Hoerst, Sarah M. Hicks, Raea K. Li, Rui de Gouw, Joost A. Tolbert, Margaret A. TI The role of benzene photolysis in Titan haze formation SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan, atmosphere; Atmospheres, chemistry; Photochemistry; Experimental techniques ID PHOTOABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; HIGH-RESOLUTION; MOLECULAR NITROGEN; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; HOT BENZENE; EARLY EARTH; PHOTODISSOCIATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB During the Cassini mission to the saturnian system, benzene (C6H6) was observed throughout Titan's atmosphere. Although present in trace amounts, benzene has been proposed to be an important precursor for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation, which could eventually lead to haze production. In this work, we simulate the effect of benzene in Titan's atmosphere in the laboratory by using a deuterium lamp (115-400 nm) to irradiate CH4/N-2 gas mixtures containing ppm-levels of C6H6. Proton-transfer ion-trap mass spectrometry is used to detect gas-phase products in situ. HCN and CH3CN are identified as two major gases formed from the photolysis of 2% CH4 in N-2, both with and without 1 ppmv C6H6 added. Inclusion of benzene significantly increases the total amount of gas-phase products formed and the aromaticity of the resultant gases, as shown by delta analysis of the mass spectra. The condensed phase products (or tholins) are measured in situ using high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry. As reported previously by Trainer et al. (Trainer, M.G., Sebree, J.A., Yoon, Y.H., Tolbert, MA. [2013]. Astrophys. J. 766, L4), the addition of C6H6 is shown to increase aerosol mass, but decrease the nitrogen incorporation in the organic aerosol. The pressure dependence of aerosol formation for the C6H6/CH4/N-2 gas mixture is also explored. As the pressure decreases, the %N by mass in the aerosol products decreases. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Yoon, Y. Heidi; Hoerst, Sarah M.; Hicks, Raea K.; Li, Rui; de Gouw, Joost A.; Tolbert, Margaret A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hicks, Raea K.; Tolbert, Margaret A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, Rui; de Gouw, Joost A.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Yoon, YH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES Bldg,Room 318, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Heidi.Yoon@colorado.edu RI Horst, Sarah/A-9906-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Horst, Sarah/0000-0003-4596-0702; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX11AD82G]; CIRES Visiting Fellows Program; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Science Foundation Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship [AST-1102827]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth and Space Science Fellowship [NNX10AP76H] FX The authors would like to thank T.T. Koskinen for providing the UVIS benzene mixing ratios. The authors would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions and comments that have helped improve the manuscript. This material is based on work supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant NNX11AD82G. Y.H.Y. acknowledges support from the CIRES Visiting Fellows Program, sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. S.M.H. is supported by the National Science Foundation Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship AST-1102827. R.K.H. is supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth and Space Science Fellowship NNX10AP76H. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 37 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY 1 PY 2014 VL 233 BP 233 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.02.006 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AE1KX UT WOS:000333729300020 ER PT J AU Rehr, AP Williams, GD Levin, PS AF Rehr, Amanda P. Williams, Gregory D. Levin, Phillip S. TI A test of the use of computer generated visualizations in support of ecosystem-based management SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Scenario analysis; Visualization; Seagrass; Zostera marina; Restoration; Ecosystem-based management ID LANDSCAPE; PERCEPTIONS; PREFERENCES AB Systematic scenario analysis is increasingly being used as an approach to evaluate ecosystem-based management options, often using "storylines" communicated through computer-generated (CG) images or visualizations. To explore potential issues associated with using CG imagery for conveying scenarios of habitat restoration we performed experiments in the Puget Sound, Washington region in which we asked whether respondents could differentiate among images of varying seagrass density and spatial extent, and if the presence of humans in the images affected these assessments and their perceptions of ecosystem health. Respondents were able to grossly determine relative seagrass density in the images, but only about 50% of them were able to determine this perfectly. Most errors occurred when the difference in density was small: approximately 20 shoot m(-2). The ability to correctly distinguish among images was inversely correlated with educational level. The presence or absence of people in the imagery did not influence the ability of respondents to correctly sort images, nor did it affect perceptions of ecosystem "health". Taken together, the results suggest that such imagery can be useful as basis for communicating large differences in ecological conditions, but may be less informative as means to convey marginal changes in ecological structure. This work begins to highlight some of the pitfalls, but also the promise, of the use of CG visualization in marine resource management. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rehr, Amanda P.; Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Williams, Gregory D.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Levin, PS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM phil.levin@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 46 BP 14 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2013.12.012 PG 5 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA AE3CE UT WOS:000333853700002 ER PT J AU Speir, C Pomeroy, C Sutinen, JG AF Speir, Cameron Pomeroy, Caroline Sutinen, Jon G. TI Port level fishing dynamics: Assessing changes in the distribution of fishing activity over time SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Commercial fishing; Ports; Community analysis AB This article assesses changes in the relative distribution of commercial fishing activity within a system of ports. Like other coastal fisheries in the United States, fishing activity declined significantly at California's central and north coast region ports between 1981 and 2007. The central questions addressed in this paper are: how have the changes in overall fishing activity (as measured by total regional fishing trips, revenues, and landings) affected fishing activity in each of the central and northern California coastal region's 30 fishing ports? How have individual ports fared relative to other ports and the region as a whole during this decline? The analysis assesses the degree to which the relative distribution of fishing activity across ports-as measured by port rankings-is stable over time. The formal rank correlation analysis shows that ports' rankings have changed slowly and have changed more over longer intervals. In addition, the rankings change less (more) when the comparison is made over a larger (smaller) set of ports. Tests for the statistical significance of differences in percentage changes in fishing activity between region-wide totals and individual ports are performed. The results indicate that ports differ in terms of their dynamic fishing activity patterns over time, which constitutes a rejection of the null hypothesis that the cumulative percent changes at individual ports are the same as changes at the region-wide level. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Speir, Cameron] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Pomeroy, Caroline] UCSC, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Inst Marine Sci, Calif Sea Grant, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Sutinen, Jon G.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Environm & Nat Resource Econ, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Speir, C (reprint author), NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM cameron.speir@noaa.gov; cpomeroy@ucsd.edu; jgsutinen@gmail.com NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 46 BP 171 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2014.01.014 PG 21 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA AE3CE UT WOS:000333853700023 ER PT J AU Amaro, P Szabo, CI Schlesser, S Gumberidze, A Kessler, EG Henins, A Le Bigot, EO Trassinelli, M Isac, JM Travers, P Guerra, M Santos, JP Indelicato, P AF Amaro, P. Szabo, C. I. Schlesser, S. Gumberidze, A. Kessler, E. G., Jr. Henins, A. Le Bigot, E. O. Trassinelli, M. Isac, J. M. Travers, P. Guerra, M. Santos, J. P. Indelicato, P. TI A vacuum double-crystal spectrometer for reference-free X-ray spectroscopy of highly charged ions SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Highly charged ions; Double-crystal X-ray spectrometer; Electron-cyclotron resonance ion source ID 1S LAMB SHIFT; OPTICS SOFTWARE TOOLKIT; ARGON RECOIL IONS; HELIUM-LIKE ARGON; K-ALPHA; PRECISION-MEASUREMENTS; TRANSITION ENERGIES; LATTICE-PARAMETER; WAVELENGTH MEASUREMENTS; AVOGADRO CONSTANT AB We have built a vacuum double crystal spectrometer, which coupled to an electron-cyclotron resonance ion source, allows absolute measurements of low-energy X-ray transitions in highly charged ions with accuracies of the order of a few parts per million. We describe in detail the instrument and its performance. Furthermore, we present a few spectra of n = 2 -> n = 1 transitions in Ar14+, Ar15+ and Ar16+. We have developed an ab initio simulation code that allows us to obtain accurate line profiles. It can reproduce experimental spectra with unprecedented accuracy. The quality of the profiles allows the direct determination of line width. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Amaro, P.; Guerra, M.; Santos, J. P.] Univ Nova Lisboa, Dept Fis, Ctr Fis Atom, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, P-2829516 Caparica, Portugal. [Amaro, P.; Szabo, C. I.; Schlesser, S.; Gumberidze, A.; Le Bigot, E. O.; Isac, J. M.; Travers, P.; Indelicato, P.] Univ Paris 06, Univ Sorbonne, Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75005 Paris, France. [Amaro, P.; Szabo, C. I.; Schlesser, S.; Gumberidze, A.; Le Bigot, E. O.; Isac, J. M.; Travers, P.; Indelicato, P.] CNRS, Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75005 Paris, France. [Amaro, P.; Szabo, C. I.; Schlesser, S.; Gumberidze, A.; Le Bigot, E. O.; Isac, J. M.; Travers, P.; Indelicato, P.] Ecole Normale Super, Dept Phys, Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75005 Paris, France. [Gumberidze, A.] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch, ExtreMe Matter Inst EMMI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Gumberidze, A.] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch, Div Res, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Gumberidze, A.] FIAS Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Kessler, E. G., Jr.