FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Stow, CA AF Stow, Craig A. TI The news from Saginaw Bay: Where the mussels are strong, the walleye are good-looking, and all the phosphorus is above average SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID GREAT-LAKES; HURON C1 NOAA Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Stow, CA (reprint author), NOAA Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM craig.stow@noaa.gov OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 40 SU 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.jglr:2014.04.006 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI1TH UT WOS:000336637200001 ER PT J AU Stow, CA Dyble, J Kashian, DR Johengen, TH Winslow, KP Peacor, SD Francoeur, SN Burtner, AM Palladino, D Morehead, N Gossiaux, D Cha, Y Qian, SS Miller, D AF Stow, Craig A. Dyble, Juli Kashian, Donna R. Johengen, Thomas H. Winslow, Kimberly Peters Peacor, Scott D. Francoeur, Steven N. Burtner, Ashley M. Palladino, Danna Morehead, Nancy Gossiaux, Duane Cha, YoonKyung Qian, Song S. Miller, Dianna TI Phosphorus targets and eutrophication objectives in Saginaw Bay: A 35 year assessment SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AOC; Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement; Eutrophication; Dreissenid mussels ID MUSSEL DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; LAKE-HURON; ZEBRA MUSSEL; GREAT-LAKES; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; COLONIZATION; CHLOROPHYLL; COMMUNITY; ALGAE; RIVER AB An aggregated view of total phosphorus and chlorophyll a in Saginaw Bay indicates that concentrations of both constituents declined approximately in concert with declining total phosphorus (P) loads stabilizing by the late 1980s. A more spatially focused view reveals that total phosphorus declines outside of the Saginaw River plume, accompanied by more subtle chlorophyll a decreases. In contrast, soluble reactive phosphorus and ammonia have recently declined throughout the bay, while nitrate has remained relatively stable. Concentration data from nearshore transects do not exhibit large differences from open-water sample sites. The 440 tonne P/year target phosphorus load established in the 1978 amendments to the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement has almost never been met, and total phosphorus concentrations regularly exceed the 15 mu g/L concentration objective proposed in documentation supporting the 1978 amendments. Seasonal patterns in both total phosphorus and chlorophyll a are more pronounced in the most recent data, with peaks occurring in September October. This apparently evolving seasonal pattern may result from seasonal changes in Saginaw River flow inputs, or seasonal variation in dreissenid mussel feeding and filtration rates. The adaptive management framework stipulated in the 2012 Great Lakes Water Quality Protocol should promote better monitoring of Saginaw Bay water quality into the future, with enhanced opportunities to better understand the factors that have maintained ongoing eutrophication symptoms. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Stow, Craig A.; Dyble, Juli; Morehead, Nancy; Gossiaux, Duane] NOAA Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Kashian, Donna R.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Johengen, Thomas H.; Burtner, Ashley M.; Palladino, Danna; Cha, YoonKyung] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Winslow, Kimberly Peters; Peacor, Scott D.; Miller, Dianna] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Francoeur, Steven N.] Eastern Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA. [Qian, Song S.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Stow, CA (reprint author), NOAA Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM craig.stow@noaa.gov OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855; Morehead, Nancy/0000-0003-3859-3035 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research; AgBioResearch of Michigan State University; NOM GLERL boat crew and marine instrumentation laboratory; numerous summer fellows; GLERL [1671] FX This research was sponsored by a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research. SDP acknowledges support from AgBioResearch of Michigan State University. Sample collection was made possible by the NOM GLERL boat crew and marine instrumentation laboratory and was supported by numerous summer fellows. Lauren Fry produced the Saginaw Bay map. GLERL contribution number 1671. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 40 SU 1 SI SI BP 4 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.10.003 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI1TH UT WOS:000336637200002 ER PT J AU He, CS Zhang, LH DeMarchi, C Croley, TE AF He, Chansheng Zhang, Lanhui DeMarchi, Carlo Croley, Thomas E., II TI Estimating point and non-point source nutrient loads in the Saginaw Bay watersheds SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Nutrient loading; Nonpoint source pollution (NPS); Combined sewer overflows (CSOs); Saginaw Bay Watersheds ID GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; MODEL; INTEGRATION; RUNOFF AB Databases of point sources including combined sewer overflows (CSOs) were acquired from the governmental agencies to map the occurrences and magnitude of the CSOs. Multiple databases of land use, topography, hydrography, soils, and agricultural statistics were used to estimate nonpoint source loading potential in the Saginaw Bay Basin, Michigan. Animal manure production was computed from tabulations of animals by 5-digit zip code area for the census years of 1987, 1992, 1997, and 2002. Fertilizer applications for both urban and agricultural land uses were calculated from county fertilizer estimates for the same periods. Results indicate that point sources from municipalities, industrial sectors and business entities contribute approximately 25% of the total phosphorus load to Saginaw Bay, with the remainder being accounted for by nonpoint source contributions. While the total amount of nutrients (N and P) from animal manure and fertilizer applications and atmospheric deposition declined in the Saginaw Bay Basin, fertilizer applications in non-farmland increased significantly. Estimation of nutrient loading potential at 5-digit zip code level reveals more detailed spatial variation and critical areas of nutrient loading than county level data for implementation of targeted water quality programs. (C) 2014 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [He, Chansheng] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geog, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [He, Chansheng; Zhang, Lanhui] Lanzhou Univ, Key Lab West Chinas Environm Syst, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [DeMarchi, Carlo] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Croley, Thomas E., II] Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP He, CS (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geog, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM he@wmich.edu FU NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research [NA07NOS4780198]; U.S. Geological Survey State Water Resources Research Institute Program [2012MI203B] FX Partial support is provided from the NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (NA07NOS4780198) and the U.S. Geological Survey State Water Resources Research Institute Program (2012MI203B). We are grateful to the editors and the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 78 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 40 SU 1 SI SI BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.01.013 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI1TH UT WOS:000336637200003 ER PT J AU Hawley, N Redder, T Beletsky, R Verhamme, E Beletsky, D DePinto, JV AF Hawley, Nathan Redder, Todd Beletsky, Raisa Verhamme, Edward Beletsky, Dmitry DePinto, Joseph V. TI Sediment resuspension in Saginaw Bay SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WAVE PREDICTION MODEL; LAKE-MICHIGAN; SETTLING VELOCITY; PARTICLES; TRANSPORT; ERIE AB An integrated hydrodynamic and sediment transport model was applied to Saginaw Bay for the ice-free portions of 2009 and 2010. Observations of surface waves and suspended sediment concentration made during the spring of both years were used to constrain the model and to validate the model output. The results show that sediment resuspension in both the inner and outer bay is due almost entirely to surface wave action, and that the bulk of the resuspension events occur during the fall of each year. Although the model accurately predicted the occurrence of resuspension events, it did not always accurately simulate the amount of material resuspended. Because resuspension mixes bottom sediment into the water column and makes it and associated nutrients available to the biota, the effects of sediment resuspension need to be accounted for in any water quality model of the bay. Better specification of both the surface waves and the initial specification of the bottom sediment would probably improve the performance of the model. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Hawley, Nathan] Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Redder, Todd; Verhamme, Edward; DePinto, Joseph V.] Limno Tech, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Beletsky, Raisa; Beletsky, Dmitry] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, CILER, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Hawley, N (reprint author), Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM Nathan.Hawley@noaa.gov OI Beletsky, Dmitry/0000-0003-4532-0588 FU Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL); NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research; GLERL [1686] FX This research was supported by funds from the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) and from the NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research. We thank the GLERL personnel in the Marine Instrumentation Laboratory and the Vessel Operations Group for the assistance and support during the field operations. This is GLERL contribution # 1686. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 40 SU 1 SI SI BP 18 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.11.010 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI1TH UT WOS:000336637200004 ER PT J AU Francoeur, SN Winslow, KP Miller, D Stow, CA Cha, Y Peacor, SD AF Francoeur, Steven N. Winslow, Kimberly Peters Miller, Dianna Stow, Craig A. Cha, YoonKyung Peacor, Scott D. TI Spatial and temporal patterns of macroscopic benthic primary producers in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Benthic algae; Charophytes; Macrophytes; Invasive species ID MUSSEL DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; ZEBRA MUSSEL; SUBMERGED MACROPHYTES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ALGAL COMMUNITY; CLADOPHORA; ABUNDANCE; ERIE; COLONIZATION AB We investigated spatial and temporal patterns in macroscopic benthic primary producer biomass, production, and composition in inner Saginaw Bay in 2009 and 2010. Charophytes and filamentous algae (FA) were relatively abundant, and vascular macrophytes were less common. The probability of benthic primary producer presence increased with the proportion of benthic substrate composed of rock. Most benthic primary producer biomass occurred at depths of 2-4 m, with very little biomass observed beyond 4 m deep. Charophyte and vascular macrophyte abundances displayed consistent patterns related to distance from the mouth of the Saginaw River. FA abundance also displayed such patterns, but they reversed between 2009 and 2010. Macrophytic benthic primary producer communities were generally dominated by charophytes. Three genera of vascular macrophytes, including Myriophyllum, were also observed. Filamentous algal communities were composed of a mixture of FA taxa. Ten FA genera were observed, including the red alga Compsopogon. Dominance of Compsopogon was related to low water clarity and low TP. Biomass-based benthic production estimates indicated that charophytes and FA strongly dominated macroscopic benthic production; production of vascular macrophytes was relatively low. The observed relationships of abundance and environmental conditions suggested regulation of benthic producer biomass by a shifting mosaic of substratum, nutrient, and light availabilities. The diverse nature of the benthic producer community could complicate understanding and management of excess benthic biomass and beach fouling in Saginaw Bay. (C) 2014 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Francoeur, Steven N.] Eastern Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA. [Winslow, Kimberly Peters; Miller, Dianna; Peacor, Scott D.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Cha, YoonKyung] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosystems Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Francoeur, SN (reprint author), Eastern Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA. EM esteve.francoeur@emich.edu OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center [1695]; AgBioResearch of Michigan State University FX This research was sponsored by a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research. GLERL contribution number 1695. We thank Juli Dyble, Gary Fahnenstiel, Tom Johengen, Donna Kashian and R. Jan Stevenson for input into study design, Dr. Larry "Harris" Taylor for diving instruction, Lois Wolfson for the kind loan of a pontoon boat, and the Linwood Beach Marina for their continual support, advice, and concern for our safety. Ashley Burtner, Mary Bammer, Chris Henry, Holly Kernick, Ryan MacWilliams, Bill Oeming, Isaac Standish, Rachel Teets, Erin Tessens, and Whitney Woelmer assisted with field and laboratory tasks. SDP acknowledges support from AgBioResearch of Michigan State University. NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 40 SU 1 SI SI BP 53 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.01.011 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI1TH UT WOS:000336637200007 ER PT J AU Tang, HJ Vanderploeg, HA Johengen, TH Liebig, JR AF Tang, Huijuan Vanderploeg, Henry A. Johengen, Thomas H. Liebig, James R. TI Quagga mussel (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) selective feeding of phytoplankton in Saginaw Bay SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Selective feeding; Quagga mussels; Phytoplankton community; Saginaw Bay ID ZEBRA MUSSEL; LAKE-HURON; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; GREAT-LAKES; NONTOXIC CYANOBACTERIA; POLYMORPHA INVASION; NATURAL SESTON; CELL-VOLUME; FILTRATION; ERIE AB Experiments from May to December measuring selective grazing and egestion of different phytoplankton taxa in natural Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron) seston by shallow-water morph quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis rostriformis) showed that the mussels were highly selective filter feeders and that their net clearance rates on different species ranged widely, resulting in food consumption that was strongly driven by seasonal phytoplankton dynamics. Overall, net clearance rates by quagga mussels on the entire phytoplankton assemblage were similar to those observed for zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) during the 1990s. Phytoplankton taxon, rather than size, was more important to food selection since quagga mussels cleared similar sized but different species of algae at very different rates. In contrast to many studies with zebra mussels, larger-sized algae such as Dinobryon divergens, Aulacoseira italica, Fragilaria crotonensis, and Anabaena were cleared at high rates and rejected at lower rates than many smaller species within the same broad taxonomic group. We suspect that these differences between dreissenid species do not stem from species differences but methodological factors and phytoplankton composition of systems studied. Small-sized diatoms, green algae with thick cell walls (Scenedesmus and Oocystis), and colonial cyanobacteria with gelatinous sheaths (Aphanocapsa, Chroococcus, and Microcystis) were cleared at low rates and rejected in high proportion in pseudofeces or feces during all seasons. We describe the likely mechanisms of pre- and post-ingestive behavior that explain these differences, which relate to phytoplankton size, morphology, cell wall characteristics, and chemical composition. Changes in the Great Lakes phytoplankton communities are consistent with mussel grazing preferences. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Tang, Huijuan] South China Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Vanderploeg, Henry A.; Liebig, James R.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Johengen, Thomas H.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosystems Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Vanderploeg, HA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM tanghj@scau.edu.cn; heray.vanderploeg@noaa.gov; tom.johengen@noaa.gov; jim.liebig@noaa.gov OI Liebig, James/0000-0002-0433-9066 FU Chinese Natural Science Foundation [30800145]; NOAA CSCOR Project Managing Multiple Stressors in Saginaw Bay FX We thank Ashley Burtner, Dana Palladino, and Joann Cavaletto for help in carrying out the experiments. The comments by the reviewers were very helpful for improving the presentation. This research was supported by the Chinese Natural Science Foundation (No. 30800145) and NOAA CSCOR Project Managing Multiple Stressors in Saginaw Bay. This is GLERL Contribution No. 1689. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 11 U2 81 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 40 SU 1 SI SI BP 83 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.11.011 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI1TH UT WOS:000336637200010 ER PT J AU Lavrentyev, PJ Vanderploeg, HA Franze, G Chacin, DH Liebig, JR Johengen, TH AF Lavrentyev, Peter J. Vanderploeg, Henry A. Franze, Gayantonia Chacin, Dinorah H. Liebig, James R. Johengen, Thomas H. TI Microzooplankton distribution, dynamics, and trophic interactions relative to phytoplankton and quagga mussels in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ciliates; Herbivory; Lake Huron; Dreissena; Quagga mussel; Microcystis ID CYANOBACTERIUM MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA COLONIZATION; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; MICROBIAL FOOD-WEB; ST-LAWRENCE-RIVER; ZEBRA MUSSEL; GRAZING IMPACT; PHYSIOLOGICAL ENERGETICS; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; NITROGEN DYNAMICS AB Invasive quagga mussels have recently replaced zebra mussels as the dominant filter-feeding bivalves in the Great Lakes. This study examined microzooplankton (i.e., grazers <200 mu m) and their trophic interactions with phytoplankton, bacteria, and bivalve mussels in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, following the zebra to quagga mussel shift. Microzooplankton distribution displayed strong spatial and temporal variability (1.73-28.5 mu g C/L) relative to phytoplankton distribution. Ciliates were the dominant component especially in the spring and early summer. Rotifers and dinoflagellates increased toward late summer/fall in the inner and outer parts of the bay, respectively. Microzooplankton grazing matched bacterial growth rates and removed ca. 30% of the phytoplankton standing stock in the <100 mu m size fraction per day. The greatest herbivory occurred at the site dominated by colonial cyanobacteria. Microzooplankton, which comprised <4% of the quagga mussels prey field (i.e. available prey), contributed 77% and 34% to the quagga carbon-based diet during Microcystis and diatom blooms, respectively. Feeding on microzooplankton could buffer mussels during lean periods, or supplement other consumed resources, particularly during noxious cyanobacterial blooms. The results of this study demonstrate that microzooplankton are a resilient and critical component of the Saginaw Bay ecosystem. (C) 2013 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lavrentyev, Peter J.; Franze, Gayantonia; Chacin, Dinorah H.] Univ Akron, Dept Biol, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Vanderploeg, Henry A.; Liebig, James R.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Johengen, Thomas H.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Lavrentyev, PJ (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Biol, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM peter3@uakron.edu OI Liebig, James/0000-0002-0433-9066 FU NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (CSCOR) and NSF REU program FX This study was supported by NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (CSCOR) and NSF REU program. We thank Julianne Dyble, Joann Cavaletto, and David Fans low (NOAA GLERL), Nicholas Sousaris (the University of Akron), and Ashley Burtner and Danna Palladino (the University of Michigan CILER) for logistical support and field and laboratory assistance. The manuscript benefited from discussion and criticisms provided by Mark McCarthy and two anonymous reviewers. NR 100 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 10 U2 79 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 40 SU 1 SI SI BP 95 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.jgrl.2013.11.012 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI1TH UT WOS:000336637200011 ER PT J AU Pothoven, SA Hook, TO AF Pothoven, Steven A. Hoeoek, Tomas O. TI Predatory demands of Bythotrephes and Leptodora in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Zooplankton; Predator-prey; Consumption models; Lake Huron ID CRUSTACEAN ZOOPLANKTON; NATIVE MACROINVERTEBRATES; INVERTEBRATE PREDATOR; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; SPECIES INVASION; NEUSIEDLER-SEE; YELLOW PERCH; LONGIMANUS; MICHIGAN; CLADOCERAN AB Predatory invertebrates can be a major factor in structuring zooplankton communities. We collected zooplankton and the predatory cladocerans Bythotrephes longimanus and Leptodora kindtii at 4 stations in inner Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron during May-October 2009 and April-November 2010. Production of zooplankton prey was estimated using temperature and biomass based empirical models. Population consumption rates of Bythotrephes and Leptodora were estimated using a combination of conversion efficiency, bioenergetics and experimental based models. Bythotrephes biomass peaked in July of 2009 and 2010, and in 2010, the biomass rebounded in the fall after a late summer decline. Leptodora biomass was generally lower than that of Bythotrephes except in June 2009 and August 2010. Zooplankton biomass, production and composition showed strong seasonal patterns, with biomass more than tripling between May and June each year, largely due to an increase in biomass of Daphnia in June. By contrast, total zooplankton biomass declined by over 70% between June and July owing to declines in Daphnia biomass. Population consumption by predatory cladocerans was a large percentage or even exceeded prey production during July and August in Saginaw Bay regardless of which consumption models were used. This short term (<2 months) but pronounced predation capacity of predatory cladocerans in Saginaw Bay was mainly due to consumption by Bythotrephes rather than Leptodora. Bythotrephes likely play an important role in food web function and should be accounted for when evaluating the flow of energy within the Laurentian Great Lakes systems. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Hoeoek, Tomas O.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Pothoven, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM steve.pothoven@noaa.gov; thook@purdue.edu OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research; GLERL [1673] FX We thank those who helped in the field and laboratory, especially C. Roswell, B. Coggins, J. Militello, J. Comben, J. Cavaletto, A. Yagiela, and J. Workman. Project funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research. This work is GLERL contribution 1673. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 40 SU 1 SI SI BP 106 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.07.005 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI1TH UT WOS:000336637200012 ER PT J AU Sesterhenn, TM Roswell, CR Stein, SR Klaver, P Verhamme, E Pothoven, SA Hook, TO AF Sesterhenn, Timothy M. Roswell, Charles R. Stein, Sarah R. Klaver, Peter Verhamme, Edward Pothoven, Steven A. Hoeoek, Tomas O. TI Modeling the implications of multiple hatching sites for larval dynamics in the resurgent Saginaw Bay walleye population SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Portfolio effect; Particle transport model; Bioenergetics; Larva; Saginaw Bay; Walleye ID STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM-VITREUM; WESTERN LAKE-ERIE; PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; SANDER-VITREUS; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; BIOPHYSICAL MODEL; WATER-QUALITY; GREAT-LAKES; RECRUITMENT; MICHIGAN AB The early life environment experienced by most larval fish is largely dependent on a combination of hatch site and water currents. Until larvae are able to swim fast enough to overcome currents, they are largely passively transported and have limited control over ambient environmental conditions, including temperature and prey availability. These factors strongly influence growth and survival of larvae, with direct consequences for subsequent recruitment. Early life survival of Saginaw Bay walleye was formerly limited by alewife predation on larvae; but following the collapse of Lake Huron alewives, the walleye population has rebounded and recruitment success may now be influenced by other factors including spawning habitat. We sought to assess the implications of successful hatching at multiple locations in Saginaw Bay, using a hydrodynamics model, particle transport model, and an individual-based bioenergetics model in series. Model results were compared to locations of young larvae collected in Saginaw Bay during 2009-2010. Results suggest that larval growth is strongly influenced by hatch date, driven by seasonal variation in temperature between sites. Larvae hatched at any location could be transported extensively within inner Saginaw Bay before reaching a sufficient size to swim independently of currents, and retention within the productive inner bay varied among years and sites. Our results indicate multiple larval walleye origins in the field, augmenting the continued production from the Saginaw River system. Successful hatching at more locations would serve to buffer walleye recruitment variation through portfolio effects, supporting arguments for more emphasis on diverse spawning habitat management and restoration. (C) 2013 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sesterhenn, Timothy M.; Roswell, Charles R.; Stein, Sarah R.; Hoeoek, Tomas O.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Klaver, Peter; Verhamme, Edward] LimnoTech, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. RP Sesterhenn, TM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marstellar St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM tmsesterhenn@gmail.com; croswell@illinois.edu; steins@purdue.edu; pklaver@limno.com; everhamme@limno.com; steve.pothoven@noaa.gov; thook@purdue.edu OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 FU National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research; GLERL [1687] FX We would like to thank Courtney Blouzdis, Beth Coggins, Carolyn Foley, and Jared Militello for the assistance in the field and laboratory, as well as Jack Workman and other members of the NOAA boat crews. We also acknowledge the helpful suggestions of two anonymous reviewers who helped to improve this manuscript. This work is part of the Saginaw Bay Multiple Stressors project funded by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research. This is GLERL contribution #1687. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 40 SU 1 SI SI BP 113 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.09.022 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI1TH UT WOS:000336637200013 ER PT J AU Roswell, CR Pothoven, SA Hook, TO AF Roswell, Charles R. Pothoven, Steven A. Hoeoek, Tomas O. TI Patterns of age-0 yellow perch growth, diets, and mortality in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Saginaw Bay; Age-0; Yellow perch; Growth; Diets; Size-selective mortality ID SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; ONEIDA-LAKE; NEW-YORK; LARGEMOUTH BASS; WHITE PERCH; BODY-SIZE; OVERWINTER MORTALITY; DEPENDENT PREDATION; WINTER MORTALITY AB Identifying mechanisms influencing early-life survival may elucidate recruitment variability of fish populations. Yellow perch (Perca flavescens), are economically and ecologically important in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, but have recently experienced low recruitment despite strong production of age-0 fish. Recent year classes have been characterized by slow first-year growth, as indexed by fall size of age-0 yellow perch; however, seasonal growth patterns and accompanying diet and survivorship patterns have not been documented for age-0 yellow perch in Saginaw Bay. To this end, we collected age-0 yellow perch weekly (larvae) and monthly (juveniles) throughout the first year of life during 2009 and 2010 to track changes in growth and diet composition. We also evaluated predation and over-winter energy-loss as potential mechanisms of size-selective mortality. Yellow perch growth, energy accumulation and size-specific condition decreased during late summer and fall. During larval and juvenile stages, predominant components of yellow perch diets transitioned from copepods to Daphnia and other zooplanlkton; however, we observed only weak ontogenetic shifts toward benthic prey. Smaller yellow perch a) were preferentially preyed upon by walleye (the bay's main piscivore) and b) displayed lower mass-specific energy content, potentially increasing overwinter starvation risk, suggesting that slow growth increases mortality risk. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that recruitment dynamics are influenced by an interplay of size-selective mortality and diet-induced reductions in growth. (C) 2014 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Roswell, Charles R.; Hoeoek, Tomas O.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Hoeoek, Tomas O.] Purdue Univ, Illinois Indiana Sea Grant, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Hook, TO (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM thook@purdue.edu OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research; NOAA-GLERL [1697] FX We thank the following individuals for assistance with field collections and laboratory analyses: J. Cavaletto, B. Coggins, C. Foley, S. Lyttle, J. Militello, A. Roswell, and A. Spikes, J. Workman, and many undergraduate laboratory assistants. Comments from two anonymous reviewers helped improve this manuscript. This study was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research. This is NOAA-GLERL contribution 1697. NR 71 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 40 SU 1 SI SI BP 123 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.01.008 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI1TH UT WOS:000336637200014 ER PT J AU Pothoven, SA Hook, TO Roswell, CR AF Pothoven, Steven A. Hoeoek, Tomas O. Roswell, Charles R. TI Energy content of young yellow perch and walleye in Saginaw Bay SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Allometry; Lake Huron; Energy allocation; Seasonality; Winter survival ID WINTER MORTALITY; FISH; POPULATION; ALLOMETRY; MICHIGAN; STORAGE; GROWTH; HURON; LAKE AB We evaluated seasonal energy content of age-0 yellow perch Perca flavescens and walleye Sander vitreus in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron in 2009 and 2010. We also determined the energy content of age-1 fish from the 2009 and 2010 cohorts the following spring (i.e., for fish that had survived one winter) to evaluate overwinter energy losses. As expected, larger fish within each species had disproportionately higher energy content (i.e., slope relating length and energy >3.0) than smaller conspecifics. By contrast to expectations, allometric slopes were >3.0 in nearly all months, not just the fall, and were higher for age-0 yellow perch than for walleye, even though increased allocation to growth would have seemingly been beneficial to even the largest yellow perch during summer. Seasonal energy allocation patterns differed between years. In 2009, length specific energy content increased from late summer to fall for both species. However, for the 2010 cohorts of fish, length specific energy content decreased between late summer and fall for yellow perch and did not change for walleye. There were 13-17% overwinter declines in length specific energy content between the fall (October or November) and the spring (May) with no major differences between cohorts within a species or between species for a given year. Because young yellow perch and walleye are similar physiologically but differ in size (i.e., yellow perch are smaller), it is possible that overwinter energy losses are more important for yellow perch than for walleye. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great lakes Research. C1 [Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Hoeoek, Tomas O.; Roswell, Charles R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Pothoven, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM steve.pothoven@noaa.gov; thook@purdue.edu; croswell@illinois.edu OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research; GLERL [1690] FX We thank those who helped in the field and laboratory, especially B. Coggins, J. Militello, A. Roswell, J. Comben, J. Cavaletto, J. Elliott, A. Zantello, A. Yagiela, and J. Workman. Project funding provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research. GLERL contribution 1690. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 40 SU 1 SI SI BP 133 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.10.002 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI1TH UT WOS:000336637200015 ER PT J AU Pothoven, SA Hook, TO Roswell, CR AF Pothoven, Steven A. Hoeoek, Tomas O. Roswell, Charles R. TI Feeding ecology of age-0 lake whitefish in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ontogeny; Coregonus clupeaformis; Zooplanktivory; Larval fish ID COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; YELLOW PERCH; ZOOPLANKTON; MICHIGAN; GROWTH; SIZE; ABUNDANCE; RECRUITMENT; ONTARIO; FISH AB Age-0 lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis (11-160 mm total length) were collected from Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron during April-November 2009 and 2010 for diet analysis and for the evaluation of ontogenetic changes in feeding ecology. Lake whitefish <= 50 mm ate mainly zooplankton, after which their diets switched mainly to benthic macroinvertebrates. Cyclopoida were the dominant prey consumed by very small lake whitefish (<17 mm) and the most frequently selected zooplankton type for individual small fish. Once lake whitefish reached 18-19 mm, Cyclopoida in the diet declined and cladocerans emerged as an important diet item. Daphnia were the most common cladoceran in the diets, but for fish 31-50 mm Bosminidae were also relatively important. Although the shift to Daphnia could represent an ontogenetic point when lake whitefish were large enough to effectively handle this prey, it also took place when the relative availability of Daphnia increased. Once lake whitefish were >50 mm, Chironomidae larvae became a dominant prey item and this shift to benthivory coincided with a 55% increase in length-adjusted energy content between June and July. However, as fish grew (around 110-120 mm), Sphaeriidae and the benthic zooplankton Chydoridae became increasingly important in the diet. As these less energetically rich prey were incorporated into the diet, there were corresponding 21 and 15% decreases in length-adjusted energy content from July to August and September, respectively. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Hoeoek, Tomas O.; Roswell, Charles R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Pothoven, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM steve.pothoven@noaa.gov; thook@purdue.edu; croswell@illinois.edu OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center FX We thank those who helped in the field and laboratory, especially B. Coggins, J. Militello, J. Elliott, J. Comben, J. Cavaletto, C. Shoultz, C. Blouzdis, C. Foley, A. Yagiela, and J. Workman. Project funding was provided in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research. GLERL contribution 1675. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 40 SU 1 SI SI BP 148 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.09.016 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI1TH UT WOS:000336637200017 ER PT J AU Nyadjro, ES Subrahmanyam, B AF Nyadjro, Ebenezer S. Subrahmanyam, Bulusu TI SMOS Mission Reveals the Salinity Structure of the Indian Ocean Dipole SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Indian ocean; IOD; ocean salinity; salt budget; SMOS ID SEA-SURFACE SALINITY; LAYER SALINITY; PACIFIC-OCEAN; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION AB This letter reports the European Space Agency's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) observations of the sea surface salinity (SSS) structure during an Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) event. Comparisons with Argo data show that the SMOS satellite is able to resolve the observed SSS pattern in the Indian Ocean despite some challenges in the northern Indian Ocean. Results of box averages for the Java Sumatra Coast (JSC) and South Central Indian Ocean (SCIO) regions show low SSS anomalies in the former and high SSS anomalies in the latter during the 2010 negative IOD event. Analyses of salt flux and salt budget terms suggest that, in the JSC region, salt tendency is an interplay between freshwater forcing and horizontal advection terms, with increased precipitation having a higher impact in driving SSS anomalies than advection. In the SCIO region, advection seems to be more important than the freshwater forcing term. C1 [Nyadjro, Ebenezer S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Subrahmanyam, Bulusu] Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Subrahmanyam, Bulusu] Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Nyadjro, ES (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-12-1-0454] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research under Award N00014-12-1-0454 awarded to B. Subrahmanyam. This work was performed in part while Ebenezer Sackitey Nyadjro held a National Research Council Research Associateship award at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 38 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1564 EP 1568 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2014.2301594 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AD2ZG UT WOS:000333105400023 ER PT J AU Dwyer, KJ Pomeroy, JM Simons, DS Steffens, KL Lau, JW AF Dwyer, K. J. Pomeroy, J. M. Simons, D. S. Steffens, K. L. Lau, J. W. TI Enriching Si-28 beyond 99.9998% for semiconductor quantum computing SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE quantum computing; enriched silicon; ion beam deposition ID ATOMIC-SCALE; SPIN QUBITS; SILICON; GERMANIUM; KILOGRAM; READOUT; STORAGE; SILANE; GROWTH AB Using a laboratory-scale apparatus, we enrich Si-28 and produce material with 40 times less residual Si-29 than previously reported. Starting from natural abundance silane gas, we offer an alternative to industrial gas centrifuges for providing materials critical for long spin coherence times in quantum information devices. Using a mass spectrometry approach, silicon ions are produced from commercial silane gas and the isotopes are separated in a magnetic sector analyzer before deposition onto a Si(1 0 0) substrate. Isotope fractions for Si-29 and Si-30 of < 1 x 10(-6) are found in the deposited films using secondary ion mass spectrometry. Additional assessments of the deposited films are also presented as we work to develop substrates and source material to support the growing silicon quantum computing community. Finally, we demonstrate modulation of the Si-29 concentration in a deposited film as a precursor to dual enrichment of heterostructures and compound materials such as (SiGe)-Si-28-Ge-74. C1 [Dwyer, K. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Dwyer, K. J.; Pomeroy, J. M.; Simons, D. S.; Steffens, K. L.; Lau, J. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dwyer, KJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM kevin.dwyer@nist.gov NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 32 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD AUG 30 PY 2014 VL 47 IS 34 AR 345105 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/47/34/345105 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AM9YI UT WOS:000340236700011 ER PT J AU Killgore, JP Tung, RC Hurley, DC AF Killgore, Jason P. Tung, Ryan C. Hurley, Donna C. TI Characterizing the free and surface-coupled vibrations of heated-tip atomic force microscope cantilevers SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; contact resonance; microheater ID ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; CRYSTALLIZATION; TRANSITION; POLYMERS; AFM AB Combining heated-tip atomic force microscopy (HT-AFM) with quantitative methods for determining surface mechanical properties, such as contact resonance force microscopy, creates an avenue for nanoscale thermomechanical property characterization. For nanomechanical methods that employ an atomic force microscope cantilever's vibrational modes, it is essential to understand how the vibrations of the U-shaped HT-AFM cantilever differ from those of a more traditional rectangular lever, for which analytical techniques are better developed. Here we show, with a combination of finite element analysis (FEA) and experiments, that the HT-AFM cantilever exhibits many more readily-excited vibrational modes over typical AFM frequencies compared to a rectangular cantilever. The arms of U-shaped HT-AFM cantilevers exhibit two distinct forms of flexural vibrations that differ depending on whether the two arms are vibrating in-phase or out-of-phase with one another. The in-phase vibrations are qualitatively similar to flexural vibrations in rectangular cantilevers and generally show larger sensitivity to surface stiffness changes than the out-of-phase vibrations. Vibration types can be identified from their frequency and by considering vibration amplitudes in the horizontal and vertical channels of the AFM at different laser spot positions on the cantilever. For identifying contact resonance vibrational modes, we also consider the sensitivity of the resonant frequencies to a change in applied force and hence to tip-sample contact stiffness. Finally, we assess how existing analytical models can be used to accurately predict contact stiffness from contact-resonance HT-AFM results. A simple two-parameter Euler-Bernoulli beam model provided good agreement with FEA for in-phase modes up to a contact stiffness 500 times the cantilever spring constant. By providing insight into cantilever vibrations and exploring the potential of current analysis techniques, our results lay the groundwork for future use of HT-AFM cantilevers for accurate nanomechanical property measurements. C1 [Killgore, Jason P.; Tung, Ryan C.; Hurley, Donna C.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Killgore, JP (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM killgore@nist.gov NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 29 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD AUG 29 PY 2014 VL 25 IS 34 AR 345701 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/25/34/345701 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AP1DR UT WOS:000341807100015 PM 25098183 ER PT J AU Maragh, S Miller, RA Bessling, SL Wang, GL Hook, PW McCallion, AS AF Maragh, Samantha Miller, Ronald A. Bessling, Seneca L. Wang, Guangliang Hook, Paul W. McCallion, Andrew S. TI Rbm24a and Rbm24b Are Required for Normal Somitogenesis SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PRE-MESSENGER-RNA; ALAGILLE-SYNDROME; SEGMENTATION CLOCK; ZEBRAFISH SOMITOGENESIS; VERTEBRATE SEGMENTATION; SOMITE SEGMENTATION; SPLICING REGULATOR; ZYGOTIC TRANSITION; RECOGNITION MOTIF; GENE-EXPRESSION AB We recently demonstrated that the gene encoding the RNA binding motif protein 24 (RBM24) is expressed during mouse cardiogenesis, and determined the developmental requirement for its zebrafish homologs Rbm24a and Rbm24b during cardiac development. We demonstrate here that both Rbm24a and Rbm24b are also required for normal somite and craniofacial development. Diminution of rbm24a or rbm24b gene products by morpholino knockdown resulted in significant disruption of somite formation. Detailed in situ hybridization-based analyses of a spectrum of somitogenesis-associated transcripts revealed reduced expression of the cyclic muscle pattering genes dlc and dld encoding Notch ligands, as well as their respective target genes her7, her1. By contrast expression of the Notch receptors notch1a and notch3 appears unchanged. Some RBM-family members have been implicated in pre-mRNA processing. Analysis of affected Notch-pathway mRNAs in rbm24a and rbm24b morpholino-injected embryos revealed aberrant transcript fragments of dlc and dld, but not her1 or her7, suggesting the reduction in transcription levels of Notch pathway components may result from aberrant processing of its ligands. These data imply a previously unknown requirement for Rbm24a and Rbm24b in somite and craniofacial development. Although we anticipate the influence of disrupting RBM24 homologs likely extends beyond the Notch pathway, our results suggest their perturbation may directly, or indirectly, compromise post-transcriptional processing, exemplified by imprecise processing of dlc and dld. C1 [Maragh, Samantha] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Maragh, Samantha; Miller, Ronald A.; Bessling, Seneca L.; Wang, Guangliang; Hook, Paul W.; McCallion, Andrew S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [McCallion, Andrew S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol & Comparat Pathobiol, Baltimore, MD USA. RP McCallion, AS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM amccall2@jhmi.edu FU Leducq Foundation [114254]; NIH/NHLBI [R01HL111267]; NIH [DK080730, DK090816]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This study was supported by the following grants: Leducq Foundation Award # 114254, NIH/NHLBI R01HL111267, NIH DK080730, and NIH DK090816. Author Samantha Maragh is supported by funds from National Institute of Standards and Technology. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 79 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 29 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 8 AR e105460 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0105460 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AO2EE UT WOS:000341127500050 PM 25170925 ER PT J AU Miller, MW Lohr, KE Cameron, CM Williams, DE Peters, EC AF Miller, Margaret W. Lohr, Kathryn E. Cameron, Caitlin M. Williams, Dana E. Peters, Esther C. TI Disease dynamics and potential mitigation among restored and wild staghorn coral, Acropora cervicornis SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Recovery; Histopathology; Florida Keys; Tropical storm; Incidence; Restoration ID WHITE-BAND DISEASE; CARIBBEAN SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; REEF CORALS; RESTORATION; OUTBREAK; FLORIDA; TRANSLOCATIONS; TRANSMISSION; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS AB The threatened status (both ecologically and legally) of Caribbean staghorn coral, Acropora cervicornis, has prompted rapidly expanding efforts in culture and restocking, although tissue loss diseases continue to affect populations. In this study, disease surveillance and histopathological characterization were used to compare disease dynamics and conditions in both restored and extant wild populations. Disease had devastating effects on both wild and restored populations, but dynamics were highly variable and appeared to be site-specific with no significant differences in disease prevalence between wild versus restored sites. A subset of 20 haphazardly selected colonies at each site observed over a four-month period revealed widely varying disease incidence, although not between restored and wild sites, and a case fatality rate of 8%. A tropical storm was the only discernable environmental trigger associated with a consistent spike in incidence across all sites. Lastly, two field mitigation techniques, (1) excision of apparently healthy branch tips froma diseased colony, and (2) placement of a band of epoxy fully enclosing the diseased margin, gave equivocal results with no significant benefit detected for either treatment compared to controls. Tissue condition of associated samples was fair to very poor; unsuccessful mitigation treatment samples had severe degeneration of mesenterial filament cnidoglandular bands. Polyp mucocytes in all samples were infected with suspect rickettsia-like organisms; however, no bacterial aggregates were found. No histological differences were found between disease lesions with gross signs fitting literature descriptions of white-band disease (WBD) and rapid tissue loss (RTL). Overall, our results do not support differing disease quality, quantity, dynamics, nor health management strategies between restored and wild colonies of A. cervicornis in the Florida Keys. C1 [Miller, Margaret W.; Cameron, Caitlin M.; Williams, Dana E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33165 USA. [Lohr, Kathryn E.; Cameron, Caitlin M.; Williams, Dana E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Peters, Esther C.] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Miller, MW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33165 USA. EM margaret.w.miller@noaa.gov OI Lohr, Kathryn/0000-0002-3580-3431 FU UNCW/Aquarius Reef Base program FX This study was made possible by support from UNCW/Aquarius Reef Base program. The work would not have been possible without the invaluable collaboration and support of K Nedimyer (Coral Restoration Foundation) for which we are truly honored and grateful. Additional assistance in the field from O Rutten, T Roberts, A Bright, and C Kiel is greatly appreciated. S Kang, P Pansoy, and W Norfolk provided support in the George Mason University Histology Laboratory. NR 68 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 21 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD AUG 28 PY 2014 VL 2 DI 10.7717/peerj.541 PG 30 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AY5NL UT WOS:000347619100003 PM 25210660 ER PT J AU Caplan-Auerbach, J Dziak, RP Bohnenstiehl, DR Chadwick, WW Lau, TK AF Caplan-Auerbach, J. Dziak, R. P. Bohnenstiehl, D. R. Chadwick, W. W. Lau, T. -K. TI Hydroacoustic investigation of submarine landslides at West Mata volcano, Lau Basin SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE West Mata; hydroacoustic; landslide ID CANARY-ISLANDS; SEISMIC-WAVES; COLLAPSE; ERUPTION; GROWTH AB Submarine landslides are an important process in volcano growth yet are rarely observed and poorly understood. We show that landslides occur frequently in association with the eruption of West Mata volcano in the NE Lau Basin. These events are identifiable in hydroacoustic data recorded between similar to 5 and 20km from the volcano and may be recognized in spectrograms by the weak and strong powers at specific frequencies generated by multipathing of sound waves. The summation of direct and surface-reflected arrivals causes interference patterns in the spectrum that change with time as the landslide propagates. Observed frequencies are consistent with propagation down the volcano's north flank in an area known to have experienced mass wasting in the past. These data allow us to estimate the distance traveled by West Mata landslides and show that they travel at average speeds of similar to 10-25m/s. C1 [Caplan-Auerbach, J.] Western Washington Univ, Geol Dept, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Dziak, R. P.; Chadwick, W. W.; Lau, T. -K.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dziak, R. P.; Chadwick, W. W.; Lau, T. -K.] NOAA, PMEL, Newport, OR USA. [Bohnenstiehl, D. R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Caplan-Auerbach, J (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Geol Dept, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. EM jackie@geol.wwu.edu NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 16 BP 5927 EP 5934 DI 10.1002/2014GL060964 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AQ4HT UT WOS:000342755400032 ER PT J AU Schroeder, ID Santora, JA Moore, AM Edwards, CA Fiechter, J Hazen, EL Bograd, SJ Field, JC Wells, BK AF Schroeder, Isaac D. Santora, Jarrod A. Moore, Andrew M. Edwards, Christopher A. Fiechter, Jerome Hazen, Elliott L. Bograd, Steven J. Field, John C. Wells, Brian K. TI Application of a data-assimilative regional ocean modeling system for assessing California Current System ocean conditions, krill, and juvenile rockfish interannual variability SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Gulf of the Farallones; forage; ROMS; preconditioning; ecosystem oceanography ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; TOP PREDATORS; SEBASTES; WIND; PRODUCTIVITY; PERFORMANCE; MONTEREY; ROMS AB To be robust and informative, marine ecosystem models and assessments require parameterized biophysical relationships that rely on realistic water column characteristics at appropriate spatial and temporal scales. We examine how hydrographic properties off California from 1990 through 2010 during late winter and spring correspond to krill and juvenile rockfish (Sebastes spp.) abundances. We evaluated coherence among temperature, salinity, depth of 26.0 potential density isopycnal, and stratification strength at regionally and monthly time scales derived from shipboard and mooring observations, and a data-assimilative Regional Ocean Model System reanalysis. The reanalysis captures spatiotemporal physical variability of coastal ocean conditions in winter and spring months and elucidates mechanisms connecting the spatial and temporal upwelling and transport dynamics on observed krill and rockfish abundances in spring. This provides evidence for a mechanistic connection between the phenology of upwelling in the California Current System and seasonal development of the shelf ecosystem. C1 [Schroeder, Isaac D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Div Phys & Biol Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Schroeder, Isaac D.; Hazen, Elliott L.; Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA Fisheries, Environm Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA USA. [Santora, Jarrod A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Santora, Jarrod A.; Field, John C.; Wells, Brian K.] NOAA Fisheries, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Moore, Andrew M.; Edwards, Christopher A.; Fiechter, Jerome] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Schroeder, ID (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Div Phys & Biol Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM isaac.schroeder@noaa.gov FU NOAA Integrated Ecosystem Assessment; National Science Foundation [OCE 1061434] FX Funding was provided by NOAA Integrated Ecosystem Assessment. B. Marinovic provided krill data from RREAS. MBARI provided M2 data. ROMS data assimilation analyses were supported by the National Science Foundation (OCE 1061434). We thank R. Brodeur, N. Mantua, and N. Garfield for comments and discussion. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 16 BP 5942 EP 5950 DI 10.1002/2014GL061045 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AQ4HT UT WOS:000342755400034 ER PT J AU Mansour, AN Wong-Ng, W Huang, Q Tang, W Thompson, A Sharp, J AF Mansour, A. N. Wong-Ng, W. Huang, Q. Tang, W. Thompson, A. Sharp, J. TI Structural characterization of Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 as a function of temperature using neutron powder diffraction and extended X-ray absorption fine structure techniques SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS; BISMUTH TELLURIDE; STRUCTURE SPECTRA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; OPTIMIZATION; AMPLITUDE; IFEFFIT; ALLOYS; MERIT; FILMS AB The structure of Bi2Te3 (Seebeck coefficient Standard Reference Material (SRM (TM) 3451)) and the related phase Sb2Te3 have been characterized as a function of temperature using the neutron powder diffraction (NPD) and the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) techniques. The neutron structural studies were carried out from 20K to 300K for Bi2Te3 and from 10K to 298K for Sb2Te3. The EXAFS technique for studying the local structure of the two compounds was conducted from 19K to 298 K. Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 are isostructural, with a space group of R (3) over barm. The structure consists of repeated quintuple layers of atoms, Te2-M-Te1-M-Te2 (where M = Bi or Sb) stacking along the c-axis of the unit cell. EXAFS was used to examine the bond distances and static and thermal disorders for the first three shells of Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 as a function of temperature. The temperature dependencies of thermal disorders were analyzed using the Debye and Einstein models for lattice vibrations. The Debye and Einstein temperatures for the first two shells of Bi2Te3 are similar to those of Sb2Te3 within the uncertainty in the data. However, the Debye and Einstein temperatures for the third shell of Bi-Bi are significantly lower than those of the third shell of Sb-Sb. The Einstein temperature for the third shell is consistent with a soft phonon mode in both Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3. The lower Einstein temperature of Bi-Bi relative to Sb-Sb is consistent with the lower value of thermal conductivity of Bi2Te3 relative to Sb2Te3. C1 [Mansour, A. N.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Wong-Ng, W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Huang, Q.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tang, W.] Zhejiang Sci Tech Univ, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Thompson, A.; Sharp, J.] Marlow Ind Inc, Marlow, TX 75238 USA. RP Mansour, AN (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. FU Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center's In-house Laboratory Independent Research Program under ONR's Program Element [0601152N]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX A.N.M. acknowledges financial support by the Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center's In-house Laboratory Independent Research Program administered under ONR's Program Element 0601152N. The XAS experiments were conducted at the National Synchrotron Light Source of Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 44 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2014 VL 116 IS 8 AR 083513 DI 10.1063/1.4892441 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AQ5CP UT WOS:000342821600022 ER PT J AU Zhu, CJ Deng, L Hagley, EW Ge, ML AF Zhu, C. J. Deng, L. Hagley, E. W. Ge, Mo-Lin TI Dynamic Ultraslow Optical-Matter Wave Analog of an Event Horizon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BLACK-HOLE EVAPORATION; HAWKING RADIATION; SONIC ANALOG; LIGHT AB We investigate theoretically the effects of a dynamically increasing medium index on optical-wave propagation in a rubidium condensate. A long pulsed pump laser coupling a D2 line transition produces a rapidly growing internally generated field. This results in a significant optical self-focusing effect and creates a dynamically growing medium index anomaly that propagates ultraslowly with the internally generated field. When a fast probe pulse injected after a delay catches up with the dynamically increasing index anomaly, it is forced to slow down and is prohibited from crossing the anomaly, thereby realizing an ultraslow optical-matter wave analog of a dynamic white-hole event horizon. C1 [Zhu, C. J.; Deng, L.; Hagley, E. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhu, C. J.] Tongji Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. [Ge, Mo-Lin] Nankai Univ, Chern Inst Math, Theoret Phys Div, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. RP Zhu, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 9 AR 090405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.090405 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AO4FX UT WOS:000341292800003 PM 25215967 ER PT J AU Karabiyik, U Mao, M Satija, SK Esker, AR AF Karabiyik, Ufuk Mao, Min Satija, Sushil K. Esker, Alan R. TI Determination of thicknesses and refractive indices of polymer thin films by multiple incident media ellipsometry SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Refractive indices; Film thickness; Optical properties; Ellipsometry; Polymer; Thin films ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PHASE DETERMINATION; SURROUNDING MEDIA; ULTRATHIN FILMS; DYNAMICS; SURFACE; INTERFACE; ORDER AB Single wavelength ellipsometry measurements at Brewster's angle and in multiple incident media provide a powerful technique for characterizing ultrathin (<20-30 nm) polymer films. Only one ellipsometric parameter (i.e. amplitude ratio) is obtained at Brewster's angle since phase shift is 90 degrees. By conducting the experiments in different ambient media, simultaneous determinations of a film's thickness and refractive index for ultrathin polymer films are possible at Brewster's angle. Poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PtBA) Langmuir-Blodgett films serve as a model system for the simultaneous determination of thickness and refractive index (1.45 +/- 0.01 at 632 nm). Thickness measurements on films of variable thickness agree with X-ray reflectivity results +/- 0.8 nm. The method is also applicable to spincoated films where refractive indices of PtBA, polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) are found to agree with literature values within experimental error. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Karabiyik, Ufuk; Mao, Min; Esker, Alan R.] Virginia Tech, Dept Chem 0212, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Satija, Sushil K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Karabiyik, U (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Chem 0212, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM ukarabiyik@arglobal.com; mmao@vt.edu; sushil.satija@nist.gov; aesker@vt.edu FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0239633]; Virginia Tech Aspires Program FX The authors would like to thank the National Science Foundation (CHE-0239633) and Virginia Tech Aspires Program for financial support. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD AUG 28 PY 2014 VL 565 BP 72 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2014.06.050 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA AO1EJ UT WOS:000341054600012 ER PT J AU Miyatsu, S Kofu, M Nagoe, A Yamada, T Sadakiyo, M Yamada, T Kitagawa, H Tyagi, M Sakai, VG Yamamuro, O AF Miyatsu, Satoshi Kofu, Maiko Nagoe, Atsushi Yamada, Takeshi Sadakiyo, Masaaki Yamada, Teppei Kitagawa, Hiroshi Tyagi, Madhusudan Sakai, Victoria Garcia Yamamuro, Osamu TI Proton dynamics of two-dimensional oxalate-bridged coordination polymers SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; NANOPOROUS COPPER RUBEANATE; ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CONDUCTIVITY; SPECTROMETER; MECHANISM; CONSTRUCTION; CONDUCTORS; MOLECULES; CATALYSIS AB A two-dimensional porous coordination polymer (NH4)(2){HOOC(CH2)(4)COOH}[Zn-2(C2O4)(3)] (abbreviated as (NH4)(2)(adp)[Zn-2(ox)(3)] (adp = adipic acid, ox = oxalate)), which accommodates water molecules between the [Zn-2(ox)(3)] layers, is highly remarked as a new type of crystalline proton conductor. In order to investigate its phase behavior and the proton conducting mechanism, we have performed adiabatic calorimetry, neutron diffraction, and quasi-elastic neutron scattering experiments on a fully hydrated sample (NH4)(2)(adp)[Zn-2(ox)(3)]center dot 3H(2)O with the highest proton conductivity (8 x 10(-3) S cm(-1), 25 degrees C, 98% RH). Its isostructural derivative K-2(adp)[Zn-2(ox)(3)]center dot 3H(2)O was also measured to investigate the role of ammonium ions. (NH4)(2)(adp)[Zn-2(ox)(3)]center dot 3H(2)O and K-2(adp)[Zn-2(ox)(3)]center dot 3H(2)O exhibit higher order transitions at 86 K and 138 K, respectively. From the magnitude of the transition entropy, the former is of an order-disorder type while the latter is of a displacive type. (NH4)(2)(adp)[Zn-2(ox)(3)]center dot 3H(2)O has four Debye-type relaxations and K-2(adp)[Zn-2(ox)(3)]center dot 3H(2)O has two similar relaxations above each transition temperature. The two relaxations of (NH4)(2)(adp)[Zn-2(ox)(3)]center dot 3H(2)O with very small activation energies (Delta E-a < 5 kJ mol(-1)) are due to the rotational motions of ammonium ions and play important roles in the proton conduction mechanism. It was also found that the protons in (NH4)(2)(adp)[Zn-2(ox)(3)]center dot 3H(2)O are carried through a Grotthuss mechanism. We present a discussion on the proton conducting mechanism based on the present structural and dynamical information. C1 [Miyatsu, Satoshi; Kofu, Maiko; Nagoe, Atsushi; Yamada, Takeshi; Yamamuro, Osamu] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. [Nagoe, Atsushi; Yamada, Takeshi; Kitagawa, Hiroshi; Yamamuro, Osamu] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy JST, Core Res Evolut Sci & Technol, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1020076, Japan. [Sadakiyo, Masaaki; Yamada, Teppei; Kitagawa, Hiroshi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Sadakiyo, Masaaki] Kyushu Univ, Int Inst Carbon Neutral Energy Res WPI I2CNER, Nishi Ku, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sakai, Victoria Garcia] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Yamamuro, O (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. EM yamamuro@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Sadakiyo, Masaaki/P-7464-2016; OI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; Sadakiyo, Masaaki/0000-0001-5359-3581; Yamada, Teppei/0000-0002-3384-1004 FU Institute for Solid State Physics, the University of Tokyo; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX The authors thank Dr John R. D. Copley (NCNR, NIST) for the DCS measurement, and Dr Kunihisa Sugimoto (SPring-8) and Dr Akihito Fujiwara (SPring-8) for the single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurement at low temperature. The HFBS experiment at NCNR was financially supported by Institute for Solid State Physics, the University of Tokyo, through the Travel Expense Support for the Overseas program. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 54 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2014 VL 16 IS 32 BP 17295 EP 17304 DI 10.1039/c4cp01432d PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AN1OK UT WOS:000340353000045 PM 25019223 ER PT J AU Lee, SS Feingold, G McComiskey, A Yamaguchi, T Koren, I Martins, JV Yu, HB AF Lee, Seoung Soo Feingold, Graham McComiskey, Allison Yamaguchi, Takanobu Koren, Ilan Martins, J. Vanderlei Yu, Hongbin TI Effect of gradients in biomass burning aerosol on shallow cumulus convective circulations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BLACK CARBON AEROSOLS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WRF MODEL; PART I; CLOUDS; SIMULATIONS; CLIMATE; AMAZON; SMOKE; SENSITIVITY AB This study examines the effect of spatial gradients in biomass burning (BB) aerosol on mesoscale circulations and clouds in the Amazon through high-resolution numerical modeling over areas of 30 km to 60 km. Inhomogeneous horizontal distribution of BB aerosol results in differential surface heat fluxes and radiative heating of the air, which generates circulation patterns that strongly influence cloud formation. The influence on air circulation and cumulus cloud formation depends on the BB aerosol loading, its vertical location, and the width of the plume. Plumes that reside at higher altitudes (similar to 1.5 km altitude) produce monotonic responses to aerosol loading whereas the response to plumes close to the surface changes nonmonotonically with plume width and aerosol loading. Sensitivity tests highlight the importance of interactive calculations of surface latent and heat fluxes with a coupled land surface model. In the case of the plume residing at higher altitude, failure to use interactive fluxes results in a reversal of the circulation whereas for the plume residing nearer the surface, the interactive surface model weakens the circulation. The influence of the BB aerosol on heating patterns, circulations, surface fluxes, and resultant cloud amount prevails over the BB aerosol-cloud microphysical influences. C1 [Lee, Seoung Soo; Feingold, Graham; McComiskey, Allison; Yamaguchi, Takanobu] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lee, Seoung Soo; McComiskey, Allison; Yamaguchi, Takanobu] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Koren, Ilan] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Martins, J. Vanderlei] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Yu, Hongbin] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yu, Hongbin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lee, SS (reprint author), NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM cumulss@gmail.com RI Koren, Ilan/K-1417-2012; Yamaguchi, Takanobu/H-9169-2013; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Yu, Hongbin/C-6485-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Koren, Ilan/0000-0001-6759-6265; Yamaguchi, Takanobu/0000-0001-8059-0757; Yu, Hongbin/0000-0003-4706-1575; FU NASA's IDS program; NOAA's Climate Goal Program FX The authors thank NASA's IDS program administered by Hal Maring and NOAA's Climate Goal Program for supporting this work. NOAA's HPCC is acknowledged for computing support. Data used in this study can be obtained by contacting Seoung Soo Lee (Seoung.Soo.Lee@noaa.gov). NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 16 BP 9948 EP 9964 DI 10.1002/2014JD021819 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP3RF UT WOS:000341994000022 ER PT J AU Lal, S Venkataramani, S Chandra, N Cooper, OR Brioude, J Naja, M AF Lal, S. Venkataramani, S. Chandra, N. Cooper, O. R. Brioude, J. Naja, M. TI Transport effects on the vertical distribution of tropospheric ozone over western India SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; PACIFIC-OCEAN; WATER-VAPOR; STRATOSPHERE; TRENDS; CONVECTION; TROPOPAUSE; EMISSIONS; EXCHANGE; CLIMATE AB In situ tropospheric ozone measurements by balloon-borne electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) sensors above Ahmedabad in western India from May 2003 to July 2007 are presented, along with an analysis of the transport processes responsible for the observed vertical ozone distribution. This analysis is supported by 12 day back trajectory calculations using the FLEXPART Lagrangian particle dispersion model. Lowest ozone (similar to 20 ppbv) is observed near the surface during September at the end of the Asian summer monsoon season. Average midtropospheric (5-10 km above sea level) ozone is greatest (70-75 ppbv) during April-June and lowest (40-50 ppbv) during winter. Ozone variability is greatest in the upper troposphere with higher ozone during March-May. The FLEXPART retroplume results show that the free tropospheric vertical ozone distribution above this location is affected by long-range transport from the direction of North Africa and North America. Ozone levels are also affected by transport from the stratosphere particularly during March-April. The lower tropospheric (<3 km) ozone distribution during the Asian summer monsoon is affected by transport from the Indian Ocean via the east coast of Africa and the Arabian Sea. Influence from deep convection in the upper troposphere confined over central Asia has been simulated by FLEXPART. Lower ozone levels are observed during August-November than in any other season at 10-14 km above sea level. These in situ observations are in contrast to other studies based on satellite data which show that the lowest ozone values at these altitudes occur during the Asian summer monsoon. C1 [Lal, S.; Venkataramani, S.; Chandra, N.] Phys Res Lab, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India. [Chandra, N.] Indian Inst Technol, Gandhinagar, India. [Cooper, O. R.; Brioude, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cooper, O. R.; Brioude, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Naja, M.] Aryabhatta Res Inst Observat Sci, Naini Tal, India. RP Lal, S (reprint author), Phys Res Lab, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India. EM shyam@prl.res.in RI Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU PRL; ISRO GBP FX We thank PRL and ISRO GBP for encouraging and supporting this balloon program at PRL. S.L. is grateful to D. Kley and H. Smit for their help in the initial planning of this balloon sounding program at PRL. S.L. is also grateful to A.R. Ravishankara, former Director (now at Colorado State University) of the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory's Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, USA, for supporting his stay there to initiate this analysis. We thank Shilpy Gupta, K.S. Modh, T.A. Rajesh, and T.K. Sunilkumar for their support in conducting these balloon flights from Ahmedabad. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their fruitful comments and suggestions, which have greatly improved the paper. We are also grateful to the Editor for his encouragement and support. The EDGARv4.1 global NOx emissions inventory was provided by European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC)/Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL): Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), release version 4.1 http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu, 2010. The international shipping NOx emission inventory was provided by James Corbett, University of Delaware. Fire NOx emissions are from the Global Fire Emissions Database version 3 (GFED3). NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 16 BP 10012 EP 10026 DI 10.1002/2014JD021854 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP3RF UT WOS:000341994000026 ER PT J AU Bergeron, DE Cessna, JT Coursey, BM Fitzgerald, R Zimmerman, BE AF Bergeron, Denis E. Cessna, Jeffrey T. Coursey, Bert M. Fitzgerald, Ryan Zimmerman, Brian E. TI A Review of NIST Primary Activity Standards for F-18: 1982 to 2013 SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE anticoincidence; discrepancy; F-18; ionization chamber; liquid scintillation counting; primary standard ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; LIQUID SCINTILLATION SPECTROMETRY; DOSE CALIBRATOR SETTINGS; LS COUNTING EFFICIENCY; COCKTAIL MASS VOLUME; RADIONUCLIDE CALIBRATOR; ELECTRON-CAPTURE; HUMAN-BRAIN; TDCR METHOD; IONIZATION-CHAMBER AB The new NIST activity standardization for F-18, described in 2014 in Applied Radiation and Isotopes (v. 85, p. 77), differs from results obtained between 1998 and 2008 by 4 %. The new results are considered to be very reliable; they are based on a battery of robust primary measurement techniques and bring the NIST standard into accord with other national metrology institutes. This paper reviews all ten F-18 activity standardizations performed at NIST from 1982 to 2013, with a focus on experimental variables that might account for discrepancies. We have identified many possible sources of measurement bias and eliminated most of them, but we have not adequately accounted for the 1998-2008 results. C1 [Bergeron, Denis E.; Cessna, Jeffrey T.; Coursey, Bert M.; Fitzgerald, Ryan; Zimmerman, Brian E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bergeron, DE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM denis.bergeron@nist.gov; jeffrey.cessna@nist.gov; bert.coursey@nist.gov; ryan.fitzgerald@nist.gov; brian.zimmerman@nist.gov RI Bergeron, Denis/I-4332-2013; Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016 OI Bergeron, Denis/0000-0003-1150-7950; NR 91 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 15 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD AUG 27 PY 2014 VL 119 BP 371 EP 396 DI 10.6028/jres.119.013 PG 26 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AP4SE UT WOS:000342068000001 PM 26601035 ER PT J AU Qiao, L Li, W Xiao, HY Meyer, HM Liang, XL Nguyen, NV Weber, WJ Biegalski, MD AF Qiao, Liang Li, Wei Xiao, Haiyan Meyer, Harry M. Liang, Xuelei Nguyen, N. V. Weber, William J. Biegalski, Michael D. TI Electronic Structure and Band Alignment at an Epitaxial Spinel/Perovskite Heterojunction SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE spinel/perovskite heterojunction; electronic structure; band alignment; photoemission ID RAY PHOTOEMISSION SPECTRA; THIN-FILMS; PRECISE DETERMINATION; COBALT OXIDES; CORE-LEVEL; SRTIO3; CO3O4; INTERFACE; SURFACES; OFFSETS AB The electronic properties of solid solid interfaces play critical roles in a variety of technological applications. Recent advances of film epitaxy and characterization techniques have demonstrated a wealth of exotic phenomena at interfaces of oxide materials, which are critically dependent on the alignment of their energy bands across the interface. Here we report a combined photoemission and electrical investigation of the electronic structures across a prototypical spinel/perovskite heterojunction. Energy-level band alignment at an epitaxial Co3O4/SrTiO3(001) heterointerface indicates a chemically abrupt, type I heterojunction without detectable band bending at both the film and substrate. The unexpected band alignment for this typical p-type semiconductor on SrTiO3 is attributed to its intrinsic d-d interband excitation, which significantly narrows the fundamental band gap between the top of the valence band and the bottom of the conduction band. The formation of the type I heterojunction with a flat-band state results in a simultaneous confinement of both electrons and holes inside the Co3O4 layer, thus rendering the epitaxial Co3O4/SrTiO3(001) heterostructure to be a very promising material for high-efficiency luminescence and optoelectronic device applications. C1 [Qiao, Liang; Biegalski, Michael D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Meyer, Harry M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Li, Wei; Nguyen, N. V.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xiao, Haiyan] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Sch Phys Elect, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. [Xiao, Haiyan; Weber, William J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Li, Wei; Liang, Xuelei] Peking Univ, Key Lab Phys & Chem Nanodevices, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Li, Wei; Liang, Xuelei] Peking Univ, Dept Elect, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Qiao, L (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM qiaol@ornl.gov; biegalskim@ornl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Qiao, Liang/A-8165-2012; Liang, Xuelei/C-4690-2013 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China [Y02002010401085]; NSAF Joint Foundation of China [U1330103]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering FX This research was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and SHaRE User Facility, which are sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. The authors would like to thank the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology's Nanofab Facility for device fabrication support. H. Y. Xiao acknowledges the support of scientific research starting funding from University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (Grant No. Y02002010401085) and NSAF Joint Foundation of China (Grant No. U1330103). W. J. Weber was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 77 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD AUG 27 PY 2014 VL 6 IS 16 BP 14338 EP 14344 DI 10.1021/am5036219 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AO2CB UT WOS:000341122000123 PM 25075939 ER PT J AU Kapelewski, MT Geier, SJ Hudson, MR Stuck, D Mason, JA Nelson, JN Xiao, DJ Hulvey, Z Gilmour, E FitzGerald, SA Head-Gordon, M Brown, CM Long, JR AF Kapelewski, Matthew T. Geier, Stephen J. Hudson, Matthew R. Stueck, David Mason, Jarad A. Nelson, Jocienne N. Xiao, Dianne J. Hulvey, Zeric Gilmour, Elizabeth FitzGerald, Stephen A. Head-Gordon, Martin Brown, Craig M. Long, Jeffrey R. TI M-2(m-dobdc) (M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) Metal-Organic Frameworks Exhibiting Increased Charge Density and Enhanced H-2 Binding at the Open Metal Sites SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IRON(II) COORDINATION SITES; CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE; HYDROGEN-STORAGE; METHANE STORAGE; FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; HIGH-CAPACITY; HYDROCARBON SEPARATIONS; GAS-ADSORPTION; SPECTROSCOPY AB The well-known frameworks of the type M-2(dobdc) (dobdc(4-) = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) have numerous potential applications in gas storage and separations, owing to their exceptionally high concentration of coordinatively unsaturated metal surface sites, which can interact strongly with small gas molecules such as H-2 center dot Employing a related meta-functionalized linker that is readily obtained from resorcinol, we now report a family of structural isomers of this framework, M-2(m-dobdc) (M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni; m-dobdc(4-) = 4,6-dioxido-1,3-benzenedicarboxylate), featuring exposed M-2 cation sites with a higher apparent charge density. The regioisomeric linker alters the symmetry of the ligand field at the metal sites, leading to increases of 0.4-1.5 kJ/mol in the H-2 binding enthalpies relative to M-2(dobdc). A variety of techniques, including powder X-ray and neutron diffraction, inelastic neutron scattering, infrared spectroscopy, and first-principles electronic structure calculations, are applied in elucidating how these subtle structural and electronic differences give rise to such increases. Importantly, similar enhancements can be anticipated for the gas storage and separation properties of this new family of robust and potentially inexpensive metal-organic frameworks. C1 [Kapelewski, Matthew T.; Geier, Stephen J.; Stueck, David; Mason, Jarad A.; Xiao, Dianne J.; Head-Gordon, Martin; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hudson, Matthew R.; Hulvey, Zeric; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nelson, Jocienne N.; Gilmour, Elizabeth; FitzGerald, Stephen A.] Oberlin Coll, Dept Phys, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. [Hulvey, Zeric] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Head-Gordon, Martin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Long, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jrlong@berkeley.edu RI Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 FU Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (DOE-EERE), Fuel Cell Technologies Office and through the Department of Energy, Office of Science Graduate Fellowship Program (DOE SCGF); ORISE-ORAU [DE-AC05-06OR23100]; NSF [CHE-1111896]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSF; Camille and Henry Dreyfus Postdoctoral Program in Environmental Chemistry; NSERC of Canada; NIST National Research Council FX Research at Berkeley and NIST was supported through the Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (DOE-EERE), Fuel Cell Technologies Office and through the Department of Energy, Office of Science Graduate Fellowship Program (DOE SCGF), made possible in part by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, administered by ORISE-ORAU under contract no. DE-AC05-06OR23100. Efforts at Oberlin College were funded through NSF Grant CHE-1111896. We thank the 11-BM staff at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory for assisting with powder X-ray diffraction experiments. Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank the NSF for providing graduate fellowship support for J.A.M. and M.T.K., the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Postdoctoral Program in Environmental Chemistry and the NSERC of Canada for fellowship support of S.J.G., and the NIST National Research Council for a Postdoctoral Fellowship award to M.R.H. In addition, we are grateful to Dr. Greg Haider for help with the diffraction data collection on 17-BM-B at the APS, Dr. Trudy Bolin for the use of the helium glovebox in APS Sector 9, Paul Horn for assistance with the energy decomposition analysis, and Eric Bloch and Rebecca Triano for helpful discussions. NR 95 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 12 U2 159 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 27 PY 2014 VL 136 IS 34 BP 12119 EP 12129 DI 10.1021/ja506230r PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AO0IX UT WOS:000340993400043 PM 25130365 ER PT J AU Busch, DS Maher, M Thibodeau, P McElhany, P AF Busch, D. Shallin Maher, Michael Thibodeau, Patricia McElhany, Paul TI Shell Condition and Survival of Puget Sound Pteropods Are Impaired by Ocean Acidification Conditions SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CORAL ASTRANGIA POCULATA; GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; LIMACINA-HELICINA; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; SEA-WATER; METABOLIC-RESPONSE; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; POTENTIAL IMPACTS; ROSS SEA; PACIFIC AB We tested whether the thecosome pteropod Limacina helicina from Puget Sound, an urbanized estuary in the northwest continental US, experiences shell dissolution and altered mortality rates when exposed to the high CO2, low aragonite saturation state (Omega(a)) conditions that occur in Puget Sound and the northeast Pacific Ocean. Five, week-long experiments were conducted in which we incubated pteropods collected from Puget Sound in four carbon chemistry conditions: current summer surface (similar to 460-500 mu atm CO2, Omega(a)approximate to 1.59), current deep water or surface conditions during upwelling (similar to 760 and,1600-1700 mu atm CO2, Omega(a)approximate to 1.17 and 0.56), and future deep water or surface conditions during upwelling (Omega(a)2800-3400 mu atm CO2, Omega(a)approximate to 0.28). We measured shell condition using a scoring regime of five shell characteristics that capture different aspects of shell dissolution. We characterized carbon chemistry conditions in statistical analyses with Omega(a), and conducted analyses considering Omega(a) both as a continuous dataset and as discrete treatments. Shell dissolution increased linearly as aragonite saturation state decreased. Discrete treatment comparisons indicate that shell dissolution was greater in undersaturated treatments compared to oversaturated treatments. Survival increased linearly with aragonite saturation state, though discrete treatment comparisons indicated that survival was similar in all but the lowest saturation state treatment. These results indicate that, under starvation conditions, pteropod survival may not be greatly affected by current and expected near-future aragonite saturation state in the NE Pacific, but shell dissolution may. Given that subsurface waters in Puget Sound's main basin are undersaturated with respect to aragonite in the winter and can be undersaturated in the summer, the condition and persistence of the species in this estuary warrants further study. C1 [Busch, D. Shallin; Maher, Michael; Thibodeau, Patricia; McElhany, Paul] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Busch, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Ocean Acidificat Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Shallin.Busch@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, and Office of Education FX This project was funded by NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, and Office of Education. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 70 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 70 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 27 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 8 AR e105884 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0105884 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AN8UR UT WOS:000340880900057 PM 25162395 ER PT J AU Zarr, RR Heckert, NA Leigh, SD AF Zarr, Robert R. Heckert, N. Alan Leigh, Stefan D. TI Retrospective Analysis of NIST Standard Reference Material 1450, Fibrous Glass Board, for Thermal Insulation Measurements SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bulk density; certified reference material; fit; guarded hot plate; high density molded fibrous glass board; model; regression analysis; standard reference material; thermal conductivity; thermal insulation ID CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS AB Thermal conductivity data acquired previously for the establishment of Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1450, Fibrous Glass Board, as well as subsequent renewals 1450a, 1450b, 1450c, and 1450d, are re-analyzed collectively and as individual data sets. Additional data sets for proto-1450 material lots are also included in the analysis. The data cover 36 years of activity by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in developing and providing thermal insulation SRMs, specifically high-density molded fibrous-glass board, to the public. Collectively, the data sets cover two nominal thicknesses of 13 mm and 25 mm, bulk densities from 60 kg m(-3) to 180 kg m(-3), and mean temperatures from 100 K to 340 K. The analysis repetitively fits six models to the individual data sets. The most general form of the nested set of multilinear models used is given in the following equation: lambda(p,T) = a(0) + a(1)p + a(2)T + a(3)T(3) + a(4)e - [T-a(5/)a(6)] where lambda(rho, T) is the predicted thermal conductivity (W.m(-1) K-1), rho is the bulk density (kg m(-3)), T is the mean temperature (K) and a(i) (for i = 1, 2,...6) are the regression coefficients. The least squares fit results for each model across all data sets are analyzed using both graphical and analytic techniques. The prevailing generic model for the majority of data sets is the bilinear model in rho and T. lambda(p,T) = a(0) + a(1)p + a(2)T One data set supports the inclusion of a cubic temperature term and two data sets with low-temperature data support the inclusion of an exponential term in T to improve the model predictions. Physical interpretations of the model function terms are described. Recommendations for future renewals of SRM 1450 are provided. An Addendum provides historical background on the origin of this SRM and the influence of the SRM on external measurement programs. C1 [Zarr, Robert R.; Heckert, N. Alan; Leigh, Stefan D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zarr, RR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.zarr@nist.gov; alan.heckert@nist.gov FU Office of Reference Materials; Department of Energy through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX The authors appreciate the discussions with Dr. D. L. McElroy and Dr. R. P. Tye in preparing and reviewing this paper. The description of the NVLAP proficiency program were discussed and reviewed by Dr. Jeffrey Horlick, NIST Standards Coordination Office. The data for the earlier thermal insulation SRMs presented here were acquired through the diligent efforts of several former NBS researchers including: H. E. Robinson (NBS, 1937-1972), T. W. Watson (NBS, 1942-1976), B. A. Peavy (NBS, 1951-1983), M. C. I. Siu (NBS, 1966-1983), and J. G. Hust (NBS Boulder Campus, 1961-1983). Several of the thermal insulation SRMs described here were developed with support from Office of Reference Materials and the Department of Energy through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The authors appreciate the efforts of K. Martin, NIST Research Support Services Office, in conducting the literature search for measurement programs utilizing "NBS fibrous-glass board "SRMs 1450-1450d." NR 101 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD AUG 25 PY 2014 VL 119 BP 296 EP 370 DI 10.6028/jres.119.012 PG 75 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AP4SB UT WOS:000342067600001 PM 26601034 ER PT J AU Glebov, BL Fan, JY Migdall, A AF Glebov, Boris L. Fan, Jingyun Migdall, A. TI Photon number squeezing in repeated parametric downconversion with ancillary photon-number measurements SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ENTANGLED PHOTONS; QUANTUM; EFFICIENCY; STATES; NOISE; LIMIT AB We present a realistic numerical simulation of a source of number-squeezed photon states employing a cavity-based parametric downconversion (PDC) process. A cavity containing the PDC medium is pumped repeatedly. The cavity recycles only one of the PDC output modes, allowing it to be amplified with each subsequent pump pulse. A photon number resolved (PNR) measurement is made on the other PDC output mode following each pump pulse. Once the PNR measurements indicate that the target number of photons has accumulated in the cavity, the pumping is stopped and the resulting photon state is released. The photon number uncertainty in the resulting state is similar to 3 dB below that of a mean-equivalent coherent state and furthermore the probability of generating the target photon number is similarly increased. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Glebov, Boris L.; Migdall, A.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fan, Jingyun; Migdall, A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Glebov, BL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM boris.glebov@nist.gov; jfan@nist.gov FU Physics Frontier Center at Joint Quantum Institute; Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program FX This research was supported in part by the Physics Frontier Center at Joint Quantum Institute. B. L. Glebov acknowledges the support of the Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program. All statements of fact, opinion, or analysis expressed are those of the author and do not reflect the official positions or views of the Intelligence Community or any other U. S. Government agency. Nothing in the contents should be construed as asserting or implying U. S. Government authentication of information or Intelligence Community endorsement of the author's views. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 25 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 17 BP 20358 EP 20365 DI 10.1364/OE.22.020358 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA AN6PJ UT WOS:000340717300069 PM 25321244 ER PT J AU Zhu, SZ Huang, Y Klimov, NN Newell, DB Zhitenev, NB Stroscio, JA Solares, SD Li, T AF Zhu, Shuze Huang, Yinjun Klimov, Nikolai N. Newell, David B. Zhitenev, Nikolai B. Stroscio, Joseph A. Solares, Santiago D. Li, Teng TI Pseudomagnetic fields in a locally strained graphene drumhead SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; MICROSCOPY; MECHANICS AB Recent experiments reveal that a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) probe tip can generate a highly localized strain field in a graphene drumhead, which in turn leads to pseudomagnetic fields in the graphene that can spatially confine graphene charge carriers in a way similar to a lithographically defined quantum dot (QD). While these experimental findings are intriguing, their further implementation in nanoelectronic devices hinges upon the knowledge of key underpinning parameters, which still remain elusive. In this paper we first summarize the experimental measurements of the deformation of graphene membranes due to interactions with the STM probe tip and a back-gate electrode. We then carry out systematic coarse-grained (CG) simulations to offer a mechanistic interpretation of STM tip-induced straining of the graphene drumhead. Our findings reveal the effect of (i) the position of the STM probe tip relative to the graphene drumhead center, (ii) the sizes of both the STM probe tip and graphene drumhead, as well as (iii) the applied back-gate voltage, on the induced strain field and corresponding pseudomagnetic field. These results can offer quantitative guidance for future design and implementation of reversible and on-demand formation of graphene QDs in nanoelectronics. C1 [Zhu, Shuze; Huang, Yinjun; Solares, Santiago D.; Li, Teng] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Klimov, Nikolai N.; Solares, Santiago D.; Li, Teng] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Klimov, Nikolai N.; Zhitenev, Nikolai B.; Stroscio, Joseph A.; Solares, Santiago D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Newell, David B.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM lit@umd.edu RI Li, Teng/B-1585-2008; Zhitenev, Nikolai/N-1780-2014 OI Li, Teng/0000-0001-6252-561X; FU National Science Foundation [1069076, 1129826]; Clark School Future Faculty Program and Graduate Student Summer Research Fellowships at the University of Maryland; Clark School at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX T.L., Z.S., and Y.H. acknowledge the support by the National Science Foundation (Grants No. 1069076 and No. 1129826). Z.S. thanks the support of the Clark School Future Faculty Program and Graduate Student Summer Research Fellowships at the University of Maryland. Y.H. acknowledges the support of Dean's Fellowship from Clark School at the University of Maryland. N.K. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 25 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 7 AR 075426 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.075426 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AO3VB UT WOS:000341263400004 ER PT J AU Pelland, NA Sterling, JT Lea, MA Bond, NA Ream, RR Lee, CM Eriksen, CC AF Pelland, Noel A. Sterling, Jeremy T. Lea, Mary-Anne Bond, Nicholas A. Ream, Rolf R. Lee, Craig M. Eriksen, Charles C. TI Fortuitous Encounters between Seagliders and Adult Female Northern Fur Seals (Callorhinus ursinus) off the Washington (USA) Coast: Upper Ocean Variability and Links to Top Predator Behavior SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEAL; EASTERN BERING-SEA; MIXED-LAYER; OCEANOGRAPHIC FEATURES; MESOSCALE EDDIES; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; TRANSITION ZONE; PUP PRODUCTION; HAIDA EDDIES AB Behavioral responses by top marine predators to oceanographic features such as eddies, river plumes, storms, and coastal topography suggest that biophysical interactions in these zones affect predators' prey, foraging behaviors, and potentially fitness. However, examining these pathways is challenged by the obstacles inherent in obtaining simultaneous observations of surface and subsurface environmental fields and predator behavior. In this study, migratory movements and, in some cases, diving behavior of 40 adult female northern fur seals (NFS; Callorhinus ursinus) were quantified across their range and compared to remotely-sensed environmental data in the Gulf of Alaska and California Current ecosystems, with a particular focus off the coast of Washington State (USA) - a known foraging ground for adult female NFS and where autonomous glider sampling allowed opportunistic comparison of seal behavior to subsurface biophysical measurements. The results show that in these ecosystems, adult female habitat utilization was concentrated near prominent coastal topographic, riverine, or inlet features and within 200 km of the continental shelf break. Seal dive depths, in most ecosystems, were moderated by surface light level (solar or lunar), mirroring known behaviors of diel vertically-migrating prey. However, seal dives differed in the California Current ecosystem due to a shift to more daytime diving concentrated at or below the surface mixed layer base. Seal movement models indicate behavioral responses to season, ecosystem, and surface wind speeds; individuals also responded to mesoscale eddies, jets, and the Columbia River plume. Foraging within small scale surface features is consistent with utilization of the inner coastal transition zone and habitats near coastal capes, which are known eddy and filament generation sites. These results contribute to our knowledge of NFS migratory patterns by demonstrating surface and subsurface behavioral responses to a spatially and temporally dynamic ocean environment, thus reflecting its influence on associated NFS prey species. C1 [Pelland, Noel A.; Lee, Craig M.; Eriksen, Charles C.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sterling, Jeremy T.; Ream, Rolf R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Seattle, WA USA. [Lea, Mary-Anne] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Bond, Nicholas A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lee, Craig M.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Pelland, NA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM nap2@u.washington.edu RI Lea, Mary-Anne/E-9054-2013 OI Lea, Mary-Anne/0000-0001-8318-9299 FU NOAA; North Pacific Research Board; National Cooperative Research Program of the NOAA Fisheries Office of Science and Technology; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean at the University of Washington; National Science Foundation [OCE9911036, OCE0095414, OCE0526634]; National Oceanographic Partnership Program FX Northern fur seal tagging, monitoring, and analysis was funded by NOAA (www.noaa.gov), the North Pacific Research Board (www.nprb.org), the National Cooperative Research Program of the NOAA Fisheries Office of Science and Technology (www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/cooperative-research/index), and the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean at the University of Washington (jisao.washington.edu). Northern fur seal research was performed under National Marine Mammal Laboratory permits 782-1455 and 782-1708. Seaglider field work and analysis was supported by National Science Foundation (www.nsf.gov) grants OCE9911036, OCE0095414, and OCE0526634, with assistance in Seaglider development from the Office of Naval Research (www.onr.navy. mil) and National Oceanographic Partnership Program (www.nopp.org). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 140 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 25 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 8 AR e101268 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0101268 PG 36 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AN9TR UT WOS:000340952200003 PM 25153524 ER PT J AU Abdulagatov, IM Akhmedova-Azizova, LA Azizov, ND AF Abdulagatov, I. M. Akhmedova-Azizova, Lala A. Azizov, N. D. TI Experimental study of the density and derived (excess, apparent, and partial molar volumes) properties of binary water plus ethanol and ternary water plus ethanol plus lithium nitrate mixtures at temperatures from 298 K to 448 K and pressures up to 40 MPa SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE Apparent molar volumes; Density; Excess molar volumes; Ethanol; Lithium nitrate ID DILUTE AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; LIQUID-MIXTURES; REFRACTIVE-INDEXES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ORGANIC SOLUTES; HEAT-CAPACITIES; ETHYL-ACETATE; NANO3 SOLUTIONS; X MEASUREMENTS; VISCOSITY AB Densities of binary water + ethanol and ternary water + ethanol + LiNO3 mixtures have been measured over the temperature range from 298 K to 448 K and at pressures up to 40 MPa using the constant-volume piezometer immersed in a precision liquid thermostat. The measurements for water + ethanol mixture were made for four compositions of 0.0163, 0.0343, 0.0730, and 0.0946 mol fraction of ethanol. The measurements for thernary water + ethanol + LiNO3 mixtures were performed in the same temperature and pressure ranges for twelve concentrations. The combined expanded uncertainty of the density, pressure, temperature, and concentration measurements at the 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 is estimated to be 0.06%, 0.05%, 20 mK, and 0.015%, respectively. The derived volumetric properties such as excess (V-m(E)), apparent (V-Phi), and partial ((V) over bar (infinity)(2)) molar volumes were calculated using the measured values of density for the binary water + ethanol mixture and for pure water and ethanol. The small and negative values of excess molar volume for the mixtures were found at all experimental temperatures, pressures, and over the entire concentration range. The excess molar volume minimum is found at concentration about 0.4 mol fraction of 1-propanol. The concentration minimum of the derived apparent molar volumes V-Phi near 2 mol kg(-1) (dilute mixture) was observed. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Abdulagatov, I. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Geothermal Res Inst, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia. [Akhmedova-Azizova, Lala A.] Tech Univ, Dept Ind Ecol & Ind Safety Properties Aqueous Sys, Baku, Azerbaijan. [Azizov, N. D.] Azerbaijan State Oil Acad, Baku 370601, Azerbaijan. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 108 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 EI 1879-0224 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD AUG 25 PY 2014 VL 376 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.fluid.2014.05.032 PG 21 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA AN1JR UT WOS:000340339100001 ER PT J AU Rumberger, B Bennett, M Zhang, JY Dura, JA Israeloff, NE AF Rumberger, Brant Bennett, Mackenzie Zhang, Jingyun Dura, J. A. Israeloff, N. E. TI Communication: Nanoscale ion fluctuations in Nafion polymer electrolyte SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 1/F NOISE; MEMBRANES; RELAXATION; TRANSPORT; FILMS; WATER; GLASS; CONDUCTIVITY; SPECTROSCOPY; KINETICS AB Ion conduction mechanisms and the nanostructure of ion conduction networks remain poorly understood in polymer electrolytes which are used as proton-exchange-membranes (PEM) in fuel cell applications. Here we study nanoscale surface-potential fluctuations produced by Brownian ion dynamics in thin films of low-hydration Nafion (TM), the prototype PEM. Images and power spectra of the fluctuations are used to derive the local conductivity-relaxation spectrum, in order to compare with bulk behavior and hopping-conductivity models. Conductivity relaxation-times ranged from hours to milliseconds, depending on hydration and temperature, demonstrating that the observed fluctuations are produced by water-facilitated hydrogen-ion hopping within the ion-channel network. Due to the small number of ions probed, non-Gaussian statistics of the fluctuations can be used to constrain ion conduction parameters and mechanisms. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Rumberger, Brant; Bennett, Mackenzie; Zhang, Jingyun; Israeloff, N. E.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Dura, J. A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rumberger, B (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008 OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X FU NSF DMR [1006007] FX Samples were made in part at the NIST CNST Nanofab. Commercial products are identified within to foster understanding which does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor imply that these products are necessarily the best available for the purpose. B. R., M. B., and N.E.I. supported by NSF DMR 1006007. We thank Max Turnquist for assistance with figures. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 21 PY 2014 VL 141 IS 7 AR 071102 DI 10.1063/1.4892875 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AN6OP UT WOS:000340714600002 PM 25149767 ER PT J AU Roland, S Schubert, M Collins, BA Kurpiers, J Chen, ZH Facchetti, A Ade, H Neher, D AF Roland, Steffen Schubert, Marcel Collins, Brian A. Kurpiers, Jona Chen, Zhihua Facchetti, Antonio Ade, Harald Neher, Dieter TI Fullerene-Free Polymer Solar Cells with Highly Reduced Bimolecular Recombination and Field-Independent Charge Carrier Generation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE; HIGH-MOBILITY; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; PHOTOVOLTAIC PERFORMANCE; PHOTOCURRENT GENERATION; POLYFLUORENE BLENDS; QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; DOMAIN PURITY; FILL FACTOR; COPOLYMER AB Photogeneration, recombination, and transport of free charge carriers in all-polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells incorporating poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as donor and poly([N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthelene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)) (P(NDI2OD-T2)) as acceptor polymer have been investigated by the use of time delayed collection field (TDCF) and time-of-flight (TOF) measurements. Depending on the preparation procedure used to dry the active layers, these solar cells comprise high fill factors (FFs) of up to 67%. A strongly reduced bimolecular recombination (BMR), as well as a field-independent free charge carrier generation are observed, features that are common to high performance fullerene-based solar cells. Resonant soft X-ray measurements (R-SoXS) and photoluminescence quenching experiments (PQE) reveal that the BMR is related to domain purity. Our results elucidate the similarities of this polymeric acceptor with the superior recombination properties of fullerene acceptors. C1 [Roland, Steffen; Schubert, Marcel; Kurpiers, Jona; Neher, Dieter] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Collins, Brian A.; Ade, Harald] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Collins, Brian A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Zhihua; Facchetti, Antonio] Polyera Corp, Skokie, IL 60077 USA. RP Neher, D (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. EM neher@uni-potsdam.de RI Neher, Dieter/A-9334-2015; OI Schubert, Marcel/0000-0002-8739-4852 FU Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [FKZ 031 S2151D]; German Science Foundation (DFG) [SPP 1355]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DE-FG02-98ER45737]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH1123] FX This work was supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the project PVcomB (FKZ 031 S2151D) and by the German Science Foundation (DFG) within the priority program SPP 1355. X-ray characterization by Brian A. Collins while at NCSU and Harald Ade was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Science and Engineering under Contract DE-FG02-98ER45737. R-SoXS data was acquired at beamline 11.0.1.2 at the ALS,57 a National user facility supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC02-05CH1123). NR 56 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 67 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD AUG 21 PY 2014 VL 5 IS 16 BP 2815 EP 2822 DI 10.1021/jz501506z PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AN7US UT WOS:000340807100009 PM 26278084 ER PT J AU He, YB Zhou, W Qian, GD Chen, BL AF He, Yabing Zhou, Wei Qian, Guodong Chen, Banglin TI Methane storage in metal-organic frameworks SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID GAS-ADSORPTION PROPERTIES; HIGH H-2 ADSORPTION; SUPERMOLECULAR BUILDING-BLOCKS; COORDINATION-POLYMER; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SURFACE-AREA; HYDROGEN STORAGE; UPTAKE CAPACITY; IN-SITU AB Natural gas (NG), whose main component is methane, is an attractive fuel for vehicular applications. Realization of safe, cheap and convenient means and materials for high-capacity methane storage can significantly facilitate the implementation of natural gas fuelled Vehicles. The physisorption based process involving porous materials offers an efficient storage methodology and the emerging porous metal organic frameworks have been explored as potential candidates because of their extraordinarily high porosities, tunable pore/cage sizes and easily immobilized functional sites. In this view, we provide an overview of the current status of metal-organic frameworks for methane storage. C1 [He, Yabing] Zhejiang Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Jinhua 321004, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Wei] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Qian, Guodong] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP Chen, BL (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM banglin.chen@utsa.edu RI Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; He, Yabing/H-3314-2012 OI Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; FU Welch Foundation [AX-1730]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [21301156] FX This work was supported by an Award AX-1730 from Welch Foundation (BC) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21301156). NR 173 TC 387 Z9 391 U1 56 U2 359 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0306-0012 EI 1460-4744 J9 CHEM SOC REV JI Chem. Soc. Rev. PD AUG 21 PY 2014 VL 43 IS 16 BP 5657 EP 5678 DI 10.1039/c4cs00032c PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AN3UQ UT WOS:000340514600011 PM 24658531 ER PT J AU Pajerowski, DM Li, Q Hyun, J Dennis, CL Phelan, D Yan, PF Chen, P Li, GM AF Pajerowski, Daniel M. Li, Quan Hyun, Jason Dennis, Cindi L. Phelan, Daniel Yan, Pengfei Chen, Peng Li, Guangming TI Chloride-bridged, defect-dicubane {Ln(4)} core clusters: syntheses, crystal structures and magnetic properties SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-MOLECULE-MAGNET; BETA-DIKETONATE LIGANDS; ION MAGNETS; DYSPROSIUM TRIANGLES; LANTHANIDE COMPLEXES; ANISOTROPIC BARRIER; SLOW RELAXATION; GROUND-STATE; BEHAVIOR; TETRANUCLEAR AB Three chloride-bridged lanthanide compounds, [Ln(4)Cl(6)(CH3OH)(12)(OH)(12)(OH2]center dot 4Cl center dot 2CH(3)OH [Ln = Gd (1), Dy (2) and Er (3)], have been unexpectedly isolated by the reactions of LnCl(3)center dot 6H(2)O and N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-1,2-(phenylene-diamine) (H2L). X-ray crystallographic analysis reveals a triclinic cell with a unique defect-dicubane {Ln(4)} core and the structure across this series is nominally isomorphic. Measurements of direct current magnetic susceptibility and isothermal magnetization give insight into the relevant cluster Hamiltonians for 1, 2, and 3, and alternating current susceptibility shows slow relaxation in 2, but not in 1 or 3 down to 2 K and up to 1 kHz. C1 [Pajerowski, Daniel M.; Hyun, Jason; Dennis, Cindi L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Quan; Yan, Pengfei; Chen, Peng; Li, Guangming] Key Lab Funct Inorgan Mat Chem MOE, Harbin, Peoples R China. [Li, Quan; Yan, Pengfei; Chen, Peng; Li, Guangming] Heilongjiang Univ, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Harbin 150080, Peoples R China. [Phelan, Daniel] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Hyun, Jason] Montgomery Blair High Sch, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. RP Pajerowski, DM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.pajerowski@nist.gov; gmli_2000@163.com RI Li, Guangming/I-6447-2016; OI Pajerowski, Daniel/0000-0003-3890-2379 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51272069]; Summer High-school Internship Program (SHIP) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Center for Neutron Research; NIST; Center for High Resolution Neutron Scattering (CHRNS) FX This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 51272069). DMP and JH gratefully acknowledge the Summer High-school Internship Program (SHIP) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Center for Neutron Research, the financial support provided by NIST and the Center for High Resolution Neutron Scattering (CHRNS), and the usage of facilities supported, in part, by the National Science Foundation under Agreement no. DMR-0944772. NR 66 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 46 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 EI 1477-9234 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PD AUG 21 PY 2014 VL 43 IS 31 BP 11973 EP 11980 DI 10.1039/c4dt01329h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA AM4YP UT WOS:000339862400023 PM 24970397 ER PT J AU Mittal, S Fan, J Faez, S Migdall, A Taylor, JM Hafezi, M AF Mittal, S. Fan, J. Faez, S. Migdall, A. Taylor, J. M. Hafezi, M. TI Topologically Robust Transport of Photons in a Synthetic Gauge Field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL WAVE-GUIDES; ANDERSON LOCALIZATION; RANDOM-MEDIA; DELAY; STATISTICS; LIGHT; BACKSCATTERING; INSULATORS; DISPERSION; STATES AB Electronic transport is localized in low-dimensional disordered media. The addition of gauge fields to disordered media leads to fundamental changes in the transport properties. We implement a synthetic gauge field for photons using silicon-on-insulator technology. By determining the distribution of transport properties, we confirm that waves are localized in the bulk and localization is suppressed in edge states. Our system provides a new platform for investigating the transport properties of photons in the presence of synthetic gauge fields. C1 [Mittal, S.; Fan, J.; Migdall, A.; Taylor, J. M.; Hafezi, M.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mittal, S.; Hafezi, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Faez, S.] Leiden Univ, Huygens Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Hafezi, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM hafezi@umd.edu RI Faez, Sanli/A-7622-2010; Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; Hafezi, Mohammad/A-1197-2008 OI Faez, Sanli/0000-0001-8260-2117; Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; Hafezi, Mohammad/0000-0003-1679-4880 FU U.S. Army Research Office Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative [W911NF0910406]; NSF through Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute; European Research Council FX We thank A. Lobos, S. Ganeshan, and J. Keutchayan for fruitful discussions. This research was supported by the U.S. Army Research Office Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative Grant No. W911NF0910406, and the NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. S. F. acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council (Advanced Grant SiMoSoMa). NR 31 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 8 AR 087403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.087403 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AW8IF UT WOS:000346504200012 PM 25192126 ER PT J AU Zhang, JZ Fischer, CJ AF Zhang, Jia-Zhong Fischer, Charles J. TI Carbon Dynamics of Florida Bay: Spatiotemporal Patterns and Biological Control SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; INNER-SHELF LAGOON; M-CRESOL PURPLE; COASTAL WATERS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CYANOBACTERIAL BLOOMS; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; RIVER ESTUARY; GAS-EXCHANGE; PH AB Carbon dynamics of Florida Bay is manifested by wide ranges of pH (7.65-8.61), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC, 929-3223 mu M) and partial pressure of CO2 (pCO(2) 50-1313 mu atm) observed over seven years. Despite the seasonal variation, a decline of -0.0066 pH per year was observed as a result of ocean acidification and the spatiotemporal patterns were consistent with known biological processes in the bay. Microbial respiration of organic matter produced high pCO(2), resulting in Florida Bay being a CO2 source to the atmosphere during winter and spring. In summer, cyanobacteria blooms developed in the north central bay drew down pCO(2), causing bloom waters to become a CO2 sink while the nonbloom waters shrunk but remained a CO2 source. The maxima local CO2 fluxes were 36.4 +/- 10.5 and -14.0 +/- 5.6 mmol m(-2) d(-1) for the source and sink region, respectively. Cyanobacteria blooms modulated the interannual variation in bay-wide CO2 net flux, which averaged 7.96 X 10(9) +/- 1.84 X 10(9) mol yr(-1). Extensive cyanobacteria blooms in 2009 resulted in a 50% reduction in the net CO2 flux as compared with 2010 when a minimal cyanobacteria bloom occurred. C1 [Zhang, Jia-Zhong; Fischer, Charles J.] NOAA, Ocean Chem & Ecosyst Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Zhang, JZ (reprint author), NOAA, Ocean Chem & Ecosyst Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jia-zhong.zhang@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008; Fischer, Charles/A-3843-2017 OI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556; FU NOAA/OAR base funds FX The authors thank Lindsey Visser, Chris Kelble, Grant Rawson, and Jeff Judas for assistance with sample collection during the field survey in Florida Bay. This study was supported by NOAA/OAR base funds. The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the Department of Commerce. NR 68 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 19 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 16 BP 9161 EP 9169 DI 10.1021/es500510z PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN6JW UT WOS:000340701800028 PM 25020272 ER PT J AU Wild, RJ Edwards, PM Dube, WP Baumann, K Edgerton, ES Quinn, PK Roberts, JM Rollins, AW Veres, PR Warneke, C Williams, EJ Yuan, B Brown, SS AF Wild, Robert J. Edwards, Peter M. Dube, William P. Baumann, Karsten Edgerton, Eric S. Quinn, Patricia K. Roberts, James M. Rollins, Andrew W. Veres, Patrick R. Warneke, Carsten Williams, Eric J. Yuan, Bin Brown, Steven S. TI A Measurement of Total Reactive Nitrogen, NOy, together with NO2, NO, and O-3 via Cavity Ring-down Spectroscopy SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CATALYTIC-REDUCTION TECHNIQUE; IN-SITU DETECTION; INSTRUMENT; ATMOSPHERE; AIRCRAFT; NITRATES; BASIN; ACID AB We present a sensitive, compact detector that measures total reactive nitrogen (NOy), as well as NO2, NO, and O-3. In all channels, NO2 is directly detected by laser diode based cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) at 405 nm. Ambient O-3 is converted to NO2 in excess NO for the O-3 measurement channel. Likewise, ambient NO is converted to NO2 in excess O-3. Ambient NOy is thermally dissociated at similar to 700 degrees C to form NO2 or NO in a heated quartz inlet. Any NO present in ambient air or formed from thermal dissociation of other reactive nitrogen compounds is converted to NO2 in excess O-3 after the thermal converter. We measured thermal dissociation profiles for six of the major NO), components and compared ambient measurements with other instruments during field campaigns in Utah and Alabama. Alabama measurements were made in a rural location with high biogenic emissions, and Utah measurements were made in the wintertime in unusual conditions that form high ozone levels from emissions related to oil and gas production. The NOy comparison in Alabama, to an accepted standard measurement method (a molybdenum catalytic converter/chemiluminescence instrument), agreed to within 12%, which we define as an upper limit to the accuracy of the NOy channel. The 1 sigma precision is <30 pptv at 1 s and <4 pptv at 1 min time resolution for all measurement channels. The accuracy is 3% for the NO2 and O-3 channels and 5% for the NO channel. The precision and accuracy of this instrument make it a versatile alternative to standard chemiluminescence-based NOy instruments. C1 [Wild, Robert J.; Edwards, Peter M.; Dube, William P.; Rollins, Andrew W.; Veres, Patrick R.; Warneke, Carsten; Yuan, Bin] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wild, Robert J.; Edwards, Peter M.; Dube, William P.; Roberts, James M.; Rollins, Andrew W.; Veres, Patrick R.; Warneke, Carsten; Williams, Eric J.; Yuan, Bin; Brown, Steven S.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Baumann, Karsten; Edgerton, Eric S.] Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. [Quinn, Patricia K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Brown, SS (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM steven.s.brown@noaa.gov RI Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Rollins, Andrew/G-7214-2012; Edwards, Peter/H-5236-2013; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Yuan, Bin/A-1223-2012; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Wild, Robert/I-1963-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Edwards, Peter/0000-0002-1076-6793; Yuan, Bin/0000-0003-3041-0329; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Wild, Robert/0000-0002-4800-5172; FU Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado; NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle and Climate (AC4) Program FX The authors thank Joost de Gouw for help with calibrations and data analysis. This work was funded in part by an Innovative Research Proposal Grant from the Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado and in part by the NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle and Climate (AC4) Program. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 10 U2 68 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 19 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 16 BP 9609 EP 9615 DI 10.1021/es501896w PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN6JW UT WOS:000340701800080 PM 25019919 ER PT J AU Hafezi, M Adhikari, P Taylor, JM AF Hafezi, M. Adhikari, P. Taylor, J. M. TI Engineering three-body interaction and Pfaffian states in circuit QED systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM COMPUTATION; PHOTON; ANYONS; GASES AB We demonstrate a scheme to engineer the three-body interaction in circuit-QED systems by tuning a fluxonium qubit. Connecting such qubits in a square lattice and controlling the tunneling dynamics in the form of a synthesized magnetic field for the photon-like excitations of the system allows the implementation of a parent Hamiltonian whose ground state is the Pfaffian wave function. Furthermore, we show that the addition of the next-nearest-neighbor tunneling stabilizes the ground state, recovering the expected topological degeneracy even for small lattices. Finally, we discuss the implementation of these ideas with the current technology. C1 [Hafezi, M.; Adhikari, P.; Taylor, J. M.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hafezi, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hafezi, M.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hafezi, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM hafezi@umd.edu RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; Hafezi, Mohammad/A-1197-2008 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; Hafezi, Mohammad/0000-0003-1679-4880 FU U.S. Army Research Office MURI [W911NF0910406]; NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute FX This research was supported by U.S. Army Research Office MURI Award No. W911NF0910406 and NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. We thank L. Mazza, E. Kapit, A. Houck, A. Rimberg, M. Khan, F. Wellstood, and B. Palmer for fruitful discussions. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 18 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 6 AR 060503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.060503 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AO3WK UT WOS:000341267500002 ER PT J AU Woods, SI Ingvarsson, S Sun, SH Kirtley, JR AF Woods, S. I. Ingvarsson, Snorri Sun, Shouheng Kirtley, J. R. TI Analysis of the noise spectra from oxidized superparamagnetic nanoparticles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; EXCHANGE BIAS; SUPERLATTICES; SYSTEM AB Expressions for the thermal noise from a collection of exchange-biased magnetic nanoparticles are derived and used to analyze the magnetic noise from thin films of partially oxidized nanoparticles. Functionalized Co nanoparticles with diameters between 3 and 6 nm were oxygenated in solution and then deposited on oxidized silicon substrates, self-assembling into arrays of magnetic nanoparticles during solvent evaporation. Magnetization measurements exhibited the development of exchange bias with oxygenation as evidenced by an increasing exchange field and coercivity. Noise measurements of the exchange-biased nanoparticles using a micro-superconducting quantum interference device sensor are shown to be consistent with theoretical expectations and are used to extract the magnetic energy distributions of the Co/CoO nanoparticles. C1 [Woods, S. I.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ingvarsson, Snorri] Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Sun, Shouheng] Brown Univ, Dept Chem, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Kirtley, J. R.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Probing Nanoscale, Palo Alto, CA 94305 USA. RP Woods, SI (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM solomon.woods@nist.gov RI Ingvarsson, Snorri/L-1071-2013 OI Ingvarsson, Snorri/0000-0001-8397-8917 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 18 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 6 AR 060403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.060403 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AO3WK UT WOS:000341267500001 ER PT J AU Brown, MG Godin, OA Williams, NJ Zabotin, NA Zabotina, L Banker, GJ AF Brown, Michael G. Godin, Oleg A. Williams, Neil J. Zabotin, Nikolay A. Zabotina, Liudmila Banker, Geoffrey J. TI Acoustic Green's function extraction from ambient noise in a coastal ocean environment SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE noise interferometry; acoustic tomography; Green's function; ocean noise ID CROSS-CORRELATION FUNCTION; COHERENT WAVE-FRONTS; DIFFUSE FIELDS; EMERGENCE RATE; SEISMIC NOISE; ARRIVAL-TIME; OPEN SYSTEMS; TOMOGRAPHY; FLUCTUATIONS; RETRIEVAL AB We report on the results of an underwater acoustic field experiment conducted in December 2012 on the continental shelf off the Florida Keys in water of approximately 100 m depth. Ambient noise was recorded concurrently on three moored near-bottom instruments with horizontal separations of approximately 5 km, 10 km, and 15 km. We focus in this letter on instrument pairs with 5 km and 10 km separations. Consistent with theoretical predictions, coherent sums of many realizations of cross correlations of ambient noise records at two measurement locations are shown to yield approximations to deterministic acoustic Green's functions that describe propagation between those two locations. The results presented demonstrate the feasibility of extracting information suitable for use in tomographic inversions from measurements of underwater acoustic ambient noise. C1 [Brown, Michael G.; Williams, Neil J.; Banker, Geoffrey J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Godin, Oleg A.; Zabotin, Nikolay A.; Zabotina, Liudmila] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Godin, Oleg A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Brown, MG (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM mbrown@rsmas.miami.edu RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011; Zabotin, Nikolay/A-9639-2015 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149; Zabotin, Nikolay/0000-0003-0715-1082 FU National Science Foundation [OCE1129860, OCE1129524]; Office of Naval Research [N000141210182] FX We thank David Mann, Loggerhead Instruments, and Hien Nguyen for working with us to implement design modifications to the standard Loggerhead Instruments noise recording systems. The data presented in this letter are available from the authors (M. G. B. or O.A.G.). This work was supported by the National Science Foundation grants OCE1129860 and OCE1129524 and the Office of Naval Research grant N000141210182. NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 15 BP 5555 EP 5562 DI 10.1002/2014GL060926 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AP0BI UT WOS:000341725200031 ER PT J AU Collow, TW Robock, A Wu, W AF Collow, Thomas W. Robock, Alan Wu, Wei TI Influences of soil moisture and vegetation on convective precipitation forecasts over the United States Great Plains SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LAND-COVER DATA; EQUIVALENT TEMPERATURE; DEEP CONVECTION; NORTH-AMERICA; ETA-MODEL; MESOSCALE; IMPACT; SATELLITE; SIMULATIONS; SENSITIVITY AB This study investigates the influences of soil moisture and vegetation on 30 h convective precipitation forecasts using the Weather Research and Forecasting model over the United States Great Plains with explicit treatment of convection. North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) data were used as initial and boundary conditions. We also used an adjusted soil moisture (uniformly adding 0.10 m(3)/m(3) over all soil layers based on NARR biases) to determine whether using a simple observationally based adjustment of soil moisture forcing would provide more accurate simulations and how the soil moisture addition would impact meteorological parameters for different vegetation types. Current and extreme (forest and barren) land covers were examined. Compared to the current vegetation cover, the complete removal of vegetation produced substantially less precipitation, while conversion to forest led to small differences in precipitation. Adding 0.10 m(3)/m(3) to the soil moisture with the current vegetation cover lowered the near surface temperature and increased the humidity to a similar degree as using a fully forested domain with no soil moisture adjustment. However, these temperature and humidity effects on convective available potential energy and moist enthalpy nearly canceled each other out, resulting in a limited precipitation response. Although no substantial changes in precipitation forecasts were found using the adjusted soil moisture, the similarity found between temperature and humidity forecasts using the increased soil moisture and those with a forested domain highlights the sensitivity of the model to soil moisture changes, reinforcing the need for accurate soil moisture initialization in numerical weather forecasting models. C1 [Collow, Thomas W.; Robock, Alan] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Wu, Wei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm & Climate Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Collow, TW (reprint author), INNOVIM LLC, NOAA NWS NCEP Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. EM tcollow@envsci.rutgers.edu RI Robock, Alan/B-6385-2016 FU NASA [NNX09AJ99G]; Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program; National Science Foundation FX This work has been supported by NASA grant NNX09AJ99G and the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. Calculations were performed at the NCAR Wyoming Supercomputing Center, which is supported by the National Science Foundation. NARR data used in this study are available for download at http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds608.0/. We thank Martin Schoonen (BNL) and Peter Daum (BNL) for carefully reading and editing this manuscript, Benjamin Lintner (Rutgers University) for his valuable suggestions on the analysis, and Jeffrey Basara from the University of Oklahoma for providing us with the Oklahoma Mesonet soil moisture data. We finally thank four anonymous reviewers for their feedback on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 68 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 15 BP 9338 EP 9358 DI 10.1002/2014JD021454 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO2ZK UT WOS:000341197400010 ER PT J AU Zaleski, A Atkinson, S Burkanov, V Quinn, T AF Zaleski, Adam Atkinson, Shannon Burkanov, Vladimir Quinn, Terrance, II TI The effect of organohalogen contaminants on western Steller sea lion survival and movement in the Russian Far East SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Organohalogen contaminants; Steller sea lions; Survival probability; Resighting probability; Movement probability ID TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; ARCTIC MARINE MAMMALS; NORTHERN FUR-SEAL; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; PERSISTENT ORGANOCHLORINES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; GLOBAL TRANSPORT; BERING-SEA; PUPS AB The western stock of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) have experienced dramatic declines since the 1960s, particularly in the western Alaskan and Asian portions, which have continued to decline or stabilized at low levels. Multiple causes for this decline have been proposed andmay include anthropogenic contamination from organohalogen contaminants (OCs). These include polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), which have not been ruled out as a potential cause for the lack of recovery. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of OCs on survival and movement probabilities estimated in program MARK using resighting data collected from 2003 to 2009. PCBs and DDTs were measured in whole blood from 136 (74 males and 62 females) individually marked, free-ranging pups from four Russian Far East rookeries. The mean concentration of Sigma PCB and Sigma DDT was 4.25 +/- 5.12 and 3.22 +/- 4.28 ng g(-1) ww (n = 136), respectively, and the averageSPCB and Sigma DDT concentration for those above the aggregate mean (n = 44) was 9.25 +/- 6.55 and 7.65 +/- 5.21 ng g(-1) ww, and those below the aggregate mean (n = 92) the concentration was 1.86 0.89 and 1.11 +/- 0.65 ng g(-1) ww, respectively. The lowest estimated probabilities of survival occurred in the first year, ranging from 38% to 74%, but increased for ages 1-9, ranging from 82% to 94%. The greatest movement occurred from Medny Island west toward the Kamchatka Peninsula (33%) and to Bering Island (18%), and low movement estimates for other natal rookeries was largely due to minimal resighting effort. The estimated probabilities of resighting varied by location (48%-87%), but had greater precision than survival or movement parameters. Survival and movement were most affected by age and location rather than OCs. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zaleski, Adam; Atkinson, Shannon; Quinn, Terrance, II] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Burkanov, Vladimir] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Burkanov, Vladimir] Russian Acad Sci, Kamchatka Branch, Pacific Geog Inst, Far East Branch, Moscow 117901, Russia. RP Atkinson, S (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Ctr, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM shannon.atkinson@alaska.edu FU National Science Foundation through the Sustainable Ecosystem-Based Management of Living Marine Resources program at the University of Alaska Fairbanks School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences [1011707]; Pollock Conservation Cooperative Research Center [G5584] FX This project is an extension of the research of the late Dr. Matthew Myers. Support for this project was provided by a graduate fellowship from the National Science Foundation through the Sustainable Ecosystem-Based Management of Living Marine Resources program at the University of Alaska Fairbanks School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences (fellowship # 1011707). The Pollock Conservation Cooperative Research Center provided additional fellowship funds to complete this research (award #G5584). Samples and resighting data were provided by the National Marine Mammal Laboratory and North Pacific Wildlife Consulting. Assistance with MARK analyses was provided by Suzie Teerlink. Assistance with the study area map was provided by Dr. JasonWaite. We thank Gina Ylitalo and Peggy Krahn who provided contaminant analysis and data assistance. We are grateful to Dr. Sherry Tamone for her input and edits throughout this project. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 15 PY 2014 VL 490 BP 561 EP 569 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.113 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AY0NT UT WOS:000347293800060 PM 24887189 ER PT J AU Dietrich, JP Van Gaest, AL Strickland, SA Hutchinson, GP Krupkin, AB Arkoosh, MR AF Dietrich, Joseph P. Van Gaest, Ahna L. Strickland, Stacy A. Hutchinson, Greg P. Krupkin, Alex B. Arkoosh, Mary R. TI Toxicity of PHOS-CHEK LC-95A and 259F fire retardants to ocean- and stream-type Chinook salmon and their potential to recover before seawater entry SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Salmon; Wildfire; Toxicity; PHOS-CHEK; Smoltification; Fire retardant ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; RAINBOW-TROUT; SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; CHEMICALS; AMMONIA; PARR; EXPOSURE; SMOLTIFICATION; TSHAWYTSCHA AB Long-termfire retardants are used to prevent the spread ofwildland fire, but have inadvertently entered aquatic habitats and resulted in fish kills. Weexamined the toxicity of two fire retardant products; PHOS-CHEK 259F and LC-95A, on Chinook salmon with two different life histories, ocean-type and stream-type, at different stages of their development. Ocean-type Chinook outmigrate to the ocean as subyearlings; while, stream-type salmon overwinter in freshwater and outmigrate as yearlings. Ocean-type and stream-type salmon were exposed to the fire retardants prior to their parr to smolt transition (presmolts) as subyearlings (stream-type and oceantype) and yearlings (stream-type only), as well as during their transition (smolts). The salmon were exposed to eight concentrations of each retardant and a control for 96 h to determine acute toxicity. Lethal concentration curves were modeled by logistic regression for each life history and life stage exposed to the two fire retardants. Among all life histories and life stages tested, PHOS-CHEK 259F was most toxic to stream-type salmon at smolt stage and PHOS-CHEK LC-95A was most toxic to ocean-type salmon at smolt stage. To determine the delayed effects of product exposures on fish health as well as for the potential of recovery, 24-hour seawater challenges were performed immediately after fire retardant exposure, as well as after a recovery period. Previous PHOSCHEK exposure reduced survival during seawater challenge among salmon from both life histories undergoing the parr-smolt transition and was more pronounced after PHOS-CHEK LC-95A exposure. However, this delayed effect was not observed 34 or more days after either PHOS-CHEK exposure. We conclude that accidental PHOSCHEK LC-95A or 259F drops during salmon outmigration would have adverse impacts that extend beyond the acute mortality that occurs within the immediate drop and dilution areas. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dietrich, Joseph P.; Van Gaest, Ahna L.; Strickland, Stacy A.; Hutchinson, Greg P.; Krupkin, Alex B.; Arkoosh, Mary R.] NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Dietrich, JP (reprint author), 2032 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM joseph.dietrich@noaa.gov; vangaest@gmail.com; sas70@me.com; hutching@onid.orst.edu; krupkinalex@gmail.com; mary.arkoosh@noaa.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture-Forest Service Wildland Fire Chemical Systems Program [10-IA-11130206-046] FX We are sincerely grateful for the technical efforts of Deborah Boylen and the animal care assistance provided by Kalle Applegate, Lauren Arkoosh, Stacie Farwell, Athena Jackson, and Alice McKinstry. We also appreciate the insights provided by Edward E. Little, U.S. Geological Survey-CERC, Columbia, Missouri. The present study was financially supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (# 10-IA-11130206-046)-Forest Service Wildland Fire Chemical Systems Program. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 15 PY 2014 VL 490 BP 610 EP 621 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.038 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AY0NT UT WOS:000347293800065 PM 24880550 ER PT J AU Sale, PF Agardy, T Ainsworth, CH Feist, BE Bell, JD Christie, P Hoegh-Guldberg, O Mumby, PJ Feary, DA Saunders, MI Daw, TM Foale, SJ Levin, PS Lindeman, KC Lorenzen, K Pomeroy, RS Allison, EH Bradbury, RH Corrin, J Edwards, AJ Obura, DO de Mitcheson, YJS Samoilys, MA Sheppard, CRC AF Sale, Peter F. Agardy, Tundi Ainsworth, Cameron H. Feist, Blake E. Bell, Johann D. Christie, Patrick Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove Mumby, Peter J. Feary, David A. Saunders, Megan I. Daw, Tim M. Foale, Simon J. Levin, Phillip S. Lindeman, Kenyon C. Lorenzen, Kai Pomeroy, Robert S. Allison, Edward H. Bradbury, R. H. Corrin, Jennifer Edwards, Alasdair J. Obura, David O. de Mitcheson, Yvonne J. Sadovy Samoilys, Melita A. Sheppard, Charles R. C. TI Transforming management of tropical coastal seas to cope with challenges of the 21st century SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material DE Tropical coastal fishery; Coastal resource management; Coral reef; Marine spatial planning; Global change; Socio-ecological management ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; FOOD SECURITY; CORAL-REEFS; LEVEL RISE; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; STOCK ENHANCEMENT AB Over 1.3 billion people live on tropical coasts, primarily in developing countries. Many depend on adjacent coastal seas for food, and livelihoods. We show how trends in demography and in several local and global anthropogenic stressors are progressively degrading capacity of coastal waters to sustain these people. Far more effective approaches to environmental management are needed if the loss in provision of ecosystem goods and services is to be stemmed. We propose expanded use of marine spatial planning as a framework for more effective, pragmatic management based on ocean zones to accommodate conflicting uses. This would force the holistic, regional-scale reconciliation of food security, livelihoods, and conservation that is needed. Transforming how countries manage coastal resources will require major change in policy and politics, implemented with sufficient flexibility to accommodate societal variations. Achieving this change is a major challenge - one that affects the lives of one fifth of humanity. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sale, Peter F.] United Nations Univ, Inst Water Environm & Hlth, Hamilton, ON L8P OA1, Canada. [Agardy, Tundi] Sound Seas, Bethesda, MD 20816 USA. [Ainsworth, Cameron H.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Feist, Blake E.; Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Bell, Johann D.] Secretariat Pacific Commun, Fisheries Aquaculture & Marine Ecosyst Div, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia. [Christie, Patrick] Univ Washington, Sch Marine & Environm Affairs, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Christie, Patrick] Univ Washington, Jackson Sch Int Studies, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove; Saunders, Megan I.] Univ Queensland, Global Change Inst, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Mumby, Peter J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Feary, David A.] Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Environm, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia. [Daw, Tim M.] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Resilience Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Daw, Tim M.; Allison, Edward H.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Int Dev, Norwich NR4 7HU, Norfolk, England. [Foale, Simon J.] James Cook Univ, Sch Arts & Social Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Lindeman, Kenyon C.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Educ & Interdisciplinary Studies, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Lorenzen, Kai] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Pomeroy, Robert S.] Univ Connecticut, Agr & Resource Econ CT Sea Grant, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Bradbury, R. H.] Australian Natl Univ, Crawford Sch Publ Policy, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Corrin, Jennifer] Univ Queensland, Ctr Publ Int & Comparat Law, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Corrin, Jennifer] Univ Queensland, TC Beirne Sch Law, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Edwards, Alasdair J.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Biol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Obura, David O.; Samoilys, Melita A.] CORDIO East Africa, Mombasa 80101, Kenya. [de Mitcheson, Yvonne J. Sadovy] Univ Hong Kong, Swire Inst Marine Sci, Shek O, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Sheppard, Charles R. C.] Univ Warwick, Sch Life Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Sale, PF (reprint author), United Nations Univ, Inst Water Environm & Hlth, 175 Longwood Rd, Hamilton, ON L8P OA1, Canada. EM sale@uwindsor.ca RI Foale, Simon/M-5872-2014; Research ID, CTBCC /O-3564-2014; Edwards, Alasdair/C-9558-2009; Feist, Blake/H-2669-2012; Saunders, Megan/I-7731-2012 OI Foale, Simon/0000-0003-0809-872X; Edwards, Alasdair/0000-0002-2979-7389; Feist, Blake/0000-0001-5215-4878; Saunders, Megan/0000-0002-8549-5609 NR 121 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 90 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD AUG 15 PY 2014 VL 85 IS 1 BP 8 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.005 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AO6NH UT WOS:000341468300014 PM 24997002 ER PT J AU Donnelly-Greenan, EL Harvey, JT Nevins, HM Hester, MM Walker, WA AF Donnelly-Greenan, Erica L. Harvey, James T. Nevins, Hannahrose M. Hester, Michelle M. Walker, William A. TI Prey and plastic ingestion of Pacific Northern Fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis rogersii) from Monterey Bay, California SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Northern Fulmar; Plastic; Cephalopod; Ingestion; Diet ID MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; SEABIRDS; PARTICLES; POLLUTION; SEA; CEPHALOPODS; ATLANTIC; DEBRIS; BIRDS; DIET AB Marine plastic pollution affects seabirds, including Pacific Northern Fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis rodgersii), that feed at the surface and mistake plastic for prey or incidentally ingest it. Direct and indirect health issues can result, including satiety and possibly leading to inefficient foraging. Our objective was to examine fulmar body condition, identify cephalopod diet to species, enumerate and weigh ingested plastic, and determine if prey number and size were correlated with ingested plastics in beach-cast fulmars wintering in Monterey Bay California (2003, n = 178: 2007, n = 185). Fulmars consumed mostly Gonatus pyros, G. onyx, and G. californiensis of similar size for both years. We found a significant negative correlation between pectoral muscle index and average size of cephalopod beaks per stomach; a significant increase in plastic categories between 2003 and 2007; and no significant correlation between number and mass of plastic compared with number and size of prey for either year. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Donnelly-Greenan, Erica L.; Harvey, James T.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Donnelly-Greenan, Erica L.; Nevins, Hannahrose M.] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Off Spill Prevent & Response, Marine Wildlife Vet Care & Res Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Donnelly-Greenan, Erica L.; Nevins, Hannahrose M.; Hester, Michelle M.] Oikonos Ecosyst Knowledge, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Walker, William A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Donnelly-Greenan, EL (reprint author), Oikonos Ecosyst Knowledge, POB 2570, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM erica@oikonos.org; jharvey@mlml.calstate.edu; hannah@oikonos.org; michelle@oikonos.org; mindwalk@msn.com FU Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge; Dr. Earl and Ethel Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust; Graduate Equity Scholarship; Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Vertebrate Ecology Lab FX This work was partially funded by Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge and supported by the Dr. Earl and Ethel Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust and the Graduate Equity Scholarship. A special thanks to Scott Shaffer (SJSU), and Jan van Franeker (IMARES). Jan inspired this study and was always informative, approachable, and quick to answer emails on the other side of the world. Thank you to the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Vertebrate Ecology Lab, Corinne Gibble, Elizabeth Phillips, Colleen Young, Jack Ames, Josha Adams, BeachCOMBERS and Monterey SPCA volunteers, Simon Brown, Kim Starbuck, and Dr. Herbert Lee (UCSC) for all the support and assistance. NR 76 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD AUG 15 PY 2014 VL 85 IS 1 BP 214 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.05.046 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AO6NH UT WOS:000341468300036 PM 24951249 ER PT J AU Baumann, E Deschenes, JD Giorgetta, FR Swann, WC Coddington, I Newbury, NR AF Baumann, Esther Deschenes, Jean-Daniel Giorgetta, Fabrizio R. Swann, William C. Coddington, Ian Newbury, Nathan R. TI Speckle phase noise in coherent laser ranging: fundamental precision limitations SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE LADAR; CHIRP LINEARIZATION; ROUGH SURFACES; RADAR AB Frequency-modulated continuous-wave laser detection and ranging (FMCW LADAR) measures the range to a surface through coherent detection of the backscattered light from a frequency-swept laser source. The ultimate limit to the range precision of FMCW LADAR, or any coherent LADAR, to a diffusely scattering surface will be determined by the unavoidable speckle phase noise. Here, we demonstrate the two main manifestations of this limit. First, frequency-dependent speckle phase noise leads to a non-Gaussian range distribution having outliers that approach the system range resolution, regardless of the signal-to-noise ratio. These outliers are reduced only through improved range resolution (i.e., higher optical bandwidths). Second, if the range is measured during a continuous lateral scan across a surface, the spatial pattern of speckle phase is converted to frequency noise, which leads to additional excess range uncertainty. We explore these two effects and show that laboratory results agree with analytical expressions and numerical simulations. We also show that at 1 THz optical bandwidth, range precisions below 10 mu m are achievable regardless of these effects. C1 [Baumann, Esther; Deschenes, Jean-Daniel; Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.; Swann, William C.; Coddington, Ian; Newbury, Nathan R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Baumann, E (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM baumann@nist.gov RI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014; Baumann, Esther/P-1315-2015 OI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912; Baumann, Esther/0000-0002-6569-2090 FU DARPA EPHI; NIST FX We acknowledge helpful comments from P. Hale and P. Williams and funding from DARPA EPHI and NIST. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 21 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 16 BP 4776 EP 4779 DI 10.1364/OL.39.004776 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA AO1UD UT WOS:000341099400037 PM 25121872 ER PT J AU Landsea, CW Hagen, A Bredemeyer, W Carrasco, C Glenn, DA Santiago, A Strahan-Sakoskie, D Dickinson, M AF Landsea, Christopher W. Hagen, Andrew Bredemeyer, William Carrasco, Cristina Glenn, David A. Santiago, Adrian Strahan-Sakoskie, Donna Dickinson, Michael TI A Reanalysis of the 1931-43 Atlantic Hurricane Database SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article AB A reanalysis of the Atlantic basin tropical storm and hurricane database ("best track") for the period from 1931 to 1943 has been completed as part of the Atlantic Hurricane Database Reanalysis Project. This reassessment of the main archive for tropical cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico was necessary to correct systematic biases and random errors in the data as well as to search for previously unrecognized systems. Methodology for the reanalysis process for revising the track and intensity of tropical cyclone data is largely unchanged from that of the preceding couple of decades and has been detailed in a previous paper on the reanalysis. Accurate Environmental Forecasting's numerical weather prediction-based wind field model was utilized here to help determine which states were impacted by various hurricane force winds in several U.S. landfalling major hurricanes during this era. The 1931-43 dataset now includes 23 new tropical cyclones, excludes five systems previously considered tropical storms, makes generally large alterations in the intensity estimates of most tropical cyclones (at various times both toward stronger and weaker intensities), and typically adjusts existing tracks with minor corrections. Average errors in intensity and track values are estimated for both open ocean conditions as well as for landfalling systems. Finally, highlights are given for changes to the more significant hurricanes to impact the United States, Central America, and the Caribbean for this time period. C1 [Landsea, Christopher W.] NOAA NWS NCEP Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL 33165 USA. [Hagen, Andrew; Bredemeyer, William; Carrasco, Cristina; Santiago, Adrian] Univ Miami, CIMAS, Miami, FL USA. [Glenn, David A.] NOAA NWS WFO Morehead City, Morehead City, NC USA. [Strahan-Sakoskie, Donna] Univ N Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Dickinson, Michael] WeatherPredict Consulting Inc, Wakefield, RI USA. RP Landsea, CW (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP Natl Hurricane Ctr, 11695 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA. EM chris.landsea@noaa.gov FU NOAA Climate Program Office on "Atlantic basin tropical cyclone database reanalysis and impact of incomplete sampling"; Risk Prediction Initiative on "A reanalysis of ten U.S. landfalling hurricanes" FX This work has been sponsored by a grant from the NOAA Climate Program Office on "Atlantic basin tropical cyclone database reanalysis and impact of incomplete sampling." The component that included the AEF wind model work was supported by a grant from the Risk Prediction Initiative on "A reanalysis of ten U.S. landfalling hurricanes." The authors wish to thank the current NHC Best Track Change Committee (Chairman Jack Beven, Eric Blake, Todd Kimberlain, Richard Pasch, Gladys Rubio, and Eric Uhlhorn) and past members (Lixion Avila, Hugh Cobb, Jim Gross, Brian Jarvinen, Colin McAdie, and Ed Rappaport) for their encouragement and detailed suggestions that have helped to quality control the thousands of alterations and additions to HURDAT2. Special thanks for their individual contributions toward this project for this era are also given to Gloria Aversano and the NHC regional library, James Belanger, Auguste Boissonnade and Risk Management Solutions, Mike Chenoweth, Gil Clark, Sandy Delgado, Daniel Gladstein, Mark Jelinek, Cary Mock, Charlie Neumann, Astryd Rodriguez, David Roth, and Mark Zimmer. Joan David kindly prepared the track map figures utilized in this paper. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG 15 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 16 BP 6093 EP 6118 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00503.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN0YV UT WOS:000340310800001 ER PT J AU Khan, SI Hong, Y Gourley, JJ Khattak, MUK Yong, B Vergara, HJ AF Khan, Sadiq Ibrahim Hong, Yang Gourley, Jonathan J. Khattak, Muhammad Umar Khan Yong, Bin Vergara, Humberto J. TI Evaluation of three high-resolution satellite precipitation estimates: Potential for monsoon monitoring over Pakistan SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Satellite precipitation; TRMM; CMORPH; Pakistan monsoon ID MEASURING MISSION TRMM; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; RAINFALL ESTIMATION; TROPICAL RAINFALL; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; HIMALAYAN REGION; ANALYSIS TMPA; RADAR; CONVECTION; PRODUCTS AB Multi-sensor precipitation datasets including two products from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) and estimates from Climate Prediction Center Morphing Technique (CMORPH) product were quantitatively evaluated to study the monsoon variability over Pakistan. Several statistical and graphical techniques are applied to illustrate the nonconformity of the three satellite products from the gauge observations. During the monsoon season (JAS), the three satellite precipitation products captures the intense precipitation well, all showing high correlation for high rain rates (>30 mm/day). The spatial and temporal satellite rainfall error variability shows a significant geo-topography dependent distribution, as all the three products overestimate over mountain ranges in the north and coastal region in the south parts of Indus basin. The TMPA-RT product tends to overestimate light rain rates (approximately 100%) and the bias is low for high rain rates (about +/- 20%). In general, daily comparisons from 2005 to 2010 show the best agreement between the TMPA-V7 research product and gauge observations with correlation coefficient values ranging from moderate (0.4) to high (0.8) over the spatial domain of Pakistan. The seasonal variation of rainfall frequency has large biases (100-140%) over high latitudes (36N) with complex terrain for daily, monsoon, and pre-monsoon comparisons. Relatively low uncertainties and errors (Bias +/- 25% and MAE 1-10 mm) were associated with the TMPA-RT product during the monsoon-dominated region (32-35N), thus demonstrating their potential use for developing an operational hydrological application of the satellite-based near real-time products in Pakistan for flood monitoring. (C) 2014 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Khan, Sadiq Ibrahim; Hong, Yang; Vergara, Humberto J.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Khan, Sadiq Ibrahim; Hong, Yang; Vergara, Humberto J.] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.] Natl Weather Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Khattak, Muhammad Umar Khan] Natl Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Geog Informat Syst, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan. [Yong, Bin] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Khan, SI (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Natl Weather Ctr, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 3605, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM sadiq@ou.edu RI Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Yong, Bin/C-2257-2014 OI Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Yong, Bin/0000-0003-1466-2091 FU Pakistan-US Science and Technology Cooperation Program; United States Agency for International Development (USAID); Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST); Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (HEC) FX This research work was supported by the ongoing project under the Pakistan-US Science and Technology Cooperation Program jointly funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) with the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) and the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (HEC). This program is being implemented by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. The authors would like to acknowledge Climate Data Processing Centre of Pakistan Meteorological Department for providing rainfall data. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2014 VL 54 IS 4 BP 670 EP 684 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2014.04.017 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM2PH UT WOS:000339692800010 ER PT J AU Madankan, R Pouget, S Singla, P Bursik, M Dehn, J Jones, M Patra, A Pavolonis, M Pitman, EB Singh, T Webley, P AF Madankan, R. Pouget, S. Singla, P. Bursik, M. Dehn, J. Jones, M. Patra, A. Pavolonis, M. Pitman, E. B. Singh, T. Webley, P. TI Computation of probabilistic hazard maps and source parameter estimation for volcanic ash transport and dispersion SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Inverse problem; Source parameter estimation; Polynomial chaos; Minimum variance estimator; Hazard map ID DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; POLYNOMIAL-CHAOS; PLUMES; MODEL; VALIDATION; WIND AB Volcanic ash advisory centers are charged with forecasting the movement of volcanic ash plumes, for aviation, health and safety preparation. Deterministic mathematical equations model the advection and dispersion of these plumes. However initial plume conditions - height, profile of particle location, volcanic vent parameters - are known only approximately at best, and other features of the governing system such as the windfield are stochastic. These uncertainties make forecasting plume motion difficult. As a result of these uncertainties, ash advisories based on a deterministic approach tend to be conservative, and many times over/under estimate the extent of a plume. This paper presents an end-to-end framework for generating a probabilistic approach to ash plume forecasting. This framework uses an ensemble of solutions, guided by Conjugate Unscented Transform (CUT) method for evaluating expectation integrals. This ensemble is used to construct a polynomial chaos expansion that can be sampled cheaply, to provide a probabilistic model forecast. The CUT method is then combined with a minimum variance condition, to provide a full posterior pdf of the uncertain source parameters, based on observed satellite imagery. The April 2010 eruption of the Eyjafjallajokull volcano in Iceland is employed as a test example. The puff advection/dispersion model is used to hindcast the motion of the ash plume through time, concentrating on the period 14-16 April 2010. Variability in the height and particle loading of that eruption is introduced through a volcano column model called bent. Output uncertainty due to the assumed uncertain input parameter probability distributions, and a probabilistic spatial-temporal estimate of ash presence are computed. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Madankan, R.; Singla, P.; Patra, A.; Singh, T.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Pouget, S.; Bursik, M.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Jones, M.] SUNY Buffalo, Ctr Computat Res, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Pitman, E. B.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Math, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Dehn, J.; Webley, P.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Pavolonis, M.] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. RP Singla, P (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM psingla@buffalo.edu RI Pavolonis, Mike/F-5618-2010; Singla, Puneet/D-3642-2012; Webley, Peter/F-8238-2015; Singh, Tarunraj /K-8496-2013; Patra, Abani/F-8262-2016 OI Pavolonis, Mike/0000-0001-5822-219X; Singla, Puneet/0000-0002-2441-2531; Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151; Singh, Tarunraj /0000-0003-0377-6122; FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CMMI-1131074, CMMI-1054759]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-11-1-0336] FX This material is based upon work jointly supported through National Science Foundation (NSF) under Awards Nos. CMMI-1131074, CMMI-1054759 and Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) grant number FA9550-11-1-0336. All results and opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect opinions of NSF or AFOSR. NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2014 VL 271 BP 39 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2013.11.032 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA AI1NW UT WOS:000336618800004 ER PT J AU Hati, A Nelson, CW Howe, DA AF Hati, A. Nelson, C. W. Howe, D. A. TI Reducing oscillator PM noise from AM-PM noise correlation SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A new scheme for reducing the phase-modulated (PM) noise of an oscillator from correlation between amplitude-modulated (AM) and PM noise is presented. Experimental results of this correlation effect are also presented. An improvement of almost 10 dB in the PM noise is reported for frequency offsets with strong correlation. C1 [Hati, A.; Nelson, C. W.; Howe, D. A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hati, A (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM archita.hati@nist.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 EI 1350-911X J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD AUG 14 PY 2014 VL 50 IS 17 BP 1195 EP 1196 DI 10.1049/el.2014.2210 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AO0TN UT WOS:000341025300012 ER PT J AU Pillsbury, NR Kidwell, NM Nebgen, B Slipchenko, LV Douglass, KO Cable, JR Plusquellic, DF Zwier, TS AF Pillsbury, Nathan R. Kidwell, Nathanael M. Nebgen, Benjamin Slipchenko, Lyudmila V. Douglass, Kevin O. Cable, John R. Plusquellic, David F. Zwier, Timothy S. TI Vibronic coupling in asymmetric bichromophores: Experimental investigation of diphenylmethane-d(5) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRA; SPECTROMETER AB Vibrationally and rotationally resolved electronic spectra of diphenylmethane-d(5) (DPM-d(5)Z) are reported in the isolated-molecule environment of a supersonic expansion. While small, the asymmetry induced by deuteration of one of the aromatic rings is sufficient to cause several important effects that change the principle mechanism of vibronic coupling between the close-lying S-1 and S-2 states, and spectroscopic signatures such coupling produces. The splitting between S-1 and S-2 origins is 186 cm(-1), about 50% greater than its value in DPM-d(0) (123 cm(-1)), and an amount sufficient to bring the S-2 zero-point level into near-resonance with the v = 1 level in the S-1 state of a low-frequency phenyl flapping mode, nu(R) = 191 cm(-1). Dispersed fluorescence spectra bear clear evidence that Delta v(R) = 1 Herzberg-Teller coupling dominates the near-resonant internal mixing between the S-1 and S-2 manifolds. The fluorescence into each pair of Franck-Condon active ring modes shows an asymmetry that suggests incorrectly that the S-1 and S-2 states may be electronically localized. From rotationally resolved studies, the S-0 and S-1 states have been well-fit to asymmetric rotor Hamiltonians while the S-2 state is perturbed and not fit. The transition dipole moment (TDM) orientation of the S-1 state is nearly perpendicular to the C-2 symmetry axes with 66(2)%:3(1)%:34(2)% a:b:c hybrid-type character while that of the S-2 origin contains 50(10)% a:c-type (S-1) and 50(10)% b-type (S-2) character. A model is put forward that explains qualitatively the TDM compositions and dispersed emission patterns without the need to invoke electronic localization. The experimental data discussed here serve as a foundation for a multi-mode vibronic coupling model capable of being applied to asymmetric bichromophores, as presented in the work of B. Nebgen and L. V. Slipchenko ["Vibronic coupling in asymmetric bichromophores: Theory and application to diphenylmethane-d(5)," J. Chem. Phys. (submitted)]. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Pillsbury, Nathan R.; Kidwell, Nathanael M.; Nebgen, Benjamin; Slipchenko, Lyudmila V.; Zwier, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Douglass, Kevin O.; Plusquellic, David F.] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cable, John R.] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Chem, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. [Cable, John R.] Bowling Green State Univ, Ctr Photochem Sci, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP Plusquellic, DF (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM david.plusquellic@nist.gov; zwier@purdue.edu OI Nebgen, Ben/0000-0001-5310-3263 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-96ER14656]; National Science Foundation [CHE-0955419]; Purdue Research Foundation FX N.R.P., N.M.K., and T.S.Z. gratefully acknowledge that this material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award No. DE-FG02-96ER14656. B.N. and L. V. S. acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation Career Grant No. CHE-0955419 and Purdue Research Foundation. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 14 PY 2014 VL 141 IS 6 AR 064316 DI 10.1063/1.4892344 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AN6OH UT WOS:000340713700038 PM 25134580 ER PT J AU Sarkar, S Langer, S Schachenmayer, J Daley, AJ AF Sarkar, S. Langer, S. Schachenmayer, J. Daley, A. J. TI Light scattering and dissipative dynamics of many fermionic atoms in an optical lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MATRIX PRODUCT STATES; QUANTUM SIMULATIONS; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; ULTRACOLD GASES; MOTT INSULATOR; HUBBARD-MODEL; SYSTEMS; RADIATION; PHYSICS AB We investigate the many-body dissipative dynamics of fermionic atoms in an optical lattice in the presence of incoherent light scattering. Deriving and solving a master equation to describe this process microscopically for many particles, we observe contrasting behavior in terms of the robustness against this type of heating for different many-body states. In particular, we find that the magnetic correlations exhibited by a two-component gas in the Mott insulating phase should be particularly robust against decoherence from light scattering, because the decoherence in the lowest band is suppressed by a larger factor than the time scales for effective superexchange interactions that drive coherent dynamics. Furthermore, the derived formalism naturally generalizes to analogous states with SU(N) symmetry. In contrast, for typical atomic and laser parameters, two-particle correlation functions describing bound dimers for strong attractive interactions exhibit superradiant effects due to the indistinguishability of off-resonant photons scattered by atoms in different internal states. This leads to rapid decay of correlations describing off-diagonal long-range order for these states. Our predictions should be directly measurable in ongoing experiments, providing a basis for characterizing and controlling heating processes in quantum simulation with fermions. C1 [Sarkar, S.; Langer, S.; Schachenmayer, J.; Daley, A. J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Schachenmayer, J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Daley, A. J.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. [Daley, A. J.] Univ Strathclyde, SUPA, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. RP Sarkar, S (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RI Daley, Andrew/F-5366-2014; OI Daley, Andrew/0000-0001-9005-7761; SCHACHENMAYER, JOHANNES/0000-0001-9420-5768 FU AFOSR Grant [FA9550-13-1-0093] FX We thank Dan Boyanovsky, Randy Hulet, Wolfgang Ketterle, Ken O'Hara, Hannes Pichler, Ulrich Schneider, Matthias Troyer, and Peter Zoller for helpful and motivating discussions. This work was supported by AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-13-1-0093. Computational resources were provided by the Center for Simulation and Modeling at the University of Pittsburgh. NR 92 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG 13 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 2 AR 023618 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.023618 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AN9TW UT WOS:000340952700007 ER PT J AU Kilbane, D O'Sullivan, G Podpaly, YA Gillaspy, JD Reader, J Ralchenko, Y AF Kilbane, Deirdre O'Sullivan, Gerald Podpaly, Yuri A. Gillaspy, John D. Reader, Joseph Ralchenko, Yuri TI EUV spectra of Rb-like to Ni-like dysprosium ions in an electron beam ion trap SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D LA English DT Article ID LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS; 4D-4F EMISSION RESONANCES; MANY-BODY CALCULATIONS; RARE-EARTH IONS; CHARGED CU-LIKE; GA-LIKE IONS; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; DENSITY TOKAMAK; ENERGY-LEVELS; ZN AB Extreme ultraviolet radiation emitted from highly-charged dysprosium ions was measured at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The ions were created, trapped, and excited in an electron beam ion trap (EBIT), and the spectra were recorded with a flat-field grazing-incidence spectrometer in the wavelength range 3 nm to 17 nm. Tuning the electron beam energies between 1.2 keV and 2.0 keV resulted in a selection of Rb-like Dy29+ to Ni-like Dy38+ ions. Identification of strong n = 4-n = 4 transitions was achieved by collisional-radiative modeling of the EBIT plasma. A total of 64 spectral lines were recorded, including 54 new identifications. C1 [Kilbane, Deirdre; O'Sullivan, Gerald] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Podpaly, Yuri A.; Gillaspy, John D.; Reader, Joseph; Ralchenko, Yuri] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kilbane, D (reprint author), Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. EM Yuri.Ralchenko@nist.gov RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 FU Science Foundation Ireland [07/IN.1/I1771]; Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy FX This work was supported by Science Foundation Ireland under Principal Investigator research Grant 07/IN.1/I1771 and in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy. We are grateful to U. I. Safronova for providing the RMBPT energies from reference [45]. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6060 EI 1434-6079 J9 EUR PHYS J D JI Eur. Phys. J. D PD AUG 12 PY 2014 VL 68 IS 8 AR 222 DI 10.1140/epjd/e2014-50149-8 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AN3PF UT WOS:000340499700005 ER PT J AU Chung, ES Soden, B Sohn, BJ Shi, L AF Chung, Eui-Seok Soden, Brian Sohn, B. J. Shi, Lei TI Upper-tropospheric moistening in response to anthropogenic warming SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE detection; attribution; long-term monitoring ID CLIMATE FEEDBACKS; 20TH-CENTURY CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE; TRENDS; HUMIDITY; VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE; MODELS; CMIP5 AB Water vapor in the upper troposphere strongly regulates the strength of water-vapor feedback, which is the primary process for amplifying the response of the climate system to external radiative forcings. Monitoring changes in upper-tropospheric water vapor and scrutinizing the causes of such changes are therefore of great importance for establishing the credibility of model projections of past and future climates. Here, we use coupled ocean-atmosphere model simulations under different climate-forcing scenarios to investigate satellite-observed changes in global-mean upper-tropospheric water vapor. Our analysis demonstrates that the upper-tropospheric moistening observed over the period 1979-2005 cannot be explained by natural causes and results principally from an anthropogenic warming of the climate. By attributing the observed increase directly to human activities, this study verifies the presence of the largest known feedback mechanism for amplifying anthropogenic climate change. C1 [Chung, Eui-Seok; Soden, Brian] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Sohn, B. J.] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Shi, Lei] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Soden, B (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM b.soden@miami.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office; Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [CATER 2012-2061] FX We thank two anonymous reviewers and the editor for their constructive and valuable comments, which led to an improved version of the manuscript. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modeling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modelling groups (listed in Materials and Methods) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the US Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. This research was supported by grants from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office. B.J.S. was supported by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant CATER 2012-2061. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 40 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 12 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 32 BP 11636 EP 11641 DI 10.1073/pnas.1409659111 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM8CQ UT WOS:000340097900027 PM 25071183 ER PT J AU Wu, QZ Prager, KC Goldstein, T Alt, DP Galloway, RL Zuerner, RL Lloyd-Smith, JO Schwacke, L AF Wu, Qingzhong Prager, Katherine C. Goldstein, Tracey Alt, David P. Galloway, Renee L. Zuerner, Richard L. Lloyd-Smith, James O. Schwacke, Lori TI Development of a real-time PCR for the detection of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in California sea lions SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Sea lions; Pathogenic Leptospira spp.; lipL32 gene; Real-time PCR; Urine; Kidney ID QUANTITATIVE PCR; IDENTIFICATION; GROWTH; POMONA AB Several real-time PCR assays are currently used for detection of pathogenic Leptospira spp.; however, few methods have been described for the successful evaluation of clinical urine samples. This study reports a rapid assay for the detection of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in California sea lions Zalophus californianus using real-time PCR with primers and a probe targeting the lipL32 gene. The PCR assay had high analytic sensitivity-the limit of detection was 3 genome copies per PCR volume using L. interrogans serovar Pomona DNA and 100% analytic specificity; it detected all pathogenic leptospiral serovars tested and none of the non-pathogenic Leptospira species (L. biflexa and L. meyeri serovar Semaranga), the intermediate species L. inadai, or the non-Leptospira pathogens tested. Our assay had an amplification efficiency of 1.00. Comparisons between the real-time PCR assay and culture isolation for detection of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in urine and kidney tissue samples from California sea lions showed that samples were more often positive by real-time PCR than by culture methods. Inclusion of an internal amplification control in the real-time PCR assay showed no inhibitory effects in PCR negative samples. These studies indicated that our real-time PCR assay has high analytic sensitivity and specificity for the rapid detection of pathogenic Leptospira species in urine and kidney tissue samples. C1 [Wu, Qingzhong; Schwacke, Lori] Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, NOAA, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Prager, Katherine C.; Lloyd-Smith, James O.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Prager, Katherine C.; Lloyd-Smith, James O.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Prager, Katherine C.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Goldstein, Tracey] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Hlth Inst 1, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Alt, David P.; Zuerner, Richard L.] Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Infect Bacterial Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Galloway, Renee L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Zuerner, Richard L.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Wu, QZ (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, NOAA, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM qingzhongwu@yahoo.com RI Lloyd-Smith, James/K-4080-2012 OI Lloyd-Smith, James/0000-0001-7941-502X FU NOAA's Oceans and Human Health Initiative; John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program; National Science Foundation [OCE-1335657]; RAPIDD program of the Science and Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health FX We thank Brian Thompson, for providing non-Leptospira bacteria. We also thank the staff of The Marine Mammal Center in Sausalito, California for providing the samples from the stranded sea lions; Dr. Robert DeLong and his group at the National Marine Mammal Laboratory for their collaboration and assistance in collecting samples from wild-caught, free-ranging sea lions. This work was performed in part at the University of California Natural Reserve System Ano Nuevo Island Reserve. We thank Ano Nuevo State Park rangers for their logistical support and Rick Hornsby at the National Animal Disease Center for his excellent technical support. Funding for this research was provided by NOAA's Oceans and Human Health Initiative, the John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program, and the National Science Foundation (OCE-1335657). K.C.P. and J.L.S. acknowledge financial support from the RAPIDD program of the Science and Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security and the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health. This publication does not constitute an endorsement of any commercial product or intend to be an opinion beyond scientific or other results obtained by the NOAA or the ARS. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD AUG 11 PY 2014 VL 110 IS 3 BP 165 EP 172 DI 10.3354/dao02752 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA AQ6LI UT WOS:000342923400001 PM 25114040 ER PT J AU Shaw, JM Nembach, HT Silva, TJ AF Shaw, Justin M. Nembach, Hans T. Silva, T. J. TI Resolving the controversy of a possible relationship between perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and the magnetic damping parameter SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE LINEWIDTH; MAGNETOCRYSTALLINE ANISOTROPY; MICROSCOPIC ORIGIN; THIN-FILMS; MULTILAYERS; RELAXATION; SCATTERING; CONSTANT; METALS AB We use broadband ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy to systematically measure the Landau-Lifshitz damping parameter, perpendicular anisotropy, and the orbital moment asymmetry in Co90Fe10/Ni multilayers. No relationship is found between perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and the damping parameter in this material. However, inadequate accounting for inhomogeneous line-width broadening, spin-pumping, and two-magnon scattering could give rise to an apparent relationship between anisotropy and damping. In contrast, the orbital-moment asymmetry and the perpendicular anisotropy are linearly proportional to each other. These results demonstrate a fundamental mechanism by which perpendicular anisotropy can be varied independently of the damping parameter. C1 [Shaw, Justin M.; Nembach, Hans T.; Silva, T. J.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Shaw, JM (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 11 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 6 AR 062406 DI 10.1063/1.4892532 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AO2WW UT WOS:000341188700048 ER PT J AU Zhang, P Le, ST Hou, XX Zaslavsky, A Perea, DE Dayeh, SA Picraux, ST AF Zhang, Peng Le, Son T. Hou, Xiaoxiao Zaslavsky, A. Perea, Daniel E. Dayeh, Shadi A. Picraux, S. T. TI Strong room-temperature negative transconductance in an axial Si/Ge hetero-nanowire tunneling field-effect transistor SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GATE DIELECTRIC STACKS; DIFFERENTIAL TRANSCONDUCTANCE; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRONS; QUANTUM-WIRE; SURFACE; ENHANCEMENT; RESISTANCE; SUBBANDS; DEVICE; FETS AB We report on room-temperature negative transconductance (NTC) in axial Si/Ge hetero-nanowire tunneling field-effect transistors. The NTC produces a current peak-to-valley ratio >45, a high value for a Si-based device. We characterize the NTC over a range of gate V-G and drain V-D voltages, finding that NTC persists down to V-D = -50 mV. The physical mechanism responsible for the NTC is the V-G-induced depletion in the p-Ge section that eventually reduces the maximum electric field that triggers the tunneling I-D, as confirmed via three-dimensional (3D) technology computer-aided design simulations. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Zhang, Peng; Hou, Xiaoxiao; Zaslavsky, A.] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Zhang, Peng; Hou, Xiaoxiao; Zaslavsky, A.] Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Le, Son T.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Perea, Daniel E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Dayeh, Shadi A.; Picraux, S. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Dayeh, Shadi A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. RP Zhang, P (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RI Perea, Daniel/A-5345-2010 FU NSF [ECCS-1068895, DMR-1203186]; U.S. Department of Energy. Office of Basic Energy Sciences at Los Alamos National Laboratories [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Sandia National Laboratories [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; EMSL; DOE Office of Science User Facility sponsored by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research at Pacific Noithwest National Laboratory FX The work at Brown was supported by the NSF (awards ECCS-1068895 and DMR-1203186). Hetero-nanovvire epitaxy was performed at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U.S. Department of Energy. Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility at Los Alamos National Laboratories (Contact No. DE-AC52-06NA25396) and Sandia National Laboratories (Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000). We also acknowledge user support from EMSL, a DOE Office of Science User Facility sponsored by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Noithwest National Laboratory. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 11 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 6 AR 062106 DI 10.1063/1.4892950 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AO2WW UT WOS:000341188700035 ER PT J AU Colombe, Y Slichter, DH Wilson, AC Leibfried, D Wineland, DJ AF Colombe, Yves Slichter, Daniel H. Wilson, Andrew C. Leibfried, Dietrich Wineland, David J. TI Single-mode optical fiber for high-power, low-loss UV transmission SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBER; HIGH-PRESSURE HYDROGEN; COLOR-CENTER FORMATION; OH UNDOPED CORE; LASER RADIATION; SILICA FIBERS; LIGHT; NM; IRRADIATION; CENTERS AB We report large-mode-area solid-core photonic crystal fibers made from fused silica that resist ultraviolet (UV) solarization even at relatively high optical powers. Using a process of hydrogen loading and UV irradiation of the fibers, we demonstrate stable single-mode transmission over hundreds of hours for fiber output powers of 10 mW at 280 nm and 125 mW at 313 nm (limited only by the available laser power). Fiber attenuation ranges from 0.9 dB/m to 0.13 dB/m at these wavelengths, and is unaffected by bending for radii above 50 mm. 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Colombe, Yves; Slichter, Daniel H.; Wilson, Andrew C.; Leibfried, Dietrich; Wineland, David J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Slichter, DH (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dhs@nist.gov RI Slichter, Daniel/A-2870-2013 OI Slichter, Daniel/0000-0002-1228-0631 FU National Research Council fellowship FX Y.C. initiated hydrogen loading and curing experiments, developed the collapsing and connectorizing methods, and performed initial experiments on cured fibers. D.H.S. and A.C.W. developed these methods further and produced and analyzed the data in this manuscript. D.L. and D.J.W. supervised all work. D.H.S. wrote the manuscript with input from all authors. We thank John Gaebler, Robert Jordens, and Alexander Tomashuk for helpful discussions, Brian Sawyer and David Hume for manuscript comments, Till Rosenband, Sam Brewer, Jwo-Sy Chen, Kyle McKay, and David Pappas for the use of their 280 nm laser systems, Brad Sohnlein at NKT Photonics for technical advice, and the NIST Hydrogen Fuel Materials Test Facility for performing hydrogen loading of fibers. D.H.S. acknowledges support from a National Research Council fellowship. This paper is a contribution of NIST and is not subject to US copyright. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 15 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 11 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 16 DI 10.1364/OE.22.01914119783 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA AN6OL UT WOS:000340714100088 ER PT J AU Amar, FG Frederick, BG York, K Pollock, R AF Amar, Francois G. Frederick, Brian G. York, Kelsie Pollock, Rachel TI Modeling the filling of methane in heterogeneous pore networks SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Amar, Francois G.; Frederick, Brian G.; York, Kelsie] Univ Maine, Dept Chem, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Amar, Francois G.; Frederick, Brian G.] Univ Maine, Forest Bioprod Res Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Frederick, Brian G.] Univ Maine, Lab Surface Sci & Technol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Amar, Francois G.] Univ Maine, Honors Coll, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Pollock, Rachel] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amar@maine.edu RI Amar, Francois/C-9772-2012 OI Amar, Francois/0000-0002-4193-0576 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 562-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165104096 ER PT J AU Anovitz, LM Bingham, PR Polsky, Y Carmichael, JR Bilheux, HZ Jacobson, DL Hussey, DS AF Anovitz, Lawrence M. Bingham, Phillip R. Polsky, Yarom Carmichael, Justin R. Bilheux, Hassina Z. Jacobson, David L. Hussey, Daniel S. TI Neutron radiography of fluid flow for energy research SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Anovitz, Lawrence M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bingham, Phillip R.; Polsky, Yarom] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Elect & Elect Syst Res Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Carmichael, Justin R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Instrument & Source Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bilheux, Hassina Z.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jacobson, David L.; Hussey, Daniel S.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM anovitzlm@ornl.gov RI Bilheux, Hassina/H-4289-2012; Anovitz, Lawrence/P-3144-2016 OI Bilheux, Hassina/0000-0001-8574-2449; Anovitz, Lawrence/0000-0002-2609-8750 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 615-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165105415 ER PT J AU Anovitz, LM Cole, DR Rother, G Littrell, K Wasbrough, M Pipich, V Fu, ZD Freiburg, JT AF Anovitz, Lawrence Michael Cole, David R. Rother, Gernot Littrell, Kenneth Wasbrough, Matthew Pipich, Vitaliy Fu, Zhendong Freiburg, Jared T. TI (U)SANS and imaging analysis of changes n multiscale porosity in the St. Peter sandstone with burial diagenesis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Anovitz, Lawrence Michael; Rother, Gernot] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Cole, David R.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Littrell, Kenneth] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wasbrough, Matthew] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pipich, Vitaliy; Fu, Zhendong] JCNS FRM II, Garching, Germany. [Freiburg, Jared T.] Illinois State Geol Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM anovitzlm@ornl.gov RI Rother, Gernot/B-7281-2008; Anovitz, Lawrence/P-3144-2016; Littrell, Kenneth/D-2106-2013 OI Rother, Gernot/0000-0003-4921-6294; Anovitz, Lawrence/0000-0002-2609-8750; Littrell, Kenneth/0000-0003-2308-8618 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 70-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167400382 ER PT J AU Boday, DJ Beers, KL AF Boday, Dylan J. Beers, Kathryn L. TI Impacting sustainability through polymer chemistry: POLY perspective SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Boday, Dylan J.] IBM Corp, Adv Mat, Tucson, AZ 85744 USA. [Beers, Kathryn L.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dboday@us.ibm.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 13-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165102665 ER PT J AU Brown, CM AF Brown, Craig M. TI Neutron scattering studies of adsorbates in metal-organic frameworks SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM craig.brown@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 614-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165105414 ER PT J AU Brown, SS Edwards, P Roberts, J Aikin, K Banta, R de Gouw, J Dube, W Field, R Geiger, F Gilman, J Helmig, D Holloway, J Kercher, J Koss, A Langford, A Lerner, B Li, R Li, SM Martin, R McLaren, R Murphy, S Parrish, D Peischl, J Ryerson, T Senff, C Soltis, J Stutz, J Sweeney, C Veres, P Warneke, C Wild, R Williams, E Yuan, B Young, C Zamora, R AF Brown, Steven S. Edwards, Peter Roberts, James Aikin, Kenneth Banta, Robert de Gouw, Joost Dube, William Field, Robert Geiger, Frans Gilman, Jessica Helmig, Detlev Holloway, John Kercher, James Koss, Abigail Langford, Andrew Lerner, Brian Li, Rui Li, Shao-Meng Martin, Randy McLaren, Robert Murphy, Shane Parrish, David Peischl, Jeff Ryerson, Thomas Senff, Christoph Soltis, Jeff Stutz, Jochen Sweeney, Colm Veres, Patrick Warneke, Carsten Wild, Robert Williams, Eric Yuan, Bin Young, Cora Zamora, Robert TI Winter ozone photochemistry in an oil and gas producing mountain basin SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Brown, Steven S.; Edwards, Peter; Roberts, James; Aikin, Kenneth; Banta, Robert; de Gouw, Joost; Dube, William; Gilman, Jessica; Holloway, John; Koss, Abigail; Langford, Andrew; Lerner, Brian; Li, Rui; Parrish, David; Peischl, Jeff; Ryerson, Thomas; Senff, Christoph; Sweeney, Colm; Veres, Patrick; Warneke, Carsten; Wild, Robert; Williams, Eric; Yuan, Bin; Young, Cora; Zamora, Robert] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Edwards, Peter; Aikin, Kenneth; de Gouw, Joost; Dube, William; Gilman, Jessica; Holloway, John; Koss, Abigail; Lerner, Brian; Li, Rui; Peischl, Jeff; Senff, Christoph; Sweeney, Colm; Veres, Patrick; Warneke, Carsten; Wild, Robert; Yuan, Bin; Young, Cora] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Field, Robert; Murphy, Shane; Soltis, Jeff] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Geiger, Frans] Karlsruher Inst Technol, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Helmig, Detlev] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kercher, James] Hiram Coll, Dept Chem, Hiram, OH 44234 USA. [Li, Shao-Meng] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Martin, Randy] Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [McLaren, Robert] York Univ, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Stutz, Jochen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM steven.s.brown@noaa.gov RI Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Aikin, Kenneth/I-1973-2013 OI Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 153-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167403757 ER PT J AU Burgess, DR Manion, JA Babushok, VI Linteris, GT AF Burgess, Donald R. Manion, Jeffrey A. Babushok, Valerie I. Linteris, Gregory T. TI Modeling of 2-bromotrifluoropropene flame inhibition SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Burgess, Donald R.; Manion, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Babushok, Valerie I.; Linteris, Gregory T.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dburgess@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 631-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165105430 ER PT J AU Burgess, DR AF Burgess, Donald R. TI Unified modeling language schema for scientific and technical data and information SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Burgess, Donald R.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dburgess@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 78-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165103362 ER PT J AU Burgess, DR Manion, JA Hayes, CJ AF Burgess, Donald R. Manion, Jeffrey A. Hayes, Carrigan J. TI Data formats for elementary gas phase kinetics: Unique representations of reactions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Burgess, Donald R.; Manion, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hayes, Carrigan J.] Otterbein Univ, Dept Chem, Westerville, OH 43081 USA. EM dburgess@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 58-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165103342 ER PT J AU Carbone, ND Orski, SV Beers, KL White, CC AF Carbone, Nicholas D. Orski, Sara V. Beers, Kathryn L. White, Christopher C. TI How FTIR measurements of polymer UV photodegradation correlate with changes in the molar mass distribution SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Carbone, Nicholas D.; White, Christopher C.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20794 USA. [Orski, Sara V.; Beers, Kathryn L.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20794 USA. EM nicholas.carbone@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 699-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167405807 ER PT J AU Carbone, ND Koberstein, JT White, CC AF Carbone, Nicholas D. Koberstein, Jeffrey T. White, Christopher C. TI Modeling UV irradiation induced scission and recombination reactions in polymers with experimental verification SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Carbone, Nicholas D.; White, Christopher C.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20794 USA. [Koberstein, Jeffrey T.] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM nicholas.carbone@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 427-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167404780 ER PT J AU Chan, EP Nadermann, NK Davis, EM Stafford, CM AF Chan, Edwin P. Nadermann, Nichole K. Davis, Eric M. Stafford, Christopher M. TI Structure/property measurements of polymer membranes via poromechanics SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Chan, Edwin P.; Nadermann, Nichole K.; Davis, Eric M.; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chris.stafford@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 296-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165105720 ER PT J AU Cheng, GJ Calizo, I Walker, ARH AF Cheng, Guangjun Calizo, Irene Walker, Angela R. Hight TI Probing Ni-graphene interface using Raman spectroscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Cheng, Guangjun; Calizo, Irene; Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM guangjun.cheng@nist.gov RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 119-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165103562 ER PT J AU Cheng, GJ Calizo, I Walker, ARH AF Cheng, Guangjun Calizo, Irene Walker, Angela R. Hight TI Fe-catalyzed etching of graphene, few-layer graphene, and graphite SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Cheng, Guangjun; Calizo, Irene; Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM guangjun.cheng@nist.gov RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 227-CATL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165102492 ER PT J AU Cziczo, DJ Murphy, D Froyd, K Garimella, S Ardon-Dryer, K AF Cziczo, Daniel J. Murphy, Daniel Froyd, Karl Garimella, Sarvesh Ardon-Dryer, Karin TI Combining field and laboratory studies of aerosol chemical composition to understand ice cloud formation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Cziczo, Daniel J.; Garimella, Sarvesh; Ardon-Dryer, Karin] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Murphy, Daniel; Froyd, Karl] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM djcziczo@mit.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 319-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167404043 ER PT J AU Davis, AC Sarathy, MS AF Davis, Alexander C. Sarathy, Mani S. TI Computational study of C2-C4 alkene oxidation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Davis, Alexander C.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sarathy, Mani S.] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Clean Combust Res Ctr, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. EM alexander.davis@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 27-AEI PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165100025 ER PT J AU Davis, EM Stafford, CM Page, KA AF Davis, Eric M. Stafford, Christopher M. Page, Kirt A. TI Water transport in Nafion thin film membranes using time-resolved polarization modulation infrared reflection adsorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Davis, Eric M.; Stafford, Christopher M.; Page, Kirt A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.davis@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 670-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167405781 ER PT J AU Deodhar, C Orski, S Patton, D Beers, K AF Deodhar, Chaitra Orski, Sara Patton, Derek Beers, Kathryn TI Understanding the copolymerization behavior under controlled radical surface-initiated polymerization using XPS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Deodhar, Chaitra; Orski, Sara; Beers, Kathryn] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Patton, Derek] Univ So Mississippi, Sch Polymers & High Performance Mat, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM chaitra.deodhar@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 406-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167405533 ER PT J AU Freed, KF Dudowicz, J Douglas, JF AF Freed, Karl F. Dudowicz, Jacek Douglas, Jack F. TI Glass-formation in miscible binary polymer blends SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Freed, Karl F.; Dudowicz, Jacek] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Freed, Karl F.; Dudowicz, Jacek] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM freed@uchicago.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 73-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167404446 ER PT J AU Galvin, C Dimitriou, M Satija, S Genzer, J AF Galvin, Casey Dimitriou, Michael Satija, Sushil Genzer, Jan TI Water uptake and swelling of weak polyelectrolyte brushes in a humid environment SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Galvin, Casey; Genzer, Jan] NC State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Dimitriou, Michael; Satija, Sushil] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mdimitriou@exponent.com RI Galvin, Casey/G-2948-2015 OI Galvin, Casey/0000-0001-7513-276X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 243-POLY PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167405372 ER PT J AU Gao, Y Berciu, C Nicastro, D Xu, B Horkay, F AF Gao, Yuan Berciu, Cristina Nicastro, Daniela Xu, Bing Horkay, Ferenc TI Supramolecular self-assembly for fluorescence imaging inside living cells SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Gao, Yuan; Horkay, Ferenc] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gao, Yuan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Gao, Yuan; Xu, Bing] Brandeis Univ, Dept Chem, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. [Berciu, Cristina; Nicastro, Daniela] Brandeis Univ, Dept Biol, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. EM yuan.gao@nih.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 354-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165103782 ER PT J AU Gao, Y Xu, B Hammouda, B Douglas, J Horkay, F AF Gao, Yuan Xu, Bing Hammouda, Boualem Douglas, Jack Horkay, Ferenc TI Mechanism of temperature dependent supramolecular fibrillization of small molecules SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Gao, Yuan; Horkay, Ferenc] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gao, Yuan; Hammouda, Boualem; Douglas, Jack] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Gao, Yuan; Xu, Bing] Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. EM yuan.gao@nih.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 174-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165103614 ER PT J AU Greenslade, ME Attwood, AR AF Greenslade, Margaret E. Attwood, Alexis R. TI Enhancement in optical properties of dust upon mixing with dicarboxylic acids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Greenslade, Margaret E.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Chem, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Attwood, Alexis R.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Attwood, Alexis R.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. EM margaret.e.greenslade@unh.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 344-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165103772 ER PT J AU Gu, XH Lin, CC Krommenhoek, P Ogier, S Tan, KT Katz, S AF Gu, Xiaohong Lin, Chiao-Chi Krommenhoek, Peter Ogier, Stephane Tan, Kar-Tean Katz, Sari TI Accelerated laboratory test and degradation characterization of polymeric materials used in photoviltaics SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Gu, Xiaohong; Lin, Chiao-Chi; Krommenhoek, Peter; Ogier, Stephane; Tan, Kar-Tean; Katz, Sari] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xiaohong.gu@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 703-POLY PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167405811 ER PT J AU Guin, T Cain, A Nolen, C Li, YC Davis, R Grunlan, J AF Guin, Tyler Cain, Amanda Nolen, Craig Li, Yu-Chin Davis, Rick Grunlan, Jaime TI Phosphorous-filled nanobrick wall multilayer thin film eliminates polyurethane melt dripping and reduces heat release associated with fire SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Guin, Tyler; Cain, Amanda; Nolen, Craig; Grunlan, Jaime] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Li, Yu-Chin; Davis, Rick] NIST, Flammabil Reduct Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tylerguin@tamu.edu; jgrunlan@tamu.edu RI Grunlan, Jaime/K-3242-2016 OI Grunlan, Jaime/0000-0001-5241-9741 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 573-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167405686 ER PT J AU Gygi, D Bloch, ED Mason, JA Queen, WL Beckner, M Hudson, MR Dailly, A Brown, CM Long, JR AF Gygi, David Bloch, Eric D. Mason, Jarad A. Queen, Wendy L. Beckner, Matthew Hudson, Matthew R. Dailly, Anne Brown, Craig M. Long, Jeffrey R. TI Effects of exposed metal cations on high pressure hydrogen storage in metal-organic frameworks SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Gygi, David; Bloch, Eric D.; Mason, Jarad A.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hudson, Matthew R.; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Beckner, Matthew; Dailly, Anne] Gen Motors Co, Chem & Environm Sci Lab, Warren, MI 48090 USA. [Queen, Wendy L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM davidgygi@berkeley.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 206-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167400751 ER PT J AU Harvey, AH Burgess, DR AF Harvey, Allan H. Burgess, Donald R. TI NIST Standard Reference Data and the Solubility Data Series SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Harvey, Allan H.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Burgess, Donald R.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 20899 USA. EM allan.harvey@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 107-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165103390 ER PT J AU Hecht, S Spromberg, J AF Hecht, Scott Spromberg, Julann TI Considerations for evaluating endangered species: A regulatory perspective SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hecht, Scott] NOAA, NMFS Off Protected Resources, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. [Spromberg, Julann] NOAA, NMFS Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. EM ScottHecht@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 47-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165100420 ER PT J AU Heller, S AF Heller, Stephen TI InChI & the publication and information chain SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Heller, Stephen] NIST, BMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steve@hellers.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 88-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165103371 ER PT J AU Heller, S AF Heller, Stephen TI InChI project SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Heller, Stephen] NIST, BMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steve@hellers.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 30-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165103316 ER PT J AU Herring, AM Nguyen, V Li, QN Janarthanan, R Greenlee, LF Joglekar, M Trewyn, BG AF Herring, Andrew M. Nguyen, Vinh Li, Quanning Janarthanan, Rajeswari Greenlee, Lauren F. Joglekar, Madhura Trewyn, Brian G. TI Enabling fuel versatility in polymer electrolyte fuel cells with state of the art anion exchange membranes and/or novel molecular catalysts SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Herring, Andrew M.; Nguyen, Vinh; Li, Quanning; Janarthanan, Rajeswari] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Greenlee, Lauren F.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Joglekar, Madhura; Trewyn, Brian G.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM aherring@mines.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 205-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165105055 ER PT J AU Hore, MJA Hammouda, B AF Hore, Michael J. A. Hammouda, Boualem TI Small-angle neutron scattering from poly(n-isopropylacrylamide) in a water/ethanol co-nonsolvent mixture SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hore, Michael J. A.; Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. EM michael.hore@nist.gov RI Hore, Michael/F-7534-2012 OI Hore, Michael/0000-0003-2571-2111 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 466-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167404812 ER PT J AU Hudson, MR Brown, CM AF Hudson, Matthew R. Brown, Craig M. TI Powder diffraction with in-situ gas dosing under relevant conditions for industrial separations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hudson, Matthew R.; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matt.hudson@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 917-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167401553 ER PT J AU Hulvey, Z Brown, CM AF Hulvey, Zeric Brown, Craig M. TI Characterization of gas adsorption sites in metal-organic frameworks using neutron powder diffraction SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hulvey, Zeric] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hulvey, Zeric; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM zeric.hulvey@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 1009-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167401639 ER PT J AU Jacob, A Kimbrough, K Johnson, E Davenport, E Klapper, R Neureuther, N AF Jacob, Annie Kimbrough, Kimani Johnson, Ed Davenport, Erik Klapper, Rebecca Neureuther, Nicklaus TI Contaminant monitoring in the Great Lakes by NOAA Mussel Watch: Developing an integrated monitoring approach to link exposure and effects in dreissenid mussels SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Jacob, Annie] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Klapper, Rebecca] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Annie.Jacob@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 669-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165106212 ER PT J AU Kapelewski, MT Geier, SJ Hudson, MR Stuck, D Mason, JA Nelson, JN Xiao, DJ Hulvey, Z Gilmour, E Head-Gordon, M Fitzgerald, SA Brown, CM Long, JR AF Kapelewski, Matthew T. Geier, Stephen J. Hudson, Matthew R. Stuck, David Mason, Jarad A. Nelson, Jocienne N. Xiao, Dianne J. Hulvey, Zeric Gilmour, Elizabeth Head-Gordon, Martin Fitzgerald, Stephen A. Brown, Craig M. Long, Jeffrey R. TI Structural isomer of M-2(dobdc) with increased charge density and stronger H-2 binding at the open metal sites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kapelewski, Matthew T.; Geier, Stephen J.; Stuck, David; Mason, Jarad A.; Xiao, Dianne J.; Head-Gordon, Martin; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hudson, Matthew R.; Hulvey, Zeric; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nelson, Jocienne N.; Gilmour, Elizabeth; Fitzgerald, Stephen A.] Oberlin Coll, Dept Phys, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. [Hulvey, Zeric] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Head-Gordon, Martin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mtk180@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 62-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167400617 ER PT J AU Katz, S Watson, SS Gu, XH AF Katz, Sari Watson, Stephanie S. Gu, Xiaohong TI Using Raman spectroscopy to analyze internal stresses of PV encapsulate materials during UV degradation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Katz, Sari; Watson, Stephanie S.; Gu, Xiaohong] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sari.katz@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 704-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167405812 ER PT J AU Lee, S You, Y Sierra-Hernandez, MR de Gouw, J Koss, AA Baumann, K Edgerton, E AF Lee, Shanhu You, Yi Sierra-Hernandez, M. Roxana de Gouw, Joost Koss, Abigail Abigail Baumann, Karsten Edgerton, Eric TI Measurements of atmospheric amines and ammonia with a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Lee, Shanhu; You, Yi; Sierra-Hernandez, M. Roxana] Kent State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Kent, OH 44240 USA. [de Gouw, Joost; Koss, Abigail Abigail] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Baumann, Karsten; Edgerton, Eric] Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Morrisville Cary, NC USA. EM slee19@kent.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 490-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165106053 ER PT J AU Lin, E AF Lin, Eric TI Materials Genome Initiative and polymer science SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Lin, Eric] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM eric.lin@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 151-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167404524 ER PT J AU May, WE AF May, Willie E. TI The mole: Its history, definition, redefinition, and realization SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [May, Willie E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. EM willie.may@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 2-NTS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167402341 ER PT J AU Miller, AE Bee, M Channell, M Cvitan, A Esson, M Farag, A Ibeh, T Kalivas, E Larco, DM Mendel, Z Miles, N Mody, P Montanero, C Schwabacher, J Sucher, H Camallonga, JV Heddleston, JM Hartings, MR Fox, DF Costanzi, S AF Miller, Abigail E. Bee, Madeleine Channell, Megan Cvitan, Alexander Esson, Moira Farag, Andrew Ibeh, Trisha Kalivas, Eleni Larco, Daniel-Mario Mendel, Zachary Miles, Nancy Mody, Puja Montanero, Carly Schwabacher, James Sucher, Helen Camallonga, Javier Vinals Heddleston, John M. Hartings, Matthew R. Fox, Douglas F. Costanzi, Stefano TI Nanoparticles trapped in fibers of unfolded proteins SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Miller, Abigail E.; Bee, Madeleine; Channell, Megan; Cvitan, Alexander; Esson, Moira; Farag, Andrew; Ibeh, Trisha; Kalivas, Eleni; Larco, Daniel-Mario; Mendel, Zachary; Miles, Nancy; Mody, Puja; Montanero, Carly; Schwabacher, James; Sucher, Helen; Camallonga, Javier Vinals; Hartings, Matthew R.; Fox, Douglas F.; Costanzi, Stefano] Amer Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Heddleston, John M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amiller@american.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 141-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165103583 ER PT J AU Mukundan, R Spernjak, D Wu, G Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL Steinbach, AJ Borup, RL Zelenay, P AF Mukundan, Rangachary Spernjak, Dusan Wu, Gang Hussey, Daniel S. Jacobson, David L. Steinbach, Andrew J. Borup, Rodney L. Zelenay, Piotr TI Visualizing water in non-precious metal catalyst-based polymer electrolyte fuel cells using neutron imaging SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Mukundan, Rangachary; Spernjak, Dusan; Wu, Gang; Borup, Rodney L.; Zelenay, Piotr] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Hussey, Daniel S.; Jacobson, David L.] NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Steinbach, Andrew J.] 3M Co, Fuel Cell Components Program, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. EM mukundan@lanl.gov RI Wu, Gang/E-8536-2010 OI Wu, Gang/0000-0003-4956-5208 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 509-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165105319 ER PT J AU Nadermann, NK McLeod, KR Stafford, CM Tew, GN Chan, EP AF Nadermann, Nichole K. McLeod, Kelly R. Stafford, Christopher M. Tew, Gregory N. Chan, Edwin P. TI Squeezing transport properties out of click hydrogels SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Nadermann, Nichole K.; Stafford, Christopher M.; Chan, Edwin P.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McLeod, Kelly R.; Tew, Gregory N.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM nichole.nadermann@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 247-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167405376 ER PT J AU Outcalt, S Gough, RV Bruno, TJ AF Outcalt, Stephanie Gough, Raina V. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Compressed-liquid densities of two alternative turbine fuels SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Outcalt, Stephanie; Gough, Raina V.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM outcalt@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 318-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165105155 ER PT J AU Page, KA Davis, EM Stafford, CM Dura, J Yager, K Kusoglu, A Kim, J Soles, CL AF Page, Kirt A. Davis, Eric M. Stafford, Christopher M. Dura, Jospeh Yager, Kevin Kusoglu, Ahmet Kim, Jenny Soles, Christopher L. TI Role of interfaces, chemistry, and morphology on the structure, water distribution/transport, and physical properties of multicomponent polyelectrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Page, Kirt A.; Davis, Eric M.; Stafford, Christopher M.; Kim, Jenny; Soles, Christopher L.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dura, Jospeh] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yager, Kevin] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kusoglu, Ahmet] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Grp, Berkeley, CA USA. EM kirt.page@nist.gov RI Yager, Kevin/F-9804-2011 OI Yager, Kevin/0000-0001-7745-2513 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 733-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167406022 ER PT J AU Page, KM Soles, CM Stafford, CM AF Page, Kirt M. Soles, Christopher M. Stafford, Christopher M. TI X-ray and neutron studies of the structure, dynamics, and transport properties of polyelectrolytes for energy applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Page, Kirt M.; Soles, Christopher M.; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kirt.page@nist.gov; csoles@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 510-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165105320 ER PT J AU Phelan, FR Rosch, TW Jeong, C Sun, H AF Phelan, Frederick R., Jr. Rosch, Thomas W. Jeong, Cheol Sun, Huai TI Materials genome initiative: Development of a multiscale data infrastructure for polymers and soft materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Phelan, Frederick R., Jr.; Rosch, Thomas W.; Jeong, Cheol] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sun, Huai] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Sun, Huai] Aeon Technol Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM frederick.phelan@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 29-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167404403 ER PT J AU Queen, WL Lee, J Hudson, MR Brown, CM Bloch, ED Mason, J Gonzalez, M Long, JR AF Queen, Wendy L. Lee, Jason Hudson, Matthew R. Brown, Craig M. Bloch, Eric D. Mason, Jarad Gonzalez, Miguel Long, Jeffrey R. TI Unveiling molecular level detail of CO2 adsorption in several extensive families of metal-organic frameworks SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Queen, Wendy L.; Lee, Jason] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hudson, Matthew R.; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bloch, Eric D.; Mason, Jarad; Gonzalez, Miguel; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wlqueen@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 613-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165105413 ER PT J AU Roberts, JM Veres, PR McLaren, R Kercher, J Thornton, J Brown, SB Edwards, PM Young, C Wild, R Dube, WP Yuan, B Warneke, C de Gouw, J Bates, T Quinn, P Williams, EJ Holloway, J Murphy, S Zamora, R AF Roberts, James M. Veres, Patrick R. McLaren, Robert Kercher, James Thornton, Joel Brown, Steven B. Edwards, Peter M. Young, Cora Wild, Robert Dube, William P. Yuan, Bin Warneke, Carsten de Gouw, Joost Bates, Timothy Quinn, Patricia Williams, Eric J. Holloway, John Murphy, Shane Zamora, Robert TI Nitryl chloride (ClNO2) and its chemistry during the Uintah Basin Winter Ozone Studies SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Roberts, James M.; Veres, Patrick R.; Brown, Steven B.; Edwards, Peter M.; Young, Cora; Wild, Robert; Dube, William P.; Yuan, Bin; Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost; Williams, Eric J.; Holloway, John; Zamora, Robert] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Veres, Patrick R.; Edwards, Peter M.; Young, Cora; Wild, Robert; Dube, William P.; Yuan, Bin; Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost; Holloway, John] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McLaren, Robert] York Univ, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Kercher, James] Hiram Coll, Dept Chem, Hiram, OH 44234 USA. [Thornton, Joel] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Edwards, Peter M.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Young, Cora] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Chem, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. [Bates, Timothy; Quinn, Patricia] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Murphy, Shane] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. EM James.M.Roberts@noaa.gov RI Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010 OI Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 421-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165105840 ER PT J AU Robertson, JWF Balijepalli, A Reiner, JE Kasianowicz, JJ AF Robertson, Joseph W. F. Balijepalli, Arvind Reiner, Joseph E. Kasianowicz, John J. TI Effects of equilibrium chemistry on the selectivity of nanopore biosensors SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc ID MOLECULE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHANNEL; DYNAMICS C1 [Robertson, Joseph W. F.; Kasianowicz, John J.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Balijepalli, Arvind] NIH, Heart Lung & Blood Inst, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Reiner, Joseph E.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23220 USA. EM joseph.robertson@nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 331-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165101770 ER PT J AU Soles, CL Tyagi, M Runt, J Winey, K AF Soles, Christopher L. Tyagi, Madhusan Runt, James Winey, Karen TI Fast dynamics, structure, and transport in ion containing polymers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Soles, Christopher L.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusan] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Runt, James] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Winey, Karen] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM csoles@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 290-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167405418 ER PT J AU Strayer, ME Binz, JM Tanase, M Sharma, R Rioux, RM Mallouk, TE AF Strayer, Megan E. Binz, Jason M. Tanase, Mihaela Sharma, Renu Rioux, Robert M. Mallouk, Thomas E. TI Understanding the interface and stabilization of late transition metal nanoparticles to early transition metal oxide supports SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Strayer, Megan E.; Mallouk, Thomas E.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Binz, Jason M.; Rioux, Robert M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Tanase, Mihaela; Sharma, Renu] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tanase, Mihaela] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM strayerme@gmail.com RI Mallouk, Thomas/K-7391-2012 OI Mallouk, Thomas/0000-0003-4599-4208 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 820-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167400136 ER PT J AU Sung, LP Stanley, D Rabb, S Tien, CC Nguyen, T Yu, L AF Sung, Li-Piin Stanley, Deborah Rabb, Savelas Tien, Chun-Chieh Tinh Nguyen Yu, Lee TI Surface degradation and nanoparticle release of nano-SiO2 coatings under UV radiation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Sung, Li-Piin; Stanley, Deborah; Tien, Chun-Chieh; Tinh Nguyen] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Rabb, Savelas; Yu, Lee] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM lipiin@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 697-POLY PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167405805 ER PT J AU Teng, AP Nguyen, TB Crounse, JD St Clair, JM Duffey, K Romer, P Wooldridge, PJ Koss, A Olson, K Gilman, JB Lerner, BM Wild, RJ Ayres, B Fry, JL Brown, SS Goldstein, AH de Gouw, J Cohen, RC Wennberg, PO AF Teng, Alexander P. Nguyen, Tran B. Crounse, John D. St Clair, Jason M. Duffey, Kaitlin Romer, Paul Wooldridge, Paul J. Koss, Abigail Olson, Kevin Gilman, Jessica B. Lerner, Brian M. Wild, Robert J. Ayres, Benjamin Fry, Juliane L. Brown, Steven S. Goldstein, Allen H. de Gouw, Joost Cohen, Ronald C. Wennberg, Paul O. TI Organic nitrate contribution to the oxidized nitrogen budget at the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Teng, Alexander P.; Nguyen, Tran B.; Crounse, John D.; St Clair, Jason M.; Wennberg, Paul O.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Duffey, Kaitlin; Romer, Paul; Wooldridge, Paul J.; Cohen, Ronald C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Koss, Abigail; Gilman, Jessica B.; Lerner, Brian M.; Wild, Robert J.; Brown, Steven S.; de Gouw, Joost] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ayres, Benjamin; Fry, Juliane L.] Reed Coll, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97202 USA. [Olson, Kevin; Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ateng@caltech.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 487-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165106050 ER PT J AU Thornton, JA Lee, BH Lopez-Hilfiker, FD Mohr, C Gaston, C D'Ambro, E Brown, SS Warneke, C Graus, M Gilman, JB Lerner, BM Pollack, IB Peischl, J Ryerson, TB Veres, PR Roberts, JM Edwards, PM Min, KE Aikin, KC Dube, WP Liao, J Welti, A Middlebrook, AM Nowak, JB Neuman, JA Brioude, J McKeen, SA Trainer, MK de Gouw, J AF Thornton, Joel A. Lee, Ben H. Lopez-Hilfiker, Felipe D. Mohr, Claudia Gaston, Cassandra D'Ambro, Emma Brown, Steven S. Warneke, Carsten Graus, M. Gilman, Jessica B. Lerner, Brian M. Pollack, I. B. Peischl, J. Ryerson, T. B. Veres, Patrick R. Roberts, J. M. Edwards, P. M. Min, K. E. Aikin, Kenneth C. Dube, William P. Liao, J. Welti, A. Middlebrook, A. M. Nowak, J. B. Neuman, J. A. Brioude, J. McKeen, S. A. Trainer, M. K. de Gouw, Joost TI Homogenous and heterogeneous chemistry of nocturnal nitrogen oxides in high biogenic VOC environments: Implications for NOx removal, halogen activation, and SOA formation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Thornton, Joel A.; Lee, Ben H.; Lopez-Hilfiker, Felipe D.; Mohr, Claudia; Gaston, Cassandra; D'Ambro, Emma] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Brown, Steven S.; Warneke, Carsten; Graus, M.; Gilman, Jessica B.; Lerner, Brian M.; Pollack, I. B.; Peischl, J.; Ryerson, T. B.; Veres, Patrick R.; Roberts, J. M.; Edwards, P. M.; Min, K. E.; Aikin, Kenneth C.; Dube, William P.; Liao, J.; Welti, A.; Middlebrook, A. M.; Nowak, J. B.; Neuman, J. A.; Brioude, J.; McKeen, S. A.; Trainer, M. K.; de Gouw, Joost] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Warneke, Carsten; Graus, M.; Gilman, Jessica B.; Lerner, Brian M.; Pollack, I. B.; Peischl, J.; Veres, Patrick R.; Edwards, P. M.; Min, K. E.; Aikin, Kenneth C.; Dube, William P.; Liao, J.; Welti, A.; Nowak, J. B.; Neuman, J. A.; Brioude, J.; McKeen, S. A.; Trainer, M. K.; de Gouw, Joost] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM thornton@atmos.washington.edu RI Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Aikin, Kenneth/I-1973-2013 OI Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 485-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165106048 ER PT J AU Vlaisavljevich, B Mason, JA Tsivion, E Hulvey, Z Brown, CM Head-Gordon, M Long, JR Smit, B AF Vlaisavljevich, Bess Mason, Jarad A. Tsivion, Ehud Hulvey, Zeric Brown, Craig M. Head-Gordon, Martin Long, Jeffrey R. Smit, Berend TI Electronic structure of methane binding in M-HKUST-1 metal organic frameworks SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Vlaisavljevich, Bess; Smit, Berend] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mason, Jarad A.; Tsivion, Ehud; Head-Gordon, Martin; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hulvey, Zeric; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bessvlai@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 955-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167401588 ER PT J AU Watson, S Stanley, D Redeker, N AF Watson, Stephanie Stanley, Deborah Redeker, Neil TI Assessment of electrical cable condition monitoring methods SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Watson, Stephanie; Stanley, Deborah; Redeker, Neil] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephanie.watson@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 583-POLY PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167405696 ER PT J AU White, C Tan, KT Hunston, D Pintar, A Filliben, J AF White, Christopher Tan, Kar Tean Hunston, Don Pintar, Adam Filliben, James TI Prediction of the changes in polymers due to outdoor weathering SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [White, Christopher; Tan, Kar Tean; Hunston, Don; Pintar, Adam; Filliben, James] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20816 USA. EM christopher.white@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 702-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167405810 ER PT J AU Xiao, DJ Bloch, ED Mason, JA Queen, WL Hudson, MR Brown, CM Long, JR AF Xiao, Dianne J. Bloch, Eric D. Mason, Jarad A. Queen, Wendy L. Hudson, Matthew R. Brown, Craig M. Long, Jeffrey R. TI Hydrocarbon oxidations using iron metal-organic frameworks SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Xiao, Dianne J.; Bloch, Eric D.; Mason, Jarad A.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Queen, Wendy L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hudson, Matthew R.; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM djxiao@berkeley.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 437-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167401100 ER PT J AU Hafs, AW Harrison, LR Utz, RM Dunne, T AF Hafs, Andrew W. Harrison, Lee R. Utz, Ryan M. Dunne, Thomas TI Quantifying the role of woody debris in providing bioenergetically favorable habitat for juvenile salmon SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; Large woody debris; Bioenergetics; Hydrodynamic modeling; Central Valley; Habitat enhancement ID DRIFT-FEEDING SALMONIDS; CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; WASHINGTON STREAMS; FLUVIAL PROCESSES; AQUATIC HABITATS; GROWTH-RATE; BED STREAM; RIVER; MODEL AB The habitat complexity of a riverine ecosystem influences the bioenergetics of drift feeding fish. We coupled hydrodynamic and bioenergetic models to assess the influence of habitat complexity generated by large woody debris (LWD) on the growth potential of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in a river that lacked large wood. Simulations indicated how LWD diversified the flow field, creating pronounced velocity gradients, which enhanced fish feeding and resting activities at the sub-meter scale. Fluid drag created by individual wood structures increased under higher wood loading amounts, leading to a 5-19% reduction in the reach-averaged velocity. The reach-scale growth potential was asymptotically related to wood loading, suggesting that the river became saturated with LWD and additional loading would produce minimal benefit for the configurations we simulated. In the scenario we analyzed for illustration, LWD additions could quadruple the potential growth area available before that limit was reached for the configurations selected for demonstration. Wood depletion in the world's rivers has been documented extensively, leading to widespread attempts by river managers to reverse this trend by adding wood to simplified aquatic habitats. However, systematic prediction of the effects of wood on fish growth has not been previously accomplished. We offer a quantitative approach for assessing the influence of wood on habitat potential for fish growth at the microhabitat and reach-scales. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hafs, Andrew W.] Bemidji State Univ, Dept Aquat Biol, Bemidji, MN 56601 USA. [Harrison, Lee R.] NOAA Fisheries, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Utz, Ryan M.] Natl Ecol Observ Network, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Hafs, Andrew W.; Dunne, Thomas] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Hafs, AW (reprint author), Bemidji State Univ, Dept Aquat Biol, Bemidji, MN 56601 USA. EM ahafs@bemidjistate.edu; lee.harrison@noaa.gov; rutz@neoninc.org; tdunne@bren.ucsb.edu OI Harrison, Lee/0000-0002-5219-9280 FU Delta Stewardship Council, Delta Science Program [U-05-SC-058] FX This project was funded by the Delta Stewardship Council, Delta Science Program (grant no. U-05-SC-058). The suggestion to analyze the potential for improving habitat by adding structure to a simplified channel was first made to us by Fred P. Jurick of the California Department of Fish and Game. Kevin Faulkenberry and David Encinas of the California Department of Water Resources assisted with hydraulic information about the MRSHEP channel reach. We are grateful to Bruce Kendall, Steve Lindley, John Melack, and John Sabo for providing comments that improved this manuscript. NR 63 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 285 BP 30 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.04.015 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AJ7NL UT WOS:000337883300004 ER PT J AU Punt, AE Poljak, D Dalton, MG Foy, RJ AF Punt, Andre E. Poljak, Dusanka Dalton, Michael G. Foy, Robert J. TI Evaluating the impact of ocean acidification on fishery yields and profits: The example of red king crab in Bristol Bay SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE MSY; MEY; North Pacific; Ocean acidification; Red king crab ID PARALITHODES-CAMTSCHATICUS; CARBON; CO2; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; ECOSYSTEM; GROWTH; ALASKA AB A stage-structured pre-recruit model was developed to capture hypotheses regarding the impact of ocean acidification on the survival of pre-recruit crab. The model was parameterized using life history and survival data for red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) derived from experiments conducted at the National Marine Fisheries Service Kodiak laboratory. A parameterized pre-recruit model was linked to a post-recruit population dynamics model for adult male red king crab in Bristol Bay, Alaska that included commercial fishery harvest. This coupled population dynamics model was integrated with a bioeconomic model of commercial fishing sector profits to forecast how the impacts of ocean acidification on the survival of pre-recruit red king crab will affect yields and profits for the Bristol Bay red king crab fishery for a scenario that includes future ocean pH levels predictions. Expected yields and profits were projected to decline over the next 50-100 years in this scenario given reductions in pre-recruit survival due to decreasing ocean pH levels over time. The target fishing mortality used to provide management advice based on the current harvest policy for Bristol Bay red king crab also declined over time in response to declining survival rates. However, the impacts of ocean acidification due to reduced pre-recruit survival on yield and profits are likely to be limited for the next 10-20 years, and its effects will likely be masked by natural variation in pre-recruit survival. This analysis is an initial step toward a fully integrated understanding of the impact of ocean acidification on fishery yields and profits, and could be used to focus future research efforts. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Punt, Andre E.; Poljak, Dusanka] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dalton, Michael G.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Foy, Robert J.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kodiak Lab, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Punt, AE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM aepunt@uw.edu RI Poljak, Dragan/E-5951-2017 OI Poljak, Dragan/0000-0003-1205-4842 FU NOAA FX AEP and DP were supported by NOAA through the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program. Martin Dorn (AFSC, NOAA), the editor and two anonymous reviewers are thanked for their comments on an earlier version of this paper. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 75 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 285 BP 39 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.04.017 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AJ7NL UT WOS:000337883300005 ER PT J AU Hawks, SA Aguirre, JC Schelhas, LT Thompson, RJ Huber, RC Ferreira, AS Zhang, GY Herzing, AA Tolbert, SH Schwartz, BJ AF Hawks, Steven A. Aguirre, Jordan C. Schelhas, Laura T. Thompson, Robert J. Huber, Rachel C. Ferreira, Amy S. Zhang, Guangye Herzing, Andrew A. Tolbert, Sarah H. Schwartz, Benjamin J. TI Comparing Matched Polymer:Fullerene Solar Cells Made by Solution-Sequential Processing and Traditional Blend Casting: Nanoscale Structure and Device Performance SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE; EXTERNAL QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; POWER CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; VERTICAL PHASE-SEPARATION; BULK HETEROJUNCTION; ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS; SELF-ORGANIZATION; FILL FACTOR; POLYMER; BILAYER AB Polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell active layers can be created by traditional blend casting (BC), where the components are mixed together in solution before deposition, or by sequential processing (SqP), where the pure polymer and fullerene materials are cast sequentially from different solutions. Presently, however, the relative merits of SqP as compared to BC are not fully understood because there has yet to be an equivalent (composition- and thickness-matched layer) comparison between the two processing techniques. The main reason why matched SqP and BC devices have not been compared is because the composition of SqP active layers has not been accurately known. In this paper, we present a novel technique for accurately measuring the polymer:fullerene film composition in SqP active layers, which allows us to make the first comparisons between rigorously composition- and thickness-matched BHJ organic solar cells made by SqP and traditional BC. We discover that, in optimal photovoltaic devices, SqP active layers have a very similar composition as their optimized BC counterparts (approximate to 44-50 mass % PCBM). We then present a thorough investigation of the morphological and device properties of thickness- and composition-matched P3HT:PCBM SqP and BC active layers in order to better understand the advantages and drawbacks of both processing approaches. For our matched devices, we find that small-area SqP cells perform better than BC cells due to both superior film quality and enhanced optical absorption from more crystalline P3HT. The enhanced film quality of SqP active layers also results in higher performance and significantly better reproducibility in larger-area devices, indicating that SqP is more amenable to scaling than the traditional BC approach. X-ray diffraction, UV vis absorption, and energy-filtered transmission electron tomography collectively show that annealed SqP active layers have a finer-scale blend morphology and more crystalline polymer and fullerene domains when compared to equivalently processed BC active layers. Charge extraction by linearly increasing voltage (CELIV) measurements, combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, also show that the top (nonsubstrate) interface for SqP films is slightly richer in PCBM compared to matched BC active layers. Despite these clear differences in bulk and vertical morphology, transient photovoltage, transient photocurrent, and subgap external quantum efficiency measurements all indicate that the interfacial electronic processes occurring at P3HT:PCBM heterojunctions are essentially identical in matched-annealed SqP and BC active layers, suggesting that device physics are surprisingly robust with respect to the details of the BHJ morphology. C1 [Hawks, Steven A.; Tolbert, Sarah H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Aguirre, Jordan C.; Schelhas, Laura T.; Thompson, Robert J.; Huber, Rachel C.; Ferreira, Amy S.; Zhang, Guangye; Tolbert, Sarah H.; Schwartz, Benjamin J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Tolbert, Sarah H.; Schwartz, Benjamin J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Herzing, Andrew A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tolbert, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM tolbert@chem.ucla.edu; schwartz@chem.ucla.edu RI Tolbert, Sarah/L-2321-2016; OI Schwartz, Benjamin/0000-0003-3257-9152 FU NSF IGERT: The Materials Creation Training Program (MCTP) [DGE-0654431]; Clean Green IGERT (CGI), an energy-based NSF IGERT program [DGE-0903720]; Molecularly Engineered Energy Materials (MEEM), an Energy Frontier Research Center - US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001342]; National Science foundation [NSF CHE-1112569]; NSF [0840531]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-76SF00515] FX S.A.H, J.C.A, and R.J.T. acknowledge support from an NSF IGERT: The Materials Creation Training Program (MCTP), DGE-0654431, and A.S.F. acknowledges support from The Clean Green IGERT (CGI), an energy-based NSF IGERT program (DGE-0903720). This research also was supported as part of the Molecularly Engineered Energy Materials (MEEM), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Award DE-SC0001342 (device studies, X-ray diffraction, electron energy loss TEM, transient current and voltage measurements, subgap EQE measurements, and manuscript preparation) and by the National Science foundation under Grant NSF CHE-1112569 (XPS, compositional studies, CW spectroscopy, and manuscript preparation). The XPS instrument used in this work was obtained with support from the NSF, Award 0840531. The X-ray diffraction studies presented in this manuscript were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource. Use of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. The authors are also grateful to R. A. Street (PARC) for helpful discussions and aid with subgap EQE measurements. NR 89 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 7 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 31 BP 17413 EP 17425 DI 10.1021/jp504560r PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AM9SW UT WOS:000340222300027 ER PT J AU Verdal, N Udovic, TJ Stavila, V Tang, WS Rush, JJ Skripov, AV AF Verdal, Nina Udovic, Terrence J. Stavila, Vitalie Tang, Wan Si Rush, John J. Skripov, Alexander V. TI Anion Reorientations in the Superionic Conducting Phase of Na2B12H12 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SOLVENT-FREE SYNTHESIS; LI2B12H12; NA; DECOMPOSITION; DESORPTION; SCATTERING; STABILITY; SYSTEM AB Quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) methods were used to characterize the reorientational dynamics of the dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate (B12H122-) anions in the high-temperature, superionic conducting phase of Na2B12H12. The icosahedral anions in this disordered cubic phase were found to undergo rapid reorientational motions, on the order of 10(11) jumps s(-1) above 530 K, consistent with previous NMR measurements and neutron elastic-scattering fixed-window scans. QENS measurements as a function of the neutron momentum transfer suggest a reorientational mechanism dominated by small-angle jumps around a single axis. The results show a relatively low activation energy for reorientation of 259 meV (25 kJ mol(-1)). C1 [Verdal, Nina; Udovic, Terrence J.; Tang, Wan Si; Rush, John J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Verdal, Nina; Tang, Wan Si; Rush, John J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Stavila, Vitalie] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Skripov, Alexander V.] Russian Acad Sci, Ural Branch, Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia. RP Verdal, N (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Skripov, Alexander/K-4525-2013 OI Skripov, Alexander/0000-0002-0610-5538 FU DOE EERE [DE-EE0002978, DE-AI-01-05EE11104, DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [12-03-00078]; U.S. Civilian Research & Development Foundation (CRDF Global) [RUP1-7076-EK-12]; National Science Foundation [OISE-9531011, DMR-0944772] FX This work was partially supported by the DOE EERE through Grant Nos. DE-EE0002978, DE-AI-01-05EE11104, and DE-AC04-94AL85000 and by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under Grant No. 12-03-00078, the U.S. Civilian Research & Development Foundation (CRDF Global) under Award No. RUP1-7076-EK-12 and the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. OISE-9531011. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-0944772. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 7 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 31 BP 17483 EP 17489 DI 10.1021/jp506252c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AM9SW UT WOS:000340222300034 ER PT J AU Pollock, RA Her, JH Brown, CM Liu, Y Dailly, A AF Pollock, Rachel A. Her, Jae-Hyuk Brown, Craig M. Liu, Yun Dailly, Anne TI Kinetic Trapping of D-2 in MIL-53(Al) Observed Using Neutron Scattering SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORK; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; POROUS COORDINATION POLYMER; RAY-POWDER DIFFRACTION; HIGH METHANE UPTAKE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GAS-ADSORPTION; HYDROGEN ADSORPTION; HYDROCARBON ADSORPTION; STRUCTURAL TRANSITION AB We have studied gas adsorption effects on the structure of a metal-organic framework, MIL-53(Al), a material well-known because of the controllable framework "breathing" phenomenon. Neutron powder diffraction between 4 and 77 K and up to 4.5 bar pressure D-2 confirms that a structural phase transition is responsible for the observed H-2/D-2 isotherm hysteresis at 77 K. We find two crystallographically distinct D-2 adsorption sites in MIL-53(Al) when the pores are fully opened, similar to those reported for D-2 in MIL-53(Cr), but in contrast with the previously published cases of CO2 and H2O. Upon desorption of D-2 at 77 K, we find strong evidence for the existence of D-2 molecules kinetically trapped in the center of the closed pore of MIL-53(Al). This "molecular clamp" appears to be functional until approximate to 1120 K, the temperature at which the D-2 eventually desorbs under dynamic vacuum. Hydrogen diffusion constants calculated using quasielastic neutron scattering data collected along the isotherm are also consistent with H-2 being trapped in the closed pore structure. Diffraction experiments performed with N-2 and He gases under similar conditions show the range of structural response from immediate pore opening at low N-2 pressures (<1 bar) to no observable effect at 10 bar He. C1 [Pollock, Rachel A.; Her, Jae-Hyuk; Brown, Craig M.; Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pollock, Rachel A.; Her, Jae-Hyuk] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Brown, Craig M.; Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Dailly, Anne] Gen Motors, Global Res & Dev, Warren, MI 48090 USA. RP Brown, CM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM craig.brown@nist.gov RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy within the Hydrogen Sorption Center of Excellence; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX This work was partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy within the Hydrogen Sorption Center of Excellence. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-0944772. We thank M.R. Hudson for comments concerning this manuscript. NR 87 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 7 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 31 BP 18197 EP 18206 DI 10.1021/jp504870n PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AM9SW UT WOS:000340222300115 ER PT J AU Sprague, MK Irikura, KK AF Sprague, Matthew K. Irikura, Karl K. TI Quantitative estimation of uncertainties from wavefunction diagnostics SO THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY ACCOUNTS LA English DT Article DE T1; D1; %TAE[(T)]; Atomization energy; Non-dynamical correlation; Thermochemistry ID COUPLED-CLUSTER; THERMOCHEMICAL KINETICS; AB-INITIO; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CORRELATION ENERGIES; DENSITY FUNCTIONALS; DIPOLE-MOMENTS; MOLECULES; QUALITY; MODEL AB Coupled-cluster calculations with large basis sets are used widely to make predictions of gas-phase thermochemistry. Wavefunction diagnostics are sometimes used to indicate whether or not there is problematic multireference character that may cause errors. Here, we investigate whether existing diagnostics, as well as diagnostics proposed by us, can be used to estimate these errors quantitatively. We calculate the atomization energy of 50 molecules, including known multireference molecules such as CN, C-2, O-3, ortho-benzyne, formaldehyde oxide, and hydrogen trioxy radical. In addition to the c(0)(2), T-1, D-1, and %TAE[(T)] diagnostics, we assess the Hartree-Fock HOMO-LUMO gap, maximum occupation number defect, first vertical excitation energy, a direct estimate of multireference effects, and combinations of diagnostics as indicators of errant thermochemistry. C1 [Sprague, Matthew K.; Irikura, Karl K.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Irikura, KK (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matthew.sprague@nist.gov; karl.irikura@nist.gov OI Sprague, Matthew/0000-0002-3526-7077 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This research was performed while MKS held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. We thank the anonymous reviewers for copious suggestions and patience, and Drs. Russell D. Johnson III, Thomas C. Allison, and Yamil Simon for helpful discussions and comments on the manuscript. NR 68 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-881X EI 1432-2234 J9 THEOR CHEM ACC JI Theor. Chem. Acc. PD AUG 7 PY 2014 VL 133 IS 9 AR 1544 DI 10.1007/s00214-014-1544-z PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AN3KL UT WOS:000340486400001 ER PT J AU Wilson, AC Colombe, Y Brown, KR Knill, E Leibfried, D Wineland, DJ AF Wilson, A. C. Colombe, Y. Brown, K. R. Knill, E. Leibfried, D. Wineland, D. J. TI Tunable spin-spin interactions and entanglement of ions in separate potential wells SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM SIMULATION; TRAPPED IONS; COMPUTERS; PHYSICS AB Quantum simulation(1,2)-the use of one quantum system to simulate a less controllable one-may provide an understanding of the many quantum systems which cannot be modelled using classical computers. Considerable progress in control and manipulation has been achieved for various quantum systems(3-5), but one of the remaining challenges is the implementation of scalable devices. In this regard, individual ions trapped in separate tunable potential wells are promising(6-8). Here we implement the basic features of this approach and demonstrate deterministic tuning of the Coulomb interaction between two ions, independently controlling their local wells. The scheme is suitable for emulating a range of spin-spin interactions, but to characterize the performance of our set-up we select one that entangles the internal states of the two ions with a fidelity of 0.82(1) (the digit inparentheses shows the standard error of the mean). Extension of this building block to a two-dimensional network, which is possible using ion-trap microfabrication processes(9), may provide a new quantum simulator architecture with broad flexibility in designing and scaling the arrangement of ions and their mutual interactions. To perform useful quantum simulations, including those of condensed-matter phenomena such as the fractional quantum Hall effect, an array of tens of ions might be sufficient(4,10,11). C1 [Wilson, A. C.; Colombe, Y.; Knill, E.; Leibfried, D.; Wineland, D. J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Brown, K. R.] Georgia Tech Res Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Wilson, AC (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM andrew.wilson@nist.gov FU Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA); ONR; NIST Quantum Information Program FX We thank K. McCormick, A. Keith and D. Allcock for comments on the manuscript. This research was funded by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), ONR, and the NIST Quantum Information Program. All statements of fact, opinion or conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be construed as representing the official views or policies of IARPA or the ODNI. This work, a submission of NIST, is not subject to US copyright. NR 39 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 33 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 7 PY 2014 VL 512 IS 7512 BP 57 EP + DI 10.1038/nature13565 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM5NX UT WOS:000339908000030 PM 25100480 ER PT J AU Massillon-JL, G Cabrera-Santiago, A Minniti, R O'Brien, M Soares, CG AF Massillon-JL, G. Cabrera-Santiago, A. Minniti, R. O'Brien, M. Soares, C. G. TI Influence of phantom materials on the energy dependence of LiF: Mg, Ti thermoluminescent dosimeters exposed to 20-300 kV narrow x-ray spectra, Cs-137 and Co-60 photons SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE low-energy X-rays; TLD-100; relative efficiency; LET; dose from diagnostic; brachytherapy source; Monte Carlo simulation ID GAMMA-RAYS; BEAMS; TLD-100; SUPRALINEARITY; BRACHYTHERAPY; RADIOTHERAPY; RANGE; AUDIT; WATER; FIELD AB LiF: Mg, Ti, are widely used to estimate absorbed-dose received by patients during diagnostic or medical treatment. Conveniently, measurements are usually made in plastic phantoms. However, experimental conditions vary from one group to another and consequently, a lack of consensus data exists for the energy dependence of thermoluminescent (TL) response. This work investigated the energy dependence of TLD-100 TL-response and the effect of irradiating the dosimeters in different phantom materials for a broad range of energy photons in an attempt to understand the parameters that affect the discrepancies reported by various research groups. TLD-100s were exposed to 20-300 kV narrow x-ray spectra, Cs-137 and Co-60 photons. Measurements were performed in air, PMMA, wt1, polystyrene and TLDS as surrounding material. Total air-kerma values delivered were between 50 and 150 mGy for x-rays and 50 mGy for Cs-137 and Co-60 beams; each dosimeter was irradiated individually. Relative response, R, defined as the TL-response per air-kerma and relative efficiency, RE, described as the TL-response per absorbed-dose (obtained through Monte Carlo (MC) and analytically) were used to describe the TL-response. Both R and RE are normalized to the responses in a Co-60 beam. The results indicate that the use of different phantom materials affects the TL-response and this response varies with energy and material type. MC simulations reproduced qualitatively the experimental data: a) R increases, reaches a maximum at similar to 25 keV and decreases; b) RE decreases, down to a minimum at similar to 60 keV, increases to a maximum at similar to 150 keV and after decreases. Independent of the phantom materials, RE strongly depends on how the absorbed dose is evaluated and the discrepancies between RE evaluated analytically and by MC simulation are around 4% and 18%, dependent on the photon energy. The comparison between our results and that reported in the literature suggests that the discrepancy observed between different research groups appears to be most likely related to supralinearity effect, phantom materials, difference on the energy-spectra and geometry conditions during each experiment rather than parameters such as heating-rate or annealing procedure, which was supported by MC simulation. From the results obtained in this work and the strict analysis performed, we can conclude that for clinical applications of TLD-100, special attention must be taken when published data are used to convert TL calibration curve from Co-60 to low-energy photons. Otherwise, this can lead to incorrect results when later used to measure absorbed dose in human tissue. C1 [Massillon-JL, G.; Cabrera-Santiago, A.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. [Minniti, R.; O'Brien, M.; Soares, C. G.] NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Massillon-JL, G (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. EM massillon@fisica.unam.mx FU DGAPA-UNAM [IN105813]; Conacyt [127409] FX This work was partially supported by DGAPA-UNAM grant IN105813 and Conacyt grant 127409. We want to thank Jason Walia from the Radiation Physics Divison at NIST for his valuable comments on reviewing the manuscript. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-9155 EI 1361-6560 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD AUG 7 PY 2014 VL 59 IS 15 BP 4149 EP 4166 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/59/15/4149 PG 18 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AM7OI UT WOS:000340056800011 PM 25004055 ER PT J AU Kobayashi, DR Farman, R Polovina, JJ Parker, DM Rice, M Balazs, GH AF Kobayashi, Donald R. Farman, Richard Polovina, Jeffrey J. Parker, Denise M. Rice, Marc Balazs, George H. TI "Going with the Flow'' or Not: Evidence of Positive Rheotaxis in Oceanic Juvenile Loggerhead Turtles (Caretta caretta) in the South Pacific Ocean Using Satellite Tags and Ocean Circulation Data SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; OLIVACEA SEA-TURTLES; ORIENTATION; MOVEMENT; BEHAVIOR; CURRENTS; HABITAT; DESIGN; MODEL AB The movement of juvenile loggerhead turtles (n = 42) out-fitted with satellite tags and released in oceanic waters off New Caledonia was examined and compared with ocean circulation data. Merging of the daily turtle movement data with drifter buoy movements, OSCAR (Ocean Surface Current Analyses - Real time) circulation data, and three different vertical strata (05 m, 0-40 m, 0-100 m) of HYCOM (HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model) circulation data indicated the turtles were swimming against the prevailing current in a statistically significant pattern. This was not an artifact of prevailing directions of current and swimming, nor was it an artifact of frictional slippage. Generalized additive modeling was used to decompose the pattern of swimming into spatial and temporal components. The findings are indicative of a positive rheotaxis whereby an organism is able to detect the current flow and orient itself to swim into the current flow direction or otherwise slow down its movement. Potential mechanisms for the means and adaptive significance of rheotaxis in oceanic juvenile loggerhead turtles are discussed. C1 [Kobayashi, Donald R.; Polovina, Jeffrey J.; Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Farman, Richard] Aquarium Lagons, Noumea, New Caledonia. [Parker, Denise M.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Newport, OR USA. [Rice, Marc] Hawaii Preparatory Acad, Kamuela, HI USA. RP Kobayashi, DR (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM Donald.Kobayashi@noaa.gov FU United States government to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX The funders were base funding and add-on funding from the United States government to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 6 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 8 AR e103701 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0103701 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM6SM UT WOS:000339995100025 PM 25098694 ER PT J AU Brent, LC Reiner, JL Dickerson, RR Sander, LC AF Brent, Lacey C. Reiner, Jessica L. Dickerson, Russell R. Sander, Lane C. TI Method for Characterization of Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids in Atmospheric Aerosols Using Ion Chromatography Mass Spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; AIR-POLLUTION; IDENTIFICATION; PHOTOOXIDATION; CHAMBER; VALLEY; PHASE AB The structural composition of PM2.5 monitored in the atmosphere is usually divided by the analysis of organic carbon, black (also called elemental) carbon, and inorganic salts. The characterization of the chemical composition of aerosols represents a significant challenge to analysts, and studies are frequently limited to determination of aerosol bulk properties. To better understand the potential health effects and combined interactions of components in aerosols, a variety of measurement techniques for individual analytes in PM2.5 need to be implemented. The method developed here for the measurement of organic acids achieves class separation of aliphatic monoacids, aliphatic diacids, aromatic acids, and polyacids. The selective ion monitoring capability of a triple quadropole mass analyzer was frequently capable of overcoming instances of incomplete separations. Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1649b Urban Dust was characterized; 34 organic acids were qualitatively identified, and 6 organic acids were quantified. C1 [Brent, Lacey C.; Reiner, Jessica L.; Dickerson, Russell R.; Sander, Lane C.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brent, LC (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lbrent@nist.gov RI Dickerson, Russell/F-2857-2010 OI Dickerson, Russell/0000-0003-0206-3083 NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 5 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 15 BP 7328 EP 7336 DI 10.1021/ac403937e PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AM7XD UT WOS:000340081100029 PM 24967907 ER PT J AU Ragland, JM Liebert, D Wirth, E AF Ragland, Jared M. Liebert, Daniel Wirth, Edward TI Using Procedural Blanks to Generate Analyte-Specific Limits of Detection for Persistent Organic Pollutants Based on GC-MS Analysis SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID QUANTIFICATION LIMITS; ANALYTICAL-CHEMISTRY; CALIBRATION; STATISTICS; DRUGS AB Several methods are used to generate a limit of detection for organic pollutants measured by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS); all have theoretical and practical drawbacks. The current project investigated two common existing methods (statistical and empirical) for applicability to chromatographic properties from real samples, comparing these with a new proposed method using procedural blanks to estimate a minimum detectable peak area. Weaknesses of all three methods are discussed. The proposed method was superior to other examined methods in that it provided analyte-specific limits of detection linked to the recovery of mass-labeled internal standards for every analyte within every sample. Other identified quality assurance benefits included the following: enhanced protection against false positives; providing a sensitivity performance metric across batch, analyst, and instrument; enabling chemists with discretionary decisions specific to every analyte regarding detectability and interferences; and some strengths of both statistical and empirical techniques without major drawbacks of either. In marine sediment samples, the proposed method of calculating the limit of detection increased reporting of trace level (low- to subppb) GC-MS data for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by up to 400% compared with the statistical method. C1 [Ragland, Jared M.] JHT Inc, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Liebert, Daniel] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Wirth, Edward] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Res Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Ragland, JM (reprint author), NIST, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM jaredragland@gmail.com NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 5 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 15 BP 7696 EP 7704 DI 10.1021/ac501615n PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AM7XD UT WOS:000340081100077 PM 25007285 ER PT J AU Forbes, TP Sisco, E AF Forbes, Thomas P. Sisco, Edward TI Mass Spectrometry Detection and Imaging of Inorganic and Organic Explosive Device Signatures Using Desorption Electro-Flow Focusing Ionization SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BLACK POWDER; METAL-IONS; GAS-PHASE; IDENTIFICATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; VALIDATION; SURFACES; RDDS; MS AB We demonstrate the coupling of desorption electro-flow focusing ionization (DEFFI) with in-source collision induced dissociation (CID)) for the mass spectrometric (MS) detection and imaging of explosive device components, including both inorganic and organic explosives and energetic materials. We utilize in-source CID to enhance ion collisions with atmospheric gas, thereby reducing adducts and minimizing organic contaminants. Optimization of the MS signal response as a function of in-source CID potential demonstrated contrasting trends for the detection of inorganic and organic explosive device components. DEFFI-MS and in-source CID enabled isotopic and molecular speciation of inorganic components, providing further physicochemical information. The developed system facilitated the direct detection and chemical mapping of trace analytes collected with Nomex swabs and spatially resolved distributions within artificial fingerprints from forensic lift tape. The results presented here provide the forensic and security sectors a powerful tool for the detection, chemical imaging, and inorganic speciation of explosives device signatures. C1 [Forbes, Thomas P.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sisco, Edward] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Forbes, TP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.forbes@nist.gov RI Forbes, Thomas/M-3091-2014 OI Forbes, Thomas/0000-0002-7594-5514 FU Department of Defense Science, Mathematics, and Research for Transformation Fellowship; The U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate [IAA HSHQDC-12-X-00024]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX E.S. acknowledges support from a Department of Defense Science, Mathematics, and Research for Transformation Fellowship. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate sponsored a portion of the production of this material under Interagency Agreement IAA HSHQDC-12-X-00024 with the National Institute of Standards and Technology. This Article is an official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 5 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 15 BP 7788 EP 7797 DI 10.1021/ac501718j PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AM7XD UT WOS:000340081100089 PM 24968206 ER PT J AU Moore, CW Zielinska, B Petron, G Jackson, RB AF Moore, Christopher W. Zielinska, Barbara Petron, Gabrielle Jackson, Robert B. TI Air Impacts of Increased Natural Gas Acquisition, Processing, and Use: A Critical Review SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; UNITED-STATES; SHALE GAS; METHANE LEAKAGE; OZONE IMPACTS; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; PIPELINE LEAKS; MOTOR-VEHICLES; BARNETT SHALE; EMISSIONS AB During the past decade, technological advancements in the United States and Canada have led to rapid and intensive development of many unconventional natural gas plays (e.g., shale gas, tight sand gas, coal-bed methane), raising concerns about environmental impacts. Here, we summarize the current understanding of local and regional air quality impacts of natural gas extraction, production, and use. Air emissions from the natural gas life cycle include greenhouse gases, ozone precursors (volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides), air toxics, and particulates. National and state regulators primarily use generic emission inventories to assess the climate, air quality, and health impacts of natural gas systems. These inventories rely on limited, incomplete, and sometimes outdated emission factors and activity data, based on few measurements. We discuss case studies for specific air impacts grouped by natural gas life cycle segment, summarize the potential benefits of using natural gas over other fossil fuels, and examine national and state emission regulations pertaining to natural gas systems. Finally, we highlight specific gaps in scientific knowledge and suggest that substantial additional measurements of air emissions from the natural gas life cycle are essential to understanding the impacts and benefits of this resource. C1 [Moore, Christopher W.; Zielinska, Barbara] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Petron, Gabrielle] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Petron, Gabrielle] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jackson, Robert B.] Stanford Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Jackson, Robert B.] Stanford Univ, Precourt Inst Energy, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Jackson, Robert B.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Jackson, Robert B.] Ctr Global Change, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Moore, CW (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM chris.moore@dri.edu RI Moore, Christopher/E-8448-2012 OI Moore, Christopher/0000-0002-6042-5583 FU National Science Foundation AirWaterGas Sustainability Research Network award; National Science Foundation (Geosciences Directorate); Environmental Defense Fund; Duke University FX C.M. and B.Z. thank DRI's Division of Atmospheric Sciences for support to write this review. G.P. acknowledges financial support from the National Science Foundation AirWaterGas Sustainability Research Network award. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of their employers and funding sources. R.J. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (Geosciences Directorate), the Environmental Defense Fund, and Duke University. NR 138 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 16 U2 138 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 5 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 15 SI SI BP 8349 EP 8359 DI 10.1021/es4053472 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AM7WY UT WOS:000340080600007 PM 24588259 ER PT J AU Manning, LM Peterson, CH Bishop, MJ AF Manning, Lisa M. Peterson, Charles H. Bishop, Melanie J. TI Dominant macrobenthic populations experience sustained impacts from annual disposal of fine sediments on sandy beaches SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Beach nourishment; Coastal erosion; Fine sediment disposal; Sandy beach; Sea-level rise; Soft sediments; Surf fish; Turbidity ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; EMERITA-TALPOIDA; DREDGED MATERIAL; MOLE CRAB; NOURISHMENT; HABITAT; FISH; INVERTEBRATES; MACROINFAUNA; DEGRADATION AB Despite increasing use of dredged materials as beach fill to protect coastal property and public beaches from storm damage, knowledge of how this practice affects sandy beach ecosystems remains poor. We coupled field monitoring of 2 successive beach disposal events with mesocosm experiments to assess mechanisms of ecological effects of fine sediment disposal. Macrobenthic sampling on Topsail Island, North Carolina, revealed that disposal of dredge spoils transformed beach grain sizes from medium to fine sand. Water sampling documented substantially elevated surf-zone turbidity during and occasionally after sediment deposition. When disposal occurred before spring invertebrate recruitment to the beach, it negatively influenced recruitment of the mole crab Emerita talpoida and the amphipod Parahaustorius longimerus. When disposal followed recruitment, it affected abundances of the bean clam Donax variabilis and 3 species of haustoriid amphipods negatively, and abundance of the spionid polychaete Scolelepis squamata positively. Effects lasted for the full warm season, and suppressions of invertebrate abundances were repeated across successive annual disposal events. In mesocosms, turbidity matching that induced in the field slowed growth of clams and modified habitat choices by predatory fishes. Hence, annual disposal of fine-grained dredge spoils on these sandy beaches maintained depressed abundances of 5 of 6 macroinvertebrate prey of shorebird and surf fish, without sustaining elevated volumes of beach sediments as long as a year. Implementation of disposal projects before the beginning of the seasonal recruitment of benthos resulted in fewer negative impacts on abundance than disposal projects conducted after the recruitment season, probably reflecting a more universal risk from burial and suffocation. C1 [Manning, Lisa M.; Peterson, Charles H.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Bishop, Melanie J.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. RP Peterson, CH (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 1315 East West Highway,SSMC3, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM cpeters@email.unc.edu FU University of North Carolina; North Carolina Fisheries Resource Grant; North Carolina Sea Grant mini-grants; Brian Robinson Fellowship FX We thank C. Tallent, T. Riley, J. Grabowski, S. Powers, and H. C. Summerson for their assistance with field and laboratory work. O. Defeo and 3 anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. M. Kenworthy offered useful insight into fish ecology and behavior. This work was supported in part by a doctoral fellowship from the University of North Carolina, a North Carolina Fisheries Resource Grant, and North Carolina Sea Grant mini-grants. M. Bishop was supported by the Brian Robinson Fellowship and the Macquarie University Outside Studies Program during preparation of the manuscript. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 11 U2 56 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD AUG 4 PY 2014 VL 508 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.3354/meps10870 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AO2PS UT WOS:000341168300001 ER PT J AU Simmonds, SE Kinlan, BP White, C Paradis, GL Warner, RR Zacherl, DC AF Simmonds, Sara E. Kinlan, Brian P. White, Crow Paradis, Georges L. Warner, Robert R. Zacherl, Danielle C. TI Geospatial statistics strengthen the ability of natural geochemical tags to estimate range-wide population connectivity in marine species SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Connectivity; Larval dispersal; Kelletia kelletii; Statolith; Geochemical tags; Spatial variation; Geostatistics ID CORAL-REEF FISH; OF-THE-ART; OTOLITH CHEMISTRY; LARVAL DISPERSAL; MIGRATORY CONNECTIVITY; ELEMENTAL SIGNATURES; KELLETIA-KELLETII; SELF-RECRUITMENT; SPATIAL-PATTERN; PROTECTED AREAS AB Using calcified structures as natural geochemical tags to estimate levels of population connectivity is becoming increasingly common. However, the technique suffers from several logistical and statistical problems that constrain its full application. Foremost is that only a subset of potential sources is sampled, often compounded by under-sampling within locations at an overly coarse spatial scale. This introduces unknown error and prevents the creation of a range-wide connectivity matrix. To address this issue, we analyzed the natural geochemical tags of embryonic statoliths in the whelk Kelletia kelletii (Forbes, 1850). We sampled from 23 sites over the entire geographic range in 2004 and 2005 from Monterey (California, USA) (36 degrees N) to Isla Asuncion, (Baja California, Mexico) (27 degrees N). We then used geospatial statistics (kriging) to make continuous along-coast maps of embryonic statolith chemistry. This allowed us to estimate chemistry at unsampled locations. We used this new continuous assignment method to estimate the spatial error associated with assignment by the classic method of discriminant function analysis (DFA). Then, we compared the performance of the 2 methods at classifying unknown embryonic statoliths. We found large spatial errors often associated with DFA assignments, even when traditional DFA accuracy assessments indicated the method was performing well. The continuous method provided an improved assessment of uncertainty in assignments. It outperformed the DFA method in classifying unknown embryos to the vicinity of their true source. Geospatial statistics also provided useful information on other range-wide variables, such as adult reproductive abundance. As a proxy for larval supply, such information can aid future assignments of recruits. Our combined analyses help inform sampling designs and motivate the development of a new approach for population connectivity studies. C1 [Simmonds, Sara E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Kinlan, Brian P.] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Biogeog Branch, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kinlan, Brian P.] Consolidated Safety Serv Inc, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [White, Crow] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Paradis, Georges L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Warner, Robert R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Zacherl, Danielle C.] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Biol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. RP Simmonds, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM skoch@ucla.edu RI Simmonds, Sara/P-5211-2015 OI Simmonds, Sara/0000-0003-3438-3559 FU National Science Foundation (OCE) [0351860]; Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans (PISCO); Canon National Parks Science Scholars Program; NOAA [DG133C07NC0616] FX Funding from the National Science Foundation (OCE 0351860 to D.C.Z., Steven D. Gaines and R.R.W.), the Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans (PISCO), and the Canon National Parks Science Scholars Program (C.W.) supported this work. B.P.K. was supported during the writing phase by NOAA Contract No. DG133C07NC0616 with Consolidated Safety Services. Thank you to the staff (Michael Sheehy and Kate Shears) at the University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB) Analytic Lab. A flotilla of SCUBA divers and boat tenders helped to collect samples, including Alison Haupt, Elizabeth Hoaglund-Joubert, Julie Hopper, Julio Lorda, Rodrigo BeasLuna, Juleen Dickson, Brian Cheng, Michael Navarro, Diana Lloyd, and Derek Smith. Thanks also to the boat captains, Capt. Shane Anderson of the fleet of Fish boats at UCSB and Capt. Ray and Capt. Mark of the Garibaldi at the California Department of Fish and Game. Thank you to the Department of Biological Science at the California State University Fullerton for their generous support and use of facilities. Thanks also to Will White and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments that much improved the manuscript. NR 65 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 33 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD AUG 4 PY 2014 VL 508 BP 33 EP 51 DI 10.3354/meps10871 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AO2PS UT WOS:000341168300003 ER PT J AU Mathey, AC Clark, CW Mathey, L AF Mathey, Amy C. Clark, Charles W. Mathey, L. TI Decay of a superfluid current of ultracold atoms in a toroidal trap SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; PHASE-SLIP PHENOMENA; CRITICAL VELOCITY; OPTICAL LATTICES; QUANTUM DYNAMICS; GAS; HELIUM; VORTEX; INTERFEROMETER; TRANSITION AB Using a numerical implementation of the truncated Wigner approximation, we simulate the experiment reported by Ramanathan et al. in Phys. Rev. Lett, 106, 130401 (2011), in which a Bose-Einstein condensate is created in a toroidal trap and set into rotation via a phase imprinting technique. A potential barrier is then placed in the trap to study the decay of the superflow. We find that the current decays via thermally activated phase slips, which can also be visualized as vortices crossing the barrier region in the radial direction. Adopting the notion of critical velocity used in the experiment, we determine it to be lower than the local speed of sound at the barrier, in contradiction to the predictions of the zero-temperature Gross-Pitaevskii equation. We map out the superfluid decay rate and critical velocity as a function of temperature and observe a strong dependence. Thermal fluctuations offer a partial explanation of the experimentally observed reduction of the critical velocity from the phonon velocity. C1 [Mathey, Amy C.; Mathey, L.] Univ Hamburg, Zentrum Opt Quantentechnol, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. [Mathey, Amy C.; Mathey, L.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Laserphys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. [Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mathey, L.] Hamburg Ctr Ultrafast Imaging, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. RP Mathey, AC (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Zentrum Opt Quantentechnol, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. RI Mathey, Ludwig/A-9644-2009; Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 FU NSF under Physics Frontier [PHY-0822671]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB 925]; Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging; Landesexzellenzinitiative Hamburg; Joachim Herz Stiftung; NRC/NIST FX We thank K. C. Wright, A. Ramanathan, C. J. Lobb, W. D. Phillips, and G. K. Campbell for the experimental data and for invaluable discussions on the experimental methods. This work was supported by the NSF under Physics Frontier Grant No. PHY-0822671. We acknowledge support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through the SFB 925 and the Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, and from the Landesexzellenzinitiative Hamburg, which is supported by the Joachim Herz Stiftung. A.C.M. additionally acknowledges support from NRC/NIST. NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG 4 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 2 AR 023604 DI 10.1103/PhsRevA.90.023604 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AM6RX UT WOS:000339993500007 ER PT J AU Fan, JY Migdall, A AF Fan, Jingyun Migdall, Alan TI Microstructured fiber entangles light for quantum information processing SO LASER FOCUS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Fan, Jingyun; Migdall, Alan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fan, Jingyun; Migdall, Alan] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Fan, JY (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jingyun.fan@nist.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO PI NASHUA PA 98 SPIT BROOK RD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 USA SN 1043-8092 J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD JI Laser Focus World PD AUG PY 2014 VL 50 IS 8 BP 48 EP 52 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA CK0KZ UT WOS:000355895400015 ER PT J AU Innis, CJ Braverman, H Cavin, JM Ceresia, ML Baden, LR Kuhn, DM Frasca, S McGowan, JP Hirokawa, K Weber, ES Stacy, B Merigo, C AF Innis, Charles J. Braverman, Hillary Cavin, Julie M. Ceresia, Michelle L. Baden, Lindsey R. Kuhn, Duncan M. Frasca, Salvatore, Jr. McGowan, J. Patrick Hirokawa, Keiko Weber, E. Scott, III Stacy, Brian Merigo, Constance TI Diagnosis and management of Enterococcus spp infections during rehabilitation of cold-stunned Kemp's ridley turtles (Lepidochelys kempii): 50 cases (2006-2012) SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SEA-TURTLES; MARINE TURTLES; CAPE-COD; VANCOMYCIN; MASSACHUSETTS; RATTLESNAKE; MORTALITY; ATLANTIC; SYSTEM; WATERS AB Objective-To evaluate clinical data for cold-stunned Kemp's ridley turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) with Enterococcus spp infections during rehabilitation. Design-Retrospective case series. Animals-50 stranded cold-stunned Kemp's ridley turtles hospitalized between 2006 and 2012. Procedures-Medical records for turtles from which Enterococcus spp were isolated were reviewed retrospectively, and clinical data, including morphometric data, body temperature at admission, physical examination findings, antimicrobial medication history, history of medications administered IV, environmental data, day of diagnosis, clinical signs at diagnosis, microbiological testing results, sources of positive culture results, hematologic and plasma biochemical data, cytologic and histopathologic results, radiographic findings, antimicrobial treatments, time to first negative culture result, treatment duration, results of subsequent cultures, and case outcome, were collated and analyzed. Results-Enterococcus spp were isolated from bacteriologic cultures of blood, bone, joint, and respiratory tract samples and a skin lesion, with supporting evidence of infection provided by histopathologic, cytologic, and radiographic data. Positive culture results were associated with clinical problems such as lethargy, anorexia, and lameness. Most (34/43 [79%]) turtles for which an antemortem diagnosis was made survived with treatment and were released into the wild. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Cold-stunned Kemp's ridley turtles may be affected by serious Enterococcus spp infections during rehabilitation. Recognition and treatment of these infections are important for successful rehabilitation. C1 [Innis, Charles J.; Cavin, Julie M.; Hirokawa, Keiko; Weber, E. Scott, III] New England Aquarium, Dept Anim Hlth, Boston, MA 02110 USA. [Merigo, Constance] New England Aquarium, Dept Rescue & Rehabil, Boston, MA 02110 USA. [Braverman, Hillary] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Hosp Anim, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ceresia, Michelle L.] MCPHS Univ, Sch Pharm, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Baden, Lindsey R.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Kuhn, Duncan M.] Whitehead Inst, Cambridge Ctr 9, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Frasca, Salvatore, Jr.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Connecticut Vet Med Diagnost Lab, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Stacy, Brian] NOAA, Off Protected Resources, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Innis, CJ (reprint author), New England Aquarium, Dept Anim Hlth, 1 Cent Wharf, Boston, MA 02110 USA. EM cinnis@neaq.org FU International Association of Aquatic Animal Medicine Medway Scholarship; US Department of Commerce National Marine Fisheries Service FX Financial support for Dr. Braverman was provided by the International Association of Aquatic Animal Medicine Medway Scholarship. Histologic services were partially funded by the US Department of Commerce National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 EI 1943-569X J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 245 IS 3 BP 315 EP 323 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA CA6CW UT WOS:000348997100022 PM 25029311 ER PT J AU Schulz, P Schafer, T Zangmeister, CD Effertz, C Meyer, D Mokros, D van Zee, RD Mazzarello, R Wuttig, M AF Schulz, Philip Schaefer, Tobias Zangmeister, Christopher D. Effertz, Christian Meyer, Dominik Mokros, Daniel van Zee, Roger D. Mazzarello, Riccardo Wuttig, Matthias TI A New Route to Low Resistance Contacts for Performance-Enhanced Organic Electronic Devices SO ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ENERGY-LEVEL ALIGNMENT; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; SOLAR-CELLS; GOLD SURFACES; INTERFACES; LAYERS; ENERGETICS; CHEMISTRY; AU(111) AB The barrier to charge carrier injection across the semiconductor/electrode interface is a key parameter in the performance of organic transistors and optoelectronic devices, and the work function of the electrode material plays an important role in determining the size of this barrier. We present a new, chemical route for making metal surfaces with low work functions, by functionalizing gold surfaces with self-assembled monolayers of n,n-dialkyl dithiocarbamates. Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy measurements show that work functions of 3.2 eV +/- 0.1 eV can be achieved using this surface modification. Electronic structure calculations reveal that this low work function is a result of the packing-density, polarization along the N-C bond, and charge rearrangement associated with chemisorption. We demonstrate that electrodes functionalized with these monolayers significantly improve the performance of organic thin-film transistors and can potentially be employed in charge selective contacts for organic photovoltaics. C1 [Schulz, Philip; Schaefer, Tobias; Effertz, Christian; Meyer, Dominik; Mokros, Daniel; Wuttig, Matthias] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst IA 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. [Schulz, Philip; Zangmeister, Christopher D.; van Zee, Roger D.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mazzarello, Riccardo] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Theoret Festkorperphys, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. [Mazzarello, Riccardo; Wuttig, Matthias] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, JARA Fundamentals Future Informat Technol, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. RP Schulz, P (reprint author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst IA 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. EM philip.schulz@rwth-aachen.de RI Mazzarello, Riccardo/G-4502-2014; Schulz, Philip/N-2295-2015; Wuttig, Matthias/A-8860-2012 OI Schulz, Philip/0000-0002-8177-0108; Wuttig, Matthias/0000-0003-1498-1025 FU Interreg-project ORGANEXT; German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) FX The authors acknowledge the Interreg-project ORGANEXT for funding. P.S. thanks the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) for financial support. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2196-7350 J9 ADV MATER INTERFACES JI Adv. Mater. Interfaces PD AUG PY 2014 VL 1 IS 5 AR UNSP 1300130 DI 10.1002/admi.201300130 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AZ5TT UT WOS:000348283700005 ER PT J AU Bergeron, DE Cessna, JT Golas, DB Young, RK Zimmerman, BE AF Bergeron, Denis E. Cessna, Jeffrey T. Golas, Daniel B. Young, Rheannan K. Zimmerman, Brian E. TI Dose calibrator manufacturer-dependent bias in assays of I-123 SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Ionization chamber; Dose calibrator; I-123; Secondary standard; Quantitative imaging ID NUCLEAR-MEDICINE; IONIZATION-CHAMBER; SPECT; NUCLIDES; PROGRAM AB Calibration factors for commercial ionization chambers (i.e. dose calibrators) were determined for a solution of I-123; the activity was based on the 1976 NBS standard. A link between the NIST standard and the International Reference System (SIR) was established. The two major U.S. dose calibrator manufacturers recommend oppositely biased calibration factors, giving a spread of 11.3% in measured activities. With modern quantitative imaging techniques capable of <= 10% accuracy, this bias for a SPECT nuclide is highly significant. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bergeron, Denis E.; Cessna, Jeffrey T.; Golas, Daniel B.; Young, Rheannan K.; Zimmerman, Brian E.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bergeron, DE (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM denis.bergeron@nist.gov RI Bergeron, Denis/I-4332-2013 OI Bergeron, Denis/0000-0003-1150-7950 NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 90 BP 79 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.03.018 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AY5ER UT WOS:000347596400012 PM 24705009 ER PT J AU Izadi, F Khoshnam, F Moody, D Zargar, AS AF Izadi, Farzali Khoshnam, Foad Moody, Dustin Zargar, Arman Shamsi TI ELLIPTIC CURVES ARISING FROM BRAHMAGUPTA QUADRILATERALS SO BULLETIN OF THE AUSTRALIAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Brahmagupta quadrilateral; elliptic curve; Heron triangle; rank ID DIOPHANTINE TRIPLES; HIGH-RANK; CONSTRUCTION AB A Brahmagupta quadrilateral is a cyclic quadrilateral whose sides, diagonals and area are all integer values. In this article, we characterise the notions of Brahmagupta, introduced by K. R. S. Sastry ['Brahmagupta quadrilaterals', Forum Geom. 2 (2002), 167-173], by means of elliptic curves. Motivated by these characterisations, we use Brahmagupta quadrilaterals to construct infinite families of elliptic curves with torsion group Z/2Z x Z/2Z having ranks (at least) four, five and six. Furthermore, by specialising we give examples from these families of specific curves with rank nine. C1 [Izadi, Farzali; Khoshnam, Foad; Zargar, Arman Shamsi] Azarbaijan Shahid Madani Univ, Dept Math, Tabriz 5375171379, Iran. [Moody, Dustin] NIST, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Moody, D (reprint author), NIST, Comp Secur Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM farzali.izadi@azaruniv.edu; khoshnam@azaruniv.edu; dustin.moody@nist.gov; shzargar.arman@azaruniv.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0004-9727 EI 1755-1633 J9 B AUST MATH SOC JI Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 90 IS 1 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.1017/S0004972713001172 PG 10 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA AS9UD UT WOS:000344585900006 ER PT J AU McDuffie, EL Piotrowski, VP AF McDuffie, Ernest L. Piotrowski, Victor P. TI The Future of Cybersecurity Education SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article AB By fostering public-private partnerships in cybersecurity education, the US government is motivating federal agencies, industry, and academia to work more closely together to defend cyberspace. C1 [McDuffie, Ernest L.] NIST, NICE, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Piotrowski, Victor P.] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP McDuffie, EL (reprint author), NIST, NICE, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mcduffie@nist.gov; vpiotrow@nsf.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 EI 1558-0814 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD AUG PY 2014 VL 47 IS 8 BP 67 EP 69 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA AS8BW UT WOS:000344476300021 ER PT J AU Heron, SF Liu, G Rauenzahn, JL Christensen, TRL Skirving, WJ Burgess, TFR Eakin, CM Morgan, JA AF Heron, S. F. Liu, G. Rauenzahn, J. L. Christensen, T. R. L. Skirving, W. J. Burgess, T. F. R. Eakin, C. M. Morgan, J. A. TI Improvements to and continuity of operational global thermal stress monitoring for coral bleaching SO JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; ECOSYSTEMS; REFUGIA; EVENTS; REEFS AB Mass coral bleaching results from periods of elevated sea temperature. Satellite monitoring of thermal stress has enhanced the capacity for the management of coral bleaching events worldwide. Satellite-based monitoring tools provide reef managers with cost-effective observations of temperature conditions to monitor the risk of bleaching and to target in situ observations in areas under stress. This paper describes improvements to satellite remote sensing products from NOAA's Coral Reef Watch to enhance product coverage and to correct identified errors in the production of coral reef-specific metrics for thermal stress. In addition, threats to the operational production of the thermal stress metrics are considered and a contingency plan is described to ensure continuity of operations. C1 [Heron, S. F.; Liu, G.; Rauenzahn, J. L.; Skirving, W. J.; Burgess, T. F. R.; Eakin, C. M.] NOAA, Coral Reef Watch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Heron, S. F.] James Cook Univ, Marine Geophys Lab, Townsville City, Qld, Australia. [Christensen, T. R. L.] Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Morgan, J. A.] NOAA, Coral Reef Conservat Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Heron, SF (reprint author), NOAA, Coral Reef Watch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI De La Cour, Jacqueline/E-7920-2011; Skirving, William/E-7927-2011; Liu, Gang/E-7921-2011; Morgan, Jessica/E-7926-2011; Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011; Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010 OI Skirving, William/0000-0003-0167-6427; Liu, Gang/0000-0001-8369-6805; FU NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program, Center for Satellite Applications and Research and Office of Satellite and Product Operations FX This publication was made possible with support from and collaboration with NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program, Center for Satellite Applications and Research and Office of Satellite and Product Operations. Special thanks to J Sapper and A Strong for comments on an earlier version. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the US Government. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1755-876X EI 1755-8778 J9 J OPER OCEANOGR JI J. Oper. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 7 IS 2 BP 3 EP 11 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA AT1XE UT WOS:000344723500001 ER PT J AU Garberoglio, G Patkowski, K Harvey, AH AF Garberoglio, Giovanni Patkowski, Konrad Harvey, Allan H. TI Fully Quantum Cross Second Virial Coefficients for the Three-Dimensional He-H Pair SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Deuterium; Helium; Hydrogen; Isotopes; Mixtures; Second virial coefficient ID HYDROGEN ISOTOPES; 1ST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATION; BINARY-MIXTURES; BOILING POINT; HELIUM; RELAXATION; STATE; GAS; SET AB A recent high-accuracy three-dimensional potential is used to compute the cross second virial coefficient between helium and molecular hydrogen. These calculations fully account for both quantum effects (with the path-integral Monte Carlo method) and the flexibility of the hydrogen molecule. The effect of flexibility is relatively small (only slightly larger than the expanded uncertainty of our results), but the full quantum mechanical approach is essential to obtain correct results at cryogenic temperatures. Values are calculated from 8 K to 2000 K; the uncertainty of the potential is propagated into uncertainties of . Similar calculations are performed for He with the isotopologues D, T, HD, HT, and DT. Comparison is made with the experimental data for the He/H binary, and with the limited data available for He/D and He/HD. The calculated 's are generally consistent with the experimental results, but have lower uncertainties. C1 [Garberoglio, Giovanni] FBK CMM, Interdisciplinary Lab Computat Sci LISC, I-38123 Povo, TN, Italy. [Garberoglio, Giovanni] Univ Trento, I-38123 Povo, TN, Italy. [Patkowski, Konrad] Auburn Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Harvey, Allan H.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Harvey, AH (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM garberoglio@fbk.eu; patkowsk@auburn.edu; aharvey@boulder.nist.gov OI Garberoglio, Giovanni/0000-0002-9201-2716 FU U.S. National Science Foundation CAREER [CHE-1351978]; Auburn University; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare through Fondazione Bruno Kessler FX We thank J.W. Leachman and R. Radebaugh for discussions on data needs for these mixtures. K. P. is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation CAREER Award No. CHE-1351978 and by startup funding from Auburn University. G. G. acknowledges support by Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare through the "Supercalcolo" agreement with Fondazione Bruno Kessler. The path-integral calculations were performed on the KORE computer cluster at Fondazione Bruno Kessler. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 10 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X EI 1572-9567 J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1435 EP 1449 DI 10.1007/s10765-014-1729-7 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA AR9WB UT WOS:000343925800002 ER PT J AU Hoover, AS Winkler, R Rabin, MW Bennett, DA Doriese, WB Fowler, JW Hayes-Wehle, J Horansky, RD Reintsema, CD Schmidt, DR Vale, LR Ullom, JN Schaffer, K AF Hoover, Andrew S. Winkler, Ryan Rabin, Michael W. Bennett, Douglas A. Doriese, William B. Fowler, Joseph W. Hayes-Wehle, James Horansky, Robert D. Reintsema, Carl D. Schmidt, Dan R. Vale, Leila R. Ullom, Joel N. Schaffer, Kathryn TI Uncertainty of Plutonium Isotopic Measurements with Microcalorimeter and High-Purity Germanium Detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gamma-ray detectors; measurement uncertainty; spectroscopy; superconducting photodetectors ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTON MASS ATTENUATION; X-RAY; COEFFICIENTS AB The nondestructive assay (NDA) of plutonium-bearing materials using gamma-ray spectroscopy supports global nuclear nonproliferation and safeguards efforts. High-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors have been used for this application for decades, but the uncertainty limit remains around 1% relative error for measured isotope ratios, an order of magnitude larger than destructive assay. To lower NDA uncertainty limits, we are pursuing new measurement technology using superconducting microcalorimeter detectors, and assessing the sources of current uncertainty limits. We compare results from analysis of plutonium isotopic standards using HPGe and microcalorimeter detectors, and find lower random error for the microcalorimeter data. Uncertainties in the reference values of constants of nature contribute to the total measurement error. For one particular set of constants, the gamma-ray energies, we find that microcalorimeter analysis is much less sensitive (more than a factor of ten) to the uncertainty in nuclear data than HPGe. C1 [Hoover, Andrew S.; Winkler, Ryan; Rabin, Michael W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Bennett, Douglas A.; Doriese, William B.; Fowler, Joseph W.; Hayes-Wehle, James; Horansky, Robert D.; Reintsema, Carl D.; Schmidt, Dan R.; Vale, Leila R.; Ullom, Joel N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schaffer, Kathryn] Sch Art Inst Chicago, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. RP Hoover, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 61 IS 4 BP 2365 EP 2372 DI 10.1109/TNS.2014.2332275 PN 3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AR9XI UT WOS:000343929900008 ER PT J AU MacAlester, MH Murtagh, W AF MacAlester, Mark H. Murtagh, William TI Extreme Space Weather Impact: An Emergency Management Perspective SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GREAT AURORAL STORM; AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 1859; EVENT AB In 2010, the Department of Homeland Security's Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) partnered with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) to investigate the potential for extreme space weather conditions to impact National Security/Emergency Preparedness communications-those communications vital to a functioning government and to emergency and disaster response-in the United States. Given the interdependencies of modern critical infrastructure, the initial systematic review of academic research on space weather effects on communications expanded to other critical infrastructure sectors, federal agencies, and private sector organizations. While the effort is ongoing, and despite uncertainties inherent with this hazard, FEMA and the SWPC did draw some conclusions. If electric power remains available, an extreme space weather event will result in the intermittent loss of HF and similar sky wave radio systems, minimal direct impact to public safety line-of-sight radio and commercial cellular services, a relatively small loss of satellite services as a percentage of the total satellite fleet, interference or intermittent loss of satellite communications and GPS navigation and timing signals, and no first-order impact to consumer electronic devices. Vulnerability of electric power to an extreme geomagnetic storm remains the primary concern from an emergency management perspective, but actual impact is not well understood at present. A discussion of potential impacts to infrastructure from the loss of electric power from any hazard is provided using the 2011 record tornado outbreak in Alabama as an example. C1 [MacAlester, Mark H.] FEMA, Disaster Emergency Commun Div, New Delhi, India. [Murtagh, William] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Natl Weather Serv, Boulder, CO USA. RP MacAlester, MH (reprint author), FEMA, Disaster Emergency Commun Div, New Delhi, India. EM Mark.Macalester@fema.dhs.gov; William.Murtagh@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD AUG PY 2014 VL 12 IS 8 BP 530 EP 537 DI 10.1002/2014SW001095 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AR8AI UT WOS:000343797600002 ER PT J AU Wu, Y Weng, FZ AF Wu Ying Weng Fuzhong TI Applications of an AMSR-E RFI Detection and Correction Algorithm in 1-DVAR over Land SO JOURNAL OF METEOROLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE microwave remote sensing; radio-frequency interference (RFI); AMSR-E; 1-DVAR ID RADIO-FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE; RADIOFREQUENCY INTERFERENCE; MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY; MITIGATION; WINDSAT; OCEAN; SMOS; ASSIMILATION; EMISSIVITY; VALIDATION AB Land retrievals using passive microwave radiometers are sensitive to small fluctuations in land brightness temperatures. As such, the radio-frequency interference (RFI) signals emanating from man-made microwave radiation transmitters can result in large errors in land retrievals. RFI in C- and X-band channels can contaminate remotely sensed measurements, as experienced with the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) and the WindSat sensor. In this work, applications of an RFI detection and correction algorithm in retrieving a comprehensive suite of geophysical parameters from AMSR-E measurements using the one-dimensional variational retrieval (1-DVAR) method are described. The results indicate that the values of retrieved parameters, such as land skin temperature (LST), over these areas contaminated by RFI are much higher than those from the global data assimilation system (GDAS) products. The results also indicate that the differences between new retrievals and GDAS products are decreased evidently through taking into account the RFI correction algorithm. In addition, the convergence metric (chi(2)) of 1-DVAR is found to be a new method for identifying regions where land retrievals are affected by RFI. For example, in those regions with much stronger RFI, such as Europe and Japan, chi(2) of 1-DVAR is so large that convergence cannot be reached and retrieval results may not be reliable or cannot be obtained. Furthermore, chi(2) also decreases with the RFI-corrected algorithm for those regions with moderate or weak RFI. The results of RFI detected by chi(2) are almost consistent with those identified by the spectral difference method. C1 [Wu Ying] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, China Meteorol Adm, Key Lab Aerosol Cloud Precipitat, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Wu Ying] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Atmospher Phys, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Weng Fuzhong] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wu, Y (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, China Meteorol Adm, Key Lab Aerosol Cloud Precipitat, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM wuying_nuist@163.com RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41305033, 41275043, 41175035]; Priority Academic Program Development (PAPD) of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution; NOAA/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) CalVal Program FX Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41305033, 41275043, and 41175035), Priority Academic Program Development (PAPD) of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution, and NOAA/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) CalVal Program. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 2095-6037 EI 2198-0934 J9 J METEOROL RES-PRC JI J. Meteorol. Res. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 28 IS 4 BP 645 EP 655 DI 10.1007/s13351-014-3075-x PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AR5ZG UT WOS:000343660900011 ER PT J AU Ko, YH Lee, K Quay, PD Feely, RA AF Ko, Young Ho Lee, Kitack Quay, Paul D. Feely, Richard A. TI Decadal (1994-2008) change in the carbon isotope ratio in the eastern South Pacific Ocean SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE carbon isotope; anthropogenic carbon dioxide ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; ANNULAR MODE; DELTA-C-13; DIOXIDE; MARINE; DEPTH; CYCLE; SINK AB We determined the 14year change in the anthropogenic CO2 inventory in the eastern South Pacific Ocean along the 110 degrees W meridian from 67 degrees S to 21 degrees N, using seawater C-13 data sets collected in 1994 and 2008. The vertical integral of the 14year C-13 change was assessed in five latitude bands and found to be greatest (-14.7myr(-1)) in the subpolar band (38 degrees S-55 degrees S) and smallest (-3.0myr(-1)) in the tropical band (21 degrees N-18 degrees S). The C-13 change in each of the latitudinal bands was primarily caused by inputs of anthropogenic CO2 via air-sea exchange and transport. More than 50% of the total anthropogenic CO2 was added to the subpolar band via the northward movement of Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) from the south, and the remaining 50% was added via air-sea exchange. We also calculated the ratio of the temporal change in C-13 to the change in dissolved inorganic carbon, which is a measure of the efficiency of oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2. The ratio for AAIW in 1994 (-0.017 parts per thousand (mu molkg(-1)) (-1)) was greater than that in 2008 (-0.010 parts per thousand (mu molkg(-1)) (-1)) based on the change in preformed C-13 and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), indicating reduced efficiency of CO2 uptake by the Southern Ocean in 2008 relative to that in 1994. AAIW remained at the surface for a shorter period in 2008 relative to 1994, and thus would have taken up less atmospheric CO2 prior to subduction. The projected reduction in this ratio indicates a weakening of CO2 uptake by the Southern Ocean in the future. C1 [Ko, Young Ho; Lee, Kitack] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Pohang, South Korea. [Quay, Paul D.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Feely, Richard A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. RP Lee, K (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Pohang, South Korea. EM ktl@postech.ac.kr RI Lee, Kitack/G-7184-2015; OI Ko, Young Ho/0000-0001-5379-2820 FU Mid-career Research Program [2012R1A2A1A01004631]; Global Research Project - National Research Foundation (NRF) of the Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning; project titled "Management of Marine Organisms causing Ecological Disturbance and Harmful Effects" - Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries FX The preparation of the manuscript was supported by the Mid-career Research Program (2012R1A2A1A01004631) and Global Research Project funded by the National Research Foundation (NRF) of the Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning. Partial support was also provided by the project titled "Management of Marine Organisms causing Ecological Disturbance and Harmful Effects" funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD AUG PY 2014 VL 28 IS 8 BP 775 EP 785 DI 10.1002/2013GB004786 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ3VQ UT WOS:000342722000001 ER PT J AU Zhang, Q Lu, YQ Richter, CA Jena, D Seabaugh, A AF Zhang, Qin Lu, Yeqing Richter, Curt A. Jena, Debdeep Seabaugh, Alan TI Optimum Bandgap and Supply Voltage in Tunnel FETs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Analytic model; graphene nanoribbon (GNR); nanowire (NW); tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; DESIGN; LOGIC AB A physics-based analytic model of the ON-and OFF-currents in a homojunction tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) is used to understand the relationship between bandgap, gate length, ON-current, OFF-current, ON/OFF current ratio, and supply voltage to meet minimum energy requirements. The model, which applies to direct-bandgap semiconductors, is validated against numerical simulations to show that it captures the trends of more comprehensive simulations. The analytic model is then used to compare alternative channel materials for TFETs. Gate-all-around InAs nanowire and graphene nanoribbon TFETs are used as design examples at gate lengths of 10 and 15 nm and for an ON/OFF current specification of 10(5). The results suggest that TFETs based on 2-D materials can be more energy efficient than semiconductor nanowire TFETs and conventional metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors for low-power logic. C1 [Zhang, Qin; Lu, Yeqing; Jena, Debdeep; Seabaugh, Alan] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Zhang, Qin; Richter, Curt A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, Q (reprint author), Univ Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. EM qzhang1@nd.edu; ylu6@nd.edu; curt.richter@nist.gov; djena@nd.edu; seabaugh.1@nd.edu FU Semiconductor Research Corporation's Nanoelectronics Research Initiative through the Midwest Institute for Nanoelectronics Discovery; STARnet Center for Low Energy Systems Technology through the MARCO; STARnet Center for Low Energy Systems Technology through DARPA FX This work was supported in part by the Semiconductor Research Corporation's Nanoelectronics Research Initiative through the Midwest Institute for Nanoelectronics Discovery and in part by the STARnet Center for Low Energy Systems Technology through the MARCO and DARPA. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor J. C. S. Woo. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD AUG PY 2014 VL 61 IS 8 BP 2719 EP 2724 DI 10.1109/TED.2014.2330805 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA AQ6FS UT WOS:000342906200016 ER PT J AU Eich, S Stange, A Carr, AV Urbancic, J Popmintchev, T Wiesenmayer, M Jansen, K Ruffing, A Jakobs, S Rohwer, T Hellmann, S Chen, C Matyba, P Kipp, L Rossnagel, K Bauer, M Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC Mathias, S Aeschlimann, M AF Eich, S. Stange, A. Carr, A. V. Urbancic, J. Popmintchev, T. Wiesenmayer, M. Jansen, K. Ruffing, A. Jakobs, S. Rohwer, T. Hellmann, S. Chen, C. Matyba, P. Kipp, L. Rossnagel, K. Bauer, M. Murnane, M. M. Kapteyn, H. C. Mathias, S. Aeschlimann, M. TI Time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with optimized high-harmonic pulses using frequency-doubled Ti:Sapphire lasers SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE Time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy; Extreme-ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy; Femtosecond dynamics; Two-photon photoemission; Time-resolved ARPES ID CHARGE-DENSITY-WAVE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; NONLINEAR OPTICS; X-RAYS; SURFACE; GENERATION; SOFT; IONIZATION; DYNAMICS; IONS AB Time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (trARPES) using femtosecond extreme ultraviolet high harmonics has recently emerged as a powerful tool for investigating ultrafast quasiparticle dynamics in correlated-electron materials. However, the full potential of this approach has not yet been achieved because, to date, high harmonics generated by 800 nm wavelength Ti:Sapphire lasers required a trade-off between photon flux, energy and time resolution. Photoemission spectroscopy requires a quasi-monochromatic output, but dispersive optical elements that select a single harmonic can significantly reduce the photon flux and time resolution. Here we show that 400 nm driven high harmonic extreme-ultraviolet trARPES is superior to using 800 nm laser drivers since it eliminates the need for any spectral selection, thereby increasing photon flux and energy resolution to <150 meV while preserving excellent time resolution of about 30 fs. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Eich, S.; Urbancic, J.; Wiesenmayer, M.; Ruffing, A.; Jakobs, S.; Mathias, S.; Aeschlimann, M.] Univ Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Eich, S.; Urbancic, J.; Wiesenmayer, M.; Ruffing, A.; Jakobs, S.; Mathias, S.; Aeschlimann, M.] Res Ctr OPTIMAS, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Stange, A.; Jansen, K.; Rohwer, T.; Hellmann, S.; Kipp, L.; Rossnagel, K.; Bauer, M.] Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Appl Phys, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. [Carr, A. V.; Popmintchev, T.; Chen, C.; Matyba, P.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.; Mathias, S.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Carr, A. V.; Popmintchev, T.; Chen, C.; Matyba, P.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.; Mathias, S.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Mathias, S (reprint author), Univ Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. EM smathias@physik.uni-kl.de RI Rossnagel, Kai/F-8822-2011; Popmintchev, Tenio/B-6715-2008; Aeschlimann, Martin/D-7141-2011; Mathias, Stefan/I-4679-2012; Bauer, Michael/G-5111-2016 OI Rossnagel, Kai/0000-0001-5107-0090; Popmintchev, Tenio/0000-0002-2023-2226; Aeschlimann, Martin/0000-0003-3413-5029; Bauer, Michael/0000-0002-4391-9899 FU German Science Foundation through Transregio [SFB TR49, DFG-BA 2177/9-1]; NSF Physics Frontiers Centers; Excellence Initiative [DFG/GSC 266]; Swedish Research Council FX A.R., S.M., M.A. acknowledge support from the German Science Foundation through Transregio SFB TR49. M.M., H.K., A.C., P.M. acknowledge support for this work from the NSF Physics Frontiers Centers. L.K., KR., and M.B. acknowledge support from the German Science Foundation through grant DFG-BA 2177/9-1. S.J. is a recipient of a fellowship through the Excellence Initiative (DFG/GSC 266). P.M. acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsradet). NR 56 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 9 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 EI 1873-2526 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 195 BP 231 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2014.04.013 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA AQ5TZ UT WOS:000342872800033 ER PT J AU Main, JA AF Main, Joseph A. TI Composite Floor Systems under Column Loss: Collapse Resistance and Tie Force Requirements SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Buildings; Connections; Composite materials; Finite-element method; Floors; Nonlinear analysis; Progressive collapse; Steel structures; Analysis and computation ID PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE; CONCRETE; ROBUSTNESS; DESIGN AB This paper presents a computational assessment of the performance of steel gravity framing systems with single-plate shear connections and composite floor slabs under column loss scenarios. The computational assessment uses a reduced modeling approach, while comparisons with detailed model results are presented to establish confidence in the reduced models. The reduced modeling approach enables large multibay systems to be analyzed much more efficiently than the detailed modeling approaches used in previous studies. Both quasistatic and sudden column loss scenarios are considered, and an energy-based approximate procedure for analysis of sudden column loss is adopted after verification through comparisons with direct dynamic analyses, further enhancing the efficiency of the reduced modeling approach. Reduced models are used to investigate the influence of factors such as span length, slab continuity, and the mode of connection failure on the collapse resistance of gravity frame systems. The adequacy of current structural integrity requirements is also assessed, and based on the computational results a new relationship is proposed between the uniform load intensity and the tie forces required for collapse prevention. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Main, JA (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.main@nist.gov NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 13 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 EI 1943-541X J9 J STRUCT ENG JI J. Struct. Eng. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 140 IS 8 SI SI DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000952 PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA AQ5FZ UT WOS:000342833600019 ER PT J AU Rice, DD Sojka, JJ Eccles, JV Redmon, R Hunsucker, RD AF Rice, D. D. Sojka, J. J. Eccles, J. V. Redmon, R. Hunsucker, R. D. TI Characterizing the pre-Space Age ionosphere over Washington, DC SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE long-term trends; ionogram inversion; electron density profile; historical analysis ID SPORADIC-E; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; TRENDS; MODEL; IONOSONDE AB The study of long-term changes requires researchers to identify relevant historical measurements; quantifying and quality controlling these measurements becomes central to their utilization by broader communities. This pilot study reports on the evaluation of ionograms and their inversion from the decade prior to the Space Age. The ionograms were recorded on 35mm film reels and archived at the National Geophysical Data Center World Data Center A in Boulder, Colorado. For this study, ionogram film from one of the earliest operational sites in North America, Fort Belvoir (near Washington, DC), is analyzed. This analysis generates two distinct products: a digital ionogram with virtual height and frequency coordinate registration, and scaled values including an electron density profile. Validation of the ionogram registration and its resolution are described. The scaling and inversion processing, including uncertainties for the parameters and quality assessment, are explained. This study demonstrates how the archived film ionograms can have extensive value as historic measurements of the ionosphere once they are digitized and coordinate registered. Furthermore, modern analysis of the ionograms shows that a complete bottomside ionospheric specification may be obtained at better time resolution than is typically available from original scaled data. This research has set the stage for an effective recovery of ionospheric information for almost a full solar cycle prior to International Geophysical Year. In addition, between Fort Belvoir and Wallops Island archives, an East Coast midlatitude ionospheric data set can be generated from the late 1940s through the present. C1 [Rice, D. D.; Sojka, J. J.; Eccles, J. V.] Space Environm Corp, Providence, UT 84332 USA. [Redmon, R.; Hunsucker, R. D.] NOAA, NGDC, Boulder, CO USA. RP Rice, DD (reprint author), Space Environm Corp, Providence, UT 84332 USA. EM rice@spacenv.com FU NSF [AGS-1041939]; AFRL SBIR [FA8718-04-C-0002] FX Scanned ionograms are available from http://ngdc.noaa.gov/ionosonde/data/WA938/monthly/, and the analyzed data products used in this paper are available through http://www.spacenv.com/esir/historic/index.html We wish to acknowledge the support of NSF AGS-1041939 and original ESIR development support through AFRL SBIR FA8718-04-C-0002. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 49 IS 8 BP 616 EP 629 DI 10.1002/2014RS005427 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA AQ5DF UT WOS:000342824800004 ER PT J AU Grapes, MD LaGrange, T Friedman, LH Reed, BW Campbell, GH Weihs, TP LaVan, DA AF Grapes, Michael D. LaGrange, Thomas Friedman, Lawrence H. Reed, Bryan W. Campbell, Geoffrey H. Weihs, Timothy P. LaVan, David A. TI Combining nanocalorimetry and dynamic transmission electron microscopy for in situ characterization of materials processes under rapid heating and cooling SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; ULTRATHIN FILMS; ALLOY; PURE; DTEM AB Nanocalorimetry is a chip-based thermal analysis technique capable of analyzing endothermic and exothermic reactions at very high heating and cooling rates. Here, we couple a nanocalorimeter with an extremely fast in situ microstructural characterization tool to identify the physical origin of rapid enthalpic signals. More specifically, we describe the development of a system to enable in situ nanocalorimetry experiments in the dynamic transmission electron microscope (DTEM), a time-resolved TEM capable of generating images and electron diffraction patterns with exposure times of 30 ns-500 ns. The full experimental system consists of a modified nanocalorimeter sensor, a custom-built in situ nanocalorimetry holder, a data acquisition system, and the DTEM itself, and is capable of thermodynamic and microstructural characterization of reactions over a range of heating rates (102 K/s-105 K/s) accessible by conventional (DC) nanocalorimetry. To establish its ability to capture synchronized calorimetric and microstructural data during rapid transformations, this work describes measurements on the melting of an aluminum thin film. We were able to identify the phase transformation in both the nanocalorimetry traces and in electron diffraction patterns taken by the DTEM. Potential applications for the newly developed system are described and future system improvements are discussed. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Grapes, Michael D.; Weihs, Timothy P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Grapes, Michael D.; Friedman, Lawrence H.; LaVan, David A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [LaGrange, Thomas; Reed, Bryan W.; Campbell, Geoffrey H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Grapes, MD (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM mgrapes1@jhu.edu; weihs@jhu.edu; david.lavan@nist.gov RI Weihs, Timothy/A-3313-2010; Friedman, Lawrence/G-5650-2011 OI Friedman, Lawrence/0000-0003-2416-9903 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [70NANB9H9146]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-1308966]; (U.S.) Department of Energy (DOE) by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [FWP SCW0974] FX The authors are grateful to Chris Amigo for design guidance and machining of the holder and to Bernadette Cannon for her help calibrating nanocalorimeter sensors during her time as a NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) student. M. D. G. and T. P. W. were supported in part by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Grant No. 70NANB9H9146 and in part by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant No. DMR-1308966. Nanocalorimeter fabrication was performed at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. The work presented in this article conducted at the LLNL DTEM facility was performed under the auspices of the (U.S.) Department of Energy (DOE) by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. The DTEM experiments conducted at LLNL and effort of T. L., B. W. R., and G. H. C. were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering under FWP SCW0974. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this document. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the products identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. Since the completion of this work, T. L. and B. W. R. have become employees at Integrated Dynamic Electron Solutions, Inc., a startup company marketing time-resolved electron microscope technology. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 37 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 85 IS 8 AR 084902 DI 10.1063/1.4892537 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AQ6IH UT WOS:000342913500060 PM 25173298 ER PT J AU Gilbert, DA Liao, JW Wang, LW Lau, JW Klemmer, TJ Thiele, JU Lai, CH Liu, K AF Gilbert, Dustin A. Liao, Jung-Wei Wang, Liang-Wei Lau, June W. Klemmer, Timothy J. Thiele, Jan-Ulrich Lai, Chih-Huang Liu, Kai TI Probing the A1 to L1(0) transformation in FeCuPt using the first order reversal curve method SO APL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID BIT-PATTERNED MEDIA; FEPT NANOPARTICLES; FILMS; GROWTH; ARRAYS AB The A1-L1(0) phase transformation has been investigated in (001) FeCuPt thin films prepared by atomic-scale multilayer sputtering and rapid thermal annealing (RTA). Traditional x-ray diffraction is not always applicable in generating a true order parameter, due to non-ideal crystallinity of the A1 phase. Using the first-order reversal curve (FORC) method, the A1 and L1(0) phases are deconvoluted into two distinct features in the FORC distribution, whose relative intensities change with the RTA temperature. The L1(0) ordering takes place via a nucleation-and-growth mode. A magnetization-based phase fraction is extracted, providing a quantitative measure of the L1(0) phase homogeneity. (C) 2014 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Gilbert, Dustin A.; Liu, Kai] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Liao, Jung-Wei; Wang, Liang-Wei; Lai, Chih-Huang] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Lau, June W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Klemmer, Timothy J.; Thiele, Jan-Ulrich] Seagate Technol, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. RP Gilbert, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Gilbert, Dustin/G-1683-2011; Liu, Kai/B-1163-2008 OI Gilbert, Dustin/0000-0003-3747-3883; Liu, Kai/0000-0001-9413-6782 FU NSF [DMR-1008791]; Hsinchu Science Park of Republic of China [101A16] FX This work has been supported by the NSF (Grant No. DMR-1008791). Work at NTHU has been supported in part by the Hsinchu Science Park of Republic of China under Grant No. 101A16. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2166-532X J9 APL MATER JI APL Mater. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 2 IS 8 AR 086106 DI 10.1063/1.4894197 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AQ1UM UT WOS:000342567700024 ER PT J AU Fleagle, RG AF Fleagle, Robert G. TI EYEWITNESS EVOLUTION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Fleagle, Robert G.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fleagle, Robert G.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Fleagle, Robert G.] UW Dept Atmospher Sci, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 95 IS 8 BP 1170 EP 1170 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ1PD UT WOS:000342552400004 ER PT J AU Moum, JN de Szoeke, SP Smyth, WD Edson, JB DeWitt, HL Moulin, AJ Thompson, EJ Zappa, CJ Rutledge, SA Johnson, RH Fairall, CW AF Moum, James N. de Szoeke, Simon P. Smyth, William D. Edson, James B. DeWitt, H. Langley Moulin, Aurelie J. Thompson, Elizabeth J. Zappa, Christopher J. Rutledge, Steven A. Johnson, Richard H. Fairall, Christopher W. TI AIR-SEA INTERACTIONS FROM WESTERLY WIND BURSTS DURING THE NOVEMBER 2011 MJO IN THE INDIAN OCEAN SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; RADAR; WAVE; PACIFIC; LAYER; PRECIPITATION; AEROSOLS; NUCLEUS; GROWTH C1 [Moum, James N.; de Szoeke, Simon P.; Smyth, William D.; Moulin, Aurelie J.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Edson, James B.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [DeWitt, H. Langley] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Thompson, Elizabeth J.; Rutledge, Steven A.; Johnson, Richard H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Zappa, Christopher J.] Columbia Univ, Ocean & Climate Phys Div, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Fairall, Christopher W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Moum, JN (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM moum@coas.oregonstate.edu FU Office of Naval Research; National Science Foundation; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX This work was funded through strongly cooperative interagency contributions from the Office of Naval Research, the National Science Foundation, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. We would like to acknowledge the significant leadership contributed by Prof. Chidong Zhang to the broader DYNAMO project. NR 34 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 95 IS 8 BP 1185 EP 1199 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00225.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ1PD UT WOS:000342552400007 ER PT J AU Brettschneider, B Trypaluk, C AF Brettschneider, Brian Trypaluk, Carl TI REEXAMINATION OF THE ALASKA I-DAY RECORD RAINFALL SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-ASSURANCE; TEMPERATURE; NETWORK; PRECIPITATION; DATABASE C1 [Brettschneider, Brian] Borealis Sci LLC, Anchorage, AK 99507 USA. [Trypaluk, Carl] NOAA, Hydrometeorol Design Studies Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Trypaluk, Carl] Univ Corp Atmospheric Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Brettschneider, B (reprint author), Borealis Sci LLC, 4801 Pavalof St, Anchorage, AK 99507 USA. EM bbrettschneider@borealisscientific.com NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 95 IS 8 BP 1249 EP 1256 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00027.I PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ1PD UT WOS:000342552400013 ER PT J AU Baker, ET Hemond, C Briais, A Maia, M Scheirer, DS Walker, SL Wang, TT Chen, YJ AF Baker, Edward T. Hemond, Christophe Briais, Anne Maia, Marcia Scheirer, Daniel S. Walker, Sharon L. Wang, Tingting Chen, Yongshun John TI Correlated patterns in hydrothermal plume distribution and apparent magmatic budget along 2500 km of the Southeast Indian Ridge SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE hydrothermal activity; plume incidence; magmatic budget; Southeast Indian Ridge; mid-ocean ridge; mantle hot spot ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; DE-FUCA RIDGE; ICELAND MANTLE PLUME; ST PAUL HOTSPOT; SPREADING CENTER; CRUSTAL ACCRETION; REYKJANES RIDGE; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; AMSTERDAM; HELIUM AB Multiple geological processes affect the distribution of hydrothermal venting along a mid-ocean ridge. Deciphering the role of a specific process is often frustrated by simultaneous changes in other influences. Here we take advantage of the almost constant spreading rate (65-71 mm/yr) along 2500 km of the Southeast Indian Ridge (SEIR) between 77 degrees E and 99 degrees E to examine the spatial density of hydrothermal venting relative to regional and segment-scale changes in the apparent magmatic budget. We use 227 vertical profiles of light backscatter and (on 41 profiles) oxidation-reduction potential along 27 first and second-order ridge segments on and adjacent to the Amsterdam-St. Paul (ASP) Plateau to map p(h), the fraction of casts detecting a plume. At the regional scale, venting on the five segments crossing the magma-thickened hot spot plateau is almost entirely suppressed (p(h)=0.02). Conversely, the combined p(h) (0.34) from all other segments follows the global trend of p(h) versus spreading rate. Off the ASP Plateau, multisegment trends in p(h) track trends in the regional axial depth, high where regional depth increases and low where it decreases. At the individual segment scale, a robust correlation between p(h) and cross-axis inflation for first-order segments shows that different magmatic budgets among first-order segments are expressed as different levels of hydrothermal spatial density. This correlation is absent among second-order segments. Eighty-five percent of the plumes occur in eight clusters totaling approximate to 350 km. We hypothesize that these clusters are a minimum estimate of the length of axial melt lenses underlying this section of the SEIR. C1 [Baker, Edward T.; Walker, Sharon L.] NOAA Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Hemond, Christophe; Maia, Marcia] Univ Brest, CNRS UBO, Lab Domaines Ocean, Plouzane, France. [Briais, Anne] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, Geosci & Environm Toulouse, Toulouse, France. [Scheirer, Daniel S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wang, Tingting; Chen, Yongshun John] Peking Univ, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Baker, ET (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean PMEL, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM edward.baker@noaa.gov FU NSF [OCE-9505667]; NOAA Vents (now Earth-Ocean Interactions) Program; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148]; IPEV through the "Flotte Oceanographique Francaise"; CNRS-INSU through the "Campagnes a la mer" program FX J. Hein, R. Haymon, and two anonymous reviewers provided comments. We thank the Masters and crews of RV "Marion Dufresne II" and the engineers of IPEV for help during the GEISEIR I and II cruises and M. Clog for operating MAPRs during GEISEIR I. The GEISEIR project and cruise was funded by IPEV through the "Flotte Oceanographique Francaise" and by CNRS-INSU through the "Campagnes a la mer" program. The 1996 cruise and subsequent work was funded by NSF grant OCE-9505667. Additional funding was supplied by the NOAA Vents (now Earth-Ocean Interactions) Program and the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148. PMEL contribution 4133, JISAO contribution 2207. Data for axial depth and location, the cross-axis inflation, the mantle Bouguer anomaly of the Southeastern Indian Ridge in our study area, and MAPR profile locations and statistics for plume spatial density in each segment can be found in Tables S1-S3 in the supporting information. MAPR profiles are available from PMEL by request to ETB or SLW. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 15 IS 8 BP 3198 EP 3211 DI 10.1002/2014GC005344 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AQ3KY UT WOS:000342693400007 ER PT J AU Matsumoto, H Bohnenstiehl, DR Tournadre, J Dziak, RP Haxel, JH Lau, TKA Fowler, M Salo, SA AF Matsumoto, Haru Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. Tournadre, Jean Dziak, Robert P. Haxel, Joseph H. Lau, T. -K. A. Fowler, Matt Salo, Sigrid A. TI Antarctic icebergs: A significant natural ocean sound source in the Southern Hemisphere SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Antarctica; iceberg; ocean noise; seasonality; trend ID INDIAN-OCEAN; PACIFIC-OCEAN; NOISE; INCREASES; TRENDS; WEST AB In late 2007, two massive icebergs, C19a and B15a, drifted into open water and slowly disintegrated in the southernmost Pacific Ocean. Archived acoustic records show that the high-intensity underwater sounds accompanying this breakup increased ocean noise levels at mid-to-equatorial latitudes over a period of approximate to 1.5 years. More typically, seasonal variations in ocean noise, which are characterized by austral summer-highs and winter-lows, appear to be modulated by the annual cycle of Antarctic iceberg drift and subsequent disintegration. This seasonal pattern is observed in all three Oceans of the Southern Hemisphere. The life cycle of Antarctic icebergs affects not only marine ecosystem but also the sound environment in far-reaching areas and must be accounted for in any effort to isolate anthropogenic or climate-induced noise contributions to the ocean soundscape. C1 [Matsumoto, Haru; Dziak, Robert P.; Haxel, Joseph H.; Lau, T. -K. A.; Fowler, Matt] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Matsumoto, Haru; Dziak, Robert P.; Haxel, Joseph H.; Lau, T. -K. A.; Fowler, Matt; Salo, Sigrid A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Acoust Program, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Tournadre, Jean] IFREMER, Lab Oceanog Spatiale, Plousane, France. RP Matsumoto, H (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM haru.matsumoto@oregonstate.edu RI tournadre, jean/F-8402-2010 OI tournadre, jean/0000-0003-1159-4388 FU NOAA, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Acoustics Program; Department of Energy [DE-A152-08NA28654] FX This work was supported by the NOAA, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Acoustics Program and the Department of Energy (Contract number: DE-A152-08NA28654). The authors thank the CTBTO for providing hydroacoustic data and the Air Force Technical Applications Center and U.S. National Data Center for their assistance in obtaining the IMS data, and Brigham Young University Center for Remote Sensing for providing the QuickSCAT iceberg tracking data. We are grateful to the crew of the R/V Ka'imimoana and Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere group for many deployments and recoveries for AUHs. We also owe thanks to C. G. Fox who led the EEP AUH project in its early stage. PMEL contribution number 4159. We are also appreciative of discussion with M. Park and W. Lee at Korea Polar Research Institute on ice noise. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 15 IS 8 BP 3448 EP 3458 DI 10.1002/2014GC005454 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AQ3KY UT WOS:000342693400020 ER PT J AU Li, YN Peng, SQ Wang, J Yan, J AF Li, Yineng Peng, Shiqiu Wang, Jia Yan, Jing TI Impacts of nonbreaking wave-stirring-induced mixing on the upper ocean thermal structure and typhoon intensity in the South China Sea SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; DATA ASSIMILATION ANALYSIS; WINTER ARCTIC-OSCILLATION; SURFACE-WAVES; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONTROL; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MIXED-LAYER; WIND SPEEDS; MODEL; TURBULENCE AB To investigate the effect of nonbreaking wave-induced mixing caused by surface wave stirring on the upper ocean thermal structure (UOTS) and the typhoon intensity, a simple nonbreaking wave-stirring-induced mixing parameterization (WMP) scheme is incorporated into a regional coupled atmosphere-ocean model for the South China Sea (SCS), which couples the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) to the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model using the OASIS3 coupler. The results of simulating two selected typhoon cases indicate that the nonbreaking wave-stirring-induced mixing has significant impacts on UOTS and the typhoon intensity, and the incorporation of the simple WMP scheme in the coupled model helps to improve the simulation of UOTS and thus the typhoon intensity. In the case that the typhoon intensity is underestimated by the atmosphere model alone, the improvement of initial UOTS by the ocean model with the WMP included can deepen the initial thermocline depth, reduce the effect of SST cooling, and prevent the typhoon intensity from undesired weakening. In the case that the typhoon intensity is overestimated (with strong winds), including the WMP in the ocean model significantly enhances the total vertical mixing rate in the upper ocean, which in turn enhances the SST cooling and thus reduces the typhoon intensity as desired. The results obtained in this study make a contribution to the ongoing efforts of improving the typhoon intensity forecast using a regional atmosphere-ocean coupled model by worldwide researchers and forecasters, especially for the typhoons in the SCS regions. C1 [Li, Yineng; Peng, Shiqiu; Yan, Jing] Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Wang, Jia] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Peng, SQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM speng@scsio.ac.cn FU Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (MOST) [2011CB403505, 2014CB953904]; Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA11010304]; Innovation Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-EW-208]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41306013, 41376021, 41205032]; Youth Frontier Science Project of the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology [SQ200914]; Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [SQ201305]; NOAA RUSALCA project FX This work was jointly supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (MOST) (2011CB403505, 2014CB953904), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA11010304), the Innovation Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-EW-208), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41306013, 41376021, 41205032), the Youth Frontier Science Project of the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology (SQ200914), the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SQ201305), and NOAA RUSALCA project to J.W. We thank Cathy Darnell of NOAA GLERL for editing this paper. This is GLERL contribution No. 1721. We gratefully acknowledge the use of the HPCC for all numeric simulations at the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and also thank Dr. John Bratton of NOAA GLERL for drafting Figure 15. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG PY 2014 VL 119 IS 8 BP 5052 EP 5070 DI 10.1002/2014JC009956 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AQ1CR UT WOS:000342519500020 ER PT J AU Wahr, J Smeed, DA Leuliette, E Swenson, S AF Wahr, John Smeed, David A. Leuliette, Eric Swenson, Sean TI Seasonal variability of the Red Sea, from satellite gravity, radar altimetry, and in situ observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID TIME-VARIABLE GRAVITY; GRACE MEASUREMENTS; SYSTEM; EARTH; WIND AB Seasonal variations of sea surface height (SSH) and mass within the Red Sea are caused mostly by exchange of heat with the atmosphere and by flow through the strait opening into the Gulf of Aden to the south. That flow involves a net mass transfer into the Red Sea during fall and out during spring, though in summer there is an influx of cool water at intermediate depths. Thus, summer water in the south is warmer near the surface due to higher air temperatures, but cooler at intermediate depths. Summer water in the north experiences warming by air-sea exchange only. The temperature affects water density, which impacts SSH but has no effect on mass. We study this seasonal cycle by combining GRACE mass estimates, altimeter SSH measurements, and steric contributions derived from the World Ocean Atlas temperature climatology. Among our conclusions are: mass contributions are much larger than steric contributions; the mass is largest in winter, consistent with winds pushing water into the Red Sea in fall and out during spring; the steric signal is largest in summer, consistent with surface warming; and the cool, intermediate-depth water flowing into the Red Sea in spring has little impact on the steric signal, because contributions from the lowered temperature are offset by effects of decreased salinity. The results suggest that the combined use of altimeter and GRACE measurements can provide a useful alternative to in situ data for monitoring the steric signal. C1 [Wahr, John] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wahr, John] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Environm Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Smeed, David A.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. [Leuliette, Eric] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, College Pk, MD USA. [Swenson, Sean] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Wahr, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM wahr@lemond.colorado.edu RI Leuliette, Eric/D-1527-2010 OI Leuliette, Eric/0000-0002-3425-4039 FU NASA GRACE funding; NASA MEaSUREs Program FX We thank Geruo A for providing GIA GRACE corrections, and two reviewers for their comments. This project was supported by NASA GRACE funding, and by the NASA MEaSUREs Program. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and should not be construed as an official statement of NOAA policy, decision, or position. The GRACE, altimeter, and WOA09 data are available at http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/grace, http://rads.tudelft.nl/, and http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/WOA09/pr_woa09.html, respectively. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG PY 2014 VL 119 IS 8 BP 5091 EP 5104 DI 10.1002/2014JC010161 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AQ1CR UT WOS:000342519500022 ER PT J AU Heavens, NG Johnson, MS Abdou, WA Kass, DM Kleinbohl, A McCleese, DJ Shirley, JH Wilson, RJ AF Heavens, Nicholas G. Johnson, Morgan S. Abdou, Wedad A. Kass, David M. Kleinboehl, Armin McCleese, Daniel J. Shirley, James H. Wilson, R. John TI Seasonal and diurnal variability of detached dust layers in the tropical Martian atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ORBITER CAMERA OBSERVATIONS; WATER-ICE CLOUDS; MARS; CRYSTALS; AGGREGATION; SIMULATION; STORMS; CYCLE; OCCULTATIONS AB Evidence for widespread nonuniform vertical mixing of dust in Mars's tropical atmosphere (in the form of features called "detached dust layers" or DDLs) is a challenge for atmospheric modeling. We characterize the seasonal, diurnal, and geographic variability of DDL activity in retrievals from observations by the Mars Climate Sounder onboard Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. We find that dust injection above the boundary layer, which forms DDLs, is a spatially ubiquitous phenomenon in the tropics during the daytime, implying that it has a significant nontopographic component. DDL formation is more intense in northern spring and summer than in southern spring and summer but is still common when the zonal average dust distribution appears uniformly mixed. DDLs do not appear to follow the upwelling associated with Mars's Hadley circulation or the extant climatology of local dust storm activity in the tropics. Geographic variability in the nightside vertical dust distribution does not always correlate with the dayside vertical dust distribution, implying that there is spatial and seasonal variability in the efficiency of dust deposition/removal processes. Nighttime dust removal is especially efficient over the Tharsis Montes during northern spring and summer, which suggests some association between water ice clouds and removal. Intense injection combined with efficient removal results in a high amplitude of diurnal variability in the dust distribution at 15-30 km above the surface of the tropics during much of the Martian year. C1 [Heavens, Nicholas G.] Hampton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Johnson, Morgan S.] Rochester Inst Technol, Sch Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Abdou, Wedad A.; Kass, David M.; Kleinboehl, Armin; McCleese, Daniel J.; Shirley, James H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA USA. [Wilson, R. John] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Heavens, NG (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. EM nicholas.heavens@hamptonu.edu OI Heavens, Nicholas/0000-0001-7654-503X FU NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology [1471216] FX N.G. Heavens and M. S. Johnson acknowledge support from the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (subcontract 1471216). M. S. Johnson was hosted at Hampton University as part of the CREST Undergraduate Research Experience program. We thank Aymeric Spiga and an anonymous reviewer for their thorough reviews, which significantly improved this paper. All MRO-MCS data used to produce the results of this paper are freely available from NASA's Planetary Data System. Any analytical code is available from the first author by request. NOAA GFDL Mars model output is available from author Wilson by request. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD AUG PY 2014 VL 119 IS 8 BP 1748 EP 1774 DI 10.1002/2014JE004619 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AQ0ZA UT WOS:000342510000002 ER PT J AU Gaxiola-Robles, R Labrada-Martagon, V de la Rosa, ADC Acosta-Vargas, B Mendez-Rodriguez, LC Zenteno-Savin, T AF Gaxiola-Robles, Ramon Labrada-Martagon, Vanessa de Jesus Celis de la Rosa, Alfredo Acosta-Vargas, Baudilio Celina Mendez-Rodriguez, Lia Zenteno-Savin, Tania TI Interaction between mercury (Hg), arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) affects the activity of glutathione S-transferase in breast milk; possible relationship with fish and shellfish intake SO NUTRICION HOSPITALARIA LA English DT Article DE Breast milk; Generalized linear model; Glutatione S-transferase; Oxidative stress; Trace elements ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; DRINKING-WATER; TRACE-ELEMENTS; MEXICO; EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; WOMEN; METHYLMERCURY; TOXICITY AB Breast milk is regarded as an ideal source of nutrients for the growth and development of neonates, but it can also be a potential source of pollutants. Mothers can be exposed to different contaminants as a result of their lifestyle and environmental pollution. Mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) could adversely affect the development of fetal and neonatal nervous system. Some fish and shellfish are rich in selenium (Se), an essential trace element that forms part of several enzymes related to the detoxification process, including glutathione S-transferase (GST). The goal of this study was to determine the interaction between Hg, As and Se and analyze its effect on the activity of GST in breast milk. Milk samples were collected from women between day 7 and 10 postpartum. The GST activity was determined spectrophotometrically; total Hg, As and Se concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. To explain the possible association of Hg, As and Se concentrations with GST activity in breast milk, generalized linear models were constructed. The model explained 44% of the GST activity measured in breast milk. The GLM suggests that GST activity was positively correlated with Hg, As and Se concentrations. The activity of the enzyme was also explained by the frequency of consumption of marine fish and shellfish in the diet of the breastfeeding women. C1 [Gaxiola-Robles, Ramon; Labrada-Martagon, Vanessa; Acosta-Vargas, Baudilio; Celina Mendez-Rodriguez, Lia; Zenteno-Savin, Tania] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste SC, La Paz, Baja California, Mexico. [Gaxiola-Robles, Ramon] Inst Mexicano Segura Social, Hosp Gen Zona 1, La Paz, Baja California, Mexico. [Labrada-Martagon, Vanessa] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr,NOAA, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [de Jesus Celis de la Rosa, Alfredo] Univ Guadalajara, Ctr Univ Ciencias Salud, Dept Salud Publ, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico. [Celina Mendez-Rodriguez, Lia] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mendez-Rodriguez, LC (reprint author), Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste SC, Av Inst Politecn Nacl Mar Bermejo 195, La Paz, Bcs, Mexico. EM lmendez04@cibnor.mx FU CONACYT-Salud [2010-C01-140272]; CONACyT [203952]; CIBNOR [PC2.0, PC0.10, PC0.5] FX Authors express their appreciation for the technical assistance of O Lugo-Lugo, NO Olguin-Monroy, and students at the Oxidative Stress Laboratory (CIBNOR) in sample processing. This project was funded by grants from CONACYT-Salud (2010-C01-140272), sabbatical grant CONACyT (203952) and CIBNOR (PC2.0, PC0.10, PC0.5). NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 28 PU AULA MEDICA EDICIONES PI MADRID PA C/ISABEL COLBRAND, 10-12 NAVE 78 S PLANTA CIUDAD INDUSTRIAL VENECIA-EDIFICIO ALFA, MADRID, 28050, SPAIN SN 0212-1611 J9 NUTR HOSP JI Nutr. Hosp. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 30 IS 2 BP 436 EP 446 DI 10.3305/nh.2014.30.2.7441 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA AP7QW UT WOS:000342272800028 PM 25208800 ER PT J AU Dauler, EA Grein, ME Kerman, AJ Marsili, F Miki, S Nam, SW Shaw, MD Terai, H Verma, VB Yamashita, T AF Dauler, Eric A. Grein, Matthew E. Kerman, Andrew J. Marsili, Francesco Miki, Shigehito Nam, Sae Woo Shaw, Matthew D. Terai, Hirotaka Verma, Varun B. Yamashita, Taro TI Review of superconducting nanowire single-photon detector system design options and demonstrated performance SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Review DE photodetectors; detector arrays; quantum efficiency; optoelectronic packaging ID GIFFORD-MCMAHON CRYOCOOLER; EFFICIENCY; ARRAY AB We describe a number of methods that have been pursued to develop superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) with attractive overall performance, including three systems that operate with >70% system detection efficiency and high maximum counting rates at wavelengths near 1550 nm. The advantages and tradeoffs of various approaches to efficient optical coupling, electrical readout, and SNSPD design are described and contrasted. Optical interfaces to the detectors have been based on fiber coupling, either directly to the detector or through the substrate, using both single-mode and multimode fibers with different approaches to alignment. Recent advances in electrical interfaces have focused on the challenges of scalability and ensuring stable detector operation at high count rates. Prospects for further advances in these and other methods are also described, which may enable larger arrays and higher-performance SNSPD systems in the future. Finally, the use of some of these techniques to develop fully packaged SNSPD systems will be described and the performance available from these recently developed systems will be reviewed. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. C1 [Dauler, Eric A.; Grein, Matthew E.; Kerman, Andrew J.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. [Marsili, Francesco; Shaw, Matthew D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Miki, Shigehito; Terai, Hirotaka; Yamashita, Taro] Natl Inst Informat & Communicat Technol, Kobe Adv Res Ctr, Nishi Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6512492, Japan. [Nam, Sae Woo; Verma, Varun B.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Dauler, EA (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. EM edauler@LL.mit.edu FU Defense for Research and Engineering under Air Force Contract [FA8721-05-C-0002] FX The MIT Lincoln Laboratory portion of this work is sponsored by the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering under Air Force Contract FA8721-05-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author and are not necessarily endorsed by the U.S. government. Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 6 U2 41 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 53 IS 8 AR 081907 DI 10.1117/1.OE.53.8.081907 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA AO2YT UT WOS:000341195300009 ER PT J AU Ye, Y Ci, S Lin, N Qian, Y AF Ye, Yun Ci, Song Lin, Ni Qian, Yi TI CROSS-LAYER DESIGN FOR DELAY- AND ENERGY-CONSTRAINED MULTIMEDIA DELIVERY IN MOBILE TERMINALS SO IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article AB Multimedia delivery in mobile terminals has been a central topic in developing energy-efficient mobile multimedia computing systems. The major challenge remains how to achieve optimal consumption of the limited battery capacity and time budget for a given amount of tasks, yielding maximum quality-per-energy-unit performance. A system-level cross-layer design is key to QoS-oriented energy utilization. In this article, we investigate the RED relation in the individual data processing and transmission components in the mobile terminal, and in the embedded system as a whole. The energy consumption trade-off between computation and communication is analyzed. We introduce power management schemes for the computation and communication stages of the multimedia delivery process. The configurable parameters in this process that could impact the system performance are discussed. We demonstrate our energy measurement testbed for monitoring the battery status under different parameter configurations of the embedded system. The collected data are provided for energy consumption modeling used to direct the system configuration procedure. We present a cross-layer design mechanism for the resource constrained multimedia delivery in mobile terminals. Multiple software and hardware related parameters are coordinated to control the data processing and transmission for better energy and time budget utilization. A case study on the video delivery in the battery-powered IntelMote2 is conducted to validate the efficiency of the proposed cross-layer design. C1 [Qian, Yi] UNL, Dept Comp & Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Qian, Yi] Nortel Networks, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Qian, Yi] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Qian, Yi] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Ye, Y (reprint author), UNL, Dept Comp & Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM yye@huskers.unl.edu; sci@unl.edu; nlin@huskers.unl.edu; yqian@ieee.org FU National Science Foundation (NSF Award) [1145596] FX The authors wish to acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF Award Number 1145596), NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1284 EI 1558-0687 J9 IEEE WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Wirel. Commun. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 21 IS 4 BP 62 EP 69 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA AO8UB UT WOS:000341629400010 ER PT J AU Grandfield, K Chattah, NLT Djomehri, S Eidelmann, N Eichmiller, FC Webb, S Schuck, PJ Nweeia, M Ho, SP AF Grandfield, Kathryn Chattah, Netta Lev-Tov Djomehri, Sabra Eidelmann, Naomi Eichmiller, Frederick C. Webb, Samuel Schuck, P. James Nweeia, Martin Ho, Sunita P. TI The narwhal (Monodon monoceros) cementum-dentin junction: A functionally graded biointerphase SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART H-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Monodon monoceros; narwhal; cementum-dentin junction; biomechanics; functional interface ID AGGRESSIVE TUSK USE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; BIOLOGICAL-MATERIALS; MINERALIZED TISSUES; TOOTH; COLLAGEN; ENAMEL; DEFORMATION AB In nature, an interface between dissimilar tissues is often bridged by a graded zone, and provides functional properties at a whole organ level. A perfect example is a biological interphase between stratified cementum and dentin of a narwhal tooth. This study highlights the graded structural, mechanical, and chemical natural characteristics of a biological interphase known as the cementum-dentin junction layer and their effect in resisting mechanical loads. From a structural perspective, light and electron microscopy techniques illustrated the layer as a wide 1000-2000m graded zone consisting of higher density continuous collagen fiber bundles from the surface of cementum to dentin, that parallels hygroscopic 50-100m wide collagenous region in human teeth. The role of collagen fibers was evident under compression testing during which the layer deformed more compared to cementum and dentin. This behavior is reflected through site-specific nanoindentation indicating a lower elastic modulus of 2.2 +/- 0.5 GPa for collagen fiber bundle compared to 3 +/- 0.4 GPa for mineralized regions in the layer. Similarly, microindentation technique illustrated lower hardness values of 0.36 +/- 0.05 GPa, 0.33 +/- 0.03 GPa, and 0.3 +/- 0.07 GPa for cementum, dentin, and cementum-dentin layer, respectively. Biochemical analyses including Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron-source microprobe X-ray fluorescence demonstrated a graded composition across the interface, including a decrease in mineral-to-matrix and phosphate-to-carbonate ratios, as well as the presence of tidemark-like bands with Zn. Understanding the structure-function relationships of wider tissue interfaces can provide insights into natural tissue and organ function. C1 [Grandfield, Kathryn; Djomehri, Sabra; Ho, Sunita P.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Prevent & Restorat Dent Sci, Div Biomat & Bioengn, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Chattah, Netta Lev-Tov] Israel Natl Police, Div Identificat & Forens Sci, Jerusalem, Israel. [Eidelmann, Naomi] NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Eichmiller, Frederick C.] Delta Dent Wisconsin, Stevens Point, WI USA. [Webb, Samuel] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Schuck, P. James] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nweeia, Martin] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Ho, SP (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Prevent & Restorat Dent Sci, Div Biomat & Bioengn, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM sunita.ho@ucsf.edu RI Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014 FU NIH/NIDCR [R00DE018212]; NIH/NCRR [S10RR026645]; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF; Department of Orofacial Sciences, UCSF; Faculty of Engineering, McMaster University, Canada; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; [NIH/NIDCR-R01DE022032] FX The authors acknowledge funding support from NIH/NIDCR R00DE018212 (SPH), NIH/NIDCR-R01DE022032 (SPH), NIH/NCRR S10RR026645 (SPH) and Departments of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences and Orofacial Sciences, UCSF. K. G. acknowledges financial support from the Faculty of Engineering, McMaster University, Canada. Work at the Molecular Foundry was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 35 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0954-4119 EI 2041-3033 J9 P I MECH ENG H JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part H-J. Eng. Med. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 228 IS 8 BP 754 EP 767 DI 10.1177/0954411914547553 PG 14 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA AP4PA UT WOS:000342058800002 PM 25205746 ER PT J AU Weaver, CP Mooney, S Allen, D Beller-Simms, N Fish, T Grambsch, AE Hohenstein, W Jacobs, K Kenney, MA Lane, MA Langner, L Larson, E McGinnis, DL Moss, RH Nichols, LG Nierenberg, C Seyller, EA Stern, PC Winthrop, R AF Weaver, C. P. Mooney, S. Allen, D. Beller-Simms, N. Fish, T. Grambsch, A. E. Hohenstein, W. Jacobs, K. Kenney, M. A. Lane, M. A. Langner, L. Larson, E. McGinnis, D. L. Moss, R. H. Nichols, L. G. Nierenberg, C. Seyller, E. A. Stern, P. C. Winthrop, R. TI From global change science to action with social sciences SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLIMATE ADAPTATION C1 [Weaver, C. P.; Grambsch, A. E.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Mooney, S.] Boise State Univ, Dept Econ, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Mooney, S.] Natl Sci Fdn, Expt Program Stimulate Competit Res, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Allen, D.; Seyller, E. A.] US Global Change Res Program, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Beller-Simms, N.; Nierenberg, C.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Fish, T.] US Dept Interior, Washington, DC 20240 USA. [Hohenstein, W.] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Jacobs, K.] Univ Arizona, Ctr Climate Adaptat Sci & Solut, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Jacobs, K.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kenney, M. A.] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Lane, M. A.; Stern, P. C.] CNR, Board Environm Change & Soc, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Langner, L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Larson, E.] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [McGinnis, D. L.] Montana State Univ, Billings, MT 59101 USA. [Moss, R. H.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Moss, R. H.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Nichols, L. G.] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Behav & Cognit Sci, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Winthrop, R.] Bureau Land Management, Washington, DC 20003 USA. RP Weaver, CP (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM weaver.chris@epa.gov RI Weaver, Christopher/G-3714-2010 OI Weaver, Christopher/0000-0003-4016-5451 NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 27 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 4 IS 8 BP 656 EP 659 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO7YF UT WOS:000341568200010 ER PT J AU Petes, LE Howard, JF Helmuth, BS Fly, EK AF Petes, Laura E. Howard, Jennifer F. Helmuth, Brian S. Fly, Elizabeth K. TI Science integration into US climate and ocean policy SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CHANGING CLIMATE; NORTH-AMERICA; ATLANTIC; BENEFITS; DROUGHT; ISLANDS; NETWORK; IMPACT AB The pace of environmental change lends urgency to the need for integration of climate considerations into ocean policy and management. A recent rapid expansion of ocean and climate policies provides a timely window of opportunity for the scientific community to inform and support these efforts. Lessons can be learned from successful initiatives, where scientists are working hand-in-hand with decision makers and managers to enhance ocean resilience. Looking ahead, the most pressing decision-needs associated with oceans and climate change should serve to prioritize and drive scientific efforts. C1 [Petes, Laura E.] NOAA, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Howard, Jennifer F.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Helmuth, Brian S.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Marine & Environm Sci, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. [Helmuth, Brian S.] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, Sch Publ Policy & Urban Affairs, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. [Fly, Elizabeth K.] South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. [Fly, Elizabeth K.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Geog, Carolinas Integrated Sci & Assessments, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Petes, LE (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Program Off, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Laura.Petes@noaa.gov OI Helmuth, Brian/0000-0003-0180-3414 NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 4 IS 8 BP 671 EP 677 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE2312 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO7YF UT WOS:000341568200018 ER PT J AU Sansonetti, CJ Nave, G AF Sansonetti, Craig J. Nave, Gillian TI EXTENDED ANALYSIS OF THE SPECTRUM OF SINGLY IONIZED CHROMIUM (Cr II) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atomic data; infrared: general; line: identification; methods: laboratory: atomic; techniques: spectroscopic; ultraviolet: general ID TELESCOPE IMAGING SPECTROGRAPH; ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTRUM; SPACE-TELESCOPE; HOLLOW-CATHODE; ENERGY-LEVELS AB We have made new observations of the spectrum of singly ionized chromium (Cr II) in the region 2850-37900 angstrom with the National Institute of Standards and Technology 2m Fourier transform spectrometer. These data extend our previously reported observations in the near-ultra-violet region. We present a comprehensive list of more than 5300 Cr II lines classified as transitions among 456 even and 457 odd levels, 179 of which are newly located in this work. Using highly excited levels of the 3d(4)(D-5)5g, 3d(4)(D-5)6g, and 3d(4)(D-5)6h configurations, we derive an improved ionization energy of 132971.02 +/- 0.12 cm (1) (16.486305 +/- 0.000015 eV). C1 [Sansonetti, Craig J.; Nave, Gillian] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sansonetti, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNH10AN38I] FX This work was partially supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under interagency agreement NNH10AN38I. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 213 IS 2 AR 28 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/213/2/28 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AP0TM UT WOS:000341777400010 ER PT J AU Charnotskii, MI AF Charnotskii, Mikhail I. TI Optical phase under deep turbulence conditions SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID LASER-BEAM; DISLOCATIONS; PROPAGATION; STATISTICS; WAVE AB The Markov approximation for waves in random media specifies that, under strong scintillation conditions, the optical field of unbounded waves has a normal probability distribution with zero mean. Using the coherence function provided by the Markov approximation, we calculate statistics of the phase of the optical field that accounts for the presence of multiple phase dislocations. We also develop and test a Monte Carlo model that generates the phase samples obeying these statistics. In contrast to numerous phase models described in the literature, this model generates discontinuous phase samples that contain optical vortices. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Charnotskii, Mikhail I.] Zel Technol LLC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Charnotskii, Mikhail I.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Charnotskii, MI (reprint author), Zel Technol LLC, 325 Broadway R PSD 99, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Mikhail.Charnotskii@noaa.gov RI Charnotskii, Mikhail/A-7193-2013 OI Charnotskii, Mikhail/0000-0002-8315-8254 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 EI 1520-8532 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1766 EP 1772 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.31.001766 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA AO8GL UT WOS:000341591600011 PM 25121533 ER PT J AU Delworth, TL Zeng, FR AF Delworth, Thomas L. Zeng, Fanrong TI Regional rainfall decline in Australia attributed to anthropogenic greenhouse gases and ozone levels Latitude SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ANNULAR MODE; VARIABILITY; TRENDS; DRY AB Precipitation in austral autumn and winter has declined over parts of southern and especially southwestern Australia in the past few decades(1-4). According to observations and climate models, at least part of this decline is associated with changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation(1,2,5-14), including a poleward movement of the westerly winds and increasing atmospheric surface pressure over parts of southern Australia. Here we use a high-resolution global climate model to analyse the causes of this rainfall decline. In our simulations, many aspects of the observed regional rainfall decline over southern and southwest Australia are reproduced in response to anthropogenic changes in levels of greenhouse gases and ozone in the atmosphere, whereas anthropogenic aerosols do not contribute to the simulated precipitation decline. Simulations of future climate with this model suggest amplified winter drying over most parts of southern Australia in the coming decades in response to a high-end scenario of changes in radiative forcing. The drying is most pronounced over southwest Australia, with total reductions in austral autumn and winter precipitation of approximately 40% by the late twenty-first century. C1 [Delworth, Thomas L.; Zeng, Fanrong] Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Delworth, TL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM tom.delworth@noaa.gov RI Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014 NR 30 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 37 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 7 IS 8 BP 583 EP 587 DI 10.1038/NGEO2201 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AO8WE UT WOS:000341635100015 ER PT J AU Nam, HG Kim, BG Han, SO Lee, C Lee, SS AF Nam, Hyoung-Gu Kim, Byung-Gon Han, Sang-Ok Lee, Chulkyu Lee, Seoung-Soo TI Characteristics of easterly-induced snowfall in Yeongdong and its relationship to air-sea temperature difference SO ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Snowfall; air-sea temperature difference; instability; East Sea AB Characteristics of snowfall episodes have been investigated for the past ten years in order to study its association with lowlevel stability and air-sea temperature difference over the East Sea. In general, the selected snowfall episodes have similar synoptic setting such as the Siberian High extended to northern Japan along with the Low passing by the southern Korean Peninsula, eventually resulting in the easterly flow in the Yeongdong region. Especially in the heavy snowfall episodes, convective unstable layers have been identified over the East sea due to relatively warm sea surface temperature (SST) about 8 similar to 10A degrees C and specifically cold pool around 1 similar to 2 km above the surface level (ASL), which can be derived from Regional Data Assimilation and Prediction System (RDAPS), but that have not been clearly exhibited in the weak snowfall episodes. The basic mechanism to initiate snowfall around Yeongdong seems to be similar to that of lake-effect snowstorms around Great Lakes in the United States (Kristovich et al., 2003). Difference of equivalent potential temperature (theta (e) ) between 850 hPa and surface as well as difference between air and sea temperatures altogether gradually began to increase in the pre-snowfall period and reached their maximum values in the course of the period, whose air (850 hPa) - sea temperature difference and snowfall intensity in case of the heavy snowfall episodes are almost larger than 20A degrees C and 6 tims greater than the weak snowfall episodes, respectively. Interestingly, snowfall appeared to begin in case of an air-sea temperature difference exceeding over 15A degrees C. The current analysis is overall consistent with the previous finding (Lee et al., 2012) that an instabilityinduced moisture supply to the lower atmosphere from the East sea, being cooled and saturated in the lower layer, so to speak, East Sea-Effect Snowfall (SES), would make a low-level ice cloud which eventually moves inland by the easterly flow. In addition, a longlasting synoptic characteristics and convergence-induced invigoration also appear to play the important roles in the severe snowstorms. Improvements in our understanding of mesoscale sea-effect snowstorms require detailed in-situ and remote sensing observations over and around East Sea since observations of the concurrent thermodynamic and microphysical characteristics have not been available there and this study emphasizes the importance of low level stability as quantitative estimation of moist static energy generation over the East Sea. C1 [Nam, Hyoung-Gu; Kim, Byung-Gon] Gangneung Wonju Natl Univ, Dept Atmospher Environm Sci, Kangnung 210702, Gangwon Do, South Korea. [Han, Sang-Ok] KMA, Natl Inst Meteorol Res, High Impact Weather Res Ctr, Cheju, South Korea. [Lee, Chulkyu] KMA, Natl Inst Meteorol Res, Appl Meteorol Lab, Cheju, South Korea. [Lee, Seoung-Soo] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Kim, BG (reprint author), Gangneung Wonju Natl Univ, Dept Atmospher Environm Sci, 123 Jibyun, Kangnung 210702, Gangwon Do, South Korea. EM bgk@gwnu.ac.kr FU High Impact Weather Research Center [NIMR-2012-B-7]; Advanced Research on Applied Meteorology - National Institute of Meteorological Research (NIMR) of the Korean Meteorological Administration (KMA) FX This study was supported by a Grant (NIMR-2012-B-7) of High Impact Weather Research Center and Advanced Research on Applied Meteorology funded by the National Institute of Meteorological Research (NIMR) of the Korean Meteorological Administration (KMA). NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU KOREAN METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA SHINKIL-DONG 508, SIWON BLDG 704, YONGDUNGPO-GU, SEOUL, 150-050, SOUTH KOREA SN 1976-7633 EI 1976-7951 J9 ASIA-PAC J ATMOS SCI JI Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 50 IS 4 BP 541 EP 552 DI 10.1007/s13143-014-0044-3 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO6FG UT WOS:000341444600012 ER PT J AU Thompson, KA Heppell, SS Thompson, GG AF Thompson, Kevin A. Heppell, Selina S. Thompson, Grant G. TI The effects of temperature and predator densities on the consumption of walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) by three groundfish in the Gulf of Alaska SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FOOD-WEB; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; ATLANTIC COD; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; MULTIMODEL INFERENCE; PREY INTERACTIONS; MODEL SELECTION; STREAM FISH; BARENTS SEA; ECOLOGY AB Many multispecies models have assumed that prey density determines per-capita predator consumption rates, following a functional response relationship. However, empirical evidence suggests that a predator's diet can also be influenced by a variety of environmental factors, including interactions with other predators. We used diet and abundance data from National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) bottom trawl surveys for three groundfish predators (Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis), and sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria)) in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) to determine whether temperature or other species influence the consumption of walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus). Using an information-theoretic approach, we tested for relationships between walleye pollock observed in predator stomachs and predator length, bottom temperature, prey availability (walleye pollock catch per unit effort (CPUE) scaled by observed prey lengths), and CPUE of the three predators and arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias). Predator length was positively related to walleye pollock presence and proportion of total diet mass in all predators. Increased temperatures negatively affected consumption of walleye pollock by Pacific halibut, but not the other predators. We found evidence for a number of interpredator effects of co-occurring predators, both positive (facultative) and negative (competitive). Surprisingly, observed prey density was not statistically significant with respect to consumption for these predators, suggesting that trawls sample the environment far differently than walleye pollock predators or species interactions are more complex than those used in previous multispecies models. These factors should be considered for future models contributing to ecosystem-based management. C1 [Thompson, Kevin A.; Heppell, Selina S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Thompson, Grant G.] NOAA, Natl Marine Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Thompson, KA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM kevin.thompson@oregonstate.edu FU NMFS Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program; Oregon State University Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Thomas G. Scott Publication Fund FX Thomas Hurst, Sarah Gaichas (NOAA), and Lorenzo Cianelli (Oregon State University) provided scientific insight throughout this study and valuable edits to the manuscript. Diet data was provided by the food habits laboratory of the Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management (REFM) division of AFSC, and the Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering (RACE) division provided the catch data necessary for this work. Allison Evans provided statistical, graphical, and editorial input, and Will Sattherwhaite also provided editorial comments that improved this paper. A grant from the NMFS Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program funded this work. Publication of this paper was supported, in part, by the Oregon State University Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Thomas G. Scott Publication Fund. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 22 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 71 IS 8 BP 1123 EP 1133 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0260 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AO7FN UT WOS:000341517800001 ER PT J AU Weber, N Bouwes, N Jordan, CE AF Weber, Nicholas Bouwes, Nicolaas Jordan, Chris E. TI Estimation of salmonid habitat growth potential through measurements of invertebrate food abundance and temperature SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; DRIFT-FEEDING SALMONIDS; JUVENILE RAINBOW-TROUT; INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; BROWN TROUT; COHO SALMON; TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES; STREAM SALMONIDS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; TERRITORY SIZE AB Criteria used to characterize lotic salmonid habitat suitability are often based on correlations between physical habitat characteristics and salmonid abundance. Focusing on physical habitat features ignores other habitat components, such as an adequate food supply, that limit the amount of energy available for growth and survival. We tested the degree that food availability and temperature influence lotic salmonid consumption and growth rates and outline an approach for assessing habitat quality based on measurements of these features. We collected benthic and drifting invertebrate abundances, stream temperatures, and juvenile steelhead - rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss gairdneri) summer growth rates among nine stream segments in central Oregon. Stream temperatures and growth rates were used in bioenergetics model simulations to estimate O. mykiss consumption rates. The variation in O. mykiss consumption rates was explained by measurements of total drift biomass along a type II predator response curve (R-2 = 0.71). This simplified foraging relationship between food abundance and consumption is then used to estimate the consumption component of the bioenergetics model to allow estimation of salmonid growth potential. Validation of the growth potential model produced reasonably accurate estimates of fish growth rates at reaches within the study area and precise but biased estimates in novel systems. While additional reach-level habitat information may be required to make the model more generalizable, the assessment of invertebrate food availability offers a simple yet powerful approach for describing the growth potential of stream habitat. C1 [Weber, Nicholas] Eco Log Res Inc, Providence, UT 84332 USA. [Bouwes, Nicolaas] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Jordan, Chris E.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Math Biol & Syst Monitoring Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Weber, N (reprint author), Eco Log Res Inc, 456 S 100 W, Providence, UT 84332 USA. EM nick.weber@ecologicalresearch.net OI Bouwes, Nicolaas/0000-0003-0249-3593 FU NOAA Fisheries [2003-017]; Bonneville Power Administration FX Funding for this project (2003-017) was provided by NOAA Fisheries and the Bonneville Power Administration. Ian Tattam, Seth White, and many others assisted with the field data collection that made this project possible. Additional thanks are due to the faculty, staff, and students from the Watershed Sciences Department at Utah State University, who were integral in the development, execution, and completion of this study. NR 66 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 50 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 71 IS 8 BP 1158 EP 1170 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0390 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AO7FN UT WOS:000341517800004 ER PT J AU Conn, PB Johnson, DS Fritz, LW Fadely, BS AF Conn, Paul B. Johnson, Devin S. Fritz, Lowell W. Fadely, Brian S. TI Examining the utility of fishery and survey data to detect prey removal effects on Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN STOCK; POPULATION DECLINE; MERCURY CONCENTRATIONS; COMMERCIAL FISHERIES; ALASKA; HYPOTHESIS; DYNAMICS; MODELS; DIET; AGE AB One focus of mitigation for Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) declines in Alaska has been to restrict commercial fishery activity around sea lion rookeries and haul-outs. However, a variety of statistical hypothesis tests have failed to relate sea lion population metrics to fish and fishing variables, prompting speculation that regulations may be unwarranted. In this study, we use simulation to show that standard hypothesis tests often have overstated power to detect a relationship between Steller sea lion vital rates and fish or fishing variables. The power and utility of hypothesis tests largely depend on choosing appropriate dependent and independent variables. In particular, pup counts were the most effective for diagnosing fecundity effects, and successive ratios of adult counts were the most effective for diagnosing survival effects. Fish relative abundance was the most effective independent variable, with other choices (e.g., fishery catch) often resulting in misleading inferences. We argue that Bayes factors are best suited for characterizing the relationship between fish abundance and Steller sea lion vital rates and that existing evidence does not preclude a strong relationship between sea lion fecundity and the availability of commercially harvested fish stocks. C1 [Conn, Paul B.; Johnson, Devin S.; Fritz, Lowell W.; Fadely, Brian S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Conn, PB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM paul.conn@noaa.gov RI Fadely, Brian/P-3601-2015 OI Fadely, Brian/0000-0002-9172-1887 NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 16 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 71 IS 8 BP 1229 EP 1242 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0602 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AO7FN UT WOS:000341517800010 ER PT J AU Johnson, WL Schulz, M Fritze, H AF Johnson, Ward L. Schulz, Michal Fritze, Holger TI High-Temperature Electroacoustic Characterization of Y-Cut and Singly-Rotated Ca3TaGa3Si2O14 Resonators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID DEFECT CHEMISTRY; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; LANGASITE; LA3GA5SIO14; LANGANITE AB Synthetic piezoelectric crystals in the P321 crystal class have been a focus of substantial research that is largely driven by applications in high-temperature resonant BAW and SAW sensing. Fully ordered crystals in this class, such as Ca3TaGa3Si2O14 (CTGS), have been suggested as offering the potential of electroacoustic performance that is superior to more extensively studied langasite (LGS) and langatate (LGT), which are partially disordered. In this study, the resonant frequencies, acoustic damping, and electrical conductivity of CTGS bulk acoustic resonators with Y-cut and (YXl)-30 degrees crystal orientations and fundamental frequencies near 5 MHz are investigated at temperatures between ambient and 1100 degrees C. (YXl)-30 degrees resonators are found to have turnover temperatures near 200 degrees C for the third and fifth overtones, in contrast to a monotonic decrease in resonant frequencies of Y-cut crystals with increasing temperature. The maximum temperature derivative of fractional changes in fifth-overtone frequency of (YXl)-30 degrees CTGS is 40 x 10(-6)K(-1) (near 1100 degrees C), and this value is not greatly different from the temperature derivative of Y-cut CTGS frequencies over a broader range of temperatures. At ambient temperatures, the acoustic loss Q(-1) of CTGS with both crystal orientations is found to be greater than the lowest values previously reported for LGS and LGT. The electrical conductivity of the CTGS specimens between 500 degrees C and 1100 degrees C is substantially lower than that previously reported for LGS. Corresponding to this lower conductivity, the piezoelectric/conductive contribution to Q(-1) at elevated temperatures is reduced. Additional anelastic relaxation peaks observed between 100 degrees C and 700 degrees C are similar to those previously reported for LGS and LGT. C1 [Johnson, Ward L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Johnson, Ward L.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO USA. [Schulz, Michal; Fritze, Holger] Tech Univ Clausthal, High Temp Sensor Grp, Inst Energy Res & Phys Technol, Goslar, Germany. RP Johnson, WL (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM wjohnson@boulder.nist.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 EI 1525-8955 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD AUG PY 2014 VL 61 IS 8 BP 1433 EP 1441 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2014.3052 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA AO8GJ UT WOS:000341591400022 PM 25215383 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Lewis, R Radebaugh, R Lin, MMH Bright, VM Lee, YC AF Wang, Yunda Lewis, Ryan Radebaugh, Ray Lin, Martin M. -H. Bright, Victor M. Lee, Yung-Cheng TI A Monolithic Polyimide Micro Cryogenic Cooler: Design, Fabrication, and Test SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Micro cryogenic cooler; polyimide; monolithic; 3-D interconnect; mixed refrigerant; fluid micro channels; wafer-level process ID MICROMINIATURE REFRIGERATION; MIXED-REFRIGERANT; TEMPERATURES; TECHNOLOGY; STAGE AB In this paper, we present the design, fabrication, and testing of a monolithic polymer Joule-Thomson microcryogenic cooler (MCC) cold stage. The MCC cold stages were fabricated monolithically on a wafer out of polyimide. The fabrication was based on surface micromachining technologies using electroplated copper as the sacrificial layers and polyimide as the structural material. The process consisted of multilayers of metallization, coating of polyimide, and the patterning on each layer. One of the key techniques enabling this monolithic approach was the development of the wafer-level 3-D interconnect for making high pressure (e.g., 10 atm) polymer fluid microchannels. To evaluate the performance of the MCC, a five-component fluid mixture designed for cooling from 300 to 200 K was used as a refrigerant. The cold tip reached 190 K under a refrigerant pressure ratio of 6.2:1.1 bar. The heat-lift at 200 K was measured to be 5.2 mW. [2013-0211] C1 [Wang, Yunda] Palo Alto Res Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Lewis, Ryan; Bright, Victor M.; Lee, Yung-Cheng] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Radebaugh, Ray] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lin, Martin M. -H.] Symmetricom Inc, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Palo Alto Res Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM yundawangyd@gmail.com; ryan.j.lewis-1@colorado.edu; radebaugh@boulder.nist.gov; muhongcolorado@yahoo.com; victor.bright@colorado.edu; leeyc@colorado.edu FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Micro Cryogenic Cooler Program [NBCHC060052, W31P4Q-10-1-0004]; Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network at the Colorado Nanofabrication Laboratory FX This work was supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Micro Cryogenic Cooler Program under Grant NBCHC060052 and Grant W31P4Q-10-1-0004, and in part by the Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network at the Colorado Nanofabrication Laboratory. Subject Editor L. Lin. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 EI 1941-0158 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 23 IS 4 BP 934 EP 943 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2014.2301631 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AO8AB UT WOS:000341573300021 ER PT J AU Bearden, DW Beger, RD Broadhurst, D Dunn, W Edison, A Guillou, C Trengove, R Viant, M Wilson, I AF Bearden, Daniel W. Beger, Richard D. Broadhurst, David Dunn, Warwick Edison, Arthur Guillou, Claude Trengove, Robert Viant, Mark Wilson, Ian TI The New Data Quality Task Group (DQTG): ensuring high quality data today and in the future SO METABOLOMICS LA English DT News Item C1 [Bearden, Daniel W.] NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Beger, Richard D.] US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Syst Biol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Broadhurst, David] Univ Alberta, Dept Med, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Dunn, Warwick; Viant, Mark] Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Edison, Arthur] Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Guillou, Claude] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Trengove, Robert] Murdoch Univ, Separat Sci & Metabol Lab, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. [Wilson, Ian] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Surg & Canc, London, England. RP Bearden, DW (reprint author), NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM dan.bearden@nist.gov; richard.beger@fda.hhs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1573-3882 EI 1573-3890 J9 METABOLOMICS JI Metabolomics PD AUG PY 2014 VL 10 IS 4 BP 539 EP 540 DI 10.1007/s11306-014-0679-1 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA AO5YE UT WOS:000341422300001 ER PT J AU Viant, MR Bearden, DW Creek, DJ Fiehn, O Robertson, DG AF Viant, Mark R. Bearden, Daniel W. Creek, Darren J. Fiehn, Oliver Robertson, Donald G. TI Supporting the industry sector of the metabolomics community: the remit of the Metabolomics Society's Industry Engagement Task Group SO METABOLOMICS LA English DT News Item C1 [Viant, Mark R.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Bearden, Daniel W.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Creek, Darren J.] Monash Univ, Monash Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Parkville, Vic, Australia. [Fiehn, Oliver] Univ Calif Davis, UC Davis Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Robertson, Donald G.] Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Appl & Invest Metabol, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Viant, MR (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. EM m.viant@bham.ac.uk RI Viant, Mark/B-6339-2009 OI Viant, Mark/0000-0001-5898-4119 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1573-3882 EI 1573-3890 J9 METABOLOMICS JI Metabolomics PD AUG PY 2014 VL 10 IS 4 BP 541 EP 542 DI 10.1007/s11306-014-0681-7 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA AO5YE UT WOS:000341422300002 ER PT J AU Wickham, J Homer, C Vogelmann, J McKerrow, A Mueller, R Herold, N Coulston, J AF Wickham, James Homer, Collin Vogelmann, James McKerrow, Alexa Mueller, Rick Herold, Nate Coulston, John TI The Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium-20 Years of Development and Integration of USA National Land Cover Data SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE C-CAP; change detection; Cropland Data Layer (CDL); GAP; LANDFIRE; NLCD ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; THEMATIC ACCURACY; IMPERVIOUS SURFACE; NLCD 2001; ANCILLARY DATA; PERCENT TREE; IMAGERY; COMPLETION; EMERGENCE; CANOPY AB The Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium demonstrates the national benefits of USA Federal collaboration. Starting in the mid-1990s as a small group with the straightforward goal of compiling a comprehensive national Landsat dataset that could be used to meet agencies' needs, MRLC has grown into a group of 10 USA Federal Agencies that coordinate the production of five different products, including the National Land Cover Database (NLCD), the Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP), the Cropland Data Layer (CDL), the Gap Analysis Program (GAP), and the Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools (LANDFIRE). As a set, the products include almost every aspect of land cover from impervious surface to detailed crop and vegetation types to fire fuel classes. Some products can be used for land cover change assessments because they cover multiple time periods. The MRLC Consortium has become a collaborative forum, where members share research, methodological approaches, and data to produce products using established protocols, and we believe it is a model for the production of integrated land cover products at national to continental scales. We provide a brief overview of each of the main products produced by MRLC and examples of how each product has been used. We follow that with a discussion of the impact of the MRLC program and a brief overview of future plans. C1 [Wickham, James] USA Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Exposure Res Lab E243 05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Homer, Collin; Vogelmann, James] USA Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [McKerrow, Alexa] N Carolina State Univ, USA Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Mueller, Rick] USA Dept Agr, Natl Agr Stat Serv, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Herold, Nate] NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. [Coulston, John] USDA Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. RP Wickham, J (reprint author), USA Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Exposure Res Lab E243 05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wickham.james@epa.gov; homer@usgs.gov; vogel@usgs.gov; alexa_mckerrow@ncsu.edu; rick_mueller@nass.usda.gov; nate.herold@noaa.gov; jcoulston@fs.fed.us OI Vogelmann, James/0000-0002-0804-5823 FU The USA Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The USA Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to agency review and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency. We thank Jeffery Eidenshink and Don Ohlen of the USGS and five anonymous journal reviewers for the helpful comments on earlier versions of the paper. NR 62 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 21 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 6 IS 8 BP 7424 EP 7441 DI 10.3390/rs6087424 PG 18 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AO7FV UT WOS:000341518700029 ER PT J AU Balk, AL Mair, LO Mathai, PP Patrone, PN Wang, W Ahmed, S Mallouk, TE Liddle, JA Stavis, SM AF Balk, Andrew L. Mair, Lamar O. Mathai, Pramod P. Patrone, Paul N. Wang, Wei Ahmed, Suzanne Mallouk, Thomas E. Liddle, J. Alexander Stavis, Samuel M. TI Kilohertz Rotation of Nanorods Propelled by Ultrasound, Traced by Microvortex Advection of Nanoparticles SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE acoustic; microvortex; nanomotor; nanoparticle; nanorod; rotation; ultrasonic; ultrasound ID MAGNETIC HELICAL MICROMACHINES; DRUG-DELIVERY; NANOMOTORS; NANOSPRINGS; PARTICLES; DIAGNOSIS; TRANSPORT; DRIVEN; FORCE AB We measure the microvortical flows around gold nanorods propelled by ultrasound in water using polystyrene nanoparticles as optical tracers. We infer the rotational frequencies of such nanomotors assuming a hydrodynamic model of this interaction. In this way, we find that nanomotors rotate around their longitudinal axes at frequencies of up to approximate to 25 kHz, or approximate to 150 000 rpm, in the planar pressure node of a half-wavelength layered acoustic resonator driven at approximate to 3 MHz with an acoustic energy density of < 10 J.m(-3). The corresponding tangential speeds of up to approximate to 25 mm.s(-1) at a nanomotor radius of approximate to 160 rim are 2 orders of magnitude faster than the translational speeds of up to 20 mu m.s(-1). We also find that rotation and translation are independent modes of motion within experimental uncertainty. Our study is an important step toward understanding the behavior and fulfilling the potential of this dynamic nanotechnology for hydrodynamically interacting with biological media, as well as other applications involving nanoscale transport, mixing, drilling, assembly, and theology. Our results also establish the fastest reported rotation of a nanomotor in aqueous solution. C1 [Balk, Andrew L.; Mair, Lamar O.; Mathai, Pramod P.; Patrone, Paul N.; Liddle, J. Alexander; Stavis, Samuel M.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Balk, Andrew L.; Mair, Lamar O.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mathai, Pramod P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Patrone, Paul N.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Patrone, Paul N.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Math & Its Applicat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Wang, Wei; Ahmed, Suzanne; Mallouk, Thomas E.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Stavis, SM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuel.stavis@nist.gov RI Mallouk, Thomas/K-7391-2012; Wang, Wei/F-9274-2013; Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Mallouk, Thomas/0000-0003-4599-4208; Wang, Wei/0000-0003-4163-3173; Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; Penn State Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC), under NSF [DMR-0820404] FX A.L.B., L.O.M, P.P.M., and P.N.P. acknowledge support of this research under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. W.W., S.A., and T.M. acknowledge support of this research by the Penn State Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC), under NSF grant DMR-0820404. The authors gratefully acknowledge W. Saslow, M. Stiles, and J. Fagan for helpful discussions and insightful reviews. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 58 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD AUG PY 2014 VL 8 IS 8 BP 8300 EP 8309 DI 10.1021/nn502753x PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AO0IM UT WOS:000340992300078 PM 25019966 ER PT J AU Sunday, DF Hammond, MR Wang, CQ Wu, WL Delongchamp, DM Tjio, M Cheng, JY Pitera, JW Kline, RJ AF Sunday, Daniel F. Hammond, Matthew R. Wang, Chengqing Wu, Wen-li Delongchamp, Dean M. Tjio, Melia Cheng, Joy Y. Pitera, Jed W. Kline, R. Joseph TI Determination of the Internal Morphology of Nanostructures Patterned by Directed Self Assembly SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE directed self assembly; block copolymer; soft X-ray; resonant scattering ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; BLOCK-COPOLYMER DOMAINS; LINE EDGE ROUGHNESS; THIN-FILMS; DENSITY MULTIPLICATION; CROSS-SECTION; LITHOGRAPHY; ANGLE; REFLECTIVITY; SIMULATIONS AB The directed self assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCP) is an emerging resolution enhancement tool that can multiply or subdivide the pitch of a lithographically defined chemical or topological pattern and is a resolution enhancement candidate to augment conventional lithography for patterning sub 20 nm features. Continuing the development of this technology will require an improved understanding of the polymer physics involved as well as experimental confirmation of the simulations used to guide the design process. Both of these endeavors would be greatly facilitated by a metrology, which is capable of probing the internal morphology of a DSA film. We have developed a new measurement technique, resonant critical dimension small angle X-ray scattering (res-CDSAXS), to evaluate the 3D buried features inside the film. This is an X-ray scattering measurement where the sample angle is varied to probe the 3D structure of the film, while resonant soft X-rays are used to enhance the scattering contrast By measuring the same sample with both res-CDSAXS and traditional CDSAXS (with hard X-rays), we are able to demonstrate the dramatic improvement in scattering obtained through the use of resonant soft X-rays. Analysis of the reciprocal space map constructed from the res-CDSAXS measurements allowed us to reconstruct the complex buried features in DSA BCP films. We studied a series of DSA BCP films with varying template widths, and the internal morphologies for these samples were compared to the results of single chain in mean field simulations. The measurements revealed a range of morphologies that occur with changing template width, including results that suggest the presence of mixed morphologies composed of both whole and necking lamella. The development of res-CDSAXS will enable a better understanding of the fundamental physics behind the formation of buried features in DSA BCP films. C1 [Sunday, Daniel F.; Hammond, Matthew R.; Wang, Chengqing; Wu, Wen-li; Delongchamp, Dean M.; Kline, R. Joseph] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tjio, Melia; Cheng, Joy Y.; Pitera, Jed W.] IBM Res Almaden, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RP Kline, RJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rjkline@nist.gov RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008 FU E.I. DuPont de Nemours Co.; Dow Chemical Company; Northwestern University; US. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; IBM Corporation; Applied Materials FX Portions of this work were performed at the DuPont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team (DND-CAT) located at Sector 5 of the Advanced Photon Source (APS). DND-CAT is supported by E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., The Dow Chemical Company and Northwestern University. Use of the APS, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the US. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We thank Steven Weigand and Denis Keane for assistance at sector 5-ID-D and Anthony Young and Cheng Wang for assistance at BL 11.0.1.2. Authors JWP, MT and JC acknowledge the financial support of the IBM Corporation and experiment support from Christopher Bencher and Applied Materials. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 52 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 7 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD AUG PY 2014 VL 8 IS 8 BP 8426 EP 8437 DI 10.1021/nn5029289 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AO0IM UT WOS:000340992300092 PM 25075449 ER PT J AU Chen, YG Francescato, Y Caldwell, JD Giannini, V Mass, TWW Glembocki, OJ Bezares, FJ Taubner, T Kasica, R Hong, MH Maier, SA AF Chen, Yiguo Francescato, Yan Caldwell, Joshua D. Giannini, Vincenzo Mass, Tobias W. W. Glembocki, Orest J. Bezares, Francisco J. Taubner, Thomas Kasica, Richard Hong, Minghui Maier, Stefan A. TI Spectral Tuning of Localized Surface Phonon Polariton Resonators for Low-Loss Mid-IR Applications SO ACS PHOTONICS LA English DT Article DE localized surface phonon polariton; monopolar resonance; silicon carbide; spectral tuning; near-field coupling ID SILICON-CARBIDE; NANOANTENNA ARRAYS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LIGHT; SCALE; NANOPARTICLES; EMISSION AB Low-loss surface phonon polariton (SPhP) modes supported within polar dielectric crystals are a promising alternative to conventional, metal-based plasmonic systems for the realization of nanophotonic components. Here we show that monopolar excitations in 4H-silicon carbide nanopillar arrays exhibit an unprecedented stable efficiency even when the resonator filling fraction is varied by an order of magnitude. This provides a powerful mid-IR platform with excellent spectral tunability and strong field confinement. Combining IR spectroscopy measurements with full electrodynamic calculations, we elucidate the nature of the optical modes in these elongated subwavelength nanostructures by investigating their spectral behavior and local field dependence on the size and periodicity. The present study also gives a clear understanding and practical guidelines for the spectral tuning of localized SPhP and the coupling mechanisms at play. This work is integral with the development of phonon-polariton based applications for surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRA), polychromatic detectors, and thermal imaging. C1 [Chen, Yiguo; Francescato, Yan; Giannini, Vincenzo; Maier, Stefan A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Chen, Yiguo] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Caldwell, Joshua D.; Glembocki, Orest J.; Bezares, Francisco J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Mass, Tobias W. W.; Taubner, Thomas] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Aachen, Germany. [Kasica, Richard] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Maier, SA (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM s.maier@imperial.ac.uk RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; Taubner, Thomas/E-8779-2012 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; Taubner, Thomas/0000-0002-0628-3043 FU UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); NRL Nanoscience Institute (NSI) - office of Naval Research; ASEE/NRL; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinsdiaft (DFG) [SPP-1327]; Ministry of Innovation NRW; German Excellence Initiative FX Y.F., V.G., and S.A.M. were sponsored by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). J.D.C. acknowledges financial support from the NRL Nanoscience Institute (NSI), which is funded by the office of Naval Research. F.J.B. was supported by an ASEE/NRL fellowship. E-beam lithography was performed at the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST) at NIST in Gaithersburg MD. T.W.W.M. and T.T. acknowledge funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinsdiaft (DFG) within SPP-1327 "Sub-100 nm structures for optical and biomedical applications". T.T. acknowledges financial support from the Ministry of Innovation NRW and the German Excellence Initiative. NR 42 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 7 U2 82 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2330-4022 J9 ACS PHOTONICS JI ACS Photonics PD AUG PY 2014 VL 1 IS 8 BP 718 EP 724 DI 10.1021/ph500143u PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA AN6UW UT WOS:000340734900012 ER PT J AU Katzenmeyer, AM Chae, J Kasica, R Holland, G Lahiri, B Centrone, A AF Katzenmeyer, Aaron M. Chae, Jungseok Kasica, Richard Holland, Glenn Lahiri, Basudev Centrone, Andrea TI Nanoscale Imaging and Spectroscopy of Plasmonic Modes with the PTIR Technique SO ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FIELD OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; METAMATERIALS; AFM; SPECTROMICROSCOPY; HETEROGENEITY; NANOPARTICLES; INTERFERENCE; MONOLAYERS; RESONANCE C1 [Katzenmeyer, Aaron M.; Chae, Jungseok; Kasica, Richard; Holland, Glenn; Lahiri, Basudev; Centrone, Andrea] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chae, Jungseok; Lahiri, Basudev] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Centrone, A (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrea.centrone@nist.gov RI Katzenmeyer, Aaron/F-7961-2014 OI Katzenmeyer, Aaron/0000-0002-5755-8537 FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX J. C. and B. L. acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 25 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 2195-1071 J9 ADV OPT MATER JI Adv. Opt. Mater. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 2 IS 8 BP 718 EP 722 DI 10.1002/adom.201400005 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA AO2UB UT WOS:000341180400003 ER PT J AU Kouh, T Kemiktarak, U Basarir, O Lissandrello, C Ekinci, KL AF Kouh, T. Kemiktarak, U. Basarir, O. Lissandrello, C. Ekinci, K. L. TI Measuring Gaussian noise using a lock-in amplifier SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UNDERGRADUATE EXPERIMENT; BOLTZMANNS CONSTANT; FLUCTUATIONS AB Gaussian fluctuations (or Gaussian noise) appear in almost all measurements in physics. Here, a concise and self-contained introduction to thermal Gaussian noise is presented. Our analysis in the frequency domain centers on thermal fluctuations of the position of a particle bound in a one-dimensional harmonic potential, which in this case is a microcantilever immersed in a bath of room-temperature gas. Position fluctuations of the microcantilever, detected by the optical beam deflection technique, are then fed into a lock-in amplifier to measure the probability distribution and spectral properties of the fluctuations. The lock-in amplifier measurement is designed to emphasize the frequency-domain properties of Gaussian noise. The discussion here can be complementary to a discussion of Gaussian fluctuations in the time domain. (C) 2014 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 [Kouh, T.; Basarir, O.; Lissandrello, C.; Ekinci, K. L.] Boston Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Kouh, T.; Basarir, O.; Lissandrello, C.; Ekinci, K. L.] Boston Univ, Photon Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Kouh, T.] Kookmin Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 136702, South Korea. [Kemiktarak, U.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kemiktarak, U.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kouh, T (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM ekinci@bu.edu FU US NSF [CMMI-0970071, DGE-1247312]; National Research Foundation of Korea [2012R1A1A2000748] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the following sources: US NSF Grants Nos. CMMI-0970071 and DGE-1247312 (C. Lissandrello), and National Research Foundation of Korea Grant No. 2012R1A1A2000748 (T. Kouh). NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS PI COLLEGE PARK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PARK, MD 20740-3845 USA SN 0002-9505 EI 1943-2909 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 82 IS 8 BP 778 EP 784 DI 10.1119/1.4873694 PG 7 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA AO2KZ UT WOS:000341152100007 ER PT J AU Stambaugh, C Durand, M Kemiktarak, U Lawall, J AF Stambaugh, Corey Durand, Mathieu Kemiktarak, Utku Lawall, John TI Cavity-enhanced measurements for determining dielectric-membrane thickness and complex index of refraction SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; THIN-FILMS; ABSORPTION-MEASUREMENTS AB The material properties of silicon nitride (SiN) play an important role in the performance of SiN membranes used in optomechanical applications. An optimum design of a subwavelength high-contrast grating requires accurate knowledge of the membrane thickness and index of refraction, and its performance is ultimately limited by material absorption. Here we describe a cavity-enhanced method to measure the thickness and complex index of refraction of dielectric membranes with small, but nonzero, absorption coefficients. By determining Brewster's angle and an angle at which reflection is minimized by means of destructive interference, both the real part of the index of refraction and the sample thickness can be measured. A comparison of the losses in the empty cavity and the cavity containing the dielectric sample provides a measurement of the absorption. C1 [Stambaugh, Corey; Durand, Mathieu; Kemiktarak, Utku; Lawall, John] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kemiktarak, Utku] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lawall, J (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lawall@nist.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 22 BP 4930 EP 4938 DI 10.1364/AO.53.004930 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA AN8BC UT WOS:000340824800029 PM 25090324 ER PT J AU Qing, T Shen, XY Wang, WG Huang, WY AF Qing Tao Shen Xin-Yong Wang Wei-Guo Huang Wen-Yan TI Characteristics of Lagrangian transportation in a tropical deep convective process during TWP-ICE SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA Chinese DT Article DE Tropical deep convection; Anvil cirrus; Hydrometeor transportation; Lagrangian trajectory; FLEXPART dispersion model ID INTERNATIONAL CLOUD EXPERIMENT; PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION AB High resolution mesoscale model WRFV3. 4. 1 is used to simulate the deep convective process during TWP-ICE. Simulation data from the forth nested domain outputted every five minutes is employed to analyze the characteristics of an updraft mass flux profile and the trajectories of convective transportation with the FLEXPART Lagrangian dispersion model. Analyses of Lagrangian characteristics of hydrometeor transportation and mass flux vertical variation show that around the top of conditional instability, some hydrometeor has been detrained from the deep convective system. Convective hydrometeor is conveyed by steering current from the deep convective system to their downstream. However, influenced by low level wind disturbance, some hydrometeor is also conveyed to upstream. The largest distance over which the hydrometeor is transported from the deep convective system to the downstream is about 200 similar to 300 km. About 10%similar to 20% of the hydrometeor has an important influence on the anvil area 50 similar to 150 km downward from the deep convective system, of which the time scale is 4 similar to 6 hours. C1 [Qing Tao; Shen Xin-Yong; Huang Wen-Yan] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Shen Xin-Yong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Key Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Sever Storms, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Wang Wei-Guo] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Baltimore, MD 20746 USA. RP Qing, T (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM qinggtao@gmail.com; shenxy@nuist.edu.cn NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0001-5733 J9 CHINESE J GEOPHYS-CH JI Chinese J. Geophys.-Chinese Ed. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 57 IS 8 BP 2442 EP 2454 DI 10.6038/cjg20140806 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AO1KE UT WOS:000341070200006 ER PT J AU Banerjee, .DK AF Banerjee, . Dilip K. TI A software independent tool for mapping thermal results to structural model SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Data transfer; Fire; Finite element analysis; Heat transfer model; Structural analysis model; Solid/beam/shell element ID FIRE AB In order to model the structural behavior under fire, three separate analyses need to be conducted: (a) fire propagation and growth (fire modeling), (b) heat transfer in structural members due to fire, and (c) structural analysis to account for both thermal and mechanical load. Fire modeling is conducted with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. Typical heat transfer analysis is conducted using finite element analysis (FEA) approach employing solid 3D or 2D shell elements. Structural analysis is often conducted using PEA approach but employing beam and shell elements, especially for large structures. Common outputs of a CFD fire model relevant for a structural fire analysis are heat flux and temperature field, which are input to the heat transfer model as thermal boundary conditions. Subsequently, the transient temperatures computed by the heat transfer analysis in the structural members are inputs to the structural analysis model. However, this transfer of data is complicated because of the difference in the type of finite elements and level of discretization used in each of these two analyses. A software independent mapping tool is therefore required to transfer the thermal data from heat transfer model to structural analysis model. This paper discusses a novel methodology that was developed to map thermal data from a heat transfer model comprising solid finite elements to a structural analysis model comprising beam and shell elements. The methodology relies on the fundamentals of finite elements pertaining to the use of element shape functions and local or natural coordinates. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Banerjee, .DK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Dilip.Banerjee@nist.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 EI 1873-7226 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 68 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2014.06.002 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AO0DQ UT WOS:000340979700001 ER PT J AU Sandifer, PA Sutton-Grier, AE AF Sandifer, Paul A. Sutton-Grier, Ariana E. TI Connecting stressors, ocean ecosystem services, and human health SO NATURAL RESOURCES FORUM LA English DT Article DE Environmental stressors; ocean and coastal ecosystems; ecosystem services; human health and well-being; oceans ID MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIODIVERSITY LOSS; GLOBAL OCEAN; COASTAL; BLOOMS; IMPACTS; TRENDS; RISK; US AB Ocean and coastal ecosystems provide many critical ecosystem services that support human health and well-being including providing food, storm protection, and carbon sequestration. Environmental stressors acting individually or concurrently and synergistically are reducing the ability of coastal ecosystems to provide key ecosystem services that may result in decreases in human health and well-being. We outline some impacts to human health and well-being that may result from the effects on coastal and ocean ecosystem services of five example stressors: rising temperatures, nutrient enrichment, ocean acidification, habitat destruction and the concomitant loss of biodiversity, and extreme weather events. We conclude with suggestions for research and related actions to improve our understanding and management of coastal ecosystems. These include the need for natural and biomedical/public health scientists, and their respective professional organizations, to work together to increase understanding of the connections between healthy and degraded coastal and marine ecosystems and human health, and for policy and decision-makers to account for these impacts when considering trade-offs among management alternatives. C1 [Sandifer, Paul A.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. [Sutton-Grier, Ariana E.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Sandifer, PA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. EM paul.sandifer@noaa.gov; ariana.sutton-grier@noaa.gov OI Sutton-Grier, Ariana/0000-0002-1242-7728 NR 105 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 11 U2 64 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0165-0203 EI 1477-8947 J9 NAT RESOUR FORUM JI Nat. Resour. Forum PD AUG PY 2014 VL 38 IS 3 BP 157 EP 167 DI 10.1111/1477-8947.12047 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO2TL UT WOS:000341178800002 ER PT J AU Malone, TC DiGiacomo, PM Goncalves, E Knap, AH Talaue-McManus, L de Mora, S Muelbert, J AF Malone, Thomas C. DiGiacomo, Paul M. Goncalves, Emanuel Knap, Anthony H. Talaue-McManus, Liana de Mora, Stephen Muelbert, Jose TI Enhancing the Global Ocean Observing System to meet evidence based needs for the ecosystem-based management of coastal ecosystem services SO NATURAL RESOURCES FORUM LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem-based approaches; integrated ecosystem assessments; Global Ocean Observing System; essential ecosystem state variables; integrated ocean governance; oceans ID MARINE RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; IN-FLOW CYTOMETRY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEAGRASS ECOSYSTEMS; MANGROVE FORESTS; ELEPHANT SEALS; CARBON BUDGET; FOOD WEBS; PHYTOPLANKTON; BIODIVERSITY AB Ecosystem-based approaches (EBAs) to managing anthropogenic pressures on ecosystems, adapting to changes in ecosystem states (indicators of ecosystem health), and mitigating the impacts of state changes on ecosystem services are needed for sustainable development. EBAs are informed by integrated ecosystem assessments (IEAs) that must be compiled and updated frequently for EBAs to be effective. Frequently updated IEAs depend on the sustained provision of data and information on pressures, state changes, and impacts of state changes on services. Nowhere is this truer than in the coastal zone, where people and ecosystem services are concentrated and where anthropogenic pressures converge. This study identifies the essential indicator variables required for the sustained provision of frequently updated IEAs, and offers an approach to establishing a global network of coastal observations within the framework of the Global Ocean Observing System. The need for and challenges of capacity-building are highlighted, and examples are given of current programmes that could contribute to the implementation of a coastal ocean observing system of systems on a global scale. This illustrates the need for new approaches to ocean governance that can achieve coordinated integration of existing programmes and technologies as a first step towards this goal. C1 [Malone, Thomas C.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [DiGiacomo, Paul M.] NOAA, Washington, DC USA. [Goncalves, Emanuel] Inst Univ, Lisbon, Portugal. [Knap, Anthony H.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Talaue-McManus, Liana] Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA. [de Mora, Stephen] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth, Devon, England. [Muelbert, Jose] Univ Fed Rio Grande, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. RP Malone, TC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM malone@umces.edu; paul.digiacomo@noaa.gov; emanuel@ispa.pt; tknap@geos.tamu.edu; lmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu; sjdm@pml.ac.uk; docjhm@furg.br RI DiGiacomo, Paul/F-5584-2010; Muelbert, Jose/J-5110-2014; OI DiGiacomo, Paul/0000-0003-4550-1899; Muelbert, Jose/0000-0002-2319-2469; Goncalves, Emanuel/0000-0002-3918-6215 NR 156 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0165-0203 EI 1477-8947 J9 NAT RESOUR FORUM JI Nat. Resour. Forum PD AUG PY 2014 VL 38 IS 3 BP 168 EP 181 DI 10.1111/1477-8947.12045 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO2TL UT WOS:000341178800003 ER PT J AU Minnikanti, S Gangopadhyay, A Reyes, DR AF Minnikanti, Saugandhika Gangopadhyay, Aveek Reyes, Darwin R. TI Polyelectrolyte Multilayers in Microfluidic Systems for Biological Applications SO POLYMERS LA English DT Review DE polyelectrolyte multilayers; microfluidics; lab-on-a-chip; biological applications ID LIQUID-MEDIUM; FILMS; CHANNELS; CELLS; SURFACES; GRADIENTS; CULTURE; SENSOR; PROTEOLYSIS; GENERATION AB The formation of polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) for the first time, two decades ago, demonstrating the assembly on charged substrates in a very simple and efficient way, has proven to be a reliable method to obtain structures tunable at the nanometer scale. Much effort has been put into the assembly of these structures for their use in biological applications. A number of these efforts have been in combination with microfluidic systems, which add to the nanoassembly that is already possible with polyelectrolytes, a new dimension in the construction of valuable structures, some of them not possible with conventional systems. This review focuses on the advancements demonstrated by the combination of PEMs and microfluidic systems, and their use in biological applications. C1 [Minnikanti, Saugandhika] Dakota Consulting Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Gangopadhyay, Aveek] George Mason Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Minnikanti, Saugandhika; Gangopadhyay, Aveek; Reyes, Darwin R.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reyes, DR (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM saugandhika.minnikanti@nist.gov; aveek.gangopadhyay@nist.gov; darwin.reyes@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX This project was funded internally by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 43 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4360 J9 POLYMERS-BASEL JI Polymers PD AUG PY 2014 VL 6 IS 8 BP 2100 EP 2115 DI 10.3390/polym6082100 PG 16 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AO3BZ UT WOS:000341204500002 ER PT J AU Fujisaki, A Mitsudera, H Wang, J Wakatsuchi, M AF Fujisaki, Ayumi Mitsudera, Humio Wang, Jia Wakatsuchi, Masaaki TI How does the Amur River discharge flow over the northwestern continental shelf in the Sea of Okhotsk? SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID ARCTIC OSCILLATION; WINTER MONSOON; ICE; MODEL; TURBULENCE; SUMMER AB The paths of the Amur River discharge on the continental shelf in the Sea of Okhotsk are still unknown despite their significance in transporting dissolved and particulate iron. In this study, we conduct a coupled ice-ocean simulation for the northern Sea of Okhotsk from June 1998 to September 2000 to answer the question: Does the Amur River discharge deposit materials to the pathway of the dense shelf water? In a series of numerical experiments, we identified two routes (the western and eastern routes) that could transport the river water more than 100 km offshore over the northwestern continental shelf. The two routes share the clockwise gyre in the Sakhalin Gulf and the northeastward flow on the northwestern continental shelf. These features are connected through the westward jet along the slope from the Sakhalin Gulf (the western route) and the northward transport over the shelf break canyon (the eastern route). The river water, the dense shelf water, and the easterly wind are in a fine geophysical balance for those features, and all are required for the formation of the two routes. The model results show that these unique joint effects in the Sea of Okhotsk allow the Amur River discharge to be effectively transported over the northwestern continental shelf, unlike a general river discharge that flows along the coast, and deposit materials into the pathway of the dense shelf water. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fujisaki, Ayumi] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Mitsudera, Humio] Hokkaido Univ, Inst Low Temp Sci, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600819, Japan. [Wang, Jia] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Wakatsuchi, Masaaki] Hokkaido Univ, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600819, Japan. RP Fujisaki, A (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM ayumif@umich.edu OI Wang, Jia/0000-0003-4154-9721 FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan [222210001, 22106010] FX This paper is supported by Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan (No. 222210001, No. 22106010). The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. Thanks to Cathy Darnell of NOAA/GLERL for editorial correction of this paper. This is GLERL Contribution No. 1708. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 126 SI SI BP 8 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2014.04.028 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AN8JV UT WOS:000340851400002 ER PT J AU John, U Litaker, W Montresor, M Murray, S Brosnahan, ML Anderson, DM AF John, Uwe Litaker, Wayne Montresor, Marina Murray, Shauna Brosnahan, Michael L. Anderson, Donald M. TI (2302) Proposal to reject the name Gonyaulax catenella (Alexandrium catenella) (Dinophyceae) SO TAXON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [John, Uwe] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Litaker, Wayne] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Oceans Sci, Ctr Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Montresor, Marina] Staz Zool Anton Dohrn, I-80121 Naples, Italy. [Murray, Shauna] Univ Technol Sydney, Plant Funct Biol & Climate Change Cluster, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia. [Brosnahan, Michael L.; Anderson, Donald M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP John, U (reprint author), Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. EM uwe.john@awi.de RI Murray, Shauna/K-5781-2015; john, uwe/S-3009-2016 OI Murray, Shauna/0000-0001-7096-1307; john, uwe/0000-0002-1297-4086 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES021923] NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 16 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY-IAPT PI BRATISLAVA PA C/O INST BOTANY, SLOVAK ACAD SCIENCES DUBRAVSKA CESTA 9, SK-845 23 BRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA SN 0040-0262 EI 1996-8175 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD AUG PY 2014 VL 63 IS 4 BP 932 EP 933 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA AO0EU UT WOS:000340982700022 PM 25530637 ER PT J AU Bosveld, FC Baas, P Steeneveld, GJ Holtslag, AAM Angevine, WM Bazile, E de Bruijn, EIF Deacu, D Edwards, JM Ek, M Larson, VE Pleim, JE Raschendorfer, M Svensson, G AF Bosveld, Fred C. Baas, Peter Steeneveld, Gert-Jan Holtslag, Albert A. M. Angevine, Wayne M. Bazile, Eric de Bruijn, Evert I. F. Deacu, Daniel Edwards, John M. Ek, Michael Larson, Vincent E. Pleim, Jonathan E. Raschendorfer, Matthias Svensson, Gunilla TI The Third GABLS Intercomparison Case for Evaluation Studies of Boundary-Layer Models. Part B: Results and Process Understanding SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diurnal cycle; Evening transition; GABLS; Land-atmosphere interaction; Low-level jet; Model evaluation; Model intercomparison; Morning transition; Single-column models; Stable boundary layer ID STABLY STRATIFIED CONDITIONS; OBSERVED EVENING TRANSITION; NONLOCAL CLOSURE-MODEL; LOW-LEVEL JETS; LAND-SURFACE; MORNING TRANSITION; VERTICAL DIFFUSION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; ENERGY-BALANCE; ECMWF MODEL AB We describe and analyze the results of the third global energy and water cycle experiment atmospheric boundary layer Study intercomparison and evaluation study for single-column models. Each of the nineteen participating models was operated with its own physics package, including land-surface, radiation and turbulent mixing schemes, for a full diurnal cycle selected from the Cabauw observatory archive. By carefully prescribing the temporal evolution of the forcings on the vertical column, the models could be evaluated against observations. We focus on the gross features of the stable boundary layer (SBL), such as the onset of evening momentum decoupling, the 2-m minimum temperature, the evolution of the inertial oscillation and the morning transition. New process diagrams are introduced to interpret the variety of model results and the relative importance of processes in the SBL; the diagrams include the results of a number of sensitivity runs performed with one of the models. The models are characterized in terms of thermal coupling to the soil, longwave radiation and turbulent mixing. It is shown that differences in longwave radiation schemes among the models have only a small effect on the simulations; however, there are significant variations in downward radiation due to different boundary-layer profiles of temperature and humidity. The differences in modelled thermal coupling to the land surface are large and explain most of the variations in 2-m air temperature and longwave incoming radiation among models. Models with strong turbulent mixing overestimate the boundary-layer height, underestimate the wind speed at 200 m, and give a relatively large downward sensible heat flux. The result is that 2-m air temperature is relatively insensitive to turbulent mixing intensity. Evening transition times spread 1.5 h around the observed time of transition, with later transitions for models with coarse resolution. Time of onset in the morning transition spreads 2 h around the observed transition time. With this case, the morning transition appeared to be difficult to study, no relation could be found between the studied processes, and the variation in the time of the morning transition among the models. C1 [Bosveld, Fred C.; Baas, Peter; de Bruijn, Evert I. F.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Steeneveld, Gert-Jan; Holtslag, Albert A. M.] Wageningen Univ, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. [Angevine, Wayne M.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bazile, Eric] Meteo France, Toulouse, France. [Deacu, Daniel] Environm Canada, Gatineau, PQ, Canada. [Edwards, John M.] MetOffice, Exeter, Devon, England. [Ek, Michael] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Washington, DC USA. [Larson, Vincent E.] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Pleim, Jonathan E.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Raschendorfer, Matthias] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany. [Svensson, Gunilla] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Svensson, Gunilla] Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Bosveld, FC (reprint author), Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, POB 201, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. EM fred.bosveld@knmi.nl RI Steeneveld, Gert-Jan/B-2816-2010; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017; Holtslag, Albert/B-7842-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Steeneveld, Gert-Jan/0000-0002-5922-8179; Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082; Holtslag, Albert/0000-0003-0995-2481; FU BSIK-ME2 research program (Climate changes spatial planning); NWO [863.10.010] FX Ayrton Zadra of GEM, Joshua Fasching of Wisconsin University, Frank Freedman of NCEP, Juergen Helmert of DWD and Florence Bocquet then at Stockholm University are acknowledged for contributing to the simulations. Jocelyn Mailhot of GEM is acknowledged for valuable comments on the paper. G. J. Steeneveld acknowledges financial support from the BSIK-ME2 research program (Climate changes spatial planning) and from NWO contract 863.10.010. NR 93 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 EI 1573-1472 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 152 IS 2 SI SI BP 157 EP 187 DI 10.1007/s10546-014-9919-1 PG 31 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN2JC UT WOS:000340409900003 ER PT J AU Gast, RJ McKie-Krisberg, ZM Fay, SA Rose, JM Sanders, RW AF Gast, Rebecca J. McKie-Krisberg, Zaid M. Fay, Scott A. Rose, Julie M. Sanders, Robert W. TI Antarctic mixotrophic protist abundances by microscopy and molecular methods SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microbial food web; protistan grazing; quantitative PCR ID RED-TIDE ALGAE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; PREY CONCENTRATION; SEASONAL PATTERNS; WEDDELL SEA; ROSS-SEA; BACTERIVORY; PHYTOPLANKTON; COMMUNITY; NANOPLANKTON AB Protists are traditionally described as either phototrophic or heterotrophic, but studies have indicated that mixotrophic species, organisms that combine both strategies, can have significant impacts on prey populations in marine microbial food webs. While estimates of active mixotroph abundances in environmental samples are determined microscopically by fluorescent particle ingestion, species identification is difficult. We developed SYBR-based qPCR strategies for three Antarctic algal species that we identified as mixotrophic. This method and traditional ingestion experiments were applied to determine the total mixotroph abundance in Antarctic water samples, to ascertain the abundance of known mixotrophic species, and to identify environmental variables that impact the distribution and abundance of these species. Despite differences in sampling locations and years, mixotroph distribution was strongly influenced by season. Environmental variables that best explained variation in the individual mixotroph species abundances included temperature, oxygen, date, fluorescence, conductivity, and latitude. Phosphate was identified as an additional explanatory variable when nutrients were included in the analysis. Utilizing culture-based grazing rates and qPCR abundances, the estimated summed impact on bacterial populations by the three mixotrophs was usually < 2% of the overall mixotrophic grazing, but in one sample, Pyramimonas was estimated to contribute up to 80% of mixotrophic grazing. C1 [Gast, Rebecca J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [McKie-Krisberg, Zaid M.; Fay, Scott A.; Sanders, Robert W.] Temple Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Rose, Julie M.] NOAA Fisheries, Milford Lab, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT USA. RP Gast, RJ (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM rgast@whoi.edu RI Sanders, Robert/C-1116-2011; OI Sanders, Robert/0000-0001-7264-1059; Gast, Rebecca J/0000-0003-3875-3975 FU National Science Foundation [OPP-0838955, OPP-0838847] FX We gratefully acknowledge the captains and crews of Nathanial B. Palmer for logistical support, Elizabeth Halliday for assistance during the cruise, and N. Daugbjerg for assistance with identifying species with transmission electron microscopy. This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grants OPP-0838955 (R.J.G.) and OPP-0838847 (R.W.S.). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The authors state that they have no potential conflict of interests to declare. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0168-6496 EI 1574-6941 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 89 IS 2 SI SI BP 388 EP 401 DI 10.1111/1574-6941.12334 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA AN4CM UT WOS:000340535200015 PM 24689998 ER PT J AU Williams, DF Schmuckle, FJ Doerner, R Phung, GN Arz, U Heinrich, W AF Williams, Dylan F. Schmueckle, Franz-Josef Doerner, Ralf Gia Ngoc Phung Arz, Uwe Heinrich, Wolfgang TI Crosstalk Corrections for Coplanar-Waveguide Scattering-Parameter Calibrations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Calibration; coplanar waveguide (CPW); crosstalk; scattering parameters; uncertainty analysis; vector network analyzer (VNA) ID ALGORITHM AB We study crosstalk and crosstalk corrections in coplanar-waveguide vector-network-analyzer calibrations. We show that while crosstalk corrections can improve measurement accuracy, the effectiveness of the corrections depends on a number of factors, including the length of the access lines, transverse dimensions, the separation between the crosstalk standards, and the substrate configuration. C1 [Williams, Dylan F.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schmueckle, Franz-Josef; Doerner, Ralf; Gia Ngoc Phung; Heinrich, Wolfgang] Ferdinand Braun Inst, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Arz, Uwe] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Williams, DF (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dylan@boulder.nist.gov NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 62 IS 8 BP 1748 EP 1761 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2014.2331623 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AN5GR UT WOS:000340619200020 ER PT J AU Shantz, NC Gultepe, I Andrews, E Zelenyuk, A Earle, ME Macdonald, AM Liu, PSK Leaitch, WR AF Shantz, N. C. Gultepe, I. Andrews, E. Zelenyuk, A. Earle, M. E. Macdonald, A. M. Liu, P. S. K. Leaitch, W. R. TI Optical, physical, and chemical properties of springtime aerosol over Barrow Alaska in 2008 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arctic aerosols; stratified layers; biomass burning plumes ID LONG-TERM TRENDS; LIGHT-ABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS; BIOMASS BURNING PARTICLES; FILTER-BASED MEASUREMENTS; IN-SITU CHARACTERIZATION; BLACK CARBON; ARCTIC HAZE; SIZE-DISTRIBUTION; AIR-POLLUTION; SPLAT II AB Airborne observations from four flights during the 2008 Indirect and Semi-Direct Aerosol Campaign (ISDAC) are used to examine some cloud-free optical, physical, and chemical properties of aerosol particles in the springtime Arctic troposphere. The number concentrations of particles larger than 0.12 mu m (N-a>120), important for light extinction and cloud droplet formation, ranged from 15 to 2260 cm(-3), with the higher N-a>120 cases dominated by measurements from two flights of long-range transported biomass burning (BB) aerosols. The two other flights examined here document a relatively clean aerosol and an Arctic Haze aerosol impacted by larger particles largely composed of dust. For observations from the cleaner case and the BB cases, the particle light scattering coefficients at low relative humidity (RH<20%) increased nonlinearly with increasing N-a>120, driven mostly by an increase in mean sizes of particles with increasing N-a>120 (BB cases). For those three cases, particle light absorption coefficients also increased nonlinearly with increasing N-a>120 and linearly with increasing submicron particle volume concentration. In addition to black carbon, brown carbon was estimated to have increased light absorption coefficients by 27% (450 nm wavelength) and 14% (550 nm) in the BB cases. For the case with strong dust influence, the absorption relative to submicron particle volume was small compared with the other cases. There was a slight gradient of Passive Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer Probe (PCASP) mean volume diameter (MVD) towards smaller sizes with increasing height, which suggests more scavenging of the more elevated particles, consistent with a typically longer lifetime of particles higher in the atmosphere. However, in approximately 10% of the cases, the MVD increased (>0.4 mu m) with increasing altitude, suggesting transport of larger fine particle mass (possibly coarse particle mass) at high levels over the Arctic. This may be because of transport of larger particles at higher elevations and relatively slow deposition to the surface. C1 [Shantz, N. C.; Gultepe, I.; Earle, M. E.; Macdonald, A. M.; Liu, P. S. K.; Leaitch, W. R.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Andrews, E.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Andrews, E.] NOAA, ESRL, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Zelenyuk, A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Earle, M. E.] Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Dartmouth, NS, Canada. RP Shantz, NC (reprint author), Airzone One Ltd, 222 Matheson Blvd E, Mississauga, ON L4Z 1X1, Canada. EM nshantz@airzoneone.com FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER64554]; U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division; European fog initiative project office [COST-722]; DOE's OBER at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); U.S. DOE [DE-AC06-76RL0 1830] FX The authors thank G. McFarquhar, S. Ghan, W. Strapp, A. Korolev, M. Couture, J. Ogren, M. Wasey, R. Reed, K. Sung, S. Cober, and the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada piloting and technical staff. Funding for this work was provided by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy (Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER64554) through the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program and the ARM Aerial Vehicle Program with contributions from the DOE Atmospheric Sciences Program (ASP), and Environment Canada. Data were obtained from the ARM Program archive, sponsored by the U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division. Some additional funding was also provided by the European COST-722 fog initiative project office. SPLAT II was developed with the support of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences and the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the DOE's OBER at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated by the U.S. DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract No. DE-AC06-76RL0 1830. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 34 IS 10 BP 3125 EP 3138 DI 10.1002/joc.3898 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN1QY UT WOS:000340359900009 ER PT J AU Andersen, KH Barker, JG AF Andersen, Ken H. Barker, John G. TI Promising times for neutron scattering SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Andersen, Ken H.] European Spallat Source ESS AB, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Barker, John G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Andersen, KH (reprint author), European Spallat Source ESS AB, POB 176, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 EI 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 47 BP 1163 EP 1164 DI 10.1107/S1600576714017233 PN 4 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA AN1RT UT WOS:000340362000001 ER PT J AU Heller, WT Urban, VS Lynn, GW Weiss, KL O'Neill, HM Pingali, SV Qian, S Littrell, KC Melnichenko, YB Buchanan, MV Selby, DL Wignall, GD Butler, PD Myles, DA AF Heller, William T. Urban, Volker S. Lynn, Gary W. Weiss, Kevin L. O'Neill, Hugh M. Pingali, Sai Venkatesh Qian, Shuo Littrell, Kenneth C. Melnichenko, Yuri B. Buchanan, Michelle V. Selby, Douglas L. Wignall, George D. Butler, Paul D. Myles, Dean A. TI The Bio-SANS instrument at the High Flux Isotope Reactor of Oak Ridge National Laboratory SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON; LIQUID 1-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM CHLORIDE; MACROMOLECULAR CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; SCATTERING INSTRUMENT; PROTEIN; RESOLUTION; FACILITY; TEMPERATURE; POSITIONS; CELLULOSE AB Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is a powerful tool for characterizing complex disordered materials, including biological materials. The Bio-SANS instrument of the High Flux Isotope Reactor of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is a high-flux low-background SANS instrument that is, uniquely among SANS instruments, dedicated to serving the needs of the structural biology and biomaterials communities as an open-access user facility. Here, the technical specifications and performance of the Bio-SANS are presented. Sample environments developed to address the needs of the user program of the instrument are also presented. Further, the isotopic labeling and sample preparation capabilities available in the Bio-Deuteration Laboratory for users of the Bio-SANS and other neutron scattering instruments at ORNL are described. Finally, a brief survey of research performed using the Bio-SANS is presented, which demonstrates the breadth of the research that the instrument's user community engages in. (C) 2014 International Union of Crystallography C1 [Heller, William T.; Urban, Volker S.; Weiss, Kevin L.; O'Neill, Hugh M.; Pingali, Sai Venkatesh; Qian, Shuo; Melnichenko, Yuri B.; Wignall, George D.; Myles, Dean A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lynn, Gary W.; Selby, Douglas L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Instrument & Source Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Littrell, Kenneth C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Buchanan, Michelle V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Phys Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Butler, Paul D.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Urban, VS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM urbanvs@ornl.gov RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011; Weiss, Kevin/I-4669-2013; Urban, Volker/N-5361-2015; Littrell, Kenneth/D-2106-2013; myles, dean/D-5860-2016; Buchanan, Michelle/J-1562-2016 OI O'Neill, Hugh/0000-0003-2966-5527; Weiss, Kevin/0000-0002-6486-8007; Urban, Volker/0000-0002-7962-3408; Littrell, Kenneth/0000-0003-2308-8618; Wignall, George/0000-0002-3876-3244; Pingali, Sai Venkatesh/0000-0001-7961-4176; Qian, Shuo/0000-0002-4842-828X; myles, dean/0000-0002-7693-4964; Buchanan, Michelle/0000-0002-8078-4575 FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy [FWP ERKP291]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy FX This publication is dedicated to the memory of Ralph M. Moon, a pioneer in neutron scattering techniques who built his reputation on neutron polarization analysis and studies of antiferromagnetism. In the late 1990s, he worked with John B. Hayter to develop a proposal for a major upgrade of the neutron scattering facilities at the High Flux Isotope Reactor. His reputation was an important factor in securing the investment in the future of neutron scattering at HFIR. He investigated various options for small-angle scattering instruments at the facility, and his design parameters were ultimately used for the Bio-SANS and its companion instrument the GP-SANS (Wignall et al., 2012). The authors wish to thank R. Summers, J. Wenzel and D. Armitage for assistance preparing the engineering schematics of the Bio-SANS detector, the sample cell holder of the sample tumbler and the GISANS goniometer, respectively. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory Center for Structural Molecular Biology (FWP ERKP291) is supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy and provided support for WTH, VSU, GWL, DAM, KLW, HMON, SVP and SQ. Development of the Bio-Deuteration Laboratory and some sample environment capabilities were supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy. Research at the High Flux Isotope Reactor and the Spallation Neutron Source of Oak Ridge National Laboratory was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 30 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 47 BP 1238 EP 1246 DI 10.1107/S1600576714011285 PN 4 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA AN1RT UT WOS:000340362000009 ER PT J AU Mildner, DFR AF Mildner, David F. R. TI Resolution of small-angle neutron scattering with a reflective focusing optic SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LENSES AB A small-angle neutron scattering instrument that uses a reflective focusing optic can achieve smaller values of the scattering vector, and with higher resolution, than the usual pinhole collimation. When the focusing mirror images the source onto the detector, the analytic expression for the resolution is independent of the sample area and is principally determined by the beam divergence incident on the sample, modified by the distance between the optic and the sample. The results are applied to a focusing SANS instrument with axisymmetric mirrors. C1 NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mildner, DFR (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.mildner@nist.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 EI 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 47 BP 1247 EP 1251 DI 10.1107/S1600576714011364 PN 4 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA AN1RT UT WOS:000340362000010 ER PT J AU Pintschovius, L Reznik, D Weber, F Bourges, P Parshall, D Mittal, R Chaplot, SL Heid, R Wolf, T Lamago, D Lynn, JW AF Pintschovius, Lothar Reznik, Dmitry Weber, Frank Bourges, Philippe Parshall, D. Mittal, Ranjan Chaplot, Samrath Lal Heid, Rolf Wolf, Thomas Lamago, Daniel Lynn, Jeffrey W. TI Spurious peaks arising from multiple scattering events involving the sample environment in inelastic neutron scattering SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB Well defined peaks with energies of about 18 meV have been observed in a variety of inelastic neutron scattering experiments on both single crystals and powders, using either the triple-axis or the time-of-flight technique. They can easily be mistaken for signatures of real excitations. It has been found that they are due to multiple scattering events involving primarily the walls of the sample environment. Hence, they are particularly troublesome in experiments using very small samples, as have been used with recently developed high-intensity neutron spectrometers. Measures required to reduce the unwanted scattering to a minimum are also discussed. (C) 2014 International Union of Crystallography C1 [Pintschovius, Lothar; Weber, Frank; Heid, Rolf; Wolf, Thomas; Lamago, Daniel] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Solid State Phys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Reznik, Dmitry; Parshall, D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bourges, Philippe] CEA Saclay, Lab Leon Brillouin, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Mittal, Ranjan; Chaplot, Samrath Lal] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Div Solid State Phys, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. [Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Weber, F (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Solid State Phys, PO 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM frank.weber@kit.edu RI BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012; OI REZNIK, DMITRY/0000-0001-5749-8549 FU DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science [DE-SC0006939]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy FX The authors thank R. Osborn and S. Rosenkranz for helpful discussions and for making their raw data [of Castellan et al. (2011)] available. DP and DR were supported by the DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science (contract No. DE-SC0006939). The research at ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 EI 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 47 BP 1472 EP 1476 DI 10.1107/S1600576714010140 PN 4 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA AN1RT UT WOS:000340362000039 ER PT J AU Newsom, RK Berg, LK Pekour, M Fast, J Xu, Q Zhang, PF Yang, Q Shaw, WJ Flaherty, J AF Newsom, Rob K. Berg, Larry K. Pekour, Mikhail Fast, Jerome Xu, Qin Zhang, Pengfei Yang, Qing Shaw, William J. Flaherty, Julia TI Evaluation of Single-Doppler Radar Wind Retrievals in Flat and Complex Terrain SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ERROR COVARIANCE FUNCTIONS; QUALITY-CONTROL; DATA ASSIMILATION; MIGRATING BIRDS; PHOENIX-II; VELOCITY; SYSTEM; FACILITY; WSR-88D; 3DVAR AB The accuracy of winds derived from Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) level-II data is assessed by comparison with independent observations from 915-MHz radar wind profilers. The evaluation is carried out at two locations with very different terrain characteristics. One site is located in an area of complex terrain within the State Line Wind Energy Center in northeastern Oregon. The other site is located in an area of flat terrain on the east-central Florida coast. The National Severe Storm Laboratory's two-dimensional variational data assimilation (2DVar) algorithm is used to retrieve wind fields from the KPDT (Pendleton, Oregon) and KMLB (Melbourne, Florida) NEXRAD radars. Wind speed correlations at most observation height levels fell in the range from 0.7 to 0.8, indicating that the retrieved winds followed temporal fluctuations in the profiler-observed winds reasonably well. The retrieved winds, however, consistently exhibited slow biases in the range of 1-2 m s(-1). Wind speed difference distributions were broad, with standard deviations in the range from 3 to 4 m s(-1). Results from the Florida site showed little change in the wind speed correlations and difference standard deviations with altitude between about 300 and 1400 m AGL. Over this same height range, results from the Oregon site showed a monotonic increase in the wind speed correlation and a monotonic decrease in the wind speed difference standard deviation with increasing altitude. The poorest overall agreement occurred at the lowest observable level (similar to 300 m AGL) at the Oregon site, where the effects of the complex terrain were greatest. C1 [Newsom, Rob K.; Berg, Larry K.; Pekour, Mikhail; Fast, Jerome; Yang, Qing; Shaw, William J.; Flaherty, Julia] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Xu, Qin] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Zhang, Pengfei] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Newsom, RK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MSIN K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rob.newsom@pnnl.gov RI Berg, Larry/A-7468-2016; OI Berg, Larry/0000-0002-3362-9492; Shaw, William/0000-0002-9979-1089 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; DOE [DE-AC06-76RL0 1830] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy and made use of instrumentation provided by the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research Atmospheric Radiation Measurement. Program. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the DOE under Contract DE-AC06-76RL0 1830. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 53 IS 8 BP 1920 EP 1931 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0297.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN3TS UT WOS:000340512200005 ER PT J AU Lindsey, DT Grasso, L Dostalek, JF Kerkmann, J AF Lindsey, Daniel T. Grasso, Louie Dostalek, John F. Kerkmann, Jochen TI Use of the GOES-R Split-Window Difference to Diagnose Deepening Low-Level Water Vapor SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BASE-LINE IMAGER; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; SOUNDER; MSG; GENERATION; PRODUCT; FIELDS AB The depth of boundary layer water vapor plays a critical role in convective cloud formation in the warm season, but numerical models often struggle with accurate predictions of above-surface moisture. Satellite retrievals of water vapor have been developed, but they are limited by the use of a model's first guess, instrument spectral resolution, horizontal footprint size, and vertical resolution. In 2016, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R (GOES-R), the first in a series of new-generation geostationary satellites, will be launched. Its Advanced Baseline Imager will provide unprecedented spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution. Among the bands are two centered at 10.35 and 12.3 mu m. The brightness temperature difference between these bands is referred to as the split-window difference, and has been shown to provide information about atmospheric column water vapor. In this paper, the split-window difference is reexamined from the perspective of GOES-R and radiative transfer model simulations are used to better understand the factors controlling its value. It is shown that the simple split-window difference can provide useful information for forecasters about deepening low-level water vapor in a cloud-free environment. C1 [Lindsey, Daniel T.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Grasso, Louie; Dostalek, John F.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kerkmann, Jochen] EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany. RP Lindsey, DT (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, CIRA, 1375 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM dan.lindsey@noaa.gov RI Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010 OI Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA090AR4320074]; GOES-R Risk Reduction program FX This material is based on work supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant NA090AR4320074, as well as the GOES-R Risk Reduction program. The authors thank Mat Gunshor from CIMSS for help with Fig. 1, Mark DeMaria for providing a very useful review, and helpful comments from three anonymous reviewers. The views, opinions, and findings in this report are those of the authors, and should not be construed as an official NOAA and or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 53 IS 8 BP 2005 EP 2016 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0010.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN3TS UT WOS:000340512200011 ER PT J AU Press, YK McBride, RS Wuenschel, MJ AF Press, Y. K. McBride, R. S. Wuenschel, M. J. TI Time course of oocyte development in winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus and spawning seasonality for the Gulf of Maine, Georges Bank and southern New England stocks SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE north-east USA; oogenesis; Pleuronectidae; reproduction ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; PLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; POSTOVULATORY FOLLICLES; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MATURATION TIME; FISHES; GROWTH AB Winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus were collected at monthly intervals from December 2009 to May 2011, to describe the pattern and seasonality of oocyte development, including: (1) the group-synchronous transition from primary to secondary oocytes that initiates immediately after spawning, (2) the slow (months) development of vitellogenic oocytes followed by the rapid (weeks) maturation of oocytes, (3) the synchronous nature of mature oocytes ovulating, but the discrete releases of benthic eggs in batches, (4) the protracted (months) degradation of postovulatory follicles and (5) the occurrence of follicular atresia. Although fish were collected across only c. 2 degrees latitudinal range, the spawning season was c. 1 month later in the Gulf of Maine (GOM) than on Georges Bank and in southern New England. This is probably due to lower temperatures in the GOM. These stock-specific data regarding the time course of oogenesis are of practical value. This information is discussed in relation to measuring and interpreting elements of reproductive potential such as maturation, skipped spawning and fecundity, the response of reproductive traits by this widely distributed species to changing climate and the response by this common, marine-estuarine species to urbanization, particularly environmental pollutants and dredging. Published 2014. This article is a U. S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Press, Y. K.] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [McBride, R. S.; Wuenschel, M. J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP McBride, RS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Richard.McBride@noaa.gov RI McBride, Richard/C-2818-2012 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC); Northeast Cooperative Research Programme (NCRP); COST Action [FA0601] FX This study was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC) and Northeast Cooperative Research Programme (NCRP). Most samples were provided by the NCRP's Study Fleet, and we appreciate the work of all the Study Fleet staff and especially the participating fishermen. Supplemental samples were obtained from NCRP industry-based research projects, the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries (MADMF) biannual trawl survey and the University of Rhode Island (URI), Graduate School of Oceanography biweekly trawl survey. We thank all the staff members of these various programmes and in particular: J. Hoey (NEFSC-NCRP), J. King (MADMF), J. Moser and M. Ball (NEFSC-Study Fleet), R. Johnston (NEFSC-NCRP) and J. Collie and A. Malek (URI). A special thanks to Enhanced Biological Sampling of Flatfish colleagues W. D. McElroy and E. Towle for sample collection, histology processing and comments on earlier drafts. In addition, we thank G. Fitzhugh, J. Pereira and M. Winton for comments on earlier drafts, and J. O'Neil (NEFSC) for developing a data entry and management system specific to this project. Finally, we acknowledge Mass Histology Service, Inc. (http://www.masshistology.com/), for meeting our needs when processing gonad tissue samples, and the North Atlantic Fisheries Organization's Working Group on Reproductive Potential, particularly under the auspices of the COST Action FA0601, for sharing information about interpreting gonad histology. NR 74 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 85 IS 2 BP 421 EP 445 DI 10.1111/jfb.12431 PG 25 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN2DK UT WOS:000340393800016 PM 24942788 ER PT J AU Kihm, KD Hight, B Kirchoff, E Yi, H Rosenfeld, J Rawal, S Hussey, D Jacobson, D Bilheux, H Walker, L Voisin, S Pratt, D Swanson, A AF Kihm, K. D. Hight, B. Kirchoff, E. Yi, H. Rosenfeld, J. Rawal, S. Hussey, D. Jacobson, D. Bilheux, H. Walker, L. Voisin, S. Pratt, D. Swanson, A. TI Neutron Tomography of Lithium (Li) Coolant inside a Niobium (Nb) Heat Pipe SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kihm, K. D.; Hight, B.; Kirchoff, E.; Yi, H.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Rosenfeld, J.] Thermacore Inc, Lancaster, PA USA. [Rawal, S.] Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Denver, CO USA. [Hussey, D.; Jacobson, D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bilheux, H.; Walker, L.; Voisin, S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Pratt, D.; Swanson, A.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Kihm, KD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Bilheux, Hassina/H-4289-2012 OI Bilheux, Hassina/0000-0001-8574-2449 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 EI 1528-8943 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2014 VL 136 IS 8 AR 080903 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA AN2RQ UT WOS:000340433400004 ER PT J AU Nagano, A Uehara, K Suga, T Kawai, Y Ichikawa, H Cronin, MF AF Nagano, Akira Uehara, Kazuyuki Suga, Toshio Kawai, Yoshimi Ichikawa, Hiroshi Cronin, Meghan F. TI Origin of near-surface high-salinity water observed in the Kuroshio Extension region SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Kuroshio Extension; Salinity; Sea surface buoy; Argo float; KEO; JKEO ID SUBTROPICAL MODE WATER; NORTH PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; GYRE AB Hydrographic data in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region from 2008 to 2010 show large year-to-year variability in near-surface salinity, including a very large anomalous event in February 2010. During this event, the deep winter mixed layer in the southern KE region had higher salinity than had existed during the previous summer in September 2009. Our analysis shows that advection from the Philippine Sea along the western branch of the North Pacific subtropical gyre, taking approximately 9 months, resulted in this large salinity anomaly in February 2010 and contributes to the interannual salinity variability in the southern KE region. C1 [Nagano, Akira; Suga, Toshio; Kawai, Yoshimi; Ichikawa, Hiroshi] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res & Dev Ctr Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Uehara, Kazuyuki] Tokai Univ, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Shimizu Ku, Shimizu, Shizuoka 4248610, Japan. [Suga, Toshio] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Nagano, A (reprint author), Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res & Dev Ctr Global Change, 2-15 Natsushimacho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. EM nagano@jamstec.go.jp RI Ichikawa, Hiroshi/A-9523-2010; Suga, Toshio/C-2708-2009 OI Ichikawa, Hiroshi/0000-0001-6576-0455; FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) [22106007] FX The authors thank the captains, crew, technicians, and scientists for collecting ship data on board the R/V Kaiyo, R/V Mirai, and R/V Syoyo-maru (cruise numbers: MR08-03, MR09-04, MR10-01 leg 2, MR10-06, KY09-07, and SY08-04), for the observations by KEO and K-TRITON (JKEO) buoy systems, and for special efforts by Drs. K. Matsumoto, M. Honda, and Y. Kashino. The authors also thank Drs. M. Konda, S. Hosoda, and T. Hasegawa for their helpful comments. Thanks are extended to anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This work was partly supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (22106007). NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0916-8370 EI 1573-868X J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 70 IS 4 BP 389 EP 403 DI 10.1007/s10872-014-0237-5 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AN3KZ UT WOS:000340488200006 ER PT J AU McDougall, TJ Groeskamp, S Griffies, SM AF McDougall, Trevor J. Groeskamp, Sjoerd Griffies, Stephen M. TI On Geometrical Aspects of Interior Ocean Mixing SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL DENSITY; CIRCULATION; CONVERSION; TURBULENCE; SURFACES; VELOCITY; TRACER; MODELS AB The small-slope approximation to the full three-dimensional diffusion tensor of epineutral diffusion gives exactly the same tracer flux as the commonly used projected nonorthogonal diffusive flux of layered ocean models and of theoretical studies. The epineutral diffusion achieved by this small-slope approximation is not exactly in the direction of the correct epineutral tracer gradient. That is, the use of the small-slope approximation leads to a very small flux of tracer in a direction in which there is no epineutral gradient of tracer. For (the tracer) temperature or salinity, the difference between the correct epineutral gradient and the small-slope approximation to it is proportional to neutral helicity. The authors also make the point that small-scale turbulent mixing processes act to diffuse tracers isotropically (i.e., the same in each spatial direction) and hence it is strictly a misnomer to call this process "dianeutral diffusion" or "vertical diffusion." This realization also has implications for the diffusion tensor. C1 [McDougall, Trevor J.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Math & Stat, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Groeskamp, Sjoerd] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Groeskamp, Sjoerd] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Griffies, Stephen M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP McDougall, TJ (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Math & Stat, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM trevor.mcdougall@unsw.edu.au NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 2164 EP 2175 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-13-0270.1 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AN1NE UT WOS:000340349800012 ER PT J AU Martini, KI Simmons, HL Stoudt, CA Hutchings, JK AF Martini, Kim I. Simmons, Harper L. Stoudt, Chase A. Hutchings, Jennifer K. TI Near-Inertial Internal Waves and Sea Ice in the Beaufort Sea SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC-OCEAN; PACK ICE; YERMAK PLATEAU; MIXED-LAYER; ENERGY FLUX; PROPAGATION; WIND; VARIABILITY; GENERATION; MOTIONS AB The evolution of the near-inertial internal wavefield from ice-free summertime conditions to ice-covered wintertime conditions is examined using data from a yearlong deployment of six moorings on the Beaufort continental slope from August 2008 to August 2009. When ice is absent, from July to October, energy is efficiently transferred from the atmosphere to the ocean, generating near-inertial internal waves. When ice is present, from November to June, storms also cause near-inertial oscillations in the ice and mixed layer, but kinetic energy is weaker and oscillations are quickly damped. Damping is dependent on ice pack strength and morphology. Decay scales are longer in early winter (November January) when the new ice pack is weaker and more mobile, decreasing in late winter (February June) when the ice pack is stronger and more rigid. Efficiency is also reduced, as comparisons of atmospheric energy available for internal wave generation to mixed layer kinetic energies indicate that a smaller percentage of atmospheric energy is transferred to near-inertial motions when ice concentrations are >90%. However, large kinetic energies and shears are observed during an event on 16 December and spectral energy is elevated above Garrett-Munk levels, coinciding with the largest energy flux predicted during the deployment. A significant amount of near-inertial energy is episodically transferred to the internal wave band from the atmosphere even when the ocean is ice covered; however, damping by ice and less efficient energy transfer still leads to low Arctic internal wave energy in the near-inertial band. Increased kinetic energy below 300 m when ice is forming suggests some events may generate internal waves that radiate into the Arctic Ocean interior. C1 [Martini, Kim I.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Martini, Kim I.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Simmons, Harper L.; Stoudt, Chase A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Hutchings, Jennifer K.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Martini, KI (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, 3737 Brooklyn Ave NE,Box 355672, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kmartini@uw.edu FU NSF [ARC-0909432]; ONR [N00014-06-1-0728] FX Kim Martini and Chase Stoudt were supported by NSF Award ARC-0909432. Harper Simmons and Jennifer Hutchings were supported by ONR Award N00014-06-1-0728. Thanks to R. Pickart (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) for providing the Arctic winch data used to calculate mixed layer depths for the slab model and ADCP from moorings BS3 and BS4. S. Okkonen (University of Alaska) provided ADCP data for mooring A4. We thank Matthew Alford for his comments on the experimental design and for his assistance in deploying the moorings. The authors also thank two anonymous reviewers for providing reviews that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 2212 EP 2234 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-13-0160.1 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AN1NE UT WOS:000340349800015 ER PT J AU Chang, YL Oey, LY AF Chang, Y. -L. Oey, L. -Y. TI Instability of the North Pacific subtropical countercurrent (vol 44, pg 818, 2014) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Correction C1 [Chang, Y. -L.] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Taipei, Taiwan. [Oey, L. -Y.] Natl Cent Univ, Zhongli, Taiwan. [Oey, L. -Y.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Oey, LY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 300 Forrestal Rd,114 Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM lyo@princeton.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 2248 EP 2248 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-14-0090.1 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AN1NE UT WOS:000340349800017 ER PT J AU Ettema, TJG Lindas, AC Hjort, K Poplawski, AB Kaessmann, H Grogan, DW Kelman, Z Andersson, AF Pelve, E Lundgren, M Svard, SG AF Ettema, Thijs J. G. Lindas, Ann-Christin Hjort, Karin Poplawski, Andrzej B. Kaessmann, Henrik Grogan, Dennis W. Kelman, Zvi Andersson, Anders F. Pelve, Erik Lundgren, Magnus Svard, Staffan G. TI Rolf Bernander (1956-2014): pioneer of the archaeal cell cycle (vol 92, pg 903, 2014) SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction ID ESCRT; CYTOKINESIS; MACHINERY; DIVISION C1 [Ettema, Thijs J. G.; Lundgren, Magnus; Svard, Staffan G.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Sci Life Lab, Uppsala, Sweden. [Lindas, Ann-Christin] Stockholm Univ, Wenner Gren Inst, Dept Mol Biosci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Hjort, Karin] Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Biochem & Microbiol, Uppsala, Sweden. [Poplawski, Andrzej B.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Genet, Birmingham, AL USA. [Kaessmann, Henrik] Univ Lausanne, Ctr Integrat Genom, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Kaessmann, Henrik] Swiss Inst Bioinformat, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Grogan, Dennis W.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Kelman, Zvi] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA. [Kelman, Zvi] NIST, Rockville, MD USA. [Andersson, Anders F.] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Sci Life Lab, Sch Biotechnol, Div Gene Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Pelve, Erik] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Ettema, TJG (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Sci Life Lab, Uppsala, Sweden. RI Lindas, Ann-Christin/P-6706-2015; Kaessmann, Henrik/B-4989-2013 OI Lindas, Ann-Christin/0000-0002-0368-3295; NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0950-382X EI 1365-2958 J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 93 IS 3 BP 582 EP 582 DI 10.1111/mmi.12691 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA AN1VF UT WOS:000340371200015 ER PT J AU Edgington, AJ Petersen, EJ Herzing, AA Podila, R Rao, A Klaine, SJ AF Edgington, Aaron James Petersen, Elijah J. Herzing, Andrew A. Podila, Ramakrishna Rao, Apparao Klaine, Stephen J. TI Microscopic investigation of single-wall carbon nanotube uptake by Daphnia magna SO NANOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Absorption; electron microscopy; nanomaterials ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ECOLOGICAL UPTAKE; PROTEIN CORONA; RAINBOW-TROUT; TOXICITY; BIOACCUMULATION; ECOTOXICITY; ADSORPTION; CELLS AB The objectives of this study were to determine the extent of absorption of functionalized single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) across the gut epithelial cells in Daphnia magna. Several microscopic techniques were utilized, including micro-Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and selective area diffraction (SAD). In an effort to examine the variation in uptake due to surface properties, four groups of differently functionalized SWCNTs were used: hydroxylated (OH-SWCNTs), silicon dioxide (SiO2-SWCNTs), poly aminobenzenesulfonic acid (PABS-SWCNTs) and polyethylene glycol (PEG-SWCNTs). Raman spectroscopy was able to detect OH-SWCNTs within the gut, but lacked the spatial resolution that is needed to identify lower concentrations of SWCNTs that may have been absorbed by body tissues. Initially, low-magnification imaging of exposed D. magna sections in the TEM revealed several features, which suggested absorption of SWCNTs. However, subsequent analysis with additional techniques (HRTEM, X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy and SAD) indicated that these features were either artifacts produced via the specimen staining process or consisted of non-graphitic, organic structures. This latter observation emphasizes the inherent difficulty in resolving SWCNTs embedded within a complex, organic matrix, as well as the care with which imaging results must be interpreted and supplemented with other, more analytical techniques. C1 [Edgington, Aaron James; Klaine, Stephen J.] Clemson Univ, Inst Environm Toxicol, Pendleton, SC USA. [Petersen, Elijah J.; Herzing, Andrew A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Podila, Ramakrishna; Rao, Apparao] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Edgington, AJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Aquat Toxicol Lab, 33972 Texas St SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. EM aaron.edgington@oregonstate.edu RI Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's STAR program [R833886, R834092] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's STAR program grant numbers R833886 and R834092. NR 41 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 57 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1743-5390 EI 1743-5404 J9 NANOTOXICOLOGY JI Nanotoxicology PD AUG PY 2014 VL 8 SU 1 BP 2 EP 10 DI 10.3109/17435390.2013.847504 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA AN3YH UT WOS:000340524300001 PM 24350828 ER PT J AU Schwietzke, S Griffin, WM Matthews, HS Bruhwiler, LMP AF Schwietzke, Stefan Griffin, W. Michael Matthews, H. Scott Bruhwiler, Lori M. P. TI Global Bottom-Up Fossil Fuel Fugitive Methane and Ethane Emissions Inventory for Atmospheric Modeling SO ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Natural gas; Methane; Life cycle assessments; Fossil fuels; Atmospheric modeling ID NATURAL-GAS; UNITED-STATES; UNCERTAINTY; FOOTPRINT; DECADES; SYSTEMS; CH4 AB Natural gas (NG)-related fugitive methane (CH4) emissions estimates from life cycle assessments (LCA) and local field measurements are highly uncertain. Globally distributed long-term atmospheric measurements and top-down modeling can help understand whether LCA and field studies are representative of the global industry average. Attributing sources, such as the NG industry, to global total top-down emissions estimates requires detailed and transparent global a priori bottom-up emissions inventories. Establishing an a priori bottom-up inventory as a tool for top-down modeling is the focus of this work, which extends existing fossil fuel (FF) inventories over the past three decades: (i) It includes ethane (C2H6) emissions, which is a convenient FF tracer gas given available global C2H6 observations. (ii) Fuel specific CH4 and C2H6 emissions uncertainties are quantified. (iii) NG CH4 and C2H6 emissions are estimated for different fugitive emissions rate (FER; % of dry production) scenarios as a basis for quantifying global average FER top-down. While our global oil and coal CH4 estimates coincide well with EDGAR v4.2 for most years, country-level emissions vary substantially, and coal emissions increase at a lower rate over the past decade. Global emissions grid maps are presented for use in top-down modeling. C1 [Schwietzke, Stefan; Griffin, W. Michael; Matthews, H. Scott] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Engn & Publ Policy, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Griffin, W. Michael] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Tepper Sch Business, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Matthews, H. Scott] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Schwietzke, Stefan; Bruhwiler, Lori M. P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Schwietzke, S (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway GMD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM stefan.schwietzke@noaa.gov RI Griffin, William/M-2943-2014; OI Griffin, William/0000-0002-1709-4280; SCHWIETZKE, STEFAN/0000-0002-1836-8968 FU Climate and Energy Decision Making (CEDM) Center [SES-0949710]; ERM Foundation-North America Sustainability Fellowship FX We thank Mitchell Small for valuable comments and discussions. This research was made possible through support from the Climate and Energy Decision Making (CEDM) Center. This Center has been created through a cooperative agreement between the National Science Foundation (SES-0949710) and Carnegie Mellon University. The ERM Foundation-North America Sustainability Fellowship has provided additional funding. NR 55 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2168-0485 J9 ACS SUSTAIN CHEM ENG JI ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 2 IS 8 BP 1992 EP 2001 DI 10.1021/sc500163h PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering GA AM6NM UT WOS:000339981900009 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Carvalho, J Imhoff, JL Faria, VV Carlson, JK Burgess, GH AF Fernandez-Carvalho, Joana Imhoff, Johanna L. Faria, Vicente V. Carlson, John K. Burgess, George H. TI Status and the potential for extinction of the largetooth sawfish Pristis pristis in the Atlantic Ocean SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE conservation evaluation; endangered species; estuary; coastal; brackish; fish ID INFERRING EXTINCTION; SIGHTING RECORD; LAKE NICARAGUA; WEST-AFRICA; POPULATION; PEROTTETI; RECOVERY; THREAT AB 1. Sawfishes currently are among the most threatened elasmobranchs in the world. Only two species inhabit Atlantic waters: the largetooth sawfish (Pristis pristis) and the smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata), both having suffered dramatic declines in their ranges. 2. The goal of this study was to evaluate the status of P. pristis in the Atlantic, and estimate local extinction risk based on historical and recent occurrence records. In order to accomplish these goals, a thorough search for historical and recent records of P. pristis in the Atlantic was conducted, by reviewing scientific and popular literature, museum specimens, and contacting regional scientists from the species' historical range. 3. In total, 801 P. pristis records (1830-2009) document its occurrence in four major regions in the Atlantic: USA (n = 41), Mexico and Central America (n = 535), South America (n = 162), and West Africa (n = 48). Locality data were not available for 15 records. 4. Historical abundance centres were the Colorado-San Juan River system in Nicaragua and Costa Rica (and secondarily Lake Izabal of Guatemala), the Amazon estuary, and coastal Guinea-Bissau. 5. Currently, the species faces drastic depletion throughout its entire former range and centres of abundance. It appears to have been extirpated from several areas. The probability of extinction was highest in the USA, northern South America (Colombia to Guyane), and southern West Africa (Cameroon to Namibia). 6. Currently, the Amazon estuary appears to have the highest remaining abundance of P. pristis in the Atlantic, followed by the Colorado-San Juan River system in Nicaragua and Costa Rica and the Bissagos Archipelago in Guinea Bissau. Therefore the protection of these populations is crucial for the preservation and recovery of the species. Copyright (C) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Fernandez-Carvalho, Joana; Imhoff, Johanna L.; Burgess, George H.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Florida Program Shark Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Fernandez-Carvalho, Joana] Univ Algarve, Ctr Ciencias Mar CCMAR, P-8005139 Faro, Portugal. [Imhoff, Johanna L.] Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Faria, Vicente V.] Univ Fed Ceara, Inst Marine Sci Labomar, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Carlson, John K.] US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL USA. RP Fernandez-Carvalho, J (reprint author), Univ Algarve, Ctr Ciencias Mar, Campus Gambelas,FCT Ed 7, P-8005139 Faro, Portugal. EM jfcarvalho@ualg.pt FU National Marine Fisheries Service; FCT; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [BD 60624/2009] FX Funding to support this project was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service. During part of this study Joana Fernandez-Carvalho was supported by a grant from FCT, the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (Ref: BD 60624/2009). We appreciate the assistance provided by many friends and colleagues, especially D. Bethea, S. Norton, G. Poulakis, and T. Wiley. The hard work and patience of FPSR staff members and volunteers C. Bester, S. Buhler, C. Campbell, F. Carvalho, R. Coelho, and J. Zill is gratefully acknowledged. We thank the following curators of museum, university, and private ichthyological collections who responded to our requests for information on their sawfish holdings: A. Bentley, B. Brown, D. Catania, P. Chakrabarty, P. Charvet, M. Dressler, N. Douglas, N. Ferre, A. Harold, K. Hartel, G. Hogue, B. Kuhajda, S. LeCroy, J. MacLaine, M. McDavitt, R. Norton, C. Opitz, H. Prestridge, P. Pruvost, N. Rios, M. Rogers, J. Rosales, M. Sabaj, A. Sanderson, J. Seigel, J. Seitz, B. Seret, and J. Williams. We thank the following researchers for their valuable anecdotal accounts of P. pristis in the state or country in which they work: A. Acero (Invemar-Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Colombia), R. Burris (MS Dept of Marine Resources), J. L. Castillo-Geniz (INAPESCA, Mexico), A. O. Debrot (Carmabi Foundation, Curacao), H. Guzman (Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama), F. Gomez (Departamento de Biologia Ponteficia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia), M. G. G. Grol (Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, Radboud University, Aruba), J. Huet ("Poisson-Scie", Noe Conservation/FIBA, Guinea-Bissau), D. Matos-Caraballo (DNER Fishery Research Laboratory, Puerto Rico), M. M. Carranza (ECOSUR, Mexico), J. Nunes (Universidade Federal do Maranhao, Brazil), F. P. Amargos (CIEC, Cuba), J. C. P. Jimenez (ECOSUR, Mexico), L. Py-Daniel (INPA, Brazil), and R. Tavares (Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agricolas, Venezuela). Finally, we would like to thank the anonymous reviewers whose valuable comments greatly improved this manuscript. NR 82 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1052-7613 EI 1099-0755 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 24 IS 4 BP 478 EP 497 DI 10.1002/aqc.2394 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AN0BR UT WOS:000340247200004 ER PT J AU Swimmer, Y Campora, CE Mcnaughton, L Musyl, M Parga, M AF Swimmer, Y. Campora, C. Empey Mcnaughton, L. Musyl, M. Parga, M. TI Post-release mortality estimates of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) caught in pelagic longline fisheries based on satellite data and hooking location SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE bycatch; telemetry; post-release mortality; sea turtles ID CIRCLE HOOKS; TRACKING TURTLES; BYCATCH; MARINE; CATCH; SURVIVAL; CAPTURE; REDUCE; DEATH; OCEAN AB 1. There are few reliable estimates of post-release mortality for sea turtle species because of the many challenges and costs associated with tracking animals released at sea. In this study, the likelihood of sea turtle mortality as a result of interactions with longline fishing gear was estimated based on satellite telemetry data, such as the number of days an animal was successfully tracked, or days at liberty (DAL) and dive depth data, as well as anatomical hooking locations. 2. Pop-up satellite archival tags were deployed on 29 loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) caught by the North Pacific US-based pelagic longline fishery operating from California and Hawaii between 2002 and 2006. Loggerhead turtles were catagorized by observers as shallow-hooked (55%) if the animal was entangled in the line or the hook was in the flipper, jaw or mouth and could be removed, or deep-hooked (45%) if the hook was ingested and could not be removed. The vertical movements of turtles were used to infer potential mortalities. 3. Of the 25 tags that reported data, the DAL ranged from 3 to 243 days (mean = 68 days). The DAL was shorter (by nearly 50%) for shallow-hooked (mean = 48 days, range: 3 to 127) compared to deep-hooked turtles (mean = 94 days, range: 5 to 243), but these changes were not statistically significant (P = 0.0658). 4. Although aspects of these analyses may be considered speculative, these data provide empirical evidence to indicate that deep-hooking is not linked to shorter DAL. 5. DAL, anatomical hooking location, and gear removal were evaluated with inferences about the extent of injuries and rates of infection to estimate an overall post-release mortality rate of 28% (95% bootstrap CI: 16-52%). 6. This range of estimates is consistent with those used to shape some US fisheries management plans, suggesting that conservation goals are being achieved at the expected level and ideally striking a balance between the interests of industry and those of protected species. Copyright (C) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Swimmer, Y.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Campora, C. Empey] Biolintec Consulting LLC, Kailua, HI USA. [Mcnaughton, L.; Musyl, M.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Musyl, M.] Pelag Res Grp LLC, Honolulu, HI USA. [Parga, M.] SUBMON, Barcelona, Spain. RP Swimmer, Y (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM yonat.swimmer@noaa.gov FU University of Hawaii Pelagic Fisheries Research Program [658847]; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (NOAA, US National Marine Fisheries Service) FX We thank the fisheries observers, coordinators, vessel owners and crew involved in this project. We are also grateful to C. Boggs, L. Nakamura, D. Lau and J. Sibert for extensive technical and administrative assistance. This project was funded by the University of Hawaii Pelagic Fisheries Research Program (Grant #658847) and the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (NOAA, US National Marine Fisheries Service). All research was conducted in accordance with the protocols and handling guidelines set forth by the University of Hawaii Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC Protocol #00-037-2). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA of any of its subdivisions. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1052-7613 EI 1099-0755 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 24 IS 4 BP 498 EP 510 DI 10.1002/aqc.2396 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AN0BR UT WOS:000340247200005 ER PT J AU Balmer, BC Wells, RS Schwacke, LH Schwacke, JH Danielson, B George, RC Lane, SM Mclellan, WA Pabst, DA Sparks, K Speakman, TR Townsend, FI Zolman, ES AF Balmer, Brian C. Wells, Randall S. Schwacke, Lori H. Schwacke, John H. Danielson, Barbara George, R. Clay Lane, Suzanne M. Mclellan, William A. Pabst, D. Ann Sparks, Kate Speakman, Todd R. Townsend, Forrest I. Zolman, Eric S. TI Integrating multiple techniques to identify stock boundaries of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE bottlenose dolphin; photo-identification; ranging patterns; stock structure; telemetry; Tursiops truncatus ID NOSED DOLPHINS; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; HARBOR PORPOISES; RADIO-TRACKING; SOUTH-CAROLINA; DIVE BEHAVIOR; MOVEMENTS; PATTERNS AB 1. Under US policy, a stock is a group of animals shown to be demographically independent from other such groups. Evidence of demographic delineations for marine mammal stocks is gained primarily through genetic analysis. However, additional techniques play an important role in determining fine-scale ranging patterns that can be used to define a stock's geographic boundaries. In cases where genetic studies have not yet been performed, movement and ranging pattern data are essential in identifying a targeted geographic region for tissue sampling and genetic studies. 2. Photo-identification surveys, vessel-based radio telemetry, automated radio telemetry systems (ARTS), and satellite-linked telemetry are sampling techniques that have been used to determine common bottlenose dolphin ranging patterns and provide detailed insight into stock boundaries. The results of near simultaneous use of these sampling techniques are compared using data from a case study of bottlenose dolphins within the estuaries of southern Georgia. 3. Satellite-linked and radio telemetry were determined to be useful sampling techniques for identification of short-term ranging patterns. Satellite-linked telemetry had the second lowest cost per location ($122) and identified dolphin ranging patterns within and outside of the study area boundaries. Vessel-based radio telemetry was more costly ($195 per location) and had relatively limited tracking coverage. However, this sampling technique permitted visual observations of animal and tag condition. The combination of vessel-based radio telemetry and ARTS, which had the lowest cost per location ($34), was an effective method for determining ranging patterns of tagged individuals within and outside of the study area. 4. Photo-identification surveys, relative to satellite-linked and radio telemetry, were not as efficient for determination of targeted individuals' short-term ranging patterns and had the highest cost per location of the four sampling techniques ($292). However, photo-identification is more effective than any other technique for compiling data on large numbers of individuals within a designated study area. Photo-identification surveys are essential for long-term monitoring and provide additional insight into dolphin stock structure that cannot be determined through telemetry alone. Copyright (C) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Balmer, Brian C.; Wells, Randall S.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Balmer, Brian C.; Mclellan, William A.; Pabst, D. Ann] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Schwacke, Lori H.; Lane, Suzanne M.; Speakman, Todd R.; Zolman, Eric S.] NOAA, Ctr Human Hlth Risks, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Schwacke, John H.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Danielson, Barbara] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [George, R. Clay; Sparks, Kate] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Nongame Conservat Sect, Brunswick, GA 31520 USA. [Townsend, Forrest I.] Bayside Hosp Anim, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32547 USA. RP Balmer, BC (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. EM bbalmer@mote.org FU NOAA's Ocean and Human Health Initiative; NOAA's Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program; Chicago Zoological Society; University of North Carolina Wilmington; Georgia Dolphin Project; Georgia Department of Natural Resources FX This research was funded by NOAA's Ocean and Human Health Initiative and NOAA's Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program, with additional support provided by the Chicago Zoological Society, University of North Carolina Wilmington, The Georgia Dolphin Project, and Georgia Department of Natural Resources. We would like to thank Colin Hunter, Chris Kochanny, and the rest of the staff of SirTrack for their work in satellite-linked tag development; P. Clarke for logistical and field assistance across all sampling efforts; L. Fulford, and all of the additional participants in the NOAA health assessment; and the thoughtful insight from two anonymous reviewers. We also thank the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Little Cumberland Island, US Army Corp of Engineers, Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve, and particularly D. Hurley, for support of this research and logistical assistance. Field work was conducted under Scientific Research Permit Number 932-1905/MA-009526 issued by NOAA Fisheries, General Authorization Letter of Confirmation No. 1064 1748 and 14348, and IACUC permit numbers HQ-2009-001 and UNCW 2007-016. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1052-7613 EI 1099-0755 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 24 IS 4 BP 511 EP 521 DI 10.1002/aqc.2357 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AN0BR UT WOS:000340247200006 ER PT J AU Stewart, KR Martin, KJ Johnson, C Desjardin, N Eckert, SA Crowder, LB AF Stewart, Kelly R. Martin, Kelly J. Johnson, Chris Desjardin, Nicole Eckert, Scott A. Crowder, Larry B. TI Increased nesting, good survival and variable site fidelity for leatherback turtles in Florida, USA SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Dermochelys coriacea; Survival; Abundance; Florida; Nesting range; Clutch frequency; Site fidelity; Population size ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; ROBUST DESIGN; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; SEA-TURTLES; SELECTION; POPULATION; ECOLOGY AB Despite facing serious threats of extinction in the Eastern Pacific, the leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) appears to be thriving in the Atlantic basin based on increasing nest counts at several rookeries. In particular, Florida's nest numbers have been increasing by 10.2% per year since standardized counts began in 1979. The US Recovery Plan for leatherbacks calls for vital rates and population parameters to be determined for the three leatherback rookeries under US jurisdiction: St. Croix (USVI), Puerto Rico, and the east coast of Florida. Based on mark-recapture data gathered over eleven years, we determined important population parameters for nesting female leatherbacks at Juno Beach, one of the most densely nested beaches in Florida. Average annual survival was 88.9%. The average female nesting population size for Juno Beach is estimated at 100 +/- 41 individuals each season; statewide we expect the estimate to be higher. The average remigration interval was 2.7 +/- 1.0 years. In addition, we report observed clutch frequency (2.1 +/- 1.4 clutches/year), estimated clutch frequency (4.4 +/- 1.1 nests/year), and observed internesting period (10.2 +/- 1.3 days between nests). The probability of observing an individual female at least once during the season was 73.0%, likely due to variable site fidelity, even though sea turtles do exhibit natal homing. Using opportunistic observations at additional beaches, we found that 72 females observed nesting within the Juno Beach study area were also observed nesting outside the study area. Thirty-three individuals laid clutches both inside and outside the survey area within a single season; these nests were separated by as much as 463.5 km. Although the population in Florida is relatively small compared to other rookeries throughout the Western Atlantic, it is increasing at such a rapid pace that it has the potential to become more important regionally, thereby contributing to the abundance of leatherbacks in the Atlantic. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stewart, Kelly R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Stewart, Kelly R.] Ocean Fdn, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Martin, Kelly J.; Johnson, Chris] Loggerhead Marinelife Ctr, Juno Beach, FL 33408 USA. [Martin, Kelly J.; Johnson, Chris] Project Leatherback Inc, Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33410 USA. [Desjardin, Nicole] Ecol Associates Inc, Jensen Beach, FL 34958 USA. [Eckert, Scott A.] Wider Caribbean Sea Turtle Conservat Network WIDE, Ballwin, MO 63011 USA. [Crowder, Larry B.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Stewart, KR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Kelly.Stewart@noaa.gov FU Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund; Loggerhead Marinelife Center; Marine Turtle Grants Program (Florida License Plate Fund); National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; National Save the Sea Turtle Foundation; Oak Foundation; PADI Aware; Sigma Xi FX All work described herein was approved under Marine Turtle Permit #157 issued to C. Johnson (Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission), as well as Duke University IACUC Protocol #A157-04-05. Facility and logistics support were provided by the Loggerhead Marinelife Center at Juno Beach. This study was funded by the Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund, Loggerhead Marinelife Center, Marine Turtle Grants Program (Florida License Plate Fund), National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, National Save the Sea Turtle Foundation, Oak Foundation, PADI Aware, Sigma Xi, B. Geyer, A. Simler, personal funds and anonymous donors. For additional logistical support, equipment, housing and supplies we sincerely thank T. Coulliette (Sebastian Inlet State Park), D. Bergeron, S. Duncan, and P. Rash (John D. MacArthur Beach State Park). For field assistance we thank C. Owens, S. Bergeron, A. Luering, S. Phelan, S. Fournies, J. Marsh, J. Smith, K. Garrido, L Zimmer, J. Hill, R. Miner, R Hazelkorn, J. Pate, S. Strandlie, T. Cutt, M. Merrill, D. Thompson, and other volunteers who worked on the project from 2001 to 2011. We would like to thank the following people for reporting tagged turtles on other Florida beaches: D. Bagley, K. Rusenko, J. Wyneken, M. Koperski and P. Quincy. Additionally, we thank W. Kendall for comments and suggestions that significantly improved the quality of the analysis and manuscript as well as an anonymous reviewer and our handling editor, M. Costello. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 176 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2014.05.008 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AM9TI UT WOS:000340223500013 ER PT J AU Olsen, JL Coyer, JA Chesney, B AF Olsen, Jeanine L. Coyer, James A. Chesney, Bryant TI Numerous mitigation transplants of the eelgrass Zostera marina in southern California shuffle genetic diversity and may promote hybridization with Zostera pacifica SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Admixture; Diversity; Genetics; Hybridization; Management; Transplants ID COASTAL BAY SYSTEM; GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; CLONAL ORGANISMS; F-STATISTICS; RECOVERY; DISTANCE; DISTURBANCE; DOMINANCE AB Intensive human pressures along the southern California coast have led to >50 mitigation transplants of eelgrass over the past 30 years. We analyzed diversity and population structure of Zostera marina and Zostera pacifica at 36 locations to identify potential management units and further develop transplant guidelines. Normalized allelic diversity of Z. marina was uniformly moderate to high (4.78; 3.48-6.44) and nearly twofold higher than mainland Z. pacifica (2.70; 1.74-4.89). More than half of the Z. marina populations exhibited strongly significant inbreeding coefficients coupled with strong linkage disequilibrium attributable to transplant effects; neither attribute was found in Z. pacifica. Both species were characterized by high genotypic diversity and an absence of large clones. A Bayesian analysis of population structure suggested 6 potential management units for Z. marina and 3 for Z. pacifica; some units included disjunct locations associated with transplants. Hybridization between Z. marina and Z. pacifica Was documented at Newport Bay Entrance Channel and south San Diego Bay. The presence of two species requires management plans for each, as well as avoidance of potential transplant-induced hybridization. Although transplant admixtures elevate diversity, shuffling among locations may potentially reduce the genetic potential necessary to ensure rapid adaptation, even though overall transplant success has been successful. Given that transplants will continue (from both plants and seeds), we recommend that the current requirement for "two additional distinct donor sites" be restricted to within a management unit for small, routine mitigations and expanded to among-management units for wholesale de novo restorations. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Olsen, Jeanine L.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, Marine Benth Ecol & Evolut Grp, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands. [Coyer, James A.] Cornell Univ, Shoals Marine Lab, Portsmouth, NH 03801 USA. [Chesney, Bryant] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Habitat Conservat Div, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. RP Olsen, JL (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, Marine Benth Ecol & Evolut Grp, Postbus 11103,Nijenborgh 7, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands. EM j.l.olsen@rug.nl FU NOAA - USA via Western Regional Acquisition Division, Southwest Region, NMFS, Long Beach, CA [NFFR5400-11-04308] FX We thank Adam Obaza, Eric Chavez and the Santa Barbara Channelkeeper for the California collections: and Lydia Ladah for the Mexican collections. We also thank Jan Veldsink for technical assistance in the laboratory and Per Palsboll for discussions about linkage disequilibrium. This work was supported by NOAA - USA Grant (NFFR5400-11-04308) to JLO via the Western Regional Acquisition Division, Southwest Region, NMFS, Long Beach, CA. The views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the view of those organizations. NR 80 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 176 BP 133 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2014.05.001 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AM9TI UT WOS:000340223500015 ER PT J AU Chen, C Weir, MD Cheng, L Lin, NJ Lin-Gibson, S Chow, LC Zhou, XD Xu, HHK AF Chen, Chen Weir, Michael D. Cheng, Lei Lin, Nancy J. Lin-Gibson, Sheng Chow, Laurence C. Zhou, Xuedong Xu, Hockin H. K. TI Antibacterial activity and ion release of bonding agent containing amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Antibacterial bonding agent; Nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate; Ion release; Dental plaque microcosm biofilm; Dentin bond strength; Caries ID MONOMER DIMETHYLAMINODODECYL METHACRYLATE; STREPTOCOCCUS-MUTANS BIOFILMS; IN-SITU MODEL; QUATERNARY AMMONIUM; RESIN-COMPOSITES; DENTAL ADHESIVES; SHRINKAGE-STRESS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; CARIES-INHIBITION AB Objective. Recurrent caries at the margins is a primary reason for restoration failure. The objectives of this study were to develop bonding agent with the double benefits of antibacterial and remineralizing capabilities, to investigate the effects of NACP filler level and solution pH on Ca and P ion release from adhesive, and to examine the antibacterial and dentin bond properties. Methods. Nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) and a quaternary ammonium monomer (dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate, DMADDM) were synthesized. Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP) primer and adhesive served as control. DMADDM was incorporated into primer and adhesive at 5% by mass. NACP was incorporated into adhesive at filler mass fractions of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. A dental plaque microcosm biofilm model was used to test the antibacterial bonding agents. Calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ion releases from the cured adhesive samples were measured vs. filler level and solution pH of 7, 5.5 and 4. Results. Adding 5% DMADDM and 10-40% NACP into bonding agent, and water-aging for 28 days, did not affect dentin bond strength, compared to SBMP control at 1 day (p > 0.1). Adding DMADDM into bonding agent substantially decreased the biofilm metabolic activity and lactic acid production. Total microorganisms, total streptococci, and mutans streptococci were greatly reduced for bonding agents containing DMADDM. Increasing NACP filler level from 10% to 40% in adhesive increased the Ca and P ion release by an order of magnitude. Decreasing solution pH from 7 to 4 increased the ion release from adhesive by 6-10 folds. Signcance. Bonding agents containing antibacterial DMADDM and remineralizer NACP were formulated to have Ca and P ion release, which increased with NACP filler level from 10% to 40% in adhesive. NACP adhesive was "smart" and dramatically increased the ion release at cariogenic pH 4, when these ions would be most-needed to inhibit caries. Therefore, bonding agent containing DMADDM and NACP may be promising to inhibit biofilms and remineralize tooth lesions thereby increasing the restoration longevity. (C) 2014 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Chen; Weir, Michael D.; Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Chen, Chen; Cheng, Lei; Zhou, Xuedong] Sichuan Univ, West China Hosp Stomatol, State Key Lab Oral Dis, Chengdu 610064, Peoples R China. [Lin, Nancy J.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Biomat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chow, Laurence C.] Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Dr Anthony Volper Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Stem Cell Biol & Regenerat Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM zhouxd@scu.edu.cn; hxu@umaryland.edu FU NIH [R01 DE17974]; West China Hospital of Stomatology; University of Maryland Baltimore School of Dentistry; University of Maryland Baltimore FX We thank Drs. Fang Li, Ke Zhang and Joseph M. Antonucci for fruitful discussions. This study was supported by NIH R01 DE17974 (HX), a scholarship from the West China Hospital of Stomatology (CC), a bridge fund from the University of Maryland Baltimore School of Dentistry (HX), and a seed grant from the University of Maryland Baltimore (HX). NR 59 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 EI 1879-0097 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 30 IS 8 BP 891 EP 901 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2014.05.025 PG 11 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA AM6TQ UT WOS:000339998500015 PM 24954647 ER PT J AU Vinueza, LR Menge, BA Ruiz, D Palacios, DM AF Vinueza, Luis R. Menge, Bruce A. Ruiz, Diego Palacios, Daniel M. TI Oceanographic and climatic variation drive top-down/bottom-up coupling in the Galapagos intertidal meta-ecosystem SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE algae; bottom-up; climate; ENSO; Galapagos; herbivory; marine iguanas; oceanographic conditions; productivity; rocky shores; top-down; tropics ID EL-NINO; MARINE IGUANAS; CORAL-REEF; ROCKY-SHORE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; INTERACTION STRENGTH; SPECIES RICHNESS; AMBLYRHYNCHUS-CRISTATUS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; UPWELLING GRADIENT AB The impact of herbivores on primary producers in differing oceanographic regimes is a matter of intense ecological interest due to ongoing changes in their abundance, that of their predators, and anthropomorphic alteration of, nutrient cycles and climatic patterns. Interactions between productivity and herbivory in marine habitats have been studied on temperate rocky shores, coral reefs, mangroves, and salt marshes, but less so at tropical latitudes. To determine how herbivore-alga dynamics varied with oceanographic regime, we used the comparative-experimental approach in rocky intertidal communities on the Galapagos Islands from January 2006 to January 2009. This setting was selected because strongly contrasting oceanographic conditions occurred within a range of similar to 181 km, with significant differences in temperature, nutrients, phytoplankton productivity, and intertidal communities, and in abundance of macro-herbivores, including marine iguanas. Experiments and measurements were conducted at two sites in each of three oceanographic regimes characterized by low, intermediate, and high bottom-up inputs. At sites of low inputs, macro-herbivores (fish, crabs, iguanas) had a consistent top-down effect, reducing algal abundance, and leaving a few grazer-resistant varieties. At sites of intermediate and high inputs, consumer impacts were stronger during La Nina (cool phase) than during El Nino (warm phase). At sites of high inputs, algal biomass was naturally relatively high and was dominated by the edible algae Ulva spp. Macro-grazers reduced algal biomass, but their primary effect was indirect, as articulated corallines displaced other species of algae in their absence. Prior results from the tropics had revealed dominant effects of top-down interactions and recruitment in structuring intertidal communities. Our results suggest that, when a broader oceanographic scenario is taken into account, the relative importance of top-down and bottom-up forces are context dependent, varying with oceanographic regime and climatic variability. C1 [Vinueza, Luis R.] Univ San Francisco Quito, COCIBA Colegio Ciencias Biol & Ambientales, San Cristobal Galapagos, Ecuador. [Vinueza, Luis R.] Galapagos Sci Ctr, San Cristobal Galapagos, Ecuador. [Vinueza, Luis R.; Menge, Bruce A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ruiz, Diego] Leibniz Ctr Trop Marine Ecol ZMT, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Ruiz, Diego] Charles Darwin Fdn, Isla Santa Cruz, Galapagos, Ecuador. [Palacios, Daniel M.] NOAA, Div Environm Res, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Palacios, Daniel M.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Menge, BA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM MengeB@oregonstate.edu OI Palacios, Daniel/0000-0001-7069-7913 FU Rufford Small Grants Awards; American Academy of Underwater Sciences; Conservation Fund from the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium; Lindbergh Foundation; Cleveland Zoo Zoology Research Fund; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; Wayne and Gladys Valley Foundation FX Matt Robart, Lina Pita, Alyssa Harris, Ryan Craig, Daniel Preston, John Paul Tiernan, Mae Noble, Erin Richmond, Javier Carrion, Eduardo Sandoval, Taladrator, Robert Lamb, Mark Gardner, and many others provided invaluable assistance in the field and the laboratory. Jane Lubchenco provided vital support and advice during this research. The Charles Darwin Research Station and the Galapagos National Park provided invaluable logistical support. Thanks to Captain Lenin Cruz and the crew of the Pirata for wonderful trips and friendship as we journeyed around the archipelago among our study sites. Comments by Elizabeth Borer, Sally Hacker, Paulina Guarderas, Franz Smith, Elva Gavilanes, and three anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. This research was possible through support provided by Rufford Small Grants Awards, the American Academy of Underwater Sciences, the Conservation Fund from the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium, the Lindbergh Foundation, the Cleveland Zoo Zoology Research Fund (to L. R. Vinueza), the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation (to B. A. Menge and J. Lubchenco), and the Wayne and Gladys Valley Foundation (to B. A. Menge). NR 93 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 89 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 84 IS 3 BP 411 EP 434 DI 10.1890/13-0169.1 PG 24 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AM7XL UT WOS:000340081900003 ER PT J AU Ivic, IR Keranen, R Zrnic, DS AF Ivic, Igor R. Keranen, Reino Zrnic, Dusan S. TI Assessment of Censoring Using Coherency-Based Detectors on Dual-Polarized Weather Radar SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB In Doppler weather radars, signals may exhibit coherency in sample time, whereas noise does not. Additionally, in dual-polarized radars, samples of precipitation echo obtained in the two orthogonally polarized channels are substantially more correlated than samples of noise. Therefore, estimates of auto-and cross correlations can be used individually, collectively, and/or with power measurements to enhance detection of precipitation signals, compared to the approach that uses only power estimates from one channel. A possible advantage of using only estimates of coherency for signal detection is that the detector's performance is less sensitive to errors in noise power measurements. Hence, censoring is more likely to produce desired false alarm rates even if nonnegligible uncertainties are present in the noise power estimates. In this work these aspects are considered using real data from weather radars. Three novel censoring approaches are evaluated and compared to the censoring approach that uses only estimates of signal and noise powers. The first approach uses only cross-correlation measurements, and the second approach combines these with the lag-1 autocorrelation estimates. The third approach utilizes all estimates as in the previous two approaches in combination with power measurements from the horizontal and the vertical channels. Herein, it is shown that, when more accurate measurements of noise powers are available, the third approach produces the highest detection rates followed by the second and the first approaches. Also, it is corroborated that the first and the second approaches exhibit less sensitivity to inaccurate system noise power measurements than the third one. C1 [Ivic, Igor R.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ivic, Igor R.; Zrnic, Dusan S.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Keranen, Reino] Vaisala Oyj, Helsinki, Finland. RP Ivic, IR (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM igor.ivic@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX Funding for part of this research was provided by NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1694 EP 1703 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00074.1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM9PC UT WOS:000340212500002 ER PT J AU Tromel, S Ziegert, M Ryzhkov, AV Chwala, C Simmer, C AF Troemel, Silke Ziegert, Michael Ryzhkov, Alexander V. Chwala, Christian Simmer, Clemens TI Using Microwave Backhaul Links to Optimize the Performance of Algorithms for Rainfall Estimation and Attenuation Correction SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLARIMETRIC RADAR MEASUREMENTS; WET-ANTENNA ATTENUATION; X-BAND; PRECIPITATION; RESOLUTION; SPECTRA; GAUGES; CLM AB The variability in raindrop size distributions and attenuation effects are the two major sources of uncertainty in radar-based quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) even when dual-polarization radars are used. New methods are introduced to exploit the measurements by commercial microwave radio links to reduce the uncertainties in both attenuation correction and rainfall estimation. The ratio a of specific attenuation A and specific differential phase K-DP is the key parameter used in attenuation correction schemes and the recently introduced R(A) algorithm. It is demonstrated that the factor a can be optimized using microwave links at Ku band oriented along radar radials with an accuracy of about 20%-30%. The microwave links with arbitrary orientation can be utilized to optimize the intercepts in the R(K-DP) and R(A) relations with an accuracy of about 25%. The performance of the suggested methods is tested using the polarimetric C-band radar operated by the German Weather Service on Mount Hohenpeissenberg in southern Germany and two radially oriented Ku-band microwave links from Ericsson GmbH. C1 [Troemel, Silke] Univ Bonn, Atmospher Dynam & Predictabil Branch, Hans Ertel Ctr Weather Res, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Ziegert, Michael; Simmer, Clemens] Univ Bonn, Inst Meteorol, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Ryzhkov, Alexander V.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ryzhkov, Alexander V.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Chwala, Christian] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. RP Tromel, S (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Hugel 20, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM silke.troemel@uni-bonn.de RI Simmer, Clemens/M-4949-2013 OI Simmer, Clemens/0000-0003-3001-8642 FU BMVBS (Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development); NOAA-University of Oklahoma under the U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072]; National Science Foundation [AGS-1143948]; (Transregional Collaborative Research Centre 32) - DFG (German Research Foundation) [SFB TR32]; NOAA's NSSL; Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers [VH-VI-314] FX The research of S. Tromel was carried out in the framework of the Hans-Ertel-Centre for Weather Research (http://www.herz-tb1.uni-bonn.de/). This research network of universities, research institutes, and Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) is funded by the BMVBS (Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development). We gratefully acknowledge the support of the German Weather Service, which provided the radar data for Hohenpeissenberg. Alexander Ryzhkov was supported via funding from NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072 under the U.S. Department of Commerce and from the National Science Foundation (Grant AGS-1143948). We also acknowledge partial support by the SFB TR32 (Transregional Collaborative Research Centre 32), funded by the DFG (German Research Foundation) for Michael Ziegert and cooperation with NOAA's NSSL. The microwave link data were collected within the project "Regional Precipitation Observation by Cellular Network Microwave Attenuation and Application to Water Resources Management" (PROCEMA), funded by the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers under Grant VH-VI-314. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1748 EP 1760 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00016.1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM9PC UT WOS:000340212500006 ER PT J AU Cheng, LJ Zhu, J Cowley, R Boyer, T Wijffels, S AF Cheng, Lijing Zhu, Jiang Cowley, Rebecca Boyer, Tim Wijffels, Susan TI Time, Probe Type, and Temperature Variable Bias Corrections to Historical Expendable Bathythermograph Observations SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; FALL-RATE; XBT DATA; T-7 XBT; UPPER-OCEAN; DEPTH; PROFILES; ERROR; SIPPICAN; QUALITY AB Systematic biases in historical expendable bathythermograph (XBT) data are examined using two datasets: 4151 XBT CTD side-by-side pairs from 1967 to 2011 and 218 653 global-scale XBT CTD pairs (within one month and 1) extracted from the World Ocean Database 2009 (WOD09) from 1966 to 2010. Using the side-by-side dataset, it was found that both the pure thermal bias and the XBT fall rate (from which the depth of observation is calculated) increase with water temperature. Correlations between the terminal velocity A and deceleration B terms of the fall-rate equation (FRE) and between A and the offset from the surface terms are obtained, with A as the dominant term in XBT fall-rate behavior. To quantify the time variation of the XBT fall-rate and pure temperature biases, global-scale XBT CTD pairs are used. Based on the results from the two datasets, a new correction scheme for historical XBT data is proposed for nine independent probe-type groups. The scheme includes corrections for both temperature and depth records, which are all variable with calendar year, water temperature, and probe type. The results confirm those found in previous studies: a slowing in fall rate during the 1970s and 2000s and the large pure thermal biases during 1970-85. The performance of nine different correction schemes is compared. After the proposed corrections are applied to the XBT data in the WODO9 dataset, global ocean heat content from 1967 to 2010 is reestimated. C1 [Cheng, Lijing; Zhu, Jiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Int Ctr Climate & Environm Sci, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Cheng, Lijing] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Cowley, Rebecca; Wijffels, Susan] CSIRO, Wealth Oceans Flagship, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Cowley, Rebecca; Wijffels, Susan] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Boyer, Tim] NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Zhu, J (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, POB 9804, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM chenglij@mail.iap.ac.cn; jzhu@mail.iap.ac.cn; rebecca.cowley@csiro.au; tim.boyer@noaa.gov; susan.wijffels@csiro.au RI Cowley, Rebecca/E-4258-2013 OI Cowley, Rebecca/0000-0001-8541-3573 FU project "Structures, Variability and Climatic Impacts of Ocean Circulation and Warm Pool in the Tropical Pacific Ocean" of the National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB417404]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41075064]; Key Technologies R&D Program of China [2011BAC03B02] FX This work is supported by the project "Structures, Variability and Climatic Impacts of Ocean Circulation and Warm Pool in the Tropical Pacific Ocean" of the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant 2012CB417404), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41075064), and Key Technologies R&D Program of China (Grant 2011BAC03B02). NR 40 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1793 EP 1825 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00197.1 PG 33 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM9PC UT WOS:000340212500009 ER PT J AU Wallace, BP Schumacher, J Seminoff, JA James, MC AF Wallace, Bryan P. Schumacher, Joel Seminoff, Jeffrey A. James, Michael C. TI Biological and environmental influences on the trophic ecology of leatherback turtles in the northwest Atlantic Ocean SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSES; SEA-TURTLES; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; NITROGEN-FIXATION; LIPID EXTRACTION; N-15 INCORPORATION; CANADIAN WATERS; GLOBAL PATTERNS; MARINE TURTLES; FISH-TISSUES AB Understanding the causes and consequences of variability in trophic status is important for interpreting population dynamics and for identifying important habitats for protected species like marine turtles. In the northwest Atlantic Ocean, many leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) from distinct breeding stocks throughout the Wider Caribbean region migrate to Canadian waters seasonally to feed, but their trophic status during the migratory and breeding cycle and its implications have not yet been described. In this study, we used stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of bulk skin to characterize the trophic status of leatherbacks in Atlantic Canadian waters by identifying trophic patterns among turtles and the factors influencing those patterns. delta N-15 values of adult males and females were significantly higher than those of turtles of unknown gender (i.e., presumed to be subadults), and delta N-15 increased significantly with body size. We found no significant differences among average stable isotope values of turtles according to breeding stock origin. Significant inter-annual variation in delta N-15 among cohorts probably reflects broad-scale oceanographic variability that drives fluctuations in stable isotope values of nutrient sources transferred through several trophic positions to leatherbacks, variation in baseline isotope values among different overwintering habitats used by leatherbacks, or a combination of both. Our results demonstrate that understanding effects of demographic and physiological factors, as well as oceanographic conditions, on trophic status is key to explaining observed patterns in population dynamics and for identifying important habitats for widely distributed, long-lived species like leatherbacks. C1 [Wallace, Bryan P.] Stratus Consulting, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Wallace, Bryan P.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Schumacher, Joel; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, La Jolla, CA USA. [James, Michael C.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Populat Ecol Div, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. RP Wallace, BP (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM bwallace@stratusconsulting.com FU Canadian Wildlife Federation; Environment Canada; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Habitat Stewardship Program for Species at Risk; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (USA); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX The work was supported by Canadian Wildlife Federation, Environment Canada, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Habitat Stewardship Program for Species at Risk, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (USA), and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Fieldwork in Canada was conducted in association with the Canadian Sea Turtle Network, and in accordance with guidelines of the Canadian Council on Animal Care, with review and approval by the Dalhousie University Animal Care Committee (permit numbers 00-008, 02-053, 04-055, 06-069, 07-077, 08-077, 09-069 and 11-073) and Fisheries and Oceans Canada (license and permit numbers 2001-425, 2002-550, 2003-534, 2004-519, MAR-SA-2004-004, 2005-557, MAR-SA-2006-006, 2006-526, MARSA-2006-006, 2007-024, MAR-SA-2007-006, 2008-454, MAR-SA-2008-006, 323395, 323398, 326240 and 332697). Samples were imported into the USA over a span of 10 years under CITES permit 844694/9 and were archived in the NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center Marine Mammal and Turtle Molecular Research Sample Collection. We thank employees and volunteers of the Canadian Sea Turtle Network and members of its field research team, including D. Archibald, L. Bennett, B. Fricker, H. Fricker, K. Fricker, K. Hamelin, P. MacDonald, K. Martin, B. Mitchell, and M. Nicholson for collection and organization of samples and other data used in this study. We are grateful to Erin LaCasella (NOAA SWFSC) and D. Archibald (CSTN) for assistance with sample preparation and shipping. We thank P. Dutton, S. Roden, and K. Stewart (NOAA SWFSC) for providing critical insights on stock assignments of Canadian turtles based on distinct northwest Atlantic leatherback breeding stocks. We also thank J. Curtis at the University of Florida for conducting the mass spectrometry analyses, V. Saba and K. McMahon for helpful discussions, and K. Dodge and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments that improved the manuscript. NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 62 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 161 IS 8 BP 1711 EP 1724 DI 10.1007/s00227-014-2467-x PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AM5LQ UT WOS:000339900700002 ER PT J AU Hamill, TM AF Hamill, Thomas M. TI Performance of Operational Model Precipitation Forecast Guidance during the 2013 Colorado Front-Range Floods SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WARM-SEASON; RAINFALL; SYSTEMS AB During the period 9-16 September 2013, more than 17 in. (similar to 432 mm) of rainfall fell over parts of Boulder County, Colorado, with more than 8 in. (similar to 203 mm) over a wide swath of Colorado's northern Front Range. This caused significant flash and river flooding, loss of life, and extensive property damage. The event set a record for daily rainfall (9.08 in., or >230 mm) in Boulder that was nearly double the previous daily rainfall record of 4.8 in. (122 mm) set on 31 July 1919. The operational performance of precipitation forecast guidance from global ensemble prediction systems and the National Weather Service's global and regional forecast systems during this event is documented briefly in the article and more extensively in online supplemental appendixes. While the precipitation forecast guidance uniformly depicted a much wetter-than-average period over northeastern Colorado, none of the global nor most of the regional modeling systems predicted precipitation amounts as heavy as analyzed. Notable exceptions to this were the Short-Range Ensemble Forecast (SREF) members that used the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting Model (ARW-WRF) dynamical core. These members consistently produced record rainfall in the Front Range. However, the SREF's record rainfall was also predicted to occur the day before the heaviest actual precipitation as well as the day of the heaviest precipitation. C1 NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hamill, TM (reprint author), NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, R PSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tom.hamill@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Weather and Air Quality (OWAQ) USWRP; World Meteorological Organization's THORPEX program FX Goeff DiMego, Geoff Manikin, Jun Du, Yuejian Zhu, and Glenn White of NCEP/EMC are thanked for providing information on accessing model data. Gary Bates of ESRL/PSD is thanked for help with the data processing. Seth Gutman is thanked for help obtaining the GPS total precipitable water time series shown in appendix A in the online supplemental material. This publication was partially supported by a NOAA/Office of Weather and Air Quality (OWAQ) USWRP grant. This project also used data from ECMWF's TIGGE archive. TIGGE is supported by the World Meteorological Organization's THORPEX program. Russ Schumacher (Colorado State), Wallace Hogsett (NCEP/WPC), and Jeff Whitaker (ESRL/PSD) are thanked for their consultations. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 142 IS 8 BP 2609 EP 2618 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00007.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM6YZ UT WOS:000340013200004 ER PT J AU Nolan, DS Zhang, JA Uhlhorn, EW AF Nolan, David S. Zhang, Jun A. Uhlhorn, Eric W. TI On the Limits of Estimating the Maximum Wind Speeds in Hurricanes SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL-CYCLONE INTENSITY; SIZE ESTIMATION ALGORITHMS; GPS DROPWINDSONDE; DOPPLER RADAR; LANDFALLS; LAYER AB This study uses an observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) approach to test the limitations of even nearly ideal observing systems to capture the peak wind speed occurring within a tropical storm or hurricane. The dataset is provided by a 1-km resolution simulation of an Atlantic hurricane with surface wind speeds saved every 10 s. An optimal observing system consisting of a dense field of anemometers provides perfect measurements of the peak 1-min wind speed as well as the average peak wind speed. Suboptimal observing systems consisting of a small number of anemometers are sampled and compared to the truth provided by the optimal observing system. Results show that a single, perfect anemometer experiencing a direct hit by the right side of the eyewall will underestimate the actual peak intensity by 10%-20%. Even an unusually large number of anemometers (e.g., 3-5) experiencing direct hits by the storm together will underestimate the peak wind speeds by 5%-10%. However, the peak winds of just one or two anemometers will provide on average a good estimate of the average peak intensity over several hours. Enhancing the variability of the simulated winds to better match observed winds does not change the results. Adding observational errors generally increases the reported peak winds, thus reducing the underestimates. If the average underestimate (negative bias) were known perfectly for each case, it could be used to correct the wind speeds, leaving only mean absolute errors of 3%-5%. C1 [Nolan, David S.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA. [Zhang, Jun A.; Uhlhorn, Eric W.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, AOML, Miami, FL USA. RP Nolan, DS (reprint author), RSMAS, MPO, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM dnolan@rsmas.miami.edu RI Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012 FU NOAA/Office of Weather and Air Quality (OWAQ) through OSSE Testbed at the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; NOAA/Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Program; Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program (HFIP); HFIP FX D. Nolan was supported in part by the NOAA/Office of Weather and Air Quality (OWAQ) through its funding of the OSSE Testbed at the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, by the NOAA/Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Program, and by the Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program (HFIP). J. Zhang was also supported by HFIP. The authors thank the Florida Coastal Monitoring Program (FCMP) for collecting the tower data. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 142 IS 8 BP 2814 EP 2837 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00337.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM6YZ UT WOS:000340013200014 ER PT J AU Skinner, PS Weiss, CC French, MM Bluestein, HB Markowski, PM Richardson, YP AF Skinner, Patrick S. Weiss, Christopher C. French, Michael M. Bluestein, Howard B. Markowski, Paul M. Richardson, Yvette P. TI VORTEX2 Observations of a Low-Level Mesocyclone with Multiple Internal Rear-Flank Downdraft Momentum Surges in the 18 May 2010 Dumas, Texas, Supercell SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID 5 JUNE 2009; DESCENDING REFLECTIVITY CORES; FINESCALE RADAR OBSERVATIONS; DUAL-DOPPLER ANALYSIS; PART I; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; GOSHEN COUNTY; TORNADOES EXPERIMENT; OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS; PRETORNADIC PHASE AB Observations collected in the second Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment during a 15-min period of a supercell occurring on 18 May 2010 near Dumas, Texas, are presented. The primary data collection platforms include two Ka-band mobile Doppler radars, which collected a near-surface, short-baseline dual-Doppler dataset within the rear-flank outflow of the Dumas supercell; an X-band, phased-array mobile Doppler radar, which collected volumetric single-Doppler data with high temporal resolution; and in situ thermodynamic and wind observations of a six-probe mobile mesonet. Rapid evolution of the Dumas supercell was observed, including the development and decay of a low-level mesocyclone and four internal rear-flank downdraft (RFD) momentum surges. Intensification and upward growth of the low-level mesocyclone were observed during periods when the midlevel mesocyclone was minimally displaced from the low-level circulation, suggesting an upward-directed perturbation pressure gradient force aided in the intensification of low-level rotation. The final three internal RFD momentum surges evolved in a manner consistent with the expected behavior of a dynamically forced occlusion downdraft, developing at the periphery of the low-level mesocyclone during periods when values of low-level cyclonic azimuthal wind shear exceeded values higher aloft. Failure of the low-level mesocyclone to acquire significant vertical depth suggests that dynamic forcing above internal RFD momentum surge gust fronts was insufficient to lift the negatively buoyant air parcels comprising the RFD surges to significant heights. As a result, vertical acceleration and the stretching of vertical vorticity in surge parcels were limited, which likely contributed to tomadogenesis failure. C1 [Skinner, Patrick S.; Weiss, Christopher C.] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [French, Michael M.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Bluestein, Howard B.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Markowski, Paul M.; Richardson, Yvette P.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Skinner, PS (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Atmospher Sci Grp, Dept Geosci, Box 41053, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM patrick.skinner@ttu.edu RI Skinner, Patrick/P-5717-2014; Richardson, Yvette/G-5016-2013; OI Richardson, Yvette/0000-0002-4495-5074; Markowski, Paul/0000-0002-4295-3390 FU National Science Foundation; NSF [AGS-0800542, AGS-0964088, AGS-0821231, ATM-0934307] FX We are grateful for the dedication of all VORTEX2 participants and in particular Dr. Ivan PopStefanija, Dr. Robert Bluth, Dr. John Schroeder, Jerry Guynes, Scott Gunter, Anthony Reinhart, and Amanda Thibault for their assistance with MWR-05XP and TTUKa data collection. Drs. Matthew Parker, George Bryan, Josh Wurman, Karen Kosiba, Michael Biggerstaff, Louis Wicker, Roger Wakimoto, and Nolan Atkins are thanked for providing mobile sounding, DOW, SMART-R, and photogrammetry data of the Dumas supercell, which were generously hosted by NCAR/EOL under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. The authors benefited from the SOLO and DORADE Radar Editing algorithms, Detection, Extraction, and Retrieval (DREADER) software as well as additional software provided by Drs. Curtis Alexander, Louis Wicker, Brian Hirth, and Sylvie Lorsolo. We thank Dr. Bruce Lee and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful reviews, and Dr. Jim Marquis, Anthony Reinhart, and Daniel Betten for the many helpful conversations during the preparation of this manuscript. This research was supported by NSF Grants AGS-0800542 and AGS-0964088 to Texas Tech University and Grants AGS-0821231 and ATM-0934307 to the University of Oklahoma. NR 71 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 142 IS 8 BP 2935 EP 2960 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00240.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM6YZ UT WOS:000340013200020 ER PT J AU Glahn, B AF Glahn, Bob TI A Nonsymmetric Logit Model and Grouped Predictand Category Development SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; PROBABILITY; SYSTEM AB Logistic regression is an alternative to regression estimation of event probabilities (REEP) and other techniques for estimating weather event probabilities based on NWP output or other predictors. Logistic regression has the advantage over REEP in that the probability estimates are constrained between zero and unity, whereas REEP can "overshoot" these values. It may be a detriment in some applications that the curves developed, one for each of several predictand categories (events), are symmetric. This paper shows how the logit curve can easily be made nonsymmetric as a function of a predictor, and thereby possibly achieve a better fit to the data. As with REEP, the probabilities estimated by logistic regression for each of several categories of a variable may not be consistent. For instance, the probability of snow >2 in. may exceed the probability of snow >1 in. Such inconsistencies can be avoided by developing a single equation involving all predictand categories and including another predictor that is a function of the predictand. This effectively, for a single predictor, produces parallel curves separated along the predictor axis but imposes restrictions on the equations and probabilities produced from them. The relationship between the predictor(s) and the predictand must be considered in determining the functional form. With only one predictor, defining the function is relatively straightforward. However, with multiple predictors, the process is more problematic. This paper demonstrates an alternative to imposing a functional form by using binary predictors. This formulation also achieves the goal of producing consistent forecasts and generalizes more readily to multiple predictors. C1 [Glahn, Bob] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Meteorol Dev Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Glahn, B (reprint author), NOAA, Meteorol Dev Lab, NWS, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM harry.glahn@noaa.gov NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 142 IS 8 BP 2991 EP 3002 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00300.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM6YZ UT WOS:000340013200023 ER PT J AU Camp, CH Lee, YJ Heddleston, JM Hartshorn, CM Walker, ARH Rich, JN Lathia, JD Cicerone, MT AF Camp, Charles H., Jr. Lee, Young Jong Heddleston, John M. Hartshorn, Christopher M. Walker, Angela R. Hight Rich, Jeremy N. Lathia, Justin D. Cicerone, Marcus T. TI High-speed coherent Raman fingerprint imaging of biological tissues SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLEX CARS MICROSCOPY; SCATTERING MICROSCOPY; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; IN-VIVO; BRAIN-TISSUE; SPECTROSCOPY; COLLAGEN; CANCER; TUMORS; LASER AB An imaging platform based on broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering has been developed that provides an advantageous combination of speed, sensitivity and spectral breadth. The system utilizes a configuration of laser sources that probes the entire biologically relevant Raman window (500-3,500 cm(-1)) with high resolution (<10 cm(-1)). It strongly and efficiently stimulates Raman transitions within the typically weak 'fingerprint' region using intrapulse three-colour excitation, and utilizes the non-resonant background to heterodyne-amplify weak Raman signals. We demonstrate highspeed chemical imaging in two- and three-dimensional views of healthy murine liver and pancreas tissues as well as interfaces between xenograft brain tumours and the surrounding healthy brain matter. C1 [Camp, Charles H., Jr.; Lee, Young Jong; Hartshorn, Christopher M.; Cicerone, Marcus T.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heddleston, John M.; Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rich, Jeremy N.] Cleveland Clin, Dept Stem Cell Biol & Regenerat Med, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Lathia, Justin D.] Cleveland Clin, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. RP Cicerone, MT (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cicerone@nist.gov RI Lee, Young Jong/B-7129-2008; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009; OI Lee, Young Jong/0000-0001-7754-3001; Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672; Camp Jr, Charles/0000-0002-5805-1842 FU National Research Council; NIH/NIBIB [2P41E13001046-11] FX The authors thank Q. Wu, J. Hale and M. Sinyuk for preparing the pathological tissue specimens and S. Miller for preparation of neat chemical specimens. C.H.C., J.M.H. and C.M.H. also thank the National Research Council for support through the Research Associate Program (RAP). This work was supported in part by NIH/NIBIB grant 2P41E13001046-11. NR 46 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 6 U2 91 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD AUG PY 2014 VL 8 IS 8 BP 627 EP 634 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2014.145 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA AM8PT UT WOS:000340140200013 PM 25621002 ER PT J AU Komar, P Kessler, EM Bishof, M Jiang, L Sorensen, AS Ye, J Lukin, D AF Komar, P. Kessler, E. M. Bishof, M. Jiang, L. Sorensen, A. S. Ye, J. Lukin, D. TI A quantum network of clocks SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED ATOMIC IONS; ENTANGLEMENT DISTRIBUTION; FREQUENCY STANDARDS; TELEPORTATION; QUBITS; STABILITY; PHOTON; STATES; MATTER; NODES AB The development of precise atomic clocks plays an increasingly important role in modern society. Shared timing information constitutes a key resource for navigation with a direct correspondence between timing accuracy and precision in applications such as the Global Positioning System. By combining precision metrology and quantum networks, we propose a quantum, cooperative protocol for operating a network of geographically remote optical atomic clocks. Using nonlocal entangled states, we demonstrate an optimal utilization of global resources, and show that such a network can be operated near the fundamental precision limit set by quantum theory. Furthermore, the internal structure of the network, combined with quantum communication techniques, guarantees security both from internal and external threats. Realization of such a global quantum network of clocks may allow construction of a real-time single international time scale (world clock) with unprecedented stability and accuracy. C1 [Komar, P.; Kessler, E. M.; Lukin, D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kessler, E. M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bishof, M.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jiang, L.] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Sorensen, A. S.] Danish Natl Res Fdn Ctr Quantum Opt, Niels Bohr Inst, QUANTOP, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Lukin, D (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM lukin@physics.harvard.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Sorensen, Anders/L-1868-2013; Kessler, Eric Matthias/E-6981-2012; Jiang, Liang/A-9847-2008 OI Sorensen, Anders/0000-0003-1337-9163; Kessler, Eric Matthias/0000-0001-9959-538X; Jiang, Liang/0000-0002-0000-9342 FU NSF; CUA; ITAMP; HQOC; JILA PFC; NIST; DARPA QuASAR; Quiness programs; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Packard Foundation; ARO MURI; ERC [306576]; NDSEG; NSF GRFP FX We are grateful to T. Rosenband, V. Vuletic J. Borregaard and T. Nicholson for enlightening discussions. This work was supported by NSF, CUA, ITAMP, HQOC, JILA PFC, NIST, DARPA QuASAR and Quiness programs, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Packard Foundation, ARO MURI, and the ERC grant QIOS (grant no. 306576); M.B. acknowledges support from NDSEG and NSF GRFP. It is dedicated to R. Blatt and P. Zoller on the occasion of their 60th birthday, when initial ideas for this work were formed. NR 43 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 40 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 10 IS 8 BP 582 EP 587 DI 10.1038/NPHYS3000 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AM8PU UT WOS:000340140300015 ER PT J AU Jansen, MF Held, IM AF Jansen, Malte F. Held, Isaac M. TI Parameterizing subgrid-scale eddy effects using energetically consistent backscatter SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Eddy parameterization; Eddy permitting; Mesoscale; Energy; Enstrophy; Backscatter ID OCEAN CIRCULATION MODELS; GEOSTROPHIC TURBULENCE; STOCHASTIC BACKSCATTER; KINETIC-ENERGY; SIMULATIONS; RESOLUTION; VISCOSITY; DYNAMICS; EDDIES; PARTITION AB In the near future we expect the resolution of many IPCC-class ocean models to enter the "eddy-permitting" regime. At this resolution models can produce reasonable eddy-like disturbances, but can still not properly resolve geostrophic eddies at all relevant scales. Adequate parameterizations representing subgrid eddy effects are thus necessary. Most eddy-permitting models presently employ some kind of hyperviscosity, which is shown to cause a significant amount of energy dissipation. However, comparison to higher resolution simulations shows that only enstrophy, but almost no energy, should be dissipated below the grid-scale. As a result of the artificial energy sink associated with viscous parameterizations, the eddy fields in eddy permitting models are generally not energetic enough. To overcome this problem, we propose a class of sub-grid parameterizations which dissipate enstrophy but little or no energy. The idea is to combine a standard hyperviscous closure with some mechanism to return dissipated energy to the resolved flow. Enstrophy dissipation remains ensured because the energy is returned at larger scales. Two simple ways to return the energy are proposed: one using a stochastic excitation and one using a negative Laplacian viscosity. Both approaches are tested in an idealized two-layer quasi-geostrophic model. Either approach is shown to greatly improve the solutions in simulations with typical eddy-permitting resolutions. The adaptation of the proposed parameterization for use in realistic ocean models is discussed. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jansen, Malte F.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Jansen, MF (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM mjansen@princeton.edu FU NOAA FX We would like to thank Steve Griffies, Alistair Adcroft, Bob Hallberg and Kirk Bryan for helpful comments and discussion. We would also like to thank Fabien Roquet and an anonymous reviewer whose comments have helped to improve the manuscript. M.F.J. received funding from a NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship, administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. NR 52 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 80 BP 36 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2014.06.002 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA AN0YQ UT WOS:000340310300004 ER PT J AU Martin, RG Nixon, C Armitage, PJ Lubow, SH Price, DJ AF Martin, Rebecca G. Nixon, Chris Armitage, Philip J. Lubow, Stephen H. Price, Daniel J. TI GIANT OUTBURSTS IN Be/X-RAY BINARIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion disks; binaries: general; stars: emission; line; Be ID DRIVEN ECCENTRIC INSTABILITIES; 4U 0115+63/V635 CASSIOPEIAE; ACCRETION DISKS; ROTATIONAL VELOCITIES; NEUTRON-STAR; SHELL STARS; DYNAMICS; DISCS; SIMULATIONS; STELLAR AB Be/X-ray binary systems exhibit both periodic (Type I) X-ray outbursts and giant (Type II) outbursts, whose origins have remained elusive. We suggest that Type II X-ray outbursts occur when a highly misaligned decretion disk around the Be star becomes eccentric, allowing the compact object companion to capture a large amount of material at periastron. Using three-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations, we model the long-term evolution of a representative Be/X-ray binary system. We find that periodic (Type I) X-ray outbursts occur when the neutron star is close to periastron for all disk inclinations. Type II outbursts occur for large misalignment angles and are associated with eccentricity growth which occurs on a timescale of about 10 orbital periods. Mass capture from the eccentric decretion disk results in an accretion disk around the neutron star whose estimated viscous time is long enough to explain the extended duration of Type II outbursts. Previous studies suggested that the outbursts are caused by a warped disk but our results suggest that this is not sufficient; the disk must be both highly misaligned and eccentric to initiate a Type II accretion event. C1 [Martin, Rebecca G.; Nixon, Chris; Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Martin, Rebecca G.; Nixon, Chris; Armitage, Philip J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lubow, Stephen H.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Price, Daniel J.] Monash Univ, Sch Math Sci, Monash Ctr Astrophys MoCA, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Martin, RG (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, UCB 440, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Price, Daniel/A-8142-2016; OI Price, Daniel/0000-0002-4716-4235; Nixon, Christopher/0000-0002-2137-4146 FU NASA [PF2-130098, NNX11AE12G, NNX14AB42G]; Australian Research Council [FT130100034]; National Science Foundation [CNS-0821794]; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado Denver; National Center for Atmospheric Research FX R.G.M.'s support was provided under contract with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program. Support for C.J.N. was provided by NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Program, grant PF2-130098. P.J.A. acknowledges support from NASA's ATP program under awards NNX11AE12G and NNX14AB42G. D.J.P. is supported by Future Fellowship FT130100034 from the Australian Research Council. We acknowledge the use of SPLASH (Price 2007) for the rendering of the figures. This work utilized the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (award No. CNS-0821794), the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The Janus supercomputer is operated by the University of Colorado Boulder. NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 790 IS 2 AR L34 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/790/2/L34 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AM5KO UT WOS:000339897100020 ER PT J AU Xiao, H Mechoso, CR Sun, RY Han, J Pan, HL Park, S Hannay, C Bretherton, C Teixeira, J AF Xiao, Heng Mechoso, C. Roberto Sun, Ruiyu Han, Jongil Pan, Hua-Lu Park, Sungsu Hannay, Cecile Bretherton, Chris Teixeira, Joao TI Diagnosis of the marine low cloud simulation in the NCAR community earth system model (CESM) and the NCEP global forecast system (GFS)-modular ocean model v4 (MOM4) coupled model SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Marine low clouds; Stratocumulus; Shallow cumulus; Climate modeling; CESM; GFS; Parameterization; Stratocumulus to cumulus transition ID BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; SOUTHEAST PACIFIC; SEASONAL CYCLE; PART I; CLIMATE SIMULATIONS; CUMULUS CONVECTION; VERTICAL DIFFUSION; TROPICAL PACIFIC AB We present a diagnostic analysis of the marine low cloud climatology simulated by two state-of-the-art coupled atmosphere-ocean models: the National Center for Atmospheric Research community earth system model version 1 (CESM1) and the National Center for Environmental Predictions global forecasting system-modular ocean model version 4 (GFS-MOM4) coupled model. In the CESM1, the coastal stratocumulus (Sc)-topped planetary boundary layers (PBLs) in the subtropical Eastern Pacific are well-simulated but the climatological transition from Sc to shallow cumulus (Cu) is too abrupt and occurs too close to the coast. By contrast, in the GFS-MOM4 the coastal Sc amount and PBL depth are severely underestimated while the transition from Sc to shallow Cu is "delayed" and offshore Sc cover is too extensive in the subtropical Eastern Pacific. We discuss the possible connections between these differences in the simulations and differences in the parameterizations of shallow convection and boundary layer turbulence in the two models. C1 [Xiao, Heng; Mechoso, C. Roberto] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Sun, Ruiyu; Han, Jongil; Pan, Hua-Lu] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Park, Sungsu; Hannay, Cecile] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bretherton, Chris] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Teixeira, Joao] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Xiao, H (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Heng.Xiao@pnnl.gov FU NOAA MAPP/CPO; U.S. DOE OBER [KP/501021/58166]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; National Science Foundation FX This work is supported by the NOAA MAPP/CPO program as part of the Sc-Cu Climate Process Team through grants to UCLA, NCAR, NCEP, UW and JPL. HX was supported by U.S. DOE OBER grant KP/501021/58166 at PNNL. We also acknowledge helpful suggestions from all four anonymous reviewers. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 3-4 BP 737 EP 752 DI 10.1007/s00382-014-2067-y PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM5LG UT WOS:000339899500010 ER PT J AU Gao, ZT Hu, ZZ Jha, B Yang, S Zhu, JS Shen, BZ Zhang, RJ AF Gao, Zongting Hu, Zeng-Zhen Jha, Bhaskar Yang, Song Zhu, Jieshun Shen, Baizhu Zhang, Renjian TI Variability and predictability of Northeast China climate during 1948-2012 SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Northeast China; Precipitation and surface air temperature; Climate variability; Predictability; ENSO and Atlantic SST; Decadal shift ID ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; REGIONAL CLIMATE; FORECAST SYSTEM; PRECIPITATION; CIRCULATION; SIMULATIONS; PATTERNS; SNOWFALL; PACIFIC AB In this work, authors examine the variabilities of precipitation and surface air temperature (T2m) in Northeast China during 1948-2012, and their global connection, as well as the predictability. It is noted that both the precipitation and T2m variations in Northeast China are dominated by interannual and higher frequency variations. However, on interdecadal time scales, T2m is shifted significantly from below normal to above normal around 1987/1988. Statistically, the seasonal mean precipitation and T2m are largely driven by local internal atmospheric variability rather than remote forcing. For the precipitation variation, circulation anomalies in the low latitudes play a more important role in spring and summer than in autumn and winter. For T2m variations, the associated sea surface pressure (SLP) and 850-hPa wind (uv850) anomalies are similar for all seasons in high latitudes with significantly negative correlations for SLP and westerly wind anomaly for uv850, suggesting that a strong zonal circulation in the high latitudes favors warming in Northeast China. The predictability of precipitation and T2m in Northeast China is assessed by using the Atmospheric Model Inter-comparison Project type experiments which are forced by observed sea surface temperature (SST) and time-evolving greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations. Results suggest that T2m has slightly higher predictability than precipitation in Northeast China. To some extent, the model simulates the interdecadal shift of T2m around 1987/1988, implying a possible connection between SST (and/or GHG forcing) and surface air temperature variation in Northeast China on interdecadal time scales. Nevertheless, the precipitation and T2m variations are mainly determined by the unpredictable components which are caused by the atmospheric internal dynamic processes, suggesting low predictability for the climate variation in Northeast China. C1 [Gao, Zongting; Shen, Baizhu] Inst Meteorol Sci Jilin Prov, Changchun 130062, Peoples R China. [Gao, Zongting; Shen, Baizhu] Lab Res Middle High Latitude Circulat & East Asia, Changchun 130062, Peoples R China. [Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Jha, Bhaskar] NCEP NWS NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Jha, Bhaskar] Innovim LLC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Yang, Song] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Jieshun] George Mason Univ, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Zhang, Renjian] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, RCE TEA, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Hu, ZZ (reprint author), NCEP NWS NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Zeng-Zhen.Hu@NOAA.GOV RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011; OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400; Zhu, Jieshun/0000-0002-1508-9808 FU R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) [GYHY201106015]; National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB955303]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41275096]; Zhongshan University "985 Project" FX We thank the constructive comments and suggestions from two reviewers. We would also like to thank Emily Becker for providing GHCN_CAMS T2m data, and Mingyue Chen for providing PREC precipitation data. This work was jointly supported by the R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology; Grant GYHY201106015), National Basic Research Program of China (Grant 2012CB955303), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41275096), and Zhongshan University "985 Project" Phase 3. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 3-4 BP 787 EP 804 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1944-0 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM5LG UT WOS:000339899500013 ER PT J AU Guan, YH Huang, BH Zhu, JS Hu, ZZ Kinter, JL AF Guan, Yuanhong Huang, Bohua Zhu, Jieshun Hu, Zeng-Zhen Kinter, James L., III TI Interannual variability of the South Pacific Ocean in observations and simulated by the NCEP Climate Forecast System, version 2 SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Southern subtropical Pacific Dipole mode; ENSO; Air-sea interaction; Southern hemisphere atmospheric circulation; CFSv2 ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; ZONAL-MEAN CIRCULATION; SST DIPOLE EVENTS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; INDIAN-OCEAN; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; COUPLED VARIABILITY; SUBTROPICAL DIPOLE; ANNULAR MODE AB The mechanism of the South Pacific Ocean Dipole (SPOD) mode is examined, using a 50-year simulation of the Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2) and 50-year observation-based ocean-atmosphere analyses (1961-2010). It is shown that the SPOD, a sea surface temperatures (SST) seesaw between the subtropics and extratropics, is the dominant mode of the interannual variability in the South Pacific in both observations and CFSv2 simulation. CFSv2 also reproduces the seasonal phase-locking of the observed SPOD, with the anomaly pattern developing in austral spring, peaking in summer, and decaying in autumn. Composite analyses based on both observational and model data suggest that in the warm phase of SPOD, positive SST anomaly (SSTA) is initiated by weakened westerly winds over the central South Pacific in austral spring, which suppress the surface evaporative heat loss and reduce the oceanic mixed layer depth, both contributing to the SST warming. The wind-SST-mixed layer anomalies then evolve coherently over the next two seasons while the cold SSTA develops to the north. The wind perturbations are in turn a response to El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which forces an atmospheric planetary wave train, the Pacific-South American pattern, emanating from an anomalous heat source in the tropical western Pacific. Moreover, SPOD is significantly correlated with the southern annular mode (SAM) while the latter is also significantly correlated with the ENSO index. This suggests that ENSO's influence on the SPOD may be partially conveyed through SAM. C1 [Guan, Yuanhong] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Math & Stat, Ctr Data Assimilat Res & Applicat, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Guan, Yuanhong; Huang, Bohua; Zhu, Jieshun; Kinter, James L., III] Inst Global Environm & Soc, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Fairfax, VA 20705 USA. [Guan, Yuanhong; Huang, Bohua; Kinter, James L., III] George Mason Univ, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Hu, Zeng-Zhen] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Huang, BH (reprint author), Inst Global Environm & Soc, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Fairfax, VA 20705 USA. EM bhuang@gmu.edu RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011; Kinter, James/A-8610-2015; OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400; Kinter, James/0000-0002-6277-0559; Zhu, Jieshun/0000-0002-1508-9808 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41105057, 41105049, 41275111]; Chinese meteorological industry-specific fund [GYHY201206002]; NSF [ATM-0830068]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310058]; NASA [NNX09AN50G] FX YG is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (41105057, 41105049, 41275111), and Chinese meteorological industry-specific fund (GYHY201206002). BH, JZ and JK are supported by grants from NSF (ATM-0830068), NOAA (NA09OAR4310058), and NASA (NNX09AN50G). We acknowledge T. DelSole, L. Jia and L. Marx for conducting the CFSv2 long-term free run. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 3-4 BP 1141 EP 1157 DI 10.1007/s00382-014-2148-y PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM5LG UT WOS:000339899500034 ER PT J AU Schnepf, NR Manoj, C Kuvshinov, A Toh, H Maus, S AF Schnepf, N. R. Manoj, C. Kuvshinov, A. Toh, H. Maus, S. TI Tidal signals in ocean-bottom magnetic measurements of the Northwestern Pacific: observation versus prediction SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Geomagnetic induction; Magnetic anomalies: modelling and interpretation; Marine electromagnetics ID DAILY GEOMAGNETIC-VARIATIONS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION; GLOBAL INDUCTION; FIELDS; MANTLE; EARTH; SEA; TIDES; FLOW AB Motional induction in the ocean by tides has long been observed by both land and satellite measurements of magnetic fields. While these signals are weak (similar to 10 nT) when compared to the main magnetic field, their persistent nature makes them important for consideration during geomagnetic field modelling. Previous studies have reported several discrepancies between observations and numerical predictions of the tidal magnetic signals and those studies were inconclusive of the source of the error. We address this issue by (1) analysing magnetometer data from ocean-bottom stations, where the low-noise and high-signal environment is most suitable for detecting the weak tidal magnetic signals, (2) by numerically predicting the magnetic field with a spatial resolution that is 16 times higher than the previous studies and (3) by using four different models of upper-mantle conductivity. We use vector magnetic data from six ocean-bottom electromagnetic (OBEM) stations located in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. The OBEM tidal amplitudes were derived using an iteratively re-weighted least-squares (IRLS) method and by limiting the analysis of lunar semidiurnal (M2), lunar elliptic semidinurnal (N2) and diurnal (O1) tidal modes to the night-time. Using a 3-D electromagnetic induction solver and the TPX07.2 tidal model, we predict the tidal magnetic signal. We use earth models with non-uniform oceans and four 1-D mantle sections underneath taken from Kuvshinov and Olsen, Shimizu et al. and Baba et al. to compare the effect of upper-mantle conductivity. We find that in general, the predictions and observations match within 10-70 per cent across all the stations for each of the tidal modes. The median normalized percent difference (NPD) between observed and predicted amplitudes for the tidal modes M2, N2 and O1 were 15 per cent, 47 per cent and 98 per cent, respectively, for all the stations and models. At the majority of stations, and for each of the tidal modes, the higher resolution (0.25A degrees A xA 0.25A degrees) modelling gave amplitudes consistently closer to the observations than the lower resolution (1A degrees A xA 1A degrees) modelling. The difference in lithospheric resistance east and west of the Izu-Bonin trench system seems to be affecting the model response and observations in the O1 tidal mode. This response is not seen in the M2 and N2 modes, thereby indicating that the O1 mode is more sensitive to lithospheric resistance. C1 [Schnepf, N. R.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Manoj, C.; Maus, S.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Manoj, C.; Maus, S.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Kuvshinov, A.] ETH, Inst Geophys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Toh, H.] Kyoto Univ, Data Anal Ctr Geomagnetism & Space Magnetism, Kyoto, Japan. RP Schnepf, NR (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM nschnepf@mit.edu RI Schnepf, Neesha/K-5922-2016 OI Schnepf, Neesha/0000-0003-1489-7958 FU National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration's Hollings Scholarship Program FX We thank Hisashi Utada (Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo) and Noriko Tada (Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology) for providing the data for this study. NRS is grateful to the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration's Hollings Scholarship Program for making this research possible. We would also like to thank one anonymous reviewer and Alan Chave for useful comments and critiques, as well as Andrew Roberts for the ncquiverref.m script. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 198 IS 2 BP 1096 EP 1110 DI 10.1093/gji/ggu190 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AM2YN UT WOS:000339717700030 ER PT J AU Wang, H Long, L Kumar, A Wang, WQ Schemm, JKE Zhao, M Vecchi, GA Larow, TE Lim, YK Schubert, SD Shaevitz, DA Camargo, SJ Henderson, N Kim, D Jonas, JA Walsh, KJE AF Wang, Hui Long, Lindsey Kumar, Arun Wang, Wanqiu Schemm, Jae-Kyung E. Zhao, Ming Vecchi, Gabriel A. Larow, Timothy E. Lim, Young-Kwon Schubert, Siegfried D. Shaevitz, Daniel A. Camargo, Suzana J. Henderson, Naomi Kim, Daehyun Jonas, Jeffrey A. Walsh, Kevin J. E. TI How Well Do Global Climate Models Simulate the Variability of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Associated with ENSO? SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; EL-NINO; HURRICANE ACTIVITY; CMIP5 MODELS; FORECAST; GCM; PRECIPITATION; OSCILLATION AB The variability of Atlantic tropical cyclones (TCs) associated with El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in model simulations is assessed and compared with observations. The model experiments are 28-yr simulations forced with the observed sea surface temperature from 1982 to 2009. The simulations were coordinated by the U.S. Climate Variability and Predictability Research Program (CLIVAR) Hurricane Working Group and conducted with five global climate models (GCMs) with a total of 16 ensemble members. The model performance is evaluated based on both individual model ensemble means and multimodel ensemble mean. The latter has the highest anomaly correlation (0.86) for the interannual variability of TCs. Previous observational studies show a strong association between ENSO and Atlantic TC activity, as well as distinctions during eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) El Nino events. The analysis of track density and TC origin indicates that each model has different mean biases. Overall, the GCMs simulate the variability of Atlantic TCs well with weaker activity during EP El Nino and stronger activity during La Nina. For CP El Nino, there is a slight increase in the number of TCs as compared with EP El Nino. However, the spatial distribution of track density and TC origin is less consistent among the models. Particularly, there is no indication of increasing TC activity over the U.S. southeast coastal region during CP El Nino as in observations. The difference between the models and observations is likely due to the bias of the models in response to the shift of tropical heating associated with CP El Nino, as well as the model bias in the mean circulation. C1 [Wang, Hui; Long, Lindsey; Kumar, Arun; Wang, Wanqiu; Schemm, Jae-Kyung E.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Wang, Hui; Long, Lindsey] Innovim, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Zhao, Ming; Vecchi, Gabriel A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Larow, Timothy E.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Lim, Young-Kwon; Schubert, Siegfried D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lim, Young-Kwon] IM Syst Grp, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Shaevitz, Daniel A.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Camargo, Suzana J.; Henderson, Naomi; Kim, Daehyun] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Jonas, Jeffrey A.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. [Jonas, Jeffrey A.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Walsh, Kevin J. E.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. RP Wang, H (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCWCP, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM hui.wang@noaa.gov RI Camargo, Suzana/C-6106-2009; Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014; OI Camargo, Suzana/0000-0002-0802-5160; Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Walsh, Kevin/0000-0002-1860-510X FU U.S. CLIVAR FX This work was carried out as part of a Hurricane Working Group activity supported by the U.S. CLIVAR. The authors thank the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University for archiving model data and making them accessible online. The authors also thank Prof. Kerry A. Emanuel, Dr. Christopher W. Landsea, Mr. Bill Mohan, an anonymous reviewer, and the editor for their insightful and constructive comments and suggestions. NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 15 BP 5673 EP 5692 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00625.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM2SY UT WOS:000339702300001 ER PT J AU Becker, E van den Dool, H Zhang, Q AF Becker, Emily van den Dool, Hijug Zhang, Qin TI Predictability and Forecast Skill in NMME SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TO-INTERANNUAL PREDICTION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC PREDICTABILITY; RETROSPECTIVE FORECASTS; MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLES; SEASONAL PREDICTION; ENSO PREDICTION; UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE; SYSTEM AB Forecast skill and potential predictability of 2-m temperature, precipitation rate, and sea surface temperature are assessed using 29 yr of hindcast data from models included in phase 1 of the North American Multimodel Ensemble (NMME) project. Forecast skill is examined using the anomaly correlation (AC); skill of the bias-corrected ensemble means (EMs) of the individual models and of the NMME 7-model EM are verified against the observed value. Forecast skill is also assessed using the root-mean-square error. The models' representation of the size of forecast anomalies is also studied. Predictability was considered from two angles: homogeneous, where one model is verified against a single member from its own ensemble, and heterogeneous, where a model's EM is compared to a single member from another model. This study provides insight both into the physical predictability of the three fields and into the NMME and its contributing models. Most of the models in the NMME have fairly realistic spread, as represented by the interannual variability. The NMME 7-model forecast skill, verified against observations, is equal to or higher than the individual models' forecast ACs. Two-meter temperature (T2m) skill matches the highest single-model skill, while precipitation rate and sea surface temperature NMME EM skill is higher than for any single model. Homogeneous predictability is higher than reported skill in all fields, suggesting there may be room for some improvement in model prediction, although there are many regional and seasonal variations. The estimate of potential predictability is not overly sensitive to the choice of model. In general, models with higher homogeneous predictability show higher forecast skill. C1 [Becker, Emily; van den Dool, Hijug; Zhang, Qin] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Becker, E (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM emily.becker@noaa.gov FU NOAA/MAPP program; NOAA/MAPP; NSF; NASA; DOE FX The authors are very grateful to three anonymous reviewers, whose detailed comments greatly improved this manuscript. The phase-1 NMME project was supported by the NOAA/MAPP program, and the phase-2 NMME project is support by NOAA/MAPP, NSF, NASA, and the DOE. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 15 BP 5891 EP 5906 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00597.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM2SY UT WOS:000339702300013 ER PT J AU Gao, X Schlosser, CA Xie, PP Monier, E Entekhabi, D AF Gao, Xiang Schlosser, C. Adam Xie, Pingping Monier, Erwan Entekhabi, Dara TI An Analogue Approach to Identify Heavy Precipitation Events: Evaluation and Application to CMIP5 Climate Models in the United States SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID EXTREME SEASONAL PRECIPITATION; TRENDS; SIMULATIONS; PERSPECTIVE; PROJECTIONS; ENSEMBLE AB An analogue method is presented to detect the occurrence of heavy precipitation events without relying on modeled precipitation. The approach is based on using composites to identify distinct large-scale atmospheric conditions associated with widespread heavy precipitation events across local scales. These composites, exemplified in the south-central, midwestern, and western United States, are derived through the analysis of 27-yr (1979-2005) Climate Prediction Center (CPC) gridded station data and the NASA Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA). Circulation features and moisture plumes associated with heavy precipitation events are examined. The analogues are evaluated against the relevant daily meteorological fields from the MERRA reanalysis and achieve a success rate of around 80% in detecting observed heavy events within one or two days. The method also captures the observed interannual variations of seasonal heavy events with higher correlation and smaller RMSE than MERRA precipitation. When applied to the same 27-yr twentieth-century climate model simulations from Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), the analogue method produces a more consistent and less uncertain number of seasonal heavy precipitation events with observation as opposed to using model-simulated precipitation. The analogue method also performs better than model-based precipitation in characterizing the statistics (minimum, lower and upper quartile, median, and maximum) of year-to-year seasonal heavy precipitation days. These results indicate the capability of CMIP5 models to realistically simulate large-scale atmospheric conditions associated with widespread local-scale heavy precipitation events with a credible frequency. Overall, the presented analyses highlight the improved diagnoses of the analogue method against an evaluation that considers modeled precipitation alone to assess heavy precipitation frequency. C1 [Gao, Xiang; Schlosser, C. Adam; Monier, Erwan] MIT, Joint Program Sci & Policy Global Change, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Xie, Pingping] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Entekhabi, Dara] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Gao, X (reprint author), MIT, E19-411h,50 Ames St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM xgao304@mit.edu RI Monier, Erwan/F-6988-2010 OI Monier, Erwan/0000-0001-5533-6570 FU NASA Energy and Water Cycle Study Research Announcement [NNH07ZDA001N]; Macro Systems Biology Program Grant (NSF-AES EF) from the National Science Foundation [1137306] FX This work was funded by NASA Energy and Water Cycle Study Research Announcement (NNH07ZDA001N) and Macro Systems Biology Program Grant (NSF-AES EF#1137306) from the National Science Foundation. We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI), and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP5 multimodel dataset. We thank the NOAA/Climate Prediction Center for the global gridded precipitation observations and the NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office for the MERRA reanalysis data. The authors gratefully acknowledge the comments received from Michael Bosilovich and two anonymous reviewers, which led to a substantially improved manuscript. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 15 BP 5941 EP 5963 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00598.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM2SY UT WOS:000339702300016 ER PT J AU Neiman, PJ Ralph, FM Moore, BJ Zamora, RJ AF Neiman, Paul J. Ralph, F. Martin Moore, Benjamin J. Zamora, Robert J. TI The Regional Influence of an Intense Sierra Barrier Jet and Landfalling Atmospheric River on Orographic Precipitation in Northern California: A Case Study SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COOPERATIVE-PILOT-PROJECT; NEVADA MOUNTAINS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; PACIFIC-OCEAN; WINTER STORM; WEST-COAST; PART I; WATER; SATELLITE AB A 915-MHz wind profiler, a GPS receiver, and surface meteorological sites in and near California's northern Central Valley (CV) provide the observational anchor for a case study on 23-25 October 2010. The study highlights key orographic influences on precipitation distributions and intensities across northern California during a landfalling atmospheric river (AR) and an associated Sierra barrier jet (SBJ). A detailed wind profiler/GPS analysis documents an intense AR overriding a shallow SBJ at similar to 750 m MSL, resulting in record early season precipitation. The SBJ diverts shallow, pre-cold-frontal, incoming water vapor within the AR poleward from the San Francisco Bay gap to the northern CV. The SBJ ultimately decays following the passage of the AR and trailing polar cold front aloft. A statistical analysis of orographic forcing reveals that both the AR and SBJ are crucial factors in determining the amount and spatial distribution of precipitation in the northern Sierra Nevada and in the Shasta-Trinity region at the northern terminus of the CV. As the AR and SBJ flow ascends the steep and tall terrain of the northern Sierra and Shasta-Trinity region, respectively, the precipitation becomes enhanced. Vertical profiles of the linear correlation coefficient quantify the orographic linkage between hourly upslope water vapor flux profiles and hourly rain rate. The altitude of maximum correlation (i.e., orographic controlling layer) is lower for the shallow SBJ than for the deeper AR (i.e., 0.90 versus 1.15 km MSL, respectively). This case study expands the understanding of orographic precipitation enhancement from coastal California to its interior. It also quantifies the connection between dry antecedent soils and reduced flood potential. C1 [Neiman, Paul J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ralph, F. Martin] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Moore, Benjamin J.] NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Moore, Benjamin J.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moore, Benjamin J.] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Zamora, Robert J.] NOAA ESRL, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Neiman, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Mail Code R PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM paul.j.neiman@noaa.gov NR 73 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1419 EP 1439 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-13-0183.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM2QX UT WOS:000339697000006 ER PT J AU Mo, KC Lettenmaier, DP AF Mo, Kingtse C. Lettenmaier, Dennis P. TI Hydrologic Prediction over the Conterminous United States Using the National Multi-Model Ensemble SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREDICTABILITY; FORECASTS; WINTER; SKILL AB The authors analyzed the skill of monthly and seasonal soil moisture (SM) and runoff (RO) forecasts over the United States performed by driving the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrologic model with forcings derived from the National Multi-Model Ensemble hindcasts (NMME_VIC). The grand ensemble mean NMME_VIC forecasts were compared to ensemble streamflow prediction (ESP) forecasts derived from the VIC model forced by resampling of historical observations during the forecast period (ESP_VIC), using the same initial conditions as NMME_VIC. The forecast period is from 1982 to 2010, with the forecast initialized on 1 January, 1 April, 5 July, and 3 October. Overall, forecast skill is seasonally and regionally dependent. The authors found that 1) the skill of the grand ensemble mean NMME_VIC forecasts is comparable with that of the individual model that has the highest skill; 2) for all forecast initiation dates, the initial conditions play a dominant role in forecast skill at 1-month lead, and at longer lead times, forcings derived from NMME forecasts start to contribute to forecast skill; and 3) the initial conditions dominate contributions to skill for a dry climate regime that covers the western interior states for all seasons and the north-central part of the country for January. In this regime, the forecast skill for both methods is high even at 3-month lead. This regime has low mean precipitation and precipitation variations, and the influence of precipitation on SM and RO is weak. In contrast, a wet regime covers the region from the Gulf states to the Tennessee and Ohio Valleys for forecasts initialized in January and April, the Southwest monsoon region, the Southeast, and the East Coast in summer. In these dynamically active regions, where rainfall depends on the path of the moisture transport and atmospheric forcing, forecast skill is low. For this regime, the climate forecasts contribute to skill. Skillful precipitation forecasts after lead 1 have the potential to improve SM and RO forecast skill, but it was found that this mostly was not the case for the NMME models. C1 [Mo, Kingtse C.] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Mo, KC (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM kingtse.mo@noaa.gov FU NOAA [GC11-578, NA10OAR4310245, NA08OAR4320809] FX This project was supported by the NOAA Grant GC11-578 to the Climate Prediction Center and by NOAA Grants NA10OAR4310245 and NA08OAR4320809 to the University of Washington. NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1457 EP 1472 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-13-0197.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM2QX UT WOS:000339697000008 ER PT J AU Xia, YL Ek, MB Mocko, D Peters-Lidard, CD Sheffield, J Dong, JR Wood, EF AF Xia, Youlong Ek, Michael B. Mocko, David Peters-Lidard, Christa D. Sheffield, Justin Dong, Jiarui Wood, Eric F. TI Uncertainties, Correlations, and Optimal Blends of Drought Indices from the NLDAS Multiple Land Surface Model Ensemble SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASSIMILATION SYSTEM NLDAS; UNITED-STATES; 20TH-CENTURY DROUGHT; MONITOR AB This study analyzed uncertainties and correlations over the United States among four ensemble-mean North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) percentile-based drought indices derived from monthly mean evapotranspiration ET, total runoff Q, top 1-m soil moisture SM1, and total column soil moisture SMT. The results show that the uncertainty is smallest for SM1, largest for SMT, and moderate for ET and Q. The strongest correlation is between SM1 and SMT, and the weakest correlation is between ET and Q. The correlation between ET and SM1 (SMT) is strongest in arid-semiarid regions, and the correlation between Q and SM1 (SMT) is strongest in more humid regions in the Pacific Northwest and the Southeast. Drought frequency analysis shows that SM1 has the most frequent drought occurrence, followed by SMT, Q, and ET. The study compared the NLDAS drought indices (a research product) with the U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM; an operational product) in terms of drought area percentage derived from each product. It proposes an optimal blend of NLDAS drought indices by searching for weights for each index that minimizes the RMSE between NLDAS and USDM drought area percentage for a 10-yr period (2000-09) with a cross validation. It reconstructed a 30-yr (1980-2009) Objective Blended NLDAS Drought Index (OBNDI) and monthly drought percentage. Overall, the OBNDI performs the best with the smallest RMSE, followed by SM1 and SMT. It should be noted that the contribution to OBNDI from different variables varies with region. So a single formula is probably not the best representation of a blended index. The representation of a blended index using the multiple formulas will be addressed in a future study. C1 [Xia, Youlong; Dong, Jiarui] Environm Modeling Ctr, IMSG, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Xia, Youlong; Ek, Michael B.; Dong, Jiarui] NOAA, NCEP, EMC, IMSG, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Mocko, David; Peters-Lidard, Christa D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mocko, David] SAIC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Sheffield, Justin; Wood, Eric F.] Princeton Univ, Dept Environm & Civil Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Xia, YL (reprint author), NOAA, NCEP, EMC, IMSG, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM youlong.xia@noaa.gov RI Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012 OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876 FU NOAA Climate Program Office's Modeling, Analysis, Prediction, and Projection (MAPP) program FX This study is sponsored by the NOAA Climate Program Office's Modeling, Analysis, Prediction, and Projection (MAPP) program. We thank Dr. Kingtse Mo from Climate Prediction Center, who provided SPI3 and SPI6 derived from CPC gauge precipitation data used in NLDAS-2. Y.X. thanks Dr. Weiyu Yang from EMC and three anonymous reviewers, whose comments and suggestions greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1636 EP 1650 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-13-058.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM2QX UT WOS:000339697000020 ER PT J AU Dahl, JML Parker, MD Wicker, LJ AF Dahl, Johannes M. L. Parker, Matthew D. Wicker, Louis J. TI Imported and Storm-Generated Near-Ground Vertical Vorticity in a Simulated Supercell SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LOW-LEVEL ROTATION; 5 JUNE 2009; PART II; GOSHEN COUNTY; TORNADOGENESIS; VORTEX; MESOCYCLONES; THUNDERSTORM; TRANSPORT; GENESIS AB The authors use a high-resolution supercell simulation to investigate the source of near-ground vertical vorticity by decomposing the vorticity vector into barotropic and nonbarotropic parts. This way, the roles of ambient and storm-generated vorticity can be isolated. A new Lagrangian technique is employed in which material fluid volume elements are tracked to analyze the rearrangement of ambient vortex-line segments. This contribution is interpreted as barotropic vorticity. The storm-generated vorticity is treated as the residual between the known total vorticity and the barotropic vorticity. In the simulation the development of near-ground vertical vorticity is an outflow phenomenon. There are distinct "rivers" of cyclonic shear vorticity originating from the base of downdrafts that feed into the developing near-ground vortex. The origin of these rivers of vertical vorticity is primarily horizontal baroclinic production, which is maximized in the lowest few hundred meters AGL. Subsequently, this horizontal vorticity is tilted upward while the parcels are still descending. The barotropic vorticity remains mostly streamwise along the analyzed trajectories and does not acquire a large vertical component as the parcels reach the ground. Thus, the ambient vorticity that is imported into the storm contributes only a small fraction of the total near-ground vertical vorticity. C1 [Dahl, Johannes M. L.; Parker, Matthew D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Wicker, Louis J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Dahl, JML (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Atmospher Sci Grp, Box 41053, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM johannes.dahl@ttu.edu RI Parker, Matthew/A-5156-2008 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0758509, AGS-1156123] FX George Bryan is gratefully acknowledged for providing and supporting the CM1 model. Also, we greatly benefited from discussions over the recent years with Paul Markowski, George Bryan, Bob Davies-Jones, Chuck Doswell, Craig Epifanio, and Daniel Dawson. Comments on the manuscript by the Convective Storms Group (Brice Coffer, Jason Davis, Christopher Macintosh, and Keith Sherburn), Yvette Richardson, Richard Rotunno, and two anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated. This work is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants ATM-0758509 and AGS-1156123. NR 40 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 71 IS 8 BP 3027 EP 3051 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0123.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM2OZ UT WOS:000339692000015 ER PT J AU Kumjian, MR Prat, OP AF Kumjian, Matthew R. Prat, Olivier P. TI The Impact of Raindrop Collisional Processes on the Polarimetric Radar Variables SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COLLECTION-BREAKUP EQUATION; FRAGMENT SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SMALL PRECIPITATION DROPS; SIMULATED SQUALL LINE; COALESCENCE EFFICIENCIES; TEMPORARY COALESCENCE; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; CONVECTIVE STORMS; EVOLUTION AB The impact of the collisional warm-rain microphysical processes on the polarimetric radar variables is quantified using a coupled microphysics-electromagnetic scattering model. A one-dimensional bin-microphysical rain shaft model that resolves explicitly the evolution of the drop size distribution (DSD) under the influence of collisional coalescence and breakup, drop settling, and aerodynamic breakup is coupled with electromagnetic scattering calculations that simulate vertical profiles of the polarimetric radar variables: reflectivity factor at horizontal polarization Z(H), differential reflectivity Z(DR), and specific differential phase Km,. The polarimetric radar fingerprint of each individual microphysical process is quantified as a function of the shape of the initial DSD and for different values of nominal rainfall fate. Results indicate that individual microphysical processes (collisional processes, evaporation) display a distinctive signature and evolve within specific areas of Z(H)-Z(DR) and Z(DR)-K-DP space. Furthermore, a comparison of the resulting simulated vertical profiles of the polarimetric variables with radar and disdrometer observations suggests that bin-microphysical parameterizations of drop breakup most frequently used are overly aggressive for the largest rainfall rates, resulting in very "tropical" DSDs heavily skewed toward smaller drops. C1 [Kumjian, Matthew R.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Adv Study Program, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Prat, Olivier P.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. [Prat, Olivier P.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Kumjian, MR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 513 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM kumjian@psu.edu RI Prat, Olivier/B-7016-2009; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015 OI Prat, Olivier/0000-0002-9289-5723; FU NSF; NOAA; ONR; DOE; NASA; JAMSTEC; Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research program [65459]; National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Advanced Study Program; NOAA/NCDC Climate Data Records and Science Stewardship Program through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina [NA09NES4400006] FX SPolKa radar data were collected as part of DYNAMO/ARM-AMIE, which was sponsored by NSF, NOAA, ONR, DOE, NASA, and JAMSTEC. The involvement of the NSF-sponsored NCAR Earth Observing Laboratory (EOL) is acknowledged. Scott Ellis and Bob Rilling (NCAR-EOL) are thanked for providing access to the SPolKa data, which are archived at the DYNAMO Data Archive Center maintained by NCAR EOL. The authors also would like to thank Dr. Scott Collis (Argonne National Laboratory) for providing the CSAPR data. Support for this work for the first author comes from Grant ER#65459 from the Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research program and from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Advanced Study Program. The second author is supported by the NOAA/NCDC Climate Data Records and Science Stewardship Program through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina under the Agreement NA09NES4400006. We would also like to thank Dr. Hugh Morrison (NCAR MMM), Dr. Angela Rowe (University of Washington), and two additional anonymous reviewers who provided a constructive review of the manuscript. NR 61 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 71 IS 8 BP 3052 EP 3067 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0357.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM2OZ UT WOS:000339692000016 ER PT J AU Hall, PB Noordeh, ES Chajet, LS Weiss, E Nixon, CJ AF Hall, P. B. Noordeh, E. S. Chajet, L. S. Weiss, E. Nixon, C. J. TI Modelling spikes in quasar accretion disc temperature SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; galaxies: nuclei; quasars: general ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY; BLACK-HOLE; MICROLENSING EVIDENCE; EMITTING REGIONS; EMISSION REGIONS; LENSED QUASARS; VARIABILITY; SIZE; MASS AB Microlensing observations indicate that quasar accretion discs have half-light radii larger than standard theories predict. The observations of Blackburne and colleagues suggest that these half-light radii may have a weak wavelength dependence. We consider disc temperature profiles that might match these observations. Nixon and colleagues have suggested that misaligned discs around spinning black holes can have annuli torn off them at radii where the Lense-Thirring torque overcomes the disc's viscosity. These annuli precess, spread radially, and intersect with the remaining disc, heating the disc at potentially large radii. However, unless the intersections occur at an angle of < 1A degrees, highly supersonic collisions will shock heat intersecting gas to T similar to 10(7) K. Discs with such shock-heated regions have significantly larger half-light radii, but are overluminous in X-rays. If instead heating occurs through intermittent weak shocks, the X-ray luminosities are consistent with observations but the half-light radii are not significantly larger. We also study two phenomenological disc temperature profiles. Discs with a temperature spike at relatively large radii and lowered temperatures at radii inside the spike yield improved and acceptable fits to microlensing sizes in most cases. Such temperature profiles could in principle occur in sub-Keplerian discs partially supported by magnetic pressure. However, such discs overpredict the fluxes from quasars studied with microlensing except in the limit of negligible continuum emission from radii inside the temperature spike. C1 [Hall, P. B.; Noordeh, E. S.; Chajet, L. S.; Weiss, E.] York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Nixon, C. J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nixon, C. J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hall, PB (reprint author), York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. EM phall@yorku.ca OI Nixon, Christopher/0000-0002-2137-4146 FU NSERC; NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Programme [PF2-130098] FX We thank C. Kochanek and the referee for valuable comments. PBH thanks NSERC for research support for LSC and EW. ESN thanks NSERC for an Undergraduate Student Research Award. CJN acknowledges support provided by NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Programme, grant PF2-130098. NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 442 IS 2 BP 1090 EP 1109 DI 10.1093/mnras/stu890 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AL8XM UT WOS:000339423100012 ER PT J AU Snyder, JC Bluestein, HB AF Snyder, Jeffrey C. Bluestein, Howard B. TI Some Considerations for the Use of High-Resolution Mobile Radar Data in Tornado Intensity Determination SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SEVERE CONVECTIVE STORMS; DOPPLER RADAR; X-BAND; HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; ORTHOGONAL POLARIZATIONS; POLARIMETRIC SIGNATURES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WIND FIELDS; DAMAGE; DYNAMICS AB The increasing number of mobile Doppler radars used in field campaigns across the central United States has led to an increasing number of high-resolution radar datasets of strong tornadoes. There are more than a few instances in which the radar-measured radial velocities substantially exceed the estimated wind speeds associated with the enhanced Fujita (EF) scale rating assigned to a particular tornado. It is imperative, however, to understand what the radar data represent if one wants to compare radar observations to damage-based EF-scale estimates. A violent tornado observed by the rapid-scan, X-band, polarimetric mobile radar (RaXPol) on 31 May 2013 contained radar-relative radial velocities exceeding 135 m s(-1) in rural areas essentially devoid of structures from which damage ratings can be made. This case, along with others, serves as an excellent example of some of the complications that arise when comparing radar-estimated velocities with the criteria established in the EF scale. In addition, it is shown that data from polarimetric radars should reduce the variance of radar-relative radial velocity estimates within the debris field compared to data from single-polarization radars. Polarimetric radars can also be used to retrieve differential velocity, large magnitudes of which are spatially associated with large spectrum widths inside the polarimetric tornado debris signature in several datasets of intense tornadoes sampled by RaXPol. C1 [Snyder, Jeffrey C.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Bluestein, Howard B.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Snyder, JC (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab RRDD, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jeffrey.snyder@noaa.gov FU NSF MRI [AGS-0821231, AGS-0934307]; National Research Council FX The radar and data collection presented in this project were supported through NSF MRI Grant AGS-0821231 and Grant AGS-0934307 awarded to the University of Oklahoma. This work is also supported by a National Research Council Post-Doctoral Research Associateship. The authors wish to thank Jana Houser and Vivek Mahale for helping to collect some of the data presented in this paper. Discussions with Valery Melnikov and Don Burgess were quite helpful, as was an early review by Michael French. Gabe Garfield and Rick Smith provided details from the perspective of NWSFO OUN. The Discovery Channel and PBS supported the helicopter flight, piloted by Mason Dunn, during which the photograph in Fig. 1 was captured. NR 69 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 29 IS 4 BP 799 EP 827 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00026.1 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM1XY UT WOS:000339643800003 ER PT J AU Davis, JM Parker, MD AF Davis, Jason M. Parker, Matthew D. TI Radar Climatology of Tornadic and Nontornadic Vortices in High-Shear, Low-CAPE Environments in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern United States SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SIGNIFICANT SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS; MESOCYCLONE DETECTION ALGORITHM; TROPICAL CYCLONE TORNADOES; LOW-LEVEL MESOVORTICES; BOW ECHO; PART I; SQUALL LINES; SUPERCELL STORMS; CONVECTIVE MODES; SINGLE-DOPPLER AB Tornadoes occurring in environments characterized by strong vertical wind shear [0-6-km bulk wind difference >= 35 knots (kt; 1 kt = 0.51 m s(-1)) (18 m s(-1))] but low CAPE (<500J kg(-1)) are an important challenge for forecasters, especially in the mid-Atlantic and southeastern United States. In this study, 95 tornadic and 135 nontornadic vortices were tracked in high-shear, low-CAPE (HSLC) environments. Values of azimuthal shear were recorded along the vortex tracks, and operationally relevant radar reflectivity signatures were also manually identified in association with these vortices. Statistically significant differences in azimuthal shear were found between tornadic and nontornadic vortices within 60 km of the radar, particularly near the surface. Although there were significant differences between tornadic and nontornadic vortices from nonsupercells (primarily quasi-linear convective systems), this was not the case for supercellular vortices. Beyond 60 km from the radar, no statistically significant differences were found. Numerous reflectivity signatures were also studied, including hook echoes and weak-echo regions associated with supercell vortices, as well as rear-inflow notches, bowing segments, and forward-inflow notches associated with nonsupercell vortices. These signatures were found to have a high probability of detection close to the radar, but also a high false alarm rate, and were observed much less often >100 km from the radar. Overall, while azimuthal shear and radar reflectivity signatures show the potential for high probability of detection in close proximity to operational radars, high false alarm rates, and short lead times appear to be an unavoidable trade-off in HSLC environments. C1 [Davis, Jason M.; Parker, Matthew D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Davis, JM (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 465 Weathervane Rd, Calera, AL 35040 USA. EM jason.davis@noaa.gov RI Parker, Matthew/A-5156-2008 FU NOAA as part of the Collaborative Science, Technology, and Applied Research (CSTAR) program [NA10NWS4680007]; AMS Graduate Fellowship; NASA Earth Science Division FX The collaborating WFOs played a vital role in shaping the approach to this project and provided frequent input. Discussions with Justin Lane, Patrick Moore, Jonathan Blaes, Hunter Coleman, Larry Lee, and Steve Keighton were especially helpful. Andy Dean from the SPC was very helpful in providing the tornado, environment, and convective mode data. Members of the Convective Storms Group at North Carolina State University are also acknowledged for their feedback and support, and Gary Lackmann and Sandra Yuter provided very useful feedback while serving on the first author's thesis committee. Comments from three anonymous reviewers were very helpful in improving the manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by NOAA Grant NA10NWS4680007 as part of the Collaborative Science, Technology, and Applied Research (CSTAR) program. Additional funding for JD was provided by an AMS Graduate Fellowship sponsored by the NASA Earth Science Division. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 29 IS 4 BP 828 EP 853 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00127.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM1XY UT WOS:000339643800004 ER PT J AU VandenBerg, MA Coniglio, MC Clark, AJ AF VandenBerg, Michael A. Coniglio, Michael C. Clark, Adam J. TI Comparison of Next-Day Convection-Allowing Forecasts of Storm motion on 1- and 4-km Grids SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID ERROR GROWTH DYNAMICS; SEVERE LOCAL STORMS; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; WRF MODEL; EXPLICIT FORECASTS; SUPERCELL; WEATHER; VERIFICATION; SHEAR; PREDICTABILITY AB This study compares next-day forecasts of storm motion from convection-allowing models with 1- and 4-km grid spacing. A tracking algorithm is used to determine the motion of discrete storms in both the model forecasts and an analysis of radar observations. The distributions of both the raw storm motions and the deviations of these motions from the environmental flow are examined to determine the overall biases of the 1- and 4-km forecasts and how they compare to the observed storm motions. The mean storm speeds for the 1-km forecasts are significantly closer to the observed mean than those for the 4-km forecasts when viewed relative to the environmental flow/shear, but mostly for the shorter-lived storms. For storm directions, the 1-km forecast storms move similarly to the 4-km forecast storms on average. However, for the raw storm motions and those relative to the 0-6-km shear, results suggest that the 1-km forecasts may alleviate some of a clockwise (rightward) bias of the 4-km forecasts, particularly for those that do not deviate strongly from the 0-6-km shear vector. This improvement in a clockwise bias also is seen for the longer-lived storms, but is not seen when viewing the storm motions relative to the 850-300-hPa mean wind or Bunkers motion vector. These results suggest that a reduction from 4- to 1-km grid spacing can potentially improve forecasts of storm motion, but further analysis of closer storm analogs are needed to confirm these results and to explore specific hypotheses for their differences. C1 [VandenBerg, Michael A.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Coniglio, Michael C.; Clark, Adam J.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Clark, Adam J.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Coniglio, MC (reprint author), NSSL FRDD, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM michael.coniglio@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce; NOAA CSTAR program; NSF-ITR project LEAD [ATM-0331594]; NSF [ATM-0802888] FX This work was made possible by a Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers and through the hard work and dedication of CAPS scientists, particularly Kevin Thomas, Fanyou Kong, Ming Xue, and the staff at the National Institute of Computational Science at the University of Tennessee who made the 2010 WRF-ARW runs possible. We also thank Dr. David Stensrud of NSSL for providing very helpful suggestions. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. The CAPS ensemble forecasts were primarily supported by the NOAA CSTAR program, and were produced on Kraken at the National Institute of Computational Science at the University of Tennessee, with some postprocessing done at OSCER at the University of Oklahoma. Supplementary support was provided by NSF-ITR project LEAD (ATM-0331594), NSF ATM-0802888, and other NSF grants to CAPS. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 29 IS 4 BP 878 EP 893 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00011.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM1XY UT WOS:000339643800006 ER PT J AU Sukovich, EM Ralph, FM Barthold, FE Reynolds, DW Novak, DR AF Sukovich, Ellen M. Ralph, F. Martin Barthold, Faye E. Reynolds, David W. Novak, David R. TI Extreme Quantitative Precipitation Forecast Performance at the Weather Prediction Center from 2001 to 2011 SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC HURRICANE SEASON; ATMOSPHERIC-RIVER; WARM-SEASON; WEST-COAST; VERIFICATION; RAINFALL; EVENTS; PREDICTABILITY; CALIFORNIA; PATTERNS AB Extreme quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) performance is baselined and analyzed by NOAA's Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) using 11 yr of 32-km gridded QPFs from NCEP's Weather Prediction Center (WPC). The analysis uses regional extreme precipitation thresholds, quantitatively defined as the 99th and 99.9th percentile precipitation values of all wet-site days from 2001 to 2011 for each River Forecast Center (RFC) region, to evaluate QPF performance at multiple lead times. Five verification metrics are used: probability of detection (POD), false alarm ratio (FAR), critical success index (CSI), frequency bias, and conditional mean absolute error (MAE(cond)). Results indicate that extreme QPFs have incrementally improved in forecast accuracy over the 11-yr period. Seasonal extreme QPFs show the highest skill during winter and the lowest skill during summer, although an increase in QPF skill is observed during September, most likely due to landfalling tropical systems. Seasonal extreme QPF skill decreases with increased lead time. Extreme QPF skill is higher over the western and northeastern RFCs and is lower over the central and southeastern RFC regions, likely due to the preponderance of convective events in the central and southeastern regions. This study extends the NOAA HMT study of regional extreme QPF performance in the western United States to include the contiguous United States and applies the regional assessment recommended therein. The method and framework applied here are readily applied to any gridded QPF dataset to define and verify extreme precipitation events. C1 [Sukovich, Ellen M.; Reynolds, David W.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sukovich, Ellen M.; Ralph, F. Martin; Reynolds, David W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Barthold, Faye E.] IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD USA. [Barthold, Faye E.; Novak, David R.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Weather Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Sukovich, EM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ellen.sukovich@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) program; U.S. Weather Research Program (USWRP) FX This research was supported by NOAA's Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) program and the U.S. Weather Research Program (USWRP). The authors thank Leticia Solliard (NPVU) for her assistance in obtaining the NPVU QPF and QPE data; Tara Jensen, John Halley Gotway, and Tressa Fowler from the DTC for their assistance with the confidence intervals and verification software package; and both Eric Parrish and John Adams for their graphical assistance. The authors appreciate the suggestions and input provided by Keith Brill, Mike Bodner, and Tom Workoff of NCEP's WPC and by Tim Schneider and Lynn Johnson at NOAA's ESRL/PSD. Finally, the authors wish to thank the three anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 29 IS 4 BP 894 EP 911 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00061.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM1XY UT WOS:000339643800007 ER PT J AU Reeves, HD Elmore, KL Ryzhkov, A Schuur, T Krause, J AF Reeves, Heather Dawn Elmore, Kimberly L. Ryzhkov, Alexander Schuur, Terry Krause, John TI Sources of Uncertainty in Precipitation-Type Forecasting SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID FREEZING-RAIN; UNITED-STATES; WINTER STORMS; MODEL; TEMPERATURE; EVENTS; CLIMATOLOGY; RESOLUTION; MESOSCALE; SURFACE AB Five implicit precipitation-type algorithms are assessed using observed and model-forecast sounding data in order to measure their accuracy and to gauge the effects of model uncertainty on algorithm performance. When applied to observed soundings, all algorithms provide very reliable guidance on snow and rain (SN and RA). However, their skills for ice pellets and freezing rain (IF and FZRA) are comparatively low. Most misclassifications of IP are for FZRA and vice versa. Deeper investigation reveals that no method used in any of the algorithms to differentiate between IP and FZRA allows for clear discrimination between the two forms. The effects of model uncertainty are also considered. For SN and RA, these effects are minimal and each algorithm performs reliably. Conversely, IP and FZRA are strongly impacted. When the range of uncertainty is fully accounted for, their resulting wet-bulb temperature profiles are nearly indistinguishable, leading to very poor skill for all algorithms. Although currently available data do not allow for a thorough investigation, comparison of the statistics from only those soundings that are associated with long-duration, horizontally uniform regions of FZRA shows there are significant differences between these profiles and those that are from more transient, highly variable environments. Hence, a five-category (SN, RA, IP, FZRA, and IP FZRA mix) approach is advocated to differentiate between sustained regions of horizontally uniform FZRA (or IP) from more mixed environments. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Reeves, HD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Ste 2401,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM heather.reeves@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX This study was made possible in part due to the data made available by the governmental agencies, commercial firms, and educational institutions participating in MesoWest. Special thanks to H. Brooks, H. Burcham, R. Cintineo, S. Koch, D. Stensrud, and the anonymous reviewers. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 29 IS 4 BP 936 EP 953 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00007.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM1XY UT WOS:000339643800009 ER PT J AU Ancell, BC Mass, CF Cook, K Colman, B AF Ancell, Brian C. Mass, Clifford F. Cook, Kirby Colman, Brad TI Comparison of Surface Wind and Temperature Analyses from an Ensemble Kalman Filter and the NWS Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis System SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; INTERPOLATION; SENSITIVITY; REANALYSIS; PREDICTION; CENTERS; ERRORS AB Operational, high-resolution analyses are a vital part of the National Weather Service (NWS) forecasting process. Currently, the Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis (RTMA) system fills this need by providing hourly analyses using a two-dimensional variational assimilation scheme. While success has been shown with the RTMA, an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) approach should outperform the RTMA, since the EnKF utilizes purely flow-dependent covariances during assimilation. The purpose of this study is to compare surface wind and temperature analyses from an EnKF to those of the RTMA to determine the relative skill of each approach. To reveal the influence of complex terrain, comparisons are performed for both the U.S. Pacific Northwest and Midwest. As expected, EnKF analysis increments reveal structures that align with the instantaneous flow, particularly regarding the wind field, for which the EnKF produces superior analyses. The EnKF is no better than the RTMA in strongly varying terrain, which may be a result of enhanced representativeness error in such regions. In contrast, temperature analysis increments are far less sensitive to flow dependence and are similar for both the EnKF and RTMA. RTMA temperature analyses possess slightly better skill than those produced by the EnKF, likely due to sampling error within the EnKF. Similar results for wind and temperature are found when assimilating significantly more and less observations in both systems. The implications of these results for operational production of finescale analyses are discussed. C1 [Ancell, Brian C.] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Mass, Clifford F.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cook, Kirby; Colman, Brad] NOAA, NWS, Seattle, WA USA. RP Ancell, BC (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Box 41053, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM brian.ancell@ttu.edu FU University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) COMET program FX The authors wish to thank Manuel De Pondeca and Michael Lueken of the Environmental Modeling Center (EMC), as well as Per Andersen of the Texas Tech University High Performance Computing Center (HPCC), for their extensive help in getting the operational RTMA system working on Texas Tech computing resources. We also thank Anthony Reinhart for his help with the observational plots in this study. The authors also wish to acknowledge the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) COMET program for funding this work. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1058 EP 1075 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00139.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM1XY UT WOS:000339643800016 ER PT J AU Glahn, B AF Glahn, Bob TI Determining an Optimal Decay Factor for Bias-Correcting MOS Temperature and Dewpoint Forecasts SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID KALMAN FILTER; PREDICTION; WIND AB Model output statistics (MOS) forecast relationships for temperature and dewpoint developed with least squares regression and put into operation by the National Weather Service (NWS) are unbiased over the sample period of development. However, short-term biases within that period can exist, and application of the regression equations to new data may produce forecasts with short- or long-term biases. Because NWP models undergo changes over time, MOS forecasts can be biased because of these changes, and also possibly because of local environmental changes. These biases can be largely eliminated. In the decaying average method, a "decay factor" is used. This value affects not only the short- and long-term bias characteristics, but also other accuracy measures of the forecasts. This paper shows how different values of the decay factor affect MOS temperature and dewpoint forecasts, and the range of factors that would be appropriate for bias correcting those forecasts. Biases and other quality measures are shown for both cool and warm season samples before and after various values of the decay factor have been applied. C1 [Glahn, Bob] NOAA, Meteorol Dev Lab, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Glahn, B (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM harry.glahn@noaa.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1076 EP 1090 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00123.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM1XY UT WOS:000339643800017 ER PT J AU Watson, JT Bigelow, KA AF Watson, Jordan T. Bigelow, Keith A. TI Trade-offs among Catch, Bycatch, and Landed Value in the American Samoa Longline Fishery SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Albacore; longline; nontarget species; observer data; sea turtles; sharks; trade-offs ID EASTERN PACIFIC-OCEAN; HORIZONTAL MOVEMENTS; DEPTH DISTRIBUTION; PELAGIC FISHES; BY-CATCH; TUNA; CLOSURES; BEHAVIOR; TIME; CONSERVATION AB The interspecific preferences of fishes for different depths and habitats suggest fishers could avoid unwanted catches of some species while still effectively targeting other species. In pelagic longline fisheries, albacore (Thunnus alalunga) are often caught in relatively cooler, deeper water (>100 m) than many species of conservation concern (e. g., sea turtles, billfishes, and some sharks) that are caught in shallower water (<100 m). From 2007 to 2011, we examined the depth distributions of hooks for 1154 longline sets (3,406,946 hooks) and recorded captures by hook position on 2642 sets (7,829,498 hooks) in the American Samoa longline fishery. Twenty-three percent of hooks had a settled depth <100 m. Individuals captured in the 3 shallowest hook positions accounted for 18.3% of all bycatch. We analyzed hypothetical impacts for 25 of the most abundant species caught in the fishery by eliminating the 3 shallowest hook positions under scenarios with and without redistribution of these hooks to deeper depths. Distributions varied by species: 45.5% (n = 10) of green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), 59.5% (n = 626) of shortbill spearfish (Tetrapturus angustirostris), 37.3% (n = 435) of silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis), and 42.6% (n = 150) of oceanic whitetip shark (C. longimanus) were caught on the 3 shallowest hooks. Eleven percent (n = 20,435) of all tuna and 8.5% (n = 10,374) of albacore were caught on the 3 shallowest hooks. Hook elimination reduced landed value by 1.6-9.2%, and redistribution of hooks increased average annual landed value relative to the status quo by 5-11.7%. Based on these scenarios, redistribution of hooks to deeper depths may provide an economically feasible modification to longline gear that could substantially reduce bycatch for a suite of vulnerable species. Our results suggest that this method may be applicable to deep-set pelagic longline fisheries worldwide. C1 [Watson, Jordan T.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Watson, Jordan T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Bigelow, Keith A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Watson, JT (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1000 Pope Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jordan.watson@noaa.gov FU Fisheries Disaster Relief Program; Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research [NA09OAR4320075]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA09OAR4320075] FX We thank captains and crews of American Samoa based longline vessels and observers for TDR deployments. We thank S. Kostelnik and R. Kupfer for TDR data management, E. Fletcher for programming support, and E. Forney and J. Willson for data access. C. Boggs, D. Curran, P. Dalzell, M. Pan, Y. Swimmer, and 2 anonymous reviewers provided valuable input. This project was partially funded by the Fisheries Disaster Relief Program and by Cooperative Agreement NA09OAR4320075 between the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subdivisions. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1012 EP 1022 DI 10.1111/cobi.12268 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL9ZB UT WOS:000339501100013 PM 24628499 ER PT J AU Som, NA Monestiez, P Hoef, JMV Zimmerman, DL Peterson, EE AF Som, Nicholas A. Monestiez, Pascal Hoef, Jay M. Ver Zimmerman, Dale L. Peterson, Erin E. TI Spatial sampling on streams: principles for inference on aquatic networks SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article DE sampling design; spatial statistics; stream networks ID PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; STATISTICAL-MODELS; CHANNEL NETWORKS; LINEAR-MODEL; DESIGN; PREDICTION; CONNECTIVITY; VARIABILITY; PERSPECTIVE; SELECTION AB For ecological and environmental data, prior inquiries into spatial sampling designs have considered two-dimensional domains and have shown that design optimality depends on the characteristics of the target spatial domain and intended inference. The structure and water-driven continuity of streams prompted the development of spatial autocovariance models for stream networks. The unique properties of stream networks, and their spatial processes, warrant evaluation of sampling design characteristics in comparison with their two-dimensional counterparts. Common inference scenarios in stream networks include spatial prediction, estimation of fixed effects parameters, and estimation of autocovariance parameters, with prediction and fixed effects estimation most commonly coupled with autocovariance parameter estimation. We consider these inference scenarios under a suite of network characteristics and stream-network spatial processes. Our results demonstrate, for parameter estimation and prediction, the importance of collecting samples from specific network locations. Additionally, our results mirror aspects from the prior two-dimensional sampling design inquiries, namely, the importance of collecting some samples within clusters when autocovariance parameter estimation is required. These results can be applied to help refine sample site selection for future studies and further showcase that understanding the characteristics of the targeted spatial domain is essential for sampling design planning. Published 2014. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Som, Nicholas A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata FWO, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Monestiez, Pascal] INRA, Biostat & Proc Spatiaux, Avignon, France. [Hoef, Jay M. Ver] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Zimmerman, Dale L.] Univ Iowa, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Peterson, Erin E.] CSIRO Computat Informat, Dutton Pk, Qld, Australia. RP Som, NA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata FWO, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM nicholas_som@fws.gov RI Peterson, Erin/D-2360-2009; OI Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895; Monestiez, Pascal/0000-0001-5851-2699 FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis - National Science Foundation [EF-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California FX This study was conducted as part of the Spatial Statistics for Streams Working Group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a center funded by the National Science Foundation (Grant #EF-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara and the State of California. Note that any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The authors thank three anonymous reviewers whose comments led to considerable improvements in the article. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1180-4009 EI 1099-095X J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD AUG PY 2014 VL 25 IS 5 BP 306 EP 323 DI 10.1002/env.2284 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA AL8ZW UT WOS:000339429900002 ER PT J AU Ballantyne, KN Ralf, A Aboukhalid, R Achakzai, NM Anjos, MJ Ayub, Q Balazic, J Ballantyne, J Ballard, DJ Berger, B Bobillo, C Bouabdellah, M Burri, H Capal, T Caratti, S Cardenas, J Cartault, F Carvalho, EF Carvalho, M Cheng, BW Coble, MD Comas, D Corach, D D'Amato, ME Davison, S de Knijff, P De Ungria, MCA Decorte, R Dobosz, T Dupuy, BM Elmrghni, S Gliwinski, M Gomes, SC Grol, L Haas, C Hanson, E Henke, J Henke, L Herrera-Rodriguez, F Hill, CR Holmlund, G Honda, K Immel, UD Inokuchi, S Jobling, MA Kaddura, M Kim, JS Kim, SH Kim, W King, TE Klausriegler, E Kling, D Kovacevic, L Kovatsi, L Krajewski, P Kravchenko, S Larmuseau, MHD Lee, EY Lessig, R Livshits, LA Marjanovic, D Minarik, M Mizuno, N Moreira, H Morling, N Mukherjee, M Munier, P Nagaraju, J Neuhuber, F Nie, SJ Nilasitsataporn, P Nishi, T Oh, HH Olofsson, J Onofri, V Palo, JU Pamjav, H Parson, W Petlach, M Phillips, C Ploski, R Prasad, SPR Primorac, D Purnomo, GA Purps, J Rangel-Villalobos, H Rebala, K Rerkamnuaychoke, B Gonzalez, DR Robino, C Roewer, L Rosa, A Sajantila, A Sala, A Salvador, JM Sanz, P Schmitt, C Sharma, AK Silva, DA Shin, KJ Sijen, T Sirker, M Sivakova, D Skaro, V Solano-Matamoros, C Souto, L Stenzl, V Sudoyo, H Syndercombe-Court, D Tagliabracci, A Taylor, D Tillmar, A Tsybovsky, IS Tyler-Smith, C van der Gaag, KJ Vanek, D Volgyi, A Ward, D Willemse, P Yap, EPH Yong, RYY Pajnic, IZ Kayser, M AF Ballantyne, Kaye N. Ralf, Arwin Aboukhalid, Rachid Achakzai, Niaz M. Anjos, Maria J. Ayub, Qasim Balazic, Joze Ballantyne, Jack Ballard, David J. Berger, Burkhard Bobillo, Cecilia Bouabdellah, Mehdi Burri, Helen Capal, Tomas Caratti, Stefano Cardenas, Jorge Cartault, Francois Carvalho, Elizeu F. Carvalho, Monica Cheng, Baowen Coble, Michael D. Comas, David Corach, Daniel D'Amato, Maria E. Davison, Sean de Knijff, Peter De Ungria, Maria Corazon A. Decorte, Ronny Dobosz, Tadeusz Dupuy, Berit M. Elmrghni, Samir Gliwinski, Mateusz Gomes, Sara C. Grol, Laurens Haas, Cordula Hanson, Erin Henke, Juergen Henke, Lotte Herrera-Rodriguez, Fabiola Hill, Carolyn R. Holmlund, Gunilla Honda, Katsuya Immel, Uta-Dorothee Inokuchi, Shota Jobling, Mark A. Kaddura, Mahmoud Kim, Jong S. Kim, Soon H. Kim, Wook King, Turi E. Klausriegler, Eva Kling, Daniel Kovacevic, Lejla Kovatsi, Leda Krajewski, Pawel Kravchenko, Sergey Larmuseau, Maarten H. D. Lee, Eun Young Lessig, Ruediger Livshits, Ludmila A. Marjanovic, Damir Minarik, Marek Mizuno, Natsuko Moreira, Helena Morling, Niels Mukherjee, Meeta Munier, Patrick Nagaraju, Javaregowda Neuhuber, Franz Nie, Shengjie Nilasitsataporn, Premlaphat Nishi, Takeki Oh, Hye H. Olofsson, Jill Onofri, Valerio Palo, Jukka U. Pamjav, Horolma Parson, Walther Petlach, Michal Phillips, Christopher Ploski, Rafal Prasad, Samayamantri P. R. Primorac, Dragan Purnomo, Gludhug A. Purps, Josephine Rangel-Villalobos, Hector Rebala, Krzysztof Rerkamnuaychoke, Budsaba Rey Gonzalez, Danel Robino, Carlo Roewer, Lutz Rosa, Alexandra Sajantila, Antti Sala, Andrea Salvador, Jazelyn M. Sanz, Paula Schmitt, Cornelia Sharma, Anil K. Silva, Dayse A. Shin, Kyoung-Jin Sijen, Titia Sirker, Miriam Sivakova, Daniela Skaro, Vedrana Solano-Matamoros, Carlos Souto, Luis Stenzl, Vlastimil Sudoyo, Herawati Syndercombe-Court, Denise Tagliabracci, Adriano Taylor, Duncan Tillmar, Andreas Tsybovsky, Iosif S. Tyler-Smith, Chris van der Gaag, Kristiaan J. Vanek, Daniel Volgyi, Antonia Ward, Denise Willemse, Patricia Yap, Eric P. H. Yong, Rita Y. Y. Pajnic, Irena Zupanic Kayser, Manfred TI Toward Male Individualization with Rapidly Mutating Y-Chromosomal Short Tandem Repeats SO HUMAN MUTATION LA English DT Article DE Y-chromosome; Y-STRs; haplotypes; RM Y-STRs; paternal lineage; forensic ID FORENSIC ANALYSIS; STR HAPLOTYPES; POPULATIONS; RECOMMENDATIONS; DIVERSITY; DATABASE; HISTORY; UPDATE; ISFG AB Relevant for various areas of human genetics, Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are commonly used for testing close paternal relationships among individuals and populations, and for male lineage identification. However, even the widely used 17-loci Yfiler set cannot resolve individuals and populations completely. Here, 52 centers generated quality-controlled data of 13 rapidly mutating (RM) Y-STRs in 14,644 related and unrelated males from 111 worldwide populations. Strikingly, >99% of the 12,272 unrelated males were completely individualized. Haplotype diversity was extremely high (global: 0.9999985, regional: 0.99836-0.9999988). Haplotype sharing between populations was almost absent except for six (0.05%) of the 12,156 haplotypes. Haplotype sharing within populations was generally rare (0.8% nonunique haplotypes), significantly lower in urban (0.9%) than rural (2.1%) and highest in endogamous groups (14.3%). Analysis of molecular variance revealed 99.98% of variation within populations, 0.018% among populations within groups, and 0.002% among groups. Of the 2,372 newly and 156 previously typed male relative pairs, 29% were differentiated including 27% of the 2,378 father-son pairs. Relative to Yfiler, haplotype diversity was increased in 86% of the populations tested and overall male relative differentiation was raised by 23.5%. Our study demonstrates the value of RMY-STRs in identifying and separating unrelated and related males and provides a reference database. Published 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.** C1 [Ballantyne, Kaye N.; Ralf, Arwin; Kayser, Manfred] Erasmus MC Univ, Med Ctr Rotterdam, Dept Forens Mol Biol, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Ballantyne, Kaye N.] Victoria Police Forens Serv Dept, Off Chief Forens Scientist, Macleod, Vic, Australia. [Aboukhalid, Rachid; Bouabdellah, Mehdi] Mohammed V Agdal Univ, Fac Sci, Immunol & Biochem Lab, Forens Genet Unit, Rabat, Morocco. [Achakzai, Niaz M.] Univ Punjab, CEMB, Ctr Excellence Mol Biol, DNA Typing Lab, Lahore, Pakistan. [Anjos, Maria J.; Carvalho, Monica] Natl Inst Legal Med & Forens Sci IP, Forens Genet Serv, Coimbra, Portugal. [Ayub, Qasim; Tyler-Smith, Chris] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Hinxton, South Cambridge, England. [Balazic, Joze; Pajnic, Irena Zupanic] Univ Ljubljana, Fac Med, Inst Forens Med, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Ballantyne, Jack] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Chem, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Ballantyne, Jack; Hanson, Erin] Univ Cent Florida, Natl Ctr Forens Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Ballard, David J.; Syndercombe-Court, Denise] Kings Coll London, Dept Forens & Analyt Sci, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Berger, Burkhard; Parson, Walther] Med Univ Innsbruck, Inst Legal Med, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Bobillo, Cecilia; Corach, Daniel; Sala, Andrea] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Farm & Bioquim, Serv Huellas Digit Genet, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Bobillo, Cecilia; Corach, Daniel; Sala, Andrea] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Burri, Helen; Haas, Cordula] Univ Zurich, Inst Legal Med, Zurich, Switzerland. [Capal, Tomas; Stenzl, Vlastimil] Inst Criminalist Prague, Dept Forens Genet, Prague, Czech Republic. [Caratti, Stefano; Robino, Carlo] Univ Turin, Dept Publ Hlth Sci & Pediat, Turin, Italy. [Cardenas, Jorge; Phillips, Christopher; Rey Gonzalez, Danel] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Inst Legal Med, Forens Genet Unit, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Cartault, Francois; Munier, Patrick] Site Ctr Hosp Felix Guyon, Serv Genet, St Denis, Reunion. [Carvalho, Elizeu F.; Silva, Dayse A.] Univ Estado Rio De Janeiro, Inst Biol, Dept Ecol, DNA Lab, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Cheng, Baowen] Yunnan Prov Dept Publ Secur, Inst Forens Sci, Kunming, Peoples R China. [Coble, Michael D.; Hill, Carolyn R.] NIST, Appl Genet Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Comas, David; Sanz, Paula] Univ Pompeu Fabra, Inst Biol Evolut CSIC UPF, Dept Ciencies Expt & Salut, Barcelona, Spain. [D'Amato, Maria E.; Davison, Sean] Univ Western Cape, Dept Biotechnol, Forens DNA Lab, Cape Town, South Africa. [de Knijff, Peter; van der Gaag, Kristiaan J.; Willemse, Patricia] Leiden Univ, Dept Human Genet, Med Ctr, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [De Ungria, Maria Corazon A.; Salvador, Jazelyn M.] Univ Philippines, Nat Sci Res Inst, DNA Anal Lab, Quezon City 1101, Philippines. [Decorte, Ronny; Larmuseau, Maarten H. D.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Imaging & Pathol, Lab Forens Genet & Mol Archaeol, Leuven, Belgium. [Dobosz, Tadeusz] Wroclaw Med Univ, Dept Forens Med, Wroclaw, Poland. [Dupuy, Berit M.; Kling, Daniel] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Family Genet, Oslo, Norway. [Elmrghni, Samir; Kaddura, Mahmoud] Univ Benghazi, Fac Med, Dept Forens Med & Toxicol, Benghazi, Libya. [Gliwinski, Mateusz; Rebala, Krzysztof] Med Univ Gdansk, Dept Forens Med, Gdansk, Poland. [Gomes, Sara C.; Rosa, Alexandra] Univ Madeira, Human Genet Lab, Funchal, Portugal. [Grol, Laurens; Sijen, Titia] Netherlands Forens Inst, Dept Human Biol Traces R&D, The Hague, Netherlands. [Henke, Juergen; Henke, Lotte] Inst Blutgruppenforsch LGC GmbH, Cologne, Germany. [Herrera-Rodriguez, Fabiola] Poder Judicial, Dept Ciencias Forenses, Secc Bioquim, Unidad Genet Forense, San Joaquin De Flores, Heredia, Costa Rica. [Holmlund, Gunilla; Tillmar, Andreas] Linkoping Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Linkoping, Sweden. [Holmlund, Gunilla; Tillmar, Andreas] Natl Board Forens Med, Dept Forens Genet & Forens Toxicol, Linkoping, Sweden. [Honda, Katsuya; Nishi, Takeki] Univ Tsukuba, Fac Med, Dept Legal Med, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Immel, Uta-Dorothee; Lessig, Ruediger] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Legal Med, D-06108 Halle, Germany. [Inokuchi, Shota; Mizuno, Natsuko] Natl Res Inst Police Sci, Kashiwa, Chiba 2770882, Japan. [Jobling, Mark A.; King, Turi E.] Univ Leicester, Dept Genet, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Kim, Jong S.; Oh, Hye H.] Supreme Prosecutors Off, DNA Forens Div, Seoul, South Korea. [Kim, Soon H.] Natl Forens Serv, Eastern Dist Off, DNA Anal Lab, Gangwon Do, South Korea. [Kim, Wook] Dankook Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Cheonan, South Korea. [Klausriegler, Eva; Neuhuber, Franz] Salzburg Univ, Inst Legal Med, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria. [Kovacevic, Lejla; Marjanovic, Damir] Inst Genet Engn & Biotechnol, Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herceg. [Kovatsi, Leda] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Sch Med, Lab Forens Med & Toxicol, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. [Krajewski, Pawel] Med Univ Warsaw, Ctr Biostruct, Dept Forens Med, Warsaw, Poland. [Kravchenko, Sergey; Livshits, Ludmila A.] NASU, Inst Mol Biol & Genet, Dept Human Genom, Kiev, Ukraine. [Lee, Eun Young; Shin, Kyoung-Jin] Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Dept Forens Med, Seoul, South Korea. [Minarik, Marek; Petlach, Michal] Genomac Forens Inst, Prague, Czech Republic. [Moreira, Helena; Souto, Luis] Univ Aveiro, Dept Biol, Lab Genet Aplicada, P-3800 Aveiro, Portugal. [Morling, Niels; Olofsson, Jill] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Dept Forens Med, Sect Forens Genet, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Mukherjee, Meeta; Sharma, Anil K.] Govt India, Minist Home Affairs, Directorate Forens Sci Serv, Cent Forens Sci Lab, Kolkata, India. [Nagaraju, Javaregowda; Prasad, Samayamantri P. R.] Ctr DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnost, Lab DNA Fingerprinting Serv, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Nie, Shengjie] Kunming Med Univ, Sch Forens Med, Kunming, Peoples R China. [Nilasitsataporn, Premlaphat] Royal Thai Police, Off Forens Sci Police, Cent Sci Crime Detect Div, DNA & Biol Unit, Bangkok, Thailand. [Onofri, Valerio; Tagliabracci, Adriano] Univ Politecn Marche, Dept Biomed Sci & Publ Hlth, Sect Legal Med, Ancona, Italy. [Palo, Jukka U.; Sajantila, Antti] Univ Helsinki, Hjelt Inst, Dept Forens Med, Helsinki, Finland. [Pamjav, Horolma; Volgyi, Antonia] Minist Publ Adm & Justice, Network Forens Sci Inst, Inst Forens Med, DNA Lab, Budapest, Hungary. [Parson, Walther; Primorac, Dragan] Penn State Univ, Eberly Coll Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ploski, Rafal] Med Univ Warsaw, Ctr Biostruct, Dept Med Genet, Warsaw, Poland. [Primorac, Dragan] Univ New Haven, Henry C Lee Coll Criminal Justice & Forens Sci, West Haven, CT USA. [Primorac, Dragan] Univ Split, Sch Med, Split, Croatia. [Primorac, Dragan] Univ Osijek, Sch Med, Osijek, Croatia. [Purnomo, Gludhug A.; Sudoyo, Herawati] Eijkman Inst Mol Biol, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Purps, Josephine; Roewer, Lutz] Charite, Inst Legal Med & Forens Sci, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. [Rangel-Villalobos, Hector] Univ Guadalajara CUCienega UdeG, Inst Invest Genet Mol, Jalisco, Mexico. [Rerkamnuaychoke, Budsaba] Mahidol Univ, Ramathibodi Hosp, Fac Med, Dept Pathol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Rosa, Alexandra] Univ Madeira, Ctr Life Sci, Med Sci Unit, Funchal, Portugal. [Sajantila, Antti] Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Mol & Med Genet, Inst Appl Genet, Ft Worth, TX USA. [Schmitt, Cornelia; Sirker, Miriam] Univ Cologne, Fac Med, Inst Legal Med, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. [Sivakova, Daniela] Comenius Univ, Dept Anthropol, Bratislava, Slovakia. [Skaro, Vedrana] Genos Ltd, DNA Lab, Zagreb, Croatia. [Solano-Matamoros, Carlos] Univ Costa Rica, Fac Microbiol, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Taylor, Duncan] Forens Sci South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Taylor, Duncan] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Tsybovsky, Iosif S.] State Comm Forens Expertises, Sci & Pract Ctr, Minsk, Byelarus. [Vanek, Daniel] Forens DNA Serv, Prague, Czech Republic. [Vanek, Daniel] Charles Univ Prague, Inst,Legal Med, Fac Med 2, Prague, Czech Republic. [Ward, Denise] Forens Sci South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Yap, Eric P. H.; Yong, Rita Y. Y.] DSO Natl Labs, Def Med & Environm Res Inst, Singapore, Singapore. RP Kayser, M (reprint author), Erasmus MC Univ, Med Ctr Rotterdam, Dept Forens Mol Biol, POB 2040, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM m.kayser@erasmusmc.nl RI Ballard, David/B-8392-2014; Phillips, Christopher/E-4005-2012; Yap, Eric/F-9501-2015; Minarik, Marek/B-5995-2009 OI Ayub, Qasim/0000-0003-3291-0917; Taylor, Duncan/0000-0003-0633-7424; Robino, Carlo/0000-0003-1187-7732; Sirker, Miriam/0000-0003-2979-4257; Yong, Rita/0000-0002-9770-6565; Rosa, Alexandra/0000-0002-1827-6828; Caratti, Stefano/0000-0002-8876-9724; Parson, Walther/0000-0002-5692-2392; Skaro, Vedrana/0000-0002-8275-867X; Ploski, Rafal/0000-0001-6286-5526; Tagliabracci, Adriano/0000-0002-4434-0475; D'Amato, Maria Eugenia/0000-0003-0990-0219; Phillips, Christopher/0000-0002-9601-0128; Minarik, Marek/0000-0002-0615-6116 FU Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)/Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) within the framework of the Forensic Genomics Consortium Netherlands (FGCN); Wellcome Trust [098051, 087576]; Leverhulme Trust [F/00 212/AM]; ALPKULTUR; Austrian Academy of Sciences' "Alpine Research Programme"; Spanish Government [CGL2010-14944/BOS]; UBACyT, Argentina [20020100100744]; PIP CONICET, Argentina [1220110100914]; FWO-Vlaanderen; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31100906, 81241136]; Medical Research Council of South Africa; National Research Foundation of South Africa; Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and Development (PCIEERD) of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST); Finnish Foundations' Professors Pool, Paulo Foundation FX Contract grant sponsors: Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)/Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) within the framework of the Forensic Genomics Consortium Netherlands (FGCN); The Wellcome Trust (098051); The Wellcome Trust (087576); Leverhulme Trust (F/00 212/AM); ALPKULTUR and the Austrian Academy of Sciences' "Alpine Research Programme"; Spanish Government (CGL2010-14944/BOS); UBACyT 20020100100744 and PIP CONICET No1220110100914, Argentina; FWO-Vlaanderen; National Natural Science Foundation of China (31100906 and 81241136); Medical Research Council of South Africa and the National Research Foundation of South Africa; Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and Development (PCIEERD) of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST); Finnish Foundations' Professors Pool, Paulo Foundation. NR 34 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1059-7794 EI 1098-1004 J9 HUM MUTAT JI Hum. Mutat. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1021 EP 1032 DI 10.1002/humu.22599 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AL9AL UT WOS:000339431600016 PM 24917567 ER PT J AU Sandwell, DT Smith, WHF AF Sandwell, David T. Smith, Walter H. F. TI Slope correction for ocean radar altimetry SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Radar altimetry; Ocean circulation; Marine gravity ID CONTINENTAL ICE AB We develop a slope correction model to improve the accuracy of mean sea surface topography models as well as marine gravity models. The correction is greatest above ocean trenches and large seamounts where the slope of the geoid exceeds 100 rad. In extreme cases, the correction to the mean sea surface height is 40 mm and the correction to the along-track altimeter slope is 1-2 rad which maps into a 1-2 mGal gravity error. Both corrections are easily applied using existing grids of sea surface slope from satellite altimetry. C1 [Sandwell, David T.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Smith, Walter H. F.] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Sandwell, DT (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dsandwell@ucsd.edu RI Smith, Walter/F-5627-2010; OI Smith, Walter/0000-0002-8814-015X; Sandwell, David/0000-0001-5657-8707 FU ConocoPhillips; National Science Foundation [OCE-1128801]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-12-1-0111]; National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency [HM0177-13-1-0008] FX The CryoSat-2 and Envisat data were provided by the European Space agency, and NASA/CNES provided data from the Jason-1 altimeter. This research was supported by ConocoPhillips, the National Science Foundation (OCE-1128801), the Office of Naval Research (N00014-12-1-0111) and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (HM0177-13-1-0008). The manuscript contents are the opinions of the authors and the participation of W. H. F. Smith should not be construed as indicating that the contents of the paper are a statement of official policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the US Government. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-7714 EI 1432-1394 J9 J GEODESY JI J. Geodesy PD AUG PY 2014 VL 88 IS 8 BP 765 EP 771 DI 10.1007/s00190-014-0720-1 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA AL8WV UT WOS:000339421400004 ER PT J AU Chai, H Lee, JJW Mieleszko, AJ Chu, SJ Zhang, Y AF Chai, Herzl Lee, James J. -W. Mieleszko, Adam J. Chu, Stephen J. Zhang, Yu TI On the interfacial fracture of porcelain/zirconia and graded zirconia dental structures SO ACTA BIOMATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Interfacial fracture energy; Delamination; All-ceramic dental restorations; Porcelain-veneered zirconia; Graded zirconia ID FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES; ALL-CERAMIC RESTORATIONS; CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS; VENEERING CERAMICS; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; BOND STRENGTH; FAILURE MODES; RESISTANCE; CROWNS; PROSTHESES AB Porcelain fused to zirconia (PFZ) restorations are widely used in prosthetic dentistry. However, their susceptibility to fracture remains a practical problem. The failure of PFZ prostheses often involves crack initiation and growth in the porcelain, which may be followed by fracture along the porcelain/zirconia (P/Z) interface. In this work, we characterized the process of fracture in two PFZ systems, as well as a newly developed graded glass-zirconia structure with emphases placed on resistance to interfacial cracking. Thin porcelain layers were fused onto Y-TZP plates with or without the presence of a glass binder. The specimens were loaded in a four-point-bending fixture with the thin porcelain veneer in tension, simulating the lower portion of the connectors and marginal areas of a fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) during occlusal loading. The evolution of damage was observed by a video camera. The fracture was characterized by unstable growth of cracks perpendicular to the P/Z interface (channel cracks) in the porcelain layer, which was followed by stable cracking along the P/Z interface. The interfacial fracture energy G(C) was determined by a finite-element analysis taking into account stress-shielding effects due to the presence of adjacent channel cracks. The resulting G(C) was considerably less than commonly reported values for similar systems. Fracture in the graded Y-TZP samples occurred via a single channel crack at a much greater stress than for PFZ. No delamination between the residual glass layer and graded zirconia occurred in any of the tests. Combined with its enhanced resistance to edge chipping and good esthetic quality, graded Y-TZP emerges as a viable material concept for dental restorations. (C) 2014 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chai, Herzl] Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, Sch Mech Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Lee, James J. -W.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mieleszko, Adam J.; Chu, Stephen J.] New York Ctr Specialized Dent, New York, NY 10155 USA. [Chu, Stephen J.] Columbia Univ, Coll Dent Med, Dept Prosthodont, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Zhang, Yu] NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Biomat & Biomimet, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Biomat & Biomimet, 345 East 24th St,Room 813C, New York, NY 10010 USA. EM yz21@nyu.edu FU United States National Institutes of Health [2R01 DE017925]; United States National Science Foundation [CMMI-0758530]; Israeli Science Foundation (ISF) [810/09] FX This work was sponsored by funding from the United States National Institutes of Health (Principal Investigator Y.Z., Grant 2R01 DE017925), the United States National Science Foundation (Principal Investigator Y.Z., Grant CMMI-0758530), and the Israeli Science Foundation (Principal Investigator H.C., ISF Grant No. 810/09). NR 48 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-7061 EI 1878-7568 J9 ACTA BIOMATER JI Acta Biomater. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 10 IS 8 BP 3756 EP 3761 DI 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.04.016 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AL9KH UT WOS:000339459500038 PM 24769152 ER PT J AU Meinen, CS Garzoli, SL AF Meinen, Christopher S. Garzoli, Silvia L. TI Attribution of Deep Western Boundary Current variability at 26.5 degrees N SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Deep Western Boundary Current; MOC; PIES; Volume transport; North Atlantic Ocean; Variability ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; SUBTROPICAL NORTH-ATLANTIC; INVERTED ECHO SOUNDERS; 26.5 DEGREES N; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT VARIABILITY; ROSSBY WAVES; OCEAN; BAHAMAS; ALTIMETRY AB Observed variations in the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) at 26.5 degrees N, which carries the deep limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC), have been shown to greatly exceed in magnitude the variations of the overall basin-wide MOC, with strong variability at a range of time scales from weeks to multiple-months. Attribution of these strong DWBC variations will be crucial for understanding variations in the MOC itself. Nevertheless, despite many years of moored observations of the DWBC at 26.5 degrees N, understanding of these variations has been elusive. Two years of observations from a high horizontal resolution array of pressure-equipped inverted echo sounders are used together with output from a modern high-resolution numerical model to investigate the mechanisms behind these +/- 20 x 10(6) m(3) s(-1) volume transport variations. The model and observational results together suggest that the strongest variations cannot be explained solely via either of the two most commonly proposed mechanisms - meandering or pulsation of the DWBC. The dominant mechanism appears to be propagation of Rossby Wave-like structures into the region from the east, and it is the impact of these features in the region that yield the largest transport anomalies. These waves have been observed and discussed in the past - however their key role as the dominant source of DWBC variability has not previously been recognized. The implications of these results are also discussed in the context of future observing systems for the DWBC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Meinen, Christopher S.; Garzoli, Silvia L.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Garzoli, Silvia L.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Meinen, CS (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Christopher.Meinen@noaa.gov RI Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012; Garzoli, Silvia/A-3556-2010 OI Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002; Garzoli, Silvia/0000-0003-3553-2253 FU NOAA Climate Program Office; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; NSF Physical Oceanography Program [OCE0241438, OCE0728108] FX The authors would like to express their appreciation to the ship officers and crew of the R/V Seward Johnson, R/V Cape Hatteras, and the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown for their assistance in maintaining the NOAA Western Boundary Time Series - Deep Western Boundary Current array during this time period. Support for this study was provided by the NOAA Climate Program Office and the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, with some additional piggy-back ship time provided on cruises funded by the NSF Physical Oceanography Program (Grants OCE0241438 and OCE0728108). Qi Yao and Rigoberto Garcia provided outstanding assistance in processing and analyzing the data used herein, Francis Bringas aided in obtaining the altimetry data, and the NOAA-AOML Physical Oceanography Division instrumentation group provided operational assistance deploying and recovering the instruments. The OFES model output was kindly provided by Hide Sasaki at JAMSTEC. Greg Foltz, George Halliwell and two anonymous reviewers provided several helpful comments for improving earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 90 BP 81 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2014.04.016 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AL2TN UT WOS:000338978400008 ER PT J AU Brown, CW Uz, SS Corliss, BH AF Brown, Christopher W. Uz, Stephanie Schollaert Corliss, Bruce H. TI Seasonality of oceanic primary production and its interannual variability from 1998 to 2007 SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Seasonality; Episodicity; Oceanic primary productivity; Satellite ocean color radiometry ID CHLOROPHYLL-A CONCENTRATION; 1997-98 EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; CARBON FLUXES; GLOBAL OCEAN; WARM POOL; SEA; ATLANTIC; CLIMATE AB The seasonality of primary productivity plays an important role in nutrient and carbon cycling. We quantify the seasonality of satellite-derived, oceanic net primary production (NPP) and its interannual variability during the first decade of the SeaWiFS mission (1998 to 2007) using a normalized seasonality index (NSI). The NSI, which is based upon production half-time, t(1/2), generally becomes progressively more episodic with increasing latitude in open ocean waters, spanning from a relatively constant rate of primary productivity throughout the year (mean t(1/2) similar to 5 months) in subtropical waters to more pulsed events (mean t(1/2) similar to 3 months) in subpolar waters. This relatively gradual, poleward pattern in NSI differs from recent estimates of phytoplankton bloom duration, another measure of seasonality, at lower latitudes (similar to 40 degrees S-40 degrees N). These differences likely reflect the temporal component of production assessed by each metric, with NSI able to more fully capture the irregular nature of production characteristic of waters in this zonal band. The interannual variability in NSI was generally low, with higher variability observed primarily in frontal and seasonal upwelling zones. The influence of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation on this variability was clearly evident, particularly in the equatorial Pacific, where primary productivity was anomalously episodic from the date line east to the coast of South America in 1998. Yearly seasonality and the magnitude of annual production were generally positively correlated at mid-latitudes and negatively correlated at tropical latitudes, particularly in a region bordering the Pacific equatorial divergence. This implies that increases of annual production in the former region are attained over the course of a year by shorter duration but higher magnitude NPP events, while in the latter areas it results from an increased frequency or duration of similar magnitude events. Statistically significant trends in the seasonality, both positive and negative, were detected in various patches. We suggest that NSI be used together with other phenomenological characteristics of phytoplankton biomass and productivity, such as the timing of bloom initiation and duration, as a means to remotely quantify phytoplankton seasonality and monitor the response of the oceanic ecosystem to environmental variability and climate change. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Brown, Christopher W.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Brown, Christopher W.; Uz, Stephanie Schollaert] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Corliss, Bruce H.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Brown, CW (reprint author), Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Suite 4001,M Square Off Bldg,5825 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM christopher.w.brown@noaa.gov RI Brown, Christopher/B-8213-2008 OI Brown, Christopher/0000-0002-9905-6391 FU Center for Satellite Applications and Research of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX We thank the Ocean Biology Processing Group at the Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, for the production and distribution of the SeaWiFS imagery, and the NASA Ocean Color MEASURES project, the University of Santa Barbara, and Oregon State University for generating and distributing the NPP data. CWB thanks Robert O'Malley and Stephane Maritorena for assistance with the NPP data, Mathew Sapiano for statistical advice and assistance in generating figures, Patrick Meyer for assistance with MATLAB, and Anand Gnanadesikan, Ian Walsh, Ken Johnson, and Bob Vaillancourt for valuable discussion. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for offering suggestions that improved an earlier version of this manuscript. This study was supported by the Center for Satellite Applications and Research of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 59 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 52 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 90 BP 166 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2014.05.009 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AL2TN UT WOS:000338978400015 ER PT J AU Ehrlich, C AF Ehrlich, Charles TI Terminological aspects of the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE GUM; terminology; uncertainty AB The Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) provided for the first time an international consensus on how to approach the widespread difficulties associated with conveying information about how reliable the value resulting from a measurement is thought to be. This paper examines the evolution in thinking and its impact on the terminology that accompanied the development of the GUM. Particular emphasis is put on the very clear distinction in the GUM between measurement uncertainty and measurement error, and on the reasons that even though 'true value' and 'error' are considered in the GUM to be 'unknowable' and, sometimes by implication, of little (or even no) use in measurement analysis, they remain as key concepts, especially when considering the objective of measurement. While probability theory in measurement analysis from a frequentist perspective was in widespread use prior to the publication of the GUM, a key underpinning principle of the GUM was to instead consider probability as a 'degree of belief.' The terminological changes necessary to make this transition are also covered. Even twenty years after the publication of the GUM, the scientific and metrology literatures sometimes contain uncertainty analyses, or discussions of measurement uncertainty, that are not terminologically consistent with the GUM, leading to the inability of readers to fully understand what has been done and what is intended in the associated measurements. This paper concludes with a discussion of the importance of using proper methodology and terminology for reporting measurement results. C1 NIST, Int Legal Metrol Program, Off Weights & Measures, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ehrlich, C (reprint author), NIST, Int Legal Metrol Program, Off Weights & Measures, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM charles.ehrlich@nist.gov NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD AUG PY 2014 VL 51 IS 4 BP S145 EP S154 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/51/4/S145 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AL6IG UT WOS:000339235200002 ER PT J AU Possolo, A AF Possolo, Antonio TI Statistical models and computation to evaluate measurement uncertainty SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE measurement model; observation equation; Monte Carlo methods; Bayesian methods; calibration; interlaboratory study; Key comparison ID DISTRIBUTIONS; PARAMETERS; EQUATIONS; DNA AB In the course of the twenty years since the publication of the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM), the recognition has been steadily growing of the value that statistical models and statistical computing bring to the evaluation of measurement uncertainty, and of how they enable its probabilistic interpretation. These models and computational methods can address all the problems originally discussed and illustrated in the GUM, and enable addressing other, more challenging problems, that measurement science is facing today and that it is expected to face in the years ahead. These problems that lie beyond the reach of the techniques in the GUM include (i) characterizing the uncertainty associated with the assignment of value to measurands of greater complexity than, or altogether different in nature from, the scalar or vectorial measurands entertained in the GUM: for example, sequences of nucleotides in DNA, calibration functions and optical and other spectra, spatial distribution of radioactivity over a geographical region, shape of polymeric scaffolds for bioengineering applications, etc; (ii) incorporating relevant information about the measurand that predates or is otherwise external to the measurement experiment; (iii) combining results from measurements of the same measurand that are mutually independent, obtained by different methods or produced by different laboratories. This review of several of these statistical models and computational methods illustrates some of the advances that they have enabled, and in the process invites a reflection on the interesting historical fact that these very same models and methods, by and large, were already available twenty years ago, when the GUM was first published-but then the dialogue between metrologists, statisticians and mathematicians was still in bud. It is in full bloom today, much to the benefit of all. C1 NIST, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Possolo, A (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM antonio.possolo@nist.gov NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD AUG PY 2014 VL 51 IS 4 BP S228 EP S236 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/51/4/S228 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AL6IG UT WOS:000339235200012 ER PT J AU van Zee, RD Spinler, S AF van Zee, Roger D. Spinler, Stefan TI Real option valuation of public sector R&D investments with a down-and-out barrier option SO TECHNOVATION LA English DT Article DE Down-and-out barrier; Publically funded R&D; Real options; Risk management; Stretched trinomial lattice ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; MODEL; RISK; UNCERTAINTY; MANAGEMENT; INNOVATION; DESIGN; FIRMS AB This paper presents a real options approach for valuing public-sector research and development projects, using a down-and-out barrier option. Specifically, it considers the potential savings to the tax payer for investing in technology to be purchased by a national government. The valuation is performed with stretched trinomial lattices. Government-driven demand for this technology is equated with the underlying asset, and valuation measured in terms of potential government savings. Two variables, volatility of demand for the technology and unit cost, are treated as uncertain. A Monte Carlo simulation is performed to understand the effects of these variables on the valuation. Other variables are estimated, and a parametric analysis is performed to understand the effects of these variables. To illustrate how this approach' could be used, the development of a new sensor, to be used in large networks that track greenhouse gas fluxes, is considered as an example. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [van Zee, Roger D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Spinler, Stefan] Kuehne Fdn, WHU, Endowed Chair Logist Management, Otto Beisheim Sch Management, D-56179 Vallendar, Germany. RP Spinler, S (reprint author), Kuehne Fdn, WHU, Endowed Chair Logist Management, Otto Beisheim Sch Management, Burgpl 2, D-56179 Vallendar, Germany. EM roger.vanzee@nist.gov; sspinler@whu.edu NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-4972 EI 1879-2383 J9 TECHNOVATION JI Technovation PD AUG PY 2014 VL 34 IS 8 SI SI BP 477 EP 484 DI 10.1016/j.technovation.2013.06.005 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA AL5BY UT WOS:000339149700009 ER PT J AU Li, D AF Li, Dan TI Assessing the impact of interannual variability of precipitation and potential evaporation on evapotranspiration SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Budyko; Evapotranspiration; Precipitation; Potential evaporation; Interannual variability; Stochastic soil moisture model ID MEAN ANNUAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; ENERGY BALANCE FRAMEWORKS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; WATER-BALANCE; SOIL-MOISTURE; ECOSYSTEMS; STREAMFLOW; FLUXES; SEASONALITY AB The impact of interannual variability of precipitation and potential evaporation on the long-term mean annual evapotranspiration as well as on the interannual variability of evapotranspiration is studied using a stochastic soil moisture model within the Budyko framework. Results indicate that given the same long-term mean annual precipitation and potential evaporation, including interannual variability of precipitation and potential evaporation reduces the long-term mean annual evapotranspiration. This reduction effect is mostly prominent when the dryness index (i.e., the ratio of potential evaporation to precipitation) is within the range from 0.5 to 2. The maximum reductions in the evaporation ratio (i.e., the ratio of evapotranspiration to precipitation) can reach 8-10% for a range of coefficient of variation (CV) values for precipitation and potential evaporation. The relations between the maximum reductions and the CV values of precipitation and potential evaporation follow power laws. Hence the larger the interannual variability of precipitation and potential evaporation becomes, the larger the reductions in the evaporation ratio will be. The inclusion of interannual variability of precipitation and potential evaporation also increases the interannual variability of evapotranspiration. It is found that the interannual variability of daily rainfall depth and that of the frequency of daily rainfall events have quantitatively different impacts on the interannual variability of evapotranspiration; and they also interact differently with the interannual variability of potential evaporation. The results presented in this study demonstrate the importance of understanding the role of interannual variability of precipitation and potential evaporation in land surface hydrology under a warming climate. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Dan] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Li, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM danl@princeton.edu RI Li, Dan /G-5794-2015 FU NOAA (U.S. Department of Commerce) [NA08OAR4320752]; Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University - BP FX Support from the NOAA (U.S. Department of Commerce) grant NA08OAR4320752 and the Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University, sponsored by BP is acknowledged. The statements, findings, and conclusions are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NOAA, the U.S. Department of Commerce or BP. I would like to thank Professor Ignacio Rodriguez-Iturbe from Princeton University for constructive suggestions. I also want to thank Maofeng Liu, Bo Guo and Ming Pan from Princeton University, RuijieZeng from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Xue Feng from Duke University, and Zhentao Cong from Tsinghua University for valuable discussions. The three reviewers whose comments have led to significant improvements of the manuscript are greatly acknowledged. NR 63 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 70 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2014.04.012 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AL0GJ UT WOS:000338805100001 ER PT J AU Saylor, RD Wolfe, GM Meyers, TP Hicks, BB AF Saylor, Rick D. Wolfe, Glenn M. Meyers, Tilden P. Hicks, Bruce B. TI A corrected formulation of the Multi layer Model (MLM) for inferring gaseous dry deposition to vegetated surfaces SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Dry deposition; Nitric acid; Sulfur dioxide; Ozone; Multi-layer model; Canopy; CASTNet ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETER; CLEAN-AIR STATUS; TRENDS NETWORK; HNO3; ATMOSPHERE; SULFUR AB The Multilayer Model (MLM) has been used for many years to infer dry deposition fluxes from measured trace species concentrations and standard meteorological measurements for national networks in the U.S., including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet). MLM utilizes a resistance analogy to calculate deposition velocities appropriate for whole vegetative canopies, while employing a multilayer integration to account for vertically varying meteorology, canopy morphology and radiative transfer within the canopy. However, the MLM formulation, as it was originally presented and as it has been subsequently employed, contains a non-physical representation related to the leaf-level quasi-laminar boundary layer resistance that affects the calculation of the total canopy resistance. In this note, the non-physical representation of the canopy resistance as originally formulated in MLM is discussed and a revised, physically consistent, formulation is suggested as a replacement. The revised canopy resistance formulation reduces estimates of HNO3 deposition velocities by as much as 38% during mid-day as compared to values generated by the original formulation. Inferred deposition velocities for SO2 and O-3 are not significantly altered by the change in formulation (<3%). Inferred deposition loadings of oxidized and total nitrogen from CASTNet data may be reduced by 10 20% and 5-10%, respectively, for the Eastern U. S. when employing the revised formulation of MLM as compared to the original formulation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). C1 [Saylor, Rick D.; Meyers, Tilden P.