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Trassinelli, M.] Univ Paris 06, Univ Sorbonne, UPMC, Inst Nanosci Paris,CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Indelicato, P (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Univ Sorbonne, Lab Kastler Brossel, Case 74,4,Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. EM paul.indelicato@lkb.upmc.fr RI Indelicato, Paul/D-7636-2011; Guerra, Mauro/H-9419-2012; Santos, Jose Paulo/F-4186-2010; Trassinelli, Martino/M-5326-2016; OI Indelicato, Paul/0000-0003-4668-8958; Guerra, Mauro/0000-0001-6286-4048; Santos, Jose Paulo/0000-0002-5890-0971; Trassinelli, Martino/0000-0003-4414-1801; Amaro, Pedro/0000-0002-5257-6728 FU CNRS; MESR; UPMC; BNM [01 3 0002]; ANR [ANR-06-BLAN-0223]; Helmholtz Alliance [HA216/EMMI]; FCT-Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (Portugal) [PEst-OE/FIS/UI0303/2011, PTDC/FIS/117606/2012]; French-Portuguese collaboration (PESSOA Program) [441.00]; Accoes Integradas Luso-Francesas [F-11/09]; Programme Hubert Curien PESSOA [20022VB]; FCT [SFRH/BD/38691/2007, SFRH/BD/37404/2007]; German Research Foundation (DFG) [TA 740 1-1] FX Laboratoire Kastler Brossel is "UMR no 8552" of the ENS, CNRS and UPMC. The SIMPA ECRIS has been financed by Grants from CNRS, MESR, and UPMC. The experiment is supported by Grants from BNM 01 3 0002, the ANR ANR-06-BLAN-0223 and the Helmholtz Alliance HA216/EMMI.; This research was also supported in part by FCT-Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (Portugal) through Project nos. PEst-OE/FIS/UI0303/2011 and PTDC/FIS/117606/2012, by the French-Portuguese collaboration (PESSOA Program, Contract no. 441.00), by the Accoes Integradas Luso-Francesas (Contract no. F-11/09), and by the Programme Hubert Curien PESSOA 20022VB. M. G. acknowledges the support of the FCT, under Contract SFRH/BD/38691/2007. P. A. acknowledges the support of FCT, under Contract no. SFRH/BD/37404/2007 and the German Research Foundation (DFG) within the Emmy Noether program under Contract no. TA 740 1-1. We thank J. P. Okpisz, B. Delamour, M. Boujrad, A.Vogt, and S. Souramassing for technical support, B. Manil for his help at the beginning of the spectrometer construction, and the ASUR team from INSP. We thank L Hudson, J. Gillaspy and T. Jach for helpful discussions. NR 118 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 98 BP 132 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.01.015 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA AE2IJ UT WOS:000333796200022 ER PT J AU Wang, WG AF Wang, Weiguo TI Analytically Modelling Mean Wind and Stress Profiles in Canopies SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Analytical wind model; Canopy mean wind profile; Canopy stress profile; Large-eddy simulation; Non-local transport ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; KINETIC-ENERGY BUDGETS; MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; PLANT CANOPIES; AIR-FLOW; VEGETATION CANOPIES; 2ND-ORDER CLOSURE; TURBULENT-FLOW; WAVING WHEAT AB An analytical model for mean wind profiles in sparse canopies (W. Wang, Boundary-Layer Meteorol 142:383-399, 2012) has been further developed, with (1) an explicit solution being derived, and (2) a linear term being added to the -closure scheme to improve the shear-stress parametrization when the contribution of non-local transport is significant. Results from large-eddy simulations and from laboratory experiments are used to evaluate the model and adjust model parameters, showing that the model can well simulate canopy wind and stress profiles not only for sparse-canopy scenarios, but also for dense-canopy scenarios. The analytical solution converges exactly to the standard surface-layer logarithmic wind profile in the case of zero canopy density, and tends to an exponential wind profile for a dense canopy. C1 IMSG NCEP NOAA, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Wang, WG (reprint author), IMSG NCEP NOAA, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM wang_wg@yahoo.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41075039, 41375058] FX The author is grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. This work is partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 41075039 and 41375058. NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 EI 1573-1472 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 151 IS 2 BP 239 EP 256 DI 10.1007/s10546-013-9899-6 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD6AI UT WOS:000333334600003 ER PT J AU Rosado-Reyes, CM Tsang, W AF Rosado-Reyes, Claudette M. Tsang, Wing TI Thermal Stability of Larger Carbonyl Compounds: 2-Methylbutyraldehyde SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID SHOCK-TUBE; ALKYL RADICALS; DECOMPOSITION; ISOBUTANOL; ALCOHOLS AB We have decomposed 2-methylbutyraldehye in single pulse shock tube experiments, at temperatures between 1075 K to 1250 K and pressures of 1.5 and 6 atm. Five reaction channels have been identified from the unimolecular products that have been detected. The products involve C Symbol of the Klingon Empire C bond cleavage together with a retro-ene reaction. Particularly remarkable is the detection of small amount of butane; the first time that an alkane has been detected in these high-temperature experiments. The formation of butane represents evidence of the roaming radical reaction or more generally the high-temperature radical disproportionation reaction. Ethylene is present in large yields, and this is traced to a 1,2 H-transfer reaction involving the highly exothermic transfer of a carbonyl hydrogen to an alkyl site. The results are consistent with earlier single pulse shock tube experiments on the 2-ketones. In particular, they confirm the earlier observation that substituting a methyl and hydrogen atom with a doubly bonded oxygen atom have very little effect on the rate constant of the adjoining C Symbol of the Klingon Empire C bond. The yields of ethylene are consistent with a very low value of the carbonyl resonance energy. C1 [Rosado-Reyes, Claudette M.; Tsang, Wing] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rosado-Reyes, CM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM claudette.rosado-reyes@nist.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0538-8066 EI 1097-4601 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 46 IS 5 SI SI BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1002/kin.20828 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AD7PY UT WOS:000333457300004 ER PT J AU Gaither, MR Schultz, JK Bellwood, DR Pyle, RL DiBattista, JD Rocha, LA Bowen, BW AF Gaither, Michelle R. Schultz, Jennifer K. Bellwood, David R. Pyle, Richard L. DiBattista, Joseph D. Rocha, Luiz A. Bowen, Brian W. TI Evolution of pygmy angelfishes: Recent divergences, introgression, and the usefulness of color in taxonomy SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Centropyge; Coral reef fish; Hybridization; Incomplete lineage sorting; Mitochondrial DNA; Nuclear introns ID GENUS-CENTROPYGE; MARINE BIODIVERSITY; INDIAN-OCEAN; MIXED MODELS; REEF FISHES; DNA; POMACANTHIDAE; BIOGEOGRAPHY; CHAETODONTIDAE; PHYLOGENETICS AB The pygmy angelfishes (genus Centropyge, family Pomacanthidae) are brightly colored species that occupy reef habitats in every tropical ocean. Some species are rarely observed because they occur below conventional scuba depths. Their striking coloration can command thousands of U.S. dollars in the aquarium trade, and closely related species are often distinguished only by coloration. These factors have impeded phylogenetic resolution, and every phylogeographic survey to date has reported discordance between coloration, taxonomy, and genetic partitions. Here we report a phylogenetic survey of 29 of the 34 recognized species (N = 94 plus 23 outgroups), based on two mtDNA and three nuclear loci, totaling 2272 bp. The resulting ML and Baysian trees are highly concordant and indicate that the genus Centropyge is paraphyletic, consistent with a previous analysis of the family Pomacanthidae. Two recognized genera (Apolemichthys and Genicanthus) nest within Centropyge, and two subgenera (Xiphypops and Paracentropyge) comprise monophyletic lineages that should be elevated to genus level. Based on an age estimate of 38 Ma for the family Pomacanthidae, Centropyge diverged from the closest extant genus Pygoplites about 33 Ma, three deep lineages within Centropyge diverged about 18-28 Ma, and four species complexes diverged 3-12 Ma. However, in 11 of 13 cases, putative species in these complexes are indistinguishable based on morphology and genetics, being defined solely by coloration. These cases indicate either emerging species or excessive taxonomic splitting based on brightly colored variants. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gaither, Michelle R.; Rocha, Luiz A.] Calif Acad Sci, Sect Ichthyol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Schultz, Jennifer K.] NOAA Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Bellwood, David R.] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Bellwood, David R.] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Pyle, Richard L.] Bernice P Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. [DiBattista, Joseph D.] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Red Sea Res Ctr, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. [Bowen, Brian W.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. RP Gaither, MR (reprint author), Calif Acad Sci, Sect Ichthyol, 55 Mus Concourse Dr, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. EM michellergaither@gmail.com RI Rocha, Luiz/C-5107-2011; DiBattista, Joseph/O-2074-2014 OI DiBattista, Joseph/0000-0002-5696-7574 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0929031]; Seaver Institute; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) postgraduate fellowship; University of Hawai'i Sea Grant College Program, SOEST, under Institutional Grant [NA090AR4170060]; NOAA Office of Sea Grant; Department of Commerce and the California Academy of Sciences; Australian Research Council; National Geographic Grant [8208-07]; Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology [9061]; School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology [UNIHI-SEAGRANT-JC-11-22]; University of Hawai'i Sea Grant Program FX For specimen collections, valuable advice and logistic assistance we thank Senifa Annandale, Frank Baensch, Chris Bowen, John Coppolino, Joshua Copus, Matthew Craig, Edward DeMartini, John Earle, Jeff Eble, Jen Fessler, Brian Greene, David Greenfield, J.P. Hobbs, Shelley Jones, Stephen Karl, Nicolai Konow, Randy Kosaki, Mike Lameier, Ross Langston, Ken Longenecker, Marvin Lutneski, Carl Meyer, Gustav Pauley, Jason Philibotte, John Randall, D. Ross Robertson, Kang-Ning Shen, Charles Sheppard, Julian Sprung, Robert Thorn, Ellen Waldrop, Jimmy Young and Zoltan Szabo. We also thank Robert Toonen and members of the ToBo lab for logistic support, Moises Bernal, Claudia Rocha, Anna Sellas and Brian Simison at the California Academy of Sciences for support and lively discussions, and the Center for Genomics, Proteomics, and Bioinformatics at the University of Hawai'i for their assistance with DNA sequencing. This research was supported by National Science Foundation grants to BWB (most recently OCE-0929031), by the Seaver Institute, and by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) postgraduate fellowship to JDD. MRG was supported by a fellowship from the University of Hawai'i Sea Grant College Program, SOEST, under Institutional Grant No. NA090AR4170060 from NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce and the California Academy of Sciences. DRB was supported by the Australian Research Council. Field work at Cocos/Keeling and Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) was supported by National Geographic Grant 8208-07 