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Wolfe, Glenn M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wolfe, Glenn M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Hicks, Bruce B.] Metcorps, Norris, TN 37828 USA. RP Saylor, RD (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, 456 S Illinois Ave, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM Rick.Saylor@noaa.gov RI Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 FU U.S. Weather Research Program within the NOAA/OAR Office of Weather and Air Quality FX One author (RS) performed this work with support from the U.S. Weather Research Program within the NOAA/OAR Office of Weather and Air Quality. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 92 BP 141 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.03.056 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AL0IO UT WOS:000338810800015 ER PT J AU Flynn, CM Pickering, KE Crawford, JH Lamsal, L Krotkov, N Herman, J Weinheimer, A Chen, G Liu, X Szykman, J Tsay, SC Loughner, C Hains, J Lee, P Dickerson, RR Stehr, JW Brent, L AF Flynn, Clare M. Pickering, Kenneth E. Crawford, James H. Lamsal, Lok Krotkov, Nickolay Herman, Jay Weinheimer, Andrew Chen, Gao Liu, Xiong Szykman, James Tsay, Si-Chee Loughner, Christopher Hains, Jennifer Lee, Pius Dickerson, Russell R. Stehr, Jeffrey W. Brent, Lacey TI Relationship between column-density and surface mixing ratio: Statistical analysis of O-3 and NO2 data from the July 2011 Maryland DISCOVER-AQ mission SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ozone; Nitrogen oxides; DISCOVER-AQ; Column-surface relationship; Aircraft measurement campaign; Measurement-model comparison ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; AIR-POLLUTANTS; UNITED-STATES; PART I; MODEL; SATELLITE; POLLUTION; LAYER; OMI AB To investigate the ability of column (or partial column) information to represent surface air quality, results of linear regression analyses between surface mixing ratio data and column abundances for O-3 and NO2 are presented for the July 2011 Maryland deployment of the DISCOVER-AQ mission. Data collected by the P-3B aircraft, ground-based Pandora spectrometers, Aura/OMI satellite instrument, and simulations for July 2011 from the CMAQ air quality model during this deployment provide a large and varied data set, allowing this problem to be approached from multiple perspectives. O-3 columns typically exhibited a statistically significant and high degree of correlation with surface data (R-2 > 0.64) in the P-3B data set, a moderate degree of correlation (0.16 < R-2 < 0.64) in the CMAQ data set, and a low degree of correlation (R-2 < 0.16) in the Pandora and OMI data sets. NO2 columns typically exhibited a low to moderate degree of correlation with surface data in each data set. The results of linear regression analyses for O-3 exhibited smaller errors relative to the observations than NO2 regressions. These results suggest that O-3 partial column observations from future satellite instruments with sufficient sensitivity to the lower troposphere can be meaningful for surface air quality analysis. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Flynn, Clare M.; Pickering, Kenneth E.; Dickerson, Russell R.; Stehr, Jeffrey W.; Brent, Lacey] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pickering, Kenneth E.; Krotkov, Nickolay; Tsay, Si-Chee] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Crawford, James H.; Chen, Gao] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Lamsal, Lok] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, GESTAR, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Herman, Jay] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, UMBC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Weinheimer, Andrew] NCAR Atmospher Chem Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Liu, Xiong] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. [Szykman, James] EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Loughner, Christopher] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ESSIC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Hains, Jennifer] Maryland Dept Environm, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Lee, Pius] NOAA Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Flynn, CM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM cflynn@atmos.umd.edu RI Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014; Krotkov, Nickolay/E-1541-2012; Lee, Pius/D-5201-2016; Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012; Dickerson, Russell/F-2857-2010; OI Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Krotkov, Nickolay/0000-0001-6170-6750; Dickerson, Russell/0000-0003-0206-3083; Herman, Jay/0000-0002-9146-1632; Loughner, Christopher/0000-0002-3833-2014 FU NASA Earth Venture-1 DISCOVER-AQ project [NNX10AR39G] FX Funding for this work was provided by the NASA Earth Venture-1 DISCOVER-AQ project (NASA Grant NNX10AR39G). The authors thank Donald Lenschow for providing estimates of PBL height during the deployment. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 92 BP 429 EP 441 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.04.041 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AL0IO UT WOS:000338810800045 ER PT J AU De Paoli, SH Diduch, LL Tegegn, TZ Orecna, M Strader, MB Karnaukhova, E Bonevich, JE Holada, K Simak, J AF De Paoli, Silvia H. Diduch, Lukas L. Tegegn, Tseday Z. Orecna, Martina Strader, Michael B. Karnaukhova, Elena Bonevich, John E. Holada, Karel Simak, Jan TI The effect of protein corona composition on the interaction of carbon nanotubes with human blood platelets SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Carbon nanotubes; Nanoparticles; Platelets; Biocompatibility; Nanotoxicity; Protein corona ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; HUMAN FIBRINOGEN; DRUG-DELIVERY; CALCIUM-ENTRY; SURFACE; NANOPARTICLES; ADSORPTION; ALBUMIN; BINDING AB Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are one of the most promising nanomaterials for use in medicine. The blood biocompatibility of CNT is a critical safety issue. In the bloodstream, proteins bind to CNT through non-covalent interactions to form a protein corona, thereby largely defining the biological properties of the CNT. Here, we characterize the interactions of carboxylated-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTCOOH) with common human proteins and investigate the effect of the different protein coronas on the interaction of CNTCOOH with human blood platelets (PLT). Molecular modeling and different photophysical techniques were employed to characterize the binding of albumin (HSA), fibrinogen (FBG), gamma-globulins (IgG) and histone H1 (H1) on CNTCOOH. We found that the identity of protein forming the corona greatly affects the outcome of CNTCOOH's interaction with blood PLT. Bare CNTCOOH-induced PLT aggregation and the release of platelet membrane microparticles (PMP). HSA corona attenuated the PLT aggregating activity of CNTCOOH, while FBG caused the agglomeration of CNTCOOH nanomaterial, thereby diminishing the effect of CNTCOOH on PLT. In contrast, the IgG corona caused PLT fragmentation, and the NI corona induced a strong PLT aggregation, thus potentiating the release of PMP. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [De Paoli, Silvia H.; Tegegn, Tseday Z.; Orecna, Martina; Strader, Michael B.; Karnaukhova, Elena; Simak, Jan] US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Holada, Karel] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Inst Microbiol & Immunol, Prague, Czech Republic. [Diduch, Lukas L.; Bonevich, John E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Simak, J (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. EM jan.simak@fda.hhs.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of Czech Republic [LH12014]; Charles University in Prague [PRVOUK-P24/LF1/3]; FDA CORES FX This project was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through and interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. In addition, the study was supported in part by the grant LH12014 of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of Czech Republic. KH was supported by project of Charles University in Prague: PRVOUK-P24/LF1/3. The study was supported by FDA CORES. NR 54 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 EI 1878-5905 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD AUG PY 2014 VL 35 IS 24 BP 6182 EP 6194 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.067 PG 13 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AL0GD UT WOS:000338804500005 PM 24831972 ER PT J AU Dietrich, JP Van Gaest, AL Strickland, SA Arkoosh, MR AF Dietrich, Joseph P. Van Gaest, Ahna L. Strickland, Stacy A. Arkoosh, Mary R. TI The impact of temperature stress and pesticide exposure on mortality and disease susceptibility of endangered Pacific salmon SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Salmon; Malathion; Disease susceptibility; Temperature; Multiple stressors ID JUVENILE COHO SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RIVER TEMPERATURE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; TOXICITY; CONSERVATION; MIXTURES; INSECTICIDES; ECOSYSTEMS AB Anthropogenic stressors, including chemical contamination and temperature stress, may contribute to increased disease susceptibility in aquatic animals. Specifically, the organophosphate pesticide malathion has been detected in surface waters inhabited by threatened and endangered salmon. In the presence of increasing water temperatures, malathion may increase susceptibility to disease and ultimately threaten salmon survival. This work examines the effect of acute and sublethal exposures to malathion on ocean-type subyearling Chinook salmon held under two temperature regimes. Chinook salmon were exposed to malathion at optimal (11 degrees C) or elevated (19 and 20 degrees C) temperatures. The influence of temperature on the acute toxicity of malathion was determined by generating 96-h lethal concentration (LC) curves. A disease challenge assay was also used to assess the effects of sublethal malathion exposure. The malathion concentration that resulted in 50% mortality (LC50: 274.1 mu g L-1) of the Chinook salmon at 19 degrees C was significantly less than the LC50 at 11 degrees C (364.2 mu g L-1). Mortality increased 11.2% in Chinook salmon exposed to malathion at the elevated temperature and challenged with Aeromonas salmonicida compared to fish held at the optimal temperature and exposed to malathion or the carrier control. No difference in disease challenge mortality was observed among malathion-exposed and unexposed fish at the optimal temperature. The interaction of co-occurring stressors may have a greater impact on salmon than if they occur in isolation. Ecological risk assessments considering the effects of an individual stressor on threatened and endangered salmon may underestimate risk when additional stressors are present in the environment. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dietrich, Joseph P.; Van Gaest, Ahna L.; Strickland, Stacy A.; Arkoosh, Mary R.] NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Dietrich, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2032 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM joseph.dietrich@noaa.gov; vangaest@gmail.com; sas70@me.com; mary.arkoosh@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Protected Resources FX Funds were provided internally by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Protected Resources. Individuals at the Office of Protected Resources provided input into study design and objectives, but did not participate in the collection, analysis, interpretation of the data, preparation of the manuscript, or decision to submit the manuscript. All experiments with the lab-raised salmon were in accordance with the U.S. Government Principles for the Utilization and Care of Vertebrate Animals Used in Testing. Research. and Training for the humane treatment of fish to alleviate suffering. NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 63 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 2014 VL 108 BP 353 EP 359 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.079 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AJ7MU UT WOS:000337881600046 PM 24559935 ER PT J AU Wan, ZM Hong, Y Khan, S Gourley, J Flamig, Z Kirschbaum, D Tang, GQ AF Wan, Zhanming Hong, Yang Khan, Sadiq Gourley, Jonathan Flamig, Zachary Kirschbaum, Dalia Tang, Guoqiang TI A cloud-based global flood disaster community cyber-infrastructure: Development and demonstration SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Flood; Cloud; Crowdsourcing; Web GIS AB Flood disasters have significant impacts on the development of communities globally. This study describes a public cloud-based flood cyber-infrastructure (CyberFlood) that collects, organizes, visualizes, and manages several global flood databases for authorities and the public in real-time, providing location-based eventful visualization as well as statistical analysis and graphing capabilities. In order to expand and update the existing flood inventory, a crowdsourcing data collection methodology is employed for the public with smartphones or Internet to report new flood events, which is also intended to engage citizen-scientists so that they may become motivated and educated about the latest developments in satellite remote sensing and hydrologic modeling technologies. Our shared vision is to better serve the global water community with comprehensive flood information, aided by the state-of-the-art cloud computing and crowd-sourcing technology. The CyberFlood presents an opportunity to eventually modernize the existing paradigm used to collect, manage, analyze, and visualize water-related disasters. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wan, Zhanming; Hong, Yang; Khan, Sadiq] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wan, Zhanming; Hong, Yang; Khan, Sadiq; Flamig, Zachary] Natl Weather Ctr, Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing Lab HyDROS, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Wan, Zhanming; Hong, Yang; Khan, Sadiq; Flamig, Zachary] Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan; Flamig, Zachary] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Kirschbaum, Dalia] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tang, Guoqiang] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, HyDROS Lab, 4610 Suites,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM zwan@ou.edu; yanghong@ou.edu RI Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; OI Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Tang, Guoqiang/0000-0002-0923-583X FU Hydrometeorology & Remote Sensing Lab (HyDROS); Advanced Radar Research Center (ARRC) at the University of Oklahoma FX The first author would like to acknowledge the seed money support from Hydrometeorology & Remote Sensing Lab (HyDROS) and Advanced Radar Research Center (ARRC) at the University of Oklahoma. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 58 BP 86 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.04.007 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL0OI UT WOS:000338825800007 ER PT J AU Amengual, A Homar, V Romero, R Brooks, HE Ramis, C Gordaliza, M Alonso, S AF Amengual, A. Homar, V. Romero, R. Brooks, H. E. Ramis, C. Gordaliza, M. Alonso, S. TI Projections of heat waves with high impact on human health in Europe SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Heat waves; Human health; Physiologically equivalent temperature; Regional climate modeling; Statistical adjustment; Ensemble strategy ID PHYSIOLOGICAL EQUIVALENT TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE MODEL OUTPUTS; THERMAL COMFORT; SIMULATIONS; MORTALITY; HEATWAVES; SUMMER; INDEX; 21ST-CENTURY; ENVIRONMENTS AB Climate change will result in more intense, more frequent and longer lasting heat waves. The most hazardous conditions emerge when extreme daytime temperatures combine with warm night-time temperatures, high humidities and light winds for several consecutive days. Here, we assess present and future heat wave impacts on human health in Europe. Present daily physiologically equivalent temperatures (PET) are derived from the ERA-Interim reanalysis. PET allows to specifically focus on heat-related risks on humans. Regarding projections, a suite of high-resolution regional climate models - run under SRES A1B scenario - has been used. A quantile-quantile adjustment is applied to the daily simulated PET to correct biases in individual model climatologies and a multimodel ensemble strategy is adopted to encompass model errors. Two types of heat waves differently impacting human health - strong and extreme stress - are defined according to specified thresholds of thermal stress and duration. Heat wave number, frequency, duration and amplitude are derived for each type. Results reveal relatively strong correlations between the spatial distribution of strong and extreme heat wave amplitudes and mortality excess for the 2003 European summer. Projections suggest a steady increase and a northward extent of heat wave attributes in Europe. Strong stress heat wave frequencies could increase more than 40 days, lasting over 20 days more by 2075-2094. Amplitudes might augment up to 7 degrees C per heat wave day. Important increases in extreme stress heat wave attributes are also expected: up to 40 days in frequency, 30 days in duration and 4 degrees C in amplitude. We believe that with this information at hand policy makers and stake-holders on vulnerable populations to heat stress can respond more effectively to the future challenges imposed by climate warming. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Amengual, A.; Homar, V.; Romero, R.; Ramis, C.; Alonso, S.] Univ Illes Balears, Dept Fis, Grp Meteorol, Palma De Mallorca, Mallorca, Spain. [Brooks, H. E.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Gordaliza, M.] Univ Salamanca, Fac Farm, Inst Estudios Ciencia & Tecnol, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain. [Alonso, S.] Inst Mediterrani Estudis Avancats, Dept Recerca Canvi Global, Palma De Mallorca, Mallorca, Spain. RP Amengual, A (reprint author), Univ Illes, Dept Fis, Palma De Mallorca 07122, Mallorca, Spain. EM arnau.amengual@uib.es RI Homar Santaner, Victor/K-2678-2014; Amengual, Arnau/L-2783-2014 OI Homar Santaner, Victor/0000-0003-1459-2003; FU Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Inovacion [CGL2008-01271/CLI, CGL2011-24458]; ESTCENA [200800050084078]; Plan Nacional de I+D+i - Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino; European Commission [GOCE-CT-2003-505539] FX Two anonymous reviewers are acknowledged for their valuable comments which helped to improve the quality of this manuscript. Drs. Jean-Marie Robine and Francois Richard Herrmann are deeply acknowledged for providing mortality data. Prof. Andreas Matzarakis is also acknowledged for providing the Ray Man-Pro model. The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the Department of Commerce. This work has been partially sponsored by the CGL2008-01271/CLI (MEDICANES) and CGL2011-24458 (PREDIMED) projects from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Inovacion; and by ESTCENA project (200800050084078), a strategic action from Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2008-11 funded by Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino. The authors also acknowledge the ENSEMBLES project, funded by the European Commission's 6th Framework Programme, through contract GOCE-CT-2003-505539. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 EI 1872-6364 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD AUG PY 2014 VL 119 BP 71 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.05.006 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AL2TR UT WOS:000338978900006 ER PT J AU Fox, DM Novy, M Brown, K Zammarano, M Harris, RH Murariu, M McCarthy, ED Seppala, JE Gilman, JW AF Fox, Douglas M. Novy, Melissa Brown, Karlena Zammarano, Mauro Harris, Richard H., Jr. Murariu, Marius McCarthy, Edward D. Seppala, Jonathan E. Gilman, Jeffrey W. TI Flame retarded poly(lactic acid) using POSS-modified cellulose. 2. Effects of intumescing flame retardant formulations on polymer degradation and composite physical properties SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th European Meeting on Fire Retardancy and Protection of Materials (FRPM) CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2013 CL ENSC Lille, Lille, FRANCE SP Univ Lille HO ENSC Lille DE Cellulose; Polylactide; Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane; Crystallinity; Melt rheology; Tensile strength ID POLYHEDRAL OLIGOMERIC SILSESQUIOXANES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE; POLYLACTIC ACID; POLY(L-LACTIC ACID); THERMAL-DEGRADATION; POLY(D-LACTIC ACID); FIBER COMPOSITES; MELT RHEOLOGY; PLA RESEARCH AB Poly(lactic acid), PLA, was extruded with intumescing flame retardant formulations based on ammonium polyphosphate, APP. Nanofibrillated cellulose fibers (NFC), POSS-modified NFC (PNFC), and pentaerythritol (PER) were used as the additional carbon source. The effects of each additive and their intumescing combinations on polymer degradation, flammability, crystallization, melt rheology, and tensile properties were systematically examined. APP and PER catalyzed the degradation of PLA during extrusion, which increased the crystallinity of PLA, lowered the viscosity of the melt, reduced the moduli, and decreased the tensile strength of the composite. APP had the largest effect on physical properties, acting as a nucleating agent, decreasing tensile strength, and increasing elongation to break. The POSS moieties on PNFC acted as a slight plasticizer in melt rheology studies, but did not affect the glass transition temperature. PNFC formed a cross-linked network with APP when melt-blended with PLA, which reduced polymer degradation, decreased PLA crystallinity, reduced the melt viscosity, and improved composite stiffness relative to the neat extruded PLA. The PLA composites containing APP and PNFC had the best tensile properties of all the intumescing composites studied. The cross-linked network formed between cellulose, POSS, and PLA helps produce composites with superior flame retardant, rheological, and mechanical properties relative to other intumescing formulations. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fox, Douglas M.; Novy, Melissa; Brown, Karlena; Zammarano, Mauro] Amer Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Fox, Douglas M.; Zammarano, Mauro; Harris, Richard H., Jr.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Murariu, Marius] Univ Mons, LPCM, Ctr Innovat & Res Mat & Polymers CIRMAP, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. [Murariu, Marius] Materia Nova Res Ctr, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. [McCarthy, Edward D.; Seppala, Jonathan E.; Gilman, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dfox@american.edu FU NIST-EL Extramural Fire Research Grants Program [60NANB11D174]; U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [JWG:MIPR F1ATA03239G001 A1] FX This material is based upon work supported by the NIST-EL Extramural Fire Research Grants Program under Award No. 60NANB11D174 and by the U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Award No. JWG:MIPR F1ATA03239G001 A1. Research was carried out at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), an agency of the U.S. government and by statute is not subject to copyright in the United States. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, materials or companies are identified in this paper in order to adequately specify the experimental procedure. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology or the U.S. Air Force, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for this purpose. NR 94 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 12 U2 106 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 EI 1873-2321 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 106 SI SI BP 54 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.01.007 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AL0JS UT WOS:000338813800007 ER PT J AU Zammarano, M Matko, S Pitts, WM Fox, DM Davis, RD AF Zammarano, Mauro Matko, Szabolcs Pitts, William M. Fox, Douglas M. Davis, Rick D. TI Towards a reference polyurethane foam and bench scale test for assessing smoldering in upholstered furniture SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th European Meeting on Fire Retardancy and Protection of Materials (FRPM) CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2013 CL ENSC Lille, Lille, FRANCE SP Univ Lille HO ENSC Lille DE Polyurethane; Foam; Smoldering; Upholstered furniture ID COMBUSTION; TRANSITION; MODEL AB Smoldering poses a severe fire hazard due to the potentially lethal amount of toxic carbon monoxide released, and the possible transition from smoldering to flaming (eventually leading to rapid fire growth and flash-over) with ignition sources otherwise too weak to directly induce flaming. Smoldering in residential-furniture upholstery materials can be assessed at a bench-scale by using reference materials with consistent smoldering behavior. However, the preparation of a reference foam has proven to be a challenging task, and the bench-scale tests currently in use may underestimate smoldering in actual furniture. The aim of this work is to provide guidance for the selection/development of: (i) a reference flexible polyurethane foam with reproducible and well-characterized smoldering behavior, and; (ii) the development of a bench-scale smoldering test capable of identifying the upholstery materials (e.g., fabric, filling/padding, barrier, welt cord) that most likely prevent smoldering ignition in actual furniture. In the first part of this paper, the impact of foam morphology on smoldering is discussed. It is shown how reticulated flexible polyurethane foams, possibly filled with carbon black, can be exploited as reference foam materials. Their fully open cell structure ensures consistent air permeability with an adjustable smoldering intensity as a function of their average cell size. In the second part of this paper, a bench-scale smoldering test (currently employed in a number of test procedures and standards) is redesigned in such a way that the buoyant airflow within the foam is enhanced. Up to a three-fold increase in the rate of smoldering propagation and 400 degrees C increase in smoldering temperature is observed in the modified test as compared to the current tests. Transition to flaming was observed, only in the modified test, when an external enclosure was used. The modified test may offer a near-worst-case scenario, useful to identify the upholstery materials that prevent most smoldering ignitions independent of the construction and geometry of the actual furniture. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zammarano, Mauro; Matko, Szabolcs; Pitts, William M.; Davis, Rick D.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zammarano, Mauro; Fox, Douglas M.] Amer Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM mzam@nist.gov FU The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) FX The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) is acknowledged for financial and technical support. The authors are grateful to J. R. Shields, R. G. Gann and A. Hamins (NIST) for their contributions. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 EI 1873-2321 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 106 SI SI BP 97 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.12.010 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AL0JS UT WOS:000338813800011 ER PT J AU Qiao, L Hong, Y McPherson, R Shafer, M Gade, D Williams, D Chen, S Lilly, D AF Qiao, Lei Hong, Yang McPherson, Renee Shafer, Mark Gade, David Williams, David Chen, Sheng Lilly, Douglas TI Climate Change and Hydrological Response in the Trans-State Oologah Lake Watershed-Evaluating Dynamically Downscaled NARCCAP and Statistically Downscaled CMIP3 Simulations with VIC Model SO WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate change; NARCCAP; Statistical downscaling; VIC; Oologah Lake watershed ID SOIL-MOISTURE; UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION; PERFORMANCE; SCHEMES; IMPACTS; PROJECT; RUNOFF AB Statistically and dynamically downscaled climate projections are the two important data sources for evaluation of climate change and its impact on water availability, water quality and ecosystems. Though bias correction helps to adjust the climate model output to behave more similarly to observations, the hydrologic response still can be biased. This study uses Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model to evaluate the hydrologic response of the trans-state Oologah Lake watershed to climate change by using both statistically and dynamically downscaled multiple climate projections. Simulated historical and projected climate data from the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) and Bias-Corrected and Spatially Downscaled-Coupled Model Intercomparison Phase 3 (BCSD-CMIP3) forced the hydrologic model. In addition, different river network upscaling methods are also compared for a higher VIC model performance. Evaluation and comparison shows the following the results. (1) From the hydrologic point of view, the dynamically downscaled NARCCAP projection performed better, most likely in capturing a larger portion of mesoscale-driven convective rainfall than the statistically downscaled CMIP3 projections; hence, the VIC model generated higher seasonal streamflow amplitudes that are closer to observations. Additionally, the statistically downscaled GCMs are less likely to capture the hydrological simulation probably due to missing integration of climate variables of wind, solar radiation and others, even though their precipitation and temperature are bias corrected to be more favorably than the NARCCAP simulations. (2) Future water availability (precipitation, runoff, and baseflow) in the watershed would increase annually by 3-4 %, suggested by both NARCCAP and BCSD-CMIP3. Temperature increases (2.5-3 degrees C) are much more consistent between the two types of climate projections both seasonally and annually. However, NARCCAP suggested 2-3 times higher seasonal variability of precipitation and other water fluxes than the BCSD-CMIP3 models. (3) The hydrologic performance could be used as a potential metric to comparatively differentiate climate models, since the land surface and atmosphere processes are considered integrally. C1 [Qiao, Lei; Hong, Yang; Chen, Sheng] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Qiao, Lei; Hong, Yang; Chen, Sheng] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Qiao, Lei] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [McPherson, Renee; Shafer, Mark] Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Climatol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [McPherson, Renee; Shafer, Mark] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Geog & Environm Sustainabil, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gade, David; Williams, David; Lilly, Douglas] US Army Corps Engineers, Tulsa Dist, OK USA. [Hong, Yang] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Hong, Yang] Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing Lab Hydro Ou Edu, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing Lab Hydro Ou Edu, Suite 4610,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI McPherson, Renee/H-6256-2016; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI McPherson, Renee/0000-0002-1497-9681; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU Responses to Climate Change program; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Institute for Water Resources; South Central Climate Science Center; U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was funded by the Responses to Climate Change program, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Institute for Water Resources and the South Central Climate Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey. We wish to thank the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) for providing the data used in this paper. "Bias Corrected and Downscaled WCRP CMIP3 Climate Projections" archive at http://gdo-dcp.ucllnl.org/downscaled_cmip3_ projections/. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-4741 EI 1573-1650 J9 WATER RESOUR MANAG JI Water Resour. Manag. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 28 IS 10 BP 3291 EP 3305 DI 10.1007/s11269-014-0678-z PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA AK8BC UT WOS:000338651100035 ER PT J AU Vet, R Artz, RS Carou, S AF Vet, Robert Artz, Richard S. Carou, Silvina TI Preface to: A global assessment of precipitation chemistry and deposition of sulfur, nitrogen, sea salt, base cations, organic acids, acidity and pH, and phosphorus Preface SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Vet, Robert; Carou, Silvina] Environm Canada, Atmospher Sci & Technol Directorate, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Artz, Richard S.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. RP Vet, R (reprint author), Environm Canada, Atmospher Sci & Technol Directorate, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM Robert.Vet@ec.gc.ca RI Artz, Richard/P-6371-2015; Aas, Wenche/K-6439-2012 OI Artz, Richard/0000-0002-1335-0697; NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 93 SI SI BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.11.013 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AL0GM UT WOS:000338805400001 ER PT J AU Vet, R Artz, RS Carou, S Shaw, M Ro, CU Aas, W Baker, A Bowersox, VC Dentener, F Galy-Lacaux, C Hou, A Pienaar, JJ Gillett, R Forti, MC Gromov, S Hara, H Khodzher, T Mahowald, NM Nickovic, S Rao, PSP Reid, NW AF Vet, Robert Artz, Richard S. Carou, Silvina Shaw, Mike Ro, Chul-Un Aas, Wenche Baker, Alex Bowersox, Van C. Dentener, Frank Galy-Lacaux, Corinne Hou, Amy Pienaar, Jacobus J. Gillett, Robert Cristina Forti, M. Gromov, Sergey Hara, Hiroshi Khodzher, Tamara Mahowald, Natalie M. Nickovic, Slobodan Rao, P. S. P. Reid, Neville W. TI A global assessment of precipitation chemistry and deposition of sulfur, nitrogen, sea salt, base cations, organic acids, acidity and pH, and phosphorus SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Precipitation chemistry; Deposition; Emissions; Major ions; Global Atmosphere Watch; Assessment; pH ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; SAO-PAULO METROPOLIS; AIR ACT AMENDMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC REACTIVE NITROGEN; ACIDIFYING WET DEPOSITION; BROOK EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; SOUTHERN INDIAN-OCEAN; MAJOR INORGANIC-IONS; LONG-TERM TRENDS; LA PLATA RIVER AB A global assessment of precipitation chemistry and deposition has been carried out under the direction of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Scientific Advisory Group for Precipitation Chemistry (SAG-PC). The assessment addressed three questions: (1) what do measurements and model estimates of precipitation chemistry and wet, dry and total deposition of sulfur, nitrogen, sea salt, base cations, organic acids, acidity, and phosphorus show globally and regionally? (2) has the wet deposition of major ions changed since 2000 (and, where information and data are available, since 1990) and (3) what are the major gaps and uncertainties in our knowledge? To that end, regionally-representative measurements for two 3-year-averaging periods, 2000-2002 and 2005-2007, were compiled worldwide. Data from the 2000-2002 averaging period were combined with 2001 ensemble-mean modeling results from 21 global chemical transport models produced in Phase 1 of the Coordinated Model Studies Activities of the Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (TF HTAP). The measurement data and modeling results were used to generate global and regional maps of major ion concentrations in precipitation and deposition. A major product of the assessment is a database of quality assured ion concentration and wet deposition data gathered from regional and national monitoring networks. The database is available for download from the World Data Centre for Precipitation Chemistry (http://wdcpc.org/). The assessment concludes that global concentrations and deposition of sulfur and nitrogen are reasonably well characterized with levels generally highest near emission sources and more than an order of magnitude lower in areas largely free of anthropogenic influences. In many parts of the world, wet deposition of reduced nitrogen exceeds that of oxidized nitrogen and is increasing. Sulfur and nitrogen concentrations and deposition in North America and Europe have declined significantly in line with emission reduction policies. Major regions of the world, including South America, the more remote areas of North America, much of Asia, Africa, Oceania, polar regions, and all of the oceans, are inadequately sampled for all of the major ions in wet and dry deposition, and particularly so for phosphorus, organic forms of nitrogen, and weak acids including carbonates and organic acids. Measurement-based inferential estimates of dry deposition are limited to sulfur and some nitrogen in only a few regions of the world and methods are highly uncertain. The assessment concludes with recommendations to address major gaps and uncertainties in global ion concentration and deposition measurements. Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Vet, Robert; Carou, Silvina; Shaw, Mike; Ro, Chul-Un; Hou, Amy] Environm Canada, Atmospher Sci & Technol Directorate, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Artz, Richard S.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. [Aas, Wenche] Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Kjeller, Norway. [Baker, Alex] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Bowersox, Van C.] World Meteorol Org Global Atmosphere Watch, QA SAC Amer, Champaign, IL USA. [Dentener, Frank] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Galy-Lacaux, Corinne] Observ Midi Pyrenees, Lab Aerol, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Pienaar, Jacobus J.] North West Univ, Fac Nat Sci, Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Gillett, Robert] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Cristina Forti, M.] Minist Ciencia Tecnol & Inovacao, Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Gromov, Sergey] Inst Global Climate & Ecol, Moscow, Russia. [Gromov, Sergey] RAS, Moscow 117901, Russia. [Hara, Hiroshi] Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Dept Agr, Tokyo, Japan. [Khodzher, Tamara] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Limnol Inst, Irkutsk 664003, Russia. [Mahowald, Natalie M.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Nickovic, Slobodan] World Meteorol Org, Atmospher Res & Environm Branch AREB, Geneva, Switzerland. [Rao, P. S. P.] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Reid, Neville W.] Ontario Minist Environm, Toronto, ON M4V 1P5, Canada. RP Vet, R (reprint author), Environm Canada, Atmospher Sci & Technol Directorate, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM Robert.Vet@ec.gc.ca RI Baker, Alex/D-1233-2011; Aas, Wenche/K-6439-2012; Mahowald, Natalie/D-8388-2013; Artz, Richard/P-6371-2015 OI Baker, Alex/0000-0002-8365-8953; Mahowald, Natalie/0000-0002-2873-997X; Artz, Richard/0000-0002-1335-0697 FU INSU/CNRS "Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique"; African universities; Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET); WMO/GAW Network of the India Meteorological Department; Atmospheric Brown Cloud network; Integrated Programme on Acidification of Chinese Terrestrial Systems (IMPACTS); Russian Federation Precipitation Chemistry Composition Network; Composition of Asian Deposition network; Taiwan Acid Deposition Network; Australia Regional GAW Precipitation Chemistry Network; WMO/GAW Cape Grim Baseline Air Pollution Station; UNECE Programmes; European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP); International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests); Norwegian Climate and Pollution agency; Swedish Environmental Research Institute; U.S. National Atmospheric Deposition Program's National Trends Network; Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network; U.S. EPA Clean Air Status and Trends Network; Canadian Air and Precipitation Monitoring Network; Reseau d'echantillonnage des precipitations du Quebec; New Brunswick Precipitation Monitoring Network; Alberta Precipitation Quality Monitoring Program; British Columbia Precipitation Chemistry and Sampling Network; Newfoundland Acid Precipitation Monitoring Network; Nova Scotia Precipitation Study Network; INPE's (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais) Earth Science System Center in Brazil (FAPESP) [99/5204-4]; World Meteorological Organization; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Air Resources Laboratory, North-West University (Patchefstroom, South Africa); Environment Canada FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the many networks, institutions, agencies and organizations from within and outside the World Meteorological Organization system that contributed precipitation chemistry and wet and dry deposition data to this assessment including: the World Meteorological Organization Global Atmosphere Watch network and its associated national and regional networks, IDAF (International Global Atmospheric Chemistry/Deposition of Biogeochemically Important Trace Species/Africa) supported by INSU/CNRS "Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique" and African universities, the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET), WMO/GAW Network of the India Meteorological Department, the Atmospheric Brown Cloud network, the Integrated Programme on Acidification of Chinese Terrestrial Systems (IMPACTS), the Russian Federation Precipitation Chemistry Composition Network, Composition of Asian Deposition network, Taiwan Acid Deposition Network, Australia Regional GAW Precipitation Chemistry Network, WMO/GAW Cape Grim Baseline Air Pollution Station, the UNECE Programmes and their associated partners: European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) and the International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests, special thanks to Oliver Granke), the Norwegian Climate and Pollution agency, the Swedish Environmental Research Institute, the U.S. National Atmospheric Deposition Program's National Trends Network and Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network, the U.S. EPA Clean Air Status and Trends Network, the Canadian Air and Precipitation Monitoring Network, Reseau d'echantillonnage des precipitations du Quebec, New Brunswick Precipitation Monitoring Network, Alberta Precipitation Quality Monitoring Program, British Columbia Precipitation Chemistry and Sampling Network, Newfoundland Acid Precipitation Monitoring Network, Nova Scotia Precipitation Study Network, INPE's (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais) Earth Science System Center in Brazil (FAPESP project No99/5204-4), R. Semkin of Environment Canada and H. Yao, C. McConnell and A. Patterson of the Ontario Ministry of the Environment for phosphorus deposition data, B. Sukloff of Environment Canada for his assistance preparing graphics, and N.-H. Lin for his assistance with data collection. We also gratefully acknowledge the UNECE Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution and the participants in the Coordinated Model Studies Activities that greatly contributed to this assessment. We are grateful to the World Meteorological Organization, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Air Resources Laboratory, North-West University (Patchefstroom, South Africa), and Environment Canada for their financial and logistical support. We are also grateful to L Jalkanen for her careful review of the manuscript and valuable comments prior to journal submission. Last but not least, we thank L.A. Barrie for conceiving the idea of this global precipitation chemistry and deposition assessment and J. Galloway for his encouragement and advice. NR 389 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 31 U2 195 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 93 SI SI BP 3 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.060 PG 98 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AL0GM UT WOS:000338805400002 ER PT J AU Yan, J Sun, Y Wu, H Huang, QZ Wang, C Shi, ZX Deng, SH Shi, KW Lu, HQ Chu, LH AF Yan, Jun Sun, Ying Wu, Hui Huang, Qingzhen Wang, Cong Shi, Zaixing Deng, Sihao Shi, Kewen Lu, Huiqing Chu, Lihua TI Phase transitions and magnetocaloric effect in Mn3Cu0.89N0.96 SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Entropy; Magnetic; Phase transition; Neutron diffraction ID MAGNETIC ENTROPY CHANGE; ANTIPEROVSKITE MN3GAC1-DELTA; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MN3GAC; FIELD AB We report a large magnetic entropy change observed in the antiperovskite Mn3Cu0.89N0.96. Based on the heat flow peak measured by differential scanning calorimetry, the total entropy change according to the structural transition (tetragonal to cubic) was calculated to be similar to 60 J kg(-1) K-1 while the magnetic entropy change accounts for similar to 22.5% of the total entropy under a 50 kOe magnetic field at 145 K. To clarify the origin of the magnetic entropy change, we managed to control the structure transition using a magnetic field. It was found that the magnetic entropy change originates from the transformation from antiferromagnetic (AFM) to ferromagnetic (FM) as well as from the phase transition from cubic to tetragonal under the magnetic field. In the tetragonal phase, a magnetic field can drive the AFM component to transform gradually to the FM component. The magnetic field can also change the phase fraction in the tetragonal and cubic two-phase coexistence region, a similar behavior to that induced by temperature. In the current system, only 5.4% of the cubic phase transforms to the tetragonal phase at 5 Tesla (T), indicating there is still much latent entropy in Mn3Cu0.89N0.96. (C) 2014 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yan, Jun; Sun, Ying; Wang, Cong; Shi, Zaixing; Deng, Sihao; Shi, Kewen; Lu, Huiqing; Chu, Lihua] Beihang Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Condensed Matter & Mat Phys, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. [Wu, Hui; Huang, Qingzhen] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sun, Y (reprint author), Beihang Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Condensed Matter & Mat Phys, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. EM sunying@buaa.edu.cn; congwang@buaa.edu.cn RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Sun, Ying/P-1453-2016 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [91122026, 51172012]; Ministry of Education of China [20111102110026]; China Scholarship Council FX This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Nos. 91122026 and 51172012), the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (No. 20111102110026) and the China Scholarship Council. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 63 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 74 BP 58 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2014.04.005 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AK7PY UT WOS:000338621400007 ER PT J AU Baker, BA Pine, PS Chatterjee, K Kumar, G Lin, NJ McDaniel, JH Salit, ML Simon, CG AF Baker, Bryan A. Pine, P. Scott Chatterjee, Kaushik Kumar, Girish Lin, Nancy J. McDaniel, Jennifer H. Salit, Marc L. Simon, Carl G., Jr. TI Ontology analysis of global gene expression differences of human bone marrow stromal cells cultured on 3D scaffolds or 2D films SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE 3D scaffolds; Cell differentiation; Cell-material interactions; Human bone marrow stromal cells; mRNA microarrays; Pathway analysis ID MESENCHYMAL STEM-CELLS; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; TGF-BETA; OSTEOBLAST DIFFERENTIATION; CHONDROGENIC DIFFERENTIATION; OSTEOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION; MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN; NANOFIBROUS SCAFFOLDS; COLLAGEN; LINEAGES AB Differences in gene expression of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) during culture in three-dimensional (3D) nanofiber scaffolds or on two-dimensional (2D) films were investigated via pathway analysis of microarray mRNA expression profiles. Previous work has shown that hBMSC culture in nanofiber scaffolds can induce osteogenic differentiation in the absence of osteogenic supplements (OS). Analysis using ontology databases revealed that nanofibers and OS regulated similar pathways and that both were enriched for TGF-beta and cell-adhesion/ECM-receptor pathways. The most notable difference between the two was that nanofibers had stronger enrichment for cell-adhesion/ECM-receptor pathways. Comparison of nanofibers scaffolds with flat films yielded stronger differences in gene expression than comparison of nanofibers made from different polymers, suggesting that substrate structure had stronger effects on cell function than substrate polymer composition. These results demonstrate that physical (nanofibers) and biochemical (OS) signals regulate similar ontological pathways, suggesting that these cues use similar molecular mechanisms to control hBMSC differentiation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Baker, Bryan A.; Pine, P. Scott; Chatterjee, Kaushik; Kumar, Girish; Lin, Nancy J.; McDaniel, Jennifer H.; Salit, Marc L.; Simon, Carl G., Jr.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chatterjee, Kaushik] Indian Inst Sci, Dept Mat Engn, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Kumar, Girish] US FDA, Div Biol, Off Sci & Engn Labs, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. RP Simon, CG (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carl.simon@nist.gov FU NIST-ARRA NRC Research Associateship; NIH-NIBIB/NIST NRC Research Associateship; NCRR of the NIH [P40RR017447] FX B.A.B. was supported by NIST-ARRA NRC Research Associateship. G.K. and K.C. were supported by NIH-NIBIB/NIST NRC Research Associateship. hBMSCs employed in this work were provided by the Tulane Center for Gene Therapy through a grant from NCRR of the NIH P40RR017447. The authors would like to acknowledge Sumona Sarkar, Dongbo Wang, Swarnavo Sarkar, and Subhadip Bodhak for helpful discussions. This manuscript is a contribution of NIST, and therefore is not subject to copyright in the United States. Certain equipment, instruments or materials are identified in this paper in order to adequately specify the experimental details. Such identification does not imply recommendation by the NIST nor does it imply the materials are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 EI 1878-5905 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD AUG PY 2014 VL 35 IS 25 BP 6716 EP 6726 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.075 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AK4IB UT WOS:000338386800006 PM 24840613 ER PT J AU Bachman, MJ Keller, JM West, KL Jensen, BA AF Bachman, Melannie J. Keller, Jennifer M. West, Kristi L. Jensen, Brenda A. TI Persistent organic pollutant concentrations in blubber of 16 species of cetaceans stranded in the Pacific Islands from 1997 through 2011 SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Hawai'i; Pacific; Cetaceans; Marine mammals; Persistent organic pollutants; POPs ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; MAIN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; WHALES PSEUDORCA-CRASSIDENS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; KILLER WHALES; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; RISK-ASSESSMENT; MARINE MAMMALS; ATLANTIC; PCBS AB Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are toxic man-made chemicals that bioaccumulate and biomagnify in food webs, making them a ubiquitous threat to the marine environment Although many studies have determined concentrations of POPs in top predators, no studies have quantified POPs in stranded cetaceans within the last 30 years around the Hawaiian Islands. A suite of POPs was measured in the blubber of 16 cetacean species that stranded in the tropical Pacific, including Hawai'i from 1997 to 2011. The sample set includes odontocetes (n = 39) and mysticetes (n = 3). Median (range) contaminant concentrations in ng/g lipid for the most representative species category (delphinids excluding killer whales [n = 27]) are: 9650 (44.4-99,100) for Sigma DDTs, 6240 (40.8-50,200) for Sigma PCBs, 1380 (6.73-9520) for Sigma chlordanes, 1230 (13.4-5510) for Sigma toxaphenes, 269 (1.99-10,100) for Sigma PBDEs, 280 (2.14-4190) for mirex, 176 (5.43-857) for HCB, 48.1 (<5.42-566) for Sigma HCHs, 33.9 (<2.42-990) for Sigma HBCDs, 1.65 (<0.435-11.7) for octachlorostyrene and 1.49 (<2.07-13.1) for pentachlorobenzene. Sigma PCB concentrations in these Pacific Island cetaceans approach and sometimes exceed proposed toxic threshold values. Backward stepwise multiple regressions indicated the influence of life history parameters on contaminant concentrations when performed with three independent variables (species category, year of stranding, and sex/age class). No temporal trends were noted (p > 0.063), but sex/age class influences were evident with adult males exhibiting greater contaminant loads than adult females and juveniles for Sigma DDT, Sigma PCBs, Sigma CHLs, and mirex (p <= 0.036). POP concentrations were lower in mysticetes than odontocetes for many compound classes (p <= 0.003). p,p'-DDE/Sigma DDTs ratios were greater than 0.6 for all species except humpback whales, suggesting exposure to an old DDT source. These POP levels are high enough to warrant concern and continued monitoring. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bachman, Melannie J.; West, Kristi L.; Jensen, Brenda A.] Hawaii Pacific Univ, Coll Nat & Computat Sci, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Bachman, Melannie J.; Keller, Jennifer M.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Keller, JM (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM melannie.bachman@noaa.gov; jennifer.keller@noaa.gov; kwest@hpu.edu; bjensen@hpu.edu FU NOAA John H. Prescott Grant program; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX Samples were collected and provided by the Hawai'i Pacific University's Marine Mammal Stranding and Response Program for which we graciously acknowledge the numerous volunteers for their assistance in tissue collection and the NOAA John H. Prescott Grant program for funding. We thank Susan Chivers for aging of the Hawaiian false killer whale examined in this study, as well as Lori Schwacke, Wayne McFee and Colleen Bryan for reviewing the manuscript and providing helpful comments. We also thank Paul Becker for oversight and the National Institute of Standards and Technology for funding. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 488 BP 115 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.073 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK7IA UT WOS:000338600800012 PM 24821437 ER PT J AU Kabatas, B Unal, A Pierce, RB Kindap, T Pozzoli, L AF Kabatas, B. Unal, A. Pierce, R. B. Kindap, T. Pozzoli, L. TI The contribution of Saharan dust in PM10 concentration levels in Anatolian Peninsula of Turkey SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Sahara dust; RAQMS model; Air quality; Remote sensing ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; MODEL; MORTALITY; TRANSPORT; MATTER; SIMULATION; SATELLITE; PROJECT; ORIGIN AB Sahara-originated dust is the most significant natural source of particulate matter; however, this contribution is still unclear in the Eastern Mediterranean especially in Western Turkey, where significant industrial sources and metropolitan areas are located. The Real-time Air Quality Modeling System (RAQMS) is utilized to explore the possible effects of Saharan dust on high levels of PM10 measured in Turkey. RAQMS model is compared with 118-air quality stations distributed throughout Turkey (81 cities) for April 2008. MODIS aerosol product (MOD04 for Terra and MYD04 for Aqua) is used to see columnar aerosol loading of the atmosphere at 550 nm (Aerosol optical depth (AOD) values found to be between 0.6 and 0.8 during the episode). High-resolution vertical profiles of clouds and aerosols are provided from CALIOP, on board of CALISPO satellite. The results suggest a significant contribution of Sahara dust to high levels of PM10 in Turkey with RAQMS and in situ time series showing similar patterns. The two data sets are found to be in agreement with a correlation of 0.87. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kabatas, B.; Unal, A.; Kindap, T.; Pozzoli, L.] Istanbul Tech Univ, Eurasia Inst Earth Sci, TR-80626 Istanbul, Turkey. [Pierce, R. B.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. RP Unal, A (reprint author), Istanbul Tech Univ, Eurasia Inst Earth Sci, TR-80626 Istanbul, Turkey. EM alper.unal@itu.edu.tr RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Unal, Alper/A-3857-2017; OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Unal, Alper/0000-0002-8890-3145; Pozzoli, Luca/0000-0003-0485-9624 FU Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [110Y078] FX This study was supported by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) Contract 110Y078, and presented and discussed in special session of the Air Quality Management at Urban, Regional and Global Scales, 4th International Symposium and IUAPPA Regional Conference (AQM2012) held in Istanbul Turkey in September 10-13, 2012. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 488 BP 415 EP 423 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.045 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK7IA UT WOS:000338600800044 PM 24485280 ER PT J AU Nicosia, K Daaram, S Edelman, B Gedrich, L He, E McNeilly, S Shenoy, V Velagapudi, A Wu, W Zhang, LN Barvalia, A Bokka, V Chan, B Chiu, J Dhulipalla, S Hernandez, V Jeon, J Kanukollu, P Kravets, P Mantha, A Miranda, C Nigam, V Patel, M Praveen, S Sang, T Upadhyay, S Varma, T Xu, C Yalamanchi, B Zharova, M Zheng, A Verma, R Vasslides, J Manderson, J Jordan, R Gray, S AF Nicosia, Kristina Daaram, Suhrudh Edelman, Ben Gedrich, Lev He, Eric McNeilly, Sarah Shenoy, Vishnu Velagapudi, Akhil Wu, Walter Zhang, Luna Barvalia, Aneri Bokka, Veena Chan, Brian Chiu, Jennifer Dhulipalla, Sai Hernandez, Victoria Jeon, Jenny Kanukollu, Pranav Kravets, Pearl Mantha, Amrita Miranda, Colin Nigam, Vishan Patel, Meghnee Praveen, Sam Sang, Thomas Upadhyay, Shruti Varma, Tanvee Xu, Camilla Yalamanchi, Bhavish Zharova, Masha Zheng, Allen Verma, Rashika Vasslides, James Manderson, John Jordan, Rebecca Gray, Steven TI Determining the willingness to pay for ecosystem service restoration in a degraded coastal watershed: A ninth grade investigation SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Ecosystem services; Contingent valuation; Coastal watersheds; Environmental education; Citizen science; K-12 ID VALUATION; PERSPECTIVE AB Over the course of a school year, a high school biology class and a local watershed partnership worked together to design a study to determine the willingness to pay for ecosystem service restoration in a local degraded watershed. With research control given to the teacher and her classroom as part of their in-class honors biology curriculum, the result was a student designed/written, and professionally structured, research manuscript. The aim of this collaboration was to: (1) integrate quantitative social science into the K-12 science curriculum to foster learning about the nature of social science investigation in a real world context; (2) create a community-based science partnership; and (3) generate social science data useful for decision-making that could withstand scientific peer review. In this commentary, we present the written product of the classrooms' work to illustrate the type of information that can be generated by a participatory science education program, along with a reflection from the students and project researchers about opportunities and barriers to conducting authentic social science research in K-12 classrooms. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nicosia, Kristina; Daaram, Suhrudh; Edelman, Ben; Gedrich, Lev; He, Eric; McNeilly, Sarah; Shenoy, Vishnu; Velagapudi, Akhil; Wu, Walter; Zhang, Luna; Barvalia, Aneri; Bokka, Veena; Chan, Brian; Chiu, Jennifer; Dhulipalla, Sai; Hernandez, Victoria; Jeon, Jenny; Kanukollu, Pranav; Kravets, Pearl; Mantha, Amrita; Miranda, Colin; Nigam, Vishan; Patel, Meghnee; Praveen, Sam; Sang, Thomas; Upadhyay, Shruti; Varma, Tanvee; Xu, Camilla; Yalamanchi, Bhavish; Zharova, Masha; Zheng, Allen; Verma, Rashika] West Windsor Plainsboro North High Sch, Plainsboro, NJ 08536 USA. [Vasslides, James] Barnegat Bay Partnership, Ocean Cty Coll, Toms River, NJ 08754 USA. [Jordan, Rebecca] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, Program Sci Learning, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Manderson, John] NOAA, NMFS, NEFSC, Ecosyst Proc Div,James J Howard Marine Stn, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. [Gray, Steven] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Environm, Boston, MA 02125 USA. RP Nicosia, K (reprint author), West Windsor Plainsboro North High Sch, 90 Grovers Mill Rd, Plainsboro, NJ 08536 USA. EM kristina.nicosia@ww-p.org; stevenallangray@gmail.com NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 EI 1873-6106 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 104 BP 145 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.02.010 PG 7 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA AK4SI UT WOS:000338414000014 ER PT J AU Gao, J Vissers, MR Sandberg, M Li, D Cho, HM Bockstiegel, C Mazin, BA Leduc, HG Chaudhuri, S Pappas, DP Irwin, KD AF Gao, J. Vissers, M. R. Sandberg, M. Li, D. Cho, H. M. Bockstiegel, C. Mazin, B. A. Leduc, H. G. Chaudhuri, S. Pappas, D. P. Irwin, K. D. TI Properties of TiN for Detector and Amplifier Applications SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Kinetic inductance detector; Parametric amplifier; Two-level system; Titanium nitride ID BAND AB We have experimentally explored and carefully characterized the important properties of TiN, including the resistivity, nonlinear kinetic inductance, the anomalous electro-dynamical response, and the two-level-system induced frequency shift and noise. We suggest that some of these properties, which are not well understood and are different from conventional superconductors, need further study and special consideration in kinetic inductance detector and parametric amplifier applications. C1 [Gao, J.; Vissers, M. R.; Sandberg, M.; Li, D.; Cho, H. M.; Bockstiegel, C.; Pappas, D. P.; Irwin, K. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mazin, B. A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Leduc, H. G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Chaudhuri, S.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Gao, J (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jgao@boulder.nist.gov RI Mazin, Ben/B-8704-2011 OI Mazin, Ben/0000-0003-0526-1114 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 EI 1573-7357 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 176 IS 3-4 BP 136 EP 141 DI 10.1007/s10909-014-1089-5 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AK1WY UT WOS:000338210800002 ER PT J AU Wilson, B Atlas, M Lowell, P Moyerman, S Stebor, N Ullom, J Keating, B AF Wilson, B. Atlas, M. Lowell, P. Moyerman, S. Stebor, N. Ullom, J. Keating, B. TI A Robust Cooling Platform for NIS Junction Refrigeration and sub-Kelvin Cryogenic Systems SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE NIS Junctions; Cryogenics; Thermal isolation ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURES; KEVLAR AB Recent advances in Normal metal-insulator-superconductor (NIS) tunnel junctions (Clark et al. Appl Phys Lett 86: 173508, 2005, Appl Phys Lett 84: 4, 2004) have proven these devices to be a viable technology for sub-Kelvin refrigeration. NIS junction coolers, coupled to a separate cold stage, provide a flexible platform for cooling a wide range of user-supplied payloads. Recently, a stage was cooled from 290 to 256 mK (Lowell et al. Appl Phys Lett 102: 082601 2013), but further mechanical and electrical improvements are necessary for the stage to reach its full potential. We have designed and built a new Kevlar suspended cooling platform for NIS junction refrigeration that is both lightweight and well thermally isolated; the calculated parasitic loading is pW from 300 to 100 mK. The platform is structurally rigid with a measured deflection of 25 m under a 2.5 kg load and has an integrated mechanical heat switch driven by a superconducting stepper motor with thermal conductivity G W/K at 300 mK. An integrated radiation shield limits thermal loading and a modular platform accommodates enough junctions to provide nanowatts of continuous cooling power. The compact stage size of 7.6 cm 8.6 cm 4.8 cm and overall radiation shield size of 8.9 cm 10.0 cm 7.0 cm along with minimal electrical power requirements allow easy integration into a range of cryostats. We present the design, construction, and performance of this cooling platform as well as projections for coupling to arrays of NIS junctions and other future applications. C1 [Wilson, B.; Atlas, M.; Moyerman, S.; Stebor, N.; Keating, B.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Lowell, P.; Ullom, J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wilson, B (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM blwilson@ucsd.edu FU NASA APRA program FX This study was supported in part by the NASA APRA program. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 EI 1573-7357 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 176 IS 3-4 BP 243 EP 248 DI 10.1007/s10909-014-1136-2 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AK1WY UT WOS:000338210800018 ER PT J AU Palosaari, MRJ Kinnunen, KM Julin, J Laitinen, M Napari, M Sajavaara, T Doriese, WB Fowler, J Reintsema, C Swetz, D Schmidt, D Ullom, J Maasilta, IJ AF Palosaari, M. R. J. Kinnunen, K. M. Julin, J. Laitinen, M. Napari, M. Sajavaara, T. Doriese, W. B. Fowler, J. Reintsema, C. Swetz, D. Schmidt, D. Ullom, J. Maasilta, I. J. TI Transition-Edge Sensors for Particle Induced X-ray Emission Measurements SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Transition-edge sensor; TES; Particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) ID PIXE AB In this paper we present a new measurement setup, where a transition-edge sensor detector array is used to detect X-rays in particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) measurements with a 2 MeV proton beam. Transition-edge sensors offer orders of magnitude improvement in energy resolution compared to conventional silicon or germanium detectors, making it possible to recognize spectral lines in materials analysis that have previously been impossible to resolve, and to get chemical information from the elements. Our sensors are cooled to the operation temperature (65 mK) with a cryogen-free adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator, which houses a specially designed X-ray snout that has a vacuum tight window to couple in the radiation. For the best pixel, the measured instrumental energy resolution was 3.06 eV full width at half maximum at 5.9 keV. We discuss the current status of the project, benefits of transition-edge sensors when used in PIXE spectroscopy, and the results from the first measurements. C1 [Palosaari, M. R. J.; Kinnunen, K. M.; Maasilta, I. J.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, Nanosci Ctr, Jyvaskyla 40014, Finland. [Julin, J.; Laitinen, M.; Napari, M.; Sajavaara, T.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, Accelerator Lab, Jyvaskyla 40014, Finland. [Doriese, W. B.; Fowler, J.; Reintsema, C.; Swetz, D.; Schmidt, D.; Ullom, J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Palosaari, MRJ (reprint author), Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, Nanosci Ctr, POB 35, Jyvaskyla 40014, Finland. EM mikko.palosaari@jyu.fi RI Sajavaara, Timo/A-4340-2013; Laitinen, Mikko/A-1754-2013; Julin, Jaakko/O-9751-2014; OI Sajavaara, Timo/0000-0003-2235-7441; Laitinen, Mikko/0000-0002-9031-8551; Julin, Jaakko/0000-0003-4376-891X; Napari, Mari/0000-0003-2690-8343; Maasilta, Ilari/0000-0001-8566-1569 FU Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation TEKES; Academy of Finland [260880]; Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Nuclear and Accelerator Based Physics [251353]; National Graduate School in Materials Science FX This work was supported by the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation TEKES, Academy of Finland Project no. 260880 and Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Nuclear and Accelerator Based Physics (ref. 251353). M. Palosaari would personally like to thank the National Graduate School in Materials Science for funding. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 14 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 EI 1573-7357 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 176 IS 3-4 BP 285 EP 290 DI 10.1007/s10909-013-1004-5 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AK1WY UT WOS:000338210800025 ER PT J AU George, EM Austermann, JE Beall, JA Becker, D Benson, BA Bleem, LE Carlstrom, JE Chang, CL Cho, HM Crites, AT Dobbs, MA Everett, W Halverson, NW Henning, JW Hilton, GC Holzapfel, WL Hubmayr, J Irwin, KD Li, D Lueker, M McMahon, JJ Mehl, J Montgomery, J Natoli, T Nibarger, JP Niemack, MD Novosad, V Ruhl, JE Sayre, JT Shirokoff, E Story, KT Wang, G Yefremenko, V Yoon, KW Young, E AF George, E. M. Austermann, J. E. Beall, J. A. Becker, D. Benson, B. A. Bleem, L. E. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Cho, H. -M. Crites, A. T. Dobbs, M. A. Everett, W. Halverson, N. W. Henning, J. W. Hilton, G. C. Holzapfel, W. L. Hubmayr, J. Irwin, K. D. Li, D. Lueker, M. McMahon, J. J. Mehl, J. Montgomery, J. Natoli, T. Nibarger, J. P. Niemack, M. D. Novosad, V. Ruhl, J. E. Sayre, J. T. Shirokoff, E. Story, K. T. Wang, G. Yefremenko, V. Yoon, K. W. Young, E. TI A Study of Al-Mn Transition Edge Sensor Engineering for Stability SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE TES; Frequency domain multiplexing; Stability; Bolometer; Al-Mn AB The stability of Al-Mn transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers is studied as we vary the engineered TES transition, heat capacity, and/or coupling between the heat capacity and TES. We present thermal structure measurements of each of the 39 designs tested. The data is accurately fit by a two-body bolometer model, which allows us to extract the basic TES parameters that affect device stability. We conclude that parameters affecting device stability can be engineered for optimal device operation, and present the model parameters extracted for the different TES designs. C1 [George, E. M.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Young, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Austermann, J. E.; Everett, W.; Halverson, N. W.; Henning, J. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Beall, J. A.; Becker, D.; Cho, H. -M.; Hilton, G. C.; Hubmayr, J.; Irwin, K. D.; Li, D.; Nibarger, J. P.; Niemack, M. D.; Yoon, K. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Crites, A. T.; Mehl, J.; Montgomery, J.; Natoli, T.; Story, K. T.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Mehl, J.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Montgomery, J.; Natoli, T.; Story, K. T.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Wang, G.; Yefremenko, V.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Crites, A. T.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dobbs, M. A.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lueker, M.; Shirokoff, E.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [McMahon, J. J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Novosad, V.; Yefremenko, V.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ruhl, J. E.; Sayre, J. T.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP George, EM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, 151 LeConte Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lizinvt@berkeley.edu RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015 FU NSF [AST-0705302, ANT-0638937, PHY-0114422]; NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Canada Research Chairs program; Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship; Kavli Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne); Argonne Center for Nanoscale Materials; [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Work at the University of Colorado is supported by the NSF through grant AST-0705302. Work at NIST is supported by the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program. The McGill authors acknowledge funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, and Canada Research Chairs program. MD acknowledges support from an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship. Work at the University of Chicago is supported by grants from the NSF (awards ANT-0638937 and PHY-0114422), the Kavli Foundation, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Work at Argonne National Lab is supported by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We acknowledge support from the Argonne Center for Nanoscale Materials. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 EI 1573-7357 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 176 IS 3-4 BP 383 EP 391 DI 10.1007/s10909-013-0994-3 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AK1WY UT WOS:000338210800040 ER PT J AU Fowler, JW AF Fowler, J. W. TI Maximum-Likelihood Fits to Histograms for Improved Parameter Estimation SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Energy resolution; Histogram fitting; Maximum likelihood ID CHI-SQUARE; ASTRONOMY AB Straightforward methods for adapting the familiar statistic to histograms of discrete events and other Poisson distributed data generally yield biased estimates of the parameters of a model. The bias can be important even when the total number of events is large. For the case of estimating a microcalorimeter's energy resolution at 6 keV from the observed shape of the Mn K fluorescence spectrum, a poor choice of can lead to biases of at least 10 % in the estimated resolution when up to thousands of photons are observed. The best remedy is a Poisson maximum-likelihood fit, through a simple modification of the standard Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm for minimization. Where the modification is not possible, another approach allows iterative approximation of the maximum-likelihood fit. C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fowler, JW (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway MS 686-02, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM joe.fowler@nist.gov FU American Recovery and Reinvestment Act senior fellowship; NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program FX The author was supported by an American Recovery and Reinvestment Act senior fellowship and by the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program. The author thanks J. Ullom for encouragement and many helpful discussions and C. Pryke for debates on the topic long ago. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 EI 1573-7357 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 176 IS 3-4 BP 414 EP 420 DI 10.1007/s10909-014-1098-4 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AK1WY UT WOS:000338210800044 ER PT J AU Bockstiegel, C Gao, J Vissers, MR Sandberg, M Chaudhuri, S Sanders, A Vale, LR Irwin, KD Pappas, DP AF Bockstiegel, C. Gao, J. Vissers, M. R. Sandberg, M. Chaudhuri, S. Sanders, A. Vale, L. R. Irwin, K. D. Pappas, D. P. TI Development of a Broadband NbTiN Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier for MKID Readout SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Parametric amplifier; Traveling wave; NbTiN AB The sensitivity of microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) using dissipation readout is limited by the noise temperature of the cryogenic amplifier, usually a HEMT with 5 K. A lower noise amplifier is required to improve NEP and reach the photon noise limit at millimeter wavelengths. Eom et al. have proposed a kinetic inductance traveling wave (KIT) parametric amplifier (also called the dispersion-engineered travelling wave kinetic inductance parametric amplifier) that utilizes the nonlinearity with very low dissipation of NbTiN. This amplifier has the promise to achieve quantum limited noise, broad bandwidth, and high dynamic range, all of which are required for ideal MKID dissipation readout. We have designed a KIT amplifier which consists of a 2.2 m long coplanar waveguide transmission line fabricated in a double spiral format, with periodic loadings and impedance transformers at the input/output ports on a 2 by 2 cm Si chip. The design was fabricated with 20 nm NbTiN films. The device has shown over 10 dB of gain from 4 to 11 GHz. We have found the maximum gain is limited by abrupt breakdown at defects in the transmission line in the devices. By cascading two devices, more than 20 dB of gain was achieved from 4.5 to 12.5 GHz, with a peak of 27 dB. C1 [Bockstiegel, C.; Gao, J.; Vissers, M. R.; Sandberg, M.; Chaudhuri, S.; Sanders, A.; Vale, L. R.; Irwin, K. D.; Pappas, D. P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bockstiegel, C (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM clinton.bockstiegel@colorado.edu NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 EI 1573-7357 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 176 IS 3-4 BP 476 EP 482 DI 10.1007/s10909-013-1042-z PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AK1WY UT WOS:000338210800054 ER PT J AU Mates, JAB Irwin, KD Vale, LR Hilton, GC Cho, HM AF Mates, J. A. B. Irwin, K. D. Vale, L. R. Hilton, G. C. Cho, H. M. TI An Efficient Superconducting Transformer Design for SQUID Magnetometry SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Superconducting; Transformer; One-to-one; Efficient; SQUID ID INPUT COIL; DC SQUID; SENSORS AB We describe a novel superconducting transformer design for the efficient transfer of magnetic flux from a macroscopic pickup coil to a low-inductance SQUID. A large number of highly-efficient one-to-one transformer elements are wired in series and in parallel, for the primary and secondary of the transformer, respectively. This transformer coupling allows us to isolate the SQUID from the microwave resonances inherent in high-inductance coils. C1 [Mates, J. A. B.; Irwin, K. D.; Vale, L. R.; Hilton, G. C.; Cho, H. M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Mates, JAB (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bmates1@gmail.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 EI 1573-7357 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 176 IS 3-4 BP 483 EP 489 DI 10.1007/s10909-014-1092-x PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AK1WY UT WOS:000338210800055 ER PT J AU Hubmayr, J Beall, JA Becker, D Brevik, JA Cho, HM Che, G Devlin, M Dober, B Gao, J Galitzki, N Hilton, GC Irwin, KD Li, D Mauskopf, P Pappas, DP Van Lanen, J Vissers, MR AF Hubmayr, J. Beall, J. A. Becker, D. Brevik, J. A. Cho, H. M. Che, G. Devlin, M. Dober, B. Gao, J. Galitzki, N. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. Li, D. Mauskopf, P. Pappas, D. P. Van Lanen, J. Vissers, M. R. TI Dual-Polarization-Sensitive Kinetic Inductance Detectors for Balloon-borne Sub-millimeter Polarimetry SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE KID; FIR; Detector; TiN; Polarimeter; Polarimetry ID NOISE AB We are developing arrays of kinetic inductance detectors for sub-millimeter polarimetry that will be deployed on the BLAST balloon-borne instrument. The array is feedhorn-coupled, and each pixel contains two lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKIDs) made of TiN. The absorbing, inductive sections of the LEKID-pair are orthogonal, which allows simultaneous measurement of both horizontal and vertical polarizations within one spatial pixel. In this paper, we show efficient absorption in TiN films when coupled to waveguide at room temperature and present dark measurements of single polarization devices with varying capacitor geometries. We show that it will be difficult to achieve background-limited performance in BLAST with stoichiometric TiN films with T K, and that non-stoichiometric films with lower T will be required. C1 [Hubmayr, J.; Beall, J. A.; Becker, D.; Brevik, J. A.; Cho, H. M.; Gao, J.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Li, D.; Pappas, D. P.; Van Lanen, J.; Vissers, M. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Che, G.; Mauskopf, P.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. [Devlin, M.; Dober, B.; Galitzki, N.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Hubmayr, J (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hubmayr@nist.gov FU NASA [NNX13AE50G S01]; DARPA FX BLAST is funded by NASA through Grant No. NNX13AE50G S01. TiN materials research supported in part by DARPA. We thank the reviewers for thoughtful comments that improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 EI 1573-7357 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 176 IS 3-4 BP 490 EP 496 DI 10.1007/s10909-014-1160-2 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AK1WY UT WOS:000338210800056 ER PT J AU Wisbey, DS Martin, A Reinisch, A Gao, J AF Wisbey, D. S. Martin, A. Reinisch, A. Gao, J. TI New Method for Determining the Quality Factor and Resonance Frequency of Superconducting Micro-Resonators from Sonnet Simulations SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Microwave resonator; Quality factor; Resonance frequency AB Lithographed superconducting microwave resonators (micro-resonators) are useful in a number of important applications, including microwave kinetic inductance detectors (Day et al., Nature 425:817, 2003), as memory elements in quantum information circuits, and as readouts of qubits and nanomechanical resonators. One of the major tasks in designing these devices is to find the resonance frequency (f) and quality factor (Q) for these microwave circuits using EM simulation software such as Sonnet. The traditional method iteratively runs simulations over successively smaller frequency ranges. In this way the simulated transmission S data is zoomed in on to yield a well-sampled resonance curve of a circuit. Designing microwave resonators in this manner is often time consuming since it requires many simulation runs. In this work, we show a new-and much faster-method for determining f and Q by adding an internal (virtual) port in the Sonnet model and examining the input impedance through the added port. Accurate f and Q values can be retrieved from a single simulation with a wide frequency sweep. This method works on many types of resonance circuits and dramatically reduces the simulation time. C1 [Wisbey, D. S.; Martin, A.; Reinisch, A.] St Louis Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Gao, J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wisbey, DS (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Dept Phys, 3450 Lindell Bloulevard, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. EM dwisbey@slu.edu FU Saint Louis University College of Arts Sciences; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX We would like to thank Dave Pappas for continued support. We acknowledge support of the Saint Louis University College of Arts & Sciences and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 EI 1573-7357 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 176 IS 3-4 BP 538 EP 544 DI 10.1007/s10909-014-1099-3 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AK1WY UT WOS:000338210800063 ER PT J AU Streib, N Streib, A Beichl, I Sullivan, F AF Streib, Noah Streib, Amanda Beichl, Isabel Sullivan, Francis TI A Binomial Approximation Method for the Ising Model SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Ising model; Partition function; Approximation; Graph theory ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; EDGE-CONNECTIVITY; STATISTICS; DYNAMICS; SIMULATION; EFFICIENT; ALGORITHM; LATTICE AB A large portion of the computation required for the partition function of the Ising model can be captured with a simple formula. In this work, we support this claim by defining an approximation to the partition function and other thermodynamic quantities of the Ising model that requires no algorithm at all. This approximation, which uses the high temperature expansion, is solely based on the binomial distribution, and performs very well at low temperatures. At high temperatures, we provide an alternative approximation, which also serves as a lower bound on the partition function and is trivial to compute. We provide theoretical evidence and the results of numerical experiments to support the strength of these approximations. C1 [Streib, Noah; Streib, Amanda; Sullivan, Francis] Ctr Comp Sci, Bowie, MD 20716 USA. [Beichl, Isabel] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Streib, N (reprint author), Ctr Comp Sci, Bowie, MD 20716 USA. EM nsstrei@super.org; ampasco@super.org; isabel.beichl@nist.gov; fran@super.org NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-4715 EI 1572-9613 J9 J STAT PHYS JI J. Stat. Phys. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 156 IS 3 BP 593 EP 605 DI 10.1007/s10955-014-1016-9 PG 13 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA AK0ZK UT WOS:000338144700009 ER PT J AU Islam, T Srivastava, PK Rico-Ramirez, MA Dai, Q Han, DW Gupta, M AF Islam, Tanvir Srivastava, Prashant K. Rico-Ramirez, Miguel A. Dai, Qiang Han, Dawei Gupta, Manika TI An exploratory investigation of an adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for estimating hydrometeors from TRMM/TMI in synergy with TRMM/PR SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Liquid water contents; Ice water contents; Global precipitation measurement (GPM); Rain rate retrieval; Passive microwave radiometry; Precipitation radar ID PRECIPITATION RADAR; PROFILING ALGORITHM; CLOUD PROPERTIES; NETWORK AB The authors have investigated an adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for the estimation of hydrometeors from the TRMM microwave imager (TMI). The proposed algorithm, named as Hydro-Rain algorithm, is developed in synergy with the TRMM precipitation radar (PR) observed hydrometeor information. The method retrieves rain rates by exploiting the synergistic relations between the TMI and PR observations in twofold steps. First, the fundamental hydrometeor parameters, liquid water path (LWP) and ice water path (IWP), are estimated from the TMI brightness temperatures. Next, the rain rates are estimated from the retrieved hydrometeor parameters (LWP and IWP). A comparison of the hydrometeor retrievals by the Hydro-Rain algorithm is done with the TRMM PR 2A25 and GPROF 2A12 algorithms. The results reveal that the Hydro-Rain algorithm has good skills in estimating hydrometeor paths LWP and IWP, as well as surface rain rate. An examination of the Hydro-Rain algorithm is also conducted on a super typhoon case, in which the Hydro-Rain has shown very good performance in reproducing the typhoon field. Nevertheless, the passive microwave based estimate of hydrometeors appears to suffer in high rain rate regimes, and as the rain rate increases, the discrepancies with hydrometeor estimates tend to increase as well. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Islam, Tanvir] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD USA. [Islam, Tanvir] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Islam, Tanvir; Srivastava, Prashant K.; Rico-Ramirez, Miguel A.; Dai, Qiang; Han, Dawei] Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, Bristol, Avon, England. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gupta, Manika] Indian Inst Technol Delhi, Dept Civil Engn, New Delhi, India. RP Islam, T (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM tanvir.islam@noaa.gov RI Islam, Tanvir/F-6922-2011; Rico-Ramirez, Miguel/H-3248-2014; OI Rico-Ramirez, Miguel/0000-0002-8885-4582; Islam, Tanvir/0000-0003-2429-3074 NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD AUG-SEP PY 2014 VL 145 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.03.019 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ8UK UT WOS:000337983100005 ER PT J AU Lee, H Yum, SS Lee, SS AF Lee, Hannah Yum, Seong Soo Lee, Seoung-Soo TI A modeling study of the aerosol effects on ice microphysics in convective cloud and precipitation development under different thermodynamic conditions SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cloud model; Aerosol effects; Ice microphysics; Cloud invigoration ID CONDENSATION NUCLEI; WARM RAIN; PARTICLES; SENSITIVITY; DYNAMICS; SPECTRA; DROPS AB An improved approach for cloud droplet activation process parameterization is proposed that can utilize the empirically determined hygroscopicity information and practically limit the sizes of newly activated droplets. With the implementation of the improved approach in a cloud model, the aerosol effects on ice microphysics in convective cloud and precipitation development under different thermodynamic conditions is investigated. The model is run for four different thermodynamic soundings and three different aerosol types, maritime (M), continental (C) and polluted (P). Warm rain suppression by increased aerosol (i.e., CCN) is clearly demonstrated when weakly convective warm clouds are generated but the results are mixed when relatively stronger convective warm clouds are generated. For one of the two soundings that generate strong convective cold clouds, the accumulated precipitation amount is larger for C and P than for M, demonstrating the precipitation enhancement by increased CCN. For the maritime cloud, precipitation is initiated by the warm rain processes but ice hydrometeor particles form fast, which leads to early but weak cloud invigoration. Another stronger cloud invigoration occurs later for M but it is still weaker than that for C and P. It is the delayed accumulation of more water drops and ice particles for a burst of riming process and the latent heat release during the depositional growth of rimed ice particles that invigorate the cloud strongly for C and P. For the other sounding where freezing level is low, ice particles form fast for all three aerosol types and therefore warm rain suppression is not clearly shown. However, there still is more precipitation for C and P than for M until the accumulated precipitation amount becomes larger for M than for C near to the end of the model run. The results demonstrate that the precipitation response to aerosols indeed depends on the environmental conditions. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Hannah; Yum, Seong Soo] Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Lee, Seoung-Soo] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Yum, SS (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM ssyum@yonsei.ac.kr FU Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [CATER_2012-3051] FX This work is funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant CATER_2012-3051. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD AUG-SEP PY 2014 VL 145 BP 112 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.03.022 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ8UK UT WOS:000337983100010 ER PT J AU Sheen, DA Tsang, W AF Sheen, David A. Tsang, Wing TI A comparison of literature models for the oxidation of normal heptane SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Chemical model development; Heptane; Kinetics; Uncertainty analysis ID FLAME REACTION-KINETICS; COMBUSTION CHEMISTRY; REACTION-MECHANISM; HIGH-PRESSURES; OXYGEN FLAMES; CONSERVATION EQUATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; MIXTURE OXIDATION; LOW-TEMPERATURES; TIME-HISTORIES AB The development of detailed chemical kinetic models has proceeded unabated since the pioneering work of Dixon-Lewis and coworkers forty-five years ago. In that time, computational power has increased ten million-fold, and yet, we do not have a consensus on a complete description for the pyrolysis and oxidation of fuels as simple as hydrogen. This paper presents a comparison of three detailed models and one lumped, semi-empirical model, all from literature, for the oxidation of normal heptane, a fuel of practical interest because of its use in gasoline surrogates. Specifically, the ignition delay times and species concentration histories predicted by the models are compared. We find that most of the models give predictions that agree with each other within the propagated uncertainty from the rate constant estimates, and also show "satisfactory agreement" with experimental measurements. Differences among the models can be attributed to peculiarities in how the models treat the initial decomposition of the fuel. The rate coefficients for these reactions do not agree within the uncertainty assigned for them, however, which means that the models are fundamentally, quantitatively different. The model's predictions agree with each other and with experiment, however. The predictive ability of the models is the only way we can fairly compare them, and by that measure all of the models are equally good. Given the predictive capability of the semi-empirical model, we suggest that future combustion research should concentrate on developing a model that treats only the key, rate-limiting processes in a rigorous manner, rather than continuing the current trend of attempting to describe all possible elementary reactions exactly. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Sheen, David A.; Tsang, Wing] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sheen, DA (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.sheen@nist.gov OI Sheen, David/0000-0003-1958-1848 NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD AUG PY 2014 VL 161 IS 8 BP 1984 EP 1992 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.01.014 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AJ8XD UT WOS:000337990500003 ER PT J AU Sandel, M Rohde, FC Harris, PM AF Sandel, Michael Rohde, Fritz C. Harris, Phillip M. TI Interspecific relationships and the evolution of sexual dimorphism in pygmy sunfishes (Centrarchidae: Elassoma) SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Elassoma; Centrarchidae; Cytochrome b; Rhodopsin; PICH; Sexual dimorphism ID CYTOCHROME-B GENE; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; PHYLOGENIES; DIVERGENCE; FISHES; FINS; DIVERSIFICATION; PERCIFORMES; VERTEBRATES; CHROMOSOME AB The genus Elassoma represents a small but unique component of the aquatic biodiversity hotspot in southeastern North America. We present the first phylogeny of the seven described species, corroborated by sequence data from mitochondrial and nuclear protein coding genes. This analysis reveals a Coastal Plain clade sister to the geographically isolated, and federally protected, Elassoma alabamae. The Coastal Plain clade contains the widespread E. zonatum, which is sister to a clade primarily restricted to lowland Neogene subprovinces. We analyzed morphometric data in a phylogenetic context to illustrate the evolution of sexual shape dimorphism within the genus. Sixteen univariate and three multivariate traits were tested for significant sexual dimorphism for each species, and relative transformation rates were inferred from the time tree. A simple index of interspecific sexual dimorphism revealed greater disparity among sympatric species comparisons than among allopatric comparisons. Results implicate geology as a primary factor influencing ecological diversification, and sexual selection as a mechanism reinforcing reproductive isolation in areas of secondary contact. We discuss putative roles of geological history and sexual selection in the generation and maintenance of the aquatic biodiversity gradient in southeastern North America. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sandel, Michael] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sect Stat Genet, Birmingham, AL 35203 USA. [Rohde, Fritz C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlantic Branch, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Harris, Phillip M.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Biol Sci, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Sandel, M (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sect Stat Genet, Birmingham, AL 35203 USA. EM msandel@uab.edu OI Sandel, Michael/0000-0001-9083-9202 FU NHLBI [T32HL072757] FX We thank D. Bechler, K Beshera, B. Fluker, G. Hubbard, C. Rhinehart, D. Smith, and J. Williams for assistance in the field. We thank C. Cox, B. O'meara, J. Quattro, P. Unmack and M. Warren for helpful discussion. A portion of the morphometric data used in this study was kindly provided by F. Snelson, who also provided helpful comments. We thank R. Arndt, G. Orti, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Postdoctoral support for M. Sandel was provided by NHLBI Grant T32HL072757. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 77 BP 166 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.018 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA AJ8CH UT WOS:000337929800018 PM 24780749 ER PT J AU Tomlin, NA Curtin, AE White, M Lehman, JH AF Tomlin, N. A. Curtin, A. E. White, M. Lehman, J. H. TI Decrease in reflectance of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes after oxygen plasma treatment SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FORESTS; ARRAYS; FILMS; CRUST AB Oxygen plasma treatment was used to lower the reflectance of multiwall vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNT). Specular reflectance measurements at an incident angle of 65 degrees from normal show a decrease in reflectance over the wavelength range of 250-2500 nm, with up to 5 times lower reflectance at long wavelengths. Total hemispherical reflectance measurements show a decrease in reflectance from 300-2400 nm, with up to 8 times lower reflectance at short wavelengths. Etch rate measurements and helium ion microscopy reveal that the oxygen plasma reduces the reflectance of VACNT by modifying the surface morphology, characterized by etching away the top layer and inducing agglomeration of nanotube tips. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tomlin, N. A.; Curtin, A. E.; White, M.; Lehman, J. H.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Curtin, A. E.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Tomlin, NA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM nathan.tomlin@nist.gov RI Tomlin, Nathan/A-4927-2009 OI Tomlin, Nathan/0000-0002-8313-9045 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD AUG PY 2014 VL 74 BP 329 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.03.040 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AH7TY UT WOS:000336339400034 ER PT J AU Galin, N Wingham, DJ Cullen, R Francis, R Lawrence, I AF Galin, Natalia Wingham, Duncan J. Cullen, Robert Francis, Richard Lawrence, Isobel TI Measuring the Pitch of CryoSat-2 Using the SAR Mode of the SIRAL Altimeter SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Altimetry; calibration; CryoSat-2; mispointing; pitch; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID RADAR ALTIMETER; MISSION; SURFACE AB This letter describes the retrieval of the pitch of the CryoSat-2 satellite from the full bit rate (FBR) SAR mode data that are collected over the ocean by the SAR/Interferometric Radar Altimeter (SIRAL). Starting with the FBR SAR mode data, we form beams at the forward and backward look angles with respect to the nadir direction. If the satellite is flying pitched, the asymmetrical weighting of the echo power in the forward-looking and backward-looking beams that resulted from the along-track antenna gain pattern is used to measure the pitch of the satellite. The method depends on accurate knowledge of the orbit and the altimeter echoes only. In consequence, we are able to compare the results with the contemporaneous pitch value that is measured by the onboard star trackers, and particularly, we are able to determine a bias in the star tracker pitch measurements. We find that the star trackers' pitch measurements are biased, with a constant offset of 0.055 degrees +/- 0.0073 degrees. Because the star tracker attitude is used to inform the onboard control system, this bias implies that CryoSat-2 is flying nose up, with an average pitch of about 0.055. C1 [Galin, Natalia] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Wingham, Duncan J.; Lawrence, Isobel] UCL, Fac Math & Phys Sci, Dept Earth Sci, Ctr Polar Observat & Modelling, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Cullen, Robert; Francis, Richard] European Space Agcy, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. RP Galin, N (reprint author), NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM natalia.galin@noaa.gov; djw@ucl.ac.uk; robert.cullen@esa.int; richard.francis@esa.int; i.lawrence@ucl.ac.uk FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration through the Ocean Remote Sensing Program FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration through the Ocean Remote Sensing Program funding. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1399 EP 1403 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2013.2293960 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AD2VY UT WOS:000333095200018 ER PT J AU Cook, GS Parnell, PE Levin, LA AF Cook, Geoffrey S. Parnell, P. Ed Levin, Lisa A. TI Population Connectivity Shifts at High Frequency within an Open-Coast Marine Protected Area Network SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEF FISH; LARVAL CONNECTIVITY; SWIMMING ABILITIES; DISPERSAL; PATTERNS; RECRUITMENT; RESERVES; METAPOPULATIONS; REPLENISHMENT; PERSISTENCE AB A complete understanding of population connectivity via larval dispersal is of great value to the effective design and management of marine protected areas (MPA). However empirical estimates of larval dispersal distance, self-recruitment, and within season variability of population connectivity patterns and their influence on metapopulation structure remain rare. We used high-resolution otolith microchemistry data from the temperate reef fish Hypsypops rubicundus to explore biweekly, seasonal, and annual connectivity patterns in an open-coast MPA network. The three MPAs, spanning 46 km along the southern California coastline were connected by larval dispersal, but the magnitude and direction of connections reversed between 2008 and 2009. Self-recruitment, i.e. spawning, dispersal, and settlement to the same location, was observed at two locations, one of which is a MPA. Self-recruitment to this MPA ranged from 50-84%; within the entire 60 km study region, self-recruitment accounted for 45% of all individuals settling to study reefs. On biweekly time scales we observed directional variability in alongshore current data and larval dispersal trajectories; if viewed in isolation these data suggest the system behaves as a source-sink metapopulation. However aggregate biweekly data over two years reveal a reef network in which H. rubicundus behaves more like a well-mixed metapopulation. As one of the few empirical studies of population connectivity within a temperate open coast reef network, this work can inform the MPA design process, implementation of ecosystem based management plans, and facilitate conservation decisions. C1 [Cook, Geoffrey S.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Cook, Geoffrey S.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Parnell, P. Ed; Levin, Lisa A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Cook, GS (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM gcook@rsmas.miami.edu FU United States Environmental Protection Agency Science; NSF- Marine Biodiversity and Conservation IGERT Fellowship (NSF) [0333444]; University of California Coastal Environmental Quality Initiative Graduate Fellowship; Moore Family Foundation - Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation at SIO; PADI Foundation; Mia J. Tegner coastal ecology grant; California Seagrant Traineeship [52-ANS-N]; NSF [OCE 0648656] FX This study was supported in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship Program, an NSF- Marine Biodiversity and Conservation IGERT Fellowship (NSF Award No. 0333444), a University of California Coastal Environmental Quality Initiative Graduate Fellowship, a Moore Family Foundation grant awarded by the Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation at SIO, a PADI Foundation grant, a Mia J. Tegner coastal ecology grant, and a California Seagrant Traineeship (52-ANS-N) to GSC. LAL was supported by NSF award OCE 0648656. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 64 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 31 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e103654 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0103654 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM6EF UT WOS:000339954800063 PM 25077486 ER PT J AU Schroer, MD Kolodrubetz, MH Kindel, WF Sandberg, M Gao, J Vissers, MR Pappas, DP Polkovnikov, A Lehnert, KW AF Schroer, M. D. Kolodrubetz, M. H. Kindel, W. F. Sandberg, M. Gao, J. Vissers, M. R. Pappas, D. P. Polkovnikov, Anatoli Lehnert, K. W. TI Measuring a Topological Transition in an Artificial Spin-1/2 System SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTIZED HALL CONDUCTANCE; BERRYS PHASE; GRAPHENE AB We present measurements of a topological property, the Chern number (C-1), of a closed manifold in the space of two-level system Hamiltonians, where the two-level system is formed from a superconducting qubit. We manipulate the parameters of the Hamiltonian of the superconducting qubit along paths in the manifold and extract C-1 from the nonadiabatic response of the qubit. By adjusting the manifold such that a degeneracy in the Hamiltonian passes from inside to outside the manifold, we observe a topological transition C-1 = 1 -> 0. Our measurement of C-1 is quantized to within 2% on either side of the transition. C1 [Schroer, M. D.; Lehnert, K. W.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schroer, M. D.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kolodrubetz, M. H.; Polkovnikov, Anatoli] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Kindel, W. F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sandberg, M.; Gao, J.; Vissers, M. R.; Pappas, D. P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Schroer, MD (reprint author), GE Aviat, Cincinnati, OH 45215 USA. RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649 FU National Science Foundation [1125844, NSF DMR-0907039, AFOSR FA9550-10-1-0110]; Laboratory for Physical Sciences; NRC FX We would like to acknowledge useful discussions with Maxim Vavilov and Pedram Roushan. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants No. 1125844, No NSF DMR-0907039, No. AFOSR FA9550-10-1-0110. This work was supported in part by the Laboratory for Physical Sciences and also performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. M. D. S. is supported by the NRC. NR 42 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 30 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 5 AR 050402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.050402 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AM6JD UT WOS:000339969600001 PM 25126902 ER PT J AU Bloch, ED Hudson, MR Mason, JA Chavan, S Crocella, V Howe, JD Lee, K Dzubak, AL Queen, WL Zadrozny, JM Geier, SJ Lin, LC Gagliardi, L Smit, B Neaton, JB Bordiga, S Brown, CM Long, JR AF Bloch, Eric D. Hudson, Matthew R. Mason, Jarad A. Chavan, Sachin Crocella, Valentina Howe, Joshua D. Lee, Kyuho Dzubak, Allison L. Queen, Wendy L. Zadrozny, Joseph M. Geier, Stephen J. Lin, Li-Chiang Gagliardi, Laura Smit, Berend Neaton, Jeffrey B. Bordiga, Silvia Brown, Craig M. Long, Jeffrey R. TI Reversible CO Binding Enables Tunable CO/H-2 and CO/N-2 Separations in Metal-Organic Frameworks with Exposed Divalent Metal Cations SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IRON(II) COORDINATION SITES; CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; BASIS-SETS; FUNDAMENTAL EQUATIONS; HYDROGEN ADSORPTION; SWING ADSORPTION; COMPLEXES; MONOXIDE AB Six metal organic frameworks of the M-2(dobdc) (M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn; dobdc(4-) = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarbox-ylate) structure type are demonstrated to bind carbon monoxide reversibly and at high capacity. Infrared spectra indicate that, upon coordination of CO to the divalent metal cations lining the pores within these frameworks, the C-O stretching frequency is blue-shifted, consistent with nonclassical metal-CO interactions. Structure determinations reveal M-CO distances ranging from 2.09(2) angstrom for M = Ni to 2.49(1) angstrom for M = Zn and M-C-O angles ranging from 161.2(7)degrees for M = Mg to 176.9(6) for M = Fe. Electronic structure calculations employing density functional theory (DFT) resulted in good agreement with the trends apparent in the infrared spectra and crystal structures. These results represent the first crystallographically characterized magnesium and zinc carbonyl compounds and the first high-spin manganese(II), iron(II), cobalt(II), and nickel(II) carbonyl species. Adsorption isotherms indicate reversible adsorption, with capacities for the Fe, Co, and Ni frameworks approaching one CO per metal cation site at 1 bar, corresponding to loadings as high as 6.0 mmol/g and 157 cm(3)/cm(3). The six frameworks display (negative) isosteric heats of CO adsorption ranging from 52.7 to 27.2 kJ/mol along the series Ni > Co > Fe > Mg > Mn > Zn, following the Irving Williams stability order. The reversible CO binding suggests that these frameworks may be of utility for the separation of CO from various industrial gas mixtures, including CO/H-2 and CO/N-2. Selectivities determined from gas adsorption isotherm data using ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) over a range of gas compositions at 1 bar and 298 K indicate that all six M-2(dobdc) frameworks could potentially be used as solid adsorbents to replace current cryogenic distillation technologies, with the choice of M dictating adsorbent regeneration energy and the level of purity of the resulting gases. C1 [Bloch, Eric D.; Mason, Jarad A.; Zadrozny, Joseph M.; Geier, Stephen J.; Smit, Berend; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hudson, Matthew R.; Queen, Wendy L.; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chavan, Sachin; Crocella, Valentina; Bordiga, Silvia] Univ Turin, NIS, Dept Chem, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Chavan, Sachin; Crocella, Valentina; Bordiga, Silvia] Univ Turin, INSTM Ctr Reference, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Howe, Joshua D.; Lee, Kyuho; Lin, Li-Chiang; Smit, Berend] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Howe, Joshua D.; Lee, Kyuho; Queen, Wendy L.; Neaton, Jeffrey B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dzubak, Allison L.; Gagliardi, Laura] Univ Minnesota, Chem Theory Ctr, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Dzubak, Allison L.; Gagliardi, Laura] Univ Minnesota, Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Smit, Berend; Neaton, Jeffrey B.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Neaton, Jeffrey B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Neaton, Jeffrey B.] Kavli Energy NanoSci Inst Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Long, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jrlong@berkeley.edu RI Lin, Li-Chiang/J-8120-2014; Smit, Berend/B-7580-2009; EFRC, CGS/I-6680-2012; Bordiga, Silvia/M-3875-2014; Stangl, Kristin/D-1502-2015; Zadrozny, Joseph/D-8206-2015; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Neaton, Jeffrey/F-8578-2015; Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014; Crocella, Valentina/E-5203-2016; Chavan, Sachin/B-8025-2014; Zadrozny, Joseph/A-1429-2017 OI Lin, Li-Chiang/0000-0002-2821-9501; Queen, Wendy/0000-0002-8375-2341; Smit, Berend/0000-0003-4653-8562; Bordiga, Silvia/0000-0003-2371-4156; Zadrozny, Joseph/0000-0002-1309-6545; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Neaton, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7585-6135; Crocella, Valentina/0000-0002-3606-8424; Zadrozny, Joseph/0000-0002-1309-6545 FU Center for Gas Separations Relevant to Clean Energy Technologies, an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001015]; Nanoporous Materials Genome Center of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences [DE-FG02-12ER16362]; MIUR-PRIN; Gerald K. Branch; Arkema; NIST/NRC; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX The experimental portion of this research was supported through the Center for Gas Separations Relevant to Clean Energy Technologies, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award DE-SC0001015. Computational studies were supported through the Nanoporous Materials Genome Center of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, under Award Number DE-FG02-12ER16362. S.B., V.C., and S.C. acknowledge financial support from MIUR-PRIN (2010-2011). We thank Samuel Odoh for helpful discussions. We thank Gerald K. Branch and Arkema for fellowship support of E.D.B., the NIST/NRC Fellowship program for support of M.R.H., the National Science Foundation for fellowship support of J.A.M. Portions of this work were performed at the Molecular Foundry, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 95 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 15 U2 162 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 30 PY 2014 VL 136 IS 30 BP 10752 EP 10761 DI 10.1021/ja505318p PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AM2PS UT WOS:000339693900033 PM 24999916 ER PT J AU Pires, R Repp, M Ulmanis, J Kuhnle, ED Weidemuller, M Tiecke, TG Greene, CH Ruzic, BP Bohn, JL Tiemann, E AF Pires, R. Repp, M. Ulmanis, J. Kuhnle, E. D. Weidemueller, M. Tiecke, T. G. Greene, Chris H. Ruzic, Brandon P. Bohn, John L. Tiemann, E. TI Analyzing Feshbach resonances: A Li-6-Cs-133 case study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-DEFECT THEORY; SCATTERING LENGTHS; GENERAL-FORM; FERMI GAS; ATOMS; COLLISIONS; MOLECULES; DIMERS; LI-6 AB We provide a comprehensive comparison of a coupled channel calculation, the asymptotic bound-state model (ABM), and the multichannel quantum defect theory (MQDT). Quantitative results for Li-6 -Cs-133 are presented and compared to previously measured Li-6 -Cs-133 Feshbach resonances (FRs) [Repp et al., Phys. Rev. A 87, 010701(R) (2013)]. We demonstrate how the accuracy of the ABM can be stepwise improved by including magnetic dipole-dipole interactions and coupling to a nondominant virtual state. We present a MQDT calculation, where magnetic dipole-dipole and second-order spin-orbit interactions are included. A frame transformation formalism is introduced, which allows the assignment of measured FRs with only three parameters. All three models achieve a total rms error of <1 G on the observed FRs. We critically compare the different models in view of the accuracy for the description of FRs and the required input parameters for the calculations. C1 [Pires, R.; Repp, M.; Ulmanis, J.; Kuhnle, E. D.; Weidemueller, M.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Tiecke, T. G.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Tiecke, T. G.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Tiecke, T. G.] MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Greene, Chris H.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ruzic, Brandon P.; Bohn, John L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ruzic, Brandon P.; Bohn, John L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tiemann, E.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Quantenopt, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. RP Pires, R (reprint author), Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, Neuenheimer Feld 226, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. EM weidemueller@uni-heidelberg.de; tiecke@physics.harvard.edu; chgreene@purdue.edu; tiemann@iqo.uni-hannover.de RI Greene, Chris/C-3821-2011; Weidemuller, Matthias/N-2232-2014 OI Greene, Chris/0000-0002-2096-6385; Weidemuller, Matthias/0000-0001-5639-5126 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science; CQD; IMPRS-QD; DAAD FX The work carried out at Colorado and at Purdue has been supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science. The work carried out in Heidelberg was supported by the CQD. R.P. acknowledges support by the IMPRS-QD. J.U. acknowledges support by the DAAD. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 30 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 1 AR 012710 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.012710 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AM6KG UT WOS:000339973000005 ER PT J AU Sokolov, DA Aronson, MC Wu, L Zhu, Y Nelson, C Mansfield, JF Sun, K Erwin, R Lynn, JW Lumsden, M Nagler, SE AF Sokolov, D. A. Aronson, M. C. Wu, L. Zhu, Y. Nelson, C. Mansfield, J. F. Sun, K. Erwin, R. Lynn, J. W. Lumsden, M. Nagler, S. E. TI Neutron, electron, and x-ray scattering investigation of Cr1-xVx near quantum criticality SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN-DENSITY-WAVE; PHASE-TRANSITION; CHROMIUM-ALLOYS; STRAIN WAVE; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SUPPRESSION; SR3RU2O7; CHARGE; METAL AB The weakness of electron-electron correlations in the itinerant antiferromagnet Cr doped with V has long been considered the reason that neither new collective electronic states nor even non-Fermi-liquid behavior are observed when antiferromagnetism in Cr1-xVx is suppressed to zero temperature. We present the results of neutron and electron diffraction measurements of several lightly doped single crystals of Cr1-xVx in which the archetypal spin density wave instability is progressively suppressed as the V content increases, freeing the nesting-prone Fermi surface for a new striped charge instability that occurs at x(c) = 0.037. This novel nesting driven instability relieves the entropy accumulation associated with the suppression of the spin density wave and avoids the formation of a quantum critical point by stabilizing a new type of charge order at temperatures in excess of 400 K. Restructuring of the Fermi surface near quantum critical points is a feature found in materials as diverse as heavy fermions, high-temperature copper oxide superconductors and now even elemental metals such as Cr. C1 [Sokolov, D. A.; Aronson, M. C.; Wu, L.; Zhu, Y.; Nelson, C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Aronson, M. C.; Zhu, Y.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Mansfield, J. F.; Sun, K.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48090 USA. [Erwin, R.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lumsden, M.; Nagler, S. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sokolov, DA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dsokolov@staffmail.ed.ac.uk RI Sokolov, D/G-7755-2011; Nagler, Stephen/E-4908-2010; Lumsden, Mark/F-5366-2012 OI Nagler, Stephen/0000-0002-7234-2339; Lumsden, Mark/0000-0002-5472-9660 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH1886, DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Science Foundation [EAR-99-11352]; National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Scientific User Facilities Division FX D.A.S. and M.C.A. would like to thank A. M. Tsvelik, J. Tranquada, T. M. Rice and S. M. Shapiro for useful discussions. Work at BNL was carried out under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contracts No. DE-AC02-98CH1886 (M.C.A. and D.A.S.) and DE-AC02-98CH10886 (Y.Z. and C.N.). Work at ORNL (M.L. and S.E.N.) was carried out under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Scientific User Facilities Division. The electron microprobe at the University of Michigan used in this study was partially funded by Grant No. EAR-99-11352 from the National Science Foundation. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. Identification of commercial equipment in the text is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 29 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 3 AR 035139 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.035139 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AO4LU UT WOS:000341310900002 ER PT J AU Brown, PT Li, WH Li, LF Ming, Y AF Brown, Patrick T. Li, Wenhong Li, Laifang Ming, Yi TI Top-of-atmosphere radiative contribution to unforced decadal global temperature variability in climate models SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INTERDECADAL PACIFIC OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; BUDGET; SENSITIVITY; PREDICTION; FEEDBACKS; CLOUDS; SYSTEM AB Much recent work has focused on unforced global mean surface air temperature (T) variability associated with the efficiency of heat transport into the deep ocean. Here the relationship between unforced variability in T and the Earth's top-of-atmosphere (TOA) energy balance is explored in preindustrial control runs of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 multimodel ensemble. It is found that large decadal scale variations in T tend to be significantly enhanced by the net energy flux at the TOA. This indicates that unforced decadal variability in T is not only caused by a redistribution of heat within the climate system but can also be associated with unforced changes in the total amount of heat in the climate system. It is found that the net TOA radiation imbalances result mostly from changes in albedo associated with the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation that temporarily counteracts the climate system's outgoing longwave (i.e., Stefan-Boltzmann) response to T change. C1 [Brown, Patrick T.; Li, Wenhong; Li, Laifang] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Ming, Yi] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Brown, PT (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM Patrick.Brown@duke.edu RI Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012 FU NSF [AGS-1147608] FX We would like to acknowledge Norman Loeb, Jonathan Jiang, and Ana Barros for offering insightful comments on this research. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. We would also like to acknowledge the work of Geert Jan van Oldenborgh for providing CMIP5 data at http://climexp.knmi.nl/. This work was partially supported by NSF grant AGS-1147608. NR 51 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 14 BP 5175 EP 5183 DI 10.1002/2014GL060625 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AQ5KD UT WOS:000342846100004 ER PT J AU Msadek, R Vecchi, GA Winton, M Gudgel, RG AF Msadek, R. Vecchi, G. A. Winton, M. Gudgel, R. G. TI Importance of initial conditions in seasonal predictions of Arctic sea ice extent SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICAL FORECAST SYSTEM; CLIMATE MODELS; ENSEMBLE; PREDICTABILITY; SKILL; GCM AB We present seasonal predictions of Arctic sea ice extent (SIE) over the 1982-2013 period using two suites of retrospective forecasts initialized from a fully coupled ocean-atmosphere-sea ice assimilation system. High skill scores are found in predicting year-to-year fluctuations of Arctic SIE, with significant correlations up to 7 month ahead for September detrended anomalies. Predictions over the recent era, which coincides with an improved observational coverage, outperform the earlier period for most target months. We find, however, a degradation of skill in September during the last decade, a period of sea ice thinning in observations. The two prediction models, Climate Model version 2.1 (CM2.1) and Forecast-oriented Low Ocean Resolution (FLOR), share very similar ocean and ice component and initialization but differ by their atmospheric component. FLOR has improved climatological atmospheric circulation and sea ice mean state, but its skill is overall similar to CM2.1 for most seasons, which suggests a key role for initial conditions in predicting seasonal SIE fluctuations. C1 [Msadek, R.; Vecchi, G. A.; Winton, M.; Gudgel, R. G.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Msadek, R.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Msadek, R (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Rym.Msadek@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 14 BP 5208 EP 5215 DI 10.1002/2014GL060799 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AQ5KD UT WOS:000342846100008 ER PT J AU Attota, R Dixson, RG AF Attota, Ravikiran Dixson, Ronald G. TI Resolving three-dimensional shape of sub-50 nm wide lines with nanometer-scale sensitivity using conventional optical microscopes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RECONSTRUCTION MICROSCOPY; DIMENSIONAL METROLOGY; RESOLUTION; NANOSCOPY AB We experimentally demonstrate that the three-dimensional (3-D) shape variations of nanometer-scale objects can be resolved and measured with sub-nanometer scale sensitivity using conventional optical microscopes by analyzing 4-D optical data using the through-focus scanning optical microscopy (TSOM) method. These initial results show that TSOM-determined cross-sectional (3-D) shape differences of 30 nm-40 nm wide lines agree well with critical-dimension atomic force microscope measurements. The TSOM method showed a linewidth uncertainty of 1.22 nm (k = 2). Complex optical simulations are not needed for analysis using the TSOM method, making the process simple, economical, fast, and ideally suited for high volume nanomanufacturing process monitoring. C1 [Attota, Ravikiran; Dixson, Ronald G.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Attota, R (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Ravikiran.attota@nist.gov FU Semiconductor and Dimensional Metrology Division of the NIST Physical Measurement Laboratory (PML) FX We thank R. Kasica and L. Chen from the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST) at NIST for their assistance in sample preparation; H. Lezec (from CNST), J. Potzick, and J. Kramar for discussions; J. Villarubia for measurement resolution calculations; H. Park for assisting in preparing figures; the Semiconductor and Dimensional Metrology Division of the NIST Physical Measurement Laboratory (PML) for partial support; and R. Silver for providing access to a NIST optical microscope. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 4 AR 043101 DI 10.1063/1.4891676 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AO2LB UT WOS:000341152600065 ER PT J AU Garberoglio, G Jankowski, P Szalewicz, K Harvey, AH AF Garberoglio, Giovanni Jankowski, Piotr Szalewicz, Krzysztof Harvey, Allan H. TI Path-integral calculation of the second virial coefficient including intramolecular flexibility effects SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN ISOTOPES; 1ST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATION; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; 3-BODY INTERACTIONS; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; MONOMER GEOMETRY; BOILING POINT; STATE; HELIUM; WATER AB We present a path-integral Monte Carlo procedure for the fully quantum calculation of the second molecular virial coefficient accounting for intramolecular flexibility. This method is applied to molecular hydrogen (H-2) and deuterium (D-2) in the temperature range 15-2000 K, showing that the effect of molecular flexibility is not negligible. Our results are in good agreement with experimental data, as well as with virials given by recent empirical equations of state, although some discrepancies are observed for H-2 between 100 and 200 K. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Garberoglio, Giovanni] FBK CMM, Interdisciplinary Lab Computat Sci LISC, I-38123 Povo, TN, Italy. [Garberoglio, Giovanni] Univ Trento, I-38123 Povo, TN, Italy. [Jankowski, Piotr] Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Dept Quantum Chem, Fac Chem, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Szalewicz, Krzysztof] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Harvey, Allan H.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Garberoglio, G (reprint author), FBK CMM, Interdisciplinary Lab Computat Sci LISC, Via Sommar 18, I-38123 Povo, TN, Italy. EM garberoglio@fbk.eu RI Jankowski, Piotr/O-5874-2015; OI Garberoglio, Giovanni/0000-0002-9201-2716 FU Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare through the "Supercalcolo"; Fondazione Bruno Kessler; National Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE-1152899] FX We thank J. W. Leachman for providing the equation of state of D2 ahead of publication, an anonymous reviewer of Ref. 3 for suggesting a way to improve the ground-state rigid-rotor approximation, and Bogumil Jeziorski for reading and commenting on the manuscript. G. G. acknowledges support by Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare through the "Supercalcolo" agreement with Fondazione Bruno Kessler. The calculations were performed on the KORE computing cluster at Fondazione Bruno Kessler. This work was partly supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant No. CHE-1152899. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 28 PY 2014 VL 141 IS 4 AR 044119 DI 10.1063/1.4890440 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AN6NT UT WOS:000340712200027 PM 25084893 ER PT J AU Iliev, M Meier, AK Galloway, B Adams, DE Squier, JA Durfee, CG AF Iliev, Marin Meier, Amanda K. Galloway, Benjamin Adams, Daniel E. Squier, Jeff A. Durfee, Charles G. TI Measurement of energy contrast of amplified ultrashort pulses using cross-polarized wave generation and spectral interferometry SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID LASER-PULSES; AMPLIFICATION; ROTATION AB We present a method using spectral interferometry (SI) to characterize a pulse in the presence of an incoherent background such as amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). The output of a regenerative amplifier is interfered with a copy of the pulse that has been converted using third-order cross-polarized wave generation (XPW). The ASE shows as a pedestal background in the interference pattern. The energy contrast between the short-pulse component and the ASE is retrieved. The spectra of the interacting beams are obtained through an improvement to the self-referenced spectral interferometry (SRSI) analysis. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Iliev, Marin; Meier, Amanda K.; Squier, Jeff A.; Durfee, Charles G.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Galloway, Benjamin; Adams, Daniel E.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Durfee, CG (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM cdurfee@mines.edu FU AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0394, FA9550-10-1-0561]; DOE [DE-SC0001559] FX We acknowledge funding support from AFOSR (FA9550-10-1-0394) and from DOE (DE-SC0001559). CD and AM acknowledge funding support from AFOSR (FA9550-10-1-0561). NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 28 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 15 BP 17968 EP 17978 DI 10.1364/OE.22.017968 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA AN6DV UT WOS:000340685600037 PM 25089416 ER PT J AU Schwarze, TS Gerberding, O Cervantes, FG Heinzel, G Danzmann, K AF Schwarze, Thomas S. Gerberding, Oliver Cervantes, Felipe Guzman Heinzel, Gerhard Danzmann, Karsten TI Advanced phasemeter for deep phase modulation interferometry SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB We present the development of an advanced phasemeter for the deep phase modulation interferometry technique. This technique aims for precise length measurements with a high dynamic range using little optical hardware. The advanced phasemeter uses fast ADCs and an FPGA to implement a design of multiple single-bin Fourier transforms running at high sampling rates. Non-linear noise sources in the design were analyzed and suppressed. A null measurement with an optical beatnote signal using lambda = 1064 nm was conducted. It showed a sensitivity of 0.8 mu rad/root Hz below 10 Hz and 13.3 mu rad/root Hz above, with a large dynamic range. The shown performance could enable the measuring of optical path lengths with sensitivities down to 0.14 pm/root Hz and 2.3 pm/root Hz, respectively, over several fringes in an interferometric setup. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Schwarze, Thomas S.; Gerberding, Oliver; Cervantes, Felipe Guzman; Heinzel, Gerhard; Danzmann, Karsten] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Max Planck Inst Gravitationsphys, Albert Einstein Inst, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Schwarze, Thomas S.; Gerberding, Oliver; Cervantes, Felipe Guzman; Heinzel, Gerhard; Danzmann, Karsten] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Gravitationsphys, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Cervantes, Felipe Guzman] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schwarze, TS (reprint author), Leibniz Univ Hannover, Max Planck Inst Gravitationsphys, Albert Einstein Inst, Callinstr 38, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. EM thomas.schwarze@aei.mpg.de RI Gerberding, Oliver/I-1408-2014; Guzman, Felipe/H-6453-2011 OI Gerberding, Oliver/0000-0001-7740-2698; Guzman, Felipe/0000-0001-9136-929X FU Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) [50 OQ 0501, 50 OQ 0601] FX We gratefully acknowledge support by the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) (references 50 OQ 0501 and 50 OQ 0601). NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 28 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 15 BP 18214 EP 18223 DI 10.1364/OE.22.018214 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA AN6DV UT WOS:000340685600061 PM 25089440 ER PT J AU Churnside, JH Sullivan, JM Twardowski, MS AF Churnside, James H. Sullivan, James M. Twardowski, Michael S. TI Lidar extinction-to-backscatter ratio of the ocean SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OCEANOGRAPHIC LIDAR; ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS; COASTAL WATERS; AIRBORNE LIDAR; CIRRUS CLOUDS; RAMAN LIDAR; SCATTERING; ABSORPTION; LIGHT; PHYTOPLANKTON AB Bio-optical models are used to develop a model of the lidar extinction-to-backscatter ratio applicable to oceanographic lidar. The model is based on chlorophyll concentration, and is expected to be valid for Case 1 waters. The limiting cases of narrow-and wide-beam lidars are presented and compared with estimates based on in situ optical measurements. Lidar measurements are also compared with the model using in situ or satellite estimates of chlorophyll concentration. A modified lidar ratio is defined, in which the properties of pure sea water are removed. This modified ratio is shown to be nearly constant for wide-beam lidar operating in low-chlorophyll waters, so accurate inversion to derive extinction and backscattering is possible under these conditions. This ratio can also be used for lidar calibration. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Churnside, James H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sullivan, James M.; Twardowski, Michael S.] Dept Res, WET Labs, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Sullivan, James M.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Churnside, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.h.churnside@noaa.gov RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU National Ocean Partnership Program; NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration; Office of Naval Research Optics and Biology Program [N0001410IP20035, N0001409IP20039]; NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry [NNX06AH32G, NNX06AH86G] FX Open-ocean lidar data collection was partially supported by the National Ocean Partnership Program and the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration. East Sound lidar data collection was partially supported by the Office of Naval Research Optics and Biology Program under Award Nos. N0001410IP20035 and N0001409IP20039. The authors acknowledge the MODIS Science team for the Science Algorithms, the Processing Team for producing MODIS data, and the GES DAAC MODIS Data Support Team for making MODIS data available to the user community. In situ optical data collection was supported by the NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry program under award nos. NNX06AH32G and NNX06AH86G. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 15 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 28 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 15 BP 18698 EP 18706 DI 10.1364/OE.22.018698 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA AN6DV UT WOS:000340685600108 PM 25089487 ER PT J AU Druffel, ERM Griffin, S Glynn, DS Dunbar, RB Mucciarone, DA Toggweiler, JR AF Druffel, Ellen R. M. Griffin, Sheila Glynn, Danielle S. Dunbar, Robert B. Mucciarone, David A. Toggweiler, J. Robert TI Seasonal radiocarbon and oxygen isotopes in a Galapagos coral: Calibration with climate indices SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL PACIFIC; NORTH PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; RECORD; THERMOCLINE; CIRCULATION; OCEAN; SHIFT AB We present seasonal Delta C-14 and delta O-18 measurements from a Galapagos coral sequence that grew during the early 20th century. Our results show that both Delta C-14 and delta O-18 values are correlated with sea surface temperature in the Nino 3.4 region and are indicators of El Nino-Southern Oscillation. There is a significant inverse correlation between Delta C-14 and delta O-18 values when Delta C-14 is lagged by similar to 2 months, indicating that sea surface temperature changes precede upwelling changes at this eastern equatorial location. We find that cold season low- Delta C-14 values were higher after the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) changed from a positive to a negative phase. Cold season high- delta O-18 values were significantly higher after the PDO shift as well. These findings suggest that there are two sources of low- Delta C-14 waters that upwell at the Galapagos, Subantarctic Mode Water and shallow overturning water from the subpolar North Pacific. C1 [Druffel, Ellen R. M.; Griffin, Sheila; Glynn, Danielle S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Dunbar, Robert B.; Mucciarone, David A.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Toggweiler, J. Robert] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Druffel, ERM (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM edruffel@uci.edu FU W.M. Keck Foundation; Jenkins Foundation; Kavli Foundation; NSF Chemical Oceanography Program [OCE-0137207, OCE-0526463]; NSF Earth System History Program [EAR-0402619]; NSF Climate Dynamics Program [GEO/ATM 0402562] FX We express our gratitude to the following people for their support and assistance during this project: John Southon and staff of the Keck Carbon Cycle Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory at UCI. The W.M. Keck Foundation, the Jenkins Foundation, the Kavli Foundation, and NSF Chemical Oceanography Program (OCE-0137207 and OCE-0526463 to ERMD), NSF Earth System History Program (EAR-0402619 to ERMD), and NSF Climate Dynamics Program (GEO/ATM 0402562 to RBD) provided the funding. The data reported in this paper are available at the NOAA National Climatic Data Center under Paleoclimatology Data Sets. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 14 BP 5099 EP 5105 DI 10.1002/2014GL060504 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AN4CU UT WOS:000340536000038 ER PT J AU Radley, C Fueglistaler, S AF Radley, C. Fueglistaler, S. TI The role of large-scale convective organization for tropical high cloud amount SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CIRCULATION; CLIMATE AB Tropical high clouds are closely coupled to deep convection, but local cloud amount and convective mass flux are nonlinearly related. We use the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory atmosphere-only model AM2 forced with idealized sea surface temperature (SST) perturbations to study the sensitivity of high clouds to the large-scale distribution of convection. Increasing/decreasing the SST contrast between convective and nonconvective regions decreases/increases the tropical deep convective area, and warming of convective areas decreases the tropical average convective mass flux (< m(c)>). In all experiments, fractional high cloud amount changes are less than fractional changes in < m(c)>. High cloud amount is half as sensitive as expected from the climatological average cloud amount, as a function of convective mass flux, due to strong compensation from nonconvective high clouds. The latter results from changes in relative humidity related to the change in < m(c)>. This effect renders high cloud amount remarkably robust to perturbations, though radiative effects of convective and nonconvective clouds will differ. C1 [Radley, C.; Fueglistaler, S.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Radley, C (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM cradley@princeton.edu RI Fueglistaler, Stephan/I-5803-2013 FU Cooperative Institute for Climate Science [344-6126]; DOE [SC0006841] FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments and Yi Ming for his help running the model. AM2 model data will be made available upon request. This research was supported by the Cooperative Institute for Climate Science under grant 344-6126, and in part by DOE grant SC0006841. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 14 BP 5259 EP 5263 DI 10.1002/2014GL060904 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AN4CU UT WOS:000340536000046 ER PT J AU Liang, Q Newman, PA Daniel, JS Reimann, S Hall, BD Dutton, G Kuijpers, LJM AF Liang, Qing Newman, Paul A. Daniel, John S. Reimann, Stefan Hall, Bradley D. Dutton, Geoff Kuijpers, Lambert J. M. TI Constraining the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) budget using its global trend and inter-hemispheric gradient SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT; STRATOSPHERE; TROPOSPHERE; CHLORINE; FUTURE; GASES AB Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a major anthropogenic ozone-depleting substance and greenhouse gas and has been regulated under the Montreal Protocol. However, the near-zero 2007-2012 emissions estimate based on the UNEP reported production and feedstock usage cannot be reconciled with the observed slow decline of atmospheric concentrations and the inter-hemispheric gradient (IHG) for CCl4. Our 3-D model simulations suggest that the observed IHG (1.5 +/- 0.2 ppt for 2000-2012) is primarily caused by ongoing current emissions, while ocean and soil losses and stratosphere-troposphere exchange together contribute a small negative gradient (similar to 0 - -0.3 ppt). Using the observed CCl4 global trend and IHG, we deduce that the mean global emissions for the 2000-2012 period are 39(34)(45) Gg/yr (similar to 30% of the peak 1980s emissions) and a corresponding total lifetime of 35(37)(32) years. C1 [Liang, Qing; Newman, Paul A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Liang, Qing] Univ Space Res Assoc, GESTAR, Columbia, MD USA. [Daniel, John S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Reimann, Stefan] Empa, Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Hall, Bradley D.; Dutton, Geoff] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Dutton, Geoff] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kuijpers, Lambert J. M.] Tech Univ Eindhoven, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. RP Liang, Q (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Qing.Liang-1@nasa.gov RI Liang, Qing/B-1276-2011; Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Reimann, Stefan/A-2327-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Reimann, Stefan/0000-0002-9885-7138; NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 14 BP 5307 EP 5315 DI 10.1002/2014GL060754 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AN4CU UT WOS:000340536000052 ER PT J AU Carlson, AE Hoffmayer, ER Tribuzio, CA Sulikowski, JA AF Carlson, Amy E. Hoffmayer, Eric R. Tribuzio, Cindy A. Sulikowski, James A. TI The Use of Satellite Tags to Redefine Movement Patterns of Spiny Dogfish (Squalus acanthias) along the US East Coast: Implications for Fisheries Management SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SHARKS CARCHARODON-CARCHARIAS; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; LIGHT-BASED GEOLOCATION; OFFSHORE FORAGING AREA; BOTTOM-TRAWL SURVEY; STATE-SPACE MODEL; GULF-OF-MEXICO; PACIFIC-OCEAN AB Spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) are assumed to be a highly migratory species, making habitual north-south migrations throughout their northwestern Atlantic United States (U.S.) range. Also assumed to be a benthic species, spiny dogfish stock structure is estimated through Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC) bottom-trawl surveys. Recent anomalies in population trends, including a recent four-fold increase in estimated spawning stock biomass, suggest alternative movement patterns could exist for this shark species. To obtain a better understanding of the horizontal and vertical movement dynamics of this species, Microwave Telemetry pop-up satellite archival X-Tags were attached to forty adult spiny dogfish at the northern (Gulf of Maine) and southern (North Carolina) extents of their core U.S. geographic range. Reconstructed geolocation tracks ranging in lengths from two to 12 months suggest that the seasonal migration patterns appear to be local in nature to each respective northern and southern deployment site, differing from previously published migration paradigms. Differences in distance and direction traveled between seasonal geolocations possibly indicate separate migratory patterns between groups. Kernel utilization distribution models also suggest strong separate core home ranges. Significant differences in seasonal temperature and depths between the two regions further substantiate the possibility of separate regional movement patterns between the two groups. Vertical utilization also suggests distinct diel patterns and that this species may not utilize the benthos as previously thought, potentially decreasing availability to benthic gear. C1 [Carlson, Amy E.; Sulikowski, James A.] Univ New England, Ctr Marine Sci, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. [Hoffmayer, Eric R.] Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pascagoula, MS USA. [Tribuzio, Cindy A.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK USA. RP Carlson, AE (reprint author), Univ New England, Ctr Marine Sci, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. EM acarlson1@une.edu FU Saltonstall-Kennedy (S-K) Grant Program [NA09NMF4270099, NA10NMF4270203]; Sturdivant Island Tuna Association FX This project was supported by awards from the Saltonstall-Kennedy (S-K) Grant Program (NA09NMF4270099 and NA10NMF4270203) and Sturdivant Island Tuna Association to J.A.S. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 112 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 47 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 28 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e103384 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0103384 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM6RZ UT WOS:000339993700066 PM 25068584 ER PT J AU Reader, J Gillaspy, JD Osin, D Ralchenko, Y AF Reader, J. Gillaspy, J. D. Osin, D. Ralchenko, Yu TI Extreme ultraviolet spectra and analysis of Delta n=0 transitions in highly charged barium SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE highly-charged ions; barium; extreme ultraviolet; EBIT ID ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; ENERGY-LEVELS; CU-LIKE; IONS; WAVELENGTHS; EBIT AB Extreme ultraviolet spectra of highly charged barium atoms were produced with an electron beam ion trap (EBIT) and recorded with a flat-field grazing-incidence spectrometer. The spectra were measured in the wavelength range 4 nm-24 nm with the beam energies varying from 700 eV to 30 000 eV. The line identifications were performed with collisional-radiative modeling of the EBIT plasma that provided good quantitative agreement between simulated and measured spectra. In the energy range 700 eV-1750 eV, fifty three n = 4-n = 4 transitions in Se-like (Ba22+) to Cu-like (Ba27+) ions were identified, with forty seven corresponding to new lines. Almost all lines are due to electric-dipole transitions. For the beam energies of 3945 eV-7530 eV, we identified eight new n = 3-n = 3 transitions in Ba42+ (Si-like), Ba43+ (Al-like), and Ba44+ (Mg-like). At the highest beam energy, 30 000 eV, three new n = 2-n = 2 transitions of Ba51+ (B-like), Ba52+ (Be-like), and Ba53+ (Li-like) were identified. The measured wavelengths are compared with recent ab initio theoretical calculations. An improved ionization energy for Ba26+ (Zn-like), IE = 937.2 +/- 0.8 eV, was determined by comparing theoretical values with measurements along the Zn isoelectronic sequence. C1 [Reader, J.; Gillaspy, J. D.; Osin, D.; Ralchenko, Yu] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reader, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yuri.ralchenko@nist.gov RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 FU Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy FX This research was supported in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy. We thank A Kramida for helpful discussions concerning derivation of the ionization energy of Zn-like Ba. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JUL 28 PY 2014 VL 47 IS 14 AR 145003 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/47/14/145003 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AL2IG UT WOS:000338948600004 ER PT J AU Yu, FF Wu, XQ Grotenhuis, M Qian, HF AF Yu, Fangfang Wu, Xiangqian Grotenhuis, Michael Qian, Haifeng TI Intercalibration of GOES Imager visible channels over the Sonoran Desert SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; REFLECTIVE SOLAR BANDS; OPERATIONAL CALIBRATION; CROSS-CALIBRATION; SATELLITE DATA; AMERICA; RETRIEVAL; SYSTEM; SITES; TERRA AB The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) have been observing the Western Hemisphere since the late 1970s, providing valuable information for weather forecast and climate change studies. Due to the lack of an onboard calibration device for the visible channel, accurate reflectance of the visible channel data depends on vicarious calibration methods to provide postlaunch calibration coefficients to compensate for the degraded responsivity. In this study, the Sonoran Desert, which can be viewed by both GOES-East and GOES-West satellites, is used to intercalibrate the visible channels on board the three-axis stabilized GOES satellite Imagers traceable to the AquaModerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Collection 6 (C6) calibration standard. It was found that when the anomalous reflectance in 2004 and 2005 are excluded, the Sonoran Desert is radiometrically, spatially, and spectrally stable at the GOES viewing geometries and thus can be considered as a pseudo-invariant calibration site to develop long-term GOES Imager visible data set. To characterize the desert target reflectance with the MODIS data, GOES observations over 1 year period are used to convert the MODIS reflectance to the GOES viewing and solar illumination geometries. The spectral band adjustment factor for each GOES Imager visible channel is generated with a set of clear-sky Hyperion measurements. A trending algorithm, which consists of a polynomial function for the description of instrument degradation performance and two sine terms for the impacts of the seasonal variations of the solar zenith angle and atmospheric components, is applied to fit the time series of prelaunch calibrated reflectance. The combined calibration uncertainty of the desert calibration method is less than 4% at the Aqua MODIS C6 calibration standard. The difference of the postlaunch calibration coefficients between the desert calibration and the current GOES visible operational calibration methods is mainly within 5%. C1 [Yu, Fangfang; Grotenhuis, Michael] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Wu, Xiangqian] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD USA. [Qian, Haifeng] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. RP Yu, FF (reprint author), Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. EM Fangfang.Yu@noaa.gov RI Grotenhuis, Michael/G-1195-2010; Qian, Haifeng/F-1987-2011; Yu, Fangfang/E-7942-2011; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010 OI Grotenhuis, Michael/0000-0002-6236-864X; Yu, Fangfang/0000-0001-8343-0863; Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650 FU NOAA/NESDIS/STAR cal/val project FX This work was supported by the NOAA/NESDIS/STAR cal/val project. We would like to thank Yong Chen for the LBLRTM simulated atmospheric transmission data, Chenyang Xiao for the help with statistical analysis, and Wenhui Wang and Mike Kalb for the valuable review comments. We also want to thank the three anonymous reviewers for their critical reviews with constructive comments and suggestions to help improve the quality of this paper. The GOES data for this paper are available at NOAA's Comprehensive Large Array-Data Stewardship System (CLASS) (http://www.class.ncdc.noaa.gov/), Aqua MODIS C6 data were downloaded from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Level 1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution system (http://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/), and Hyperion data were obtained from the USGS EarthExplorer webpage (http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov). The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U. S. government. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 14 BP 8639 EP 8658 DI 10.1002/2013JD020702 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN2GQ UT WOS:000340402800008 ER PT J AU Xiong, XZ Maddy, ES Barnet, C Gambacorta, A Patra, PK Sun, FY Goldberg, M AF Xiong, Xiaozhen Maddy, Eric S. Barnet, Chris Gambacorta, Antonia Patra, Prabir K. Sun, Fengying Goldberg, Mitchell TI Retrieval of nitrous oxide from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder: Characterization and validation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC CARBON-MONOXIDE; N2O MEASUREMENTS; SEASONAL CYCLES; TOTAL COLUMNS; CO RETRIEVAL; METHANE CH4; ACE-FTS; AIRS; TRANSPORT; GASES AB This paper presents the retrieval algorithm of nitrous oxide (N2O) using the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on EOS/Aqua, its validation using aircraft measurements, and one possible application for monitoring the global N2O annual trend from 2003 to 2013. The results demonstrate that AIRS is sensitive to N2O in the middle to upper troposphere, with the peak vertical sensitivity between 200 and 750 hPa and the sensitivity in the tropics larger than in the high-latitude regions. The degrees of freedom of the N2O retrieval are mostly between 1.0 and 1.5. Validation using the aircraft measurement profiles by the High-Performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research Pole-to-Pole Observations program over the Pacific Ocean indicated that the retrieval RMS error is mostly less than 8 ppb (or similar to 2.1%). One important feature is that the variability of N2O fromAIRS is more than 2 times than that of the aircraft measurements in the lower troposphere. In agreement with surface measurements, a nearly linear trend of N2O can be obtained based on limited AIRS data of 1 day in 15 May in each year from 2003 to 2013, and the increase rate of N2O is about 0.72 ppb yr(-1). This algorithm will be implemented in AIRS operational retrieval system, enabling the derivation of the N2O for over 20 years using the AIRS, the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer, and the Cross-track Infrared Sounder. Such a unique product will be complementary to currently sparse ground-based observations for monitoring the N2O trend associated with climate change. C1 [Xiong, Xiaozhen; Gambacorta, Antonia] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Xiong, Xiaozhen; Maddy, Eric S.; Barnet, Chris; Gambacorta, Antonia] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Maddy, Eric S.] Sci & Technol Corp, Langley, VA USA. [Patra, Prabir K.] JAMSTEC, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Sun, Fengying] Innovim LLC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Sun, Fengying] Natl Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Goldberg, Mitchell] NOAA, JPSS, NESDIS, Lanham, MD USA. RP Xiong, XZ (reprint author), IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM Xiaozhen.xiong@noaa.gov RI Maddy, Eric/G-3683-2010; Xiong, Xiaozhen/F-6591-2010; Gambacorta, Antonia/E-7937-2011 OI Maddy, Eric/0000-0003-1151-339X; Gambacorta, Antonia/0000-0002-2446-9132 FU NOAA Product System Development and Implementation program; JPSS Proving Ground and Risk Reduction Program FX This research was supported by funding from the NOAA Product System Development and Implementation program and JPSS Proving Ground and Risk Reduction Program. The aircraft measurement data are from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) program. The combined N2O data from NOAA/ESRL Global Monitoring Division are downloaded from ftp://ftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/hats/n2o/combined/. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 14 BP 9107 EP 9122 DI 10.1002/2013JD021406 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN2GQ UT WOS:000340402800034 ER PT J AU Jendrzejewski, F Eckel, S Murray, N Lanier, C Edwards, M Lobb, CJ Campbell, GK AF Jendrzejewski, F. Eckel, S. Murray, N. Lanier, C. Edwards, M. Lobb, C. J. Campbell, G. K. TI Resistive Flow in a Weakly Interacting Bose-Einstein Condensate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TONKS-GIRARDEAU GAS; SUPERFLUID; CIRCUIT AB We report the direct observation of resistive flow through a weak link in a weakly interacting atomic Bose-Einstein condensate. Two weak links separate our ring-shaped superfluid atomtronic circuit into two distinct regions, a source and a drain. Motion of these weak links allows for creation of controlled flow between the source and the drain. At a critical value of the weak link velocity, we observe a transition from superfluid flow to superfluid plus resistive flow. Working in the hydrodynamic limit, we observe a conductivity that is 4 orders of magnitude larger than previously reported conductivities for a Bose-Einstein condensate with a tunnel junction. Good agreement with zero-temperature Gross-Pitaevskii simulations and a phenomenological model based on phase slips indicate that the creation of excitations plays an important role in the resulting conductivity. Our measurements of resistive flow elucidate the microscopic origin of the dissipation and pave the way for more complex atomtronic devices. C1 [Jendrzejewski, F.; Eckel, S.; Lobb, C. J.; Campbell, G. K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jendrzejewski, F.; Eckel, S.; Lobb, C. J.; Campbell, G. K.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Murray, N.; Lanier, C.; Edwards, M.] Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. RP Jendrzejewski, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Campbell, Gretchen/E-8338-2010; Jendrzejewski, Fred/L-2998-2016; OI Campbell, Gretchen/0000-0003-2596-1919; Jendrzejewski, Fred/0000-0003-1488-7901; Edwards, Mark/0000-0002-3149-2402 FU ONR; ARO atomtronics MURI; NSF through the PFC@JQI [PHY-0822671, PHY-1068761]; National Research Council FX This work was partially supported by ONR, the ARO atomtronics MURI, and the NSF through the PFC@JQI, Grant No. PHY-0822671, and by Grant No. PHY-1068761. S. E. is supported by the National Research Council. We wish to thank W. D Phillips, A. Rancon, J. Lee, and A. Kumar for valuable discussions and experimental assistance. NR 35 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 25 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 4 AR 045305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.045305 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AO3UH UT WOS:000341261100011 PM 25105631 ER PT J AU Sammond, DW Yarbrough, JM Mansfield, E Bomble, YJ Hobdey, SE Decker, SR Taylor, LE Resch, MG Bozell, JJ Himmel, ME Vinzant, TB Crowley, MF AF Sammond, Deanne W. Yarbrough, John M. Mansfield, Elisabeth Bomble, Yannick J. Hobdey, Sarah E. Decker, Stephen R. Taylor, Larry E. Resch, Michael G. Bozell, Joseph J. Himmel, Michael E. Vinzant, Todd B. Crowley, Michael F. TI Predicting Enzyme Adsorption to Lignin Films by Calculating Enzyme Surface Hydrophobicity SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CARBOHYDRATE-BINDING MODULES; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ACIDOTHERMUS-CELLULOLYTICUS; THERMOMYCES-LANUGINOSUS; CELLOBIOHYDROLASE-I; CATALYTIC CORE; PROTEIN; HYDROLYSIS; CELLULOSE AB The inhibitory action of lignin on cellulase cocktails is a major challenge to the biological saccharification of plant cell wall polysaccharides. Although the mechanism remains unclear, hydrophobic interactions between enzymes and lignin are hypothesized to drive adsorption. Here we evaluate the role of hydrophobic interactions in enzyme-lignin binding. The hydrophobicity of the enzyme surface was quantified using an estimation of the clustering of nonpolar atoms, identifying potential interaction sites. The adsorption of enzymes to lignin surfaces, measured using the quartz crystal microbalance, correlates to the hydrophobic cluster scores. Further, these results suggest a minimum hydrophobic cluster size for a protein to preferentially adsorb to lignin. The impact of electrostatic contribution was ruled out by comparing the isoelectric point (pI) values to the adsorption of proteins to lignin surfaces. These results demonstrate the ability to predict enzyme-lignin adsorption and could potentially be used to design improved cellulase cocktails, thus lowering the overall cost of biofuel production. C1 [Sammond, Deanne W.; Yarbrough, John M.; Bomble, Yannick J.; Hobdey, Sarah E.; Decker, Stephen R.; Taylor, Larry E.; Resch, Michael G.; Himmel, Michael E.; Vinzant, Todd B.; Crowley, Michael F.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Resch, Michael G.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Mansfield, Elisabeth] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bozell, Joseph J.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Renewable Carbon, Ctr Catalyt Convers Biomass C3Bio, Knoxville, TN 37917 USA. RP Crowley, MF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biosci Ctr, 16253 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Michael.Crowley@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Bioenergy Technologies Office; Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0000997] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC36-08GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and by the Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Bioenergy Technologies Office. This work was also supported by the Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0000997. NR 53 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 6 U2 64 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 25 PY 2014 VL 289 IS 30 BP 20960 EP 20969 DI 10.1074/jbc.M114.573642 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AL8NS UT WOS:000339396600049 PM 24876380 ER PT J AU Senko, C Smith, J Richerme, P Lee, A Campbell, WC Monroe, C AF Senko, C. Smith, J. Richerme, P. Lee, A. Campbell, W. C. Monroe, C. TI Coherent imaging spectroscopy of a quantum many-body spin system SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED IONS; SIMULATOR AB Quantum simulators, in which well-controlled quantum systems are used to reproduce the dynamics of less understood ones, have the potential to explore physics inaccessible to modeling with classical computers. However, checking the results of such simulations also becomes classically intractable as system sizes increase. Here, we introduce and implement a coherent imaging spectroscopic technique, akin to magnetic resonance imaging, to validate a quantum simulation. We use this method to determine the energy levels and interaction strengths of a fully connected quantum many-body system. Additionally, we directly measure the critical energy gap near a quantum phase transition. We expect this general technique to become a verification tool for quantum simulators once experiments advance beyond proof-of-principle demonstrations and exceed the resources of conventional computers. C1 [Senko, C.; Smith, J.; Richerme, P.; Lee, A.; Monroe, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Senko, C.; Smith, J.; Richerme, P.; Lee, A.; Monroe, C.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Campbell, W. C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Senko, C (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM csenko@umd.edu RI Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011 FU U.S. Army Research Office (ARO) from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Optical Lattice Emulator Program [W911NF0710576]; ARO from the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity Multi-Qubit Coherent Operations Program [W911NF0410234]; NSF Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute FX We thank J. Freericks, B. Yoshimura, E. Edwards, S. Will, Z.-X. Gong, M. Foss-Feig, and A. Gorshkov for helpful discussions. This work is supported by the U.S. Army Research Office (ARO) award no. W911NF0710576 with funds from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Optical Lattice Emulator Program, ARO award no. W911NF0410234 with funds from the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity Multi-Qubit Coherent Operations Program, and the NSF Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 25 PY 2014 VL 345 IS 6195 BP 430 EP 433 DI 10.1126/science.1251422 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM2CB UT WOS:000339655100037 PM 25061207 ER PT J AU Ao, GY Khripin, CY Zheng, M AF Ao, Geyou Khripin, Constantine Y. Zheng, Ming TI DNA-Controlled Partition of Carbon Nanotubes in Polymer Aqueous Two-Phase Systems SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; RECOGNITION; SEPARATION; SOLUBILIZATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; FRACTIONATION; INTERFACES; DISPERSION; WATER AB Sorting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) of different chiralities is both scientifically interesting and technologically important. Recent studies have shown that polymer aqueous two-phase extraction is a very effective way to achieve nanotube sorting. However, works published to date have demonstrated only separation of surfactant-dispersed SWCNTs, and the mechanism of chirality-dependent SWCNT partition is not well understood. Here we report a systematic study of spontaneous partition of DNA-wrapped SWCNTs in several polymer aqueous two-phase systems. We show that partition of DNA SWCNT hybrids in a given polymer two-phase system is strongly sequence-dependent and can be further modulated by salt and polymer additives. With the proper combination of DNA sequence, polymer two-phase system, and partition modulators, as many as 15 single-chirality nanotube species have been effectively purified from a synthetic mixture. As an attempt to provide a unified partition mechanism of SWCNTs dispersed by surfactants and by DNA, we present a qualitative analysis of solvation energy for SWCNT colloids in a polymer-modified aqueous phase. Our observation and analysis highlight the sensitive dependence of the hydration energy on the spatial distribution of hydrophilic functionalities. C1 [Ao, Geyou; Khripin, Constantine Y.; Zheng, Ming] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zheng, M (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ming.zheng@nist.gov FU National Research Council FX We thank Drs. Jeffrey Fagan, Anand Jagota, Jeetain Mittal, and Jack Douglas for their critical comments on the manuscript. G.A acknowledges postdoctoral fellowship support from the National Research Council. NR 31 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 14 U2 113 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 23 PY 2014 VL 136 IS 29 BP 10383 EP 10392 DI 10.1021/ja504078b PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AL9OZ UT WOS:000339471900035 PM 24976036 ER PT J AU Fritsch, K Kermarrec, E Ross, KA Qiu, Y Copley, JRD Pomaranski, D Kycia, JB Dabkowska, HA Gaulin, BD AF Fritsch, K. Kermarrec, E. Ross, K. A. Qiu, Y. Copley, J. R. D. Pomaranski, D. Kycia, J. B. Dabkowska, H. A. Gaulin, B. D. TI Temperature and magnetic field dependence of spin-ice correlations in the pyrochlore magnet Tb2Ti2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANTIFERROMAGNET TB2TI2O7; LIQUID-STATE; GLASSES AB We present a parametric study of the diffuse magnetic scattering at (1/2, 1/2, 1/2) positions in reciprocal space, ascribed to a frozen antiferromagnetic spin ice state in single-crystalline Tb2Ti2O7. Our high-resolution neutron scattering measurements show that the elastic (-0.02 meV < E < 0.02 meV) (1/2, 1/2, 1/2) scattering develops strongly below approximate to 275 mK, and correlates with the opening of a spin gap of approximate to 0.06 to 0.08 meV over most of the Brillouin zone. The nature of the transition at 275 mK has many characteristics of spin glass behavior, consistent with ac-susceptibility measurements. The application of a magnetic field of 0.075 T applied along the [1 (1) over bar0] direction destroys the (1/2, 1/2, 1/2) elastic scattering, revealing the fragility of this short-range ordered ground state. We construct a refined H-T phase diagram for Tb2Ti2O7 and [1 (1) over bar0] fields which incorporates this frozen spin ice regime and the antiferromagnetic long-range order previously known to be induced in relatively large fields. Specific heat measurements on the same crystal reveal a sharp anomaly at T-c approximate to 450 mK and no indication of a transition near approximate to 275 mK. We conclude that the higher temperature specific heat peak is not related to the magnetic ordering but is likely a signal of other, nonmagnetic dipole correlations. C1 [Fritsch, K.; Kermarrec, E.; Gaulin, B. D.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Ross, K. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ross, K. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ross, K. A.; Qiu, Y.; Copley, J. R. D.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pomaranski, D.; Kycia, J. B.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Pomaranski, D.; Kycia, J. B.] Univ Waterloo, Guelph Waterloo Phys Inst, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Pomaranski, D.; Kycia, J. B.] Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Dabkowska, H. A.; Gaulin, B. D.] Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gaulin, B. D.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. RP Fritsch, K (reprint author), Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. EM katharina.fritsch@helmholtz-berlin.de OI Kermarrec, Edwin/0000-0002-3467-5482 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; NSERC of Canada FX The authors acknowledge useful contributions from M. J. P. Gingras. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772, and was supported by NSERC of Canada. The DAVE software package [67] was used for data reduction and analysis of DCS data. NR 66 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 41 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 23 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 1 AR 014429 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.014429 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AM1OA UT WOS:000339615000004 ER PT J AU Papp, SB Beha, K Del'Haye, P Quinlan, F Lee, H Vahala, KJ Diddams, SA AF Papp, Scott B. Beha, Katja Del'Haye, Pascal Quinlan, Franklyn Lee, Hansuek Vahala, Kerry J. Diddams, Scott A. TI Microresonator frequency comb optical clock SO OPTICA LA English DT Article ID PHASE NOISE; MICROWAVE GENERATION; CHIP; SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS; LASER AB Optical frequency combs serve as the clockwork of optical clocks, which are now the best time-keeping systems in existence. The use of precise optical time and frequency technology in various applications beyond the research lab remains a significant challenge, but one that integrated microresonator technology is poised to address. Here, we report a silicon-chip-based microresonator comb optical clock that converts an optical frequency reference to a microwave signal. A comb spectrum with a 25 THz span is generated with a 2 mm diameter silica disk and broadening in nonlinear fiber. This spectrum is stabilized to rubidium frequency references separated by 3.5 THz by controlling two teeth 108 modes apart. The optical clock's output is the electronically countable 33 GHz microcomb line spacing, which features stability better than the rubidium transitions by the expected factor of 108. Our work demonstrates the comprehensive set of tools needed for interfacing microcombs to state-of-the-art optical clocks. C1 [Papp, Scott B.; Beha, Katja; Del'Haye, Pascal; Quinlan, Franklyn; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Time & Frequency Div 688, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lee, Hansuek; Vahala, Kerry J.] CALTECH, TJ Watson Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Papp, SB (reprint author), NIST, Time & Frequency Div 688, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM scott.papp@nist.gov RI Del'Haye, Pascal/G-2588-2016; Lee, Hansuek/G-2007-2015 OI Del'Haye, Pascal/0000-0002-6517-6942; Lee, Hansuek/0000-0002-0748-7662 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) (PULSE, QuASAR); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Kavli NanoScience Institute at Caltech FX Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) (PULSE, QuASAR), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), and Kavli NanoScience Institute at Caltech. NR 30 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 6 U2 28 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2334-2536 J9 OPTICA JI Optica PD JUL 22 PY 2014 VL 1 IS 1 BP 10 EP 14 DI 10.1364/OPTICA.1.000010 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA CI6IQ UT WOS:000354862800004 ER PT J AU Gentile, L Behrens, MA Porcar, L Butler, P Wagner, NJ Olsson, U AF Gentile, Luigi Behrens, Manja A. Porcar, Lionel Butler, Paul Wagner, Norman J. Olsson, Ulf TI Multilamellar Vesicle Formation from a Planar Lamellar Phase under Shear Flow SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID NONIONIC SURFACTANT/WATER SYSTEM; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; UNDULATION INSTABILITY; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; ONION PHASE; TRANSITION; TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING; DROPLETS; SIZE AB The formation of multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) from the lamellar phase of nonionic surfactant system C12E5/D2O under shear flow is studied by time-resolved small angle neutron and light scattering during shear flow. A novel small angle neutron scattering sample environment enables the tracking of the lamellae alignment in the velocity-velocity gradient (1-2) plane during MLV formation, which was tracked independently using flow small angle light scattering commensurate with rheology. During the lamellar-to-multilamellar vesicle transition, the primary Bragg peak from the lamellar ordering was observed to tilt, and this gradually increased with time, leading to an anisotropic pattern with a primary axis oriented at similar to 25 degrees relative to the flow direction. This distorted pattern persists under flow after MLV formation. A critical strain and critical capillary number based on the MLV viscosity are demonstrated for MLV formation, which is shown to be robust for other systems as well. These novel measurements provide fundamentally new information about the flow orientation of lamellae in the plane of flow that cannot be anticipated from the large body of previous literature showing nearly isotropic orientation in the 2,3 and 1,3 planes of flow. These observations are consistent with models for buckling-induced MLV formation but suggest that the instability is three-dimensional, thereby identifying the mechanism of MLV formation in simple shear flow. C1 [Gentile, Luigi] Univ Calabria, Dept Chem & Chem Technol, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. [Gentile, Luigi; Behrens, Manja A.; Olsson, Ulf] Lund Univ, Div Phys Chem, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, Large Scale Struct Grp, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Butler, Paul; Wagner, Norman J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wagner, Norman J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Ctr Neutron Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Gentile, L (reprint author), Univ Calabria, Dept Chem & Chem Technol, Pietro Bucci 12C, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. RI Wagner, Norman/B-6558-2012; Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011; Gentile, Luigi/G-6484-2013 OI Wagner, Norman/0000-0001-9565-619X; Gentile, Luigi/0000-0001-6854-2963 FU European Commission; European Social Fund; Region of Calabria; European Commission [262348] FX The beam line was provided by the Institut-Laue-Langevin under proposal 57735 and by the NCNR NIST under proposal S29-25. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under agreement no. DMR-0944772. This article was prepared in part (N.J.W.) under cooperative agreements 70NANB10H256 and 70NANB12H239 from NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of NIST or the U.S. Department of Commerce. This article was also cofinanced by the European Commission, European Social Fund, and the Region of Calabria. The authors are solely responsible for this article, and the European Commission and the Region of Calabria are not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained herein. We acknowledge financial support from the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Program by means of the grant agreement for the Integrated Infrastructure Initiative no. 262348 European Soft Matter Infrastructure (ESMI). NR 59 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 60 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 22 PY 2014 VL 30 IS 28 BP 8316 EP 8325 DI 10.1021/la501071s PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AL9LQ UT WOS:000339463000010 PM 24983325 ER PT J AU Patrone, PN Gallatin, GM AF Patrone, Paul N. Gallatin, Gregg M. TI Response of Block Copolymer Thin-Film Morphology to Line-Width Roughness on a Chemoepitaxial Template SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID LINE EDGE ROUGHNESS; PATTERNED SURFACES; DENSITY MULTIPLICATION; MICROPHASE SEPARATION; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; FIELD SIMULATIONS; CHEMICAL-PATTERNS; LITHOGRAPHY AB Using the Leibler-Ohta-Kawasaki (LOK) phase-field model of block copolymers (BCPs), we characterize how line-width roughness (LWR) in the chemoepitaxial template affects the BCP microdomain shape. Specifically, we derive formulas for the monomer density and the microdomain interface profile of periodic, lamellar BCP melts whose template lines widths oscillate with frequency k. The key idea behind our approach is to identify variations in the microdomain interface positions (relative to their averages) as corresponding to a local excess of one of the monomer types. For lamellar systems, our analysis (i) shows that the BCP morphology arises from the constraint that the total mass in a microdomain is fixed, independent of LWR, and (ii) determines a length scale A over which template LWR affects the polymer melt. C1 [Patrone, Paul N.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Math & Applicat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Patrone, Paul N.; Gallatin, Gregg M.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Patrone, PN (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Inst Math & Applicat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM ppatrone@umn.edu; ggallatin@charter.net FU National Institute of Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program Award through University of Maryland [70NANB10H026]; Institute for Mathematics and its Applications at the University of Minnesota FX P.N.P. was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program Award 70NANB10H026 through the University of Maryland. This author was also supported by the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications at the University of Minnesota. The authors thank Dionisios Margetis, Mark Stiles, and "Charlie" Chi-chun Liu for useful discussions during preparation of this manuscript. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 22 PY 2014 VL 47 IS 14 BP 4824 EP 4829 DI 10.1021/ma500429x PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AL9LP UT WOS:000339462900031 ER PT J AU Chen, F Li, JL Armour, AD Brahimi, E Stettenheim, J Sirois, AJ Simmonds, RW Blencowe, MP Rimberg, AJ AF Chen, Fei Li, Juliang Armour, A. D. Brahimi, E. Stettenheim, Joel Sirois, A. J. Simmonds, R. W. Blencowe, M. P. Rimberg, A. J. TI Realization of a single-Cooper-pair Josephson laser SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COULOMB-BLOCKADE; QUANTUM; PHOTON; RESONATOR; JUNCTION; CURRENTS; CIRCUIT; STATES; CHAOS AB We have embedded a voltage-biased Cooper-pair transistor (CPT) in a high-Q superconducting microwave cavity. When the energy given to a tunneling Cooper pair by the voltage bias is equal to a multiple of the cavity photon frequency, the cavity is pumped to a strongly nonequilibrium state. The cavity photons act back on the CPT, allowing us to enter a regime of strongly correlated electronic-photonic transport. We directly observe the effects of photonic backaction on Cooper-pair transport, and see clear evidence for single-emitter lasing in the form of emission dominated by stimulated transport processes. C1 [Chen, Fei; Li, Juliang; Brahimi, E.; Stettenheim, Joel; Blencowe, M. P.; Rimberg, A. J.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Armour, A. D.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Sirois, A. J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Simmonds, R. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Chen, F (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM ajrimberg@dartmouth.edu OI Armour, Andrew/0000-0002-7190-8601 FU NSF [DMR-1104790, DMR-1104821]; AFOSR/DARPA [FA8750-12-2-0339]; EPSRC (U.K.) [EP/I017828/1] FX This work was supported by the NSF under Grants No. DMR-1104790 and No. DMR-1104821, by AFOSR/DARPA under Agreement No. FA8750-12-2-0339, and by EPSRC (U.K.) under Grant No. EP/I017828/1. NR 38 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 22 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 2 AR 020506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.020506 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AL9SQ UT WOS:000339481700001 ER PT J AU Russell, DJF Brasseur, SMJM Thompson, D Hastie, GD Janik, VM Aarts, G McClintock, BT Matthiopoulos, J Moss, SEW McConnell, B AF Russell, Deborah J. F. Brasseur, Sophie M. J. M. Thompson, Dave Hastie, Gordon D. Janik, Vincent M. Aarts, Geed McClintock, Brett T. Matthiopoulos, Jason Moss, Simon E. W. McConnell, Bernie TI Marine mammals trace anthropogenic structures at sea SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Russell, Deborah J. F.; Thompson, Dave; Hastie, Gordon D.; Janik, Vincent M.; Moss, Simon E. W.; McConnell, Bernie] Univ St Andrews, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Russell, Deborah J. F.] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. [Brasseur, Sophie M. J. M.; Aarts, Geed] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, IMARES, NL-1797 SZ T Horntje Texel, Netherlands. [Aarts, Geed] Wageningen Univ, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [McClintock, Brett T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Matthiopoulos, Jason] Univ Glasgow, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. RP Russell, DJF (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. EM dr60@st-and.ac.uk NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 11 U2 58 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0960-9822 EI 1879-0445 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD JUL 21 PY 2014 VL 24 IS 14 BP R638 EP R639 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2014.06.033 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA AL9MR UT WOS:000339465900005 PM 25050956 ER PT J AU Colussi, VE Greene, CH D'Incao, JP AF Colussi, V. E. Greene, Chris H. D'Incao, J. P. TI Three-Body Physics in Strongly Correlated Spinor Condensates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; RESONANTLY INTERACTING PARTICLES; FEW-BODY SYSTEMS; UNIVERSALITY; GASES; SPECTRUM; DYNAMICS; DOMAINS AB Spinor condensates have proven to be a rich area for probing many-body phenomena richer than that of an ultracold gas consisting of atoms restricted to a single spin state. In the strongly correlated regime, the physics controlling the possible novel phases of the condensate remains largely unexplored, and few-body aspects can play a central role in the properties and dynamics of the system through manifestations of Efimov physics. The present study solves the three-body problem for bosonic spinors using the hyperspherical adiabatic representation and characterizes the multiple families of Efimov states in spinor systems as well as their signatures in the scattering observables relevant for spinor condensates. These solutions exhibit a rich array of possible phenomena originating in universal few-body physics, which can strongly affect the spin dynamics and three-body mean-field contributions for spinor condensates. The collisional aspects of atom-dimer spinor condensates are also analyzed, and effects are predicted that derive from Efimov physics. C1 [Colussi, V. E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Greene, Chris H.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [D'Incao, J. P.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [D'Incao, J. P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Colussi, VE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Greene, Chris/C-3821-2011; Colussi, Victor /M-1335-2016 OI Greene, Chris/0000-0002-2096-6385; Colussi, Victor /0000-0002-0972-6276 FU U.S. National Science Foundation; AFOSR-MURI grant FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation and by an AFOSR-MURI grant. NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 4 AR 045302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.045302 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AL9EN UT WOS:000339442800005 PM 25105628 ER PT J AU Lester, BJ Kaufman, AM Regal, CA AF Lester, B. J. Kaufman, A. M. Regal, C. A. TI Raman cooling imaging: Detecting single atoms near their ground state of motion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ZERO-POINT ENERGY; OPTICAL LATTICE; MOTT INSULATOR; QUANTUM GAS; DENSITY; CESIUM AB We demonstrate imaging of neutral atoms via the light scattered during continuous Raman sideband cooling. We detect single atoms trapped in optical tweezers while maintaining a significant motional ground-state fraction. The techniques presented provide a framework for single-atom resolved imaging of a broad class of atomic species. C1 [Lester, B. J.; Kaufman, A. M.; Regal, C. A.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lester, B. J.; Kaufman, A. M.; Regal, C. A.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lester, B. J.; Kaufman, A. M.; Regal, C. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lester, BJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM blester@jila.colorado.edu; regal@colorado.edu FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; National Science Foundation [1125844]; Clare Boothe Luce Foundation; NSF-GRFP; NDSEG FX We thank T.P. Purdy, C.M. Reynolds, and K.R.A. Hazzard for useful discussions. This work was supported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1125844. C.A.R. acknowledges support from the Clare Boothe Luce Foundation, B.J.L. from the NSF-GRFP, and A.M.K. from NDSEG. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 21 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 1 AR 011804 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.011804 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AL9EK UT WOS:000339442400002 ER PT J AU Trampedach, R Stein, RF Christensen-Dalsgaard, J Nordlund, A Asplund, M AF Trampedach, Regner Stein, Robert F. Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jorgen Nordlund, Ake Asplund, Martin TI Improvements to stellar structure models, based on a grid of 3D convection simulations - I. T(tau) relations SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE convection; stars: atmospheres; stars: interiors ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; FREE ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENT; SPECTRAL-LINE FORMATION; METAL-POOR STARS; SURFACE CONVECTION; SOLAR CHROMOSPHERE; GIANT STARS; HYDRODYNAMICAL SIMULATIONS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN AB Relations between temperature, T, and optical depth, tau, are often used for describing the photospheric transition from optically thick to optically thin in stellar structure models. We show that this is well justified, but also that currently used T(tau) relations are often inconsistent with their implementation. As an outer boundary condition on the system of stellar structure equations, T(tau) relations have an undue effect on the overall structure of stars. In this age of precision asteroseismology, we need to re-assess both the method for computing and for implementing T(tau) relations, and the assumptions they rest on. We develop a formulation for proper and consistent evaluation of T(tau) relations from arbitrary 1D or 3D stellar atmospheres, and for their implementation in stellar structure and evolution models. We extract radiative T(tau) relations, as described by our new formulation, from 3D simulations of convection in deep stellar atmospheres of late-type stars from dwarfs to giants. These simulations employ realistic opacities and equation of state, and account for line blanketing. For comparison, we also extract T(tau) relations from 1DMARCSmodel atmospheres using the same formulation. T(tau) relations from our grid of 3D convection simulations display a larger range of behaviours with surface gravity, compared with those of conventional theoretical 1D hydrostatic atmosphere models based on the mixing-length theory for convection. The 1D atmospheres show little dependence on gravity. 1D atmospheres of main-sequence stars also show an abrupt transition to the diffusion approximation at tau similar or equal to 2.5, whereas the 3D simulations exhibit smooth transitions that occur at the same depth for M similar or equal to 0.8 M-circle dot, and higher in the atmosphere for both more and less massive main-sequence stars. Based on these results, we recommend no longer using scaled solar T(tau) relations. Files with T(tau) relations for our grid of simulations are made available to the community, together with routines for interpolating in this irregular grid. We also provide matching tables of atmospheric opacity, for consistent implementation in stellar structure models. C1 [Trampedach, Regner; Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jorgen] Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Stellar Astrophys Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Trampedach, Regner] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Trampedach, Regner] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stein, Robert F.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Nordlund, Ake] Niels Bohr Inst, Astron Observ, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Asplund, Martin] Australian Natl Univ, Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. RP Trampedach, R (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Stellar Astrophys Ctr, Ny Munkegade 120,Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM trampeda@lcd.colorado.edu RI Nordlund, Aake/M-4528-2014 OI Nordlund, Aake/0000-0002-2219-0541 FU Australian Research Council [DP 0342613, DP 0558836]; NASA grants [NNX08AI57G, NNX11AJ36G]; NSF grant [AGS-1141921]; NASA grant [NNX12AH49G]; Danish National Research Foundation [DNRF106]; ASTERISK project (ASTERoseismic Investigations with SONG and Kepler) - European Research Council [267864]; Laureate Fellowship from the Australian Research Council [FL110100012] FX The helpful comments and suggestions by the anonymous referee have improved the paper and are much appreciated. We are grateful to R. L. Kurucz for providing access to his data base of opacity distribution functions, and we are also grateful to W. Dappen for access to the code and data tables for the MHD equation of state. RT acknowledges funding from the Australian Research Council (grants DP 0342613 and DP 0558836) and NASA grants NNX08AI57G and NNX11AJ36G. RFS acknowledges NSF grant AGS-1141921 and NASA grant and NNX12AH49G. Funding for the Stellar Astrophysics Centre is provided by the Danish National Research Foundation (Grant DNRF106). The research is supported by the ASTERISK project (ASTERoseismic Investigations with SONG and Kepler) funded by the European Research Council (grant agreement no.: 267864). The work of MA has been supported through a Laureate Fellowship from the Australian Research Council (FL110100012). The simulations were run at the Australian Partnership for Advanced Computations (APAC). This research has made extensive use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. NR 98 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 21 PY 2014 VL 442 IS 1 BP 805 EP 820 DI 10.1093/mnras/stu889 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AK9RW UT WOS:000338765400067 ER PT J AU Schewe, PF AF Schewe, Phillip F. TI Carbon humanism: Freeman Dyson and the looming battle between environmentalists and humanists SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B LA English DT Article AB Freeman Dyson has had a distinguished career as a scientist, but perhaps this notable body of work might be eclipsed in importance by his many writings about society, especially those dealing with the dilemma of how improved living standards can be brought about without despoiling the land. Dyson is one of the few prominent commentators who directly addresses what might shape up as a culture war between two viewpoints - environmentalism and humanism - that otherwise have many aims in common. The first part of this essay looks at the broad outline of Dyson's career while the second part looks more particularly at his contributions to the humanist debate. C1 [Schewe, Phillip F.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Schewe, Phillip F.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Schewe, PF (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-9792 EI 1793-6578 J9 INT J MOD PHYS B JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. B PD JUL 20 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 18 AR 1470001 DI 10.1142/S0217979214700019 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA AI6DS UT WOS:000336961000010 ER PT J AU Kaufman, AM Lester, BJ Reynolds, CM Wall, ML Foss-Feig, M Hazzard, KRA Rey, AM Regal, CA AF Kaufman, A. M. Lester, B. J. Reynolds, C. M. Wall, M. L. Foss-Feig, M. Hazzard, K. R. A. Rey, A. M. Regal, C. A. TI Two-particle quantum interference in tunnel-coupled optical tweezers SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SINGLE ATOMS; COHERENCE; PHOTONS; LATTICE; INDISTINGUISHABILITY AB The quantum statistics of atoms is typically observed in the behavior of an ensemble via macroscopic observables. However, quantum statistics modifies the behavior of even two particles. Here, we demonstrate near-complete control over all the internal and external degrees of freedom of two laser-cooled Rb-87 atoms trapped in two optical tweezers. This controllability allows us to observe signatures of indistinguishability via two-particle interference. Our work establishes laser-cooled atoms in optical tweezers as a promising route to bottom-up engineering of scalable, low-entropy quantum systems. C1 [Kaufman, A. M.; Lester, B. J.; Reynolds, C. M.; Wall, M. L.; Hazzard, K. R. A.; Rey, A. M.; Regal, C. A.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kaufman, A. M.; Lester, B. J.; Reynolds, C. M.; Wall, M. L.; Hazzard, K. R. A.; Rey, A. M.; Regal, C. A.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kaufman, A. M.; Lester, B. J.; Reynolds, C. M.; Wall, M. L.; Hazzard, K. R. A.; Rey, A. M.; Regal, C. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Foss-Feig, M.] Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Foss-Feig, M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Regal, CA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM regal@colorado.edu FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF) [1125844]; Clare Boothe Luce Foundation; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowships; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program; NSF-Physics at the Information Frontier; Army Research Office; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship FX We thank T. P. Purdy for useful discussions. This work was supported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant no. 1125844. C. A. R. acknowledges support from the Clare Boothe Luce Foundation, A. M. K. and C. M. R. from the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowships, and B.J.L. from the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program. K. R. A. H., M. L. W., and A. M. R. acknowledge funding from NSF-Physics at the Information Frontier, Army Research Office and Air Force Office of Scientific Research. K. R. A. H. and M.F.-F. acknowledge support from a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship. NR 31 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 18 PY 2014 VL 345 IS 6194 BP 306 EP 309 DI 10.1126/science.1250057 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AL8PG UT WOS:000339400700046 PM 24968938 ER PT J AU Li, J Yi, X Lee, H Diddams, SA Vahala, KJ AF Li, Jiang Yi, Xu Lee, Hansuek Diddams, Scott A. Vahala, Kerry J. TI Electro-optical frequency division and stable microwave synthesis SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BRILLOUIN-FIBER-LASER; MACH-ZEHNDER MODULATOR; PHASE-NOISE; GENERATION; SILICON; CHIP; GHZ; STABILIZATION; RESONATOR; PHOTONICS AB Optical frequency division by using frequency combs has revolutionized time keeping and the generation of stable microwave signals. We demonstrate optical frequency division and microwave generation by using a tunable electrical oscillator to create dual combs through phase modulation of two optical signals that have a stable difference frequency. Phase-locked control of the electrical oscillator by means of optical frequency division produces stable microwaves. Our approach transposes the oscillator and frequency reference of a conventional microwave frequency synthesizer. In this way, the oscillator experiences large phase noise reduction relative to the frequency reference. The electro-optical approach additionally relaxes the need for highly linear photodetection of the comb mode spacing. As well as simplicity, the technique is also tunable and scalable to higher division ratios. C1 [Li, Jiang; Yi, Xu; Lee, Hansuek; Vahala, Kerry J.] CALTECH, Thomas J Watson Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Vahala, KJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Thomas J Watson Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM vahala@caltech.edu RI Li, Jiang/O-5235-2014; Lee, Hansuek/G-2007-2015 OI Lee, Hansuek/0000-0002-0748-7662 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ORCHID program; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency PULSE program; California Institute of Technology Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Kavli NanoScience Institute at the California Institute of Technology; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation as a Moore Scholar at Caltech FX This work was sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ORCHID and PULSE programs and the California Institute of Technology Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. The authors also acknowledge support from the Kavli NanoScience Institute at the California Institute of Technology. S. A. D. acknowledges the support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation as a Moore Scholar at Caltech. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 7 U2 62 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 18 PY 2014 VL 345 IS 6194 BP 309 EP 313 DI 10.1126/science.1252909 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AL8PG UT WOS:000339400700047 PM 25035489 ER PT J AU Hu, MG Bloom, RS Jin, DS Goldwin, JM AF Hu, Ming-Guang Bloom, Ruth S. Jin, Deborah S. Goldwin, Jonathan M. TI Avalanche-mechanism loss at an atom-molecule Efimov resonance SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ULTRACOLD; STATES AB The avalanche mechanism has been used to relate Efimov trimer states to certain enhanced atom loss features observed in ultracold-atom-gas experiments. These atom loss features are argued to be a signature of resonant atom-molecule scattering that occurs when an Efimov trimer is degenerate with the atom-molecule scattering threshold. However, observation of these atom loss features has yet to be combined with the direct observation of atom-molecule resonant scattering for any particular atomic species. In addition, recent Monte Carlo simulations were unable to reproduce a narrow loss feature. We experimentally search for enhanced atom loss features near an established scattering resonance between K-40 Rb-87 Feshbach molecules and Rb-87 atoms. Our measurements of both the three-body recombination rate in a gas of K-40 and Rb-87 atoms and the ratio of the number loss for the two species do not show any broad loss feature and are therefore inconsistent with theoretical predictions that use the avalanche mechanism. C1 [Hu, Ming-Guang; Bloom, Ruth S.; Jin, Deborah S.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hu, Ming-Guang; Bloom, Ruth S.; Jin, Deborah S.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hu, Ming-Guang; Bloom, Ruth S.; Jin, Deborah S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Goldwin, Jonathan M.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Midlands Ultracold Atom Res Ctr, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Hu, MG (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. OI Goldwin, Jonathan/0000-0002-0582-2519 FU NIST; NSF [1125844]; JILA Visiting Fellows program FX This work was supported by NIST and by NSF under Grant No. 1125844. J.M.G. gratefully acknowledges support from the JILA Visiting Fellows program. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 18 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 1 AR 013619 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.013619 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AL9ET UT WOS:000339443600006 ER PT J AU Ona-Ruales, JO Ruiz-Morales, Y AF Ona-Ruales, Jorge O. Ruiz-Morales, Yosadara TI The Predictive Power of the Annellation Theory: The Case of the C32H16 Benzenoid Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID Y-RULE; ABSOLUTE HARDNESS; FUEL PYROLYSIS; FORCE-FIELD; IDENTIFICATION; ASPHALTENES; ABSORPTION; ABSORBENCY; PERYLENE; PRODUCTS AB The positions of maximum absorbance for the p and beta bands of the UV-vis spectra of the benzenoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, with molecular formula C32H16 have been predicted by means of the annellation theory. In the C32H16 PAH group there are 46 isomers, 39 of which have not been synthesized so far, thus their characterization and possible presence in the environment remains unknown. The methodology has been validated using literature information for 7 isomers in this PAR group. The results have been satisfactorily substantiated by means of semi-empirical calculations using the ZINDO/S approach. It has been concluded that the annellation theory is a powerful tool for the prediction of the positions of maximum absorbance of aromatic compounds with unknown UV-vis spectra. It is the first time that the UV-vis spectral information on these 39 benzenoid C32H16 PAHs has been predicted. C1 [Ona-Ruales, Jorge O.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ruiz-Morales, Yosadara] Inst Mexicano Petr, Mexico City 07730, DF, Mexico. RP Ona-Ruales, JO (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8390, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM JORGE.ONA-RUALES@NIST.GOV RI Ona, Jorge/I-1260-2014 OI Ona, Jorge/0000-0001-6907-9632 FU CONACYT-SENER of the Instituto Mexican del Petroleo [D.01406, Y.61000, 177007] FX Y.R.-M. acknowledges the support under projects D.01406 and Y.61000 (CONACYT-SENER 177007) of the Instituto Mexican del Petroleo. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 17 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 28 BP 5212 EP 5227 DI 10.1021/jp504257k PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AL8DG UT WOS:000339367500011 PM 24949802 ER PT J AU Orkin, VL Martynova, LE Kurylo, MJ AF Orkin, Vladimir L. Martynova, Larissa E. Kurylo, Michael J. TI Photochemical Properties of trans-1-Chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (trans-CHCl=CHCF3): OH Reaction Rate Constant, UV and IR Absorption Spectra, Global Warming Potential, and Ozone Depletion Potential SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; HIGH-ACCURACY MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CL-ATOMS; HYDROXYL RADICALS; KINETICS; O-3; LIFETIMES AB Measurements of the rate constant for the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals with trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (trans-CHCl=CHCF3) were performed using a flash photolysis resonance fluorescence technique over the temperature range 220-370 K. The reaction rate constant exhibits a noticeable curvature of the temperature dependence in the Arrhenius plot, which can be represented by the following expression: k(t-CFP) (220-370 K) = 1.025 x 10(-13) x (T/298)(2.29) exp(+384/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The room-temperature rate constant was determined to be k(t-CFP) (298 K) = (3.29 +/- 0.10) x 10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), where the uncertainty includes both two standard errors (statistical) and the estimated systematic error. For atmospheric modeling purposes, the rate constant below room temperature can be represented by the following expression: k(t-CFP) (220-298 K) = (7.20 +/- 0.46) x 10(-13) exp[-(237 +/- 16)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). There was no difference observed between the rate constants determined at 4 kPa (30 Torr) and 40 kPa (300 Torr) at both 298 and 370 K. The UV and IR absorption cross sections of this compound were measured at room temperature. The atmospheric lifetime, global warming potential, and ozone depletion potential of trans-CHCl=CHCF3 were estimated. C1 [Orkin, Vladimir L.; Martynova, Larissa E.; Kurylo, Michael J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Orkin, VL (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vladimir.orkin@nist.gov FU Upper Atmosphere Research Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was performed under a cooperative research and development agreement CN-5094 with Arkema Inc. (2008) and supported by the Upper Atmosphere Research Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors thank Arkema Inc. for providing the samples. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 17 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 28 BP 5263 EP 5271 DI 10.1021/jp5018949 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AL8DG UT WOS:000339367500016 PM 24955760 ER PT J AU Pollock, FJ Lamb, JB Field, SN Heron, SF Schaffelke, B Shedrawi, G Bourne, DG Willis, BL AF Pollock, F. Joseph Lamb, Joleah B. Field, Stuart N. Heron, Scott F. Schaffelke, Britta Shedrawi, George Bourne, David G. Willis, Bette L. TI Sediment and Turbidity Associated with Offshore Dredging Increase Coral Disease Prevalence on Nearby Reefs SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; INDO-PACIFIC; BAND DISEASE; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; WATER-QUALITY; CLIMATE; ECOLOGY; RUNOFF; TERRESTRIAL AB In recent decades, coral reef ecosystems have declined to the extent that reefs are now threatened globally. While many water quality parameters have been proposed to contribute to reef declines, little evidence exists conclusively linking specific water quality parameters with increased disease prevalence in situ. Here we report evidence from in situ coral health surveys confirming that chronic exposure to dredging-associated sediment plumes significantly increase the prevalence of white syndromes, a devastating group of globally important coral diseases. Coral health surveys were conducted along a dredging-associated sediment plume gradient to assess the relationship between sedimentation, turbidity and coral health. Reefs exposed to the highest number of days under the sediment plume (296 to 347 days) had two-fold higher levels of disease, largely driven by a 2.5-fold increase in white syndromes, and a six-fold increase in other signs of compromised coral health relative to reefs with little or no plume exposure (0 to 9 days). Multivariate modeling and ordination incorporating sediment exposure level, coral community composition and cover, predation and multiple thermal stress indices provided further confirmation that sediment plume exposure level was the main driver of elevated disease and other compromised coral health indicators. This study provides the first evidence linking dredging-associated sedimentation and turbidity with elevated coral disease prevalence in situ. Our results may help to explain observed increases in global coral disease prevalence in recent decades and suggest that minimizing sedimentation and turbidity associated with coastal development will provide an important management tool for controlling coral disease epizootics. C1 [Pollock, F. Joseph; Lamb, Joleah B.; Willis, Bette L.] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Pollock, F. Joseph; Lamb, Joleah B.; Willis, Bette L.] Australian Inst Marine Sci, AIMS JCU, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Pollock, F. Joseph; Lamb, Joleah B.; Willis, Bette L.] James Cook Univ, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Pollock, F. Joseph; Schaffelke, Britta; Bourne, David G.] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Field, Stuart N.; Shedrawi, George] Marine Sci Program, Dept Pk & Wildlife, Kensington, WA, Australia. [Field, Stuart N.] Univ Western Australia, Oceans Inst, Crawley, WA, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Marine Geophys Lab, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Pollock, FJ (reprint author), James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM Frederic.Pollock1@jcu.edu.au RI Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011; OI Lamb, Joleah/0000-0002-7005-9994; Shedrawi, George/0000-0002-4507-7293 FU Australian National Network in Marine Science (ANNiMS) PhD mobility scholarship awarded; ANNiMS Industry Research grant awarded; project through DPaW's Dredging Audit and Surveillance Program as part of environmental offsets FX This work was partially funded by an Australian National Network in Marine Science (ANNiMS) PhD mobility scholarship awarded to FJP and an ANNiMS Industry Research grant awarded to JBL. The Gorgon Joint Venture (http://www.chevronaustralia.com/our-businesses/gorgon) also largely funded the project through DPaW's Dredging Audit and Surveillance Program as part of environmental offsets. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 57 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 8 U2 76 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 16 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e102498 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0102498 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AO4KM UT WOS:000341306600078 PM 25029525 ER PT J AU Spence, P Griffies, SM England, MH Hogg, AM Saenko, OA Jourdain, NC AF Spence, Paul Griffies, Stephen M. England, Matthew H. Hogg, Andrew McC Saenko, Oleg A. Jourdain, Nicolas C. TI Rapid subsurface warming and circulation changes of Antarctic coastal waters by poleward shifting winds SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CIRCUMPOLAR DEEP-WATER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ICE-SHEET; ANNULAR MODES; SLOPE FRONT; MEAN STATE; SHELF; SEA; SENSITIVITY; TRENDS AB The southern hemisphere westerly winds have been strengthening and shifting poleward since the 1950s. This wind trend is projected to persist under continued anthropogenic forcing, but the impact of the changing winds on Antarctic coastal heat distribution remains poorly understood. Here we show that a poleward wind shift at the latitudes of the Antarctic Peninsula can produce an intense warming of subsurface coastal waters that exceeds 2 degrees C at 200-700 m depth. The model simulated warming results from a rapid advective heat flux induced by weakened near-shore Ekman pumping and is associated with weakened coastal currents. This analysis shows that anthropogenically induced wind changes can dramatically increase the temperature of ocean water at ice sheet grounding lines and at the base of floating ice shelves around Antarctica, with potentially significant ramifications for global sea level rise. C1 [Spence, Paul; England, Matthew H.] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Spence, Paul; England, Matthew H.; Jourdain, Nicolas C.] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Griffies, Stephen M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hogg, Andrew McC] Australian Natl Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Hogg, Andrew McC] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Saenko, Oleg A.] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Jourdain, Nicolas C.] Univ Grenoble, CNRS, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, Grenoble, France. RP Spence, P (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. EM paul.spence@unsw.edu.au RI Hogg, Andy/A-7553-2011; Jourdain, Nicolas/B-6899-2015 OI Hogg, Andy/0000-0001-5898-7635; England, Matthew/0000-0001-9696-2930; Jourdain, Nicolas/0000-0002-1372-2235 FU Australian Research Council; Australian National Computing Infrastructure Facility FX This work was supported by the Australian Research Council and the Australian National Computing Infrastructure Facility. We sincerely thank GFDL for helping with GFDL-MOM025 developments. We thank Mike Winton, Chris Fogwill, Matthew Mazloff, Neil Swart, Bill Merryfield, Adele Morrison, Jianjun Yin, Carolina Dufour, and Ivy Frenger for helpful comments. The data for this paper are available at http://web.science.unsw.edu.au/similar to paulspence/pubs.html. NR 47 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 13 BP 4601 EP 4610 DI 10.1002/2014GL060613 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AN0SW UT WOS:000340295300026 ER PT J AU Dong, SF Baringer, MO Goni, GJ Meinen, CS Garzoli, SL AF Dong, Shenfu Baringer, Molly O. Goni, Gustavo J. Meinen, Christopher S. Garzoli, Silvia L. TI Seasonal variations in the South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation from observations and numerical models SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAT-TRANSPORT; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; VARIABILITY; CYCLE; OCEAN AB Monthly climatologies of temperature and salinity from observations and numerical models are used to estimate the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) at 34 S. Observational estimates suggest that the geostrophic transport plays an equal role to the Ekman transport in the AMOC seasonal variations at this latitude, whereas in the models, the Ekman transport controls the AMOC seasonality. The seasonality of the geostrophic transport from observations is largely controlled by the seasonal density variations at the western boundary, but in the models, the eastern boundary dominates. The observed density seasonality at the western boundary is linked to the intensity of the Malvinas Current, which is poorly reproduced in the models. The results indicate that the weak seasonal cycle in the model geostrophic transport can primarily be attributed to excessively strong baroclinicity below the surface mixed layer, whereas the observations show a strong vertical coherence in the velocity down to 1200 m. C1 [Dong, Shenfu; Garzoli, Silvia L.] Univ Miami, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Dong, Shenfu; Baringer, Molly O.; Goni, Gustavo J.; Meinen, Christopher S.; Garzoli, Silvia L.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Dong, SF (reprint author), Univ Miami, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33136 USA. EM shenfu.dong@noaa.gov RI Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012; Garzoli, Silvia/A-3556-2010; Dong, Shenfu/I-4435-2013; Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012 OI Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194; Garzoli, Silvia/0000-0003-3553-2253; Dong, Shenfu/0000-0001-8247-8072; Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170 FU Cooperative Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Studies; cooperative institute of the University of Miami; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA10OAR4320143]; NOAA [NA10OAR4310206]; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory FX The gridded T/S fields from the Argo float measurements are available at http://www.argo.ucsd.edu/Gridded_fields.html. The velocity at 1000m depth from Argo floats is obtained from http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/projects/Argo/data/trjctry/. The World Ocean Atlas 2013 is from http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/. The CCSM4 and GFDL-ESM2M model output are available at http://pcmdi9.llnl.gov/. This research was carried out in part under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Studies, a cooperative institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), cooperative agreement NA10OAR4320143. This work was supported by the NOAA grant NA10OAR4310206 and by the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 13 BP 4611 EP 4618 DI 10.1002/2014GL060428 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AN0SW UT WOS:000340295300027 ER PT J AU Weaver, SJ Kumar, A Chen, MY AF Weaver, Scott J. Kumar, Arun Chen, Mingyue TI Recent increases in extreme temperature occurrence over land SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VARIABILITY AB Recently observed global and U.S. temperature increases are probed from the perspective of several hundred climate realizations afforded by the availability of reforecast climate model runs from the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2. The large number of seasonal realizations with the observed time-varying CO2 affords a unique opportunity to explore the role of greenhouse gas changes on 3 month seasonal mean temperature increases, and specifically, whether they are the result of a shift in the mean temperature distribution or an increase in its variability. It is found that significant positive shifts in the temperature probability density function (PDF) occur primarily as the result of the time-varying CO2 included in the historical model runs, although a contribution from natural climate variability modes cannot be categorically excluded. The temperature PDF comparison further indicates that the increasing global and U. S. temperatures over the last 30 years are predominantly the result of shifts in the mean temperature distribution and not increasing temperature variability. As such, the likelihood of increases in the occurrence of warm temperature extremes will likely continue to increase worldwide, leading to significant impacts on many socioeconomic sectors such as agriculture and public health. C1 [Weaver, Scott J.; Kumar, Arun; Chen, Mingyue] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Weaver, SJ (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Scott.Weaver@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Climate Program Office's Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projection program FX We wish to thank Wanqiu Wang and Emily Becker for their comments and suggestions on an early version of this manuscript and two anonymous reviewers whose comments and suggestions greatly enhanced the quality of this paper. The CFSv2 reforecast data are freely available through the NOAA National Climatic Data Center. The authors wish to acknowledge support of NOAA's Climate Program Office's Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projection program. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 13 BP 4669 EP 4675 DI 10.1002/2014GL060300 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AN0SW UT WOS:000340295300034 ER PT J AU Emory, AE Demoz, B Vermeesch, K Hicks, M AF Emory, Amber E. Demoz, Belay Vermeesch, Kevin Hicks, Micheal TI Double bright band observations with high-resolution vertically pointing radar, lidar, and profilers SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MELTING LAYER; PRECIPITATION; CLOUDS; SYSTEM AB On 11 May 2010, an elevated temperature inversion associated with an approaching warm front produced two melting layers simultaneously, which resulted in two distinct bright bands as viewed from the ER-2 Doppler radar system, a vertically pointing, coherent X band radar located in Greenbelt, MD. Due to the high temporal resolution of this radar system, an increase in altitude of the melting layer of approximately 1.2 km in the time span of 4 min was captured. The double bright band feature remained evident for approximately 17 min, until the lower atmosphere warmed enough to dissipate the lower melting layer. This case shows the relatively rapid evolution of freezing levels in response to an advancing warm front over a 2 h time period and the descent of an elevated warm air mass with time. Although observations of double bright bands are somewhat rare, the ability to identify this phenomenon is important for rainfall estimation from spaceborne sensors because algorithms employing the restriction of a radar bright band to a constant height, especially when sampling across frontal systems, will limit the ability to accurately estimate rainfall. C1 [Emory, Amber E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Demoz, Belay] Howard Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Vermeesch, Kevin] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Hicks, Micheal] Natl Weather Serv, Sterling, VA USA. RP Emory, AE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM amber.emory@nasa.gov RI Demoz, Belay/N-4130-2014 FU NASA under the University Research Centers (URC); NOAA Center for Atmospheric Studies FX The authors would like to thank Gerald Heymsfield, Lin Tian, and Everette Joseph for fruitful and informative discussions about this case. The authors would also like to thank Kevin Witt from the Sterling, VA NWS forecast office for help with the forecast discussion and the Maryland Department of the Environment for the 915 MHz profiler data. The instruments operated at the Howard University Beltsville site are funded by NASA under the University Research Centers (URC) and NOAA Center for Atmospheric Studies. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 13 AR 2013JD020063 DI 10.1002/2013JD020063 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN2IK UT WOS:000340408000026 ER PT J AU Karpechko, AY Perlwitz, J Manzini, E AF Karpechko, Alexey Yu Perlwitz, Judith Manzini, Elisa TI A model study of tropospheric impacts of the Arctic ozone depletion 2011 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINTER; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSE; ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; DECADAL TRENDS; GREENHOUSE-GAS; ANNULAR MODES; STRATOSPHERE; VARIABILITY AB Record Arctic ozone loss in spring 2011 occurred in concert with record positive values of the tropospheric Northern Annular Mode (NAM) index raising the question about the role of stratospheric driver on this tropospheric climate event. A set of 50 years long simulations by atmospheric general circulation model European Centre/Hamburg version 5 (ECHAM5) is carried out and the responses of the model to observed anomalies in stratospheric ozone (O3) and sea surface temperatures (SST) separately and also the response to combined SST and O3 forcing (ALL) are analyzed. In all three experiments the response is characterized by a strengthening of stratospheric polar vortex in March-April. In the ALL experiment, this strengthening is followed by a significant, long-lasting shift of the tropospheric circulation toward a positive NAM phase and increased probability of occurrence of extremely positive NAM events. The combined effect of the O3 and SST forcings on the stratospheric circulation differs from the sum of the individual O3 and SST responses, most likely due to nonlinear effects, leading to a colder stratosphere in February-March. In the troposphere, the sum of the individual responses is comparable in magnitude to the ALL response, but the individual responses are delayed with respect to that in ALL. In summary, these results suggest that both ozone-induced stratospheric cooling and tropospheric forcing associated with the SST anomalies contributed to the record tropospheric climate anomalies observed in spring 2011. C1 [Karpechko, Alexey Yu] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Perlwitz, Judith] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perlwitz, Judith] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Manzini, Elisa] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. RP Karpechko, AY (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. EM alexey.karpechko@fmi.fi RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008 OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442 FU Academy of Finland [259537, 140408]; NASA [NNX13AM24G] FX We thank Lorenzo Polvani and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments. We also thank Lorenzo Polvani for sharing their results before publication. MERRA data used in this study have been provided by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center through the NASA GES DISC online archive. UK MetOffice is acknowledged for providing HadISSC data via their website www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs. We thank the MLS teams for providing the data used for the comparison with MERRA ozone. ECMWF is acknowledged for providing ERA-Interim data. A.Y.K. is funded by the Academy of Finland through grants 259537 and 140408. J.P.'s contribution is supported by NASA under grant NNX13AM24G. NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 13 AR 2013JD021350 DI 10.1002/2013JD021350 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN2IK UT WOS:000340408000014 ER PT J AU Kawai, Y Tomita, H Cronin, MF Bond, NA AF Kawai, Yoshimi Tomita, Hiroyuki Cronin, Meghan F. Bond, Nicholas A. TI Atmospheric pressure response to mesoscale sea surface temperature variations in the Kuroshio Extension region: In situ evidence SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GULF-STREAM; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; OCEANIC FRONT; NORTH WALL; PACIFIC; TROPOSPHERE; GRADIENTS; BREEZE; WINDS AB Several research cruises were conducted across the Kuroshio Extension front to examine the low-level atmospheric responses to mesoscale variations in sea surface temperature (SST). Surface meteorological observations, including sea level pressure (SLP) and SST, were collected at two moored buoys that were located on either side of the Kuroshio Extension, and from a research vessel, as it moved between the two buoys during the various cruises. Spatial perturbations in SLP along the ship transects, calculated by subtracting moored-buoy SLP from that of the moving ship, tend to be positive (negative) where SST is lower (higher) on spatial scales of about 100 km, and the magnitude of these SLP perturbations near the SST front can exceed 1.0 hPa. Radiosonde data also show that the atmospheric boundary layer thins (thickens) over lower (higher) SST. Although the contribution of across-track component in the wind cannot be calculated, the along-track component of divergence suggests low-level convergence over higher SST. The thermally induced pressure gradient is important in the momentum budget, suggesting that sea breeze-like local circulations formed over the SST fronts. Indeed, the pressure adjustment mechanism can sometimes dominate even on a scale of 100 km, although it is not always observed. The time scale in which the boundary layer thickness adjusted to SST is estimated to be 1 day or less. C1 [Kawai, Yoshimi] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res & Dev Ctr Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Tomita, Hiroyuki] Nagoya Univ, Hydrospher Atmospher Res Ctr, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bond, Nicholas A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kawai, Y (reprint author), Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res & Dev Ctr Global Change, 2-15 Natsushimacho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. EM ykawai@jamstec.go.jp FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan [22106007]; NASA Earth Science MEaSUREs DISCOVER Project; AMSR-E Science Team FX This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (22106007). The authors would like to sincerely thank the captains and crews of R/V Mirai and R/V Kaiyo, K. Ando and Y. Kashino of JAMSTEC, K. Ronnholm, R. Kamphaus, and M. Strick of NOAA for their help in the observations. The AMSR-E data are produced by Remote Sensing Systems and sponsored by the NASA Earth Science MEaSUREs DISCOVER Project and the AMSR-E Science Team. Data are available at www.remss.com. Weather charts were provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency. The CCMP data are released from the Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC). The authors are also extremely grateful to H. Nakamura, M. Nonaka, B. Taguchi, and M. Konda for valuable discussions, and editors and anonymous reviewers for improving this paper. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 13 AR 2013JD021126 DI 10.1002/2013JD021126 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN2IK UT WOS:000340408000015 ER PT J AU Miller, SD Noh, YJ Heidinger, AK AF Miller, Steven D. Noh, Yoo-Jeong Heidinger, Andrew K. TI Liquid-top mixed-phase cloud detection from shortwave-infrared satellite radiometer observations: A physical basis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PASSIVE MICROWAVE SENSORS; DROPLET EFFECTIVE RADIUS; ICE WATER-CONTENT; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; ARCTIC CLOUD; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; PART II; MODEL; ALTOCUMULUS AB Meteorological clouds often exist in the liquid phase at temperatures below 0 degrees C. Traditionally, satellite-derived information on cloud phase comes from narrow bands in the shortwave and thermal infrared, with sensitivity biased strongly toward cloud top. In situ observations suggest an abundance of clouds having supercooled liquid water at their tops but a predominantly ice phase residing below. Satellites may report these clouds simply as supercooled liquid, with no further information regarding the presence of a subcloud top ice phase. Here we describe a physical basis for the detection of liquid-top mixed-phase clouds from passive satellite radiometer observations. The algorithm makes use of reflected sunlight in narrow bands at 1.6 and 2.25 mu m to optically probe below liquid-topped clouds and determine phase. Detection is predicated on differential absorption properties between liquid and ice particles, accounting for varying Sun/sensor geometry and cloud optical properties. When tested on numerical weather prediction model simulated cloud fields, the algorithm provided threat scores in the 0.6-0.8 range and false alarm rates in the 0.1-0.2 range. A case study based on surface and satellite observations of liquid-top mixed-phase clouds in northern Alaska was also examined. Preliminary results indicate promising potential for distinction between supercooled liquid-top phase clouds with and without an underlying mixed-phase component. C1 [Miller, Steven D.; Noh, Yoo-Jeong] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Heidinger, Andrew K.] Univ Wisconsin, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res,Adv Satellite Prod B, Madison, WI USA. RP Miller, SD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Steven.Miller@ColoState.EDU RI Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X FU Naval Research Laboratory [N00173-10-C-2003, N00173-14-1-G902]; Oceanographer of the Navy through the Program Executive Office [C4I/PMW-120, PE-0603207 N]; DoD Center for Geosciences/Atmospheric Research at Colorado State University [W911NF-06-2-0015]; Army Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory through contracts N00173-10-C-2003 and N00173-14-1-G902, the Oceanographer of the Navy through the Program Executive Office C4I/PMW-120 under program element PE-0603207 N, and the DoD Center for Geosciences/Atmospheric Research at Colorado State University under Cooperative Agreement W911NF-06-2-0015 with the Army Research Laboratory. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 86 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 13 AR 2013JD021262 DI 10.1002/2013JD021262 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN2IK UT WOS:000340408000029 ER PT J AU Ming, J Zhang, JA Rogers, RF Marks, FD Wang, Y Cai, NH AF Ming, Jie Zhang, Jun A. Rogers, Robert F. Marks, Frank D. Wang, Yuan Cai, Ninghao TI Multiplatform observations of boundary layer structure in the outer rainbands of landfalling typhoons SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS; INTENSITY FORECASTING EXPERIMENT; TROPICAL STORM GABRIELLE; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; PART I; TURBULENT FLUXES; DOPPLER PROFILER; NUMERICAL-MODEL; ROLL VORTICES; LENGTH SCALES AB This paper analyzes data collected from a new set of observational platforms in the coastal area of China, which consist of a mobile observation system, meteorological tower, automatic weather station, and Doppler radars, to investigate the mean and turbulent boundary layer structure and evolution during the landfall of typhoons. An example of these data is provided from Typhoon Morakot (2009). Vertical profiles of wind velocities and thermodynamic parameters from the observed data allow us to identify different boundary layer structures during and after landfall. These structures, sampled in regions of the outer core, are stratified into periods where convection is occurring (termed "convective") and periods where convection has recently (<2 h) occurred (termed "postconvective"). Data analyses show that the thermodynamic mixed-layer depth and inflow layer depth are higher during the convective period than the postconvective period. The mixed-layer depth is found to be within the strong inflow layer, but the height of the maximum tangential wind speed is above the inflow layer during both periods, contrary to recent observational studies of the boundary-layer structure of tropical cyclones over water. High-frequency wind data show that momentum flux, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and integral length scales of wind velocities are all much larger during the convective period than the postconvective period. The results suggest that convective downdrafts may play an important role in modulating turbulent flux, TKE, vertical mixing, and boundary layer recovery processes. C1 [Ming, Jie; Wang, Yuan; Cai, Ninghao] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Mesoscale Severe Weather, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Jun A.; Rogers, Robert F.; Marks, Frank D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Ming, J (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Mesoscale Severe Weather, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM jming@nju.edu.cn RI Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012; Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Rogers, Robert/I-4428-2013 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; FU National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China [2009CB421502, 2013CB430100]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41105035, 41105036, 40975011]; Chinese Special Scientific Research Project for Public Interest [GYHY201006007, GYHY201206005]; National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (973 program) [2009CB421500]; NOAA's Hurricane Forecast and Improvement Project (HFIP) FX This work was supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (2009CB421502 and 2013CB430100), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 41105035, 41105036, and 40975011), and Chinese Special Scientific Research Project for Public Interest (GYHY201006007 and GYHY201206005). The authors are grateful to Xiaoqin Lu of Shanghai Typhoon Institute for providing the observed data. The observed data were collected by an experiment supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (973 program: 2009CB421500). Because of the data policy of 973 program, the data cannot be released until 2018. Before that one with special interest in the data used in this study can request by contacting the office of this 973 program through email: sunj@mail.typhoon.gov.cn. Jun Zhang, Robert Rogers, and Frank Marks were supported by NOAA's Hurricane Forecast and Improvement Project (HFIP). We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments which helped improve our paper. NR 78 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 13 AR 2014JD021637 DI 10.1002/2014JD021637 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN2IK UT WOS:000340408000002 ER PT J AU Zhang, XL Massoli, P Quinn, PK Bates, TS Cappa, CD AF Zhang, Xiaolu Massoli, Paola Quinn, Patricia K. Bates, Timothy S. Cappa, Christopher D. TI Hygroscopic growth of submicron and supermicron aerosols in the marine boundary layer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ORGANIC AEROSOL; SCATTERING COEFFICIENT; SPECIES CONTRIBUTIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETER; SEA-SALT; DASH-SP; SIZE AB We investigate hygroscopic growth of marine aerosols from three research cruises: Texas Air Quality Study-Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (TexAQS-GoMACCS) 2006, International Chemistry Experiment in the Arctic Lower Troposphere (ICEALOT) 2008, and California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) 2010. Particle hygroscopic growth was characterized by measuring the effect of water uptake under subsaturated conditions on the aerosol light extinction at 532 nm. Mie theory calculations were utilized to convert the observed optical growth factors (f(ext)(RH)) into physical growth factors (GF) at 85% RH. GF is found to be a more robust measure of aerosol hygroscopic growth than f(ext)(RH), which can be biased by changes in aerosol dry size. Consistent with previous observations, the overall GF(85%) for submicron aerosol depended on the fraction of organics. The submicron GF(OM)(85%) specifically was found to range from 1.0 to 1.3 for all three campaigns. A robust positive linear dependence of the overall supermicron GF(85%) on the mass fraction of sea salt was observed. During TexAQS, two types of dust particles with distinct hygroscopic properties were identified in the supermicron mode; one that originated from the Sahara desert was moderately hygroscopic (GF(dust)(85%) = similar to 1.4) and the other from continental sources was nearly hydrophobic. The GF(85%) of supermicron organics was estimated through hygroscopicity closure calculations. Supermicron organics that originated from marine sources were found to be substantially more hygroscopic than those from continental sources, with the latter having a GF(85%) similar to that of the submicron organics. This study demonstrates the potential of using aerosol optical measurements to retrieve hygroscopic growth factor and underlines the importance and need for future investigations on the hygroscopic properties of marine supermicron aerosols. C1 [Zhang, Xiaolu; Cappa, Christopher D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Massoli, Paola] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA USA. [Quinn, Patricia K.; Bates, Timothy S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. RP Cappa, CD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cdcappa@ucdavis.edu RI Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 FU NOAA Climate Program Office [NA09OAR4310124]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [RD834558]; NOAA; California Air Resources Board (CalNex); Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS) FX This analysis was supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office (NA09OAR4310124) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under a STAR research assistance agreement (RD834558). This work has not been formally reviewed by any of the funding agencies. The views expressed in this document are solely those of the authors, and the funding agencies do not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. The three cruises were primarily supported by NOAA with additional support from the California Air Resources Board (CalNex) and the Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS). The authors would like to acknowledge Derek Coffman and Kristen Schulz at NOAA PMEL for the collection of the size distribution and impactor data, respectively. We also thank the crews of NOAA R/V Ronald H. Brown, WHOI R/V Knorr, and the WHOI R/V Atlantis who made this study possible. NR 59 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 53 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 13 AR 2013JD021213 DI 10.1002/2013JD021213 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN2IK UT WOS:000340408000036 ER PT J AU Liao, JQ Jacobs, K Nori, F Simmonds, RW AF Liao, Jie-Qiao Jacobs, Kurt Nori, Franco Simmonds, Raymond W. TI Modulated electromechanics: large enhancements of nonlinearities SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE electromechanics; modulation enhancement; optical nonlinearity ID NANOMECHANICAL MOTION; MECHANICAL OSCILLATOR; MOVING MIRROR; QUANTUM; SYSTEMS; CAVITY; STATES; REGIME AB It is well-known that the nonlinear coupling between a mechanical oscillator and a superconducting resonator or optical cavity can be used to generate a Kerr-nonlinearity for the cavity mode. We show that the strength of this Kerr-nonlinearity, as well as the effect of the photon-pressure force can be enormously increased by modulating the strength of the nonlinear coupling. We describe an electromechanical circuit where this enhancement could be readily realized. C1 [Liao, Jie-Qiao; Jacobs, Kurt; Nori, Franco] RIKEN, CEMS, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Jacobs, Kurt] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Nori, Franco] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Simmonds, Raymond W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Liao, JQ (reprint author), RIKEN, CEMS, Saitama 3510198, Japan. EM kurt.jacobs@umb.edu RI Liao, Jie-Qiao/A-1509-2011; Nori, Franco/B-1222-2009 OI Liao, Jie-Qiao/0000-0002-3232-0098; Nori, Franco/0000-0003-3682-7432 FU Foreign Postdoctoral Fellowship of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [P12503]; NSF [PHY-1005571, PHY-1212413]; ARO MURI [W911NF-11-1-0268]; RIKEN iTHES Project, MURI Center for Dynamic Magneto-Optics FX We acknowledge helpful comments from John Teufel and Florent Lecocq. J-QL is supported by a Foreign Postdoctoral Fellowship (no. P12503) of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). KJ is partially supported by the NSF projects PHY-1005571 and PHY-1212413, and the ARO MURI grant W911NF-11-1-0268. FN is partially supported by the RIKEN iTHES Project, MURI Center for Dynamic Magneto-Optics, and a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S). NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JUL 16 PY 2014 VL 16 AR 072001 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/16/7/072001 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AL6KB UT WOS:000339240100001 ER PT J AU Maghrebi, MF Jaffe, RL Kardar, M AF Maghrebi, Mohammad F. Jaffe, Robert L. Kardar, Mehran TI Nonequilibrium quantum fluctuations of a dispersive medium: Spontaneous emission, photon statistics, entropy generation, and stochastic motion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELD; MOVING MIRROR; VIBRATING CAVITY; RADIATION; VACUUM; FRICTION; BODY; TIME; ELECTRODYNAMICS; QUANTIZATION AB We study the implications of quantum fluctuations of a dispersive medium, under steady rotation, either in or out of thermal equilibrium with its environment. A rotating object exhibits a quantum instability by dissipating its mechanical motion via spontaneous emission of photons, as well as internal heat generation. Universal relations are derived for the radiated energy and angular momentum as trace formulas involving the object's scattering matrix. We also compute the quantum noise by deriving the full statistics of the radiated photons out of thermal and/or dynamic equilibrium. The (entanglement) entropy generation is quantified and the total entropy is shown to be always increasing. Furthermore, we derive a Fokker-Planck equation governing the stochastic angular motion resulting from the fluctuating backreaction frictional torque. As a result, we find a quantum limit on the uncertainty of the object's angular velocity in steady rotation. Finally, we show in some detail that a rotating object drags nearby objects, making them spin parallel to its axis of rotation. A scalar toy model is introduced to simplify the technicalities and ease the conceptual complexities and then a detailed discussion of quantum electrodynamics is presented. C1 [Maghrebi, Mohammad F.; Jaffe, Robert L.] MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Maghrebi, Mohammad F.; Kardar, Mehran] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Maghrebi, MF (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. OI /0000-0002-0262-3645 FU US Department of Energy [DF-FC02-94ER40818]; NSF [DMR-12-06323] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under cooperative research agreement No. DF-FC02-94ER40818 (M.F.M. and R.L.J.) and NSF Grant No. DMR-12-06323 (M. K.). NR 68 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 16 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 1 AR 012515 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.012515 PG 22 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AL4HI UT WOS:000339093200004 ER PT J AU Gong, ZX Foss-Feig, M Michalakis, S Gorshkov, AV AF Gong, Zhe-Xuan Foss-Feig, Michael Michalakis, Spyridon Gorshkov, Alexey V. TI Persistence of Locality in Systems with Power-Law Interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIEB-ROBINSON BOUNDS; QUANTUM SIMULATOR; DYNAMICS; DIAMOND; ENTANGLEMENT; FRUSTRATION; EMERGENCE; THEOREM; SPINS AB Motivated by recent experiments with ultracold matter, we derive a new bound on the propagation of information in D-dimensional lattice models exhibiting 1/r(alpha) interactions with alpha > D. The bound contains two terms: One accounts for the short-ranged part of the interactions, giving rise to a bounded velocity and reflecting the persistence of locality out to intermediate distances, whereas the other contributes a power-law decay at longer distances. We demonstrate that these two contributions not only bound but, except at long times, qualitatively reproduce the short- and long-distance dynamical behavior following a local quench in an XY chain and a transverse-field Ising chain. In addition to describing dynamics in numerous intractable long-range interacting lattice models, our results can be experimentally verified in a variety of ultracold-atomic and solid-state systems. C1 [Gong, Zhe-Xuan; Foss-Feig, Michael; Gorshkov, Alexey V.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Michalakis, Spyridon] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat & Matter, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Gong, ZX (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008; Gong, Zhexuan/G-4348-2016 OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421; FU JQI; NSF PFC at JQI; NRC; Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [GBMF1250] FX Z. -X.G. and M. F.-F. contributed equally to this work. We thank J. Preskill for asking whether the bound derived in Ref. [8] reduces to the nearest-neighbor case as alpha -> infinity, and M. Kastner for pointing out that, if one optimizes with respect to mu at ever r and t in Eq. (2), the hybrid exponential-algebraic behavior shown in Fig. 4 becomes evident only at larger values of alpha. We thank A. M. Rey, K. Hazzard, C. Monroe, L.-M. Duan, C. Senko, P. Richerme, M. Maghrebi, A. Daley, J. Schachenmayer, A. Lee, J. Smith, and S. Manmana for discussions. This work was supported by the JQI and the NSF PFC at JQI. M. F.-F. thanks the NRC for support. S. M. acknowledges funding provided by the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through Grant No. GBMF1250. NR 41 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 3 AR 030602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.030602 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AL4IO UT WOS:000339096600003 PM 25083624 ER PT J AU Liu, YY Petersson, KD Stehlik, J Taylor, JM Petta, JR AF Liu, Y. -Y. Petersson, K. D. Stehlik, J. Taylor, J. M. Petta, J. R. TI Photon Emission from a Cavity-Coupled Double Quantum Dot SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CIRCUIT; QUBIT; ELECTRODYNAMICS AB We study a voltage biased InAs double quantum dot (DQD) that is coupled to a superconducting transmission line resonator. Inelastic tunneling in the DQD is mediated by electron phonon coupling and coupling to the cavity mode. We show that electronic transport through the DQD leads to photon emission from the cavity at a rate of 10 MHz. With a small cavity drive field, we observe a gain of up to 15 in the cavity transmission. Our results are analyzed in the context of existing theoretical models and suggest that it may be necessary to account for inelastic tunneling processes that proceed via simultaneous emission of a phonon and a photon. C1 [Liu, Y. -Y.; Petersson, K. D.; Stehlik, J.; Petta, J. R.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Taylor, J. M.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Liu, YY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; Petersson, Karl/P-7209-2014; Petta, Jason/J-6663-2013 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; Petersson, Karl/0000-0002-1012-7895; Petta, Jason/0000-0002-6416-0789 FU Sloan and Packard Foundations, Army Research Office [W911NF-08-1-0189]; DARPA QuEST [HR0011-09-1-0007]; NSF [DMR-0819860, DMR-0846341]; United States Department of Defense FX Research at Princeton was supported by the Sloan and Packard Foundations, Army Research Office Grant No. W911NF-08-1-0189, DARPA QuEST Grant No. HR0011-09-1-0007, and the NSF through DMR-0819860 and DMR-0846341. The research was partially sponsored by the United States Department of Defense. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressly or implied, of the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 3 AR 036801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.036801 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AL4IO UT WOS:000339096600019 PM 25083659 ER PT J AU Safronova, MS Dzuba, VA Flambaum, VV Safronova, UI Porsev, SG Kozlov, MG AF Safronova, M. S. Dzuba, V. A. Flambaum, V. V. Safronova, U. I. Porsev, S. G. Kozlov, M. G. TI Highly Charged Ions for Atomic Clocks, Quantum Information, and Search for alpha variation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS AB We propose 10 highly charged ions as candidates for the development of next generation atomic clocks, quantum information, and search for alpha variation. They have long-lived metastable states with transition wavelengths to the ground state between 170-3000 nm, relatively simple electronic structure, stable isotopes, and high sensitivity to alpha variation (e.g., Sm14+, Pr10+, Sm13+, Nd10+). We predict their properties crucial for the experimental exploration and highlight particularly attractive systems for these applications. C1 [Safronova, M. S.; Porsev, S. G.] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20899 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20899 USA. [Dzuba, V. A.; Flambaum, V. V.] Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Safronova, U. I.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Safronova, U. I.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Porsev, S. G.; Kozlov, M. G.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. [Kozlov, M. G.] St Petersburg Electrotech Univ LETI, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. RP Safronova, MS (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Kozlov, Mikhail/D-8963-2011 OI Kozlov, Mikhail/0000-0002-7751-6553 FU U.S. NSF [PHY-1212442]; RFBR [14-02-00241]; Gordon Godfrey Fellowship program, UNSW; Australian Research Council FX We thank C. W. Clark, C. Monroe, J. Tan, Yu. Ralchenko, and P. Beiersdorfer for useful discussions. This work was supported in part by U.S. NSF Grant No. PHY-1212442. M. G. K. acknowledges support from RFBR Grant No. 14-02-00241. M. S. S. thanks the School of Physics at UNSW, Sydney, Australia for hospitality and acknowledges support from the Gordon Godfrey Fellowship program, UNSW. The work is partly supported by the Australian Research Council. NR 38 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 3 AR 030801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.030801 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AL4IO UT WOS:000339096600005 PM 25083627 ER PT J AU Herr, HD Krzysztofowicz, R AF Herr, Henry D. Krzysztofowicz, Roman TI Addendum to Bayesian ensemble forecast of river stages and ensemble size requirements SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Forecasting; Stochastic processes; Probability; Ensemble; Estimation errors; Rivers AB Ensemble size requirements were analyzed using Bayesian ensemble forecasts (Herr and Krzysztofowicz, 2010). These forecasts were generated using output from an analytic-numerical Bayesian forecasting system (BFS) within a Monte-Carlo algorithm. Empirical distributions were estimated from the ensemble forecasts and compared with the analytic distributions output by the BFS. Using the maximum absolute difference as a measure of the quality of fit, it was shown that a single graph described the relationship between the ensemble size and the expected maximum absolute difference. Within the scope of the experiments, the graph was insensitive to forecast point, precipitation event (rain or no rain), and lead time. However, the graph only applied to probabilistic river stage forecast and probabilistic flood forecast, but not to probabilistic stage transition forecast, which is specified by a family of conditional predictive one-step transition distributions. Herein, further mathematical analysis of the estimation algorithm shows that, with a small modification, the single graph can be applied to all three types of forecasts. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Herr, Henry D.] Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Krzysztofowicz, Roman] Univ Virginia, Dept Syst Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Krzysztofowicz, Roman] Univ Virginia, Dept Stat, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Herr, HD (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Bldg SSMC II,1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM hank.herr@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [ATM - 0641572] FX Work of H.D. Herr was supported by the National Weather Service Office of Hydrologic Development in the form of work time and computing resources. Work of R. Krzysztofowicz was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. ATM - 0641572, "New Statistical Techniques for Probabilistic Weather Forecasting". NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL 16 PY 2014 VL 515 BP 304 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.04.065 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AK7JZ UT WOS:000338605900027 ER PT J AU Kemiktarak, U Durand, M Metcalfe, M Lawall, J AF Kemiktarak, Utku Durand, Mathieu Metcalfe, Michael Lawall, John TI Mode Competition and Anomalous Cooling in a Multimode Phonon Laser SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COHERENT PHONONS; RUBY AB We study mode competition in a multimode "phonon laser" comprised of an optical cavity employing a highly reflective membrane as the output coupler. Mechanical gain is provided by the intracavity radiation pressure, to which many mechanical modes are coupled. We calculate the gain and find that strong oscillation in one mode suppresses the gain in other modes. For sufficiently strong oscillation, the gain of the other modes actually switches sign and becomes damping, a process we call "anomalous cooling." We demonstrate that mode competition leads to single-mode operation and find excellent agreement with our theory, including anomalous cooling. C1 [Kemiktarak, Utku; Metcalfe, Michael] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kemiktarak, Utku; Durand, Mathieu; Metcalfe, Michael; Lawall, John] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kemiktarak, U (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU National Science Foundation through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute FX We acknowledge useful discussions with Jake Taylor and support from the National Science Foundation through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. Research was performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 3 AR 030802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.030802 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AO3TZ UT WOS:000341260100002 PM 25083628 ER PT J AU Srivastava, PK Han, DW Rico-Ramirez, MA Islam, T AF Srivastava, Prashant K. Han, Dawei Rico-Ramirez, Miguel A. Islam, Tanvir TI Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of mesoscale model downscaled hydro-meteorological variables for discharge prediction SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; precipitation; WRF-NOAH LSM; global datasets; sensitivity analysis; uncertainty estimation; discharge prediction ID WRF MODEL; FORECASTING APPLICATIONS; HYDROLOGICAL MODELS; GLUE METHODOLOGY; WEATHER RESEARCH; WATER-BALANCE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; RUNOFF; CALIBRATION; CONVECTION AB Precipitation and Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo) are the most important variables for rainfall-runoff modelling. However, it is not always possible to get access to them from ground-based measurements, particularly in ungauged catchments. This study explores the performance of rainfall and ETo data from the global European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA interim reanalysis data for the discharge prediction. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model coupled with the NOAH Land Surface Model is used for the retrieval of hydro-meteorological variables by downscaling ECMWF datasets. The conceptual Probability Distribution Model (PDM) is chosen for this study for the discharge prediction. The input data and model parameter sensitivity analysis and uncertainty estimations are taken into account for the PDM calibration and prediction in the case study catchment in England following the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation approach. The goodness of calibration and prediction uncertainty is judged on the basis of the p-factor (observations bracketed by the prediction uncertainty) and the r-factor (achievement of small uncertainty band). The overall analysis suggests that the uncertainty estimates using WRF downscaled ETo have slightly smaller p and r values (p= 0.65; r= 0.58) as compared to ground-based observation datasets (p= 0.71; r= 0.65) during the validation and hence promising for discharge prediction. On the contrary, WRF precipitation has the worst performance, and further research is needed for its improvement (p= 0.04; r= 0.10). Copyright (C) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Srivastava, Prashant K.; Han, Dawei; Rico-Ramirez, Miguel A.; Islam, Tanvir] Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, Water & Environm Management Res Ctr, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England. [Islam, Tanvir] NOAA, College Pk, MD USA. RP Srivastava, PK (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, Water & Environm Management Res Ctr, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England. EM cepks@bristol.ac.uk RI Rico-Ramirez, Miguel/H-3248-2014; Islam, Tanvir/F-6922-2011; Barley, Kamal/F-9579-2011; OI Rico-Ramirez, Miguel/0000-0002-8885-4582; Barley, Kamal/0000-0003-1874-9813; Islam, Tanvir/0000-0003-2429-3074 FU Commonwealth Scholarship Commission; British Council, United Kingdom; Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India FX The authors would like to thank the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission, British Council, United Kingdom and Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India for providing the necessary support and funding for this research. The authors would like to acknowledge the British Atmospheric Data Centre, United Kingdom for providing the ground datasets. The author also acknowledges the Advanced Computing Research Centre at University of Bristol for providing the access to supercomputer facility (The Blue Crystal) for R language support and recent PUBS symposium for some useful information on uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. Authors would like to thank hydro-community Department of Geography and Civil Engineering, University of Bristol for their useful and constructing comments over the work. NR 77 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 15 BP 4419 EP 4432 DI 10.1002/hyp.9946 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AM2YL UT WOS:000339717500003 ER PT J AU Schwietzke, S Griffin, WM Matthews, HS Bruhwiler, LMP AF Schwietzke, Stefan Griffin, W. Michael Matthews, H. Scott Bruhwiler, Lori M. P. TI Natural Gas Fugitive Emissions Rates Constrained by Global Atmospheric Methane and Ethane SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SHALE GAS; MODEL; CYCLE; BUDGET; COAL; VARIABILITY; FOOTPRINT; CHEMISTRY; HYDROXYL AB The amount of methane emissions released by the natural gas (NG) industry is a critical and uncertain value for various industry and policy decisions, such as for determining the climate implications of using NG over coal. Previous studies have estimated fugitive emissions rates (FER) the fraction of produced NG (mainly methane and ethane) escaped to the atmosphere between 1 and 9%. Most of these studies rely on few and outdated measurements, and some may represent only temporal/regional NG industry snapshots. This study estimates NG industry representative PER using global atmospheric methane and ethane measurements over three decades, and literature ranges of (i) tracer gas atmospheric lifetimes, (ii) non-NG source estimates, and (iii) fossil fuel fugitive gas hydrocarbon compositions. The modeling suggests an upper bound global average FER of 5% during 2006-2011, and a most likely FER of 2-4% since 2000, trending downward. These results do not account for highly uncertain natural hydrocarbon seepage, which could lower the FER. Further emissions reductions by the NG industry may be needed to ensure climate benefits over coal during the next few decades. C1 [Schwietzke, Stefan; Griffin, W. Michael; Matthews, H. Scott] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Engn & Publ Policy, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Griffin, W. Michael] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Tepper Sch Business, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Matthews, H. Scott] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Schwietzke, Stefan; Bruhwiler, Lori M. P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Schwietzke, S (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway GMD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM stefan.schwietzke@noaa.gov RI Griffin, William/M-2943-2014; OI Griffin, William/0000-0002-1709-4280; SCHWIETZKE, STEFAN/0000-0002-1836-8968 FU ERM Foundation-North America Sustainability Fellowship; Climate and Energy Decision Making (CEDM) center FX We thank Ed J. Dlugokencky and John B. Miller for valuable comments and discussions. The long-term ethane data are from the UC Irvine global monitoring network (http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/otheratg/blake/blake.html). This research was made possible through support from the Climate and Energy Decision Making (CEDM) center. This Center has been created through a cooperative agreement between the National Science Foundation (SES-0949710) and Carnegie Mellon University. The ERM Foundation-North America Sustainability Fellowship has provided additional funding. NR 72 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 14 BP 7714 EP 7722 DI 10.1021/es501204c PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6FH UT WOS:000339227500007 PM 24945600 ER PT J AU Keller, JM Balazs, GH Nilsen, F Rice, M Work, TM Jensen, BA AF Keller, Jennifer M. Balazs, George H. Nilsen, Frances Rice, Marc Work, Thierry M. Jensen, Brenda A. TI Investigating the Potential Role of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Hawaiian Green Sea Turtle Fibropapillomatosis SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN BLOOD-PLASMA; CHELONIA-MYDAS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; FLAME RETARDANTS; CARETTA-CARETTA; PCB METABOLITES; SPATIAL TRENDS; UNITED-STATES; WHOLE-BLOOD; ISLANDS AB It has been hypothesized for decades that environmental pollutants may contribute to green sea turtle fibropapillomatosis (FP), possibly through immunosuppression leading to greater susceptibility to the herpesvirus, the putative causative agent of this tumor-forming disease. To address this question, we measured concentrations of 164 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and halogenated phenols in 53 Hawaiian green turtle (Chelonia mydas) plasma samples archived by the Biological and Environmental Monitoring and Archival of Sea Turtle Tissues (BEMAST) project at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Marine Environmental Specimen Bank. Four groups of turtles were examined: free-ranging turtles from Kiholo Bay (0% FP, Hawaii), Kailua Bay (low FP, 8%, Oahu), and Kapoho Bay (moderate FP, 38%, Hawaii) and severely tumored stranded turtles that required euthanasia (high FP, 100%, Main Hawaiian Islands). Four classes of POPs and seven halogenated phenols were detected in at least one of the turtles, and concentrations were low (often <200 pg/g wet mass). The presence of halogenated phenols in sea turtles is a novel discovery; their concentrations were higher than most man-made POPs, suggesting that the source of most of these compounds was likely natural (produced by the algal turtle diet) rather than metabolites of man-made POPs. None of the compounds measured increased in concentration with increasing prevalence of FP across the four groups of turtles, suggesting that these 164 compounds are not likely primary triggers for the onset of FP. However, the stranded, severely tumored, emaciated turtle group (n = 14) had the highest concentrations of POPs, which might suggest that mobilization of contaminants with lipids into the blood during late-stage weight loss could contribute to the progression of the disease. Taken together, these data suggest that POPs are not a major cofactor in causing the onset of FP. C1 [Keller, Jennifer M.; Nilsen, Frances] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Balazs, George H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Nilsen, Frances; Jensen, Brenda A.] Hawaii Pacific Univ, Coll Nat & Computat Sci, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Rice, Marc] Hawaii Preparatory Acad, Sea Turtle Res Program, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Keller, JM (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM jennifer.keller@noaa.gov RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 NR 61 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 60 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 14 BP 7807 EP 7816 DI 10.1021/es5014054 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6FH UT WOS:000339227500018 PM 24963745 ER PT J AU Yacovitch, TI Herndon, SC Roscioli, JR Floerchinger, C McGovern, RM Agnese, M Petron, G Kofler, J Sweeney, C Karion, A Conley, SA Kort, EA Nahle, L Fischer, M Hildebrandt, L Koeth, J McManus, JB Nelson, DD Zahniser, MS Kolb, CE AF Yacovitch, Tara I. Herndon, Scott C. Roscioli, Joseph R. Floerchinger, Cody McGovern, Ryan M. Agnese, Michael Petron, Gabrielle Kofler, Jonathan Sweeney, Colm Karion, Anna Conley, Stephen A. Kort, Eric A. Naehle, Lars Fischer, Marc Hildebrandt, Lars Koeth, Johannes McManus, J. Barry Nelson, David D. Zahniser, Mark S. Kolb, Charles E. TI Demonstration of an Ethane Spectrometer for Methane Source Identification SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TRACE-GAS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; EMISSIONS; DISTRIBUTIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; SYSTEMS; URBAN AB Methane is an important greenhouse gas and tropospheric ozone precursor. Simultaneous observation of ethane with methane can help identify specific methane source types. Aerodyne Ethane-Mini spectrometers, employing recently available mid-infrared distributed feedback tunable diode lasers (DFB-TDL), provide 1 s ethane measurements with sub-ppb precision. In this work, an Ethane-Mini spectrometer has been integrated into two mobile sampling platforms, a ground vehicle and a small airplane, and used to measure ethane/methane enhancement ratios downwind of methane sources. Methane emissions with precisely known sources are shown to have ethane/methane enhancement ratios that differ greatly depending on the source type. Large differences between biogenic and thermogenic sources are observed. Variation within thermogenic sources are detected and tabulated. Methane emitters are classified by their expected ethane content. Categories include the following: biogenic (<0.2%), dry gas (1-6%), wet gas (>6%), pipeline grade natural gas (<15%), and processed natural gas liquids (>30%). Regional scale observations in the Dallas/Fort Worth area of Texas show two distinct ethane/methane enhancement ratios bridged by a transitional region. These results demonstrate the usefulness of continuous and fast ethane measurements in experimental studies of methane emissions, particularly in the oil and natural gas sector. C1 [Yacovitch, Tara I.; Herndon, Scott C.; Roscioli, Joseph R.; Floerchinger, Cody; McGovern, Ryan M.; Agnese, Michael; McManus, J. Barry; Nelson, David D.; Zahniser, Mark S.; Kolb, Charles E.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Petron, Gabrielle; Kofler, Jonathan; Sweeney, Colm; Karion, Anna] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Petron, Gabrielle; Kofler, Jonathan; Sweeney, Colm; Karion, Anna] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Conley, Stephen A.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kort, Eric A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Naehle, Lars; Fischer, Marc; Hildebrandt, Lars; Koeth, Johannes] Nanoplus Nanosyst & Technol GmbH, D-97218 Gerbrunn, Germany. RP Herndon, SC (reprint author), Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. EM herndon@aerodyne.com RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012 OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541 NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 14 BP 8028 EP 8034 DI 10.1021/es501475q PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6FH UT WOS:000339227500044 PM 24945706 ER PT J AU Vergara, A Benkstein, KD Montgomery, CB Semancik, S AF Vergara, Alexander Benkstein, Kurt D. Montgomery, Christopher B. Semancik, Steve TI Demonstration of Fast and Accurate Discrimination and Quantification of Chemically Similar Species Utilizing a Single Cross-Selective Chemiresistor SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GAS SENSORS; TEMPERATURE MODULATION; TRANSIENT-RESPONSE; ELECTRONIC-NOSE; IDENTIFICATION; OPTIMIZATION; OLFACTION; MIXTURE; SURFACE; MODE AB Performance characteristics of gas-phase microsensors will determine the ultimate utility of these devices for a wide range of chemical monitoring applications. Commonly employed chemiresistor elements are quite sensitive to selected analytes, and relatively new methods have increased the selectivity to specific compounds, even in the presence of interfering species. Here, we have focused on determining whether purposefully driven temperature modulation can produce faster sensor-response characteristics, which could enable measurements for a broader range of applications involving dynamic compositional analysis. We investigated the response speed of a single chemiresitive In2O3 microhotplate sensor to four analytes (methanol, ethanol, acetone, 2-butanone) by systematically varying the oscillating frequency (semicycle periods of 20-120 ms) of a bilevel temperature cycle applied to the sensing element. It was determined that the fastest response (approximate to 9 s), as indicated by a 98% signal-change metric, occurred for a period of 30 ms and that responses under such modulation were dramatically faster than for isothermal operation of the same device (>300 s). Rapid modulation between 150 and 450 degrees C exerts kinetic control over transient processes, including adsorption, desorption, diffusion, and reaction phenomena, which are important for charge transfer occurring in transduction processes and the observed response times. We also demonstrate that the fastest operation is accompanied by excellent discrimination within a challenging 16-category recognition problem (consisting of the four analytes at four separate concentrations). This critical finding demonstrates that both speed and high discriminatory capabilities can be realized through temperature modulation. C1 [Vergara, Alexander; Benkstein, Kurt D.; Montgomery, Christopher B.; Semancik, Steve] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vergara, Alexander] NICHHD, Lab Cellular & Synapt Neurophysiol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Semancik, S (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.semancik@nist.gov FU National Research Council NIH-NIST; NIST; National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering of the NIH; Office of Naval Research FX This research was performed while A.V. held a National Research Council NIH-NIST Postdoctoral Associateship Award with funding provided by NIST and the Intramural Program of the National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering of the NIH. We also acknowledge partial funding of this work by the Office of Naval Research. We thank Dr. P. Rogers for the precursor sensing materials and programming of the sensor control/data acquisition software. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 14 BP 6753 EP 6757 DI 10.1021/ac501490k PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AL6FG UT WOS:000339227400004 PM 24931319 ER PT J AU You, R Li, M Guha, S Mulholland, GW Zachariah, MR AF You, R. Li, M. Guha, S. Mulholland, G. W. Zachariah, M. R. TI Bionanoparticles as Candidate Reference Materials for Mobility Analysis of Nanoparticles SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; ELECTROSPRAY; COMPLEXES; VIRUSES; SPECTROMETRY; PARTICLES; STANDARDS; SIZE AB We propose bionanoparticles as a candidate reference material for determining the mobility of nanoparticles over the range of 6 x 10(-8)-5 x 10(-6) m(2)v(-1)s(-1). Using an electrospray differential mobility analyzer (ES-DMA), we measured the empirical distribution of several bionanoparticles. All of them show monomodal distributions that are more than two times narrower than the currently used calibration particles for mobility larger than 6 x 10(-8) m(2)v(-1)s(-1) (diameters less than 60 nm). We also present a numerical method to calculate corrected distributions of bionanoparticles by separating the contribution of the diffusive transfer function. The corrected distribution is about 20% narrower than the empirical distributions. Even with the correction, the reduced width of the mobility distribution is about a factor of 2 larger than the diffusive transfer function. The additional broadening could result from the nonuniform conformation of bionanoparticles and from the presence of volatile impurities or solvent adducts. The mobilities of these investigated bionanoparticle are stable over a range of buffer concentration and molarity, with no evidence of temporal degradation over several weeks. C1 [You, R.; Li, M.; Guha, S.; Mulholland, G. W.; Zachariah, M. R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [You, R.; Li, M.; Guha, S.; Mulholland, G. W.; Zachariah, M. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu RI Li, Mingdong/G-6957-2014; OI Li, Mingdong/0000-0001-5890-7156; Guha, Suvajyoti/0000-0002-7622-2721 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 14 BP 6836 EP 6842 DI 10.1021/ac403503q PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AL6FG UT WOS:000339227400018 PM 25002080 ER PT J AU Ocko, IB Ramaswamy, V Ming, Y AF Ocko, Ilissa B. Ramaswamy, V. Ming, Yi TI Contrasting Climate Responses to the Scattering and Absorbing Features of Anthropogenic Aerosol Forcings SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID BLACK CARBON AEROSOLS; GREENHOUSE-GAS; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; TROPICAL OCEAN; COUPLED MODELS; DATA SET; CIRCULATION; ATMOSPHERE; 20TH-CENTURY; SULFATE AB Anthropogenic aerosols comprise optically scattering and absorbing particles, with the principal concentrations being in the Northern Hemisphere, yielding negative and positive global mean radiative forcings, respectively. Aerosols also influence cloud albedo, yielding additional negative radiative forcings. Climate responses to a comprehensive set of isolated aerosol forcing simulations are investigated in a coupled atmosphere ocean framework, forced by preindustrial to present-day aerosol-induced radiative perturbations. Atmospheric and oceanic climate responses (including precipitation, atmospheric circulation, atmospheric and oceanic heat transport, sea surface temperature, and salinity) to negative and positive particulate forcings are consistently anticorrelated. The striking effects include distinct patterns of changes north and south of the equator that are governed by the sign of the aerosol forcing and its initiation of an interhemispheric forcing asymmetry. The presence of opposing signs of the forcings between the aerosol scatterers and absorbers, and the resulting contrast in climate responses, thus dilutes the individual effects of aerosol types on influencing global and regional climate conditions. The aerosol-induced changes in the variables also have a distinct fingerprint when compared to the responses of the more globally uniform and interhemispherically symmetric well-mixed greenhouse gas forcing. The significance of employing a full ocean model is demonstrated in this study by the ability to partition how individual aerosols influence atmospheric and oceanic conditions separately. C1 [Ocko, Ilissa B.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ramaswamy, V.; Ming, Yi] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Ocko, IB (reprint author), Environm Def Fund, 257 Pk Ave South, New York, NY 10010 USA. EM iocko@edf.org RI Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012 FU National Science Foundation [DGE 0646086] FX Ilissa B. Ocko was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant DGE 0646086. We thank Dan Schwarzkopf and Geeta Persad for providing several forcing estimates, David Paynter for suggestions and comments, Gabriel Vecchi for reading an earlier draft of the manuscript, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. NR 73 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 14 BP 5329 EP 5345 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00401.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AL4WJ UT WOS:000339135200007 ER PT J AU Fukuyama, AK Shigenaka, G Coats, DA AF Fukuyama, Allan K. Shigenaka, Gary Coats, Douglas A. TI Status of intertidal infaunal communities following the Exxon Valdez oil crossMark spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Parallelism; Convergence; Infauna; Leukoma (Protothaca) staminea; Recolonization; Exxon Valdez ID SHORELINE TREATMENTS; RECOVERY; ECOSYSTEM; IMPACT; BIOTA AB Intertidal infaunal communities were sampled in Prince William Sound, Alaska from 1990-2000 to evaluate impacts and recovery from the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Initial findings suggested that the spill and cleanup depressed abundances of all taxonomic groups. By 1992, abundances of major taxonomic categories at disturbed sites had either converged or paralleled populations at Unoiled sites. Abundances of littleneck clams, Leukoma (Protothaca) staminea, slowly increased at Treated sites and converged with Unoiled sites by 2000. Infaunal population differences positively correlated with fine-grained sediments at Treated sites. We believe that sediment fines removal during cleanup, and subsequent slow natural replenishment, impeded the return of the environment to pre-spill conditions. This suggests physical recovery of spill-affected beaches is an important precursor to biological recovery. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fukuyama, Allan K.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Biol Resources Div, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit,US G, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Shigenaka, Gary] NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Coats, Douglas A.] Marine Res Specialists, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. RP Fukuyama, AK (reprint author), F HT Environm Serv, 7019 157th St SW, Edmonds, WA 98026 USA. EM akfukuyama@frontier.com NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 59 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 84 IS 1-2 BP 56 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.05.043 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AL0GF UT WOS:000338804700020 PM 24923812 ER PT J AU Gardner, JPA Bartz, RJ Brainard, RE Cohen, JD Dunbar, RB Garton, DW Powell, S AF Gardner, Jonathan P. A. Bartz, R. John Brainard, Russell E. Cohen, John D. Dunbar, Robert B. Garton, David W. Powell, Sam TI Conservation management options and actions: Putative decline of coral cover at Palmyra Atoll, Northern Line Islands, as a case study SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Palmyra Atoll; Temperature; Sediment; Turbidity; Coral decline; Management options and actions ID CENTRAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STRESS-RESPONSE; PHOENIX ISLANDS; REEFS; IMPACTS; MUSSELS AB Localised loss of live coral cover at Palmyra Atoll (central Pacific Ocean) has been attributed to increased temperature and/or sedimentation arising from alterations made to the lagoon system. It has been hypothesised that a causeway spanning the lagoon hinders water circulation, resulting in warmer and/or more turbid water flowing towards a site of high coral cover and diversity (Coral Gardens). Analyses of a multi-site and multi-year data set revealed no differences in mean temperature or turbidity values on either side of the causeway and provided no evidence of significantly warmer or more turbid water at Coral Gardens. We conclude that the putative decline in live coral cover cannot be attributed to the presence of the causeway and that proposed management actions involving modification to the causeway cannot achieve the conservation outcomes suggested of them. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gardner, Jonathan P. A.; Cohen, John D.; Powell, Sam] Victoria Univ Wellington, Ctr Marine Environm & Econ Res, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. [Bartz, R. John; Dunbar, Robert B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Brainard, Russell E.] NOAA, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI USA. [Garton, David W.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Gardner, JPA (reprint author), Victoria Univ Wellington, Ctr Marine Environm & Econ Res, POB 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. EM jonathan.gardner@vuw.ac.nz RI Gardner, Jonathan/M-3224-2016 NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 84 IS 1-2 BP 182 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.05.013 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AL0GF UT WOS:000338804700034 PM 24889316 ER PT J AU Cabrera, I Thompson, JD Coldea, R Prabhakaran, D Bewley, RI Guidi, T Rodriguez-Rivera, JA Stock, C AF Cabrera, I. Thompson, J. D. Coldea, R. Prabhakaran, D. Bewley, R. I. Guidi, T. Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A. Stock, C. TI Excitations in the quantum paramagnetic phase of the quasi-one-dimensional Ising magnet CoNb2O6 in a transverse field: Geometric frustration and quantum renormalization effects SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB The quasi-one-dimensional (1D) Ising ferromagnet CoNb2O6 has recently been driven via applied transverse magnetic fields through a continuous quantum phase transition from spontaneous magnetic order to a quantum paramagnet, and dramatic changes were observed in the spin dynamics, characteristic of weakly perturbed 1D Ising quantum criticality. We report here extensive single-crystal inelastic neutron scattering measurements of the magnetic excitations throughout the three-dimensional (3D) Brillouin zone in the quantum paramagnetic phase just above the critical field to characterize the effects of the finite interchain couplings. In this phase, we observe that excitations have a sharp, resolution-limited line shape at low energies and over most of the dispersion bandwidth, as expected for spin-flip quasiparticles. We map the full bandwidth along the strongly dispersive chain direction and resolve clear modulations of the dispersions in the plane normal to the chains, characteristic of frustrated interchain couplings in an antiferromagnetic isosceles triangular lattice. The dispersions can be well parametrized using a linear spin-wave model that includes interchain couplings and further neighbor exchanges. The observed dispersion bandwidth along the chain direction is smaller than that predicted by a linear spin-wave model using exchange values determined at zero field, and this effect is attributed to quantum renormalization of the dispersion beyond the spin-wave approximation in fields slightly above the critical field, where quantum fluctuations are still significant. C1 [Cabrera, I.; Thompson, J. D.; Coldea, R.; Prabhakaran, D.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Bewley, R. I.; Guidi, T.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A.; Stock, C.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cabrera, I (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RI Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/A-4872-2013; Cabrera, Ivelisse/L-5999-2013; OI Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/0000-0002-8633-8314; Cabrera, Ivelisse/0000-0002-0287-8437; Thompson, Jordan/0000-0003-2172-4545 FU EPSRC Grant [EP/H014934/1]; University of Oxford Clarendon Fund Scholarshi; NSERC of Canada; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX We acknowledge very useful discussions with F. H. L. Essler and N. J. Robinson. I. C. and R. C. acknowledge support from the EPSRC Grant No. EP/H014934/1. J. D. T. was supported by the University of Oxford Clarendon Fund Scholarship and NSERC of Canada. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. We acknowledge STFC (UK) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce for providing the neutron research facilities used in this work, and we thank the technical staff at those facilities for cryogenics support. We acknowledge collaboration with E. M. Wheeler on preliminary measurements of magnetic excitations at lower applied magnetic fields at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin [19]. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 29 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 1 AR 014418 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.014418 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AL9EU UT WOS:000339443700005 ER PT J AU de Souza, GF Slater, RD Dunne, JP Sarmiento, JL AF de Souza, Gregory F. Slater, Richard D. Dunne, John P. Sarmiento, Jorge L. TI Deconvolving the controls on the deep ocean's silicon stable isotope distribution SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE silicon isotopes; marine silicon cycle; Southern Ocean; ocean biogeochemical cycles; general circulation model ID EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; NORTH PACIFIC; VERTICAL EXCHANGE; MARINE DIATOMS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; WATER MASSES; SI-ISOTOPES; FRACTIONATION AB We trace the marine biogeochemical silicon (Si) cycle using the stable isotope composition of Si dissolved in seawater (expressed as delta Si-30). Open ocean delta Si-30 observations indicate a surprisingly strong influence of the physical circulation on the large-scale marine Si distribution. Here, we present an ocean general circulation model simulation that deconvolves the physical and biogeochemical controls on the delta Si-30 distribution in the deep oceanic interior. By parsing dissolved Si into its preformed and regenerated components, we separate the influence of deep water formation and circulation from the effects of biogeochemical cycling related to opal dissolution at depth. We show that the systematic meridional delta Si-30 gradient observed in the deep Atlantic Ocean is primarily determined by the preformed component of Si, whose distribution in the interior is controlled solely by the circulation. We also demonstrate that the delta Si-30 value of the regenerated component of Si in the global deep ocean is dominantly set by oceanic regions where opal export fluxes to the deep ocean are large, i.e. primarily in the Southern Ocean's opal belt. The global importance of this regionally dynamic Si cycling helps explain the observed strong physical control on the oceanic delta Si-30 distribution, since most of the regenerated Si present within the deep Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans is in fact transported into these basins by deep waters flowing northward from the Southern Ocean. Our results thus provide a mechanistic explanation for the observed delta Si-30 distribution that emphasizes the dominant importance of the Southern Ocean in the marine Si cycle. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [de Souza, Gregory F.; Slater, Richard D.; Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Dunne, John P.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP de Souza, GF (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM gfds@princeton.edu RI Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; OI Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; de Souza, Gregory/0000-0002-0232-2690 FU Swiss National Science Foundation [PBEZP2-140169]; NOAA [NA11OAR4310066] FX Fruitful discussions with Irina Marinov, Mark Brzezinski, Ben Reynolds and Robbie Toggweiler are gratefully acknowledged. Feedback from Florian Wetzel helped considerably improve an earlier version of this manuscript. The authors thank the observational delta30Si community for generously sharing data, Damien Cardinal and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive reviews, and Gideon Henderson for editorial handling. This work was supported by Swiss National Science Foundation postdoctoral fellowship PBEZP2-140169 granted to GFDS, and NOAA grant NA11OAR4310066 to JLS. NR 73 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 398 BP 66 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.04.040 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AJ7IM UT WOS:000337870400007 ER PT J AU Wilson, TB Kochendorfer, J Meyers, TP Heuer, M Sloop, K Miller, J AF Wilson, T. B. Kochendorfer, J. Meyers, T. P. Heuer, M. Sloop, K. Miller, J. TI Leaf litter water content and soil surface CO2 fluxes in a deciduous forest SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Forest leaf litter; Litter wetness; Soil water content; Soil and litter carbon dioxide flux ID CHOPPED CORN RESIDUE; ENERGY-BALANCE; CARBON; FLOOR; DECOMPOSITION; MODEL; HEAT; TRANSPORT; MOISTURE; BUDGET AB This study has examined the ability of a commercial, miniature soil moisture probe to measure water content within the leaf litter layer found on the floor below a deciduous forest site in Oak Ridge, eastern Tennessee. With its small size and high moisture sensitivity, this probe provides a potential opportunity for monitoring the water content beneath complex vegetation systems within the soil-air interface normally characterized by a large spatial variability and small magnitude of energy, water and carbon fluxes. With its low-cost and low-power, many of these probes can be easily deployed at a much lower cost than the single traditional soil moisture probe that is usually used for monitoring local-site soil moisture and is unsuitable for litter wetness. Miniature probe measurements of litter moisture were compared with gravimetric measurements from litter sample baskets positioned across the forest floor and the change in the magnitude of the probe output correlated linearly to the water content of the litter. Gravimetric measurements of the litter water content ranged from 1 to 3 g (H2O) g(-1) (litter dry weight), and hourly values varied with precipitation, radiation, and wind speed. Measurements of the litter and soil water content were incorporated into empirical models adopted from the literature for estimating the litter and soil components of the CO2 flux. The comparison between the modeled and the measured hourly CO2 flux on the forest floor produced root means square differences (RMSD) of about 1.11 and 1.32 umol m(-2) S-1 for estimates with and without litter layer, respectively, and about 25% of the forest floor CO2 flux was due to direct contributions from the litter layer. The results of the study indicate that the probes performed well in a complex forest environment and can be used to help evaluate the water, energy and CO2 fluxes on the soil surface inside a variety of vegetation stands. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wilson, T. B.; Kochendorfer, J.; Meyers, T. P.; Heuer, M.; Sloop, K.] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wilson, T. B.; Kochendorfer, J.; Meyers, T. P.; Heuer, M.; Sloop, K.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Miller, J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Wilson, TB (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, POB 2456, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tim.wilson@noaa.gov RI Kochendorfer, John/K-2680-2012; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Wilson, Timothy/C-9863-2016 OI Kochendorfer, John/0000-0001-8436-2460; Wilson, Timothy/0000-0003-1785-5323 FU NOAA OAR/ARL Climate Research Program FX This work was funded by the NOAA OAR/ARL Climate Research Program. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 192 BP 42 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.02.005 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH0JX UT WOS:000335806300006 ER PT J AU Pearlman, A Datla, R Kacker, R Cao, CY AF Pearlman, Aaron Datla, Raju Kacker, Raghu Cao, Changyong TI Translating Radiometric Requirements for Satellite Sensors to Match International Standards SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE error analysis; GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager; Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM); ISO standards; satellite sensor uncertainty requirements AB International scientific standards organizations created standards on evaluating uncertainty in the early 1990s. Although scientists from many fields use these standards, they are not consistently implemented in the remote sensing community, where traditional error analysis framework persists. For a satellite instrument under development, this can create confusion in showing whether requirements are met. We aim to create a methodology for translating requirements from the error analysis framework to the modern uncertainty approach using the product level requirements of the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) that will fly on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R-Series (GOES-R). In this paper we prescribe a method to combine several measurement performance requirements, written using a traditional error analysis framework, into a single specification using the propagation of uncertainties formula. By using this approach, scientists can communicate requirements in a consistent uncertainty framework leading to uniform interpretation throughout the development and operation of any satellite instrument. C1 [Pearlman, Aaron; Datla, Raju] Earth Resources Technol Inc, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Kacker, Raghu] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pearlman, Aaron; Datla, Raju; Cao, Changyong] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20737 USA. RP Pearlman, A (reprint author), Earth Resources Technol Inc, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM aaron.pearlman@noaa.gov; raju.datla@noaa.gov; raghu.kacker@nist.gov; changyong.cao@noaa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Pearlman, Aaron/L-8912-2013 OI Pearlman, Aaron/0000-0002-4498-2208 FU GOES-R FX This work is partially funded by GOES-R. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA, NIST, or the U.S. government. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL 14 PY 2014 VL 119 BP 272 EP 276 DI 10.6028/jres.119.010 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AP4RS UT WOS:000342066600001 PM 26601032 ER PT J AU Desrosiers, MF AF Desrosiers, Marc F. TI Post-Irradiation Study of the Alanine Dosimeter SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alanine; dosimetry; electron paramagnetic resonance; gamma radiation; stability; time ID EPR; SYSTEM; RADICALS; ADVANCEMENTS; DEPENDENCE; ACCURACY; HUMIDITY; PROBES; SIGNAL AB Post-irradiation stability of high-dose dosimeters has traditionally been an important measurement influence quantity. Though the exceptional stability of the alanine dosimeter response with time has rendered this factor a non-issue for routine work, the archival quality of the alanine dosimeter has not been characterized. Here the alanine pellet dosimeter response is measured up to seven years post-irradiation for a range of absorbed doses. This long-term study is accompanied by an examination of the environmental influence quantities (e.g., ambient light) on the relatively short-term (3-4 month) stability of both pellet and film commercial dosimeters. Both dosimeter types demonstrated exceptional stability in the short term and proved to be relatively insensitive to common influence quantities. The long-term data revealed a complex dose-dependent response trend. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Desrosiers, MF (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marc.desrosiers@nist.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL 14 PY 2014 VL 119 BP 277 EP 295 DI 10.6028/jres.119.011 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AP4RS UT WOS:000342066600002 PM 26601033 ER PT J AU Gordon, JA Holloway, CL Schwarzkopf, A Anderson, DA Miller, S Thaicharoen, N Raithel, G AF Gordon, Joshua A. Holloway, Christopher L. Schwarzkopf, Andrew Anderson, Dave A. Miller, Stephanie Thaicharoen, Nithiwadee Raithel, Georg TI Millimeter wave detection via Autler-Townes splitting in rubidium Rydberg atoms SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY-INDUCED-TRANSPARENCY; SYSTEMS AB In this paper, we demonstrate the detection of millimeter waves via Autler-Townes splitting in Rb-85 Rydberg atoms. This method may provide an independent, atom-based, SI-traceable method for measuring mm-wave electric fields, which addresses a gap in current calibration techniques in the mm-wave regime. The electric-field amplitude within a rubidium vapor cell in the WR-10 wave guide band is measured for frequencies of 93.71 GHz and 104.77 GHz. Relevant aspects of Autler-Townes splitting originating from a four-level electromagnetically induced transparency scheme are discussed. We measured the E-field generated by an open-ended waveguide using this technique. Experimental results are compared to a full-wave finite element simulation. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Gordon, Joshua A.; Holloway, Christopher L.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, US Dept Commerce, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schwarzkopf, Andrew; Anderson, Dave A.; Miller, Stephanie; Thaicharoen, Nithiwadee; Raithel, Georg] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Gordon, JA (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, US Dept Commerce, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM josh.gordon@nist.gov FU DARPA's QuASAR program FX This work was partially supported by DARPA's QuASAR program. Publication of the U.S. government, not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 14 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 2 AR 024104 DI 10.1063/1.4890094 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AO2KU UT WOS:000341151400092 ER PT J AU Verma, VB Lita, AE Vissers, MR Marsili, F Pappas, DP Mirin, RP Nam, SW AF Verma, V. B. Lita, A. E. Vissers, M. R. Marsili, F. Pappas, D. P. Mirin, R. P. Nam, S. W. TI Superconducting nanowire single photon detectors fabricated from an amorphous Mo0.75Ge0.25 thin film SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EFFICIENCY; WAVELENGTH; MGB2; NM AB We present the characteristics of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) fabricated from amorphous Mo0.75Ge0.25 thin-films. Fabricated devices show a saturation of the internal detection efficiency at temperatures below 1 K, with system dark count rates below 500 cps. Operation in a closed-cycle cryocooler at 2.5 K is possible with system detection efficiencies exceeding 20% for SNSPDs which have not been optimized for high detection efficiency. Jitter is observed to vary between 69 ps at 250 mK and 187 ps at 2.5 K using room temperature amplifiers. C1 [Verma, V. B.; Lita, A. E.; Vissers, M. R.; Marsili, F.; Pappas, D. P.; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Verma, VB (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 FU DARPA Quiness program FX This work was supported by the DARPA Quiness program. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 14 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 2 AR 022602 DI 10.1063/1.4890277 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AO2KU UT WOS:000341151400050 ER PT J AU Lin, J Walsh, L Hughes, G Woicik, JC Povey, IM O'Regan, TP Hurley, PK AF Lin, Jun Walsh, Lee Hughes, Greg Woicik, Joseph C. Povey, Ian M. O'Regan, Terrance P. Hurley, Paul K. TI A combined capacitance-voltage and hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterisation of metal/Al2O3/In0.53Ga0.47As capacitor structures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES AB Capacitance-Voltage (C-V) characterization and hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) measurements have been used to study metal/Al2O3/In0.53Ga0.47As capacitor structures with high (Ni) and low (Al) work function metals. The HAXPES measurements observe a band bending occurring prior to metal deposition, which is attributed to a combination of fixed oxide charges and interface states of donor-type. Following metal deposition, the Fermi level positions at the Al2O3/In0.53Ga0.47As interface move towards the expected direction as observed from HAXPES measurements. The In0.53Ga0.47As surface Fermi level positions determined from both the C-V analysis at zero gate bias and HAXPES measurements are in reasonable agreement. The results are consistent with the presence of electrically active interface states at the Al2O3/In0.53Ga0.47As interface and suggest an interface state density increasing towards the In0.53Ga0.47As valence band edge. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Lin, Jun; Povey, Ian M.; Hurley, Paul K.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Tyndall Natl Inst, Cork, Ireland. [Walsh, Lee; Hughes, Greg] Dublin City Univ, Sch Phys Sci, Dublin 9, Ireland. [Woicik, Joseph C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [O'Regan, Terrance P.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Lin, J (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Tyndall Natl Inst, Cork, Ireland. RI Povey, Ian/C-6439-2009; OI Povey, Ian/0000-0002-7877-6664; Hughes, Greg/0000-0003-1310-8961; Hughes, Gregory/0000-0002-1358-9032 FU Science Foundation Ireland through INVENT Project [SFI/09/IN.1/I2633]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors from Tyndall National Institute and Dublin City University acknowledge Science Foundation Ireland for financial support of the research work through the INVENT Project (SFI/09/IN.1/I2633). The central fabrication facility at Tyndall is acknowledged for the fabrication of the experimental samples used in this work. Ian Povey from Tyndall is acknowledged for the ALD growth of the Al2O3 layers. Dan O'Connell from Tyndall is acknowledged for the metallisation. Patrick Carolan from Tyndall is acknowledged for the TEM analysis. Access to the X24A HAXPES beamline at Brookhaven National Laboratory was obtained through a General User Proposal. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 14 PY 2014 VL 116 IS 2 AR 024104 DI 10.1063/1.4887517 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AN0II UT WOS:000340267600054 ER PT J AU Vollebregt, S Banerjee, S Chiaramonti, AN Tichelaar, FD Beenakker, K Ishihara, R AF Vollebregt, Sten Banerjee, Sourish Chiaramonti, Ann N. Tichelaar, Frans D. Beenakker, Kees Ishihara, Ryoichi TI Dominant thermal boundary resistance in multi-walled carbon nanotube bundles fabricated at low temperature SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; INTERFACE MATERIALS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; CONTACT RESISTANCE; CONDUCTIVITY; GROWTH; GRAPHITE; ARRAYS; FILMS AB While carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been suggested as thermal management material for integrated circuits, the thermal properties, and, especially, the thermal boundary resistance (TBR) of as-grown CNT fabricated at low temperature have hardly been investigated. Here, the thermal resistance of CNT vias, with different bundle lengths and diameters fabricated at 500 degrees C using chemical vapour deposition, are investigated using the 3 omega-method. It was found that the thermal resistance hardly changes with length except for the smallest bundle diameter of 2 mu m, indicating that the TBR (10(9)-10(10) K/W per tube) dominates the thermal conduction. This is in contrast to the electrical resistance and temperature coefficient of resistance, both of which clearly increase with length. From the slope of the thermal resistance versus length of the 2 mu m wide bundles, the thermal conductivity of the CNT was estimated to be 1.4-2.8 W/mK. This low thermal conductivity is attributed to the low quality of the samples as determined by Raman spectroscopy. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Vollebregt, Sten; Banerjee, Sourish; Beenakker, Kees; Ishihara, Ryoichi] Delft Univ Technol, Delft Inst Microsyst & Nanoelect, Fac Elect Engn Math & Comp Sci, NL-2628 CT Delft, Netherlands. [Chiaramonti, Ann N.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Tichelaar, Frans D.] Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci, Natl Ctr High Resolut Electron Microscopy, Fac Appl Phys, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. RP Vollebregt, S (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Delft Inst Microsyst & Nanoelect, Fac Elect Engn Math & Comp Sci, Feldmannweg 17, NL-2628 CT Delft, Netherlands. EM s.vollebregt@tudelft.nl RI Vollebregt, Sten/P-3073-2014 OI Vollebregt, Sten/0000-0001-6012-6180 FU Public Authority in France; Public Authority in Germany; Public Authority in Hungary; Public Authority in The Netherlands; Public Authority in Norway; Public Authority in Sweden; ENIAC FX Part of the work has been performed in the project JEMSiP_3D, which is funded by the Public Authorities in France, Germany, Hungary, The Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden, as well as by the ENIAC Joint Undertaking. Partial contribution of NIST, an agency of the US government; not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 14 PY 2014 VL 116 IS 2 AR 023514 DI 10.1063/1.4889820 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AN0II UT WOS:000340267600026 ER PT J AU Whittaker, JD da Silva, FCS Allman, MS Lecocq, F Cicak, K Sirois, AJ Teufel, JD Aumentado, J Simmonds, RW AF Whittaker, J. D. da Silva, F. C. S. Allman, M. S. Lecocq, F. Cicak, K. Sirois, A. J. Teufel, J. D. Aumentado, J. Simmonds, R. W. TI Tunable-cavity QED with phase qubits SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING CIRCUITS; JOSEPHSON-JUNCTION; QUANTUM PROCESSOR; STATE AB We describe a tunable-cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) architecture with an rf SQUID phase qubit inductively coupled to a single-mode, resonant cavity with a tunable frequency that allows for both microwave readout of tunneling and dispersive measurements of the qubit. Dispersive measurement is well characterized by a three-level model, strongly dependent on qubit anharmonicity, qubit-cavity coupling, and detuning. A tunable-cavity frequency provides a way to strongly vary both the qubit-cavity detuning and coupling strength, which can reduce Purcell losses, cavity-induced dephasing of the qubit, and residual bus coupling for a system with multiple qubits. With our qubit-cavity system, we show that dynamic control over the cavity frequency enables one to avoid Purcell losses during coherent qubit evolutions and optimize state readout during qubit measurements. The maximum qubit decay time T-1 = 1.5 mu s is found to be limited by surface dielectric losses from a design geometry similar to planar transmon qubits. C1 [Whittaker, J. D.; da Silva, F. C. S.; Allman, M. S.; Lecocq, F.; Cicak, K.; Sirois, A. J.; Teufel, J. D.; Aumentado, J.; Simmonds, R. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Simmonds, RW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM simmonds@boulder.nist.gov RI Lecocq, Florent/A-9613-2015; Aumentado, Jose/C-2231-2009; Teufel, John/A-8898-2010; OI Lecocq, Florent/0000-0002-3950-0024; Aumentado, Jose/0000-0001-5581-1466; Teufel, John/0000-0002-1873-9941; Whittaker, Jed/0000-0002-0456-3244 FU NSA [EAO140639]; NIST Quantum Information Program FX We thank M. Castellanos-Beltran, M. Defeo, and D. Slichter for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by NSA under Contract No. EAO140639, and the NIST Quantum Information Program. This article is a contribution by NIST and not subject to US copyright. NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 14 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 2 AR 024513 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.024513 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AL9EZ UT WOS:000339444300006 ER PT J AU Majkut, JD Carter, BR Frolicher, TL Dufour, CO Rodgers, KB Sarmiento, JL AF Majkut, Joseph D. Carter, Brendan R. Froelicher, Thomas L. Dufour, Carolina O. Rodgers, Keith B. Sarmiento, Jorge L. TI An observing system simulation for Southern Ocean carbon dioxide uptake SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE carbon; Southern Ocean; observational system simulation experiment ID ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; PROFILING FLOATS; SURFACE WATERS; INDIAN-OCEAN; GLOBAL OCEAN; TRENDS; SINK; REANALYSIS; NUTRIENTS; PROJECT AB The Southern Ocean is critically important to the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2. Up to half of the excess CO2 currently in the ocean entered through the Southern Ocean. That uptake helps to maintain the global carbon balance and buffers transient climate change from fossil fuel emissions. However, the future evolution of the uptake is uncertain, because our understanding of the dynamics that govern the Southern Ocean CO2 uptake is incomplete. Sparse observations and incomplete model formulations limit our ability to constrain the monthly and annual uptake, interannual variability and long-term trends. Float-based sampling of ocean biogeochemistry provides an opportunity for transforming our understanding of the Southern Ocean CO2 flux. In this work, we review current estimates of the CO2 uptake in the Southern Ocean and projections of its response to climate change. We then show, via an observational system simulation experiment, that float-based sampling provides a significant opportunity for measuring the mean fluxes and monitoring the mean uptake over decadal scales. C1 [Majkut, Joseph D.; Carter, Brendan R.; Dufour, Carolina O.; Rodgers, Keith B.; Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Froelicher, Thomas L.] ETH, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Majkut, JD (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM jmajkut@princeton.edu RI Frolicher, Thomas/E-5137-2015; OI Frolicher, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7854; Carter, Brendan/0000-0003-2445-0711 FU NSF [ANT-1040957]; US Department of Energy [DE-SC0006848]; SNSF [PZ00P2-142573] FX B.R.C. was supported by NSF grant no. ANT-1040957. C.O.D. was supported by the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-SC0006848. T. L. F. acknowledges support from the SNSF (Ambizione grant no. PZ00P2-142573). NR 56 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 33 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X EI 1471-2962 J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD JUL 13 PY 2014 VL 372 IS 2019 AR 20130046 DI 10.1098/rsta.2013.0046 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AJ0SS UT WOS:000337366900003 PM 24891388 ER PT J AU Lu, XY Tam, DW Zhang, CL Luo, HQ Wang, M Zhang, R Harriger, LW Keller, T Keimer, B Regnault, LP Maier, TA Dai, PC AF Lu, Xingye Tam, David W. Zhang, Chenglin Luo, Huiqian Wang, Meng Zhang, Rui Harriger, Leland W. Keller, T. Keimer, B. Regnault, L. -P. Maier, Thomas A. Dai, Pengcheng TI Short-range cluster spin glass near optimal superconductivity in BaFe2-xNixAs2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MAGNETISM; FEAS AB High-temperature superconductivity in iron pnictides occurs when electrons are doped into their antiferromagnetic (AF) parent compounds. In addition to inducing superconductivity, electron doping also changes the static commensurate AF order in the undoped parent compounds into short-range incommensurate AF order near optimal superconductivity. Here we use neutron scattering to demonstrate that the incommensurate AF order in BaFe2-xNixAs2 is not a spin-density wave arising from the itinerant electrons in nested Fermi surfaces, but is consistent with a cluster spin glass in the matrix of the superconducting phase. Therefore, optimal superconductivity in iron pnictides coexists and competes with a mesoscopically separated cluster spin glass phase, much different from the homogeneous coexisting AF and superconducting phases in the underdoped regime. C1 [Lu, Xingye; Luo, Huiqian; Wang, Meng; Zhang, Rui; Dai, Pengcheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Tam, David W.; Zhang, Chenglin; Dai, Pengcheng] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Harriger, Leland W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Keller, T.; Keimer, B.] Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Keller, T.] Forsch Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier Leibnitz MLZ, Max Planck Soc Outstn, D-85747 Garching, Germany. [Regnault, L. -P.] UMR E CEA UJF Grenoble 1, INAC, SPSMS MDN, F-38054 Grenoble, France. [Maier, Thomas A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Maier, Thomas A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lu, XY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM pdai@rice.edu RI Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; WANG, MENG/E-6595-2012; Maier, Thomas/F-6759-2012 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; WANG, MENG/0000-0002-8232-2331; Maier, Thomas/0000-0002-1424-9996 FU MOST [2012CB821400, 2011CBA00110]; NSFC [11374011, 91221303]; NPL, CAEP [2013DB03]; US (Rice University) [NSF-DMR-1308603]; US (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) [NSF-DMR-1308603]; Robert A. Welch Foundation at Rice University [C-1839] FX The work at IOP, CAS is supported by MOST (973 Projects No. 2012CB821400 and No. 2011CBA00110) and NSFC (Projects No. 11374011 and No. 91221303). X. L. and H. L. acknowledge Project No. 2013DB03 supported by NPL, CAEP. We also acknowledge support from the US NSF-DMR-1308603 (Rice University and Oak Ridge National Laboratory) and the Robert A. Welch Foundation Grant No. C-1839 at Rice University. NR 45 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 11 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 2 AR 024509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.024509 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AO9FA UT WOS:000341660100003 ER PT J AU Ruffoni, MP Den Hartog, EA Lawler, JE Brewer, NR Lind, K Nave, G Pickering, JC AF Ruffoni, M. P. Den Hartog, E. A. Lawler, J. E. Brewer, N. R. Lind, K. Nave, G. Pickering, J. C. TI Fe i oscillator strengths for the Gaia-ESO survey SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE atomic data; line: profiles; methods: laboratory; techniques: spectroscopic ID ATOMIC TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; LATE-TYPE STARS; CRITICAL COMPILATION; VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; SPECTROMETER; PERFORMANCE; LIFETIMES; ENERGIES; SPECTRA AB The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey (GES) is conducting a large-scale study of multi-element chemical abundances of some 100 000 stars in the Milky Way with the ultimate aim of quantifying the formation history and evolution of young, mature and ancient Galactic populations. However, in preparing for the analysis of GES spectra, it has been noted that atomic oscillator strengths of important Fe i lines required to correctly model stellar line intensities are missing from the atomic data base. Here, we present new experimental oscillator strengths derived from branching fractions and level lifetimes, for 142 transitions of Fe i between 3526 and 10 864 , of which at least 38 are urgently needed by GES. We also assess the impact of these new data on solar spectral synthesis and demonstrate that for 36 lines that appear unblended in the Sun, Fe abundance measurements yield a small line-by-line scatter (0.08 dex) with a mean abundance of 7.44 dex in good agreement with recent publications. C1 [Ruffoni, M. P.; Pickering, J. C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. [Den Hartog, E. A.; Lawler, J. E.; Brewer, N. R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lind, K.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Nave, G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ruffoni, MP (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. EM m.ruffoni@imperial.ac.uk FU UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC); European Science Foundation (ESF) under GREAT/ESF [5435]; US National Science Foundation (NSF) [AST-0907732, AST-121105]; European Union through European Research Council (ERC) [320360] FX MPR and JCP would like to thank the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) for supporting this research and the European Science Foundation (ESF), under GREAT/ESF grant number 5435, for funding international travel to discuss research plans with the wider GES team. EDH and JEL acknowledge the support of the US National Science Foundation (NSF) for funding the LIF lifetime measurements under grants AST-0907732 and AST-121105. KL acknowledges support by the European Union FP7 programme through European Research Council (ERC) grant number 320360. NR 33 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 11 PY 2014 VL 441 IS 4 BP 3127 EP 3136 DI 10.1093/mnras/stu780 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AK9RP UT WOS:000338764700024 ER PT J AU Vincent, FH Paumard, T Perrin, G Varniere, P Casse, F Eisenhauer, F Gillessen, S Armitage, PJ AF Vincent, F. H. Paumard, T. Perrin, G. Varniere, P. Casse, F. Eisenhauer, F. Gillessen, S. Armitage, P. J. TI Distinguishing an ejected blob from alternative flare models at the Galactic Centre with GRAVITY SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; instrumentation: interferometers; astrometry; Galaxy: centre ID SAGITTARIUS-A-ASTERISK; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; ROSSBY-WAVE INSTABILITY; NEAR-INFRARED FLARES; X-RAY FLARE; SGR-A; ACCRETION DISKS; MHD SIMULATIONS; STELLAR ORBITS; EMISSION AB The black hole at the Galactic Centre exhibits regularly flares of radiation, the origin of which is still not understood. In this paper, we study the ability of the near-future GRAVITY infrared instrument to constrain the nature of these events. We develop realistic simulations of GRAVITY astrometric data sets for various flare models. We show that the instrument will be able to distinguish an ejected blob from alternative flare models, provided the blob inclination is a parts per thousand(3)45A degrees, the flare brightest magnitude is 14 a parts per thousand(2) m(K) a parts per thousand(2) 15 and the flare duration is a parts per thousand(3)1 h 30 min. C1 [Vincent, F. H.] Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. [Paumard, T.; Perrin, G.] Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC, CNRS UMR 8109, LESIA Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Varniere, P.; Casse, F.] Univ Paris Diderot, F-75205 Paris 13, France. [Eisenhauer, F.; Gillessen, S.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Armitage, P. J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Armitage, P. J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Armitage, P. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Vincent, FH (reprint author), Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. EM frederic.vincent@obspm.fr FU French Programme National des Hautes Energies (PNHE); UnivEarthS Labex program at Sorbonne Paris Cite [ANR-10-LABX-0023, ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02] FX FHV and PV acknowledge financial support from the French Programme National des Hautes Energies (PNHE). PV and FC acknowledge financial support from the UnivEarthS Labex program at Sorbonne Paris Cite (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02). Computing was partly done using the Division Informatique de l'Observatoire (DIO) HPC facilities from Observatoire de Paris (http://dio.obspm.fr/Calcul/). Calculations were partially performed at the Francois Arago Centre (FACe) in Paris. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 11 PY 2014 VL 441 IS 4 BP 3477 EP 3487 DI 10.1093/mnras/stu812 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AK9RP UT WOS:000338764700046 ER PT J AU Wang, QD Griesmann, U Soons, JA AF Wang, Quandou Griesmann, Ulf Soons, Johannes A. TI Holographic radius test plates for spherical surfaces with large radius of curvature SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ZONE-PLATE; INTERFEROMETRY AB We describe a novel interferometric method, based on nested Fresnel zone lenses or photon sieves, for testing and measuring the radius of curvature of precision spherical surfaces that have radii in a range between several meters and a few hundred meters. We illustrate the measurement concept with radius measurements of a spherical mirror with a radius of about 10 m. The measured radius is 9877 mm +/- 10 mm for a coverage factor k = 2. Our measurements also demonstrate, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, the utility of photon sieves for precision surface metrology because they diffuse higher diffraction orders of computer generated holograms, which reduces coherent noise. C1 [Wang, Quandou; Griesmann, Ulf; Soons, Johannes A.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Griesmann, U (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ulf.griesmann@nist.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 10 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 20 BP 4532 EP 4538 DI 10.1364/AO.53.004532 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA AL5JY UT WOS:000339171100022 PM 25090075 ER PT J AU Sheen, DA Manion, JA AF Sheen, David A. Manion, Jeffrey A. TI Kinetics of the Reactions of H and CH3 Radicals with n-Butane: An Experimental Design Study Using Reaction Network Analysis SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID BAYESIAN EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN; ATOM ATTACK; GAS-PHASE; OPTIMIZATION; MODEL; COMBUSTION; UNCERTAINTY; COEFFICIENT; PROPAGATION; OXIDATION AB The oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels proceeds through the attack of small radicals such as H and CH3 on large molecules. These radicals abstract H atoms from the large molecules, which then usually proceed by beta-scission to form C2H4 and C3H6. Quantifying these rates is critical to the development of chemical models for the oxidation of hydrocarbons. Study of this reaction system is confounded by the rapid dissociation of the intermediate radicals, which produces both additional H and additional CH3, making it difficult to separate the behavior of the two radical species under many conditions. In this work, we propose an experimental design algorithm, experimental design through differential information (EDDI), that we apply to measuring H and CH3 attack rates on n-butane using a single-pulse shock tube. This design algorithm is based on the method of uncertainty minimization using polynomial chaos expansions (Sheen, D. A.; Wang, H. Combust. Flame 2011, 158, 2358-2374). We generate a set of proposed measurements covering a wide range of initial reactant concentrations, temperatures, and species concentration measurements, for a total of 160 proposed measurements. To simulate the proposed measurements, we use the jet surrogate fuel model as a candidate model. We then use the EDDI algorithm to identify the best subset of measurements to perform. Seven are elected as the best set. We compare EDDI's performance against an expert-recommended set of measurements. The machine-generated measurement set performs better than the expert-generated experimental set. Therefore, the EDDI algorithm can be used to augment an expert's evaluation of a set of measurements and can be applied to many other database analysis and constraint problems. C1 [Sheen, David A.; Manion, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sheen, DA (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.sheen@nist.gov NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 10 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 27 BP 4929 EP 4941 DI 10.1021/jp5041844 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AL2UK UT WOS:000338980800007 PM 24978296 ER PT J AU Heuser, BJ Trinkle, DR Jalarvo, N Serio, J Schiavone, EJ Mamontov, E Tyagi, M AF Heuser, Brent J. Trinkle, Dallas R. Jalarvo, Niina Serio, Joseph Schiavone, Emily J. Mamontov, Eugene Tyagi, Madhusudan TI Direct Measurement of Hydrogen Dislocation Pipe Diffusion in Deformed Polycrystalline Pd Using Quasielastic Neutron Scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID KINETIC THEORY; PALLADIUM; CLIMB; CORES; EDGE AB The temperature-dependent diffusivity D(T) of hydrogen solute atoms trapped at dislocations-dislocation pipe diffusion of hydrogen-in deformed polycrystalline PdHx (x similar to 10(-3) [H]/[Pd]) has been quantified with quasielastic neutron scattering between 150 and 400 K. We observe diffusion coefficients for trapped hydrogen elevated by one to two orders of magnitude above bulk diffusion. Arrhenius diffusion behavior has been observed for dislocation pipe diffusion and regular bulk diffusion, the latter in well-annealed polycrystalline Pd. For regular bulk diffusion of hydrogen in Pd we find D(T) = D(0)exp(-E-a/kT) = 0.005exp(-0.23 eV/kT) cm(2)/s, in agreement with the known diffusivity of hydrogen in Pd. For hydrogen dislocation pipe diffusion we find D(T) similar or equal to 10(-5)exp(-E-a/kT) cm(2)/s, where E-a = 0.042 and 0.083 eV for concentrations of 0.52 x 10(-3) and 1.13 x 10(-3) [H]/[Pd], respectively. Ab initio computations provide a physical basis for the pipe diffusion pathway and confirm the reduced barrier height. C1 [Heuser, Brent J.; Serio, Joseph] Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Trinkle, Dallas R.; Schiavone, Emily J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Jalarvo, Niina; Mamontov, Eugene] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Neutron Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jalarvo, Niina] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Juelich Ctr Neutron Sci, Outstn Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Heuser, BJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM bheuser@illinois.edu RI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015; Jalarvo, Niina/Q-1320-2015; OI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675; Jalarvo, Niina/0000-0003-0644-6866; Serio, Joseph/0000-0002-0300-0431 FU NSF [DMR-1207102]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the NSF under Grant No. DMR-1207102, and in part by the NSF through the XSede resources provided by NCSA and TACC. Part of the research presented here was conducted at Spallation Neutron Source, was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. Identification of commercial products does not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that these are the best for the purpose. Finally, we are grateful to Y. Zhang (University of Illinois) for useful discussions regarding QENS analysis. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 2 AR 025504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.025504 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AL5KA UT WOS:000339171300020 PM 25062206 ER PT J AU Nalewajko, K Begelman, MC Sikora, M AF Nalewajko, Krzysztof Begelman, Mitchell C. Sikora, Marek TI CONSTRAINING THE LOCATION OF GAMMA-RAY FLARES IN LUMINOUS BLAZARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; gamma rays: galaxies; quasars: general; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; FAST TEV VARIABILITY; QUASAR PKS 1510-089; 3C 454.3; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; RELATIVISTIC JETS; RADIATION-FIELDS; HIGH-FREQUENCIES AB Locating the gamma-ray emission sites in blazar jets is a long standing and highly controversial issue. We jointly investigate several constraints on the distance scale r and Lorentz factor Gamma of the gamma-ray emitting regions in luminous blazars (primarily flat spectrum radio quasars). Working in the framework of one-zone external radiation Comptonization models, we perform a parameter space study for several representative cases of actual gamma-ray flares in their multiwavelength context. We find a particularly useful combination of three constraints: from an upper limit on the collimation parameter Gamma theta less than or similar to 1, from an upper limit on the synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) luminosity LSSC less than or similar to L-X, and from an upper limit on the efficient cooling photon energy E-cool,E-obs less than or similar to 100 MeV. These three constraints are particularly strong for sources with low accretion disk luminosity L-d. The commonly used intrinsic pair-production opacity constraint on Gamma is usually much weaker than the SSC constraint. The SSC and cooling constraints provide a robust lower limit on the collimation parameter Gamma theta greater than or similar to 0.1-0.7. Typical values of r corresponding to moderate values of Gamma similar to 20 are in the range 0.1-1 pc, and are determined primarily by the observed variability timescale t(var,obs). Alternative scenarios motivated by the observed gamma-ray/millimeter connection, in which gamma-ray flares of t(var,obs) similar to a few days are located at r similar to 10 pc, are in conflict with both the SSC and cooling constraints. Moreover, we use a simple light travel time argument to point out that the gamma-ray/millimeter connection does not provide a significant constraint on the location of gamma-ray flares. We argue that spine-sheath models of the jet structure do not offer a plausible alternative to external radiation fields at large distances; however, an extended broad-line region is an idea worth exploring. We propose that the most definite additional constraint could be provided by determination of the synchrotron self-absorption frequency for correlated synchrotron and gamma-ray flares. C1 [Nalewajko, Krzysztof; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nalewajko, Krzysztof; Begelman, Mitchell C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sikora, Marek] Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. RP Nalewajko, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM knalew@jila.colorado.edu FU NASA through the Fermi Guest Investigator program; Polish NCN [DEC-2011/01/B/ST9/04845]; NASA through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship [PF3-140112]; Chandra X-ray Center; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for NASA [NAS8-03060] FX We thank the anonymous referee for valuable comments on the manuscript, and Alan Marscher for discussions. K.N. thanks the staff of the Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center for their hospitality during the preparation of this manuscript. This project was partly supported by NASA through the Fermi Guest Investigator program, and by the Polish NCN through grant DEC-2011/01/B/ST9/04845. K.N. was supported by NASA through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship grant number PF3-140112 awarded by the Chandra X-ray Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for NASA under contract NAS8-03060. NR 90 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2014 VL 789 IS 2 AR 161 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/789/2/161 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AK8JY UT WOS:000338674900070 ER PT J AU Resing, JA Barrett, PM AF Resing, Joseph A. Barrett, Pamela M. TI OCEAN CHEMISTRY Fingerprints of a trace nutrient SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID IRON; CYCLE C1 [Resing, Joseph A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Resing, Joseph A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Barrett, Pamela M.] Univ Washington, Dept Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Resing, JA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM resing@uw.edu; barrettp@uw.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 23 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 10 PY 2014 VL 511 IS 7508 BP 164 EP 165 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AK8AP UT WOS:000338649800032 PM 25008519 ER PT J AU Richerme, P Gong, ZX Lee, A Senko, C Smith, J Foss-Feig, M Michalakis, S Gorshkov, AV Monroe, C AF Richerme, Philip Gong, Zhe-Xuan Lee, Aaron Senko, Crystal Smith, Jacob Foss-Feig, Michael Michalakis, Spyridon Gorshkov, Alexey V. Monroe, Christopher TI Non-local propagation of correlations in quantum systems with long-range interactions SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED IONS; ENTANGLEMENT; DYNAMICS C1 [Richerme, Philip; Gong, Zhe-Xuan; Lee, Aaron; Senko, Crystal; Smith, Jacob; Foss-Feig, Michael; Gorshkov, Alexey V.; Monroe, Christopher] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Richerme, Philip; Gong, Zhe-Xuan; Lee, Aaron; Senko, Crystal; Smith, Jacob; Foss-Feig, Michael; Gorshkov, Alexey V.; Monroe, Christopher] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Michalakis, Spyridon] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat & Matter, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Richerme, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM richerme@umd.edu RI Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008; Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011; Gong, Zhexuan/G-4348-2016 OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421; FU US Army Research Office (ARO) [W911NF0710576]; DARPA Optical Lattice Emulator Program; ARO [W911NF0410234]; IARPA MQCO Program; USNSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI; NRC; Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontier Center; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [GBMF1250] FX We thank J. Preskill, A. M. Rey, K. Hazzard, A. Daley, J. Schachenmayer, M. Kastner, S. Manmana and L.-M. Duan for discussions. This work is supported by the US Army Research Office (ARO) Award W911NF0710576 with funds from the DARPA Optical Lattice Emulator Program, ARO award W911NF0410234 with funds from the IARPA MQCO Program, and the USNSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI. M.F.-F. thanks the NRC for support. S. M. acknowledges funding provided by the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontier Center with the support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (through grant GBMF1250). NR 30 TC 146 Z9 146 U1 6 U2 44 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 10 PY 2014 VL 511 IS 7508 BP 198 EP + DI 10.1038/nature13450 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AK8AP UT WOS:000338649800038 PM 25008525 ER PT J AU Xiong, L Kendrick, LL Heusser, H Webb, JC Sparks, BJ Goetz, JT Guo, W Stafford, CM Blanton, MD Nazarenko, S Patton, DL AF Xiong, Li Kendrick, Laken L. Heusser, Hannele Webb, Jamie C. Sparks, Bradley J. Goetz, James T. Guo, Wei Stafford, Christopher M. Blanton, Michael D. Nazarenko, Sergei Patton, Derek L. TI Spray-Deposition and Photopolymerization of Organic-Inorganic Thiol-ene Resins for Fabrication of Superamphiphobic Surfaces SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE superamphiphobic; superoleophobic; photopolymerization; thiol-ene; bioinspired; spray-deposited ID SUPEROLEOPHOBIC SURFACES; SUPERHYDROPHOBIC SURFACE; COATINGS; ROBUST; FILMS; RESISTANCE; POLYMER; DESIGN; WETTABILITY; PARTICLES AB Superamphiphobic surfaces, exhibiting high contact angles and low contact angle hysteresis to both water and low surface tension liquids, have attracted a great deal attention in recent years because of the potential of these materials in practical applications such as liquid-resistant textiles, self-cleaning surfaces, and antifouling/anticorrosion coatings. In this work, we present a simple strategy for fabricating of superamphiphobic coatings based on photopolymerization of hybrid thiol-ene resins. Spray-deposition and UV photopolymerization of thiol-ene resins containing hydrophobic silica nanoparticles and perfluorinated thiols provide a multiscale topography and low-energy surface that endows the surface with superamphiphobicity. The wettability and chemical composition of the surfaces were characterized by contact-angle goniometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The hierarchical roughness features of the thiol-ene surfaces were investigated with field-emission scanning electron microscopy. Droplet impact and sandpaper abrasion tests indicate the coatings respectively possess a robust antiwetting behavior and good mechanical durability. C1 [Xiong, Li; Kendrick, Laken L.; Heusser, Hannele; Webb, Jamie C.; Sparks, Bradley J.; Goetz, James T.; Guo, Wei; Blanton, Michael D.; Nazarenko, Sergei; Patton, Derek L.] Univ So Mississippi, Sch Polymers & High Performance Mat, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Patton, DL (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Sch Polymers & High Performance Mat, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM derek.patton@usm.edu RI Patton, Derek/E-8241-2013; guo, wei/B-9315-2016; OI Patton, Derek/0000-0002-8738-4750; guo, wei/0000-0001-7372-4956 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1041853, DMR-1056817]; U.S. Department of Education GAANN Fellowship Program [P200A120118] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (DMR-1041853 and CAREER Award DMR-1056817). B.S. acknowledges the U.S. Department of Education GAANN Fellowship Program (Award P200A120118) for financial support. NR 62 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 11 U2 122 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD JUL 9 PY 2014 VL 6 IS 13 BP 10763 EP 10774 DI 10.1021/am502691g PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AL2UB UT WOS:000338979900101 PM 24911278 ER PT J AU Kim, H Shen, TC Roy-Choudhury, K Solomon, GS Waks, E AF Kim, Hyochul Shen, Thomas C. Roy-Choudhury, Kaushik Solomon, Glenn S. Waks, Edo TI Resonant Interactions between a Mollow Triplet Sideband and a Strongly Coupled Cavity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-DOT; FLUORESCENCE; JUMPS; SPECTROSCOPY AB We demonstrate resonant coupling of a Mollow triplet sideband to an optical cavity in the strong coupling regime. We show that, in this regime, the resonant sideband is strongly enhanced relative to the detuned sideband. Furthermore, the linewidth of the Mollow sidebands exhibits a highly nonlinear pump power dependence when tuned across the cavity resonance due to strong resonant interactions with the cavity mode. We compare our results to calculations using the effective phonon master equation and show that the nonlinear linewidth behavior is caused by strong coherent interaction with the cavity mode that exists only when the Mollow sideband is near cavity resonance. C1 [Kim, Hyochul; Shen, Thomas C.; Roy-Choudhury, Kaushik; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kim, Hyochul; Shen, Thomas C.; Roy-Choudhury, Kaushik; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM edowaks@umd.edu FU ARO MURI [W911NF09104]; Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute; DARPA Defense Science Office [W31P4Q0910013]; ONR Applied Electromagnetics Center; NSF CAREER award [ECCS. 0846494]; DARPA Young Faculty Award [N660011114121] FX We would like to acknowledge S. Hughes for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the ARO MURI on hybrid quantum interactions (Grant No. W911NF09104), the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute, a DARPA Defense Science Office grant (Grant No. W31P4Q0910013), and the ONR Applied Electromagnetics Center. E. W. would like to acknowledge support from an NSF CAREER award (Grant No. ECCS. 0846494) and a DARPA Young Faculty Award (Grant No. N660011114121). NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 8 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 2 AR 027403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.027403 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AL4QT UT WOS:000339118300013 PM 25062230 ER PT J AU Beers, KM Wong, DT Jackson, AJ Wang, X Pople, JA Hexemer, A Balsara, NP AF Beers, Keith M. Wong, David T. Jackson, Andrew J. Wang, Xin Pople, John A. Hexemer, Alexander Balsara, Nitash P. TI Effect of Crystallization on Proton Transport in Model Polymer Electrolyte Membranes SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SEMICRYSTALLINE DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; OXYETHYLENE/OXYBUTYLENE DIBLOCK; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; HUMID AIR; PHASE; CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSITIONS; DIMENSIONS; KINETICS; BEHAVIOR AB Polymer electrolyte membranes with bicontinuous microphases comprising soft hydrated domains and mechanically robust hydrophobic domains are used in a wide range of electrochemical devices induding fuel cells and electrolyzers. The self-assembly, water uptake, and proton conductivity of model block copolymer electrolytes with semicrystalline hydrophobic blocks were investigated. A series of sulfonated polystyrene-block-polyethylene (PSS-PE) copolymers were synthesized to probe the interplay between crystallization, morphology, hydration, and proton transport. In block copolymer systems with amorphous hydrophobic blocks, it has been shown that higher water update and proton conductivity are obtained in low molecular weight systems. However, crystallization is known to disrupt the self-assembly of low molecular weight block copolymers. We found that this disruption results in lower water uptake and proton conductivity. Increasing molecular weight results in less morphological disruption and improvement in performance. C1 [Beers, Keith M.] Exponent, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Beers, Keith M.; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wong, David T.; Jackson, Andrew J.; Wang, Xin; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hexemer, Alexander] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Beers, Keith M.; Wong, David T.; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wong, David T.] Exponent, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Jackson, Andrew J.] European Spallat Source ESS AB, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Jackson, Andrew J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Jackson, Andrew J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pople, John A.