to Matthew T. Craig. This is contribution no. 1578 from the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, no. 9061 from the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, and UNIHI-SEAGRANT-JC-11-22 from the University of Hawai'i Sea Grant Program. NR 58 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 48 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 74 BP 38 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.01.017 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA AD6OO UT WOS:000333380900004 PM 24500654 ER PT J AU Pitts, WM AF Pitts, William M. TI Applied Heat Flux Distribution and Time Response Effects on Cone Calorimeter Characterization of a Commercial Flexible Polyurethane Foam SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cone calorimeter; Flexible polyurethane foam; Heat of combustion; Heat of gasification; Heat release rate; Polyol; Toluene diisocyanate; Two-stage burning ID COMBUSTION; RELEASE; FLAMMABILITY; IGNITION AB The burning behavior of a commercial flexible polyurethane foam has been studied in a cone calorimeter using standard ASTM procedures. It is shown that burning takes place in two distinct stages, with the first primarily due to the release of species derived from the isocyanate used in the manufacture of the foam and the second due to species derived from the polyether component. Experiments showed that approximately 40% of the original foam mass is lost during the first burning stage. Due to the low density and high flammability of the foam, burning takes place at a high rate, and experimental times are relatively short. As a result, the heat release rates measured by the cone calorimeter are distorted by the non-uniform heat flux distribution of the cone heater over the sample volume and the instrument's finite time response. Two heat release models were developed and applied to approximately correct for the effects of finite time response and non-uniform heat flux distribution. Values reported include mass loss rate, heat release rate, heat of combustion, and heat of gasification for each of the burning stages. The measurement results are compared with earlier published findings for similar foams. The results are found to fall into two distinct classes with different heat release rate behaviors. Possible reasons for the differences are discussed. C1 NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pitts, WM (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wpitts@nist.gov FU International Consortium for Fire Safety, Health, and the Environment (ICFSHE) FX This research was performed as part of a larger project funded by The International Consortium for Fire Safety, Health, and the Environment (ICFSHE) with financial oversight by Karen Suhr. Technical oversight was provided by Petra Andersson and Margaret Simonson of SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden. The operator for the cone calorimeter measurements was Michael Smith of the NIST Engineering Laboratory. Special thanks to Dr. Bharat Bhooshan of the Consumer Product Safety Commission and Mr. Beat Niederoest of FXI, Incorporated for analyzing the FPUF studied. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 EI 1572-8099 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 50 IS 3 BP 635 EP 672 DI 10.1007/s10694-011-0235-8 PG 38 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AD1AD UT WOS:000332965300011 ER PT J AU Cleary, T AF Cleary, Thomas TI Performance of Dual Photoelectric/Ionization Smoke Alarms in Full-Scale Fire Tests SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Smoke alarms; Dual alarms; Fire tests AB Data from two full-scale residential smoke alarm fire test series were analyzed to estimate the performance of dual sensor photoelectric/ionization alarms as compared to co-located individual photoelectric and ionization alarms. Dual alarms and aggregated photoelectric and ionization alarm responses were used to estimate dual alarm performance. It was observed that dual alarms with equivalent or higher sensitivity settings performed better than individual photoelectric or ionization alarms over a range of flaming and smoldering fire scenarios. In one test series, dual alarms activated 539 s faster than ionization alarms and 79 s faster than photoelectric alarms on average. In another test series, individual alarm sensor outputs were calibrated against a reference smoke source in terms of light obscuration over a path length (percent smoke obscuration per unit length) so that alarm thresholds could be defined by the sensor outputs. In that test series, dual alarms, with individual sensor sensitivities equal to their counterpart alarm sensitivities, activated 261 s faster on average than ionization alarms (with sensitivity settings of 4.3%/m smoke obscuration for the ionization sensors) and 35 s faster on average than the photoelectric alarms (with sensitivity settings of 6.6%/m, for the photoelectric sensors.) In cases where an ionization sensor was the first to reach the alarm threshold, the dual alarm activated 67 s faster on average than the photoelectric alarm. While in cases were a photoelectric sensor was the first to reach the alarm threshold, the dual alarm activated 523 s faster on average than the ionization alarm. Over a range of ionization sensor settings examined, dual alarm response was insensitive to the ionization sensor setting for initially smoldering fires and fires with the bedroom door closed, while dual alarm response to the kitchen fires was very sensitive to the ionization sensor setting. Tests conducted in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) fire emulator/detector evaluator showed that the ionization sensors in off-the-shelf ionization alarms and dual alarms span a range of sensitivity settings. While there appears to be no consensus on sensitivity setting for ionization sensors, it may be desirable to tailor sensor sensitivities in dual alarms for specific applications, such as near kitchens where reducing nuisance alarms may be a goal, or in bedrooms where higher smoke sensitivity may be a goal. C1 NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cleary, T (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.cleary@nist.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 EI 1572-8099 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 50 IS 3 BP 753 EP 773 DI 10.1007/s10694-010-0147-z PG 21 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AD1AD UT WOS:000332965300016 ER PT J AU Cleary, T AF Cleary, Thomas TI Results from a Full-Scale Smoke Alarm Sensitivity Study SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Smoke alarms; Smoldering; Full-scale fire tests AB A series of 24 full-scale experiments was conducted to examine the effects of alarm type (photoelectric, ionization, and dual sensor), alarm location, fabric type (100% cotton and 100% polyester), polyurethane foam density, ignition scenario, and room configuration, on smoke alarm performance. A two-level, fractional factorial design of eight experimental configurations was developed around the five factors: fabric type, foam density, fire location, ventilation, and ignition scenario. A structure, designed to represent a single-story home or apartment, was constructed inside the Large Fire Laboratory at the National Institute for Standards and Technology for the experiments. The fire source was a chair mockup consisting of a seat and back cushion of a specific cover fabric and foam density, weighing between 5.5 kg and 8.3 kg. It rested on a metal frame and was subjected to a small propane gas flame, or an electric cartridge heater to initiate smoldering. Each experimental configuration was replicated three times. Smoldering fires were allowed to progress until they naturally transitioned to flaming fires except for one test that was terminated early due to time constraints. The smoldering to flaming transition times ranged from (81 to 182) min. Each fire progressed for a time sufficient to produce multiple hazards (smoke, heat, and toxic gases). All alarms tested were purchased from retail outlets and activated at their preset levels. Photoelectric, ionization, and dual photoelectric/ionization alarms were co-located at multiple locations to facilitate comparisons of each alarm type, and different designs of the same type of alarm. For smoke alarms in the room of fire origin, it was observed that each of the five factors had an effect on the measured alarm times that was primarily a result of fire growth rate (fabric type, foam density, and ignition scenario), or smoke dilution and transport (fire location and ventilation). The photoelectric alarm responded quicker on average than ionization alarm in two of four smoldering fire configurations, responding before the ionization alarm in all 6 trials, while the ionization alarm responded before the photoelectric alarm in two of three trials for the other two configurations. The ionization alarm responded quicker on average than photoelectric alarm in all four flaming fire configurations, and responded before the photoelectric alarm in all 12 flaming fire trials. One dual alarm had the fastest average alarm time for all four smoldering fire configurations, and responded first in 11 of the 12 trials. It also yielded faster average alarm times than the other dual alarm in seven of eight configurations, and was the first dual alarm to respond in 22 out of 23 trials where dual alarms were present. C1 NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cleary, T (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.cleary@nist.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 EI 1572-8099 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 50 IS 3 BP 775 EP 790 DI 10.1007/s10694-010-0152-2 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AD1AD UT WOS:000332965300017 ER PT J AU Mislan, KAS Stock, CA Dunne, JP Sarmiento, JL AF Mislan, K. A. S. Stock, Charles A. Dunne, John P. Sarmiento, Jorge L. TI Group behavior among model bacteria influences particulate carbon remineralization depths SO JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITY; ATLANTIC TIME-SERIES; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL GYRE; OCEAN PARTICLE FLUXES; COPEPOD FECAL PELLETS; MARINE-SNOW; SARGASSO SEA; SEDIMENT TRAPS; NORTH-ATLANTIC AB Organic particles sinking from the sunlit surface are oases of food for heterotrophic bacteria living in the deep ocean. Particle-attached bacteria need to solubilize particles, so they produce exoenzymes that cleave bonds to make molecules small enough to be transported through bacterial cell walls. Releasing exoenzymes, which have an energetic cost, to the external environment is risky because there is no guarantee that products of exoenzyme activity, called hydrolysate, will diffuse to the particle-attached bacterium that produced the exoenzymes. Strategies used by particle-attached bacteria to counteract diffusive losses of exoenzymes and hydrolysate are investigated in a water column model. We find that production of exoenzymes by particle-attached bacteria is only energetically worthwhile at high bacterial abundances. Quorum sensing provides the means to determine local abundances, and thus the model results support lab and field studies which found that particle-attached bacteria have the ability to use quorum sensing. Additional model results are that particle-attached bacterial production is sensitive to diffusion of hydrolysate from the particle and is enhanced by as much as 15 times when diffusion of exoenzymes and hydrolysate from particles is reduced by barriers of biofilms and particle-attached bacteria. Bacterial colonization rates and activities on particles in both the euphotic and mesopelagic zones impact remineralization length scales. Shoaling or deepening of the remineralization depth has been shown to exert significant influence on the residence time and concentration of carbon in the atmosphere and ocean. By linking variability in remineralization depths to mechanisms governing bacterial colonization of particles and group coordination of exoenzyme production using a model, we quantitatively connect microscale bacteria-particle interactions to the carbon cycle and provide new insights for future observations. C1 [Mislan, K. A. S.; Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Stock, Charles A.; Dunne, John P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Mislan, KAS (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM kas.mislan@gmail.com OI Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013 NR 69 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 16 PU SEARS FOUNDATION MARINE RESEARCH PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, KLINE GEOLOGY LAB, 210 WHITNEY AVENUE, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0022-2402 EI 1543-9542 J9 J MAR RES JI J. Mar. Res. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 72 IS 3 BP 183 EP 218 PG 36 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CG8SE UT WOS:000353581300003 ER PT J AU Bergeron, D Cessna, J Zimmerman, B AF Bergeron, Denis Cessna, Jeffrey Zimmerman, Brian TI Updated NIST standards for dose calibrator measurements of imaging and therapeutic nuclides SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Nuclear-Medicine-and-Molecular-Imaging (SNMMI) CY JUN 07-11, 2014 CL St Louis, MO SP Soc Nucl Med & Mol Imaging C1 [Bergeron, Denis; Cessna, Jeffrey; Zimmerman, Brian] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 EI 1535-5667 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 55 SU 1 MA 2151 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CR6FA UT WOS:000361438104312 ER PT J AU Bergeron, D Cessna, J Zimmerman, B AF Bergeron, Denis Cessna, Jeffrey Zimmerman, Brian TI Updated NIST standards for dose calibrator measurements of imaging and therapeutic nuclides SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Nuclear-Medicine-and-Molecular-Imaging (SNMMI) CY JUN 07-11, 2014 CL St Louis, MO SP Soc Nucl Med & Mol Imaging C1 [Bergeron, Denis; Cessna, Jeffrey; Zimmerman, Brian] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 EI 1535-5667 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 55 SU 1 MA 2151 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CR6FA UT WOS:000361438103322 ER PT J AU Frey, E Green, A Lassmann, M Ljungberg, M Poli, GL Zimmerman, B AF Frey, Eric Green, Alan Lassmann, Michael Ljungberg, Michael Poli, Gian Luca Zimmerman, Brian TI International intercomparison of absolute quantification in nuclear medicine SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Nuclear-Medicine-and-Molecular-Imaging (SNMMI) CY JUN 07-11, 2014 CL St Louis, MO SP Soc Nucl Med & Mol Imaging C1 [Frey, Eric] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Lassmann, Michael] Univ Wurzburg, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany. [Zimmerman, Brian] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ljungberg, Michael] Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. [Poli, Gian Luca] IAEA, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Green, Alan] NPL, London, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 EI 1535-5667 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 55 SU 1 MA 55 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CR6FA UT WOS:000361438100056 ER PT J AU Amin, R Lewis, D Gould, RW Hou, WL Lawson, A Ondrusek, M Arnone, R AF Amin, Ruhul Lewis, David Gould, Richard W. Hou, Weilin Lawson, Adam Ondrusek, Michael Arnone, Robert TI Assessing the Application of Cloud-Shadow Atmospheric Correction Algorithm on HICO SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric correction; cloud-shadow; hyperspectral imagery; ocean color; remote sensing ID WATER; REFLECTANCE; MODEL; PARAMETER; RADIANCE; IMAGERY; COLOR AB Several ocean color earth observation satellite sensors are presently collecting daily imagery, including the Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO). HICO has been operating aboard the International Space Station since its installation on September 24, 2009. It provides high spatial resolution hyperspectral imagery optimized for the coastal ocean. Atmospheric correction, however, still remains a challenge for this sensor, particularly in optically complex coastal waters. In this paper, we assess the application of the cloud-shadow atmospheric correction approach on HICO data and validate the results with the in situ data. We also use multiple sets of cloud, shadow, and sunlit pixels to correct a single image multiple times and intercompare the results to assess variability in the retrieved reflectance spectra. Retrieved chlorophyll values from this intercomparison are similar and also agree well with the in situ chlorophyll measurements. C1 [Amin, Ruhul; Lewis, David; Gould, Richard W.; Hou, Weilin; Lawson, Adam; Arnone, Robert] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Ondrusek, Michael] NOAA, NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Amin, R (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM ruhul.amin@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Ondrusek, Michael/F-5617-2010 OI Ondrusek, Michael/0000-0002-5311-9094 FU Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing FX This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory and the Office of Naval Research and in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing to M. Ondrusek. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA, NRL, or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2014 VL 52 IS 5 BP 2646 EP 2653 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2264166 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AC4IN UT WOS:000332484700029 ER PT J AU Kim, W He, T Wang, DD Cao, CY Liang, SL AF Kim, Wonkook He, Tao Wang, Dongdong Cao, Changyong Liang, Shunlin TI Assessment of Long-Term Sensor Radiometric Degradation Using Time Series Analysis SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Landsat 5; Libyan Desert; Sonoran Desert; time series analysis; vicarious calibration ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CALIBRATION; MODELS; VEGETATION; SURFACE; DESERT; SITES; TM AB The monitoring of top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance time series provides useful information regarding the long-term degradation of satellite sensors. For a precise assessment of sensor degradation, the TOA reflectance time series is usually corrected for surface and atmospheric anisotropy by using bidirectional reflectance models so that the angular effects do not compromise the trend estimates. However, the models sometimes fail to correct the angular effects, particularly for spectral bands that exhibit a large seasonal oscillation due to atmospheric variability. This paper investigates the use of time series algorithms to identify both the angular effects and the atmospheric variability simultaneously in the time domain using their periodical patterns within the time series. Two nonstationary time series algorithms were tested with the Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper time series data acquired over two pseudoinvariant desert sites, the Sonoran and Libyan Deserts, to compute a precise long-term trend of the time series by removing the seasonal variability. The trending results of the time series algorithms were compared to those of the original TOA reflectance time series and those normalized by a widely used bidirectional-reflectance-distribution-function model. The time series results showed an effective removal of seasonal oscillation, caused by angular and atmospheric effects, producing trending results that have a higher statistical significance than other approaches. C1 [Kim, Wonkook; He, Tao; Wang, Dongdong; Liang, Shunlin] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Kim, Wonkook] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Korea Ocean Satellite Ctr, Ansan 425600, South Korea. [Cao, Changyong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Kim, W (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM wonkook@umd.edu; the@umd.edu; ddwang@umd.edu; changyong.cao@noaa.gov; sliang@umd.edu RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; He, Tao/H-5130-2012; Wang, Dongdong/M-1969-2014; liang, shunlin/C-2809-2015 OI He, Tao/0000-0003-2079-7988; Wang, Dongdong/0000-0002-2076-576X; FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX09AN36G] FX This work was supported in part by Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Series calibration funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Award NNX09AN36G. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2014 VL 52 IS 5 BP 2960 EP 2976 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2268161 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AC4IN UT WOS:000332484700055 ER PT J AU Sahin, I Simaan, MA Kearsley, AJ AF Sahin, Ismet Simaan, Marwan A. Kearsley, Anthony J. TI Successive frequency domain minimization for time delay estimation SO SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Time delays; Delay systems; Discrete Fourier Transform; Frequency domain methods; Successive minimization ID SIGNALS AB Estimating time delays for signal alignment is important for many applications. This paper extends a successful frequency domain cost function minimization algorithm capable of estimating time delays to within a fraction of sampling periods. Since the function has a narrow basin of attraction around the global minimum, this method often diverges when initial time delay estimates are not sufficiently close to the desired optimal time delays. We propose a second order successive minimization method with reduced sensitivity to initial guesses. Both an analytic expression for the cost function Hessian matrix and a condition guaranteeing positive-definiteness are presented. This condition facilitates the construction of sequentially modified cost functions whose nested minimization increases the basin of attraction around the global minimum. This successive minimization technique is more robust and yields higher accuracy when compared to the original method and the well-known method of Cross Correlator (CC). (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sahin, Ismet; Kearsley, Anthony J.] NIST, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Simaan, Marwan A.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Harris Engn Ctr 247D, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Sahin, I (reprint author), NIST, Math & Computat Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8910, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM isahin@gmail.com; simaan@eecs.ucf.edu; anthony.kearsley@nist.gov FU National Institute for Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program Award through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H026] FX Ismet Sahin acknowledges support under the National Institute for Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program Award 70NANB10H026 through the University of Maryland. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-1684 EI 1879-2677 J9 SIGNAL PROCESS JI Signal Process. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 98 BP 96 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.sigpro.2013.10.025 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AB2AI UT WOS:000331595000008 ER EF