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Balsara, NP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nbalsara@berkeley.edu RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008 OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Primary funding for the work was provided by the Electron Microscopy of Soft Matter Program from the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. SAXS experiments were performed at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) and the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL). The ALS is a DOE national user facility and is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under the same contract. SSRL is a Directorate of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Stanford University. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, materials, suppliers and software are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 8 PY 2014 VL 47 IS 13 BP 4330 EP 4336 DI 10.1021/ma500298w PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AL0GW UT WOS:000338806400021 ER PT J AU Levin, I Krayzman, V Tucker, MG Woicik, JC AF Levin, I. Krayzman, V. Tucker, M. G. Woicik, J. C. TI Local structure underlying anomalous tetragonal distortions in BiFeO3-PbTiO3 ferroelectrics (vol 104, 242913, 2014) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 [Levin, I.; Krayzman, V.; Woicik, J. C.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tucker, M. G.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Levin, I (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Tucker, Matt/C-9867-2016 OI Tucker, Matt/0000-0002-2891-7086 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 1 AR 019901 DI 10.1063/1.4889876 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AM2FK UT WOS:000339664900111 ER PT J AU Li, HT Zhu, H Yuan, H You, L Richter, CA Kopanski, JJ Zhao, EH Li, QL AF Li, Haitao Zhu, Hao Yuan, Hui You, Lin Richter, Curt A. Kopanski, Joseph J. Zhao, Erhai Li, Qiliang TI SnTe field effect transistors and the anomalous electrical response of structural phase transition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; INSULATORS; CAPACITORS; SRTIO3; PBTE AB SnTe is a conventional thermoelectric material and has been newly found to be a topological crystalline insulator. In this work, back-gate SnTe field-effect transistors have been fabricated and fully characterized. The devices exhibit n-type transistor behaviors with excellent current-voltage characteristics and large on/off ratio (>10(6)). The device threshold voltage, conductance, mobility, and subthreshold swing have been studied and compared at different temperatures. It is found that the subthreshold swings as a function of temperature have an apparent response to the SnTe phase transition between cubic and rhombohedral structures at 110 K. The abnormal and rapid increase in subthreshold swing around the phase transition temperature may be due to the soft phonon/structure change which causes the large increase in SnTe dielectric constant. Such an interesting and remarkable electrical response to phase transition at different temperatures makes the small SnTe transistor attractive for various electronic devices. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Li, Haitao; Zhu, Hao; Yuan, Hui; You, Lin; Kopanski, Joseph J.; Li, Qiliang] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Li, Haitao; Zhu, Hao; Yuan, Hui; Richter, Curt A.; Li, Qiliang] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Erhai] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Li, HT (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM haitao.li@nist.gov; qli6@gmu.edu RI Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015; Zhao, Erhai/B-3463-2010 OI Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695; Zhao, Erhai/0000-0001-8954-1601 FU US NSF [ECCS-0846649]; Virginia Microelectronics Consortium Research Grant FX The authors thank Dr. David Gundlach, Dr. Hyuk-Jae Jang, Wei Li, and Dr. James Basham at NIST for their help on low temperature measurement. The work described here was supported by in part by US NSF Grant ECCS-0846649 and Virginia Microelectronics Consortium Research Grant. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 50 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 1 AR 013503 DI 10.1063/1.4887055 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AM2FK UT WOS:000339664900087 ER PT J AU Chen, WC Gentile, TR Ye, Q Walker, TG Babcock, E AF Chen, W. C. Gentile, T. R. Ye, Q. Walker, T. G. Babcock, E. TI On the limits of spin-exchange optical pumping of He-3 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING INSTRUMENTS; POLARIZATION ANALYSIS; FILTERS; GAS; GRATINGS; ARRAYS; NIST; RB AB We have obtained improvement in the 3 He polarization achievable by spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP). These results were primarily obtained in large neutron spin filter cells using diode bar lasers spectrally narrowed with chirped volume holographic gratings. As compared to our past results with lasers narrowed with diffraction gratings, we have observed between 5% and 11% fractional increase in the 3 He polarization P-He. We also report a comparable improvement in P-He for two small cells, for which we would not have expected an increase from improved laser performance. In particular, prior extensive studies had indicated that the alkali-metal polarization was within 3% of unity in one of these cells. These results have impact on understanding the maximum P-He achievable by SEOP, whether the origin of the improvement is from increased alkali-metal polarization or decreased temperature-dependent relaxation. We conclude that the most likely explanation for the improvement in P-He is increased alkali-metal polarization. We have observed P-He of between 0.80 and 0.85 in several large cells, which marks a new precedent for the polarization achievable by SEOP. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Chen, W. C.; Ye, Q.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chen, W. C.; Gentile, T. R.; Ye, Q.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Walker, T. G.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Babcock, E.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Juelich Ctr Neutron Sci FRM 2, D-85747 Garching, Germany. RP Chen, WC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM wcchen@nist.gov RI Walker, Thad/N-5590-2014; Babcock, Earl/E-6700-2011 OI Walker, Thad/0000-0002-0996-3351; Babcock, Earl/0000-0002-4215-2075 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX We thank S. Watson, B. Maranville, R. W. Erwin, and M. G. Huber for assistance with neutron measurements, and J. A. Anderson and J. Fuller for fabrication of the 3He cells. The development and application of neutron spin filters has been supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences. The work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 33 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 7 PY 2014 VL 116 IS 1 AR 014903 DI 10.1063/1.4886583 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AM1QB UT WOS:000339621400065 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Liu, KH Harriger, L Leao, JB Chen, SH AF Wang, Zhe Liu, Kao-Hsiang Harriger, Leland Leao, Juscelino B. Chen, Sow-Hsin TI Evidence of the existence of the high-density and low-density phases in deeply-cooled confined heavy water under high pressures SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID CRITICAL-POINT; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; AMORPHOUS ICE; GLASSY WATER; SUPERCOOLED WATER; TRANSITION; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR AB The average density of D2O confined in a nanoporous silica matrix (MCM-41-S) is studied with neutron scattering. We find that below similar to 210 K, the pressure-temperature plane of the system can be divided into two regions. The average density of the confined D2O in the higher-pressure region is about 16% larger than that in the lower-pressure region. These two regions could represent the so-called "low-density liquid" and "high-density liquid" phases. The dividing line of these two regions, which could represent the associated 1st order liquid-liquid transition line, is also determined. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Wang, Zhe; Liu, Kao-Hsiang; Chen, Sow-Hsin] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Liu, Kao-Hsiang] Acad Sinica, Inst Atom & Mol Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Harriger, Leland; Leao, Juscelino B.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, SH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM sowhsin@mit.edu OI Wang, Zhe/0000-0003-4103-0751 FU DOE [DE-FG02-90ER45429]; National Science Council of Taiwan, "New Partnership Program for the Connection to the Top Labs in the World" FX The research at MIT was supported by DOE grant DE-FG02-90ER45429. K. H. L. is sponsored by the National Science Council of Taiwan, "New Partnership Program for the Connection to the Top Labs in the World." We acknowledge the support of US Department of Commerce in providing the SPINS at NCNR used in this work. Z.W. thanks Professor Yang Zhang for his helpful advices. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 7 PY 2014 VL 141 IS 1 AR 014501 DI 10.1063/1.4885844 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AM1QG UT WOS:000339622000023 PM 25005293 ER PT J AU Peter, SC Subbarao, U Rayaprol, S Martin, JB Balasubramanian, M Malliakas, CD Kanatzidis, MG AF Peter, Sebastian C. Subbarao, Udumula Rayaprol, Sudhindra Martin, Joshua B. Balasubramanian, Mahalingarn Malliakas, Christos D. Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. TI Flux Growth of Yb6.6Ir6Sn16 Having Mixed-Valent Ytterbium SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY ABSORPTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; TERNARY STANNIDES; HIGH-PRESSURE; RARE-EARTH; YB; INTERMETALLICS; SYSTEMS AB The compound Yb6.6Ir6Sn16 was obtained as single crystals in high yield from the reaction of Yb with Ir and Sn run in excess indium. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis shows that Yb6.6Ir6Sn16 crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P42/nmc with a = b = 9.7105(7) angstrom and c = 13.7183(11) angstrom. The crystal structure is composed of a [Ir6Sn16] polyanionic network with cages in which the Yb atoms are embedded. The Yb sublattice features extensive vacancies on one crystallographic site. Magnetic susceptibility measurements on single crystals indicate Curie-Weiss law behavior <100 K with no magnetic ordering down to 2 K. The magnetic moment within the linear region (<100 K) is 3.21 mu(B)/Yb, which is similar to 70% of the expected value for a free Yb3+ ion suggesting the presence of mixed-valent ytterbium atoms. X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy confirms that Yb6.6Ir6Sn16 exhibits mixed valence. Resistivity and heat capacity measurements for Yb6.6Ir6Sn16 indicate non-Fermi liquid metallic behavior. C1 [Peter, Sebastian C.; Subbarao, Udumula] Jawaharlal Nehru Ctr Adv Sci Res, New Chem Unit, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India. [Rayaprol, Sudhindra] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, UGC DAE Consortium Sci Res, Mumbai Ctr, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. [Martin, Joshua B.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Balasubramanian, Mahalingarn] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Malliakas, Christos D.; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Malliakas, Christos D.; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Peter, SC (reprint author), Jawaharlal Nehru Ctr Adv Sci Res, New Chem Unit, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India. EM sebastiancp@jncasr.ac.in; m-kanatzidis@northwestern.edu FU Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research; Department of Science and Technology (DST) [SR/S2/RJN-24/2010]; Sheikh Saqr Laboratory; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research; DST; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Financial support from Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Department of Science and Technology (DST) (Grant SR/S2/RJN-24/2010) and Sheikh Saqr Laboratory is gratefully acknowledged. U.S. thanks Council of Scientific and Industrial Research for a research fellowship, and S.C.P. thanks DST for a Ramanujan Fellowship. PNC/XSD facilities and research at these facilities are supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and its founding institutions. At Argonne work is supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 7 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 13 BP 6615 EP 6623 DI 10.1021/ic500204t PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA AK9LH UT WOS:000338748100027 PM 24921221 ER PT J AU Barin, G Krungleviciute, V Gutov, O Hupp, JT Yildirim, T Farha, OK AF Barin, Gokhan Krungleviciute, Vaiva Gutov, Oleksii Hupp, Joseph T. Yildirim, Taner Farha, Omar K. TI Defect Creation by Linker Fragmentation in Metal-Organic Frameworks and Its Effects on Gas Uptake Properties SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COORDINATION COPOLYMER; ISORETICULAR SERIES; LIGAND-EXCHANGE; METHANE STORAGE; MOF PLATFORM; SURFACE-AREA; THIN-FILMS; FUNCTIONALIZATION; ADSORPTION; SEPARATIONS AB We successfully demonstrate an approach based on linker fragmentation to create defects and tune the pore volumes and surface areas of two metal-organic frameworks, NU-125 and HKUST-1, both of which feature copper paddlewheel nodes. Depending on the linker fragment composition, the defect can be either a vacant site or a functional group that the original linker does not have. In the first case, we show that both surface area and pore volume increase, while in the second case they decrease. The effect of defects on the high-pressure gas uptake is also studied over a large temperature and pressure range for different gases. We found that despite an increase in pore volume and surface area in structures with vacant sites, the absolute adsorption for methane decreases for HKUST-1 and slightly increases for NU-125. However, the working capacity (deliverable amount between 65 and 5 bar) in both cases remains similar to parent frameworks due to lower uptakes at low pressures. In the case of NU-125, the effect of defects became more pronounced at lower temperatures, reflecting the greater surface areas and pore volumes of the altered forms. C1 [Barin, Gokhan; Gutov, Oleksii; Hupp, Joseph T.; Farha, Omar K.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Krungleviciute, Vaiva; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krungleviciute, Vaiva; Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Farha, Omar K.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Chem, Fac Sci, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia. RP Hupp, JT (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM j-hupp@northwestern.edu; taner@seas.upenn.edu; o-farha@northwestern.edu RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER46522]; DOE ARPA-E; Stanford Global Climate and Energy Project FX T.Y. acknowledges the support by the U.S. Department of Energy through Basic Energy Sciences Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46522. The Northwestern group gratefully acknowledges DOE ARPA-E and the Stanford Global Climate and Energy Project for support of work relevant to CH4 and CO2, respectively. NR 52 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 73 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 7 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 13 BP 6914 EP 6919 DI 10.1021/ic500722n PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA AK9LH UT WOS:000338748100058 PM 24903856 ER PT J AU Xu, JG Wang, XM Fu, H Brown, CM Jing, XP Liao, FH Lu, FQ Li, XH Kuang, XJ Wu, MM AF Xu, Jungu Wang, Xiaoming Fu, Hui Brown, Craig M. Jing, Xiping Liao, Fuhui Lu, Fengqi Li, Xiaohui Kuang, Xiaojun Wu, Mingmei TI Solid-State Si-29 NMR and Neutron-Diffraction Studies of Sr0.7K0.3SiO2.85 Oxide Ion Conductors SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; FUEL-CELLS; DIFFUSION PATH; CONDUCTIVITY; SILICATES; MELILITE; ELECTROLYTE; MECHANISMS; MIGRATION; TRANSPORT AB K/Na-doped SrSiO3-based oxide ion conductors were recently reported as promising candidates for low-temperature solid-oxide fuel cells. Sr0.7K0.3SiO2.85, close to the solid-solution limit of Sr1-xKxSiO3-0.5x, was characterized by solid-state Si-29 NMR spectroscopy and neutron powder diffraction (NPD). Differing with the average structure containing the vacancies stabilized within the isolated Si3O9 tetrahedral rings derived from the NPD study, the (29Si) NMR data provides new insight into the local defect structure in Sr0.7K0.3SiO2.85. The Q(1)-linked tetrahedral Si signal in the Si-29 NME. data suggests that the Si3O9 tetrahedral rings in the K-doped SrSiO3 materials were broken, forming Si3O8 chains. The Si3O8 chains can be stabilized by either bonding with the oxygen atoms of the absorbed lattice water molecules, leading to the Q(1)-linked tetrahedral Si, or sharing oxygen atoms with neighboring Si3O9 units, which is consistent with the Q(3)-linked tetrahedral Si signal detected in the Si-29 NMR spectra. C1 [Xu, Jungu; Kuang, Xiaojun; Wu, Mingmei] Sun Yat Sen Univ, MOE Key Lab Bioinorgan & Synthet Chem, State Key Lab Optoelect Mat & Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Wang, Xiaoming; Fu, Hui; Jing, Xiping; Liao, Fuhui] Peking Univ, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, State Key Lab Rare Earth Mat Chem & Applicat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Brown, Craig M.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Lu, Fengqi; Li, Xiaohui; Kuang, Xiaojun] Guilin Univ Technol, Guangxi Minist Prov Jointly Constructed Cultivat, MOE Key Lab New Proc Technol Nonferrous Met & Mat, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Guilin 541004, Peoples R China. RP Kuang, XJ (reprint author), Guilin Univ Technol, Guangxi Minist Prov Jointly Constructed Cultivat, MOE Key Lab New Proc Technol Nonferrous Met & Mat, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Guilin 541004, Peoples R China. EM kuangxj@glut.edu.cn; ceswmm@mail.sysu.edu.cn RI Kuang, Xiaojun/K-4129-2013; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 FU National Science Foundation of China [21101174]; Chinese Ministry of Education [213030A]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-13-0752]; Guilin University of Technology; Chinese Ministry of Education Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Scholars FX This work is funded by National Science Foundation of China (No. 21101174), the Research Project (No. 213030A) of Chinese Ministry of Education, and Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No. NCET-13-0752). Thanks are also given to Guilin University of Technology and Chinese Ministry of Education Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Scholars for the Start-up Funds. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 60 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 7 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 13 BP 6962 EP 6968 DI 10.1021/ic500891j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA AK9LH UT WOS:000338748100064 PM 24903712 ER PT J AU Sydeman, WJ Garcia-Reyes, M Schoeman, DS Rykaczewski, RR Thompson, SA Black, BA Bograd, SJ AF Sydeman, W. J. Garcia-Reyes, M. Schoeman, D. S. Rykaczewski, R. R. Thompson, S. A. Black, B. A. Bograd, S. J. TI Climate change and wind intensification in coastal upwelling ecosystems SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT; OCEAN VARIABILITY; TRENDS; PACIFIC; FUTURE AB In 1990, Andrew Bakun proposed that increasing greenhouse gas concentrations would force intensification of upwelling-favorable winds in eastern boundary current systems that contribute substantial services to society. Because there is considerable disagreement about whether contemporary wind trends support Bakun's hypothesis, we performed a meta-analysis of the literature on upwelling-favorable wind intensification. The preponderance of published analyses suggests that winds have intensified in the California, Benguela, and Humboldt upwelling systems and weakened in the Iberian system over time scales ranging up to 60 years; wind change is equivocal in the Canary system. Stronger intensification signals are observed at higher latitudes, consistent with the warming pattern associated with climate change. Overall, reported changes in coastal winds, although subtle and spatially variable, support Bakun's hypothesis of upwelling intensification in eastern boundary current systems. C1 [Sydeman, W. J.; Garcia-Reyes, M.; Thompson, S. A.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Schoeman, D. S.] Univ Sunshine Coast, Fac Sci Hlth Educ & Engn, Maroochydore, Qld 4558, Australia. [Rykaczewski, R. R.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Rykaczewski, R. R.] Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Thompson, S. A.] Univ Washington, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Black, B. A.] Univ Texas Richardson, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Bograd, S. J.] NOAA, Environm Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Sydeman, WJ (reprint author), Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Suite Q,101 H St, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. EM wsydeman@comcast.net RI Black, Bryan/A-7057-2009; Rykaczewski, Ryan/A-8625-2016; OI Rykaczewski, Ryan/0000-0001-8893-872X; Schoeman, David/0000-0003-1258-0885 FU NSF [1130125]; NOAA's Environmental Research Division; Australian Research Council's Collaborative Research Network FX Support for this study was provided by NSF award no. 1130125, NOAA's Environmental Research Division, and donors to the Farallon Institute. D.S. was supported by the Australian Research Council's Collaborative Research Network. The data reported in this paper are tabulated in the supplementary materials; electronic files of the tabulated data are available upon request from the senior author and at www.faralloninstitute.org. NR 25 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 19 U2 131 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 4 PY 2014 VL 345 IS 6192 BP 77 EP 80 DI 10.1126/science.1251635 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AK2XU UT WOS:000338284400053 PM 24994651 ER PT J AU Fleisher, AJ Bjork, BJ Bui, TQ Cossel, KC Okumura, M Ye, J AF Fleisher, Adam J. Bjork, Bryce J. Bui, Thinh Q. Cossel, Kevin C. Okumura, Mitchio Ye, Jun TI Mid-Infrared Time-Resolved Frequency Comb Spectroscopy of Transient Free Radicals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRIEGEE INTERMEDIATE CH2OO; INFRARED-ABSORPTION SPECTRUM; CAVITY RINGDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; ACRYLIC-ACID; 193 NM; DYNAMICS; PHOTODISSOCIATION; HOCO; ULTRAVIOLET; CHEMISTRY AB We demonstrate time-resolved frequency comb spectroscopy (TRFCS), a new broadband absorption spectroscopy technique for the study of trace free radicals on the microsecond timescale. We apply TRFCS to study the time-resolved, mid-infrared absorption of the deuterated hydroxyformyl radical trans-DOCO, an important short-lived intermediate along the OD + CO reaction path. Directly after photolysis of the chemical precursor acrylic acid-d(1), we measure absolute trans-DOCO product concentrations with a sensitivity of 5 X 10(10) cm(-3) and observe its subsequent loss with a time resolution of 25 mu s. The multiplexed nature of TRFCS allows us to detect simultaneously the time-dependent concentration of several other photoproducts and thus unravel primary and secondary chemical reaction pathways. C1 [Fleisher, Adam J.; Bjork, Bryce J.; Cossel, Kevin C.; Ye, Jun] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fleisher, Adam J.; Bjork, Bryce J.; Cossel, Kevin C.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fleisher, Adam J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bui, Thinh Q.; Okumura, Mitchio] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Arthur Amos Noyes Lab Chem Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Fleisher, AJ (reprint author), NIST, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM adam.fleisher@nist.gov; mo@caltech.edu; ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Okumura, Mitchio/I-3326-2013; Fleisher, Adam/A-4215-2012 OI Okumura, Mitchio/0000-0001-6874-1137; Fleisher, Adam/0000-0001-9216-0607 FU NIST; NSF; NASA; AFOSR; DTRA; National Research Council FX We thank Keeyoon Sung of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for providing a list of D2O mid-IR line positions and intensities measured by Robert A. Toth of JPL. We are grateful to Scott A. Diddams of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Tim Dinneen of Precision Photonics for providing the mid-IR VIPA etalon used in this work. We also thank Brad Baxley for artistic contributions to Figure 1 and acknowledge financial support from NIST, NSF, NASA, AFOSR, and DTRA. Adam J. Fleisher was supported by a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship and Thinh Bui by a NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship. NR 39 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 9 U2 80 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 2014 VL 5 IS 13 BP 2241 EP 2246 DI 10.1021/jz5008559 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AK8QN UT WOS:000338693200013 PM 26279541 ER PT J AU Gutt, C Grodd, L Mikayelyan, E Pietsch, U Kline, RJ Grigorian, S AF Gutt, Christian Grodd, Linda Mikayelyan, Eduard Pietsch, Ullrich Kline, R. Joseph Grigorian, Souren TI Local Orientational Structure of a P3HT pi-pi Conjugated Network Investigated by X-ray Nanodiffraction SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; REGIOREGULAR POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); CHARGE-TRANSPORT; MOBILITY; POLYMERS AB We employed nanobeam X-ray diffraction using an X-ray spot size of 150 nm to investigate the local structure of P3HT thin films. We derived nanoscale real space maps of the X-ray diffraction properties at the pi-pi (020) diffraction peak. The X-ray data reveal a complex nanoscale structure of the polymer network with strong local variation where some areas of the film display a rather high degree of angular order. We quantify both the magnitude and direction of the angular order. Our results provide new insights into the local structural properties and connectivity of P3HT films. C1 [Gutt, Christian; Grodd, Linda; Mikayelyan, Eduard; Pietsch, Ullrich; Grigorian, Souren] Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. [Kline, R. Joseph] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gutt, C (reprint author), Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, Walter Flex Str 3, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. EM christian.gutt@uni-siegen.de; grigorian@physik.uni-siegen.de RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008 FU BMBF [05K10PSC] FX The authors thank the BMBF (Project No. 05K10PSC) for financial support and E. Di Cola and M. Burghammer for their help with the X-ray transmission measurements at beamline ID13 (ESRF, Grenoble, France). NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 2014 VL 5 IS 13 BP 2335 EP 2339 DI 10.1021/jz500757p PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AK8QN UT WOS:000338693200028 PM 26279556 ER PT J AU Dzuba, VA Safronova, MS Safronova, UI AF Dzuba, V. A. Safronova, M. S. Safronova, U. I. TI Atomic properties of superheavy elements No, Lr, and Rf SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION ENERGIES; HEAVIEST ELEMENTS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; GROUND-STATE; LAWRENCIUM; YTTERBIUM; RUTHERFORDIUM; CONFIGURATION; LUTETIUM AB The combination of the configuration interaction method and all-order single-double coupled-cluster technique is used to calculate excitation energies, ionization potentials, and static dipole polarizabilities of superheavy elements nobelium, lawrencium, and rutherfordium. Breit and quantum electrodynamic corrections are also included. The results for the superheavy elements are compared with earlier calculations where available. Similar calculations for lighter analogs, ytterbium, lutetium, and hafnium, are used to study the accuracy of the calculations. The estimated uncertainties of the final results are discussed. C1 [Dzuba, V. A.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Safronova, U. I.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Safronova, U. I.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Dzuba, VA (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. FU Australian Research Council; USA NSF [PHY-1212442] FX The work was supported in part by the Australian Research Council and by USA NSF Grant No. PHY-1212442. NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 3 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 1 AR 012504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.012504 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AK5UI UT WOS:000338491500003 ER PT J AU Tassey, G AF Tassey, Gregory TI Innovation in innovation policy management: The Experimental Technology Incentives Program and the policy experiment SO SCIENCE AND PUBLIC POLICY LA English DT Article DE venture capital; securities regulation; economic analysis; innovation policy AB The Experimental Technology Incentives Program (ETIP) was conceived by the White House in the early 1970s as an innovative response to the perception that the productivity of federally funded R&D needed to be improved. The program conducted studies and 'policy experiments' with US government agencies during the period 1972-80 to develop and demonstrate the use of experiments as a tool for managing innovation policy development. The objective was to provide government agencies with a low-risk and effective policy tool, specifically to provide substantial information on the expected performance of a proposed change before making a full-implementation decision. However, such a sophisticated approach was ahead of both a broad recognition of the need for more efficient policy development tools and the internal government capabilities to effectively use this policy development instrument. Thus, ETIP was terminated after 10 years of operation. C1 US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Econ Anal Off, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tassey, G (reprint author), US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Econ Anal Off, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gtassey@outlook.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0302-3427 EI 1471-5430 J9 SCI PUBL POLICY JI Sci. Public Policy PD JUL PY 2014 VL 41 IS 4 BP 419 EP 424 DI 10.1093/scipol/sct060 PG 6 WC Management; Planning & Development; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA AW1FT UT WOS:000346036500003 ER PT J AU Brewitt, KS Danner, EM AF Brewitt, Kim S. Danner, Eric M. TI Spatio-temporal temperature variation influences juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) use of thermal refuges SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE diel temperature variation; Klamath River; Oncorhynchus mykiss; radio telemetry; spatio-temporal variation; steelhead; temperature; thermal refuges; thermal tolerance ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; KLAMATH RIVER; WATER TEMPERATURE; CHINOOK SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; ENVELOPE MODELS; CUTTHROAT TROUT AB Thermal refuges form potentially critical habitat for species at the limits of their thermal tolerance, especially given large-scale habitat degradation and rising temperatures across ecosystems. The Klamath River is a highly altered system where summer mainstem temperatures reach levels that are physiologically stressful to threatened Pacific salmonid populations, making thermal refuges critical for over-summer survival when temperatures near upper thermal thresholds. Small changes in water temperature can have a large effect on salmonid growth and survival, and therefore fine-scale spatio-temporal temperature variation could influence when and where refuges are important for both individual survival and population persistence. In this study, we combined monitoring of environmental variables with measures of fish temperature (a proxy for refuge use) to quantify juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) use of thermal refuges. We used a logistic mixed effects model to determine the relative influence of instantaneous mainstem temperature and flow, sub-daily temperature variation, body size, and time of day on steelhead refuge use. Mainstem temperature was the strongest predictor of refuge use; the majority (>80%) of juvenile steelhead moved into refuges when mainstem temperatures reached 22-23 degrees C, and all fish moved in by 25 degrees C. Fish were more likely to use refuges with increased diel mainstem temperature variation and larger temperature differential between the mainstem and tributary. In addition, steelhead exhibited a distinct diel behavioral shift in refuge use that varied with body size; smaller juveniles (similar to 160 mm) were much more likely to use refuges during the night than day, whereas larger juveniles (similar to 210 mm) exhibited a much less pronounced diel behavioral shift. Given impacts of watershed alteration and climate change and the growing importance of refuge habitat, these findings suggest that species persistence may depend on extremely fine-scale spatial and temporal temperature dynamics. C1 [Brewitt, Kim S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Brewitt, Kim S.; Danner, Eric M.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Brewitt, KS (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM kbrewitt@ucsc.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program; NOAA [NA07NMF4540337]; NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Science Center; Friends of Long Marine Lab Student Research Award; Davis Scholarship Fund; UC Santa Cruz Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department; Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust FX We thank Kirstin Holsman, Pete Raimondi, Nate Mantua, and David Huff for discussions regarding data analysis, as well as Mark Carr and Jonathan Moore for helpful comments on this manuscript. We also thank the many individuals who helped with fieldwork, including Kacey Munson, Jeremy Notch, Michael Beakes, Kyle Swann, Jordan Sheffield, and the Karuk Tribe field crews. We thank the U.S. G. S. for loaning several radio receivers used for the project, and Jon Grunbaum for providing some of the water temperature data used in this work. Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program, NOAA Grant NA07NMF4540337, and NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Science Center. Additional support was provided by Friends of Long Marine Lab Student Research Award, the Davis Scholarship Fund, the UC Santa Cruz Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, and the Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust. NR 78 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 33 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUL PY 2014 VL 5 IS 7 AR 92 DI 10.1890/ES14-00036.1 PG 26 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT7DJ UT WOS:000345096600015 ER PT J AU Golmie, N Smith, S Tong, L Dominguez-Garcia, A Roy, S Misic, J Rajagopal, R AF Golmie, Nada Smith, Sean Tong, Lang Dominguez-Garcia, Alejandro Roy, Sumit Misic, Jelena Rajagopal, Ram TI Guest Editorial for the Special Series on Smart Grid Communications SO IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Golmie, Nada] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Smith, Sean] Darthmouth Univ, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Tong, Lang] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Dominguez-Garcia, Alejandro] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Roy, Sumit] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Misic, Jelena] Ryerson Univ, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada. [Rajagopal, Ram] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Golmie, N (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8716 EI 1558-0008 J9 IEEE J SEL AREA COMM JI IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1309 EP 1311 DI 10.1109/JSAC.2014.2332011 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AQ6II UT WOS:000342913600001 ER PT J AU Mallary, M Srinivasan, K Bertero, G Wolf, D Kaiser, C Chaplin, M Elliott, C Pakala, M Leng, QW Liu, F Wang, YM Silva, TJ Shaw, JM Nembach, HT AF Mallary, Mike Srinivasan, Kumar Bertero, Gerardo Wolf, Dan Kaiser, Christian Chaplin, Michael Elliott, Carl Pakala, Mahendra Leng, Qunwen Liu, Francis Wang, Yiming Silva, Tom J. Shaw, Justin M. Nembach, Hans T. TI Head and Media Challenges for 3 Tb/in(2) Microwave-Assisted Magnetic Recording SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE Damping; field generating layer; microwave-assisted magnetic recording (MAMR); spin torque oscillator (STO) ID WRITE FIELD; OSCILLATOR AB A specific design for microwave assisted magnetic recording (MAMR) at about 3 Tb/in(2) (0.47 Tb/cm(2) or 4.7 Pb/m(2)) is discussed in detail to highlight the challenges of MAMR and to contrast its requirements with conventional perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR). In particular, it has been determined that MAMR-optimized media should have: higher damping than today's PMR media upon which ferromagnetic resonance measurements are reported, very low intergranular exchange coupling, and somewhat stronger layer to layer exchange coupling. It was found that with exchange-coupled composite type media (i.e., graded anisotropy with controlled exchange), a spin torque oscillator in the write gap of a wider shielded pole cannot adequately define the written track at high track density. Adequate lateral field gradient, however, is achieved by modifying the pole tip geometry. Other details of this conceptual design are also discussed. C1 [Mallary, Mike; Srinivasan, Kumar; Bertero, Gerardo; Wolf, Dan; Kaiser, Christian; Chaplin, Michael; Elliott, Carl; Pakala, Mahendra; Leng, Qunwen; Liu, Francis] Western Digital Corp, San Jose, CA 95138 USA. [Wang, Yiming] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Silva, Tom J.; Shaw, Justin M.; Nembach, Hans T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wang, Yiming] Headway Technol Inc, Milpitas, CA 95035 USA. [Pakala, Mahendra] Appl Mat Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. RP Mallary, M (reprint author), Western Digital Corp, San Jose, CA 95138 USA. EM mikemal-lary@verizon.net RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 EI 1941-0069 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 50 IS 7 AR 3001008 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2014.2305693 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA AQ7XY UT WOS:000343035000002 ER PT J AU Knight, A Lindholm, J DeVogelaere, A Watson, F AF Knight, Ashley Lindholm, James DeVogelaere, Andrew Watson, Fred TI An Approach to the Collection, Processing, and Analysis of Towed Camera Video Imagery for Marine Resource Management SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE towed camera; video imagery; seafloor; conservation monitoring; multivariate modeling ID HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; DEMERSAL FISH; CORDELL BANK; USA AB A variety of video and photographic imaging platforms are used to survey seafloor habitats and organisms beyond the effective depth of most SCUBA diving (>30m). Each platform has benefits and shortcomings, with the most frequently limiting factors being (a) access to the most advanced instruments, (b) response of organism and (c) resoultion of organism identificaiton, Here, we describe the approaches used to collect process, and analyze video imagery collected with a simple towed camera sled in the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary as part of a larger, ongoing characterization project that began in 2006. We describe the details of deployment, imagery collection, postprocessing, and analyses gleaned from hundreds of hours of underwater video. Data extracted from camera sled imagery have been analyzed using multivariate model comparison techniques and have been represented in a variety of forms to support management needs and public outreach efforts. C1 [Knight, Ashley; Lindholm, James] CSU Monterey Bay, Inst Appl Marine Ecol, Seaside, CA USA. [DeVogelaere, Andrew] Monterey Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Watson, Fred] CSU Monterey Bay, Div Sci & Environm Policy, Seaside, CA USA. RP Knight, A (reprint author), Calif State Univ, Inst Appl Marine Ecol, 100 Campus Dr,Bldg 53, Seaside, CA 93955 USA. EM aknight@csumb.edu NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 48 IS 4 SI SI BP 86 EP 95 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA AQ2YU UT WOS:000342656700013 ER PT J AU Goldberg, DN Schoof, C Sergienko, OV AF Goldberg, D. N. Schoof, C. Sergienko, O. V. TI Stick-slip motion of an Antarctic Ice Stream: The effects of viscoelasticity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID WEST ANTARCTICA; EARTHQUAKES; BEHAVIOR; FLOW; VARIABILITY; MECHANISM; GLACIER; TIDES AB Stick-slip behavior is a distinguishing characteristic of the flow of Whillans Ice Stream (Siple Coast, Antarctica). Distinct from stick slip on Northern Hemisphere glaciers, which is generally attributed to supraglacial melt, the behavior is thought be controlled by basal processes and by tidally induced stress. However, the connection between stick-slip behavior and flow of the ice stream on long time scales, if any, is not clear. To address this question we develop a new ice flow model capable of reproducing stick-slip cycles similar to ones observed on the Whillans Ice Plain. The model treats ice as a viscoelastic material and emulates the weakening and healing that are suggested to take place at the ice-till interface. The model results suggest the long-term ice stream flow that controls ice discharge to surrounding oceans is somewhat insensitive to certain aspects of stick-slip behavior, such as velocity magnitude during the slip phase and factors that regulate it (e.g., elastic modulus). Furthermore, it is found that factors controlling purely viscous flow, such as temperature, influence stick-slip contribution to long-term flow in much the same way. Additionally, we show that viscous ice deformation, traditionally disregarded in analysis of stick-slip behavior, has a strong effect on the timing of slip events and therefore should not be ignored in efforts to deduce bed properties from stick-slip observations. C1 [Goldberg, D. N.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Schoof, C.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Sergienko, O. V.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Goldberg, DN (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. EM dan.goldberg@ed.ac.uk FU NSF-OPP postdoctoral fellowship [ANT-1103375]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada Discovery Grant; Canada Research Chair; NOAA [NA13OAR431009] FX D. Goldberg was supported by an NSF-OPP postdoctoral fellowship (ANT-1103375). C. Schoof was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada Discovery Grant and a Canada Research Chair. O. Sergienko was supported by NOAA grant NA13OAR431009. We thank reviewers J. Winberry and R. Bindschadler and one anonymous reviewer, Associate Editor J. Bassis, and Editor B. Hubbard for their constructive comments. We also acknowledge J. Rice, C. Wunsch, and M. Naylor for helpful conversations in the completion of this work. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 119 IS 7 BP 1564 EP 1580 DI 10.1002/2014JF003132 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AQ1BE UT WOS:000342515600007 ER PT J AU Peruzzi, A Dobre, M van Geel, J Uytun, A Kalemci, M Uysal, E Strouse, G Ordonez, YN Davis, C AF Peruzzi, A. Dobre, M. van Geel, J. Uytun, A. Kalemci, M. Uysal, E. Strouse, G. Ordonez, Y. Nuevo Davis, C. TI Effect of Impurities on Water Triple-Point Cells SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Impurities; Raoult's law; Water triple-point cells AB Water triple-point cells are the basis for the definition of the kelvin and for the realization of the International Temperature Scale of 1990. The temperature differences between the cells are mainly caused by impurities arising in the cell water from the dissolution of the cell envelope (borosilicate glass or quartz). In order to investigate the effects of such impurities on the realized triple-point temperature, water triple-point cells doped with known amounts of Si and Na impurities ( to of Si and to of Na) were manufactured at VSL by adding gravimetric mixtures of a Si standard reference material and ultra high-purity water to the cell high-purity water. Water samples were taken from the manufactured cells, partitioned into three samples, and distributed to different laboratories for isotope and impurity analysis (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICPMS). The results of two independent ICPMS analyses were compared with impurity calculations based on the gravimetric data of the prepared mixtures and manufactured cells. One undoped cell manufactured by UME and one undoped cell manufactured by VSL were intercompared at both VSL and SMD to demonstrate the equivalence of the manufacturing processes of UME and VSL. The triple-point temperatures realized by the doped cells and the undoped cell manufactured by VSL were measured at SMD. The results showed that, in doped cells, the equilibration time after the last freezing is directly dependent on the impurity concentration, and the temperature depression of doped triple-point-of-water cells is significantly greater than the values predicted by Raoult's law for an ideal dilute solution. C1 [Peruzzi, A.; van Geel, J.] Dutch Metrol Inst, VSL, NL-2600 AR Delft, Netherlands. [Dobre, M.] FPS Econ, SMD, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Uytun, A.; Kalemci, M.; Uysal, E.] UME, TR-41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey. [Strouse, G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ordonez, Y. Nuevo; Davis, C.] NIST, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Peruzzi, A (reprint author), Dutch Metrol Inst, VSL, POB 654, NL-2600 AR Delft, Netherlands. EM aperuzzi@vsl.nl FU European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP) project "Novel Techniques for Traceable Temperature Dissemination, NOTED" FX This work was partly supported by the European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP) project "Novel Techniques for Traceable Temperature Dissemination, NOTED." NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X EI 1572-9567 J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 35 IS 6-7 SI SI BP 1084 EP 1096 DI 10.1007/s10765-014-1702-5 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA AP9YF UT WOS:000342437200010 ER PT J AU Zhang, F Wang, J Ichoku, C Hyer, EJ Yang, ZF Ge, C Su, SJ Zhang, XY Kondragunta, S Kaiser, JW Wiedinmyer, C da Silva, A AF Zhang, Feng Wang, Jun Ichoku, Charles Hyer, Edward J. Yang, Zhifeng Ge, Cui Su, Shenjian Zhang, Xiaoyang Kondragunta, Shobha Kaiser, Johannes W. Wiedinmyer, Christine da Silva, Arlindo TI Sensitivity of mesoscale modeling of smoke direct radiative effect to the emission inventory: a case study in northern sub-Saharan African region SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE fire emission inventory; Sahel and northern sub-Saharan African region; smoke radiative effect; mesoscale modeling; air quality ID TRANSPORT; AEROSOLS; AEROCOM; CLOUDS AB An ensemble approach is used to examine the sensitivity of smoke loading and smoke direct radiative effect in the atmosphere to uncertainties in smoke emission estimates. Seven different fire emission inventories are applied independently to WRF-Chem model (v3.5) with the same model configuration (excluding dust and other emission sources) over the northern sub-Saharan African (NSSA) biomass-burning region. Results for November and February 2010 are analyzed, respectively representing the start and end of the biomass burning season in the study region. For February 2010, estimates of total smoke emission vary by a factor of 12, but only differences by factors of 7 or less are found in the simulated regional (15 degrees W-42 degrees E, 13 degrees S-17 degrees N) and monthly averages of column PM2.5 loading, surface PM2.5 concentration, aerosol optical depth (AOD), smoke radiative forcing at the top-of-atmosphere and at the surface, and air temperature at 2 m and at 700 hPa. The smaller differences in these simulated variables may reflect the atmospheric diffusion and deposition effects to dampen the large difference in smoke emissions that are highly concentrated in areas much smaller than the regional domain of the study. Indeed, at the local scale, large differences (up to a factor of 33) persist in simulated smoke-related variables and radiative effects including semi-direct effect. Similar results are also found for November 2010, despite differences in meteorology and fire activity. Hence, biomass burning emission uncertainties have a large influence on the reliability of model simulations of atmospheric aerosol loading, transport, and radiative impacts, and this influence is largest at local and hourly-to-daily scales. Accurate quantification of smoke effects on regional climate and air quality requires further reduction of emission uncertainties, particularly for regions of high fire concentrations such as NSSA. C1 [Zhang, Feng; Wang, Jun; Yang, Zhifeng; Ge, Cui] Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Zhang, Feng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Int Ctr Climate & Environm Sci, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Ichoku, Charles; Hyer, Edward J.; da Silva, Arlindo] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Naval Res Lab Monterey, Monterey, CA USA. [Su, Shenjian] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Ge, Cui] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Xiaoyang] S Dakota State Univ, Geospatial Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD USA. [Kondragunta, Shobha] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Kaiser, Johannes W.] Kings Coll London, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Kaiser, Johannes W.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Kaiser, Johannes W.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Wiedinmyer, Christine] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, NCAR Earth Syst Lab, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM jwang7@unl.edu RI Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Kaiser, Johannes/A-7057-2012; Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010; Ichoku, Charles/E-1857-2012; Ge, Cui/I-6353-2016; Wang, Jun/A-2977-2008 OI Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Kaiser, Johannes/0000-0003-3696-9123; Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046; Ichoku, Charles/0000-0003-3244-4549; Ge, Cui/0000-0002-6182-6856; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-7334-0490 FU Science Missions Directorate of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of an Interdisciplinary Studies (IDS); NASA Air Quality Applied Science program; European Commission through the MACC-II project [283576]; EU Seventh Research Framework Programme; NCAR; US NSF Grant [121168]; National Science Foundation FX This research was supported by the Science Missions Directorate of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of an Interdisciplinary Studies (IDS) conducted through the Radiation Sciences Program managed by Hal B Maring. E J Hyer and J Wang also acknowledge the support from the NASA Air Quality Applied Science program managed by John A Haynes. J W Kaiser's contribution was funded by the European Commission through the MACC-II project, contract number 283576, under the EU Seventh Research Framework Programme. C Wiedinmyer would like to acknowledge support from NCAR and US NSF Grant # 121168. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The authors thank Guido van der Werf for providing their emissions datasets, and gratefully acknowledge the Holland Computing Center of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and their staff for their helpful efforts with modeling. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR 075002 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/9/7/075002 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP2AA UT WOS:000341873200022 ER PT J AU Ma, L Zhang, F Allen, A Levine, L AF Ma, Li Zhang, Fan Allen, Andrew Levine, Lyle TI Unveiling the origin of a nonequilibrium dynamic process detected by X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy via a finite element analysis approach SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA A-FOUNDATION AND ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID INTENSITY FLUCTUATION SPECTROSCOPY; UNDULATOR RADIATION; SCATTERING; DIFFRACTION; COMPOSITES; FACILITY; MOTION; WATER; XPCS AB It is a scientific and engineering challenge to characterize materials under nonequilibrium conditions. In recent years, X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS), a synchrotron-based coherent X-ray scattering technique, has been found useful in determining the timescales associated with various nonequilibrium processes, with detailed descriptions of the underlying processes lacking. Here, both static ultra small angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) and dynamic USAXS-based XPCS were used to investigate a transient structural change (a nonequilibrium process) associated with an isothermal anneal in a glass polymer composite system. While the bulk USAXS technique lacked the required sensitivity to detect the change in the microstructures, the local structural reorganization was apparent in the XPCS study. The structural changes were modeled using a three-dimensional finite element analysis approach and wave-propagation theory was used to simulate the resulting reciprocal-space coherent scattering intensity. Qualitative agreement was found between the modeling and experimental results, which validates that stress relaxation in the viscous polymer matrix was responsible for the observed changes. This analysis demonstrates that multi-physics modeling of complex systems can be used to interpret XPCS measurements of nonequilibrium processes. C1 [Ma, Li; Levine, Lyle] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Fan; Allen, Andrew] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, F (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fan.zhang@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation/Department of Energy [NSF/CHE-0822838]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank J. M. Antonucci, D. Skrtic and J. N. R. O'Donnell at NIST for preparing the composite samples. ChemMat-CARS Sector 15 is principally supported by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy under grant No. NSF/CHE-0822838. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0108-7673 EI 1600-5724 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD JUL PY 2014 VL 70 BP 338 EP 347 DI 10.1107/S205327331400686X PN 4 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA AO9OV UT WOS:000341686000004 PM 25970190 ER PT J AU Levin, PS AF Levin, Phillip S. TI New Conservation for the Anthropocene Ocean SO CONSERVATION LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Levin, PS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Phil.levin@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-263X J9 CONSERV LETT JI Conserv. Lett. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 7 IS 4 BP 339 EP 340 DI 10.1111/conl.12108 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA AO9AZ UT WOS:000341649200001 ER PT J AU Cheng, YC Liu, BQ Li, XF Nunziata, F Xu, Q Ding, XW Migliaccio, M Pichel, WG AF Cheng, Yongcun Liu, Bingqing Li, Xiaofeng Nunziata, Ferdinando Xu, Qing Ding, Xianwen Migliaccio, Maurizio Pichel, William G. TI Monitoring of Oil Spill Trajectories With COSMO-SkyMed X-Band SAR Images and Model Simulation SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE General NOAA Operational Modeling Environment (GNOME); North Sea; oil spill; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); trajectory ID NETWORK ALGORITHM TCNNA; BOHAI SEA; SEGMENTATION; POLLUTION; SLICK AB The Shell North Sea Gannet Alpha platform oil spill accident occurred on August 10, 2011. This was the largest oil spill accident in United Kingdom waters in the last decade. The spills were observed on four COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) X-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired between August 17 and 22, 2011, with revisit time from 11 h to 3 days between the SAR acquisitions. The areas of oil slicks were extracted from SAR images using an existing image classification and segmentation algorithm. It was found that the oil slicks moved toward the southwest with slick size enlarging from 3.69 to 62.01 km(2) in the first 24 h between the first and second SAR acquisitions. We tracked the oil spill trajectories using the General NOAA Operational Modeling Environment (GNOME) oil-drifting model. The 6-hourly surface wind fields from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA) Interim products and the 3-hourly ocean surface current fields from the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) global operational model were used to drive the GNOME model. The simulated oil slick movement was in good agreement with that observed by the CSK SAR images. Moreover, the simulation showed that the movement of oil spills was dominated by the surface winds in the North Sea. C1 [Cheng, Yongcun] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Marine Sci, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Liu, Bingqing; Ding, Xianwen] Shanghai Ocean Univ, Coll Marine Sci, Shanghai 201306, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, GST, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Nunziata, Ferdinando; Migliaccio, Maurizio] Univ Napoli Parthenope, Dipartimento Ingn, I-80143 Naples, Italy. [Xu, Qing] Hohai Univ, Key Lab Coastal Disasters & Def, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Xu, Qing] Hohai Univ, Coll Harbor Coastal & Offshore Engn, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Pichel, William G.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA, GST, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM xiaofeng.li@noaa.gov RI Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Liu, Bingqing/E-6932-2015; Nunziata, Ferdinando/D-4054-2012; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Nunziata, Ferdinando/0000-0003-4567-0377; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU Shanghai Dongfang Scholar Program, Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission [13dz12044000]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41306194]; ESA-MOST [10689]; NOAA FX Manuscript received January 31, 2014; revised June 05, 2014; accepted July 12, 2014. Date of publication August 10, 2014; date of current version August 21, 2014. This work was supported in part by the Shanghai Dongfang Scholar Program, Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission under Grant 13dz12044000, in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 41306194, in part by the ESA-MOST Dragon-3 cooperation project 10689, and in part by the NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) Program funding. (Corresponding author: Xiaofeng Li.) NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 EI 2151-1535 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 7 IS 7 SI SI BP 2895 EP 2901 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2014.2341574 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AO7YK UT WOS:000341568700018 ER PT J AU Bojanova, I Kuhn, R AF Bojanova, Irena Kuhn, Rick TI IT Pro Conference on Information Systems Governance SO IT PROFESSIONAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bojanova, Irena] Univ Maryland Univ Coll, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Kuhn, Rick] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Bojanova, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland Univ Coll, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM irena.bojanova@umuc.edu; kuhn@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1520-9202 EI 1941-045X J9 IT PROF JI IT Prof. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 16 IS 4 BP 4 EP 6 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA AO7YP UT WOS:000341569300001 ER PT J AU Silverman, KL Miaja-Avila, L Verma, VB Coleman, JJ Mirin, RP AF Silverman, Kevin L. Miaja-Avila, Luis Verma, Varun B. Coleman, James J. Mirin, Richard P. TI Gain and Loss in Active Waveguides Based on Lithographically Defined Quantum Dots SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Nanolithography; quantum dots; semiconductor lasers; semiconductor optical amplifiers ID TEMPERATURE; AMPLIFIERS; DYNAMICS; LASERS; ROOM AB We report on the optical gain and loss of waveguides containing lithographically defined quantum dots. Lasing action has previously been demonstrated in a nominally identical structure. Measurements are made by monitoring the transmission of a resonant pulse while varying the injection current. We measure a maximum modal gain of 1.8 cm(-1) at the peak of the ground state emission for a two-layer structure. The peak gain is insufficient for ground state lasing to be achieved in a structure with as-cleaved facets, but the gain per dot is comparable with that demonstrated in self-assembled quantum dots. C1 [Silverman, Kevin L.; Miaja-Avila, Luis; Verma, Varun B.; Mirin, Richard P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Coleman, James J.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Silverman, KL (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM silverma@boulder.nist.gov; luis.miajaavila@nist.gov; varun.verma@nist.gov; jcoleman@illinois.edu; richard.mirin@nist.gov RI Coleman, James/C-9703-2011; OI Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1041-1135 EI 1941-0174 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 26 IS 13 BP 1283 EP 1286 DI 10.1109/LPT.2014.2321140 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA AO7AU UT WOS:000341505200003 ER PT J AU Newell, DB AF Newell, David B. TI A more fundamental International System of Units SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article ID WATT BALANCE; JOSEPHSON; STANDARDS; SI C1 [Newell, David B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Newell, DB (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 EI 1945-0699 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD JUL PY 2014 VL 67 IS 7 BP 35 EP 41 DI 10.1063/PT.3.2448 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AO6GL UT WOS:000341448200018 ER PT J AU Unguris, J Bowden, SR Pierce, DT Trassin, M Ramesh, R Cheong, SW Fackler, S Takeuchi, I AF Unguris, J. Bowden, S. R. Pierce, D. T. Trassin, M. Ramesh, R. Cheong, S. -W. Fackler, S. Takeuchi, I. TI Simultaneous imaging of the ferromagnetic and ferroelectric structure in multiferroic heterostructures SO APL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; DOMAIN-STRUCTURE; BIFEO3 FILMS; THIN-FILMS AB By measuring the spin polarization of secondary electrons and the intensity of backscattered electrons generated in a scanning electron microscope, we are able to simultaneously image the ferromagnetic domain structure of a ferromagnetic thin film and the ferroelectric domain structure of the underlying ferroelectric substrate upon which it is grown. Simultaneous imaging allows straightforward, quantitative measurements of the correlations in these complex multiferroic systems. We have successfully imaged domains in CoFe/BFO and Fe/BTO, two systems with very different ferromagnet/ferroelectric coupling mechanisms, demonstrating how this technique provides a new local probe of magneto electric/strictive effects in multiferroic heterostructures. (C) 2014 Author(s). C1 [Unguris, J.; Bowden, S. R.; Pierce, D. T.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bowden, S. R.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Trassin, M.; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Trassin, M.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol Zurich, Dept Mat, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cheong, S. -W.] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Ctr Emergent Mat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Cheong, S. -W.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Fackler, S.; Takeuchi, I.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Unguris, J (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.unguris@nist.gov FU National Research Council; University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; Center for Energy Efficient Electronics Science (NSF) [0939514]; Maryland NanoCenter and its NanoLab; NSF [NSF-DMR-1104484] FX We thank M. D. Stiles for discussions. S. R. Bowden acknowledges support from the National Research Council and from the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (Award No. 70NANB10H193 through the University of Maryland). M. Trassin acknowledges support from the Center for Energy Efficient Electronics Science (NSF Grant No. 0939514). S. Fackler acknowledges support of the Maryland NanoCenter and its NanoLab. The work at Rutgers was supported by the NSF under Grant No. NSF-DMR-1104484. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 45 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2166-532X J9 APL MATER JI APL Mater. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 2 IS 7 AR 076109 DI 10.1063/1.4890055 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AO2RW UT WOS:000341174100011 ER PT J AU Zolina, O Simmer, C Kapala, A Shabanov, P Becker, P Machel, H Gulev, S Groisman, P AF Zolina, Olga Simmer, Clemens Kapala, Alice Shabanov, Pavel Becker, Paul Maechel, Hermann Gulev, Sergey Groisman, Pavel TI Precipitation Variability and Extremes in Central Europe New View from STAMMEX Results SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; DATASET AB The STAMMEX (Spatial and Temporal Scales and Mechanisms of Extreme Precipitation Events over Central Europe) project has developed a high-resolution gridded long-term precipitation dataset based on the daily-observing precipitation network of the German Weather Service DWD, which runs one of the world's densest rain gauge networks, comprising more than 7,500 stations. Several quality-controlled daily gridded products with homogenized sampling were developed covering the periods 1931-onward (with 0.5 degrees resolution), 1951-onward (0.5 degrees and 0.25 degrees), and 1971-2000 (0.5 degrees, 0.25 degrees, and 0.1 degrees). Different methods were tested to select the best gridding methodology that minimizes errors of integral grid estimates over; hilly;terrain. Besides daily precipitation values with uncertainty estimates, the STAMMEX datasets include a variety of statistics that characterize temporal and spatial dynamics of the precipitation distribution (quantiles, extremes, wet/dry spells, etc.). Comparisons with existing continental-stale daily precipitation grids (e.g., CRU, ECA E-OBS, GCOS)-which include considerably less observations compared to those used in STAMMEX-demonstrate the added value of high-resolution grids for extreme rainfall analyses. These data exhibit spatial variability patterns and trends in precipitation extremes, which are missed or incorrectly reproduced over Central Europe from coarser resolution grids, based on sparser networks. The STAMMEX dataset can be used for high-quality climate diagnostics of precipitation variability, as a reference for reanalyses and remotely sensed precipitation products (including the upcoming Global Precipitation Mission products), and for input into regional climate and operational weather forecast models. C1 [Zolina, Olga] LGGE, Grenoble, France. [Zolina, Olga] PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Simmer, Clemens; Kapala, Alice] Univ Bonn, Inst Meteorol, Bonn, Germany. [Shabanov, Pavel; Gulev, Sergey] PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Becker, Paul; Maechel, Hermann] DWD, German Weather Serv, Deutsch Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany. [Groisman, Pavel] NCDC, Asheville, NC USA. RP Zolina, O (reprint author), UJF Grenoble I, CNRS, LGGE, 54 Rue Moliere,BP 96, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. EM ozolina@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr RI Machel, Hermann/A-5313-2015; Gulev, Sergey/A-4994-2014; Simmer, Clemens/M-4949-2013 OI Machel, Hermann/0000-0002-2753-4876; Simmer, Clemens/0000-0003-3001-8642 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [PN-50160119]; Russian Ministry of Education and Science [14.B25.31.0026, 14.577.21.0048]; Universite Joseph Fourier; LGGE (Grenoble) FX We appreciate comments and suggestions of the two anonymous reviewers, which helped to improve the previous version of this manuscript. Discussions with Klaus Peter Koltermann of MSU (Moscow) are appreciated. We thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for funding the STAMMEX Project under the contract PN-50160119 and the Deutsche Wetterdienst for continuous support of the project and data supply. We also benefited from the support of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science under the contract's 14.B25.31.0026 and 14.577.21.0048, as well as from the support of Universite Joseph Fourier and LGGE (Grenoble). NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 95 IS 7 BP 995 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00134.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO0ED UT WOS:000340981000008 ER PT J AU Stenhouse, N Maibach, E Cobb, S Ban, R Bleistein, A Croft, P Bierly, E Seitter, K Rasmussen, G Leiserowitz, A AF Stenhouse, Neil Maibach, Edward Cobb, Sara Ban, Ray Bleistein, Andrea Croft, Paul Bierly, Eugene Seitter, Keith Rasmussen, Gary Leiserowitz, Anthony TI METEOROLOGISTS' VIEWS ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING A Survey of American Meteorological Society Professional Members SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; POLARIZATION; POLICY; RISKS AB Meteorologists and other atmospheric science experts are playing important roles in helping society respond to climate change. However, members of this professional community are not unanimous in their views of climate change, and there has been tension among members of the American Meteorological Society (AMS) who hold different views on the topic. In response, AMS created the Committee to Improve Climate Change Communication to explore and, to the extent possible, resolve these tensions. To support this-committee, in January 2012 we surveyed all AMS members with known e-mail addresses, achieving a 26.3% response rate (n = 1,854). In this paper we tested four hypotheses-1) perceived conflict about global warming will be negatively associated, and 2) climate expertise, 3) liberal political ideology, and 4) perceived scientific consensus will be positively associated with 1) higher personal certainty that global warming is happening, 2) viewing the global warming observed over the past 150 years as mostly human caused, and 3) perception of global warming as harmful. All four hypotheses were confirmed. Expertise, ideology,perceived consensus, and perceived conflict were all independently related to respondents' views on climate, with perceived consensus and political ideology being most strongly related. We suggest that AMS should attempt to convey the widespread scientific agreement about climate change; acknowledge and explore the uncomfortable fact that political ideology influences the climate change views of meteorology professionals; refute the idea that those who do hold nonmajority views just need to be "educated" about climate change; and continue to deal with the conflict among members of the meteorology community. C1 [Stenhouse, Neil; Maibach, Edward; Cobb, Sara; Bierly, Eugene] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Ban, Ray] Weather Channel, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bleistein, Andrea] NOAA, Off Assistant Secretary Environm Observat & Predi, Washington, DC USA. [Croft, Paul] Kean Univ, Dept Geol & Meteorol, Union, NJ USA. [Seitter, Keith; Rasmussen, Gary] Amer Meteorol Soc, Boston, MA USA. [Leiserowitz, Anthony] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. RP Stenhouse, N (reprint author), George Mason Univ, 4400 Univ Dr MSN 6A8, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM nstenhou@gmu.edu OI Maibach, Edward/0000-0003-3409-9187 FU NSF [DUE-1043235, DRL-0917566] FX Ban, Bleistein, and Croft are members of the AMS's Committee to Improve Climate Change Communication. Support for this research was provided by NSF Awards DUE-1043235 and DRL-0917566. We wish to thank James Filipi and Justin Rolfe-Redding for their assistance with this research. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 95 IS 7 BP 1029 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00091.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO0ED UT WOS:000340981000012 ER PT J AU Knupp, KR Murphy, TA Coleman, TA Wade, RA Mullins, SA Schultz, CJ Schultz, EV Carey, L Sherrer, A McCaul, EW Carcione, B Latimer, S Kula, A Laws, K Marsh, PT Klockow, K AF Knupp, Kevin R. Murphy, Todd A. Coleman, Timothy A. Wade, Ryan A. Mullins, Stephanie A. Schultz, Christopher J. Schultz, Elise V. Carey, Lawrence Sherrer, Adam McCaul, Eugene W., Jr. Carcione, Brian Latimer, Stephen Kula, Andy Laws, Kevin Marsh, Patrick T. Klockow, Kim TI METEOROLOGICAL OVERVIEW OF THE DEVASTATING 27 APRIL 2011 TORNADO OUTBREAK SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; LOW-LEVEL MESOVORTICES; LONG-LIVED SUPERCELLS; PART I; SQUALL LINES; BOW ECHOES; OBSERVATIONAL EXAMINATION; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; CASA RADAR AB By many metrics, the tornado outbreak on 27 April 2011 was the most significant tornado outbreak since 1950, exceeding the super outbreak of 3-4 April 1974. The number of tornadoes over a 24-h period (midnight to midnight) was 199; the tornado fatalities and injuries were 316 and more than 2,700, respectively; and the insurable loss exceeded $4 billion (U.S. dollars). In this paper, we provide a meteorological overview of this outbreak and illustrate that the event was composed of three mesoscale events: a large early morning quasi-linear convective system (QLCS), a midday QLCS, and numerous afternoon supercell storms. The main data sources include NWS and research radars, profilers, surface measurements, and photos and videos of the tornadoes. The primary motivation for this preliminary research is to document the diverse characteristics (e.g., tornado characteristics and mesoscale organization of deep convection) of this outbreak and summarize preliminary analyses that are worthy of additional research on this case. C1 [Knupp, Kevin R.; Murphy, Todd A.; Coleman, Timothy A.; Wade, Ryan A.; Mullins, Stephanie A.; Schultz, Christopher J.; Schultz, Elise V.; Carey, Lawrence; Sherrer, Adam] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [McCaul, Eugene W., Jr.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Latimer, Stephen; Kula, Andy] Natl Weather Serv, Huntsville, AL USA. [Laws, Kevin] Natl Weather Serv, Birmingham, AL USA. [Marsh, Patrick T.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Klockow, Kim] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Knupp, KR (reprint author), Univ Alabama, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM kevin@nsstc.uah.edu FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1140387] FX A National Science Foundation Rapid Response Research Grant, AGS-1140387, provided funding for this initial research. Dr. Cody Kirkpatrick (Indiana University) generated the regional Composite animation in Fig. ES1 (see online supplement). Dr. Chad Shafer (University of South Alabama) generously provided the N2 calculation shown in Table 1. We thank the numerous individuals who provided valuable information, including visual images and animations of many of the tornadoes, on this day. This paper is dedicated to those who experienced loss of life, loved ones, property, and trauma on this fateful day. NR 75 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 95 IS 7 BP 1041 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00229.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO0ED UT WOS:000340981000013 ER PT J AU Drobinski, P Ducrocq, V Alpert, P Anagnostou, E Beranger, K Borga, M Braud, I Chanzy, A Davolio, S Delrieu, G Estournel, C Boubrahmi, NF Font, J Grubisic, V Gualdi, S Homar, V Ivancan-Picek, B Kottmeier, C Kotroni, V Lagouvardos, K Lionello, P Llasat, MC Ludwig, W Lutoff, C Mariotti, A Richard, E Romero, R Rotunno, R Roussot, O Ruin, I Somot, S Taupier-Letage, I Tintore, J Uijlenhoet, R Wernli, H AF Drobinski, P. Ducrocq, V. Alpert, P. Anagnostou, E. Beranger, K. Borga, M. Braud, I. Chanzy, A. Davolio, S. Delrieu, G. Estournel, C. Boubrahmi, N. Filali Font, J. Grubisic, V. Gualdi, S. Homar, V. Ivancan-Picek, B. Kottmeier, C. Kotroni, V. Lagouvardos, K. Lionello, P. Llasat, M. C. Ludwig, W. Lutoff, C. Mariotti, A. Richard, E. Romero, R. Rotunno, R. Roussot, O. Ruin, I. Somot, S. Taupier-Letage, I. Tintore, J. Uijlenhoet, R. Wernli, H. TI HYMEX A 10-Year Multidisciplinary Program on the Mediterranean Water Cycle SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; FLASH-FLOOD; SYNOPTIC CLIMATOLOGY; DEEP CONVECTION; SEPTEMBER 2002; NORTH-WESTERN; PRECIPITATION; EVENTS; SEA; DATABASE AB The Mediterranean countries are experiencing important challenges. related to the water cycle, including water shortages and floods, extreme winds, and ice/snow storms, that impact critically the socioeconomic vitality in the area (causing damage to property, threatening lives, affecting the energy and transportation sectors, etc.). There are gaps in our understanding of the Mediterranean water cycle and its dynamics that include the variability of the Mediterranean Sea water budget and its feedback on the variability of the continental precipitation through air-sea interactions, the impact of precipitation variability on aquifer recharge, river discharge, and soil water content and vegetation characteristics specific to the Mediterranean basin and the mechanisms that control the location and intensity of heavy precipitating systems that often produce floods. The Hydrological Cycle in Mediterranean Experiment (HyMeX) program is a 10-yr concerted experimental effort at the international level that aims to advance the scientific knowledge of the water cycle variability in all compartments (land, sea, and atmosphere) and at various time and spatial scales. It also aims to improve the processes-based models needed for forecasting hydrometeorological extremes and the models of the regional climate system for predicting regional climate variability and evolution. Finally, it aims to assess the social and economic vulnerability to hydrometeorological natural hazards in the Mediterranean and the adaptation capacity of the territories and populations therein to provide support to policy makers to cope with water-related problems under the influence of climate change, by linking scientific outcomes with related policy requirements. C1 [Drobinski, P.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Lab Meteorol Dynam,UMR8539, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Drobinski, P.] Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Ducrocq, V.; Roussot, O.; Somot, S.] Meteo France, UMR3589, CNRM GAME, Toulouse, France. [Ducrocq, V.; Roussot, O.; Somot, S.] CNRS, Toulouse, France. [Alpert, P.] Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Anagnostou, E.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT USA. [Beranger, K.] Ecole Natl Super Tech Avancees ParisTech, Palaiseau, France. [Borga, M.] Univ Padua, Dept Land Environm Agr & Forestry, Padua, Italy. [Braud, I.] IRSTEA, Hydrol Hydraul Res Grp, Villeurbanne, France. [Chanzy, A.] INRA, Environm Mediterraneen & Modelisat AgroHydrosyst, Avignon, France. [Davolio, S.] CNR ISAC, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, Bologna, Italy. [Delrieu, G.; Ruin, I.] Lab Etud Transferts Hydrol & Environm, Grenoble, France. [Estournel, C.; Richard, E.] Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. [Boubrahmi, N. Filali] Direct Meteorol Natl, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Casablanca, Morocco. [Font, J.] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Mar, Barcelona, Spain. [Grubisic, V.; Rotunno, R.] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Grubisic, V.] Univ Vienna, Dept Phys & Meteorol, Vienna, Austria. [Gualdi, S.] Ctr Euromediterraneo Cambiamenti Climat, Bologna, Italy. [Gualdi, S.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Bologna, Italy. [Homar, V.; Romero, R.] Univ Illes Balears, Palma De Mallorca, Spain. [Ivancan-Picek, B.] Meteorol & Hydrol Serv DHMZ, Zagreb, Croatia. [Kottmeier, C.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Kotroni, V.; Lagouvardos, K.] Natl Observ Athens, Inst Environm Res & Sustainable Dev, Athens, Greece. [Lionello, P.] Univ Salento, Dept Sci & Technol Biol & Environm, Lecce, Italy. [Lionello, P.] CMCC, Lecce, Italy. [Llasat, M. C.] Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron & Meteorol, Barcelona, Spain. [Ludwig, W.] Ctr Format & Rech Environm Mediterraneens, Perpignan, France. [Lutoff, C.] PACTE, Grenoble, France. [Mariotti, A.] NOAA, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Taupier-Letage, I.] Univ Aix Marseille, CNRS UMR 7294, AMU, Mediterranean Inst Oceanog, Marseille, France. [Tintore, J.] Inst Mediterraneo Estudios Avanzados CSIC UIB, Esporles, Spain. [Tintore, J.] Balear Isl Coastal Observing & Forecasting Syst, Esporles, Spain. [Uijlenhoet, R.] Wageningen Univ, Hydrol & Quantitat Water Management Grp, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. [Wernli, H.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Drobinski, P (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, Lab Meteorol Dynam, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Route Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. EM philippe.drobinski@lmd.polytechnique.fr RI Borga, Marco/C-6697-2014; Homar Santaner, Victor/K-2678-2014; Font, Jordi/E-5355-2013; Kotroni, Vassiliki/D-5336-2014; Lagouvardos, Konstantinos/D-5683-2014; Gualdi, Silvio/F-3061-2015; Wernli, Heini/F-1099-2016; davolio, silvio/C-8425-2017; OI Somot, Samuel/0000-0002-5066-2921; Uijlenhoet, Remko/0000-0001-7418-4445; Borga, Marco/0000-0003-3435-2779; Homar Santaner, Victor/0000-0003-1459-2003; Font, Jordi/0000-0003-2590-1457; Gualdi, Silvio/0000-0001-7777-8935; Wernli, Heini/0000-0001-9674-4837; davolio, silvio/0000-0001-8704-1814; lionello, piero/0000-0002-0779-5681 FU CNRS; Meteo-France; CNES; IRSTEA; INRA; ANR; Collectivite Territoriale de Gorse; KIT; CNR; Universite de Toulouse; Grenoble Universites; EUMETSAT; EUMETNET; AEMet; Universite Blaise Pascal, Clermont Ferrand; Universite de la Mediterranee (Aix-Marseille II); Universite Montpellier 2; CETEMPS; Italian Civil Protection Department; Universite Paris-Sud 11; IGN; EPFL; NASA; New Mexico Tech; IFSTTAR; Mercator Ocean; NOAA; ENEA; TU Delft; CEA; ONERA; IMEDEA; SOCIB; ETH; MeteoCat; Consorzio LAMMA; IRD; National Observatory of Athens; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion; CIMA; BRGM; Wageningen University and Research Center; Department of Geophysics, University of Zagreb; Institute of Oceanography and, Fisheries, Split, Croatia; INGV; OGS; Maroc Meteo; DHMZ; ARPA Piemonte; ARPA-SIMC Emilia-Romagna; ARPA Calabria; ARPA Friuli Venezia Giulia; ARPA Liguria; ISPRA; University of Connecticut; Universita degli Studi dell'Aquila; Universita di Bologna; Universita degli Studi di Torino; Universita degli Studi della Basilicata; Universita La Sapienza di Roma; Universita degli Studi di Padova; Universita del Salento; Universitat de Barcelona; Universitat de les Illes Balears; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; MeteoSwiss; DLR; European Community FX HyMeX was developed by an international group of scientists and is currently funded by a large number of agencies. It has been the beneficiary of financial contributions from CNRS; Meteo-France; CNES; IRSTEA; INRA; ANR; Collectivite Territoriale de Gorse; KIT; CNR; Universite de Toulouse; Grenoble Universites; EUMETSAT; EUMETNET; AEMet; Universite Blaise Pascal, Clermont Ferrand; Universite de la Mediterranee (Aix-Marseille II); Universite Montpellier 2; CETEMPS; Italian Civil Protection Department; Universite Paris-Sud 11; IGN; EPFL; NASA; New Mexico Tech; IFSTTAR; Mercator Ocean; NOAA; ENEA; TU Delft; CEA; ONERA; IMEDEA; SOCIB; ETH; MeteoCat; Consorzio LAMMA; IRD; National Observatory of Athens; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion; CIMA; BRGM; Wageningen University and Research Center; Department of Geophysics, University of Zagreb; Institute of Oceanography and, Fisheries, Split, Croatia; INGV; OGS; Maroc Meteo; DHMZ; ARPA Piemonte; ARPA-SIMC Emilia-Romagna; ARPA Calabria; ARPA Friuli Venezia Giulia; ARPA Liguria; ISPRA; University of Connecticut; Universita degli Studi dell'Aquila; Universita di Bologna; Universita degli Studi di Torino; Universita degli Studi della Basilicata; Universita La Sapienza di Roma; Universita degli Studi di Padova; Universita del Salento; Universitat de Barcelona; Universitat de les Illes Balears; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; MeteoSwiss; and DLR. It also received support from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (e.g., PERSEUS, CLIM-RUN). NR 89 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 6 U2 52 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 95 IS 7 BP 1063 EP 1082 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00242.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO0ED UT WOS:000340981000014 ER PT J AU Ducrocq, V Braud, I Davolio, S Ferretti, R Flamant, C Jansa, A Kalthoff, N Richard, E Taupier-Letage, I Ayral, PA Belamari, S Berne, A Borga, M Boudevillain, B Bock, O Boichard, JL Bouin, MN Bousquet, O Bouvier, C Chiggiato, J Cimini, D Corsmeier, U Coppola, L Cocquerez, P Defer, E Delanoe, J Di Girolamo, P Doerenbecher, A Drobinski, P Dufournet, Y Fourrie, N Gourley, JJ Labatut, L Lambert, D Le Coz, J Marzano, FS Molinie, G Montani, A Nord, G Nuret, M Ramage, K Rison, W Roussot, O Said, F Schwarzenboeck, A Testor, P Van Baelen, J Vincendon, B Aran, M Tamayo, J AF Ducrocq, Veronique Braud, Isabelle Davolio, Silvio Ferretti, Rossella Flamant, Cyrille Jansa, Agustin Kalthoff, Norbert Richard, Evelyne Taupier-Letage, Isabelle Ayral, Pierre-Alain Belamari, Sophie Berne, Alexis Borga, Marco Boudevillain, Brice Bock, Olivier Boichard, Jean-Luc Bouin, Marie-Noelle Bousquet, Olivier Bouvier, Christophe Chiggiato, Jacopo Cimini, Domenico Corsmeier, Ulrich Coppola, Laurent Cocquerez, Philippe Defer, Eric Delanoe, Julien Di Girolamo, Paolo Doerenbecher, Alexis Drobinski, Philippe Dufournet, Yann Fourrie, Nadia Gourley, Jonathan J. Labatut, Laurent Lambert, Dominique Le Coz, Jerome Marzano, Frank S. Molinie, Gilles Montani, Andrea Nord, Guillaume Nuret, Mathieu Ramage, Karim Rison, William Roussot, Odile Said, Frederique Schwarzenboeck, Alfons Testor, Pierre Van Baelen, Joel Vincendon, Beatrice Aran, Montserrat Tamayo, Jorge TI HYMEX-SOPI The Field Campaign Dedicated to Heavy Precipitation and Flash Flooding in the Northwestern Mediterranean SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STATIONARY CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; SOUTHERN FRANCE; PIEDMONT FLOOD; MOUNTAIN RIDGE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEPTEMBER 2002; EVENTS; RAINFALL; IMPACT AB The Mediterranean region is frequently affected by heavy precipitation events associated with flash floods, landslides, and mudslides that cause hundreds of millions of euros in damages per year and, often, casualties. A major field campaign was devoted to heavy precipitation and flash floods from 5 September to 6 November 2012 within the framework of the 10-yr international Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment (HyMeX) dedicated to the hydrological cycle and related high-impact events. The 2-month field campaign took place over the northwestern Mediterranean Sea and its surrounding coastal regions in France, Italy, and Spain. The observation strategy of the field experiment was devised to improve. knowledge of the following key components leading to heavy precipitation and flash flooding in the region: 1) the marine atmospheric flows that transport moist and conditionally unstable air toward the coasts, 2) the Mediterranean Sea acting as a moisture and energy source, 3) the dynamics and microphysics of the convective systems producing heavy precipitation, and 4) the hydrological processes during flash floods. This article provides the rationale for developing this first HyMeX field experiment and an overview of its design and execution. Highlights of some intensive observation periods illustrate the potential of the unique datasets collected for process understanding, model improvement, and data assimilation. C1 [Ducrocq, Veronique; Belamari, Sophie; Bousquet, Olivier; Doerenbecher, Alexis; Fourrie, Nadia; Labatut, Laurent; Nuret, Mathieu; Roussot, Odile; Vincendon, Beatrice] Meteo France, CNRS, CNRM GAME, F-31057 Toulouse, France. [Braud, Isabelle; Le Coz, Jerome] IRSTEA, UR HHLY Unite Rech Hydrol Hydraul, Lyon, France. [Davolio, Silvio] CNR ISAC, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, Bologna, Italy. [Ferretti, Rossella] Univ Aquila, CETEMPS, Dept Phys Sci & Chem, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Flamant, Cyrille; Delanoe, Julien] UMR 8190 CNRS UVSQ UPMC, LATMOS, Guyancourt, France. [Jansa, Agustin; Tamayo, Jorge] Agencia Estatal Meteorol, Madrid, Spain. [Kalthoff, Norbert; Corsmeier, Ulrich] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IMK TRO, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Richard, Evelyne; Lambert, Dominique; Said, Frederique] Univ Toulouse, Lab Aerol, CNRS 5560, Toulouse, France. [Taupier-Letage, Isabelle] Univ Aix Marseille,USTV, IRD UMR 235, CNRS UMR 7294, MIO,AMU UM110, Marseille, France. [Ayral, Pierre-Alain] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Ecole Mines Ales, Nice, France. [Ayral, Pierre-Alain] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, UMR ESPACE CNRS 7300, Nice, France. [Berne, Alexis] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Environm Remote Sensing Lab, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Borga, Marco] Univ Padua, Dept Land Environm Agr & Forestry, I-35100 Padua, Italy. [Boudevillain, Brice; Molinie, Gilles; Nord, Guillaume] Univ Grenoble, IRD, LTHE UMR CNRS 5564, Grenoble, France. [Bock, Olivier] IGN, Lab Rech Geodesie LAREG, Marne La Vallee, France. [Boichard, Jean-Luc] Observ Midipyrenees, Toulouse, France. [Bouin, Marie-Noelle] Meteo France, CMM, CNRM, Brest, France. [Bouvier, Christophe] Hydrosci Montpellier, Montpellier, France. [Chiggiato, Jacopo] CNR ISMAR, Venice, Italy. [Cimini, Domenico] CNR IMAA, Potenza, Italy. [Coppola, Laurent] Observ Oceanol Villefranche Sur Mer, Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Cocquerez, Philippe] Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, F-31055 Toulouse, France. [Defer, Eric] Observ Paris, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. [Di Girolamo, Paolo] Univ Basilicata, Scuola Ingn, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. [Drobinski, Philippe] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, ISPL, LMD, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Dufournet, Yann] Delft Univ Technol, Climate Inst, NL-2600 AA Delft, Netherlands. [Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Marzano, Frank S.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, DIET, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Marzano, Frank S.] Univ Aquila, Dept Phys Sci & Chem, CETEMPS, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Montani, Andrea] ARPA SIMC, Bologna, Italy. [Ramage, Karim] IPSL, Palaiseau, France. [Rison, William] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM USA. [Schwarzenboeck, Alfons; Van Baelen, Joel] UBP, UMR6016, Lab Meteorol Phys LaMP, Clermont Ferrand, France. [Schwarzenboeck, Alfons; Van Baelen, Joel] Univ Clermont Ferrand, Photochim Mol & Macromol Lab, CNRS, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. [Testor, Pierre] IPSL, LOCEAN, Paris, France. [Aran, Montserrat] SMC, Barcelona, Spain. RP Ducrocq, V (reprint author), Meteo France, CNRS, CNRM GAME, UMR3589, 42 Av Coriolis, F-31057 Toulouse, France. EM veronique.ducrocq@meteo.fr RI Borga, Marco/C-6697-2014; Testor, Pierre/M-4564-2014; Cimini, Domenico/M-8707-2013; CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; Bouin, Marie-Noelle/P-9236-2015; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; davolio, silvio/C-8425-2017 OI Borga, Marco/0000-0003-3435-2779; Cimini, Domenico/0000-0002-5962-223X; CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Bouin, Marie-Noelle/0000-0002-0437-6561; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755; davolio, silvio/0000-0001-8704-1814 FU CNRS; Meteo-France; CNES; IRSTEA; INRA; IRD; IFSTTAR; IFREMER; IGN; CEA; ONERA; Mercator-Ocean; Meteorage; University of Aix-Marseille; University of Avignon; University of Clermont-Ferrand; University of Corse; University of Grenoble; University of Littoral Cote d'Opale; University of Montpellier; University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis; University of Perpignan; University of Pierre et Marie Curie; University of Polynesie Francaise; University of Sud Toulon-Var; University of Toulouse; University of Versailles-Saint Quentin; Mines d'Ales School; Grenoble Institut of Technology; ENSTA; Collectivite Territoriale de Corse; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); DLR; GFZ Potsdam; TU Braunschweig; CNR; University of L'Aquila; University of Padova; University of Roma-Sapienza; ARPA SIMC; ARPA Piemonte; ARPAV; ARPA Friuli Venezia Giulia; OSMER; ISPRA; Italian Civil Protection Department; CIMA; ENEA; LaMMA; AEMET; IMEDEA; EUSKALMET; University of Barcelona; University of Balearic Islands; SMC; NASA; New Mexico Tech (NMT); NOAA; University of Connecticut; EPFL; ETH; University of Delft; University of Wageningen; OVE; Vienna University; NOA; DHZ; EUMETNET; EUCLID; EUMETSAT; MISTRALS/HyMeX; CSTB-BAMED; CPER-FEDER CORSiCA; EUCOS-DTS-HyMeX; EU-FP7 EUROFLEETS; EU-FP7 PERSEUS; EU-FP7 DRIHM; [ANR-2011-BS56-027 FLOODSCALE]; [ANR-11-BS56-0005 IODA-MED] FX Although the authorship of this overview paper is significant, more scientists contributed to it and many more were involved in the field campaign: all deserve our grateful thanks. A special mention is due for the ten Meteo-France forecasters-C. Calas, E. Chabot, J. Cremoux, A.-C. Fontan, L. Goulet, M. Kreitz, J.-M. Poulet, B. Roulet, F. Saix, and F. Vaysse-and for the forecasters of the secondary operations centers, without whose forecasting support the success of the field campaign would have not been possible. HyMeX SOP1 was supported by CNRS, Meteo-France, CNES, IRSTEA, and INRA through the large interdisciplinary international program MISTRALS (Mediterranean Integrated Studies at Regional and Local Scales) dedicated to the understanding of the Mediterranean Basin environmental process (www.mistralshome.org), as well as by, in France, IRD, IFSTTAR, IFREMER, IGN, CEA, ONERA, Mercator-Ocean, Meteorage, the Universities of Aix-Marseille, Avignon, Clermont-Ferrand, Corse, Grenoble, Littoral Cote d'Opale, Montpellier, Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Perpignan, Pierre et Marie Curie, Polynesie Francaise, Sud Toulon-Var, Toulouse, and Versailles-Saint Quentin, Mines d'Ales School, Grenoble Institut of Technology, ENSTA, and Collectivite Territoriale de Corse; in Germany, the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), DLR, GFZ Potsdam, and TU Braunschweig; in Italy, CNR, the Universities of L'Aquila, Padova, and Roma-Sapienza, many regional services (ARPA SIMC, ARPA Piemonte, ARPAV, ARPA Friuli Venezia Giulia, and OSMER, among others), ISPRA, the Italian Civil Protection Department, CIMA, ENEA, and LaMMA; in Spain, AEMET, IMEDEA, EUSKALMET, the Universities of Barcelona and the Balearic Islands; and SMC; in the United States, NASA, New Mexico Tech (NMT), NOAA, and the University of Connecticut; in Switzerland, EPFL and ETH; in the Netherlands, the Universities of Delft and Wageningen; in Austria, OVE and Vienna University; in Greece, NOA; in Croatia, DHZ; and by the following European agencies: EUMETNET, EUCLID, and EUMETSAT.; The field campaign was sponsored by Grants MISTRALS/HyMeX, ANR-2011-BS56-027 FLOODSCALE, ANR-11-BS56-0005 IODA-MED, CSTB-BAMED, CPER-FEDER CORSiCA, EUCOS-DTS-HyMeX, EU-FP7 EUROFLEETS, EU-FP7 PERSEUS, and EU-FP7 DRIHM. NR 55 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 95 IS 7 BP 1083 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00244.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO0ED UT WOS:000340981000015 ER PT J AU Ding, C Gong, X Man, HY Zhi, GX Guo, SL Zhao, Y Wang, HD Chen, B Ning, FL AF Ding, Cui Gong, Xin Man, Huiyuan Zhi, Guoxiang Guo, Shengli Zhao, Yang Wang, Hangdong Chen, Bin Ning, F. L. TI The suppression of Curie temperature by Sr doping in diluted ferromagnetic semiconductor (La1-xSrx) (Zn1-yMny) AsO SO EPL LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PN AB (La1-xSrx) (Zn1-yMny) AsO is a two-dimensional diluted ferromagnetic semiconductor that has the advantage of decoupled charge and spin doping. The substitution of Sr2+ for La3+ and Mn2+ for Zn2+ into the parent semiconductor LaZnAsO introduces hole carriers and spins, respectively. This advantage enables us to investigate the influence of carrier doping on the ferromagnetic ordered state through the control of Sr concentrations in (La1-xSrx) (Zn0.9Mn0.1) AsO. 10% Sr doping results in a ferromagnetic ordering below T-C similar to 30 K. Increasing Sr concentration up to 30% heavily suppresses the Curie temperature and saturation moments. Neutron scattering measurements indicate that no structural transition occurs for (La0.9Sr0.1) (Zn0.9Mn0.1) AsO below 300 K. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2014 C1 [Ding, Cui; Gong, Xin; Man, Huiyuan; Zhi, Guoxiang; Guo, Shengli; Ning, F. L.] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Phys, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Yang] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Yang] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wang, Hangdong; Chen, Bin] Hangzhou Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RP Ding, C (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Dept Phys, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM ningfl@zju.edu.cn RI Man, Huiyuan/K-9747-2013 OI Man, Huiyuan/0000-0002-6594-2651 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2014CB921203, 2011CBA00103]; NSF of China [11274268] FX The work at Zhejiang was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2014CB921203, 2011CBA00103), NSF of China (No. 11274268). FLN acknowledges helpful discussions with I. MAZIN, I. ZUTIC, Y. J. UEMURA and C. Q. JIN. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 EI 1286-4854 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD JUL PY 2014 VL 107 IS 1 AR 17004 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/107/17004 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AN7EB UT WOS:000340760500028 ER PT J AU Miskowiec, A Buck, ZN Brown, MC Kaiser, H Hansen, FY King, GM Taub, H Jiji, R Cooley, JW Tyagi, M Diallo, SO Mamontov, E Herwig, KW AF Miskowiec, A. Buck, Z. N. Brown, M. C. Kaiser, H. Hansen, F. Y. King, G. M. Taub, H. Jiji, R. Cooley, J. W. Tyagi, M. Diallo, S. O. Mamontov, E. Herwig, K. W. TI On the freezing behavior and diffusion of water in proximity to single-supported zwitterionic and anionic bilayer lipid membranes SO EPL LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DEUTERON MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; HYDRATION; STATE; NMR AB We compare the freezing/melting behavior of water hydrating single-supported bilayers of a zwitterionic lipid DMPC with that of an anionic lipid DMPG. For both membranes, the temperature dependence of the elastically scattered neutron intensity indicates distinct water types undergoing translational diffusion: bulk-like water probably located above the membrane and two types of confined water closer to the lipid head groups. The membranes differ in the greater width Delta T of the water freezing transition near the anionic DMPG bilayer (Delta T similar to 70 K) compared to zwitterionic DMPC (Delta T similar to 20 K) as well as in the abruptness of the freezing/melting transitions of the bulk-like water. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2014 C1 [Miskowiec, A.; Buck, Z. N.; Kaiser, H.; King, G. M.; Taub, H.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Miskowiec, A.; Buck, Z. N.; Kaiser, H.; King, G. M.; Taub, H.] Univ Missouri, Univ Missouri Res Reactor, Columbia, MO USA. [Brown, M. C.; Jiji, R.; Cooley, J. W.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Hansen, F. Y.] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Chem, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Tyagi, M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tyagi, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Diallo, S. O.; Mamontov, E.; Herwig, K. W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Taub, H (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM taubh@missouri.edu RI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015; Diallo, Souleymane/B-3111-2016; OI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675; Diallo, Souleymane/0000-0002-3369-8391; JiJi, Renee/0000-0003-0399-4648 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [DMR-0705974, DGE-1069091]; NSF [DMR-0454672]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. DMR-0705974 and DGE-1069091 and utilized facilities supported in part by the NSF under agreement No. DMR-0454672. A portion of this research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. We thank Dan A. NEUMANN and IOAN KOSZTIN for helpful discussions. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 EI 1286-4854 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD JUL PY 2014 VL 107 IS 2 AR 28008 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/107/28008 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AN7KX UT WOS:000340779900035 ER PT J AU Dennis, T Schlager, JB Bertness, KA AF Dennis, Tasshi Schlager, John B. Bertness, Kris A. TI A Novel Solar Simulator Based on a Supercontinuum Laser for Solar Cell Device and Materials Characterization SO IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article DE External quantum efficiency (EQE); metrology; microscopy; multijunction; optical-beam-induced current; photovoltaic; responsivity; solar cell; solar simulator; spectral mismatch; supercontinuum laser AB The design, operation, and application of a novel solar simulator based on a high-power supercontinuum fiber laser are described. The simulator features a multisun irradiance with continuous spectral coverage from the visible to the infrared. By use of a prism-based spectral shaper, the simulator can be matched to any desired spectral profile, including the ASTM G-173-03 air-mass 1.5 reference spectrum. The simulator was used to measure the efficiency of gallium arsenide (GaAs), crystalline silicon (Si), amorphous Si, and copper-indium-gallium-selenide (CIGS) thin-film solar cells, showing agreement with independent measurements. The pulsed temporal characteristic of the simulator was studied and would appear to have a negligible influence on measured cell efficiency. The simulator light was focused to a spot of approximately 8 mu m in diameter and used to create micrometer-scale spatial maps of full spectrum optical-beam-induced current. Microscopic details such as grid lines, damage spots, and material variations were selectively excited and resolved on GaAs and CIGS cells. The spectral shaping capabilities were used to create output spectra appropriate for selectively light-biasing multijunction cell layers. The simulator was used to create variable blue-rich and red-rich spectra that were applied to a GaInP/GaAs tandem solar cell to illustrate the current-limiting behavior. C1 [Dennis, Tasshi; Schlager, John B.; Bertness, Kris A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Dennis, T (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tasshi@nist.gov; john.schlager@nist.gov; bertness@boulder.nist.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 28 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-3381 J9 IEEE J PHOTOVOLT JI IEEE J. Photovolt. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 4 IS 4 BP 1119 EP 1127 DI 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2014.2321659 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA AN8FA UT WOS:000340837500017 ER PT J AU Ballard, JB Owen, JHG Owen, W Alexander, JR Fuchs, E Randall, JN Von Ehr, JR McDonnell, S Dick, DD Wallace, RM Chabal, YJ Bischof, MR Jaeger, DL Reidy, RF Fu, J Namboodiri, P Li, K Silver, RM AF Ballard, Joshua B. Owen, James H. G. Owen, William Alexander, Justin R. Fuchs, Ehud Randall, John N. Von Ehr, James R. McDonnell, Stephen Dick, Don D. Wallace, Robert M. Chabal, Yves J. Bischof, Maia R. Jaeger, David L. Reidy, Richard F. Fu, Joseph Namboodiri, Pradeep Li, Kai Silver, Richard M. TI Pattern transfer of hydrogen depassivation lithography patterns into silicon with atomically traceable placement and size control SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; LAYER DEPOSITION; SURFACE; DESORPTION; METROLOGY; SYSTEMS; GATE; SEM AB Reducing the scale of etched nanostructures below the 10 nm range eventually will require an atomic scale understanding of the masks being used in order to maintain exquisite control over both feature size and feature density. Here, the authors demonstrate a method for tracking atomically resolved and controlled structures from initial template definition through final nanostructure metrology, opening up a pathway for top-down atomic control over nanofabrication. First, hydrogen depassivation lithography is performed on hydrogen terminated Si(100) using a scanning tunneling microscope, which spatially defined chemically reactive regions. Next, atomic layer deposition of titanium dioxide produces an etch-resistant hard mask pattern on these regions. Reactive ion etching then transfers the mask pattern onto Si with pattern height of 17 nm, critical dimension of approximately 6 nm, and full-pitch down to 13 nm. The effects of linewidth, template atomic defect density, and line-edge roughness are examined in the context of controlling fabrication with arbitrary feature control, suggesting a possible critical dimension down to 2 nm on 10 nm tall features. A metrology standard is demonstrated, where the atomically resolved mask template is used to determine the size of a nanofabricated sample showing a route to image correction. (C) 2014 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Ballard, Joshua B.; Owen, James H. G.; Owen, William; Alexander, Justin R.; Fuchs, Ehud; Randall, John N.; Von Ehr, James R.] Zyvex Labs, Richardson, TX 75081 USA. [McDonnell, Stephen; Dick, Don D.; Wallace, Robert M.; Chabal, Yves J.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Nat Sci & Engn Lab, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [McDonnell, Stephen; Dick, Don D.; Wallace, Robert M.; Chabal, Yves J.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Phys, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Bischof, Maia R.; Jaeger, David L.; Reidy, Richard F.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Fu, Joseph; Namboodiri, Pradeep; Li, Kai; Silver, Richard M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ballard, JB (reprint author), Zyvex Labs, 1301 North Plano Rd, Richardson, TX 75081 USA. EM jballard@zyvexlabs.com RI McDonnell, Stephen/E-1868-2011; Li, Kai/J-5494-2015; Wallace, Robert/A-5283-2008 OI McDonnell, Stephen/0000-0001-9173-2060; Wallace, Robert/0000-0001-5566-4806 FU DARPA [N66001-08-C-2040]; Emerging Technology Fund of the State of Texas FX This work was supported by a Contract from DARPA (N66001-08-C-2040) and by a grant from the Emerging Technology Fund of the State of Texas. Certain equipment and materials are described in this article in order to specify clearly the experimental procedures used. In no case does this imply a recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology or that the equipment or materials are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL PY 2014 VL 32 IS 4 AR 041804 DI 10.1116/1.4890484 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA AO2RP UT WOS:000341173200027 ER PT J AU Gohad, NV Aldred, N Hartshorn, CM Lee, YJ Cicerone, MT Orihuela, B Clare, AS Rittschof, D Mount, AS AF Gohad, Neeraj V. Aldred, Nick Hartshorn, Christopher M. Lee, Young Jong Cicerone, Marcus T. Orihuela, Beatriz Clare, Anthony S. Rittschof, Dan Mount, Andrew S. TI Synergistic roles for lipids and proteins in the permanent adhesive of barnacle larvae SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID STOKES-RAMAN SCATTERING; RESISTANT MARINE COATINGS; BALANUS-AMPHITRITE; CARS MICROSCOPY; IN-SITU; CEMENT; NORADRENALINE; SPECTROSCOPY; BALANOIDES; EXOCYTOSIS AB Thoracian barnacles rely heavily upon their ability to adhere to surfaces and are environmentally and economically important as biofouling pests. Their adhesives have unique attributes that define them as targets for bio-inspired adhesive development. With the aid of multi-photon and broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopies, we report that the larval adhesive of barnacle cyprids is a bi-phasic system containing lipids and phosphoproteins, working synergistically to maximize adhesion to diverse surfaces under hostile conditions. Lipids, secreted first, possibly displace water from the surface interface creating a conducive environment for introduction of phosphoproteins while simultaneously modulating the spreading of the protein phase and protecting the nascent adhesive plaque from bacterial biodegradation. The two distinct phases are contained within two different granules in the cyprid cement glands, implying far greater complexity than previously recognized. Knowledge of the lipidic contribution will hopefully inspire development of novel synthetic bioadhesives and environmentally benign antifouling coatings. C1 [Gohad, Neeraj V.; Mount, Andrew S.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Aldred, Nick; Clare, Anthony S.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Hartshorn, Christopher M.; Lee, Young Jong; Cicerone, Marcus T.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Orihuela, Beatriz; Rittschof, Dan] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Gohad, NV (reprint author), Clemson Univ, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM ngohad@gmail.com RI Lee, Young Jong/B-7129-2008; Aldred, Nick/H-7896-2012; OI Lee, Young Jong/0000-0001-7754-3001; Clare, Anthony/0000-0002-7692-9583 FU US Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-1-0183, N00014-11-1-0784, N00014-08-1-1240, N00014-13-1-0634, N00014-13-1-0633, N00014-11-1-0180, N00014-12-1-0365]; Office of Naval Research [N62909-11-1-4005] FX Financial support is gratefully acknowledged from US Office of Naval Research, Grant numbers N00014-11-1-0183 and N00014-11-1-0784 to N.V.G. and A.S.M., N00014-08-1-1240 and N00014-13-1-0634 to A.S.C., N00014-13-1-0633 to A.S.C. and N.A., N00014-11-1-0180 and N00014-12-1-0365 to D. R. and Office of Naval Research Global grant no. N62909-11-1-4005 to N.A. NR 54 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 10 U2 88 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 5 AR 4414 DI 10.1038/ncomms5414 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AN5IB UT WOS:000340622900006 PM 25014570 ER PT J AU Carr, SM Woods, SI Jung, TM Carter, AC Datla, RU AF Carr, S. M. Woods, S. I. Jung, T. M. Carter, A. C. Datla, R. U. TI Experimental measurements and noise analysis of a cryogenic radiometer SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE DETECTORS; THERMAL AGITATION; TRANSITION; THERMOMETRY; PERFORMANCE; PRINCIPLES; CONDUCTORS; STANDARD; PHYSICS AB A cryogenic radiometer device, intended for use as part of an electrical-substitution radiometer, was measured at low temperature. The device consists of a receiver cavity mechanically and thermally connected to a temperature-controlled stage through a thin-walled polyimide tube which serves as a weak thermal link. With the temperature difference between the receiver and the stage measured in millikelvin and the electrical power measured in picowatts, the measured responsivity was 4700 K/mW and the measured thermal time constant was 14 s at a stage temperature of 1.885 K. Noise analysis in terms of Noise Equivalent Power (NEP) was used to quantify the various fundamental and technical noise contributions, including phonon noise and Johnson-Nyquist noise. The noise analysis clarifies the path toward a cryogenic radiometer with a noise floor limited by fundamental phonon noise, where the magnitude of the phonon NEP is 6.5 fW/root Hz for the measured experimental parameters. C1 [Carr, S. M.; Woods, S. I.; Jung, T. M.; Carter, A. C.; Datla, R. U.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Carr, SM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 85 IS 7 AR 075105 DI 10.1063/1.4883191 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AO2SQ UT WOS:000341176600052 PM 25085171 ER PT J AU White, AE Watkins-Brandt, KS McKibben, SM Wood, AM Hunter, M Forster, Z Du, XN Peterson, WT AF White, Angelicque E. Watkins-Brandt, Katie S. McKibben, S. Morgaine Wood, A. Michelle Hunter, Matthew Forster, Zach Du, Xiuning Peterson, William T. TI Large-scale bloom of Akashiwo sanguinea in the Northern California current system in 2009 SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Akashiwo sanguinea; Cysts; Dinoglagellates; HABS; Harmful algal blooms; Seabird mortality; Surf zone; Upwelling ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; UPWELLING SYSTEMS; RED TIDE; COASTAL LAGOON; PHYTOPLANKTON; OREGON; GROWTH; WATERS; USA AB Significant seabird mortality on the Oregon (OR) and Washington (WA) coast in 2009 has been attributed to a massive bloom of the dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea (K. Hirasaka) G. Hansen & O. Moestrup. Initial, albeit limited, observations suggested this bloom began in WA and reached OR waters through southward transport. Here, we explore a combination of remote sensing products and an exceptional latitudinal dataset of plankton counts collected in the surfzone and offshore in OR and WA coastal waters. Records of satellite ocean color for this period support the new finding that blooms were concurrent in OR and WA waters, with no evidence for latitudinal propagation as had been previously suggested. Plankton analyses further indicate that there was a rapid and synchronized increase of A. sanguinea between late August and mid-September of 2009 along wide swaths of the OR and WA coasts. Bloom onset occurred during a prolonged quiescent and warm period in late August-early September, near the end of the March-October upwelling phase. An upwelling event in October likely contributed to foam production through vertical mixing of A. sanguinea rich waters. Bloom intensity peaked earlier and at higher levels in WA waters as compared to OR with cell concentrations exceeding 1.5 x 10(6) cells L-1 (WA) and similar to 350,000 cells L-1 (OR). In OR samples, A. sanguinea cells comprised upwards of 90% of dinoflagellate cell counts and similar to 30% of total phytoplankton cells. At some locations, A. sanguinea persisted well into November-December of 2009, during which time satellite sea surface temperature records indicated anomalously warm surface waters (up to similar to 5 degrees C greater than climatological means). Taken together, the data reveal a HAB event of a magnitude unprecedented in over a decade of observations. We hypothesize that these blooms originated from either a cryptic cyst bed and/or a pelagic seed bank of viable vegetative cells. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [White, Angelicque E.; Watkins-Brandt, Katie S.; McKibben, S. Morgaine] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wood, A. Michelle] Univ Oregon, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Hunter, Matthew] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Astoria, OR USA. [Forster, Zach] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Willapa Bay Field Stn, Ocean Park, WA USA. [Du, Xiuning; Peterson, William T.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Du, Xiuning; Peterson, William T.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP White, AE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 CEOAS Admin, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM awhite@coas.oregonstate.edu FU NOAA [NA07NOS4780195, NA08NES4400013] FX This study was supported by NOAA grant NA07NOS4780195 (to AW, MW and WP) from the Monitoring and Event Response for Harmful Algal Blooms (MERHAB) program and NA08NES4400013 to the Cooperative Institute for Oceanographic Satellite Studies (CIOSS). We are grateful to Sharnelle Fee, Director of the Wildlife Center of the North Coast and Roy W. Lowe, Project Leader, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for sharing data and experiences with seabird rehabilitation during this event along with all of the volunteers who tirelessly collected birds for rehabilitation. We also thank Nick Tufillaro for access to MERIS data and the Olympic Region HAB Partnership for their collegiality and data sharing. [TS] NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD JUL PY 2014 VL 37 BP 38 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2014.05.004 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN1DM UT WOS:000340322900005 ER PT J AU Lu, XM Hu, YX Trepte, C Zeng, S Churnside, JH AF Lu, Xiaomei Hu, Yongxiang Trepte, Charles Zeng, Shan Churnside, James H. TI Ocean subsurface studies with the CALIPSO spaceborne lidar SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS; OCEANOGRAPHIC LIDAR; SURFACE; WATER; PERFORMANCE; INFORMATION; SCATTERING; ALTIMETRY; SIGNALS; TAIL AB The primary objective of the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) mission is to study the climate impact of clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere. However, recent studies have demonstrated that CALIPSO also collects information about the ocean subsurface. The objective of this study is to estimate the ocean subsurface backscatter from CALIPSO lidar measurements. The effects of the lidar receiver's transient response on the attenuated backscatter were first removed in order to obtain the correct attenuated backscatter profile. The empirical relationship between sea surface lidar backscatter and wind speed was used to estimate the theoretical ocean surface backscatter. Then the two-way atmospheric transmittance was estimated as the ratio between the corrected ocean surface backscatter and the theoretical one. The ocean subsurface backscatter was finally derived from the subsurface attenuated backscatter divided by the two-way atmospheric transmittance. Significant relationships between integrated subsurface backscatter and chlorophyll-a concentration and between integrated subsurface backscatter and particulate organic carbon were found, which indicate a potential use of CALIPSO lidar to estimate global chlorophyll-a and particulate organic carbon concentrations. C1 [Lu, Xiaomei; Zeng, Shan] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Postdoctoral Program, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Hu, Yongxiang; Trepte, Charles] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Climate Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Churnside, James H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hu, YX (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Climate Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM yongxiang.hu-1@nasa.gov RI Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012; Churnside, James/H-4873-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU NASA FX This research was supported by Xiaomei Lu's appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the NASA Langley Research Center administered by Oak Ridge Associated University through a contract with NASA. She also thanks the Science Systems & Applications, Inc. (SSAI) in Hampton, VA for providing the office space and computer support. We would like to thank J. P. Matthews from Kyoto University and the anonymous reviewers for their substantial comments and suggestions that led to the improvement of this manuscript. CALIPSO data were obtained from NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center (https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/HORDERBIN/HTML_Start.cgi). MODIS Aqua chlorophyll-a and POC concentrations were provided by the NASA Ocean Color Data Web (http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov). AMSR-E wind speed products were obtained from National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) Earth-Observing System Data Pool (ftp://n5eil01u.ecs.nsidc.org/SAN/AMSA/). The in situ diffuse attenuation data were from the NASA SeaBASS archive (http://seabass.gsfc.nasa.gov/). NR 33 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL PY 2014 VL 119 IS 7 BP 4305 EP 4317 DI 10.1002/2014JC009970 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AN2LA UT WOS:000340415500017 ER PT J AU Nagura, M McPhaden, MJ AF Nagura, Motoki McPhaden, Michael J. TI Zonal momentum budget along the equator in the Indian Ocean from a high-resolution ocean general circulation model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID ROSSBY GRAVITY-WAVES; INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; SURFACE CURRENT; CURRENTS; DYNAMICS; BOUNDARY; WIND; PACIFIC AB This study examines the zonal momentum budget along the equator in the Indian Ocean in a high-resolution ocean general circulation model. Wyrtki Jets, wind-driven eastward flows in the upper 100 m that appear typically twice per year in boreal spring and fall, are a prominent feature of the ocean circulation in this region. Our results indicate that nonlinearity associated with these jets is an important element of the zonal momentum budget, with wind driven eastward momentum advected downward into the thermocline. This advection results in annually averaged zonal currents that flow against the zonal pressure gradient in the upper 200 m, such that there is no mean subsurface undercurrent in the Indian Ocean as there is in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Zonal momentum is further distributed along the equator by zonal advection, with eastward flow substantially enhanced in the eastern basin relative to the western basin. Meridional advection, though generally weak, tends to decelerate surface eastward flow along the equator. These results contrast with those from previous idealized wind-forced model experiments that primarily emphasized the importance of vertical momentum advection. Also, beyond semiannual period fluctuations, significant momentum advection results from a broad range of interacting processes, spanning intraseasonal to interannual time scales. We conclude that proper simulation of zonal flows along the equator in the Indian Ocean, including their climatically relevant impacts on the mass and heat balance, requires accurate representation of nonlinearities that derive from a broad range of time and space scales. C1 [Nagura, Motoki] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Nagura, M (reprint author), Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, 2-15 Natsushimacho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. EM nagura@jamstec.go.jp RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL PY 2014 VL 119 IS 7 BP 4444 EP 4461 DI 10.1002/2014JC009895 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AN2LA UT WOS:000340415500026 ER PT J AU Gaultier, L Djath, B Verron, J Brankart, JM Brasseur, P Melet, A AF Gaultier, Lucile Djath, Bughsin' Verron, Jacques Brankart, Jean-Michel Brasseur, Pierre Melet, Angelique TI Inversion of submesoscale patterns from a high-resolution Solomon Sea model: Feasibility assessment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID LAGRANGIAN COHERENT STRUCTURES; CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; TIME LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; 2-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; NORTH PACIFIC; MESOSCALE; VARIABILITY; SPECTRA; ASSIMILATION AB A high-resolution realistic numerical model of the Solomon Sea, which exhibits a high level of variability at mesoscales and submesoscales, is used to explore new avenues for data assimilation. Image data assimilation represents a powerful methodology to integrate information from high-resolution observations such as satellite sea surface temperature or chlorophyll, or high-resolution altimetric sea surface height that will be observed in the forthcoming SWOT mission. The present study investigates the feasibility and accuracy of the inversion of the dynamical submesoscale information contained in high-resolution images of sea surface temperature (SST) or salinity (SSS) to improve the estimation of oceanic surface currents. The inversion method is tested in the context of twin experiments, with SST and SSS data provided by a model of the Solomon Sea. For that purpose, synthetic tracer images are built by binarizing the norm of the gradient of SST, SSS or spiciness. The binarized tracer images are compared to the dynamical image which is derived from the Finite-Size Lyapunov Exponents. The adjustment of the dynamical image to the tracer image provides the optimal correction to be applied on the surface velocity field. The method is evaluated by comparing the result of the inversion to the reference model solution. The feasibility of the inversion of various images (SST, SSS, both SST and SSS or spiciness) is explored on two small areas of the Solomon Sea. We show that errors in the surface velocity field can be substantially reduced through the inversion of tracer images. C1 [Gaultier, Lucile; Djath, Bughsin'; Verron, Jacques; Brankart, Jean-Michel; Brasseur, Pierre] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LGGE, Grenoble, France. [Melet, Angelique] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Gaultier, L (reprint author), Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LGGE, Grenoble, France. EM lucile.gaultier@legi.grenoble-inp.fr FU CNES (French Space Agency); CNRS (French National Research center) FX This research has been conducted with the support of the CNES (French Space Agency) and the CNRS (French National Research center). Numerical simulations and inversions have been performed on IBM parallel supercomputer at the French IDRIS/CNRS computing center. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL PY 2014 VL 119 IS 7 BP 4520 EP 4541 DI 10.1002/2013JC009660 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AN2LA UT WOS:000340415500031 ER PT J AU Hristova, HG Kessler, WS McWilliams, JC Molemaker, MJ AF Hristova, Hristina G. Kessler, William S. McWilliams, James C. Molemaker, M. Jeroen TI Mesoscale variability and its seasonality in the Solomon and Coral Seas SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT; SUBMESOSCALE TRANSITION; BOUNDARY CURRENT; CURRENT SYSTEM; ZONAL JETS; CIRCULATION; OCEAN; SURFACE AB High-resolution (4 km) climatologically forced ocean model, validated by altimetry and glider data, is used to characterize the vertical and seasonal variations of mesoscale variability in the Solomon and Coral Seas. The highest eddy kinetic energy (EKE) in the southwest Pacific is found subsurface in the Gulf of Papua, at the depth of the low-latitude western boundary current velocity core. Variability associated with the western boundary current, especially downstream of topographic obstacles, dominates the thermocline and intermediate level EKE. By contrast, surface EKE is generally enhanced in the southwest Pacific with a pronounced annual cycle that has a phase difference between small-scale and large-scale variability. Large mesoscale eddies account for most of the surface EKE and its annual modulation. The June maximum of surface EKE in the Solomon Sea and the December maximum in the Coral Sea can be accounted for by local instabilities of large-scale currents. Small mesoscale eddies, predominantly cyclonic, are abundant in late winter (August to September), coinciding with the timing of deepest mixed layer and strongest vertical velocity. They contribute to the spatially uniform surface-enhanced EKE over the top 100 m, not associated with the western boundary current. In the Coral Sea, small mesoscale eddies are generated mostly by open-ocean surface baroclinic instabilities, while in the land-bounded Solomon Sea near-boundary instabilities and topographic generation are also important. C1 [Hristova, Hristina G.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hristova, Hristina G.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hristova, Hristina G.; Kessler, William S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [McWilliams, James C.; Molemaker, M. Jeroen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Hristova, HG (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM hristina.hristova@noaa.gov FU NASA [NA10OAR4320148, NA11NMF4320128]; ONR [N00014-12-1-0105, N00014-12-1-0939] FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. We also thank the engineers of the Instrument Development Group at Scripps for building, calibrating, and deploying the gliders in the Solomon Sea. The altimeter products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by AVISO, with support from CNES (http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/duacs/). This work was cofunded by NASA grants NA10OAR4320148 and NA11NMF4320128 and ONR grants N00014-12-1-0105 and N00014-12-1-0939. This is contribution 4095 from the NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 2186 from JISAO, and 13-387 from JIMAR. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL PY 2014 VL 119 IS 7 BP 4669 EP 4687 DI 10.1002/2013JC009741 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AN2LA UT WOS:000340415500040 ER PT J AU Ni, BB Li, W Thorne, RM Bortnik, J Green, JC Kletzing, CA Kurth, WS Hospodarsky, GB Pich, MDS AF Ni, Binbin Li, Wen Thorne, Richard M. Bortnik, Jacob Green, Janet C. Kletzing, Craig A. Kurth, William S. Hospodarsky, George B. Pich, Maria de Soria-Santacruz TI A novel technique to construct the global distribution of whistler mode chorus wave intensity using low-altitude POES electron data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-BELT ELECTRONS; PITCH-ANGLE DIFFUSION; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; RESONANT SCATTERING; LOCAL ACCELERATION; PRECIPITATION; HISS; DRIVEN AB Although magnetospheric chorus plays a significant role in the acceleration and loss of radiation belt electrons, its global evolution during any specific time period cannot be directly obtained by spacecraft measurements. Using the low-altitude NOAA Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite (POES) electron data, we develop a novel physics-based methodology to infer the chorus wave intensity and construct its global distribution with a time resolution of less than an hour. We describe in detail how to apply the technique to satellite data by performing two representative analyses, i.e., (i) for one specific time point to visualize the estimation procedure and (ii) for a particular time period to validate the method and construct an illustrative global chorus wave model. We demonstrate that the spatiotemporal evolution of chorus intensity in the equatorial magnetosphere can be reasonably estimated from electron flux measurements made by multiple low-altitude POES satellites with a broad coverage of L shell and magnetic local time. Such a data-based, dynamic model of chorus waves can provide near-real-time wave information on a global scale for any time period where POES electron data are available. A combination of the chorus wave spatiotemporal distribution acquired using this methodology and the direct spaceborne wave measurements can be used to evaluate the quantitative scattering caused by resonant wave-particle interactions and thus model radiation belt electron variability. C1 [Ni, Binbin] Wuhan Univ, Dept Space Phys, Sch Elect Informat, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. [Ni, Binbin; Li, Wen; Thorne, Richard M.; Bortnik, Jacob; Pich, Maria de Soria-Santacruz] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Green, Janet C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Kletzing, Craig A.; Kurth, William S.; Hospodarsky, George B.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Ni, BB (reprint author), Wuhan Univ, Dept Space Phys, Sch Elect Informat, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. EM bbni@whu.edu.cn OI Kletzing, Craig/0000-0002-4136-3348; Kurth, William/0000-0002-5471-6202; Hospodarsky, George/0000-0001-9200-9878 FU JHU/APL [967399, 921647]; JHU/APL under the NASA [NAS5-01072]; EMFISIS [1001057397:01]; NASA [NNX11AD75G, NNX11AR64G, NNX12AD12G, NNX13AI61G]; NSFC [41204120]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2042014kf0251] FX This work was supported by JHU/APL contracts 967399 and 921647 under the NASA's prime contract NAS5-01072. The analysis at the UCLA was supported by the EMFISIS subaward 1001057397:01, NASA grants NNX11AD75G and NNX11AR64G, NNX12AD12G, and NNX13AI61G. B.N. also acknowledges the support from the NSFC grant 41204120 and from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities grant 2042014kf0251. The POES data were obtained from http://satdat.ngdc.noaa.gov/sem/poes/data/, and the Van Allen Probes EMFISIS data were obtained from https://emfisis.physics.uiowa.edu/data/index. NR 65 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 119 IS 7 BP 5685 EP 5699 DI 10.1002/2014JA019935 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AN4HT UT WOS:000340549000040 ER PT J AU Chang, DE Sinha, K Taylor, JM Kimble, HJ AF Chang, D. E. Sinha, K. Taylor, J. M. Kimble, H. J. TI Trapping atoms using nanoscale quantum vacuum forces SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ULTRACOLD ATOMS; SURFACE; TRAPS; LIGHT; NANOCAVITIES; WAVE AB Quantum vacuum forces dictate the interaction between individual atoms and dielectric surfaces at nanoscale distances. For example, their large strengths typically overwhelm externally applied forces, which makes it challenging to controllably interface cold atoms with nearby nanophotonic systems. Here we theoretically show that it is possible to tailor the vacuum forces themselves to provide strong trapping potentials. Our proposed trapping scheme takes advantage of the attractive ground-state potential and adiabatic dressing with an excited state whose potential is engineered to be resonantly enhanced and repulsive. This procedure yields a strong metastable trap, with the fraction of excited-state population scaling inversely with the quality factor of the resonance of the dielectric structure. We analyse realistic limitations to the trap lifetime and discuss possible applications that might emerge from the large trap depths and nanoscale confinement. C1 [Chang, D. E.] ICFO Inst Ciencies Foton, Barcelona 08860, Spain. [Sinha, K.; Taylor, J. M.] Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Taylor, J. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kimble, H. J.] CALTECH, IQIM, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kimble, H. J.] CALTECH, Norman Bridge Lab Phys 12 33, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Chang, DE (reprint author), ICFO Inst Ciencies Foton, Mediterranean Technol Pk, Barcelona 08860, Spain. EM darrick.chang@icfo.es RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594 FU Fundacio Privada Cellex Barcelona; NSF Physics Frontier Center at the JQI; US Army Research Office MURI award [W911NF0910406]; IQIM; Moore Foundation; AFOSR QuMPASS MURI; DoD NSSEFF program; NSF [PHY-1205729] FX We thank N. Stern and O. Painter for helpful discussions. D.E.C. acknowledges support from Fundacio Privada Cellex Barcelona. K.S. was funded by the NSF Physics Frontier Center at the JQI. J.M.T. acknowledges funding from the NSF Physics Frontier Center at the JQI and the US Army Research Office MURI award W911NF0910406. H.J.K. acknowledges funding from the IQIM, an NSF Physics Frontier Center with support of the Moore Foundation, by the AFOSR QuMPASS MURI, by the DoD NSSEFF program, and by NSF PHY-1205729. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 22 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 5 AR 4343 DI 10.1038/ncomms5343 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AN5FI UT WOS:000340615500034 PM 25008119 ER PT J AU Saba, GK Fraser, WR Saba, VS Iannuzzi, RA Coleman, KE Doney, SC Ducklow, HW Martinson, DG Miles, TN Patterson-Fraser, DL Stammerjohn, SE Steinberg, DK Schofield, OM AF Saba, Grace K. Fraser, William R. Saba, Vincent S. Iannuzzi, Richard A. Coleman, Kaycee E. Doney, Scott C. Ducklow, Hugh W. Martinson, Douglas G. Miles, Travis N. Patterson-Fraser, Donna L. Stammerjohn, Sharon E. Steinberg, Deborah K. Schofield, Oscar M. TI Winter and spring controls on the summer food web of the coastal West Antarctic Peninsula SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID KRILL EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; SOUTHERN ANNULAR MODE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEA-ICE; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; VARIABILITY; PHYTOPLANKTON; DISTRIBUTIONS; OCEAN; RECRUITMENT AB Understanding the mechanisms by which climate variability affects multiple trophic levels in food webs is essential for determining ecosystem responses to climate change. Here we use over two decades of data collected by the Palmer Long Term Ecological Research program (PAL-LTER) to determine how large-scale climate and local physical forcing affect phytoplankton, zooplankton and an apex predator along the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). We show that positive anomalies in chlorophyll-a (chl-a) at Palmer Station, occurring every 4-6 years, are constrained by physical processes in the preceding winter/spring and a negative phase of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Favorable conditions for phytoplankton included increased winter ice extent and duration, reduced spring/summer winds, and increased water column stability via enhanced salinity-driven density gradients. Years of positive chl-a anomalies are associated with the initiation of a robust krill cohort the following summer, which is evident in Adelie penguin diets, thus demonstrating tight trophic coupling. Projected climate change in this region may have a significant, negative impact on phytoplankton biomass, krill recruitment and upper trophic level predators in this coastal Antarctic ecosystem. C1 [Saba, Grace K.; Coleman, Kaycee E.; Miles, Travis N.; Schofield, Oscar M.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Fraser, William R.; Patterson-Fraser, Donna L.] Polar Oceans Res Grp, Sheridan, MT 59749 USA. [Saba, Vincent S.] Princeton Univ, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm,Geophys Fluid Dynam La, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Iannuzzi, Richard A.; Ducklow, Hugh W.; Martinson, Douglas G.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY 10964 USA. [Doney, Scott C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Stammerjohn, Sharon E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Stammerjohn, Sharon E.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arct & Alpine Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Steinberg, Deborah K.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Saba, GK (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM saba@marine.rutgers.edu RI Miles, Travis/L-7918-2013; Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010 OI Miles, Travis/0000-0003-1992-0248; schofield, oscar/0000-0003-2359-4131; STAMMERJOHN, SHARON/0000-0002-1697-8244; Coleman, Kaycee/0000-0002-6935-2923; Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437 FU LTER Program of the US National Science Foundation [ANT-0823101]; NSF [OPP-9011927, OPP-9632763, OPP-0217282] FX We thank Raytheon Polar Services and Lockheed Martin, the captain and crew of the R.V. Laurence M. Gould, and the Palmer Station crew for field assistance. We also acknowledge the many current and former PAL-LTER team members for their assistance with field sampling and processing and analysing samples. We thank Simon Wright and Udi Zelzion for assistance with CHEMTAX and data analysis, respectively. The research was supported by the LTER Program of the US National Science Foundation (ANT-0823101). Data from the PAL-LTER data repository were supported by Office of Polar Programs, NSF Grants OPP-9011927, OPP-9632763 and OPP-0217282. NR 63 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 12 U2 101 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 5 AR 4318 DI 10.1038/ncomms5318 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AN5FI UT WOS:000340615500009 PM 25000452 ER PT J AU Kieu, C Minh, PT Mai, HT AF Chanh Kieu Pham Thi Minh Hoang Thi Mai TI An Application of the Multi-Physics Ensemble Kalman Filter to Typhoon Forecast SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE LETKF; ensemble data assimilation; multi-physics ensemble ID SCALE DATA ASSIMILATION; MODEL ERRORS; SENSITIVITY; PRECIPITATION; SCHEMES; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATIONS; SYSTEM; TESTS; NCEP AB This study examines the roles of the multi-physics approach in accounting for model errors for typhoon forecasts with the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF). Experiments with forecasts of Typhoon Conson (2010) using the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model show that use of the WRF's multiple physical parameterization schemes to represent the model uncertainties can help the LETKF provide better forecasts of Typhoon Conson in terms of the forecast errors, the ensemble spread, the root mean square errors, the cross-correlation between mass and wind field as well as the coherent structure of the ensemble spread along the storm center. Sensitivity experiments with the WRF model show that the optimum number of the multi-physics ensemble is roughly equal to the number of combinations of different physics schemes assigned in the multi-physics ensemble. Additional idealized experiments with the Lorenz 40-variable model to isolate the dual roles of the multi-physics ensemble in correcting model errors and expanding the local ensemble space show that the multi-physics approach appears to be more essential in augmenting the local rank representation of the LETKF algorithm rather than directly accounting for model errors during the early cycles. The results in this study suggest that the multi-physics approach is a good option for short-range forecast applications with full physics models in which the spinup of the ensemble Kalman filter may take too long for the ensemble spread to capture efficiently model errors and cross-correlations among model variables. C1 [Chanh Kieu] Vietnam Natl Univ, Lab Weather & Climate Forecasting, Hanoi Coll Sci, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam. [Pham Thi Minh; Hoang Thi Mai] Vietnam Natl Univ, Hanoi Coll Sci, Ctr Environm Fluid Dynam, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam. [Chanh Kieu] NOAA NWS NCEP EMC, IM Syst Grp, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Kieu, C (reprint author), Vietnam Natl Univ, Lab Weather & Climate Forecasting, Hanoi Coll Sci, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam. EM chanhkq@vnu.edu.vn FU Vietnam Ministry of Science and Technology Foundation [DT.NCCB-DHUD.2011-G/10] FX This research was supported by the Vietnam Ministry of Science and Technology Foundation (DT.NCCB-DHUD.2011-G/10). We would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their very constructive comments and suggestions, which helped improve the manuscript substantially. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 171 IS 7 BP 1473 EP 1497 DI 10.1007/s00024-013-0681-y PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AN3IN UT WOS:000340480700023 ER PT J AU Zhu, YQ Derber, J Collard, A Dee, D Treadon, R Gayno, G Jung, JA AF Zhu, Yanqiu Derber, John Collard, Andrew Dee, Dick Treadon, Russ Gayno, George Jung, James A. TI Enhanced radiance bias correction in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction's Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation data assimilation system SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE radiance bias correction; data assimilation; GSI ID RECURSIVE FILTERS; NUMERICAL ASPECTS; COVARIANCES AB Radiance bias correction is an important and necessary step in the proper use of satellite observations in a data assimilation system. The original radiance bias-correction scheme used in the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) data assimilation system consists of two components: a variational air-mass dependent component and a scan-angle component. The air-mass component is updated within the GSI, while the scan-angle component is updated outside the GSI. This study examines and enhances several aspects of the radiance bias-correction problem. First, a modified pre-conditioning is applied to the bias-correction coefficients and the analysis variables to speed up convergence of the minimization process. A new procedure for applying the modified pre-conditioning in the GSI is utilized. Second, capabilities for detecting any new/missing/recovering radiance data and initializing the bias correction for new radiance data are implemented. A new scheme is proposed and employed to adjust the background-error variances for the bias-correction coefficients automatically, using an approximation of the analysis-error variances from the previous cycle, and to remove the pre-specified predictor scaling parameters. Finally, the capability to perform bias correction for passive channels within the GSI is developed with a new approach. The two-step bias-correction procedure originally used is replaced with a one-step variational bias-correction scheme within the GSI. Experiment results with the GSI-based hybrid ensemble-variational system show that using the modified pre-conditioning leads to a better convergence rate. Moreover, with the one-step scheme, the anomaly correlation of geopotential height at 500mb is neutral in the Northern Hemisphere but improved in the Southern Hemisphere. The root-mean-square (RMS) error of wind is comparable to that of the two-step scheme and the biases of the global temperature 24 h and 48 h forecasts fitted to the rawinsonde are reduced. C1 [Zhu, Yanqiu; Collard, Andrew; Gayno, George] IM Syst Grp, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Derber, John; Treadon, Russ] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Dee, Dick] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Jung, James A.] Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. RP Zhu, YQ (reprint author), EMC IMSG, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Yanqiu.Zhu@noaa.gov NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 140 IS 682 BP 1479 EP 1492 DI 10.1002/qj.2233 PN A PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN1SN UT WOS:000340364000006 ER PT J AU Martinet, P Lavanant, L Fourrie, N Rabier, F Gambacorta, A AF Martinet, P. Lavanant, L. Fourrie, N. Rabier, F. Gambacorta, A. TI Evaluation of a revised IASI channel selection for cloudy retrievals with a focus on the Mediterranean basin SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE IASI; microphysical variables; 1D-Var; DFS; channel selection; Mediterranean Sea ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; SOUNDING INTERFEROMETER RADIANCES; BACKGROUND-ERROR COVARIANCES; SATELLITE INFRARED RADIANCES; DIRECT 4D-VAR ASSIMILATION; ICE CLOUDS; ECMWF; MICROPHYSICS; MESOSCALE; SOUNDERS AB The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) provides 8461 channels in the infrared spectrum. In current numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, it is not feasible to assimilate all channels and it is known that the information content between adjacent channels is redundant. This issue has been addressed in NWP centres by employing a channel selection strategy. The goal of this article is to add new channels to the existing IASI operational channel selection, aimed at improving the data assimilation in cloudy conditions and the simultaneous retrieval of cloud microphysical variables, specifically liquid and ice water contents. Cloudy profiles from the French convective-scale model Applications of Research to Operations at MEsoscale (AROME) are used in the study to focus on the retrieval of cloud variables over the Mediterranean region. Three channel selection methodologies were evaluated in this study: a statistical approach based on the degrees of freedom of the signal (DFS), a physical method based on the channel spectral sensitivity to the cloud variables and a random selection. To validate the new selections, an idealized framework is used with observing system simulation experiments (OSSE) in the context of one-dimensional variational retrievals. The current operational IASI selection has already been shown to provide good retrievals of cloud variables. However, all the different channel selections improve the results with small differences in the 1D-Var retrievals. Based on the physical and DFS methods, the final sets of 134 channels sensitive to cloud variables are proposed for future investigation in operational implementation. Additional tests on temperature and water-vapour retrieval results, air-mass dependence and cloud microphysical parametrization have also been conducted. C1 [Martinet, P.; Fourrie, N.; Rabier, F.] Meteo France, F-31057 Toulouse, France. [Martinet, P.; Fourrie, N.; Rabier, F.] CNRS CNRM GAME, Toulouse, France. [Lavanant, L.] Meteo France, Ctr Meteorol Spatiale, Lannion, France. [Gambacorta, A.] NOAA, IM Syst Grp, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD USA. RP Martinet, P (reprint author), Meteo France, CNRM GMAP, 42 Ave Coriolis, F-31057 Toulouse, France. EM pauline.martinet@meteo.fr RI Gambacorta, Antonia/E-7937-2011 OI Gambacorta, Antonia/0000-0002-2446-9132 NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 140 IS 682 BP 1563 EP 1577 DI 10.1002/qj.2239 PN A PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN1SN UT WOS:000340364000012 ER PT J AU Zhao, XH Dryer, M AF Zhao, Xinhua Dryer, Murray TI Current status of CME/shock arrival time prediction SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; INTERPLANETARY SHOCK-WAVES; ENERGETIC ION ENHANCEMENTS; MAJOR GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; SOLAR-WIND CONDITIONS; 1 AU; INNER HELIOSPHERE; AERODYNAMIC DRAG; PARTICLE EVENTS; MAGNETIC-FIELD AB One of the major solar transients, coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and their related interplanetary shocks have severe space weather effects and become the focus of study for both solar and space scientists. Predicting their evolutions in the heliosphere and arrival times at Earth is an important component of the space weather predictions. Various kinds of models in this aspect have been developed during the past decades. In this paper, we will present a view of the present status (during Solar Cycle 24 in 2014) of the space weather's objective to predict the arrival of coronal mass ejections and their interplanetary shock waves at Earth. This status, by implication, is relevant to their arrival elsewhere in the solar system. Application of this prediction status is clearly appropriate for operational magnetospheric and ionospheric situations including A - > B - > C...solar system missions. We review current empirical models, expansion speed model, drag-based models, physics-based models (and their real-time prediction's statistical experience in Solar Cycle 23), and MHD models. New observations in Solar Cycle 24, including techniques/models, are introduced as they could be incorporated to form new prediction models. The limitations of the present models and the direction of further development are also suggested. C1 [Zhao, Xinhua] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Space Sci & Appl Res, State Key Lab Space Weather, SIGMA Weather Grp, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Dryer, Murray] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Weather Serv, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Dryer, M (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Weather Serv, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM murraydryer@msn.com FU National Basic Research Program (973 program) [012CB825601]; Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZZD-EW-01-4]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41031066, 41231068, 41274179, 41274192, 41374176]; Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories FX This work is jointly supported by the National Basic Research Program (973 program) under grant 012CB825601, the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZZD-EW-01-4), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41031066, 41231068, 41274179, 41274192, and 41374176), and the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories. We thank the reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. NR 137 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD JUL PY 2014 VL 12 IS 7 BP 448 EP 469 DI 10.1002/2014SW001060 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN4DR UT WOS:000340538300002 ER PT J AU Schrijver, CJ Dobbins, R Murtagh, W Petrinec, SM AF Schrijver, C. J. Dobbins, R. Murtagh, W. Petrinec, S. M. TI Assessing the impact of space weather on the electric power grid based on insurance claims for industrial electrical equipment SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID HYDRO-QUEBEC; OCTOBER 2003; DISTURBANCES; SYSTEMS; EVENTS AB Geomagnetically induced currents are known to induce disturbances in the electric power grid. Here we perform a statistical analysis of 11,242 insurance claims from 2000 through 2010 for equipment losses and related business interruptions in North American commercial organizations that are associated with damage to, or malfunction of, electrical and electronic equipment. We find that claim rates are elevated on days with elevated geomagnetic activity by approximately 20% for the top 5% and by about 10% for the top third of most active days ranked by daily maximum variability of the geomagnetic field. When focusing on the claims explicitly attributed to electrical surges (amounting to more than half the total sample), we find that the dependence of claim rates on geomagnetic activity mirrors that of major disturbances in the U.S. high-voltage electric power grid. The claim statistics thus reveal that large-scale geomagnetic variability couples into the low-voltage power distribution network and that related power-quality variations can cause malfunctions and failures in electrical and electronic devices that, in turn, lead to an estimated 500 claims per average year within North America. We discuss the possible magnitude of the full economic impact associated with quality variations in electrical power associated with space weather. C1 [Schrijver, C. J.; Petrinec, S. M.] Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, STAR Labs, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Dobbins, R.] Zurich Serv Corp, Risk Engn Tech Strategies Team, Schaumburg, IL USA. [Murtagh, W.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Schrijver, CJ (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, STAR Labs, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM schrijver@lmsal.com FU Lockheed Martin Independent Research funds FX We are grateful to the three reviewers of our manuscript for their guidance to improve the presentation of our results. This work was supported by Lockheed Martin Independent Research funds (C.J.S. and S.M.P.). The results presented in this paper rely on data collected at magnetic observatories. We thank the national institutes that support them and INTERMAGNET for promoting high standards of magnetic observatory practice (www.intermagnet.org). The insurance claim data are accessible at http://www.Imsal.com/similar to schryver/claims/claims.csv. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD JUL PY 2014 VL 12 IS 7 BP 487 EP 498 DI 10.1002/2014SW001066 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN4DR UT WOS:000340538300004 ER PT J AU Blanchard, PT Bertness, KA Brubaker, MD Harvey, TE Sanders, AW Sanford, NA AF Blanchard, Paul T. Bertness, Kris A. Brubaker, Matthew D. Harvey, Todd E. Sanders, Aric W. Sanford, Norman A. TI Influence of Morphology on Current-Voltage Behavior of GaN Nanowires SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Defects; gallium nitride; nanowires (NWs); surface; depletion ID LIGHT AB We demonstrate the effect that the different morphologies of molecular beam epitaxy-grown GaN nanowires (NWs) can have upon current-voltage (I-V) behavior. Two aspects of NW morphology were investigated. The first aspect was the NW diameter, d(NW). For single-crystal Si-doped GaN NW devices with d(NW) < 120 nm, I-V curves were nonlinear. In contrast, single-crystal Si-doped NWs from the same growth run with d(NW) > 120 nm consistently showed ohmic I-V behavior. This discrepancy is likely the result of the comparatively larger surface depletion in thin NWs, which contributes to 1) an increased contact barrier, and 2) a barrier resulting from an axial band offset between the portion of the NW directly beneath the contact and the portion extending from the contact. The second aspect of NW morphology that we investigated was NW coalescence, which occurs when neighboring NWs fuse together during growth. I-V measurements of undoped coalesced NWs showed that these structures can have a free carrier concentration that is significantly higher than the background carrier concentration that is present in single-crystal (noncoalesced), undoped NWs. C1 [Blanchard, Paul T.; Bertness, Kris A.; Brubaker, Matthew D.; Harvey, Todd E.; Sanders, Aric W.; Sanford, Norman A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Blanchard, PT (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM paul.blanchard@nist.gov; kris.bertness@nist.gov; matthew.brubaker@nist.gov; todd.harvey@nist.gov; aric.sanders@nist.gov; norman.sanford@nist.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-125X EI 1941-0085 J9 IEEE T NANOTECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 13 IS 4 BP 857 EP 863 DI 10.1109/TNANO.2014.2328982 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AM8ER UT WOS:000340104900030 ER PT J AU Diegoli, TM Linacre, A Schanfield, MS Coble, MD AF Diegoli, Toni M. Linacre, Adrian Schanfield, Moses S. Coble, Michael D. TI Mutation rates of 15 X chromosomal short tandem repeat markers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE X chromosome; Identity testing; Kinship testing; US population; Mutation rate ID POPULATION GENETIC COMPARISONS; STR LOCI; ALLELE FREQUENCIES; GERMLINE MUTATIONS; LINKED MARKERS; FORENSIC PURPOSES; GERMAN POPULATION; Y-CHROMOSOME; PCR SYSTEM; SAMPLE AB Though allele frequency data for a variety of X chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) markers in a range of populations have been reported, fewer studies of mutation rates in these same markers or populations are available. In order to address possible mismatches during kinship analysis due to mutation, a robust estimate of the rate of mutation must be established. Here, mutation rates in three US populations have been determined for a total of 15 markers (DXS6789, DXS9902, DXS7132, DXS7130, DXS6795, DXS10147, DXS8378, DXS7423, HPRTB, DXS101, DXS7424, GATA31E08, GATA172D05, GATA165B12, and DXS6803). Eighteen mutations over 20,625 meioses were observed, and the overall X STR mutation rate in this study was found to be 8.73 x 10(-4) (95 % CI, 5.2-13.8 x 10(-4)). A review of published mutation rate studies revealed similar findings in other global populations, and allowed the compilation of a combined dataset of 81,310 meioses which can be employed by the forensic community. C1 [Diegoli, Toni M.] Armed Forces Med Examiner Syst, Armed Forces DNA Identificat Lab, Dover, DE 19902 USA. [Diegoli, Toni M.] Amer Registry Pathol, Dover, DE 19903 USA. [Diegoli, Toni M.; Linacre, Adrian] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Schanfield, Moses S.] George Washington Univ, Dept Forens Sci, MVC, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Coble, Michael D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Diegoli, TM (reprint author), Armed Forces Med Examiner Syst, Armed Forces DNA Identificat Lab, 115 Purple Heart Dr, Dover, DE 19902 USA. EM toni.m.diegoli.ctr@mail.mil OI Linacre, Adrian/0000-0001-5890-5548 FU National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, US Department of Justice [2011-DN-BX-K401] FX The authors would like to thank Minh Nguyen, Chad Ernst, and the National Institute of Justice for grant support and management; Dr. Peter Vallone, Dr. John Butler, and Erica Butts for providing sample extracts and associated quantification data; Patty Czarnecki for assistance in organizing and aliquoting sample extracts; Jessica Saunier for bioinformatics assistance; and Col. Louis Finelli, James Canik, Dr. Timothy McMahon, Lt. Col. Laura Regan, Cynthia Thomas, and Michael Parry for logistical and administrative support. This project was supported by Award No. 2011-DN-BX-K401, awarded by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, US Department of Justice to TMD and MDC. The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Department of Justice. The opinions or assertions presented here are the private views of the authors and should not be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of Defense, its branches, the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command or the Armed Forces Medical Examiner System. NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0937-9827 EI 1437-1596 J9 INT J LEGAL MED JI Int. J. Legal Med. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 128 IS 4 BP 579 EP 587 DI 10.1007/s00414-014-1016-y PG 9 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA AM7TE UT WOS:000340070800001 PM 24811886 ER PT J AU Duncan, CG Tiller, R Mathis, D Stoddard, R Kersh, GJ Dickerson, B Gelatt, T AF Duncan, Colleen G. Tiller, Rebekah Mathis, Demetrius Stoddard, Robyn Kersh, Gilbert J. Dickerson, Bobette Gelatt, Tom TI Brucella placentitis and seroprevalence in northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) of the Pribilof Islands, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Brucella; northern fur seals; placentitis; serosurvey ID ST-PAUL ISLAND; COXIELLA-BURNETII; VITULINA-RICHARDSI; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; YELLOWSTONE BISON; SEROLOGIC SURVEY; MARINE MAMMALS; SP INFECTION; DOLPHINS; SPP. AB Brucella species infect a wide range of hosts with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. In mammals, one of the most significant consequences of Brucella infection is reproductive failure. There is evidence of Brucella exposure in many species of marine mammals, but the outcome of infection is often challenging to determine. The eastern Pacific stock of northern fur seals (NFSs, Callorhinus ursinus) has declined significantly, spawning research into potential causes for this trend, including investigation into reproductive health. The objective of the current study was to determine if NFSs on St. Paul Island, Alaska have evidence of Brucella exposure or infection. Archived DNA extracted from placentas (n = 119) and serum (n = 40) samples were available for testing by insertion sequence (IS) 711 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the Brucella microagglutination test (BMAT), respectively. As well, placental tissue was available for histologic examination. Six (5%) placentas were positive by PCR, and a single animal had severe placentitis. Multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis profiles were highly clustered and closely related to other Brucella pinnipedialis isolates. A single animal was positive on BMAT, and 12 animals had titers within the borderline range; 1 borderline animal was positive by PCR on serum. The findings suggest that NFSs on the Pribilof Islands are exposed to Brucella and that the organism has the ability to cause severe placental disease. Given the population trend of the NFS, and the zoonotic nature of this pathogen, further investigation into the epidemiology of this disease is recommended. C1 [Duncan, Colleen G.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Tiller, Rebekah; Mathis, Demetrius; Stoddard, Robyn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kersh, Gilbert J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dickerson, Bobette; Gelatt, Tom] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Duncan, CG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Diagnost Med Ctr, 300 West Drake Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. EM colleen.duncan@colostate.edu NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 20 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 EI 1943-4936 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 26 IS 4 BP 507 EP 512 DI 10.1177/1040638714532647 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AN0EQ UT WOS:000340256800004 PM 24803576 ER PT J AU Booth, JAT Woodson, CB Sutula, M Micheli, F Weisberg, SB Bograd, SJ Steele, A Schoen, J Crowder, LB AF Booth, J. A. T. Woodson, C. B. Sutula, M. Micheli, F. Weisberg, S. B. Bograd, S. J. Steele, A. Schoen, J. Crowder, L. B. TI Patterns and potential drivers of declining oxygen content along the southern California coast SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HYPOXIA; ECOSYSTEM; SURFACE; SYSTEM; WORLD; WATER AB Here we examine a 50+ yr data set from a regionally coordinated southern California water quality monitoring program to assess temporal trends and determine whether nearshore waters are exhibiting changes in dissolved oxygen (DO) content similar to those reported offshore. DO in sub-mixed layer nearshore waters (< 10 km from shore) have declined up to four times faster than reported for offshore waters over the last 15 yr. These trends were evident over depth, and along isopycnals. They have no precedent over the past 50 yr and do not appear to be attributable primarily to large-scale climate variability in ocean DO. Coastal biophysical processes, including increased phytoplankton biomass in surface waters, are likely contributing to the recent elevated rate of DO decline in nearshore waters, as evidenced by higher rates of increase in apparent oxygen utilization. It is unclear whether these processes result from upwelling-derived or anthropogenic nutrient inputs. C1 [Booth, J. A. T.] City Los Angeles Environm Monitoring Div, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Woodson, C. B.] Univ Georgia, Coll Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Sutula, M.; Weisberg, S. B.; Crowder, L. B.] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project Author, Costa Mesa, CA USA. [Micheli, F.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Bograd, S. J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Steele, A.] Los Angeles Cty Sanit Dist, Whittier, CA USA. [Schoen, J.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa. [Crowder, L. B.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA USA. RP Woodson, CB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM bwoodson@uga.edu RI Weisberg, Stephen/B-2477-2008 OI Weisberg, Stephen/0000-0002-0655-9425 FU COS FX We thank the Center for Ocean Solutions (COS) Coastal Hypoxia working group for advice, Nik Nezlin for feedback on the manuscript, Cheryl Butner, Alexandria Blackwell, and Kimberly Rogers for help with the database, and two anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved the manuscript. J.A.T.B. and C.B.W., J.S., A. Blackwell, and K. Rogers were partly supported by COS during this effort. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 59 IS 4 BP 1127 EP 1138 DI 10.4319/lo.2014.59.4.1127 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AM6AI UT WOS:000339942400003 ER PT J AU Habib, E Haile, AT Sazib, N Zhang, Y Rientjes, T AF Habib, Emad Haile, Alemseged Tamiru Sazib, Nazmus Zhang, Yu Rientjes, Tom TI Effect of Bias Correction of Satellite-Rainfall Estimates on Runoff Simulations at the Source of the Upper Blue Nile SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Center-MORPHing (CMORPH); Gilgel Abbay; satellite rainfall; bias correction; runoff modeling ID LAKE TANA BASIN; PRECIPITATION ESTIMATION; HYDROLOGICAL MODEL; GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RIVER; CATCHMENT; PRODUCTS; CMORPH; RADAR AB Results of numerous evaluation studies indicated that satellite-rainfall products are contaminated with significant systematic and random errors. Therefore, such products may require refinement and correction before being used for hydrologic applications. In the present study, we explore a rainfall-runoff modeling application using the Climate Prediction Center-MORPHing (CMORPH) satellite rainfall product. The study area is the Gilgel Abbay catchment situated at the source basin of the Upper Blue Nile basin in Ethiopia, Eastern Africa. Rain gauge networks in such area are typically sparse. We examine different bias correction schemes applied locally to the CMORPH product. These schemes vary in the degree to which spatial and temporal variability in the CMORPH bias fields are accounted for. Three schemes are tested: space and time-invariant, time-variant and spatially invariant, and space and time variant. Bias-corrected CMORPH products were used to calibrate and drive the Hydrologiska Byrans Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) rainfall-runoff model. Applying the space and time-fixed bias correction scheme resulted in slight improvement of the CMORPH-driven runoff simulations, but in some instances caused deterioration. Accounting for temporal variation in the bias reduced the rainfall bias by up to 50%. Additional improvements were observed when both the spatial and temporal variability in the bias was accounted for. The rainfall bias was found to have a pronounced effect on model calibration. The calibrated model parameters changed significantly when using rainfall input from gauges alone, uncorrected, and bias-corrected CMORPH estimates. Changes of up to 81% were obtained for model parameters controlling the stream flow volume. C1 [Habib, Emad; Sazib, Nazmus] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Civil Engn, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Haile, Alemseged Tamiru] Int Water Management Inst, Nile Basin & East Africa Subreg Off, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Zhang, Yu] NOAA, NWS, OHD, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Rientjes, Tom] ITC, Dept Water Resources, NL-7500 AA Enschede, Netherlands. RP Habib, E (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Civil Engn, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM habib@louisiana.edu; A.T.Haile@cgiar.org; sazibap25@gmail.com; yu.zhang@noaa.gov; t.h.m.rientjes@utwente.nl RI Rientjes, Tom/B-6331-2012 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [OISE-0914618]; NASA EPSCoR/BoR DART2 program; NASA; University of Louisiana at Lafayette Computational and Visualization Enterprise (CAVE) Consortium; CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) FX Support for this study was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through Award Number OISE-0914618 to the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, and by the the NASA EPSCoR/BoR DART2 program and the NASA Grant to Louisiana Space (LaSPACE) Consortium. Support provided by the University of Louisiana at Lafayette Computational and Visualization Enterprise (CAVE) Consortium is acknowledged. Support is also received from the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE), which is led by International Water Management Institute (IWMI) NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 29 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 6 IS 7 BP 6688 EP 6708 DI 10.3390/rs6076688 PG 21 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AM7IE UT WOS:000340038700038 ER PT J AU Schubert, M Collins, BA Mangold, H Howard, IA Schindler, W Vandewal, K Roland, S Behrends, J Kraffert, F Steyrleuthner, R Chen, ZH Fostiropoulos, K Bittl, R Salleo, A Facchetti, A Laquai, F Ade, HW Neher, D AF Schubert, Marcel Collins, Brian A. Mangold, Hannah Howard, Ian A. Schindler, Wolfram Vandewal, Koen Roland, Steffen Behrends, Jan Kraffert, Felix Steyrleuthner, Robert Chen, Zhihua Fostiropoulos, Konstantinos Bittl, Robert Salleo, Alberto Facchetti, Antonio Laquai, Frederic Ade, Harald W. Neher, Dieter TI Correlated Donor/Acceptor Crystal Orientation Controls Photocurrent Generation in All-Polymer Solar Cells SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE; HOT EXCITON DISSOCIATION; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; CHARGE-TRANSFER STATE; X-RAY-SCATTERING; N-TYPE POLYMER; BULK-HETEROJUNCTION; APPROACHING 100-PERCENT; SEMICONDUCTING POLYMER; PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES AB New polymers with high electron mobilities have spurred research in organic solar cells using polymeric rather than fullerene acceptors due to their potential of increased diversity, stability, and scalability. However, all-polymer solar cells have struggled to keep up with the steadily increasing power conversion efficiency of polymer: fullerene cells. The lack of knowledge about the dominant recombination process as well as the missing concluding picture on the role of the semi-crystalline microstructure of conjugated polymers in the free charge carrier generation process impede a systematic optimization of all-polymer solar cells. These issues are examined by combining structural and photo-physical characterization on a series of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (donor) and P(NDI2OD-T2) (acceptor) blend devices. These experiments reveal that geminate recombination is the major loss channel for photo-excited charge carriers. Advanced X-ray and electron-based studies reveal the effect of chloronaphthalene co-solvent in reducing domain size, altering domain purity, and reorienting the acceptor polymer crystals to be coincident with those of the donor. This reorientation correlates well with the increased photocurrent from these devices. Thus, effi cient split-up of geminate pairs at polymer/polymer interfaces may necessitate correlated donor/acceptor crystal orientation, which represents an additional requirement compared to the isotropic fullerene acceptors. C1 [Schubert, Marcel; Roland, Steffen; Steyrleuthner, Robert; Neher, Dieter] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Collins, Brian A.; Ade, Harald W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Collins, Brian A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mangold, Hannah; Howard, Ian A.; Laquai, Frederic] Max Planck Inst Polymer Res MPI P, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Schindler, Wolfram; Fostiropoulos, Konstantinos] HZB, Inst Heterogeneous Mat Syst, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Vandewal, Koen; Salleo, Alberto] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Behrends, Jan; Kraffert, Felix; Steyrleuthner, Robert; Bittl, Robert] Free Univ Berlin, Dept Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Chen, Zhihua; Facchetti, Antonio] Polyera Corp, Skokie, IL 60077 USA. RP Schubert, M (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. EM neher@uni-potsdam.de RI Howard, Ian/A-5253-2010; Neher, Dieter/A-9334-2015; Behrends, Jan/A-6282-2012; OI Howard, Ian/0000-0002-7327-7356; Behrends, Jan/0000-0003-1024-428X; Laquai, Frederic/0000-0002-5887-6158; Schubert, Marcel/0000-0002-8739-4852; Steyrleuthner, Robert/0000-0002-8484-4037; Vandewal, Koen/0000-0001-5471-383X FU German Science Foundation (DFG) within priority program SPP 1355; DFG; NIST-NRC postdoctoral fellowship program; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DE-FG02-98ER45737]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Max Planck Research group by the Max Planck Society; Alexander von Humboldt foundation; Max Planck Society FX The authors thank Oleksandr V. Mikhnenko and Markus Wollgarten for helpful discussions. The authors specifically thank Thuc-Quyen Nguyen for providing the DPP(TBFu)2, Riccardo Di Pietro, Iyad Nasrallah, and Henning Sirringhaus for providing the CAS spectra and Burkhard Stiller for performing the SKPM measurements. M.S. acknowledges financial support from the German Science Foundation (DFG) within the priority program SPP 1355. D.N. acknowledges a DFG travel grant. B. A. C. acknowledges financial support of the NIST-NRC postdoctoral fellowship program. X-ray characterization and analysis by NCSU supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Science and Engineering under Contract DE-FG02-98ER45737. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. F. L. acknowledges funding of the Max Planck Research group by the Max Planck Society and I. A. H. thanks the Alexander von Humboldt foundation and the Max Planck Society for research fellowships. NR 74 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 10 U2 149 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 24 IS 26 BP 4068 EP 4081 DI 10.1002/adfm.201304216 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AM0VK UT WOS:000339565300006 ER PT J AU Zheng, SY Yi, F Li, ZP Zhu, YJ Xu, YH Luo, C Yang, JH Wang, CS AF Zheng, Shiyou Yi, Feng Li, Zhipeng Zhu, Yujie Xu, Yunhua Luo, Chao Yang, Junhe Wang, Chunsheng TI Copper-Stabilized Sulfur-Microporous Carbon Cathodes for Li-S Batteries SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; HIGH-RATE PERFORMANCE; ION BATTERIES; ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; POROUS CARBON; HIGH-CAPACITY; X-RAY; POLYSULFIDE; CELLS AB A copper-stabilized sulfur-microporous carbon (MC-Cu-S) composite is synthesized by uniformly dispersing 10% highly electronically conductive Cu nanoparticles into microporous carbon (MC), followed by wet-impregnating S. In the MC-Cu-S composite, the MC host that physically confines S/poly-sulfides provides free space to accommodate volumetric expansion of S during lithiation, while the Cu nanoparticles that are anchored in the MC further chemically interact with S/polysulfi des through bonding between Cu and S/polysulfi des. The Cu loading allows the S content to increase from 30 to 50% in the carbon-S cathode material without scarifying the electrochemical performance in a low-cost carbonate electrolyte. At a current density of 100 mA g(-1), the MC-Cu-S cathode shows that Coulumbic efficiency is close to 100% and capacity maintains more than 600 mAh g(-1) with progressive cycling up to more than 500 cycles. In addition, the Cu nano-inclusins also enhance the electronic conductivity of the MC-Cu-S composite, remarkably increasing the rate capabilities. Even the current density increases 10.0 A g(-1), the MC-Cu-S cathode can still deliver a capacity of 200 mAh g(-1). This strategy of stabilization of S with small amount of metal nanoparticles anchored in MC provides an effective approach to improve the cycling stability, Coulumbic efficiency, and S loading for Li-S batteries. C1 [Zheng, Shiyou; Yang, Junhe] Shanghai Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Yujie; Xu, Yunhua; Luo, Chao; Wang, Chunsheng] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yi, Feng; Li, Zhipeng] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zheng, SY (reprint author), Shanghai Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. EM jhyang@usst.edu.cn; cswang@umd.edu RI Zheng, Shiyou/D-3645-2012; Wang, Chunsheng/H-5767-2011 OI Wang, Chunsheng/0000-0002-8626-6381 FU Army Research Office [W911NF1110231]; National Science Foundation of China [51272157]; Maryland NanoCenter; NispLab; NSF as a MRSEC FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Army Research Office under Contract No.: W911NF1110231 (Dr. Robert Mantz, Program Manager) and the National Science Foundation of China (No. 51272157). The authors acknowledge the support of the Maryland NanoCenter and its NispLab. The NispLab is supported in part by the NSF as a MRSEC Shared Experimental Facility. NR 55 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 30 U2 208 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 24 IS 26 BP 4156 EP 4163 DI 10.1002/adfm.201304156 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AM0VK UT WOS:000339565300016 ER PT J AU Du, XN Peterson, W AF Du, Xiuning Peterson, William TI Feeding rates and selectivity of adult Euphausia pacifica on natural particle assemblages in the coastal upwelling zone off Oregon, USA, 2010 SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Euphausia pacifica; phytoplankton; ciliate; filtration rate; ingestion rate ID COPEPOD CALANUS-PACIFICUS; NYCTIPHANES-AUSTRALIS; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; ELECTIVITY INDEXES; NORTH PACIFIC; MARINE SNOW; CARBON; VOLUME; PREDATION; SUPERBA AB Filtration by adult Euphausia pacifica was measured before and during the upwelling season, using both "disappearance of chlorophyll" and "disappearance of cells" techniques. Results show that feeding rates and selectivity varied with food assemblages. Filtration rate (F) was best modeled by the Ivlev function: the average F on total Chl-a was 92 mL euphausiid(-1) h(-1), and 119 mL euphausiid(-1) h(-1) on microscopy cell counts. F averaged 36 for the < 5 A mu m size fraction of Chl-a, 94 for the 5-20 A mu m fraction and 107 mL euphausiid(-1) h(-1) for the > 20 A mu m fraction. The average F values were 155 and 163 mL euphausiid(-1) h(-1) for chain-diatoms and single diatoms, respectively, and115 and 137 mL euphausiid(-1) h(-1) for the < 40 A mu m and > 40 A mu m ciliates, respectively. Ingestion rates based on total Chl-a and size fractions, total cell counts and ciliates were significantly correlated using Hollings' models (P < 0.01). Maximum daily ration was 23% body C day(-1) when a high food concentration (700 A mu C L-1) was available, but over the carbon range of 50-200 A mu g C L-1, daily ration averaged 4% body C day(-1). Diatoms were consumed almost exclusively during blooms associated with summer upwelling events; larger types of ciliates and dinoflagellates were fed upon preferentially compared with their smaller counterparts. C1 [Du, Xiuning] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Du, Xiuning] Ocean Univ China, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Peterson, William] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR USA. RP Peterson, W (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR USA. EM bill.peterson@noaa.gov FU NOAA/MERHAB program project [NA07NOS4780195]; NOAA/CAMEO program [NA09NMF4720182]; China Scholarship Council FX This work was supported by the NOAA/MERHAB 2007 program project (NA07NOS4780195) (MOCHA); and the NOAA/CAMEO program (NA09NMF4720182). The research was part of the PhD Dissertation of Xiuning Du carried out with the support of the China Scholarship Council. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 EI 1464-3774 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1031 EP 1046 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbu027 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AM6DE UT WOS:000339951300012 ER PT J AU Wahome, PG Pedone, AC Beauchesne, KR Bernan, VS Moeller, PDR Carter, GT AF Wahome, P. G. Pedone, A. C. Beauchesne, K. R. Bernan, V. S. Moeller, P. D. R. Carter, G. T. TI Identification of anti-candida and cytotoxic compounds from aquatic microbial consortia SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy (ASP) CY AUG 02-06, 2014 CL Oxford, MS SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy C1 [Wahome, P. G.; Pedone, A. C.; Beauchesne, K. R.; Bernan, V. S.; Moeller, P. D. R.; Carter, G. T.] Biosortia Pharmaceut, Dublin, OH 43017 USA. [Wahome, P. G.; Pedone, A. C.; Beauchesne, K. R.; Bernan, V. S.; Moeller, P. D. R.; Carter, G. T.] NOAA, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 EI 1439-0221 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 80 IS 10 MA PC29 BP 774 EP 775 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA AM3VP UT WOS:000339781200123 ER PT J AU Naugol'nykh, KA AF Naugol'nykh, K. A. TI Nonlinear sound waves upon collapse of a vortex dipole SO ACOUSTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE vortex dipole; instability; acoustic emission; acoustic nonlinearity AB Acoustic emission by a vortex dipole decreases the dipole energy and changes the vortex velocity distribution. A relative shift of the dipole component occurs. Earlier, such a process of acoustic instability of the vortex was considered as applied to the case of weak acoustic emission described by the wave equation. Features of acoustic instability upon emission of a strongly nonlinear sound by a vortex are considered in this work. C1 Zel Technol LLC, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Naugol'nykh, KA (reprint author), Zel Technol LLC, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, NOAA 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM konstantin.naugolnykh@noaa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7710 EI 1562-6865 J9 ACOUST PHYS+ JI Acoust. Phys. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 60 IS 4 BP 424 EP 426 DI 10.1134/S1063771014040113 PG 3 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA AL8ID UT WOS:000339380800008 ER PT J AU Jang, HJ Pookpanratana, SJ Brigeman, AN Kline, RJ Basham, JI Gundlach, DJ Hacker, CA Kirillov, OA Jurchescu, OD Richter, CA AF Jang, Hyuk-Jae Pookpanratana, Sujitra J. Brigeman, Alyssa N. Kline, R. Joseph Basham, James I. Gundlach, David J. Hacker, Christina A. Kirillov, Oleg A. Jurchescu, Oana D. Richter, Curt A. TI Interface Engineering To Control Magnetic Field Effects of Organic-Based Devices by Using a Molecular Self-Assembled Monolayer SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE organic semiconductors; magnetic field effects; magnetoresistance; interface engineering; molecular self-assembled monolayers ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; MAGNETORESISTANCE; SEMICONDUCTORS; ELECTRONICS; DENSITY; TRIPLET AB Organic semiconductors hold immense promise for the development of a wide range of innovative devices with their excellent electronic and manufacturing characteristics. Of particular interest are nonmagnetic organic semiconductors that show unusual magnetic field effects (MFEs) at small subtesla field strength that can result in substantial changes in their optoelectronic and electronic properties. These unique phenomena provide a tremendous opportunity to significantly impact the functionality of organic-based devices and may enable disruptive electronic and spintronic technologies. Here, we present an approach to vary the MFEs on the electrical resistance of organic-based systems in a simple yet reliable fashion. We experimentally modify the interfacial characteristics by adding a self-assembled monolayer between the metal electrode and the organic semiconductor, thus enabling the tuning of competing MFE mechanisms coexisting in organic semiconductors. This approach offers a robust method for tuning the magnitude and sign of magnetoresistance in organic semiconductors without compromising the ease of processing. C1 [Jang, Hyuk-Jae; Pookpanratana, Sujitra J.; Basham, James I.; Gundlach, David J.; Hacker, Christina A.; Kirillov, Oleg A.; Richter, Curt A.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jang, Hyuk-Jae; Brigeman, Alyssa N.; Jurchescu, Oana D.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Phys, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Kline, R. Joseph] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jang, HJ (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hyuk-Jae.jang@nist.gov; curt.richter@nist.gov RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Basham, James/A-7390-2012; Jang, Hyuk-Jae/H-7904-2013 OI Basham, James/0000-0002-6786-0211; FU Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) by the National Science Foundation; NIST FX The authors would like to acknowledge C. Stafford for assistance with the AFM measurements, and M. Cox, M. Flatte and N. Harmon for the helpful discussions. Financial support under the Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) by the National Science Foundation and the NIST is gratefully acknowledged by A.N.B. Device fabrication was done in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. XRD measurements were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a Directorate of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Stanford University. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JUL PY 2014 VL 8 IS 7 BP 7192 EP 7201 DI 10.1021/nn502199z PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AL9LR UT WOS:000339463100076 PM 24968019 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Zhang, H Douglas, JF AF Yang, Ying Zhang, Hao Douglas, Jack F. TI Origin and Nature of Spontaneous Shape Fluctuations in "Small" Nanoparticles SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE nanoparticles; string collective atomic motion; molecular dynamics; nanoparticle shape fluctuations ID TRANSITION-METAL CLUSTERS; DEPENDENT CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; GLASSY INTERFACIAL DYNAMICS; COLLECTIVE ATOMIC MOTION; RANDOM-FLIGHT CHAIN; CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID; SURFACE-DIFFUSION; FORMING LIQUIDS; FINITE SYSTEMS AB Normally chemically inert materials such as Au have been found to be catalytically active in the form of particles whose size is about 1 nm. Direct and indirect observations of various types of metal nanoparticles (NPs) in this size range, under catalytically relevant conditions for fuel-cell operation and catalysis, have indicated that such "small" particles can exhibit large spontaneous shape fluctuations and significant changes in shape and chemical activity in response to alterations in environmental conditions. NPs also normally exhibit facile coalescence when in proximity, impacting their stability and reactivity in applications. We perform molecular dynamics simulations on Ni nanoparticles, a commonly used NP in catalytic applications and carbon nanotube growth, in the approximate to 1 nm size regime where large-scale shape fluctuations have been observed experimentally. An analysis of the large-gale shape fluctuations observed in our simulations of these "small" NPs indicates that they are accompanied by collective motion of Ni atoms through the NP center, and we quantify these dynamic structures and their impact on NP shape. In contrast, stringlike collective atomic motion is confined to the NP interfacial region of NPs having a diameter greater than a few nanometers, and correspondingly, the overall NP shape remains roughly spherical, a case studied In our prior Ni NP simulations. Evidently, the large spontaneous NP shape fluctuations reflect a change in character of the collective atomic dynamics when the NPs become critically small in size. C1 [Yang, Ying; Zhang, Hao] Univ Alberta, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. EM hao.zhang@ualberta.ca; jack.douglas@nist.gov RI Zhang, Hao/A-3272-2008 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NIH [1 R01 EB006398-01A1] FX Y.Y. and H.Z. gratefully acknowledge the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada under a Discovery Grant. J.F.D. acknowledges support of this work under an NIH grant (1 R01 EB006398-01A1). NR 91 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 10 U2 58 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JUL PY 2014 VL 8 IS 7 BP 7465 EP 7477 DI 10.1021/nn502767t PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AL9LR UT WOS:000339463100106 PM 24992502 ER PT J AU Leighfield, TA Muha, N Ramsdell, JS AF Leighfield, Tod A. Muha, Noah Ramsdell, John S. TI Tissue Distribution of Amino Acid- and Lipid-Brevetoxins after Intravenous Administration to C57BL/6 Mice SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLORIDA RED TIDE; INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; PTYCHODISCUS-BREVIS; GREENSHELL MUSSELS; NEW-ZEALAND; RATS; METABOLITES; ELIMINATION; SHELLFISH; SEMISYNTHESIS AB Brevetoxins produced during algal blooms of the dinoflagellate Karenia are metabolized by shellfish into reduction, oxidation, and conjugation products. Brevetoxin metabolites comprising amino acid- and lipid conjugates account for a large proportion of the toxicity associated with the consumption of toxic shellfish. However, the disposition of these brevetoxin metabolites has not been established. Using intravenous exposure to C57BL/6 mice, we investigated the disposition in the body of three radiolabeled brevetoxin metabolites. Amino acid brevetoxin conjugates represented by S-desoxy-BTX-B2 (cysteine-BTX-B) and lipid brevetoxin conjugates represented by N-palmitoyl-S-desoxy-BTX-B2 were compared to dihydro-BTX-B. Tissue concentration profiles were unique to each of the brevetoxin metabolites tested, with dihydro-BTX-B being widely distributed to all tissues, S-desoxy-BTX-B2 concentrated in kidney, and N-palmitoyl-S-desoxy-BTX-B2 having the highest concentrations in spleen, liver, and lung. Elimination patterns were also unique: dihydro-BTX-B had a greater fecal versus urinary elimination, whereas urine was a more important elimination route for S-desoxy-BTX-B2, and N-palmitoyl-S-desoxy-BTX-B2 persisted in tissues and was eliminated equally in both urine and feces. The structures particular to each brevetoxin metabolite resulting from the reduction, amino acid conjugation, or fatty acid addition of BTX-B were likely responsible for these tissue-specific distributions and unique elimination patterns. These observed differences provide further insight into the contribution each brevetoxin metabolite class has to the observed potencies. C1 [Leighfield, Tod A.; Muha, Noah; Ramsdell, John S.] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Ramsdell, JS (reprint author), NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM john.ramsdell@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X EI 1520-5010 J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 7 BP 1166 EP 1175 DI 10.1021/tx500053f PG 10 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA AL9LN UT WOS:000339462700009 PM 24949875 ER PT J AU Ng, LC Persily, AK Emmerich, SJ AF Ng, Lisa C. Persily, Andrew K. Emmerich, Steven J. TI Improving Infiltration In Energy Modeling SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Ng, Lisa C.; Persily, Andrew K.; Emmerich, Steven J.] NIST, Indoor Air Qual & Ventilat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ng, LC (reprint author), NIST, Indoor Air Qual & Ventilat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 EI 1943-6637 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 56 IS 7 BP 70 EP 72 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA AL4GQ UT WOS:000339091300030 ER PT J AU Thorson, JT Jensen, OP Zipkin, EF AF Thorson, James T. Jensen, Olaf P. Zipkin, Elise F. TI How variable is recruitment for exploited marine fishes? A hierarchical model for testing life history theory SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID STOCK ASSESSMENT MODEL; TIME-SERIES BIAS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; REGIME SHIFTS; METAANALYSIS; MANAGEMENT; HYPOTHESIS; STRATEGIES; MORTALITY; SABLEFISH AB Recruitment often varies substantially in fish populations, and residual variability may have serial autocorrelation due to environmental effects even after accounting for a stock-recruitment relationship. However, the likely magnitude of variability and autocorrelation in recruitment has yet to be formally estimated. We therefore developed a hierarchical model for recruitment variability and autocorrelation and applied it to data for 154 fish populations. Results were similar when using either the Ricker or Beverton-Holt stock-recruitment model, and showed that autocorrelated recruitment has a marginal standard deviation of 0.74 (SD = 0.35) and a mean autocorrelation of 0.43 (SD = 0.28) when predicting for an unobserved taxonomic order. Estimates differed somewhat among taxonomic orders and stocks, and also supported a hypothesized positive relationship between age at maturity and autocorrelation in recruitment. Our results can be used as a Bayesian prior for recruitment variability in models for data-poor stocks and to distinguish recruitment from other process errors in models for data-rich stocks. Estimates can also be used in the design of future simulation models and management strategy evaluations and in theoretical research regarding life history variation. C1 [Thorson, James T.] NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Jensen, Olaf P.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Zipkin, Elise F.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Jimthor@u.washington.edu RI Thorson, James/O-7937-2014 OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 FU New Jersey Sea Grant Consortium (NJSGC); NOAA Office of Sea Grant; US Department of Commerce, under NOAA grant [NA10OAR4170075]; NJSGC FX We continue to be grateful for the dedication and foresight demonstrated by R. Myers when developing this stock-recruitment respository and the many scientists whose work is represented therein. We also thank C. Minto for his hard work in maintaining the original Myers repository and S. Munch for helpful comments on an earlier draft. We thank L. Brooks, C. Legault, an anonymous reviewer, and the associate editor for helpful comments that improved the quality of analysis and writing. O.P.J. was supported by the New Jersey Sea Grant Consortium (NJSGC) with funds from the NOAA Office of Sea Grant, US Department of Commerce, under NOAA grant No. NA10OAR4170075 and the NJSGC. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NJSGC or the US Department of Commerce, NJSG-14-858. NR 63 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 23 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 71 IS 7 BP 973 EP 983 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0645 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AL3BI UT WOS:000338999600002 ER PT J AU Harvey, CJ AF Harvey, Chris J. TI Mediation functions in Ecopath with Ecosim: handle with care SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; FOOD-WEB MODELS; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FISHERIES; IMPACTS; ASSESSMENTS; SERVICES; OCEAN AB Ecosystem models are important tools for addressing complex issues such as the role of habitat in marine resource management. The Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) software can represent several ecological processes via mediation functions, where the abundance of one group influences trophic interactions between two other groups. I ran a series of temporal simulations in EwE, in which eelgrass (Zostera marina) was refuge habitat for juvenile Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), and the abundance of eelgrass mediated (reduced) the vulnerability of juvenile salmon to their predators. I compared the effects of eelgrass on salmon biomass across three shapes of mediation curve (linear, hyperbolic, sigmoid) and six different initial states along each curve. Salmon responded strongest to sigmoid mediation and least to hyperbolic mediation. Salmon responses were sensitive to initial conditions, particularly along sigmoid curves. As the lower limit of the mediation curve (M-min) approached 0, model results became nonintuitive, particularly for sigmoid curves. Because these functions are difficult to quantify or scale from empirical or experimental studies, modelers must carefully account for uncertainty when using mediation relationships in EwE. Hyperbolic mediation curves may be the most conservative when empirical or theoretical knowledge is unavailable. C1 NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Harvey, CJ (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Chris.Harvey@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 15 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 71 IS 7 BP 1020 EP 1029 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0594 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AL3BI UT WOS:000338999600007 ER PT J AU Kralj, JG Munson, MS Ross, D AF Kralj, Jason G. Munson, Matthew S. Ross, David TI Total protein quantitation using the bicinchoninic acid assay and gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE Bicinchoninic acid (BCA); Capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D); Gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis (GEMBE); Total protein assay ID CONTACTLESS CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION; ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; STEP WIDTH; TITRATION; RESOLUTION AB We investigated the ability of gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis (GEMBE) with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection ((CD)-D-4) to assay total protein concentration using the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) reaction. We chose this format because GEMBE-(CD)-D-4 behaves as a concentration dependent detection system, unlike optical methods that also rely on pathlength (due to Beer's law). This system tolerates proteins well compared with other capillary electrophoretic methods, allowing the capillary to be reused without coatings or additional hydroxide wash steps. The typical reaction protocol was modified by reducing the pH slightly from 11.25 to 9.4, which enabled elimination of tartrate from the reagents. We estimated that copper (I) could be detected at approximately 3.0 mu mol/L, which agrees with similar GEMBE and CZE systems utilizing (CD)-D-4. Under conditions similar to the BCA "micro method" assay, we determined the LOD for three common proteins (insulin, BSA, and bovine gamma globulin) and found that they agree well with the existing spectroscopic detection methods. Further, we investigated how long reaction times impact the LOD and found that the conversion was proportional to log(time). This indicated that little sensitivity is gained by extending the reaction past 1 h. Hence, GEMBE provides an alternative platform for total protein assays while maintaining the excellent sensitivity of the optical-based methods. C1 [Kralj, Jason G.; Munson, Matthew S.; Ross, David] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kralj, JG (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr MS 8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Jason.kralj@nist.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0173-0835 EI 1522-2683 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JUL PY 2014 VL 35 IS 12-13 SI SI BP 1887 EP 1892 DI 10.1002/elps.201400025 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA AL3GN UT WOS:000339015000018 PM 24648165 ER PT J AU Yashar, DA Domanski, PA Cho, H AF Yashar, David A. Domanski, Piotr A. Cho, Honghyun TI An experimental and computational study of approach air distribution for slanted and A-shaped finned-tube heat exchangers SO HVAC&R RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FLOW MALDISTRIBUTION; PERFORMANCE; EVAPORATORS AB One of the most influential factors of the performance of a finned-tube heat exchanger is the distribution of the air passing through it; therefore, it must be known in order to produce a highly efficient design. We examined two different common style air-to-refrigerant, finned-tube heat exchangers: a single-slab coil oriented at an angle of 65 degrees to the duct wall and an A-shaped coil with an apex angle of 34 degrees. We used particle image velocimetry (PIV) to measure their in-situ airflow distributions. The results show that the airflow distributions for both heat exchangers are highly nonuniform with different sections being subject to vastly different air velocities. We also used a momentum resistance-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach to model the airflow distributions through these heat exchangers. The modeled results agreed with the measured values, with most of the simulated velocities falling within +/-10% of the measured velocities. The results of this study show that the velocity profile for any configuration is strongly influenced by the geometry of the heat exchanger and other features in its proximity and, therefore, each installation configuration will have its own unique velocity distribution. The information presented in this paper documents the maldistribution of airflowing through finned-tube heat exchangers and highlights the sources and magnitude of the nonuniformities. C1 [Yashar, David A.] NIST, Div Energy & Environm, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Domanski, Piotr A.] NIST, HVAC&R Equipment Performance Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cho, Honghyun] Chosun Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Kwangju, South Korea. RP Yashar, DA (reprint author), NIST, Div Energy & Environm, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 7320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dyashar@nist.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1078-9669 EI 1938-5587 J9 HVAC&R RES JI HVAC&R Res. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 20 IS 5 BP 498 EP 507 DI 10.1080/10789669.2014.899466 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA AL3CN UT WOS:000339003000002 ER PT J AU Stephenson, TS Vincent, LA Allen, T Van Meerbeeck, CJ McLean, N Peterson, TC Taylor, MA Aaron-Morrison, AP Auguste, T Bernard, D Boekhoudt, JRI Blenman, RC Braithwaite, GC Brown, G Butler, M Cumberbatch, CJM Etienne-Leblanc, S Lake, DE Martin, DE McDonald, JL Zaruela, MO Porter, AO Ramirez, MS Tamar, GA Roberts, BA Mitro, SS Shaw, A Spence, JM Winter, A Trotman, AR AF Stephenson, Tannecia S. Vincent, Lucie A. Allen, Theodore Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J. McLean, Natalie Peterson, Thomas C. Taylor, Michael A. Aaron-Morrison, Arlene P. Auguste, Thomas Bernard, Didier Boekhoudt, Joffrey R. I. Blenman, Rosalind C. Braithwaite, George C. Brown, Glenroy Butler, Mary Cumberbatch, Catherine J. M. Etienne-Leblanc, Sheryl Lake, Dale E. Martin, Delver E. McDonald, Joan L. Zaruela, Maria Ozoria Porter, Avalon O. Ramirez, Mayra Santana Tamar, Gerard A. Roberts, Bridget A. Mitro, Sukarni Sallons Shaw, Adrian Spence, Jacqueline M. Winter, Amos Trotman, Adrian R. TI Changes in extreme temperature and precipitation in the Caribbean region, 1961-2010 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Caribbean; climate change; climate extreme; daily temperature; daily precipitation; trends; Atlantic multidecadal oscillation ID DAILY CLIMATE EXTREMES; CENTRAL-AMERICA; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MIDSUMMER DROUGHT; PACIFIC REGION; SOUTH-AMERICA; EL-NINO; RAINFALL; TRENDS; ATLANTIC AB A workshop was held at the University of the West Indies, Jamaica, in May 2012 to build capacity in climate data rescue and to enhance knowledge about climate change in the Caribbean region. Scientists brought their daily observational surface temperature and precipitation data from weather stations for an assessment of quality and homogeneity and for the calculation of climate indices helpful for studying climate change in their region. This study presents the trends in daily and extreme temperature and precipitation indices in the Caribbean region for records spanning the 1961-2010 and 1986-2010 intervals. Overall, the results show a warming of the surface air temperature at land stations. In general, the indices based on minimum temperature show stronger warming trends than indices calculated from maximum temperature. The frequency of warm days, warm nights and extreme high temperatures has increased while fewer cool days, cool nights and extreme low temperatures were found for both periods. Changes in precipitation indices are less consistent and the trends are generally weak. Small positive trends were found in annual total precipitation, daily intensity, maximum number of consecutive dry days and heavy rainfall events particularly during the period 1986-2010. Correlations between indices and the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) index suggest that temperature variability and, to a lesser extent, precipitation extremes are related to the AMO signal of the North Atlantic surface sea temperatures: stronger associations are found in August and September for the temperature indices and in June and October for some of the precipitation indices. C1 [Stephenson, Tannecia S.; McLean, Natalie; Taylor, Michael A.] Univ W Indies, Dept Phys, Kingston 7, Jamaica. [Vincent, Lucie A.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Div Climate Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Allen, Theodore] Univ Miami, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J.; Trotman, Adrian R.] Caribbean Inst Meteorol & Hydrol, St James, Barbados. [Peterson, Thomas C.] Natl Climat Ctr, NOAA, Asheville, NC USA. [Aaron-Morrison, Arlene P.] Trinidad & Tobago Meteorol Serv, Piarco, Trinid & Tobago. [Auguste, Thomas] St Lucia Meteorol Serv, Castries, St Lucia. [Bernard, Didier] Lab Rech Geosci & Energies, Pointe a Pitre, Guadeloupe. [Boekhoudt, Joffrey R. I.] Meteorol Dept Curacao, Willemstad, Curacao, Neth Antilles. [Blenman, Rosalind C.] Barbados Meteorol Serv, Christ Church, Barbados. [Braithwaite, George C.] Antigua & Barbuda Meteorol Serv, St Johns, Antigua & Barbu. [Brown, Glenroy; Shaw, Adrian; Spence, Jacqueline M.] Meteorol Serv, Kingston, Jamaica. [Butler, Mary] Dept Meteorol, Nassau, Bahamas. [Cumberbatch, Catherine J. M.] Natl Meteorol Serv Belize, Belize City, Belize. [Etienne-Leblanc, Sheryl] Dominica Meteorol Serv, Canefield, Dominica. [Lake, Dale E.] Virgin Isl Dept Disaster Management, Tortola, VI USA. [Martin, Delver E.] St Kitts Meteorol Serv, Bird Rock, St Kitts & Nevi. [McDonald, Joan L.] ET Joshua Airport, Meteorol & Aeronaut Informat Serv, St George, St Vincent. [Zaruela, Maria Ozoria] Oficina Nacl Meteorol, Santo Domingo Este, Dominican Rep. [Ramirez, Mayra Santana] Inst Meteorol Republ Cuba, Cuidad De La Habana, Cuba. [Tamar, Gerard A.] Grenada Airports Author, St Georges, Grenada. [Roberts, Bridget A.] Hydrometeorol Serv Guyana, Stabroek, Guyana. [Mitro, Sukarni Sallons] Meteorol Serv Suriname, Paramaribo, Surinam. [Winter, Amos] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00709 USA. RP Stephenson, TS (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Dept Phys, Kingston 7, Jamaica. EM tannecia.stephenson02@uwimona.edu.jm FU World Meteorological Organization; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre; European Union FX The capacity building workshop on data rescue and climate change indices held in Kingston, Jamaica on May 7-10 was supported by the World Meteorological Organization, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre. The participants greatly enjoyed the hospitality provided by the Department of Physics at the University of the West Indies, Mona. Data compiled from The Caribbean Agrometeorological Initiative (CAMI) project executed by the Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology and supported by the European Union funded African Caribbean and Pacific Group of Countries (ACP) Science and Technology Programme complemented the data provided by meteorological services across the Caribbean, Guyana and Belize. Special thanks to Shontelle Stoute and Lisa Kirton-Reed for their contribution to the CAMI Project. Other data were obtained from the National Climatic Data Centre online archive and from Meteo-France. Special thanks to the directors of the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services for facilitating the participation of their staff in the workshop and for providing data. NR 56 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 7 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 34 IS 9 BP 2957 EP 2971 DI 10.1002/joc.3889 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AL3XU UT WOS:000339065900009 ER PT J AU Emery, BM Washburn, L Whelan, C Barrick, D Harlan, J AF Emery, Brian M. Washburn, Libe Whelan, Chad Barrick, Don Harlan, Jack TI Measuring Antenna Patterns for Ocean Surface Current HF Radars with Ships of Opportunity SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FREQUENCY RADARS; CALIBRATION AB HF radars measure ocean surface currents near coastlines with a spatial and temporal resolution that remains unmatched by other approaches. Most HF radars employ direction-finding techniques, which obtain the most accurate ocean surface current data when using measured, rather than idealized, antenna patterns. Simplifying and automating the antenna pattern measurement (APM) process would improve the utility of HF radar data, since idealized patterns are widely used. A method is presented for obtaining antenna pattern measurements for direction-finding HF radars from ships of opportunity. Positions obtained from the Automatic Identification System (AIS) are used to identify signals backscattered from ships in ocean current radar data. These signals and ship position data are then combined to determine the HF radar APM. Data screening methods are developed and shown to produce APMs with low error when compared with APMs obtained with shipboard transponder-based approaches. The analysis indicates that APMs can be reproduced when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the backscattered signal is greater than 11dB. Large angular sectors of the APM can be obtained on time scales of days, with as few as 50 ships. C1 [Emery, Brian M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Emery, Brian M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Washburn, Libe] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Whelan, Chad; Barrick, Don] CODAR Ocean Sensors Ltd, Mountain View, CA USA. [Harlan, Jack] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Emery, BM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM brian.emery@ucsb.edu FU U.S. Department of Commerce [WC133R10CN0212] FX We thank Megan McKenna and John Hildebrand, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, for the AIS data. Boat operations by David Salazar, Cristoph Pierre, and Eduardo Romero contributed to ATRANS measurements, and all aspects of this analysis were improved through the work of, and discussions with, Cyril Johnson. We thank the three anonymous reviewers, whose efforts improved the manuscript. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce under Contract WC133R10CN0212, and it benefitted from the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System program office's HF radar support. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1564 EP 1582 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00181.1 PG 19 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AL4KQ UT WOS:000339102200009 ER PT J AU Kang, JW Diky, V Chirico, RD Magee, JW Muzny, CD Kazakov, AF Kroenlein, K Frenkel, M AF Kang, Jeong Won Diky, Vladimir Chirico, Robert D. Magee, Joseph W. Muzny, Chris D. Kazakov, Andrei F. Kroenlein, Kenneth Frenkel, Michael TI Algorithmic Framework for Quality Assessment of Phase Equilibrium Data SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID THERMODATA ENGINE TDE; VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIUM; MODIFIED UNIFAC DORTMUND; EXCESS GIBBS ENERGY; SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION; BINARY-MIXTURES; ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENTS; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; MODEL; REVISION AB Data quality assessment procedures for various types of phase equilibrium data are reviewed and analyzed. Experimental data for vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE), liquid liquid equilibrium (LLE), solid liquid equilibrium (SLE), infinite dilution activity coefficients (ACT), and excess enthalpy (HE) are used for interproperty consistency checks, together with relevant properties of pure compounds. These procedures are essential for validation of experimental data and development of high quality prediction and correlation models. A single framework involving consistency tests for all types of phase equilibria data is proposed, together with an algorithm implementation. C1 [Kang, Jeong Won] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Sungbuk Ku, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Diky, Vladimir; Chirico, Robert D.; Magee, Joseph W.; Muzny, Chris D.; Kazakov, Andrei F.; Kroenlein, Kenneth; Frenkel, Michael] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Frenkel, M (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM frenkel@boulder.nist.gov RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009; Kang, Jeongwon/F-7010-2013 OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593; Kang, Jeongwon/0000-0002-5161-1122 NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD JUL PY 2014 VL 59 IS 7 BP 2283 EP 2293 DI 10.1021/je500327k PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA AL2UM UT WOS:000338981000020 ER PT J AU Fleming, IA Bottom, DL Jones, KK Simenstad, CA Craig, JF AF Fleming, I. A. Bottom, D. L. Jones, K. K. Simenstad, C. A. Craig, J. F. TI Resilience of anadromous and resident salmonid populations SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ECO-EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS; LIFE-HISTORY; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; COMPLEXITY; FITNESS; FUTURE; SALAR; BETS C1 [Fleming, I. A.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Fish Evolutionary Ecol Res Grp, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. [Fleming, I. A.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Ocean Sci, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. [Bottom, D. L.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Jones, K. K.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Simenstad, C. A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Fleming, IA (reprint author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, Fish Evolutionary Ecol Res Grp, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. RI Fleming, Ian/I-7217-2012 NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 85 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1111/jfb.12429 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AL2HE UT WOS:000338945800001 PM 24980458 ER PT J AU Vincenzi, S Crivelli, AJ Satterthwaite, WH Mangel, M AF Vincenzi, S. Crivelli, A. J. Satterthwaite, W. H. Mangel, M. TI Eco-evolutionary dynamics induced by massive mortality events SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE floods; life histories; marble trout; somatic growth; trade-off ID TROUT SALMO-MARMORATUS; DEPENDENT INDIVIDUAL GROWTH; FISHERIES-INDUCED EVOLUTION; ENERGY ACQUISITION RATES; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; MARBLE TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; BROWN TROUT; POPULATION-DENSITY; INTRINSIC GROWTH AB An eco-genetic model tuned on a population of marble trout Salmo marmoratus subject to periodic flood events was used to explore how the evolution of growth rates interacting with density-dependent processes can modify size at age and population structure and in turn influence the resilience of populations. Fish with greater growth potential were assumed to have higher mortality rates. The results of simulations were compared between two scenarios, one in which populations may evolve growth rates and the other one in which the distribution of growth rates within a population is kept fixed. Evolving populations had a greater proportion of age 1 year individuals in the population, greater median length at age 3 years (the typical age at sexual maturity for S. marmoratus) and lower population sizes. The slightly smaller population sizes did not affect realized extinction risk. Resilience, defined as the number of years necessary to rebound from flood-induced population collapse, was on average from 2 to 3 years in both scenarios, with no significant difference between them. Moderate heritability of growth, relaxation of density-dependent processes at low densities and rapid recovery to a safe population size combine to limit the capacity to evolve faster recovery after flood-induced population collapses via changing growth rates. (C) 2014 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 [Vincenzi, S.; Satterthwaite, W. H.; Mangel, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Vincenzi, S.] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Elettron Informaz & Bioingn, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Crivelli, A. J.] Stn Biol Tour Valat, F-13200 Arles, France. [Satterthwaite, W. H.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Mangel, M.] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. RP Vincenzi, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM simon.vincenz@gmail.com FU Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship FX We thank S. Carlson, O. Shelton and four anonymous reviewers for comments and suggestions that improved a previous version of the manuscript. S.V. is supported by a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship for the project RAPIDEVO on the rapid evolution of life history traits in response to climate and environmental change. NR 76 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 85 IS 1 SI SI BP 8 EP 30 DI 10.1111/jfb.12382 PG 23 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AL2HE UT WOS:000338945800002 PM 24786910 ER PT J AU Craig, BE Simenstad, CA Bottom, DL AF Craig, B. E. Simenstad, C. A. Bottom, D. L. TI Rearing in natural and recovering tidal wetlands enhances growth and life-history diversity of Columbia Estuary tributary coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch population SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE habitat restoration; migration; nomad; Pacific salmon; resilience; scale pattern analysis ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; SCALE PATTERN-ANALYSIS; RIVER ESTUARY; OREGON; TSHAWYTSCHA; WASHINGTON; STEELHEAD; MIGRATION; MOVEMENT; SURVIVAL AB This study provides evidence of the importance of tributary tidal wetlands to local coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch populations and life-history diversity. Subyearling and, to a lesser extent, yearling O. kisutch life histories utilized various estuary habitats within the Grays River, a tidal freshwater tributary of the Columbia River estuary, including restoring emergent wetlands and natural forested wetlands. Migration timing data, size distributions, estuary residence and scale patterns suggest a predominance of subyearling migrant life histories, including several that involve extended periods of estuary rearing. Estuarine-rearing subyearling O. kisutch exhibited the greatest overall growth rates; the highest growth rates were seen in fish that utilized restoring emergent wetlands. These results contrast with studies conducted in the main-stem Columbia River estuary, which captured few O. kisutch, of which nearly all were hatchery-origin yearling smolts. Restoration and preservation of peripheral and tributary wetland habitats, such as those in the Grays River, could play an important role in the recovery of natural O. kisutch populations in the Columbia River and elsewhere. (C) 2014 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 [Craig, B. E.; Simenstad, C. A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bottom, D. L.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Craig, BE (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Mill Creek, WA 98012 USA. EM Bethany.Craig@dfw.wa.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration FX This research was made possible by funding from the Bonneville Power Administration. We thank the staff of the NOAA Fisheries Point Adams laboratory, the University of Washington Wetland Ecosystem Team and High Seas Lab, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, the Columbia River Estuary Study Taskforce and numerous volunteers for support and field assistance. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 85 IS 1 SI SI BP 31 EP 51 DI 10.1111/jfb.12433 PG 21 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AL2HE UT WOS:000338945800003 PM 24890886 ER PT J AU Jones, KK Cornwell, TJ Bottom, DL Campbell, LA Stein, S AF Jones, K. K. Cornwell, T. J. Bottom, D. L. Campbell, L. A. Stein, S. TI The contribution of estuary-resident life histories to the return of adult Oncorhynchus kisutch SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE life-history diversity; Oregon; otolith microchemistry; Salmon River; survival; winter habitat ID JUVENILE COHO SALMON; RIVER ESTUARY; OTOLITH MICROCHEMISTRY; HABITAT USE; OREGON; RESILIENCE; WASHINGTON; MOVEMENTS; MIGRATION; STREAMS AB This study evaluated estuarine habitat use, life-history composition, growth and survival of four successive broods of coho salmon Oncoryhnchus kisutch in Salmon River, Oregon, U. S. A. Subyearling and yearling O. kisutch used restored and natural estuarine wetlands, particularly in the spring and winter. Stream-reared yearling smolts spent an average of 2 weeks in the estuary growing rapidly before entering the ocean. Emergent fry also entered the estuary in the spring, and some resided in a tidal marsh throughout the summer, even as salinities increased to >20. A significant portion of the summer stream-resident population of juvenile O. kisutch migrated out of the catchment in the autumn and winter and used estuary wetlands and adjacent streams as alternative winter-rearing habitats until the spring when they entered the ocean as yearling smolts. Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag returns and juvenile life-history reconstructions from otoliths of returning adults revealed that four juvenile life-history types contributed to the adult population. Estuarine-associated life-history strategies accounted for 20-35% of the adults returning to spawn in the four brood years, indicating that a sizable proportion of the total O. kisutch production is ignored by conventional estimates based on stream habitat capacity. Juvenile O. kisutch responses to the reconnection of previously unavailable estuarine habitats have led to greater life-history diversity in the population and reflect greater phenotypic plasticity of the species in the U. S. Pacific Northwest than previously recognized. (C) 2014 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 [Jones, K. K.; Cornwell, T. J.; Stein, S.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Bottom, D. L.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Campbell, L. A.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Jones, KK (reprint author), Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM kim.jones@oregonstate.edu FU Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board (OWEB); Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; NOAA Fisheries FX We appreciate the research funding provided through the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board (OWEB) and support from Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife and NOAA Fisheries. The USFS has been responsible for extensive estuarine restoration within the Cascade Head Scenic Research Area, with assistance from OWEB. D. Welch and other personnel at the ODFW Salmon River hatchery and staff from Miami Corporation provided logistical support and access. L. Borgerson analysed the adult O. kisutch scales. J. Peterson of Oregon State University graciously evaluated the survival rates. Special thanks to L. Nguyen, S. Orlaineta and A. Claiborne from the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Fish Ageing and Otolith Laboratories for otolith sample preparation. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of field staff that operated the screw trap, conducted field surveys and collected otoliths. Thorough reviews provided by three anonymous referees improved the manuscript immensely. NR 58 TC 20 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 85 IS 1 SI SI BP 52 EP 80 DI 10.1111/jfb.12380 PG 29 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AL2HE UT WOS:000338945800004 PM 24766645 ER PT J AU Kim, YS Dagalakis, NG Gupta, SK AF Kim, Y-S Dagalakis, N. G. Gupta, S. K. TI Design of MEMS based three-axis motion stage by incorporating a nested structure SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE MEMS; three-axis; motion stage; nested structure; serial kinematic mechanism ID ELECTROTHERMAL ACTUATORS; THERMAL ACTUATOR; PARALLEL; NANOPOSITIONER; MICROGRIPPER; FABRICATION; SILICON; BEAM AB A new design of three degrees-of-freedom (DOF) translational motion stage (XYZ stage) is presented in this paper. This XYZ stage is based on MEMS and designed by combining three existing one-DOF motion stages through a nested structure. By utilizing the previously developed stages, this approach can reduce the effort for the design and analysis steps and ensure reasonable reliability. For successful implementation, electrical connection to the engaged stages, electrical isolation among them, and additional floating frames are introduced for the chosen one-DOF motion stages. With these features, the presented XYZ stage is successfully fabricated and demonstrates the range of motion of 53.98, 49.15, and 22.91 mu m along X, Y, and Z axes, respectively. The coupled motion errors among the engaged stages can be reduced to be less than 1 mu m with the proposed compensation method. C1 [Kim, Y-S; Gupta, S. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kim, Y-S; Gupta, S. K.] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kim, Y-S; Dagalakis, N. G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kim, YS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mk37do@gmail.com FU Measurement Science for Intelligent Manufacturing Robotics and Automation Program of the Intelligent Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA FX The authors would like to thank Dr Richard Gates for his valuable advice and support on the experiments for the frequency response. This research was performed in part in the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology Nano Fabrication Clean Room. This work was supported by the Measurement Science for Intelligent Manufacturing Robotics and Automation Program of the Intelligent Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 EI 1361-6439 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 24 IS 7 AR 075009 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/24/7/075009 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AL1XC UT WOS:000338918600009 ER PT J AU Li, YL Han, WQ Shinoda, T Wang, CZ Ravichandran, M Wang, JW AF Li, Yuanlong Han, Weiqing Shinoda, Toshiaki Wang, Chunzai Ravichandran, M. Wang, Jih-Wang TI Revisiting the Wintertime Intraseasonal SST Variability in the Tropical South Indian Ocean: Impact of the Ocean Interannual Variation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPOSPHERIC BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; MIXED-LAYER; SEYCHELLES DOME; DIURNAL CYCLE; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SEASONAL-VARIATION; MONSOON RAINFALL AB Intraseasonal sea surface temperature (SST) variability over the Seychelles-Chagos thermocline ridge (SCTR; 128-4 degrees S, 558-85 degrees E) induced by boreal wintertime Madden-Julian oscillations (MJOs) is investigated with a series of OGCM experiments forced by the best available atmospheric data. The impact of the ocean interannual variation (OIV), for example, the thermocline depth changes in the SCTR, is assessed. The results show that surface shortwave radiation (SWR), wind speed-controlled turbulent heat fluxes, and wind stress-driven ocean processes are all important in causing the MJO-related intraseasonal SST variability. The effect of the OIV is significant in the eastern part of the SCTR (70 degrees-85 degrees E), where the intraseasonal SSTs are strengthened by about 20% during the 2001-11 period. In the western part (55 degrees-70 degrees E), such effect is relatively small and not significant. The relative importance of the three dominant forcing factors is adjusted by the OIV, with increased (decreased) contribution from wind stress (wind speed and SWR). The OIV also tends to intensify the year-to-year variability of the intraseasonal SST amplitude. In general, a stronger (weaker) SCTR favors larger (smaller) SST responses to the MJO forcing. Because of the nonlinearity of the upper-ocean thermal stratification, especially the mixed layer depth (MLD), the OIV imposes an asymmetric impact on the intraseasonal SSTs between the strong and weak SCTR conditions. In the eastern SCTR, both the heat flux forcing and entrainment are greatly amplified under the strong SCTR condition, but only slightly suppressed under the weak SCTR condition, leading to an overall strengthening effect by the OIV. C1 [Li, Yuanlong; Han, Weiqing] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shinoda, Toshiaki] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Corpus Christi, TX USA. [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Ravichandran, M.] Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Wang, Jih-Wang] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Li, YL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Campus Box 311, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM yuanlong.li@colorado.edu RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; Shinoda, Toshiaki/J-3745-2016; OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; Shinoda, Toshiaki/0000-0003-1416-2206; Ravichandran, Muthalagu/0000-0002-4602-0731 FU NOAA [NA11OAR4310100]; NSF CAREER Award [0847605] FX Y. Li and W. Han are supported by NOAA NA11OAR4310100 and NSF CAREER Award 0847605. Insightful comments and suggestions from two anonymous reviewers and the editor Dr. William Kessler are very helpful in improving our work. This work also benefits from the discussion with Dr. Michael McPhaden. We appreciate the help from Office of Information Technology (OIT) of University of Colorado in maintaining the computational resources. We thank Allan Wallcraft for the technical consultation on HYCOM model. NR 109 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1886 EP 1907 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-13-0238.1 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AL5OT UT WOS:000339183800012 ER PT J AU Kamazawa, K Harada, M Araki, T Matsuo, Y Tyagi, M Sugiyama, J AF Kamazawa, Kazuya Harada, Masashi Araki, Toru Matsuo, Yasumitsu Tyagi, Madhusudan Sugiyama, Jun TI Interrelationship between Number of Mobile Protons, Diffusion Coefficient, and AC Conductivity in Superprotonic Conductors, CsHSO4 and Rb3H(SeO4)(2) SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PHASE; CRYSTALS; HYDROGEN; MODEL; MECHANISM; ENTROPY; ICE AB Using quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS), we investigated the proton dynamics for two superprotonic conductors, CsHSO4 and Rb3H(SeO4)(2). To evaluate the self-diffusion coefficients and the number of mobile protons on both superprotonic and normal phases, we focused on proton dynamics not only in the phase above T-c, but also in the phase below T-c. In Rb3H(SeO4)(2), the self-diffusion of protons was observed even below the T-c phase. In contrast to popular belief, no large changes in the self-diffusion coefficients were observed across T-c. Nevertheless, the increase in the number of mobile protons across T-c was about 14.5 times, which was estimated from the integrated intensity of QENS spectra, and this change could not account for the increased magnitude of proton conductivity, which is about 500 times. As a large translational self-diffusion coefficient has not been reported in previous works by QENS experiments, there are still unknown factors that contribute to the Nernst-Einstein relation that need to be discovered. C1 [Kamazawa, Kazuya; Harada, Masashi; Araki, Toru; Sugiyama, Jun] Toyota Cent Res & Dev Labs Inc, Nagakute, Aichi 4801192, Japan. [Matsuo, Yasumitsu] Setsunan Univ, Dept Life Sci, Neyagawa, Osaka 5728508, Japan. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kamazawa, K (reprint author), CROSS, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. EM k_kamazawa@cross.or.jp RI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; Sugiyama, Jun/M-6535-2015 OI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; Sugiyama, Jun/0000-0002-0916-5333 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan [23108003] FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. Part of this work was also supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas "Ultra Slow Muon" (No. 23108003), from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 83 IS 7 AR 074604 DI 10.7566/JPSJ.83.074604 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AL3RZ UT WOS:000339047900025 ER PT J AU Yajima, T Takeiri, F Nozaki, Y Li, Z Tohyama, T Green, MA Kobayashi, Y Kageyama, H AF Yajima, Takeshi Takeiri, Fumitaka Nozaki, Yasumasa Li, Zhi Tohyama, Takami Green, Mark A. Kobayashi, Yoji Kageyama, Hiroshi TI Superconductivity in the Hypervalent Compound Ba2Bi(Sb1-xBix)(2) with a Square-Honeycomb Lattice SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-DENSITY WAVES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PNICTIDES; ELEMENT; PHASE AB We studied the structural and physical properties of the hypervalent system Ba2Bi(Sb1-xBix)(2) (0 <= x <= 1) with an anisotropic "square-honeycomb" layer. We found that the orthorhombic Ba2BiSb2 (x = 0) shows a charge density wave (CDW) transition at approximately 230K accompanied by a significant elongation of the b-axis, indicating the quasione- dimensional nature along the b-axis in its electronic state, as supported by first-principles calculations. This CDW transition is rapidly suppressed with increasing x, leading to the appearance of superconductivity for 0.375 <= x <= 1. The superconducting transition temperature T-c increases slightly with x and the maximum T-c was 4.4K for Ba2Bi3 (x = 1). C1 [Yajima, Takeshi; Takeiri, Fumitaka; Nozaki, Yasumasa; Kobayashi, Yoji; Kageyama, Hiroshi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Energy & Hydrocarbon Chem, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. [Yajima, Takeshi] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. [Li, Zhi] Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Phys, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Tohyama, Takami] Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Tohyama, Takami] Tokyo Univ Sci, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1258585, Japan. [Green, Mark A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yajima, T (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Energy & Hydrocarbon Chem, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. EM yajima@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp; kage@scl.kyoto-u.ac.jp RI Kageyama, Hiroshi/A-4602-2010 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) through its "Funding Program for World-Leading Innovative R&D on Science and Technology (FIRST) Program" FX We thank J. Kim and A. Fujiwara for their help in synchrotron XRD measurements. This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) through its "Funding Program for World-Leading Innovative R&D on Science and Technology (FIRST) Program". NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 32 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 83 IS 7 AR 073705 DI 10.7566/JPSJ.83.073705 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AL3RZ UT WOS:000339047900008 ER PT J AU Dalebout, ML Baker, CS Steel, D Thompson, K Robertson, KM Chivers, SJ Perrin, WF Goonatilake, M Anderson, RC Mead, JG Potter, CW Thompson, L Jupiter, D Yamada, TK AF Dalebout, Merel L. Baker, C. Scott Steel, Debbie Thompson, Kirsten Robertson, Kelly M. Chivers, Susan J. Perrin, William F. Goonatilake, Manori Anderson, R. Charles Mead, James G. Potter, Charles W. Thompson, Lisa Jupiter, Danielle Yamada, Tadasu K. TI Resurrection of Mesoplodon hotaula Deraniyagala 1963: A new species of beaked whale in the tropical Indo-Pacific SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE speciation; taxonomy; species delimitation; mtDNA; nuclear introns; Y-chromosome; morphology; Mesoplodon; beaked whale ID DNA EXTRACTION; ANCIENT DNA; ZIPHIIDAE; PURIFICATION; SEQUENCE; NUCLEAR; CETACEA; DISTINCTIVENESS; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; DELIMITATION AB We present genetic and morphological evidence supporting the recognition of a previously synonymized species of Mesoplodon beaked whale in the tropical Indo-Pacific, Mesoplodon hotaula. Although the new species is closely-related to the rare ginkgo-toothed beaked whale M. ginkgodens, we show that these two lineages can be differentiated by maternally (mitochondrial DNA), biparentally (autosomal), and paternally (Y chromosome) inherited DNA sequences, as well as by morphological features. The reciprocal monophyly of the mtDNA genealogies and the largely parapatric distribution of these lineages is consistent with reproductive isolation. The new lineage is currently known from at least seven specimens: Sri Lanka (1), Gilbert Islands, Republic of Kiribati (1+), Palmyra Atoll, Northern Line Islands, U. S. A. (3), Maldives (1), and Seychelles (1). The type specimen (Sri Lanka) was described as a new species, M. hotaula, in 1963, but later synonymized with M. ginkgodens. This discovery brings the total number of Mesoplodon species to 15, making it, by far, the most speciose yet least known genus of cetaceans. C1 [Dalebout, Merel L.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Baker, C. Scott; Steel, Debbie; Thompson, Kirsten] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1000, New Zealand. [Baker, C. Scott; Steel, Debbie] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Robertson, Kelly M.; Chivers, Susan J.; Perrin, William F.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Goonatilake, Manori] Dept Natl Museums, Colombo 7, Sri Lanka. [Anderson, R. Charles] Manta Marine Pvt Ltd, Male, Maldives. [Mead, James G.; Potter, Charles W.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Thompson, Lisa; Jupiter, Danielle] Isl Conservat Soc Fdn Conservat Iles Pointe Larue, Victoria, Seychelles. [Yamada, Tadasu K.] Natl Sci Museum, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1690073, Japan. RP Dalebout, ML (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM mereldalebout@gmail.com OI Thompson, Kirsten Freja/0000-0003-4277-3549 FU US Marine Mammal Commission; National Geographic Society FX For collection and access to samples and specimens, we thank Roger V. Grace (Kiribati), NOAA Pacific Islands Regional Office, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Nature Conservancy (Palmyra Atoll), New Zealand Department of Conservation field center staff (NZ DoC), John Wang, FormosaCetus, Taiwan, Janette Norman and Wayne Longmore, Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia, and Abdullah Asif Waheed, Maldives. We thank the Director General of the Department of Wildlife Conservation of Sri Lanka, and the Director of Departments of the National Museums of Sri Lanka for permission to sample the M. hotaula holotype and tissue-export permits. We thank Bob Pitman, US NMFS Southwest Fisheries Science Center, for discussion regarding color pattern differences, Anton van Helden, National Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa for photographs and discussion regarding M. ginkgodens. This manuscript benefitted from comments by Randall Reeves, IUCN Cetacean Specialist Group, and three anonymous reviewers. For additional photographs, we thank Hans Stoffregen and Bryan Williams (NZ DoC). Partial funding for laboratory analyses was provided by grants to CSB from the US Marine Mammal Commission and the National Geographic Society. MLD is a Visiting Fellow at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. NR 62 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 30 IS 3 BP 1081 EP 1108 DI 10.1111/mms.12113 PG 28 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AL4KM UT WOS:000339101800013 ER PT J AU Eguchi, T AF Eguchi, Tomoharu TI Estimating the proportion of identifiable individuals and group sizes in photographic identification studies SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE abundance; Bayesian statistics; Bugs language; capture-mark-recapture analysis; hierarchical models ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE METHODS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; PHOTOIDENTIFICATION DATA; NEW-ZEALAND; POPULATION ABUNDANCE; HUMPBACK WHALES; DOUBTFUL SOUND; SPERM-WHALES; SURVIVAL AB Simple Bayesian statistical models are introduced to estimate the proportion of identifiable individuals and group sizes in photographic identification, or photo-ID, studies of animals that are found in groups. The models require a simple random photographic sampling of animals, where the photographic captures are treated as sampling with replacement within each group. The total number of images, including those that cannot be identified, and the number of images that contain identifiable individuals are used to make inference about the proportion of identifiable individuals within each group and as the population when a number of groups are sampled. The numbers of images for individuals within each group are used to make inference about the group size. Based on analyses of simulated and real data, the models perform well with respect to accuracy and precision of posterior distributions of the parameters. Widths of posterior intervals were affected by the number of groups sampled, sampling duration, and the proportion of identifiable individuals in each group that was sampled. The structure of the models can accommodate covariates, which may affect photographic efficiency, defined in this study as the probability of photographically capturing individuals. C1 NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Eguchi, T (reprint author), NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM tomo.eguchi@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 30 IS 3 BP 1122 EP 1139 DI 10.1111/mms.12119 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AL4KM UT WOS:000339101800015 ER PT J AU Johanos, TC Harting, AL Wurth, TA Baker, JD AF Johanos, Thea C. Harting, Albert L. Wurth, Tracy A. Baker, Jason D. TI Range-wide movement patterns of Hawaiian monk seals SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ABUNDANCE; ISLANDS; DISEASE C1 [Johanos, Thea C.; Baker, Jason D.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Harting, Albert L.] Harting Biol Consulting, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Wurth, Tracy A.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Johanos, TC (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1601 Kapiolani Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM thea.johanos-kam@noaa.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 30 IS 3 BP 1165 EP 1174 DI 10.1111/mms.12084 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AL4KM UT WOS:000339101800019 ER PT J AU de Oliveira, LR Brownell, RL AF de Oliveira, Larissa Rosa Brownell, Robert L., Jr. TI Taxonomic status of two subspecies of South American fur seals: Arctocephalus australis australis vs. A. a. gracilis SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LIONS C1 [de Oliveira, Larissa Rosa] Univ Vale Rio Sinos UNISINOS, Lab Ecol Mamiferos, BR-93022000 Sao Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. [de Oliveira, Larissa Rosa] GEMARS, Grp Estudos Mamiferos Aquat Rio Grande do Sul, BR-95625000 Imbe, RS, Brazil. [Brownell, Robert L., Jr.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP de Oliveira, LR (reprint author), Univ Vale Rio Sinos UNISINOS, Lab Ecol Mamiferos, Av Unisinos 950,Ctr 2,Bloco D,Sala 2D221, BR-93022000 Sao Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. EM lari.minuano@gmail.com NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 30 IS 3 BP 1258 EP 1263 DI 10.1111/mms.12098 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AL4KM UT WOS:000339101800028 ER PT J AU Arrigo, KR Perovich, DK Pickart, RS Brown, ZW van Dijken, GL Lowry, KE Mills, MM Palmer, MA Balch, WM Bates, NR Benitez-Nelson, CR Brownlee, E Frey, KE Laney, SR Mathis, J Matsuoka, A Mitchell, BG Moore, GWK Reynolds, RA Sosik, HM Swift, JH AF Arrigo, Kevin R. Perovich, Donald K. Pickart, Robert S. Brown, Zachary W. van Dijken, Gert L. Lowry, Kate E. Mills, Matthew M. Palmer, Molly A. Balch, William M. Bates, Nicholas R. Benitez-Nelson, Claudia R. Brownlee, Emily Frey, Karen E. Laney, Samuel R. Mathis, Jeremy Matsuoka, Atsushi Mitchell, B. Greg Moore, G. W. K. Reynolds, Rick A. Sosik, Heidi M. Swift, James H. TI Phytoplankton blooms beneath the sea ice in the Chukchi sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Sea ice; Phytoplankton ID MARINE MAMMALS; BERING STRAIT; ARCTIC-OCEAN; BARENTS SEA; ALGAL BLOOM; FOOD WEBS; SUMMER; SHELF; FLOW; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB In the Arctic Ocean, phytoplankton blooms on continental shelves are often limited by light availability, and are therefore thought to be restricted to waters free of sea ice. During July 2011 in the Chukchi Sea, a large phytoplankton bloom was observed beneath fully consolidated pack ice and extended from the ice edge to > 100 km into the pack The bloom was composed primarily of diatoms, with biomass reaching 1291 mg chlorophyll alpha m(-2) and rates of carbon fixation as high as 3.7 g C m(-2) d(-1). Although the sea ice where the bloom was observed was near 100% concentration and 0.8-12 m thick, 30-40% of its surface was covered by melt ponds that transmitted 4-fold more light than adjacent areas of bare ice, providing sufficient light for phytoplankton to bloom. Phytoplankton growth rates associated with the under-ice bloom averaged 0.9 d(-1) and were as high as 1.6 d(-1). We argue that a thinning sea ice cover with more numerous melt ponds over the past decade has enhanced light penetration through the sea ice into the upper water column, favoring the development of these blooms. These observations, coupled with additional biogeochemical evidence, suggest that phytoplankton blooms are currently widespread on nutrient-rich Arctic continental shelves and that satellite-based estimates of annual primary production in waters where under-ice blooms develop are similar to 10-fold too low. These massive phytoplankton blooms represent a marked shift in our understanding of Arctic marine ecosystems. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Arrigo, Kevin R.; Brown, Zachary W.; van Dijken, Gert L.; Lowry, Kate E.; Mills, Matthew M.; Palmer, Molly A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Perovich, Donald K.] Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Perovich, Donald K.] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Pickart, Robert S.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Balch, William M.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, Harbor, ME 04575 USA. [Bates, Nicholas R.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, St Georges, Bermuda. [Benitez-Nelson, Claudia R.] Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Benitez-Nelson, Claudia R.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Brownlee, Emily; Laney, Samuel R.; Sosik, Heidi M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Frey, Karen E.] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Mathis, Jeremy] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Matsuoka, Atsushi] Univ Paris 06, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, F-06238 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Matsuoka, Atsushi] Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Takuvik Joint Int Lab, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. [Matsuoka, Atsushi] Univ Laval, Quebec Ocean, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. [Mitchell, B. Greg; Reynolds, Rick A.; Swift, James H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Moore, G. W. K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RP Arrigo, KR (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM arrigo@stanford.edu OI Benitez-Nelson, Claudia/0000-0002-1004-5048; Reynolds, Rick/0000-0002-1579-3600; Lowry, Kate/0000-0002-1604-5428; Sosik, Heidi/0000-0002-4591-2842 FU Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program; Cryosphere Science Program of the National Aeronautic and Space Administration [NNX10AF42G, NNH10A017I, NNX10AT67G, NNX10AG36G, NNX09AE42G, NNX11AF65G, NNX10AH71G, NNX10AGO7G, NNX10AG05G] FX This research was supported by the Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program and the Cryosphere Science Program of the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NNX10AF42G to K. Arrigo, R. Pickart, and J. Swift, NNH10A017I to D. Perovich, NNX10AT67G to W. Balch, NNX10AG36G to N. Bates and J. Mathis, NNX09AE42G and NNX11AF65G to B. G. Mitchell and C. Benitez-Nelson, NNX10AH71G to K. Frey, NNX10AGO7G to S. Laney and H. Sosik, and NNX10AG05G to R. Reynolds) and by the Malina project. We would like to thank the captain and crew of the USCGC Healy. NR 91 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 11 U2 92 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 105 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.03.018 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AL2TP UT WOS:000338978700001 ER PT J AU Hartten, LM Johnston, PE AF Hartten, Leslie M. Johnston, Paul E. TI Stratocumulus-Topped Marine Boundary Layer Processes Revealed by the Absence of Profiler Reflectivity SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLOUDS; AIR; ATMOSPHERE; SYSTEM; RADARS; MODEL; ARRAY AB Stratocumulus (Sc) clouds occur frequently over the cold waters of the southeastern Pacific Ocean. Data collected during two Pan American Climate Study research cruises in the tropical eastern Pacific illuminate many aspects of this Sc-topped marine boundary layer (MBL). Here the focus is on understanding gaps in detectable wind-profiler reflectivities during two boreal autumn cruises. After rigorous quality control that included applying the Riddle threshold of minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) detectability, there are many instances with no measurable atmospheric signals through a depth of up to several hundred meters, often lasting for an hour or more. Rain gauge data from the autumn 2004 cruise are used to calibrate the profiler, which allows SNR to be converted to both equivalent reflectivity and the structure-function parameter of the index of refraction C-n(2) Profiles of C-n(2) statistics from the two profiler modes (resolutions) highlight the wide range of C-n(2) during a 24-h period and bound the atmosphere's C-n(2) when low-mode gaps are not mirrored in the high-mode data. Considering the gaps in terms of C-n(2) allows them to be understood as indications of reduced "top down" buoyancy processes and/or reduced turbulent intensity, both of which have been demonstrated by previous researchers to be associated with decoupling within the Sc-topped MBL. A decoupling index calculated from surface and ceilometer data strongly suggests that decoupled conditions were common and that the MBL was coupled when gaps in profiler reflectivity were unlikely. Further study of data from other cruises may lead to a method of using profiler reflectivity as an indicator of decoupled conditions. C1 [Hartten, Leslie M.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hartten, LM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM leslie.m.hartten@noaa.gov RI Hartten, Leslie/F-1970-2010; Johnston, Paul/E-1914-2016 OI Hartten, Leslie/0000-0002-5620-6302; Johnston, Paul/0000-0002-4046-9351 FU NOAA's Climate Program Office FX Thanks are given to Laura Bianco for MATLAB code; to Aaron Pina and Javier Lujan for sharing their enthusiasm and creativity; to Wayne Angevine for thought-provoking conversations; to Holger Voemel for providing guidance on water vapor pressure formulations (available at http://cires.colorado.edu/similar to voemel/vp.html); and to Ludovic Bariteau, Chris Fairall, Sergio Pezoa, Dave Welsh, and Dan Wolfe for helpful discussions about cruise instrumentation and data. We appreciate the questions and comments from Peggy LeMone and two anonymous reviewers, which led us to improve our analysis, thoughts, and presentation. The ISCCP D2 data were obtained online in June 2011 from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (http://isccp.giss.nasa.gov, maintained by the ISCCP research group at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies). Colors in figures are based on values from ColorBrewer.org. This work was supported by grants from NOAA's Climate Program Office to the NOAA/ESRL/Physical Sciences Division. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 53 IS 7 BP 1775 EP 1789 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0308.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AL0KY UT WOS:000338817000006 ER PT J AU Wang, CP Luo, ZJ Chen, XH Zeng, XP Tao, WK Huang, XL AF Wang, Chunpeng Luo, Zhengzhao Johnny Chen, Xiuhong Zeng, Xiping Tao, Wei-Kuo Huang, Xianglei TI A Physically Based Algorithm for Non-Blackbody Correction of Cloud-Top Temperature and Application to Convection Study SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; A-TRAIN; ICE; RETRIEVAL; MODIS; PRECIPITATION; MICROPHYSICS; SIMULATION; PRODUCTS; RADAR AB Cloud-top temperature (CTT) is an important parameter for convective clouds and is usually different from the 11-mu m brightness temperature due to non-blackbody effects. This paper presents an algorithm for estimating convective CTT by using simultaneous passive [Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)] and active [CloudSat + Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO)] measurements of clouds to correct for the non-blackbody effect. To do this, a weighting function of the MODIS 11-mu m band is explicitly calculated by feeding cloud hydrometer profiles from CloudSat and CALIPSO retrievals and temperature and humidity profiles based on ECMWF analyses into a radiation transfer model. Among 16 837 tropical deep convective clouds observed by CloudSat in 2008, the averaged effective emission level (EEL) of the 11-mu m channel is located at optical depth similar to 0.72, with a standard deviation of 0,3. The distance between the EEL and cloud-top height determined by CloudSat is shown to be related to a parameter called cloud-top fuzziness (CTF), defined as the vertical separation between -30 and 10 dBZ of CloudSat radar reflectivity. On the basis of thee findings a relationship is then developed between the CTF and the difference between MODIS 11-mu m brightness temperature and physical CTT, the latter being the non-blackbody correction of CTT. Correction of the non-blackbody effect of CTT is applied to analyze convective cloud-top buoyancy. With this correction, about 70% of the convective cores observed by CloudSat in the height range of 6-10 km have positive buoyancy near cloud top, meaning clouds are still growing vertically, although their final fate cannot be determined by snapshot observations. C1 [Wang, Chunpeng; Chen, Xiuhong; Huang, Xianglei] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Luo, Zhengzhao Johnny] CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Luo, Zhengzhao Johnny] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Zeng, Xiping; Tao, Wei-Kuo] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wang, CP (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, 2455 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM cpwang@umich.edu RI Huang, Xianglei/G-6127-2011; Chen, Xiuhong/P-4030-2014 OI Huang, Xianglei/0000-0002-7129-614X; FU NASA MAP project [NNX09AJ46G]; NASA CloudSat/CALIPSO Science Team [NNX10AM31G]; SEAC4RS Science Team [NNX12AC13G] FX The CloudSat data were obtained from the CloudSat Data Processing Center. The MODIS data were obtained from NASA Goddard DISC. The ECMWF interim data used in this study were obtained online (http://data.ecmwf.int/data/). We thank all three reviewers for their insightful and thorough comments, which greatly improved the clarity of the article. This research is supported by the NASA MAP project under Grant NNX09AJ46G awarded to the University of Michigan, the NASA CloudSat/CALIPSO Science Team under Grant NNX10AM31G, and the SEAC4RS Science Team under Grant NNX12AC13G, awarded to the City University of New York (CUNY). NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 53 IS 7 BP 1844 EP 1857 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0331.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AL0KY UT WOS:000338817000010 ER PT J AU Orecna, M De Paoli, SH Janouskova, O Tegegn, TZ Filipova, M Bonevich, JE Holada, K Simak, J AF Orecna, Martina De Paoli, Silvia H. Janouskova, Olga Tegegn, Tseday Z. Filipova, Marcela Bonevich, John E. Holada, Karel Simak, Jan TI Toxicity of carboxylated carbon nanotubes in endothelial cells is attenuated by stimulation of the autophagic flux with the release of nanomaterial in autophagic vesicles SO NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Carbon nanotubes; Autophagy; Bafilomycin A1; Exocytosis; Microvesicles ID IN-VITRO; UNCONVENTIONAL SECRETION; MEMBRANE MICROPARTICLES; BLOOD-PLATELETS; CALCIUM-ENTRY; BAFILOMYCIN; DISEASE; PROTEIN; CANCER; DEATH AB Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exhibit a number of unique properties that make them attractive for various nanomedicine applications including their intravascular use. Therefore, the vascular toxicity of CNTs is a critical safety concern and methods of CNTs toxicity modulation are of great interest. Here, we report that carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) induce a decrease in viability of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) associated with the profound accumulation of autophagosomes. This autophagosome accumulation was mTOR kinase independent and was caused by blockade of the autophagic flux rather than by activation of autophagy. Stimulation of the autophagic flux with 1 nmol/L bafilomycin A1 attenuated the cytotoxicity of carboxylated MWCNTs in HUVECs and was associated with the extracellular release of the nanomaterial in autophagic microvesicles. Thus, pharmacological stimulation of the autophagic flux may represent a new method of cytoprotection against toxic effects of nanomaterials. From the Clinical Editor: This study investigates the mechanisms of toxicity of multiwalled carbon nanutubes on human endothelial cells, concluding that pharmacological stimulation of autophagic flux may represent a new method of cytoprotection against the toxic effects of these nanomaterials. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Orecna, Martina; De Paoli, Silvia H.; Tegegn, Tseday Z.; Simak, Jan] US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Janouskova, Olga; Filipova, Marcela; Holada, Karel] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Inst Immunol & Microbiol, Prague, Czech Republic. [Janouskova, Olga] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Macromol Chem, Prague, Czech Republic. [Bonevich, John E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Simak, J (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM jan.simak@fda.hhs.gov RI Janouskova, Olga/H-4110-2014 OI Janouskova, Olga/0000-0002-1365-6274 FU Research Participation Program at the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of Czech Republic [LH12014]; Charles University in Prague [SVV260026, PRVOUK-P24/LF1/3, UNCE 204022] FX This project was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through and interagency agreement between the U. S. Department of Energy and the U. S. Food and Drug Administration. In addition, the study was supported in part by the Grant LH12014 from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of Czech Republic. M. F., K. H. and O.J. were supported by projects of Charles University in Prague: SVV260026, PRVOUK-P24/LF1/3 and UNCE 204022, respectively. NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1549-9634 EI 1549-9642 J9 NANOMED-NANOTECHNOL JI Nanomed.-Nanotechnol. Biol. Med. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 10 IS 5 BP 939 EP 948 DI 10.1016/j.nano.2014.02.001 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA AK9GS UT WOS:000338736200007 PM 24566271 ER PT J AU Ciannelli, L Hunsicker, M Beaudreau, A Bailey, K Crowder, LB Finley, C Webb, C Reynolds, J Sagmiller, K Anderies, JM Hawthorne, D Parrish, J Heppell, S Conway, F Chigbu, P AF Ciannelli, Lorenzo Hunsicker, Mary Beaudreau, Anne Bailey, Kevin Crowder, Larry B. Finley, Carmel Webb, Colleen Reynolds, John Sagmiller, Kay Anderies, John M. Hawthorne, David Parrish, Julia Heppell, Selina Conway, Flaxen Chigbu, Paulinus TI Transdisciplinary graduate education in marine resource science and management SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE experiential learning; graduate education; professional skills; transdisciplinary ID INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH; CONSERVATION BIOLOGISTS AB In this article we consider the current educational needs for science and policy in marine resource management, and we propose a way to address them. The existing literature on cross-disciplinary education in response to pressing environmental problems is vast, particularly in conservation biology. However, actual changes in doctoral-level marine science programs lag behind this literature considerably. This is in part because of concerns about the time investment in cross-disciplinary education and about the job prospects offered by such programs. There is also a more fundamental divide between educational programs that focus on knowledge generation and those that focus on professional development, which can reinforce the gap in communication between scientists and marine resource managers. Ultimately, transdisciplinary graduate education programs need not only to bridge the divide between disciplines, but also between types of knowledge. Our proposed curriculum aligns well with these needs because it does not sacrifice depth for breadth, and it emphasizes collaboration and communication among diverse groups of students, in addition to development of their individual knowledge and skills. C1 [Ciannelli, Lorenzo] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hunsicker, Mary] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Beaudreau, Anne] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Div Fisheries, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Bailey, Kevin] Man & Sea Inst LLC, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. [Crowder, Larry B.] Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Finley, Carmel] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Webb, Colleen] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Reynolds, John] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Earth Ocean Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Sagmiller, Kay] Oregon State Univ, Ctr Teaching & Learning, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Anderies, John M.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Human Evolut & Social Change, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Anderies, John M.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Hawthorne, David] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hawthorne, David] Univ Maryland, Natl Ctr Socioenvironm Synth, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Parrish, Julia] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Heppell, Selina] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Conway, Flaxen] Oregon State Univ, Sch Publ Policy, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Chigbu, Paulinus] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, NOAA, Living Marine Resources Cooperat Sci Ctr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Ciannelli, L (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM lciannel@coas.oregonstate.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) Science, Engineering and Education for Sustainability (SEES) Research Coordination Network [1140207] FX We acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Science, Engineering and Education for Sustainability (SEES) Research Coordination Network, Grant 1140207 "Sustainability of Marine Renewable Resources in Subarctic Systems Under Incumbent Environmental Variability and Human Exploitation". NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 44 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1047 EP 1051 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu067 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AK7TO UT WOS:000338630800003 ER PT J AU Kotwicki, S Ianelli, JN Punt, AE AF Kotwicki, Stan Ianelli, James N. Punt, Andre E. TI Correcting density-dependent effects in abundance estimates from bottom-trawl surveys SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acoustics; bottom-trawl survey; catchability; catching efficiency; density-dependence ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; EASTERN BERING-SEA; STOCK ASSESSMENT; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS; VARYING CATCHABILITY; DEMERSAL FISH; NORTHERN COD; FISHERIES; EFFICIENCY; SIMULATION AB Indices of abundance are important for estimating population trends in stock assessment and ideally should be based on fishery-independent surveys to avoid problems associated with the hyperstability of the commercial catch per unit effort (cpue) data. However, recent studies indicate that the efficiency of the survey bottom trawl (BT) for some species can be density-dependent, which could affect the reliability of survey-derived indices of abundance. A function q(e)similar to f(u), where q(e) is the BT efficiency and u the catch rate, was derived using experimentally derived acoustic dead-zone correction and BT efficiency parameters obtained from combining a subset of BT catch data with synchronously collected acoustic data from walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the eastern Bering Sea (EBS). We found that q(e) decreased with increasing BT catches resulting in hyperstability of the index of abundance derived from BT survey. Density-dependent q(e) resulted in spatially and temporarily variable bias in survey cpue and biased population age structure derived from survey data. We used the relationship q(e)similar to f(u) to correct the EBS trawl survey index of abundance for density-dependence. We also obtained a variance-covariance matrix for a new index that accounted for sampling variability and the uncertainty associated with the q(e). We found that incorporating estimates of the new index of abundance changed outputs from the walleye pollock stock assessment model. Although changes were minor, we advocate incorporating estimates of density-dependent q(e) into the walleye pollock stock assessment as a precautionary measure that should be undertaken to avoid negative consequences of the density-dependent q(e). C1 [Kotwicki, Stan; Ianelli, James N.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kotwicki, Stan; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Fishery & Aquat Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kotwicki, S (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM stan.kotwicki@noaa.gov FU BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project [118] FX Foremost, we would like to thank everyone who participated or helped with the organization of the eastern Bering Sea bottom-trawl surveys over the last 30 years. We also thank two anonymous reviewers and John Horne, Bob Lauth, Patrick Ressler, Chris Rooper, Dave Somerton, and Mike Wiggins for reviews and discussions that greatly improved the quality of this paper. This is BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication number 118 and NPRB publication number 455. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1107 EP 1116 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst208 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AK7TO UT WOS:000338630800009 ER PT J AU Thorson, JT AF Thorson, James T. TI Standardizing compositional data for stock assessment SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE age composition; composition-standardization models; Dirichlet-multinomial; integrated model; length composition likelihood weights; sampling intensity; stock assessment; strata ID EFFECTIVE SAMPLE-SIZE; ASSESSMENT MODELS; MULTINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION; LENGTH DATA; CATCH; FISHERY; AGE; HABITAT AB Stock assessment models frequently integrate abundance index and compositional (e.g. age, length, sex) data. Abundance indices are generally estimated using index standardization models, which provide estimates of index standard errors while accounting for: (i) differences in sampling intensity spatially or over time; (ii) non-independence of available data; and (iii) the effect of covariates. However, compositional data are not generally processed using a standardization model, so effective sample size is not routinely estimated and these three issues are unresolved. I therefore propose a computationally simple "normal approximation" method for standardizing compositional data and compare this with design-based and Dirichlet-multinomial (D-M) methods for analysing compositional data. Using simulated data from a population with multiple spatial strata, heterogeneity within strata, differences in sampling intensity, and additional overdispersion, I show that the normal-approximation method provided unbiased estimates of abundance-at-age and estimates of effective sample size that are consistent with the imprecision of these estimates. A conventional design-based method also produced unbiased age compositions estimates but no estimate of effective sample size. The D-M failed to account for known differences in sampling intensity (the proportion of catch for each fishing trip that is sampled for age) and hence provides biased estimates when sampling intensity is correlated with variation in abundance-at-age data. I end by discussing uses for "composition-standardization models" and propose that future research develop methods to impute compositional data in strata with missing data. C1 NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM james.thorson@noaa.gov RI Thorson, James/O-7937-2014 OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1117 EP 1128 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst224 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AK7TO UT WOS:000338630800010 ER PT J AU Link, JS Browman, HI AF Link, Jason S. Browman, Howard I. TI Integrating what? Levels of marine ecosystem-based assessment and management Introduction SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID FISHERIES STOCK ASSESSMENT; FRAMEWORK; RESOURCES C1 [Link, Jason S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Assistant Administrator, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Browman, Howard I.] Inst Marine Res, Austevoll Res Stn, Marine Ecosyst Acoust Grp, N-5392 Storebo, Norway. RP Link, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Assistant Administrator, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jason.link@noaa.gov RI Browman, Howard/B-4441-2009 OI Browman, Howard/0000-0002-6282-7316 NR 27 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 31 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1170 EP 1173 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu026 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AK7TO UT WOS:000338630800017 ER PT J AU Levin, PS Kelble, CR Shuford, RL Ainsworth, C deReynier, Y Dunsmore, R Fogarty, MJ Holsman, K Howell, EA Monaco, ME Oakes, SA Werner, F AF Levin, Phillip S. Kelble, Christopher R. Shuford, Rebecca L. Ainsworth, Cameron deReynier, Yvonne Dunsmore, Rikki Fogarty, Michael J. Holsman, Kirstin Howell, Evan A. Monaco, Mark E. Oakes, Stephanie A. Werner, Francisco TI Guidance for implementation of integrated ecosystem assessments: a US perspective SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ecosystem-based management; ecosystem indicator; ecosystem risk; IEA; integrated ecosystem assessment; management strategy evaluation ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; INDICATORS; FRAMEWORK; FISH AB Ecosystem-based management (EBM) has emerged as a basic approach for managing human activities in marine ecosystems, with the aim of recovering and conserving marine ecosystems and the services they deliver. Integrated ecosystem assessments (IEAs) further the transition of EBM from principle to practice by providing an efficient, transparent means of summarizing the status of ecosystem components, screening and prioritizing potential risks, and evaluating alternative management strategies against a backdrop of environmental variability. In this paper, we draw upon lessons learned from the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's IEA programme to outline steps required for IEA implementation. We provide an overview of the conceptual framework for IEAs, the practical constraints that shape the structure of individual IEAs, and the uses and outcomes of IEAs in support of EBM. C1 [Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kelble, Christopher R.] NOAA, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA. [Shuford, Rebecca L.; Oakes, Stephanie A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Ainsworth, Cameron] Univ S Florida, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [deReynier, Yvonne] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Reg Off, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Dunsmore, Rikki] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Marine Sanctuary Program, Monterey Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, Monterey, CA USA. [Fogarty, Michael J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Holsman, Kirstin] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Howell, Evan A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Monaco, Mark E.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal & Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Werner, Francisco] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Levin, PS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM phil.levin@noaa.gov RI Kelble, Christopher/A-8511-2008; OI Kelble, Christopher/0000-0003-0914-4134; Howell, Evan/0000-0001-9904-4633 NR 56 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 35 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1198 EP 1204 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst112 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AK7TO UT WOS:000338630800021 ER PT J AU Samhouri, JF Haupt, AJ Levin, PS Link, JS Shuford, R AF Samhouri, Jameal F. Haupt, Alison J. Levin, Phillip S. Link, Jason S. Shuford, Rebecca TI Lessons learned from developing integrated ecosystem assessments to inform marine ecosystem-based management in the USA SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ecosystem-based management; indicator; integrated ecosystem assessment; marine policy; risk; sustainable marine management and conservation ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS; OCEAN; CONSERVATION; SUPPORT; POLICY; SUSTAINABILITY; IMPLEMENTATION; THRESHOLDS; SERVICES AB Borne out of a collective movement towards ecosystem-based management (EBM), multispecies and multi-sector scientific assessments of the ocean are emerging around the world. In the USA, integrated ecosystem assessments (IEAs) were formally defined 5 years ago to serve as a scientific foundation for marine EBM. As outlined by the US National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration in 2008, an IEA is a cyclical process consisting of setting goals and targets, defining indicators, analysing status, trends, and risk, and evaluating alternative potential future management and environmental scenarios to enhance information needed for effective EBM. These steps should be hierarchical, iterative, non-prescriptive about technical implementation, and adaptable to existing information for any ecosystem. Despite these strengths and some initial successes, IEAs and EBM have yet to be fully realized in the USA. We propose eight tenets that can be adopted by scientists, policy-makers, and managers to enhance the use of IEAs in implementing EBM. These tenets include (i) engage with stakeholders, managers, and policy-makers early, often, and continually; (ii) conduct rigorous human dimensions research; (iii) recognize the importance of transparently selecting indicators; (iv) set ecosystem targets to create a system of EBM accountability; (v) establish a formal mechanism(s) for the review of IEA science; (vi) serve current management needs, but not at the expense of more integrative ocean management; (vii) provide a venue for EBM decision-making that takes full advantage of IEA products; and (viii) embrace realistic expectations about IEA science and its implementation. These tenets are framed in a way that builds on domestic and international experiences with ocean management. With patience, persistence, political will, funding, and augmented capacity, IEAs will provide a general approach for allowing progressive science to lead conventional ocean management to new waters. C1 [Samhouri, Jameal F.; Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Haupt, Alison J.] NOAA, West Coast Governors Alliance, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Link, Jason S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Shuford, Rebecca] NOAA, Marine Ecosyst Div, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Samhouri, JF (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jameal.samhouri@noaa.gov NR 100 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 6 U2 50 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1205 EP 1215 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst141 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AK7TO UT WOS:000338630800022 ER PT J AU Miller, CW Belyea, DD Kirby, BJ AF Miller, Casey W. Belyea, Dustin D. Kirby, Brian J. TI Magnetocaloric effect in nanoscale thin films and heterostructures SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Review ID HEAT-CAPACITY MEASUREMENTS; HIGH MAGNETIC-FIELDS; CRITICAL EXPONENTS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; REFRIGERATION; BEHAVIOR; GD; MICROCALORIMETER; NANOMAGNETISM AB This review focuses on the magnetocaloric effect with special attention to nanoscale thin films and heterostructures. The authors outline the general phenomenon of the magnetocaloric effect and discuss how using materials in reduced dimensions can impact this emerging area. The authors note works of significance to date and highlight general features emanating from the community. They provide important details related to sample fabrication, relevant metrology, and discuss advanced data analyses, all of which are done in a tutorial fashion. Finally, the authors provide an outlook for the application of nanoscience to magnetocalorics. (C) 2014 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Miller, Casey W.; Belyea, Dustin D.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Kirby, Brian J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Miller, CW (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM millercw@usf.edu FU NSF-CAREER; Air Force Office of Scientific Research through the Young Investigator Program; National Science Foundation through the CAREER Program; NIST Center for Neutron Research FX The work at USF on the magnetocaloric effect in nanoscale materials has received generous support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through the Young Investigator Program, the National Science Foundation through the CAREER Program, and has taken advantage of critical national user facilities, including the Center for Nanoscale Materials at Argonne National Laboratory, and the NIST Center for Neutron Research. This manuscript was written solely with the support of NSF-CAREER. NR 122 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 51 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 EI 1520-8559 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL PY 2014 VL 32 IS 4 AR 040802 DI 10.1116/1.4882858 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA AK8ZX UT WOS:000338718400004 ER PT J AU Sobolewski, MA Ridgeway, RG Bitner, MD Sinatore, D Hurley, PT AF Sobolewski, Mark A. Ridgeway, Robert G. Bitner, Mark D. Sinatore, Dino Hurley, Patrick T. TI Power coupling and utilization efficiencies of silicon-depositing plasmas in mixtures of H-2, SiH4, Si2H6, and Si3H8 SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; ELECTRON-IMPACT; MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICON; RADIOFREQUENCY DISCHARGES; DISSOCIATIVE ATTACHMENT; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; SPATIAL UNIFORMITY; FILM DEPOSITION; SILANE PLASMA; NEGATIVE-IONS AB Adding Si2H6 or Si3H8 additives to SiH4/H-2 discharges increases the growth rates for thin films of microcrystalline and amorphous silicon, but the reasons for this increase are not well understood. To better distinguish the chemical and physical from electrical effects of these additives, a comprehensive electrical study was performed for mixtures of H-2, SiH4, Si2H6, and Si3H8. The power coupling efficiency, power utilization efficiency, voltage, current, impedance, and phase were measured as a function of total pressure, electrode gap, gas mixture, rf power, and time. The measurements identified a regime of pressure and gap in which the electrical behavior is optimized. In this regime, the power coupling efficiency is quite high and insensitive to gas mixture, and the power utilization efficiency also does not vary dramatically with mixture. Therefore, in this regime, chemical or physical effects of additives on growth rates predominate over electrical effects. Impedance models of the plasma and sheaths provide explanations for the optimized regime and its correlation with impedance phase. In addition, electrical signals were identified that can be used to detect a transient in the gas-phase density of silicon-containing molecules during deposition as well as other transient phenomena. The signals show promise for use in process monitoring and control. (C) 2014 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Sobolewski, Mark A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ridgeway, Robert G.; Bitner, Mark D.; Sinatore, Dino; Hurley, Patrick T.] Air Prod & Chem Inc, Allentown, PA 18195 USA. RP Sobolewski, MA (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mark.sobolewski@nist.gov NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 EI 1520-8559 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL PY 2014 VL 32 IS 4 AR 041307 DI 10.1116/1.4885368 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA AK8ZX UT WOS:000338718400011 ER PT J AU Lee, YJ Vega, SL Patel, PJ Aamer, KA Moghe, PV Cicerone, MT AF Lee, Young Jong Vega, Sebastian L. Patel, Parth J. Aamer, Khaled A. Moghe, Prabhas V. Cicerone, Marcus T. TI Quantitative, Label-Free Characterization of Stem Cell Differentiation at the Single-Cell Level by Broadband Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy SO TISSUE ENGINEERING PART C-METHODS LA English DT Article ID CARS MICROSCOPY; IN-VITRO; SPECTROSCOPY; MAINTENANCE; DERIVATIVES; EXPANSION; STATE; BONE AB We use broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (BCARS) microscopy to characterize lineage commitment of individual human mesenchymal stem cells cultured in adipogenic, osteogenic, and basal culture media. We treat hyperspectral images obtained by BCARS in two independent ways, obtaining robust metrics for differentiation. In one approach, pixel counts corresponding to functional markers, lipids, and minerals, are used to classify individual cells as belonging to one of the three lineage groups: adipocytes, osteoblasts, and undifferentiated stem cells. In the second approach, we use multivariate analysis of Raman spectra averaged exclusively over cytosol regions of individual cells to classify the cells into the same three groups, with consistent results. The exceptionally high speed of spectral imaging with BCARS allows us to chemically map a large number of cells with high spatial resolution, revealing not only the phenotype of individual cells, but also population heterogeneity in the degree of phenotype commitment. C1 [Lee, Young Jong; Aamer, Khaled A.; Cicerone, Marcus T.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vega, Sebastian L.; Moghe, Prabhas V.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Patel, Parth J.; Moghe, Prabhas V.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Piscataway, NJ USA. RP Cicerone, MT (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr MS 8543, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cicerone@nist.gov RI Lee, Young Jong/B-7129-2008 OI Lee, Young Jong/0000-0001-7754-3001 FU National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) [P41EB001046] FX The project described was supported by Award Number P41EB001046 from the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIBIB or the National Institutes of Health. This work is an official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and is not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 45 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1937-3384 EI 1937-3392 J9 TISSUE ENG PART C-ME JI Tissue Eng. Part C-Methods PD JUL PY 2014 VL 20 IS 7 BP 562 EP 569 DI 10.1089/ten.tec.2013.0472 PG 8 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA AL1YH UT WOS:000338922000004 PM 24224876 ER PT J AU Yang, XY Neta, P Stein, SE AF Yang, Xiaoyu Neta, Pedatsur Stein, Stephen E. TI Quality Control for Building Libraries from Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectra SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PEPTIDE IDENTIFICATION; CHEMICAL NOISE; LC-MS; SPECTROMETRY; DATABASE; PROTEOMICS; RESOURCES AB Electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography is a routine technique for identifying and quantifying compounds in complex mixtures. The identification step can be aided by matching acquired tandem mass spectra (MS2) against reference library spectra as is routine for electron ionization (EI) spectra from gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). However, unlike the latter spectra, ESI MS2 spectra are likely to originate from various precursor ions for a given target molecule and may be acquired at varying energies and resolutions and have characteristic noise signatures, requiring processing methods very different from El to obtain complete and high quality reference spectra for individual analytes. This paper presents procedures developed for creating a tandem mass spectral library that addresses these factors. Library building begins by acquiring MS2 spectra for all major MS1 peaks in an infusion run, followed by assigning MS2 spectra to clusters and creating a consensus spectrum for each. Intensity-based constraints for cluster membership were developed, as well as peak testing to recognize and eliminate suspect peaks and reduce noise. Consensus spectra were then examined by a human evaluator using a number of criteria, including a fraction of annotated peaks and consistency of spectra for a given ion at different energies. These methods have been developed and used to build a library from >9000 compounds, yielding 230,000 spectra. C1 [Yang, Xiaoyu; Neta, Pedatsur; Stein, Stephen E.] NIST, Mass Spectrometry Data Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yang, XY (reprint author), NIST, Mass Spectrometry Data Ctr, Mail Stop 8362, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xiaoyu.yang@nist.gov NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 13 BP 6393 EP 6400 DI 10.1021/ac500711m PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AK5TH UT WOS:000338488800033 PM 24896981 ER PT J AU Wang, WG AF Wang, Weiguo TI Analytically Modelling Mean Wind and Stress Profiles in Canopies (vol 15, pg 239, 2014) SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 NOAA, IMSG NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Wang, WG (reprint author), NOAA, IMSG NCEP, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM wang_wg@yahoo.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 EI 1573-1472 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 152 IS 1 BP 125 EP 125 DI 10.1007/s10546-014-9932-4 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AK1TP UT WOS:000338199600007 ER PT J AU Lu, E Cai, WY Jiang, ZH Zhang, Q Zhang, CJ Higgins, RW Halpert, MS AF Lu, Er Cai, Wenyue Jiang, Zhihong Zhang, Qiang Zhang, Cunjie Higgins, R. Wayne Halpert, Michael S. TI The day-to-day monitoring of the 2011 severe drought in China SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Drought monitoring; Day-to-day monitoring; Short timescale; At daily scale; The WAP index ID STANDARDIZED PRECIPITATION INDEX; UNITED-STATES; SENSITIVITY AB Dry/wet condition has a large interannual variability. Decision-makers need to know the onset, duration, and intensity of drought, and require droughts be monitored at a daily to weekly scale. However, previous tools cannot monitor drought well at this short timescale. The Palmer Drought Severity Index has been found dissatisfactory in monitoring because of its complexity and numerous limitations. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) always asks for a timescale, and precipitation is averaged over the period of the scale. Because of this, the SPI cannot be used for short scales, e.g., several days, and what it tells is the overall drought situation of the period. The weighted average of precipitation (WAP) developed by Lu (Geophys Res Lett 36:L12707, 2009) overcomes the deficiency of the SPI; it does not require a timescale, and can provide the drought (and flood) extent of each day. Therefore, the WAP can monitor drought at scales from daily to weekly, monthly, and any longer scale, and is really "flexible and versatile for all timescales". In this study, the standardized WAP (SWAP) is used to monitor the 2011 drought over China. Drought swept the country during the year from north to south and from east to west. In spring, a once-in-a-fifty-year drought occurred over the Yangtze River basin and the southern region, causing serious shortage of drinking water for people and livestock, as well as tremendous losses in agriculture and the shipping industry. Results show that the SWAP, with its monthly mean plots, can well reproduce the seasonal shift of the 2011 drought across the country. The animation of daily plots demonstrates that the SWAP would have been able to monitor the day-to-day variation of the spring drought around the Yangtze River basin. It can provide the details of the drought, such as when the drought emerged over the region, how long it maintained there (though drought area may move back and forth with extension and contraction of the area), and when the drought relieved over the basin. C1 [Lu, Er; Jiang, Zhihong] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Lu, Er; Higgins, R. Wayne; Halpert, Michael S.] NOAA Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Cai, Wenyue; Zhang, Qiang; Zhang, Cunjie] Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Lu, E (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM elu@nuist.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41275092, 41230528]; National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB955301]; NOAA Climate Prediction Center; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD) FX This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 41275092 and 41230528), the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB955301), the NOAA Climate Prediction Center, and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD). The daily precipitation data used were provided by the National Meteorological Center of China. The three anonymous reviewers are thanked for their constructive comments that improved the manuscript. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1987-2 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AK3PS UT WOS:000338337700001 ER PT J AU Sandeep, S Stordal, F Sardeshmukh, PD Compo, GP AF Sandeep, S. Stordal, Frode Sardeshmukh, Prashant D. Compo, Gilbert P. TI Pacific Walker Circulation variability in coupled and uncoupled climate models SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Pacific Walker Circulation; Hydrological cycle; ENSO ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; OCEAN TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL PACIFIC; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; IN-SITU; 20TH-CENTURY; ICE; SIMULATIONS; SATELLITE AB There is still considerable uncertainty concerning twentieth century trends in the Pacific Walker Circulation (PWC). In this paper, observational datasets, coupled (CMIP5) and uncoupled (AGCM) model simulations, and additional numerical sensitivity experiments are analyzed to investigate twentieth century changes in the PWC and their physical mechanisms. The PWC weakens over the century in the CMIP5 simulations, but strengthens in the AGCM simulations and also in the observational twentieth century reanalysis (20CR) dataset. It is argued that the weakening in the CMIP5 simulations is not a consequence of a reduced global convective mass flux expected from simple considerations of the global hydrological response to global warming, but is rather due to a weakening of the zonal equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) gradient. Further clarification is provided by additional uncoupled atmospheric general circulation model simulations in which the ENSO-unrelated and ENSO-related portions of the observed SST changes are prescribed as lower boundary conditions. Both sets of SST forcing fields have a global warming trend, and both sets of simulations produce a weakening of the global convective mass flux. However, consistent with the strong role of the zonal SST gradient, the PWC strengthens in the simulations with the ENSO-unrelated SST forcing, which has a strengthening zonal SST gradient, despite the weakening of the global convective mass flux. Overall, our results suggest that the PWC strengthened during twentieth century global warming, but also that this strengthening was partly masked by a weakening trend associated with ENSO-related PWC variability. C1 [Sandeep, S.; Stordal, Frode] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Sect Meteorol & Oceanog, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. [Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.; Compo, Gilbert P.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.; Compo, Gilbert P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Sandeep, S (reprint author), New York Univ Abu Dhabi, Ctr Prototype Climate Modeling, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. EM sandeep.sukumaran@geo.uio.no OI COMPO, GILBERT/0000-0001-5199-9633; Stordal, Frode/0000-0002-5190-6473; Sandeep, Sukumaran/0000-0002-8213-8331 FU Research Council of Norway [190159/V10]; Norwegian national supercomputing (NOTUR) resource of Hexagon [nn2345k]; Norwegian national supercomputing (NOTUR) resource of Norstore [ns2806k]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (DOE INCITE) program; Office of Science (BER); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office; NOAA Climate Program Office FX S. S. and F. S. acknowledge the financial support of the Research Council of Norway through the funding of the project SoCOCA (190159/V10). The Norwegian national supercomputing (NOTUR) resources of Hexagon (Project nn2345k) and Norstore (Project ns2806k) were extensively used in this work. The twentieth century reanalysis Project used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center managed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and of the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which are supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725, respectively. Support for the twentieth century reanalysis Project dataset is provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (DOE INCITE) program, and Office of Science (BER), and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office. The research of P. D. S. and G. P. C was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U. S. Department of Energy and by the NOAA Climate Program Office. The CMIP5 coupled model simulations were obtained from Program for Climate Modeling Inter-comparison (PCMDI), which is a part of World Climate Research Program, and we thank each modeling group for providing their data. The authors thank J. Hurrell of NCAR for help in understanding differences in SST datasets. For providing their SST data, we thank the Hadley Centre, N. Rayner, and BADC for HadISST, NOAA/NCDC and T. Smith for ERSST, and the JMA and M. Ishii for COBE. NR 52 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 103 EP 117 DI 10.1007/s00382-014-2135-3 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AK3PS UT WOS:000338337700007 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Jha, B Wang, H AF Kumar, Arun Jha, Bhaskar Wang, Hui TI Attribution of SST variability in global oceans and the role of ENSO SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL INDIAN-OCEAN; EL-NINO; ATMOSPHERIC BRIDGE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; FORCED VARIABILITY; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; PACIFIC AB Based on a novel design of coupled model simulations where sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the equatorial tropical Pacific was constrained to follow the observed El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability, while rest of the global oceans were free to evolve, the ENSO response in SSTs over the other ocean basins was analyzed. Conceptually the experimental setup was similar to discerning the contribution of ENSO variability to interannual variations in atmospheric anomalies. A unique feature of the analysis was that it was not constrained by a priori assumptions on the nature of the teleconnected response in SSTs. The analysis demonstrated that the time lag between ENSO SST and SSTs in other ocean basins was about 6 months. A signal-to-noise analysis indicated that between 25 and 50 % of monthly mean SST variance over certain ocean basins can be attributed to SST variability over the equatorial tropical Pacific. The experimental setup provides a basis for (a) attribution of SST variability in global oceans to ENSO variability, (b) a method for separating the ENSO influence in SST variations, and (c) understanding the contribution from other external factors responsible for variations in SSTs, for example, changes in atmospheric composition, volcanic aerosols, etc. C1 [Kumar, Arun; Jha, Bhaskar; Wang, Hui] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, NCWCP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Jha, Bhaskar; Wang, Hui] WYLE, Sci Technol & Engn Grp, Houston, TX USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, NCWCP, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM arun.kumar@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 209 EP 220 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1865-y PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AK3PS UT WOS:000338337700014 ER PT J AU Zhang, LP Wang, CZ Lee, SK AF Zhang, Liping Wang, Chunzai Lee, Sang-Ki TI Potential role of Atlantic Warm Pool-induced freshwater forcing in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: ocean-sea ice model simulations SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Warm Pool; Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation; Freshwater forcing ID THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CLIMATE RESPONSE; MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATION; HURRICANE ACTIVITY; TROPICAL PACIFIC; DEEP CONVECTION; VARIABILITY; HEMISPHERE; FLUX AB Recent studies have indicated that the multidecadal variations of the Atlantic Warm Pool (AWP) can induce a significant freshwater change in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean. In this paper, the potential effect of the AWP-induced freshwater flux on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is studied by performing a series of ocean-sea ice model experiments. Our model experiments demonstrate that ocean response to the anomalous AWP-induced freshwater flux is primarily dominated by the basin-scale gyre circulation adjustments with a time scale of about two decades. The positive (negative) freshwater anomaly leads to an anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulation overlapping the subtropical gyre. This strengthens (weakens) the Gulf Stream and the recirculation in the interior ocean, thus increases warm (cold) water advection to the north and decreases cold (warm) water advection to the south, producing an upper ocean temperature dipole in the midlatitude. As the freshwater (salty water) is advected to the North Atlantic deep convection region, the AMOC and its associated northward heat transport gradually decreases (increases), which in turn lead to an inter-hemispheric SST seesaw. In the equilibrium state, a comma-shaped SST anomaly pattern develops in the extratropical region, with the largest amplitude over the subpolar region and an extension along the east side of the basin and into the subtropical North Atlantic. Based on our model experiments, we argue that the multidecadal AWP-induced freshwater flux can affect the AMOC, which plays a negative feedback role that acts to recover the AMOC after it is weakened or strengthened. The sensitivity of AMOC response to the AWP-induced freshwater forcing amplitude is also examined and discussed. C1 [Zhang, Liping; Lee, Sang-Ki] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33132 USA. [Wang, Chunzai; Lee, Sang-Ki] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Zhang, LP (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33132 USA. EM ocean.climate.ping@gmail.com RI Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) FX This work was supported by grants from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office and the base funding of NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. NR 62 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 553 EP 574 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-2034-z PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AK3PS UT WOS:000338337700036 ER PT J AU Greenough, L Menin, JF Desai, NS Kelman, Z Gardner, AF AF Greenough, Lucia Menin, Julie F. Desai, Nirav S. Kelman, Zvi Gardner, Andrew F. TI Characterization of Family D DNA polymerase from Thermococcus sp 9A degrees N SO EXTREMOPHILES LA English DT Article DE Analytical biochemistry; Archaea; DNA enzymes; DNA polymerase; DNA replication; Family D DNA polymerase; Thermococcus; Replisome; Fidelity ID CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGENS; HYPERTHERMOPHILIC ARCHAEON; PYROCOCCUS-HORIKOSHII; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EXONUCLEASE ACTIVITY; SUBUNIT INTERACTION; TERMINAL DOMAINS; IN-VITRO; REPLICATION; FIDELITY AB Accurate DNA replication is essential for maintenance of every genome. All archaeal genomes except Crenarchaea, encode for a member of Family B (polB) and Family D (polD) DNA polymerases. Gene deletion studies in Thermococcus kodakaraensis and Methanococcus maripaludis show that polD is the only essential DNA polymerase in these organisms. Thus, polD may be the primary replicative DNA polymerase for both leading and lagging strand synthesis. To understand this unique archaeal enzyme, we report the biochemical characterization of a heterodimeric polD from Thermococcus. PolD contains both DNA polymerase and proofreading 3'aEuro"5' exonuclease activities to ensure efficient and accurate genome duplication. The polD incorporation fidelity was determined for the first time. Despite containing 3'aEuro"5' exonuclease proofreading activity, polD has a relatively high error rate (95 x 10(-5)) compared to polB (19 x 10(-5)) and at least 10-fold higher than the polB DNA polymerases from yeast (pol epsilon and pol delta) or Escherichia coli DNA polIII holoenzyme. The implications of polD fidelity and biochemical properties in leading and lagging strand synthesis are discussed. C1 [Greenough, Lucia; Menin, Julie F.; Desai, Nirav S.; Gardner, Andrew F.] New England Biolabs Inc, Ipswich, MA 01938 USA. [Kelman, Zvi] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, NIST, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Gardner, AF (reprint author), New England Biolabs Inc, 240 Cty Rd, Ipswich, MA 01938 USA. EM gardner@neb.com NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1431-0651 EI 1433-4909 J9 EXTREMOPHILES JI Extremophiles PD JUL PY 2014 VL 18 IS 4 BP 653 EP 664 DI 10.1007/s00792-014-0646-9 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA AK3AO UT WOS:000338294500003 PM 24794034 ER PT J AU Martin, KE Brunello, G Adamiak, MG Antonova, G Begovic, M Benmouyal, G Bui, PD Falk, H Gharpure, V Goldstein, A Hu, Y Huntley, C Kase, T Kezunovic, M Kulshrestha, A Lu, Y Midence, R Murphy, J Patel, M Rahmatian, F Skendzic, V Vandiver, B Zahid, A AF Martin, K. E. Brunello, G. Adamiak, M. G. Antonova, G. Begovic, M. Benmouyal, G. Bui, P. D. Falk, H. Gharpure, V. Goldstein, A. Hu, Y. Huntley, C. Kase, T. Kezunovic, M. Kulshrestha, A. Lu, Y. Midence, R. Murphy, J. Patel, M. Rahmatian, F. Skendzic, V. Vandiver, B. Zahid, A. TI An Overview of the IEEE Standard C37.118.2-Synchrophasor Data Transfer for Power Systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID LA English DT Article DE Data concentrator; DC; PDC; phasor data concentrator; phasor measurement unit; PMU; synchronized phasor; synchrophasor AB Synchrophasor Standards have evolved since the introduction of the first one, IEEE Standard 1344, in 1995. IEEE Standard C37.118-2005 introduced measurement accuracy under steady state conditions as well as interference rejection. In 2009, the IEEE started a joint project with IEC to harmonize real time communications in IEEE Standard C37.118-2005 with the IEC 61850 communication standard. These efforts led to the need to split the C37.118 into 2 different standards: IEEE Standard C37.118.1-2011 that now includes performance of synchrophasors under dynamic systems conditions; and IEEE Standard C37.118.2-2011 Synchrophasor Data Transfer for Power Systems, the object of this paper. C1 [Martin, K. E.] Phasor Measurement Syst, Portland, OR 97213 USA. [Brunello, G.] Gen Elect, Power Management, Markham, ON L6E 1B3, Canada. [Adamiak, M. G.] Gen Elect, North Bergen, NJ 07047 USA. [Antonova, G.] ABB, Vancouver, BC V5J 5J2, Canada. [Begovic, M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Benmouyal, G.] Schweitzer Engn Labs, Longueuil, PQ J4N 1A8, Canada. [Bui, P. D.] Hydro Quebec, Montreal, PQ H2Z 1A4, Canada. [Falk, H.] SISCO Inc, Detroit, MI 48126 USA. [Gharpure, V.; Hu, Y.] Quanta Technol, Raleigh, NC 27529 USA. [Goldstein, A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Huntley, C.] Schweitzer Engn Labs, Vancouver, BC V6B 3Y6, Canada. [Kase, T.] Toshiba, Tokyo 1058001, Japan. [Kezunovic, M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Kulshrestha, A.] Qualitrol LLC, Mckinney, TX 75070 USA. [Lu, Y.] EPRI, Charlotte, NC 28262 USA. [Midence, R.] ERL Phase, Toronto, ON M4B 1B4, Canada. [Murphy, J.] Macrodyne Inc, Clifton Park, NY 12065 USA. [Patel, M.] EPRI, Greensburg, PA 15601 USA. [Rahmatian, F.] Quanta Technol, W Vancouver, BC V7V 3G6, Canada. [Skendzic, V.] SEL Schweitzer Engn Labs, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. [Vandiver, B.] Omicron, Houston, TX 77054 USA. [Zahid, A.] Hydro One, Toronto, ON M5G 2P5, Canada. RP Martin, KE (reprint author), Phasor Measurement Syst, Portland, OR 97213 USA. EM kemartin@ieee.org NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1949-3053 J9 IEEE T SMART GRID JI IEEE Trans. Smart Grid PD JUL PY 2014 VL 5 IS 4 BP 1980 EP 1984 DI 10.1109/TSG.2014.2302016 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AK1QS UT WOS:000338191200044 ER PT J AU Dienstfrey, A Phelan, FR Christensen, S Strachan, A Santosa, F Boisvert, R AF Dienstfrey, Andrew Phelan, Frederick R., Jr. Christensen, Stephen Strachan, Alejandro Santosa, Fadil Boisvert, Ronald TI Uncertainty Quantification in Materials Modeling SO JOM LA English DT Article C1 [Dienstfrey, Andrew; Boisvert, Ronald] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Phelan, Frederick R., Jr.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Christensen, Stephen] Boeing, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. [Strachan, Alejandro] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Santosa, Fadil] Univ Minnesota, Inst Math & its Applicat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Dienstfrey, A (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.dienstfrey@nist.gov OI Boisvert, Ronald/0000-0002-4445-1044 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 EI 1543-1851 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JUL PY 2014 VL 66 IS 7 BP 1342 EP 1344 DI 10.1007/s11837-014-1049-1 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA AK6KI UT WOS:000338536100029 ER PT J AU Rae, A Stosch, R Klapetek, P Walker, ARH Roy, D AF Rae, Alasdair Stosch, Rainer Klapetek, Petr Walker, Angela R. Hight Roy, Debdulal TI State of the art Raman techniques for biological applications SO METHODS LA English DT Article DE Raman spectroscopy; Quantification; Nonlinear optics; Biomedical ID FIELD OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; TISSUE IN-VIVO; SCATTERING MICROSCOPY; SINGLE-MOLECULE; BREAST-CANCER; QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION; INTERNAL STANDARD; LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-SENSITIVITY; DRUG-DELIVERY AB Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the elucidation of qualitative and quantitative information from biological systems and has huge potential in areas such as biotechnologies, drug discovery, agro-chemical research and clinical diagnostics. This report summarises the principal Raman techniques applied to biomedical systems and discusses the challenges that exist to the wide spread adoption of Raman spectroscopy. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rae, Alasdair; Roy, Debdulal] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Stosch, Rainer] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Klapetek, Petr] Czech Metrol Inst, Brno 63800, Czech Republic. [Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Roy, D (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Hampton Rd, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. EM debdulal.roy@npl.co.uk RI Roy, Deb/C-8164-2017; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Roy, Deb/0000-0002-7528-8649; Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 FU European Metrology Programme (EMRP) FX The authors, A.R., R.S., P.K. and D.R., acknowledge financial support from the European Metrology Programme (EMRP). NR 111 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 44 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-2023 EI 1095-9130 J9 METHODS JI Methods PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 68 IS 2 BP 338 EP 347 DI 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.02.035 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AK1NB UT WOS:000338180700009 PM 24662479 ER PT J AU Xiao, DJ Bloch, ED Mason, JA Queen, WL Hudson, MR Planas, N Borycz, J Dzubak, AL Verma, P Lee, K Bonino, F Crocella, V Yano, J Bordiga, S Truhlar, DG Gagliardi, L Brown, CM Long, JR AF Xiao, Dianne J. Bloch, Eric D. Mason, Jarad A. Queen, Wendy L. Hudson, Matthew R. Planas, Nora Borycz, Joshua Dzubak, Allison L. Verma, Pragya Lee, Kyuho Bonino, Francesca Crocella, Valentina Yano, Junko Bordiga, Silvia Truhlar, Donald G. Gagliardi, Laura Brown, Craig M. Long, Jeffrey R. TI Oxidation of ethane to ethanol by N2O in a metal-organic framework with coordinatively unsaturated iron(II) sites SO NATURE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID 2ND-ORDER PERTURBATION-THEORY; SPIN OXOIRON(IV) COMPLEX; NITROUS-OXIDE; DIOXYGEN ACTIVATION; DINITROGEN OXIDE; ACTIVE-SITES; ENZYMES; OXO; REACTIVITY; BINDING AB Enzymatic haem and non-haem high-valent iron-oxo species are known to activate strong C-H bonds, yet duplicating this reactivity in a synthetic system remains a formidable challenge. Although instability of the terminal iron-oxo moiety is perhaps the foremost obstacle, steric and electronic factors also limit the activity of previously reported mononuclear iron(IV)-oxo compounds. In particular, although nature's non-haem iron(IV)-oxo compounds possess high-spin S = 2 ground states, this electronic configuration has proved difficult to achieve in a molecular species. These challenges may be mitigated within metal-organic frameworks that feature site-isolated iron centres in a constrained, weak-field ligand environment. Here, we show that the metal-organic framework Fe-2(dobdc) (dobdc(4-) = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) and its magnesium-diluted analogue, Fe0.1Mg1.9(dobdc), are able to activate the C-H bonds of ethane and convert it into ethanol and acetaldehyde using nitrous oxide as the terminal oxidant. Electronic structure calculations indicate that the active oxidant is likely to be a high-spin S = 2 iron(IV)-oxo species. C1 [Xiao, Dianne J.; Bloch, Eric D.; Mason, Jarad A.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Queen, Wendy L.; Lee, Kyuho] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hudson, Matthew R.; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Planas, Nora; Borycz, Joshua; Dzubak, Allison L.; Verma, Pragya; Truhlar, Donald G.; Gagliardi, Laura] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Chem Theory Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Planas, Nora; Borycz, Joshua; Dzubak, Allison L.; Verma, Pragya; Truhlar, Donald G.; Gagliardi, Laura] Univ Minnesota, Inst Supercomp, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Bonino, Francesca; Crocella, Valentina; Bordiga, Silvia] Univ Turin, Dept Chem, NIS Ctr, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Bonino, Francesca; Crocella, Valentina; Bordiga, Silvia] Univ Turin, INSTM Reference Ctr, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Yano, Junko] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xiao, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jrlong@berkeley.edu RI Bordiga, Silvia/M-3875-2014; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Truhlar, Donald/G-7076-2015; Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014; Crocella, Valentina/E-5203-2016; Bonino, Francesca/G-8234-2016 OI Bordiga, Silvia/0000-0003-2371-4156; Queen, Wendy/0000-0002-8375-2341; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Truhlar, Donald/0000-0002-7742-7294; Crocella, Valentina/0000-0002-3606-8424; Bonino, Francesca/0000-0002-6822-6685 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences [DE-FG02-12ER16362]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory; US DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Ateneo Project [2011 ORTO11RRT5] FX Synthesis, basic characterization experiments and all of the theoretical work were supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences under award DE-FG02-12ER16362. Reactivity studies were supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under US Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Work at the Molecular Foundry, and XAS experiments performed at the Advanced Light Source (BL 10.3.2), Berkeley, were supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. X-ray diffraction experiments were performed at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory (17-BM-B). Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the US DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. S. B., F. B. and V. C. acknowledge financial support from the Ateneo Project 2011 ORTO11RRT5. We also thank the National Science Foundation for providing graduate fellowship support (D. J. X. and J. A. M.). In addition, we are grateful for the support of E. D. B. through a Gerald K. Branch fellowship in chemistry, P. V. through a Phillips 66 Excellence Fellowship and M. R. H. through the National Institute of Standards and Technology/National Research Council Fellowship Program. We thank S. Chavan for help with the infrared spectroscopy experiments and fruitful discussion. NR 50 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 20 U2 168 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1755-4330 EI 1755-4349 J9 NAT CHEM JI Nat. Chem. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 6 IS 7 BP 590 EP 595 DI 10.1038/NCHEM.1956 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AK5DM UT WOS:000338444600010 PM 24950328 ER PT J AU Clark, JB Glasser, RT Glorieux, Q Vogl, U Li, T Jones, KM Lett, PD AF Clark, Jeremy B. Glasser, Ryan T. Glorieux, Quentin Vogl, Ulrich Li, Tian Jones, Kevin M. Lett, Paul D. TI Quantum mutual information of an entangled state propagating through a fast-light medium SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID IMAGES; SPEED; NOISE AB It is widely accepted that information cannot travel faster than c, the speed of light in vacuum(1-3). Here, we investigate the behaviour of quantum correlations and information in the presence of dispersion. To do so we send one half of an entangled state of light through a gain-assisted slow-or fast-light medium and detect the transmitted quantum correlations and quantum mutual information(4-6). We show that quantum correlations can be advanced by a small fraction of the correlation time, even in the presence of noise added by phase-insensitive gain. Additionally, although the peak of the quantum mutual information between the modes can be advanced, we find that the degradation of the mutual information due to added noise appears to prevent an advancement of the leading edge. In contrast, we demonstrate a significant delay of both the leading and trailing edges of the mutual information in a slow-light system. C1 [Clark, Jeremy B.; Glasser, Ryan T.; Glorieux, Quentin; Li, Tian; Lett, Paul D.] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clark, Jeremy B.; Glasser, Ryan T.; Glorieux, Quentin; Li, Tian; Lett, Paul D.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clark, Jeremy B.; Glasser, Ryan T.; Glorieux, Quentin; Li, Tian; Lett, Paul D.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Glorieux, Quentin] Univ Paris 06, Ecole Normale Super, Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Glorieux, Quentin] UPMC, CNRS, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Vogl, Ulrich] Max Planck Inst Sci Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Jones, Kevin M.] Williams Coll, Dept Phys, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. RP Lett, PD (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paul.lett@nist.gov RI Vogl, Ulrich/G-4624-2014; Glorieux, Quentin/K-4875-2012 OI Vogl, Ulrich/0000-0003-2399-2797; Glorieux, Quentin/0000-0003-0903-0233 FU Physics Frontiers Center at the Joint Quantum Institute; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Marie Curie IOF FP7 Program [Multimem-300632]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST; National Science Foundation FX This research was supported by the Physics Frontiers Center at the Joint Quantum Institute and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Q. G. performed this work with the support of the Marie Curie IOF FP7 Program (Multimem-300632), while U. V. was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and R. T. G. was supported by a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST. J.B.C. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD JUL PY 2014 VL 8 IS 7 BP 515 EP 519 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2014.112 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA AK1YT UT WOS:000338216000007 ER PT J AU Benko, C Allison, TK Cingoz, A Hua, LQ Labaye, F Yost, DC Ye, J AF Benko, Craig Allison, Thomas K. Cingoez, Arman Hua, Linqiang Labaye, Francois Yost, Dylan C. Ye, Jun TI Extreme ultraviolet radiation with coherence time greater than 1 s SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-HARMONIC-GENERATION; FREE-ELECTRON LASER; FREQUENCY-COMB; OPTICAL CAVITY; AVERAGE-POWER; X-RAYS; SPECTROSCOPY; PULSES; OPERATION AB Many atomic and molecular systems of fundamental interest possess resonance frequencies in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) where laser technology is limited and radiation sources have traditionally lacked long-term phase coherence. Recent breakthroughs in XUV frequency comb technology have demonstrated spectroscopy with unprecedented resolution at the megahertz level, but even higher resolutions are desired for future applications in precision measurement. By characterizing heterodyne beats between two XUV comb sources, we demonstrate the capability for sub-hertz spectral resolution. This corresponds to coherence times >1 s at photon energies up to 20 eV, more than six orders of magnitude longer than previously reported. This work establishes the ability of creating highly phase-stable radiation in the XUV with performance rivalling that of visible light. Furthermore, by direct sampling of the phase of the XUV light originating from high-harmonic generation, we demonstrate precise measurements of attosecond strong-field physics. C1 [Benko, Craig; Allison, Thomas K.; Cingoez, Arman; Hua, Linqiang; Labaye, Francois; Yost, Dylan C.; Ye, Jun] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Benko, Craig; Allison, Thomas K.; Cingoez, Arman; Hua, Linqiang; Labaye, Francois; Yost, Dylan C.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Allison, Thomas K.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Allison, Thomas K.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Hua, Linqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Inst Phys & Math, State Key Lab Magnet Resonance & Atom & Mol Phys, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. RP Benko, C (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM craig.benko@colorado.edu; ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Benko, Craig/L-2678-2015 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation Physics Frontier Center at JILA FX The authors acknowledge technical contributions and collaboration from A. Ruehl, I. Hartl and M. E. Fermann. This work was supported by National Institute of Standards and Technology, Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the National Science Foundation Physics Frontier Center at JILA. NR 50 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 46 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD JUL PY 2014 VL 8 IS 7 BP 530 EP 536 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2014.132 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA AK1YT UT WOS:000338216000010 ER PT J AU Whitehouse, GA Aydin, K Essington, TE Hunt, GL AF Whitehouse, G. Andy Aydin, Kerim Essington, Timothy E. Hunt, George L., Jr. TI A trophic mass balance model of the eastern Chukchi Sea with comparisons to other high-latitude systems SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arctic cod; Boreogadus saida; Chukchi Sea; Ecopath; Comparative approach; Trophic structure ID NORTHERN BERING-SEA; WESTERN ARCTIC-OCEAN; COD BOREOGADUS-SAIDA; SOUTHEASTERN HUDSON-BAY; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; POLAR BEAR PREDATION; ICE-COVERED WATERS; PELAGIC FOOD WEBS; URSUS-MARITIMUS; ORGANIC-MATTER AB The Chukchi Sea is a seasonally ice-covered, marginal Arctic-shelf sea that possesses both large petroleum reserves and abundant biological communities, including migratory mammals and seabirds. We developed a mass balance food web model for the eastern Chukchi Sea to evaluate the trophic structure of this ecosystem and to compare food web properties of the Chukchi Sea to those of other high-latitude marine ecosystems. We compiled data on biomass levels, diet composition, demographic rates (production, consumption), and fishery removals, and used these data to construct an Ecopath trophic mass balance model. The majority of biomass was concentrated in benthic invertebrates and most of the mass flow above trophic level 2.0 was through these groups. We found that density estimates of most fish groups derived from trawl survey data using area-swept methods were insufficient to match the consumptive demands of predators, and that densities needed to be several-fold greater to meet modeled demand. We also used a set of system metrics derived from a common modeling framework to highlight differences in ecosystem structure between the eastern Chukchi Sea and other high-latitude systems. The extent of benthic dominance observed in the eastern Chukchi Sea was unique among the systems examined, both in terms of food web structure and associated mass flows between benthic and pelagic components. In relation to total biomass density, the eastern Chukchi Sea had low production when compared with the other systems, and this lower turnover rate suggests that recovery from disturbance might be slow. C1 [Whitehouse, G. Andy; Essington, Timothy E.; Hunt, George L., Jr.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Whitehouse, G. Andy; Aydin, Kerim] NOAA Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Whitehouse, G. Andy] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Whitehouse, GA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM gaw@uw.edu OI Hunt, George/0000-0001-8709-2697; Whitehouse, George/0000-0002-9130-9403 FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center's Resource Ecology and Ecosystem Modeling (REEM) Program; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148, 2101] FX Funding for this project was provided by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center's Resource Ecology and Ecosystem Modeling (REEM) Program. This work was improved by the insightful comments and suggestions of P. Boveng, J. Clarke, L. Eisner, M. Ferguson, N. Friday, S. Kotwicki, K. Laidre, M. Martin, B. Norcross, S. Moore, K. Rand, E. Regehr, R. Suydam, and K. Weinberg. Thank you to B. Lauth and the REEM Food Habits Laboratory for supplying data. Thanks also to A. Grieg, G. Lang, G. Mundell and N. Roberson for additional database support. S. Gaichas and I. Ortiz provided invaluable assistance with modeling and graphics. We are grateful to M. Ferguson, L. Logerwell, and two anonymous reviewers who provided valuable comments and criticisms on earlier versions of this paper. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. This publication is [partially] funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA10OAR4320148, Contribution No. 2101. NR 253 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 56 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 37 IS 7 BP 911 EP 939 DI 10.1007/s00300-014-1490-1 PG 29 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK2VS UT WOS:000338278300002 ER PT J AU Pulido, R Baker, SJ Barata, JT Carracedo, A Cid, VJ Chin-Sang, ID Dave, V den Hertog, J Devreotes, P Eickholt, BJ Eng, C Furnari, FB Georgescu, MM Gericke, A Hopkins, B Jiang, XJ Lee, SR Losche, M Malaney, P Matias-Guiu, X Molina, M Pandolfi, PP Parsons, R Pinton, P Rivas, C Rocha, RM Rodriguez, MS Ross, AH Serrano, M Stambolic, V Stiles, B Suzuki, A Tan, SS Tonks, NK Trotman, LC Wolff, N Woscholski, R Wu, H Leslie, NR AF Pulido, Rafael Baker, Suzanne J. Barata, Joao T. Carracedo, Arkaitz Cid, Victor J. Chin-Sang, Ian D. Dave, Vrushank den Hertog, Jeroen Devreotes, Peter Eickholt, Britta J. Eng, Charis Furnari, Frank B. Georgescu, Maria-Magdalena Gericke, Arne Hopkins, Benjamin Jiang, Xeujun Lee, Seung-Rock Loesche, Mathias Malaney, Prerna Matias-Guiu, Xavier Molina, Maria Pandolfi, Pier Paolo Parsons, Ramon Pinton, Paolo Rivas, Carmen Rocha, Rafael M. Rodriguez, Manuel S. Ross, Alonzo H. Serrano, Manuel Stambolic, Vuk Stiles, Bangyan Suzuki, Akira Tan, Seong-Seng Tonks, Nicholas K. Trotman, Lloyd C. Wolff, Nicolas Woscholski, Rudiger Wu, Hong Leslie, Nicholas R. TI A Unified Nomenclature and Amino Acid Numbering for Human PTEN SO SCIENCE SIGNALING LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR FUNCTION; PHOSPHATASE-ACTIVITY; GENE; PTEN/MMAC1; MUTATIONS; CANCER; LOCALIZATION; ASSOCIATION; GROWTH AB The tumor suppressor PTEN is a major brake for cell transformation, mainly due to its phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P-3] phosphatase activity that directly counteracts the oncogenicity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTEN mutations are frequent in tumors and in the germ line of patients with tumor predisposition or with neurological or cognitive disorders, which makes the PTEN gene and protein a major focus of interest in current biomedical research. After almost two decades of intense investigation on the 403-residue-long PTEN protein, a previously uncharacterized form of PTEN has been discovered that contains 173 amino-terminal extra amino acids, as a result of an alternate translation initiation site. To facilitate research in the field and to avoid ambiguities in the naming and identification of PTEN amino acids from publications and databases, we propose here a unifying nomenclature and amino acid numbering for this longer form of PTEN. C1 [Pulido, Rafael; Carracedo, Arkaitz] Ikerbasque, Basque Fdn Sci, Bilbao, Spain. [Pulido, Rafael] BioCruces Hlth Res Inst, Baracaldo, Spain. [Baker, Suzanne J.] St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Dev Neurobiol, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Barata, Joao T.] Univ Lisbon, Fac Med, Inst Mol Med, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. [Carracedo, Arkaitz] CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Spain. [Carracedo, Arkaitz] Univ Basque Country UPV EHU, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Bilbao, Spain. [Cid, Victor J.; Molina, Maria] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Farm, Inst Ramon & Cajal Invest Sanitarias IRY CIS, Dept Microbiol 2, Madrid, Spain. [Chin-Sang, Ian D.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Dave, Vrushank; Malaney, Prerna] Univ S Florida, Morsani Coll Med, H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Dept Pathol & Cell Biol,Dept Mol Oncol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [den Hertog, Jeroen] Hubrecht Inst KNAW, Utrecht, Netherlands. [den Hertog, Jeroen] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [den Hertog, Jeroen] Inst Biol, Leiden, Netherlands. [Devreotes, Peter] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Eickholt, Britta J.] Charite, Inst Biochem, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. [Eickholt, Britta J.] Charite, Cluster Excellence NeuroCure, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. [Eng, Charis] Cleveland Clin, Genom Med Inst, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Eng, Charis] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet & Genome Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Eng, Charis] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, CASE Comprehens Canc Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Furnari, Frank B.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ludwig Inst Canc Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Georgescu, Maria-Magdalena] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. [Gericke, Arne] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Chem & Biochem, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. [Hopkins, Benjamin; Parsons, Ramon] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Oncol Sci, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Jiang, Xeujun] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Cell Biol Program, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Lee, Seung-Rock] Chonnam Natl Univ, Sch Med,Dept Biomed Sci, Res Inst Med Sci,Res Ctr Aging & Geriatr, Ctr Creat Biomed Scientists,Dept Biochem, Kwangju, South Korea. [Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Loesche, Mathias] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Matias-Guiu, Xavier] Hosp Arnau Vilanova, Dept Pathol & Mol Genet, Oncol Pathol Grp, Lleida, Spain. [Matias-Guiu, Xavier] Univ Lleida, Biomed Res Inst Lleida IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain. [Pandolfi, Pier Paolo] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Med, Canc Res Inst,Beth Israel Deaconess Canc Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Pinton, Paolo] Univ Ferrara, Lab Technol Adv Therapies LTTA, Dept Morphol Surg & Expt Med, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Rivas, Carmen] CSIC, Ctr Nacl Biotecnol, Dept Biol Mol & Celular, Madrid, Spain. [Rivas, Carmen] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Inst Invest Sanitarias IDIS, CIMUS, Ctr Invest Med Mol & Enfermedades Cron, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Rocha, Rafael M.] Hosp AC Camargo Fund Antonio Prudente, Antonio Prudente Fdn, Res Ctr, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Rocha, Rafael M.] Hosp AC Camargo Fund Antonio Prudente, Dept Anat Pathol, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Rodriguez, Manuel S.] Inbiomed, San Sebastian, Spain. [Ross, Alonzo H.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Biochem, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. [Serrano, Manuel] Spanish Natl Canc Res Ctr CNIO, Madrid, Spain. [Stambolic, Vuk] Univ Toronto, Univ Hlth Network, Princess Margaret Canc Ctr, Dept Med Biophys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Stiles, Bangyan] Univ So Calif, USC Sch Pharm, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Suzuki, Akira] Akita Univ, Grad Sch Med, Global Ctr Excellence Program, Akita 010, Japan. [Tan, Seong-Seng] Univ Melbourne, Florey Neurosci Inst, Brain Dev & Regenerat Div, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [Tonks, Nicholas K.; Trotman, Lloyd C.] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Wolff, Nicolas] Inst Pasteur, CNRS, Dept Biol Struct & Chim, Unite Resonance Magenet Nucl Biomol, Paris, France. [Woscholski, Rudiger] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AY, England. [Woscholski, Rudiger] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Inst Chem Biol, London, England. [Wu, Hong] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Wu, Hong] Peking Univ, Sch Life Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Wu, Hong] Peking Univ, Peking Tsinghua Ctr Life Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Leslie, Nicholas R.] Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Inst Biol Chem Biophys & Bioengn, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Pulido, R (reprint author), Ikerbasque, Basque Fdn Sci, Bilbao, Spain. EM rpulidomurillo@gmail.com RI Barata, Joao/D-9181-2015; Serrano, Manuel/H-2634-2015; Carracedo, Arkaitz/F-7029-2011; JIMENEZ CID, VICTOR/I-1240-2015; Losche, Mathias/J-2986-2013; matias-guiu, xavier/C-3039-2009; Molina, Maria/F-7939-2015; Pinton, Paolo/J-8025-2012; OI Barata, Joao/0000-0002-4826-8976; Serrano, Manuel/0000-0001-7177-9312; Carracedo, Arkaitz/0000-0001-5957-1260; Rivas, Carmen/0000-0002-0518-7199; JIMENEZ CID, VICTOR/0000-0002-3933-2016; Losche, Mathias/0000-0001-6666-916X; matias-guiu, xavier/0000-0002-7201-6605; Molina, Maria/0000-0003-0074-3309; Pinton, Paolo/0000-0001-7108-6508; LESLIE, Nicholas/0000-0001-5131-0541 FU Medical Research Council [G0802289, G0801865]; NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA053840, R01 CA154986]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM034933, R01 GM055989] NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1945-0877 EI 1937-9145 J9 SCI SIGNAL JI Sci. Signal. PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 7 IS 332 AR pe15 DI 10.1126/scisignal.2005560 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA AK6BF UT WOS:000338511700001 PM 24985344 ER PT J AU Lew, HS Bao, YH Pujol, S Sozen, MA AF Lew, H. S. Bao, Yihai Pujol, Santiago Sozen, Mete A. TI Experimental Study of Reinforced Concrete Assemblies under Column Removal Scenario SO ACI STRUCTURAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE buildings; catenary action; concrete structures; disproportionate collapse; full-scale tests; joint-rotation capacity; progressive collapse ID PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE AB This paper presents an experimental study of two full-scale reinforced concrete (RC) beam-column assemblies under a column removal scenario. The assemblies represent part of the exterior moment-resisting frames of two 10-story RC frame buildings: one designed for Seismic Design Category C (SDC C), and the other for SDC D. Intermediate moment frames (IMFs) and special moment frames (SMFs) are integrated in the SDC C and SDC D designs, respectively. The assemblies were subjected to monotonically increasing vertical displacement of the center column. With increased vertical displacement, three stages of load-carrying mechanism are clearly seen. The test results show that the ultimate loads under the column removal scenario are primarily resisted through the development of catenary action. The tensile force increase is limited by the fracture strength of the tensile reinforcement of the beams. The beam-end rotational capacities under monotonic column displacement are seven to eight times as large as the acceptance criterion in ASCE/SEI 41-06, which are based on seismic test data. C1 [Lew, H. S.; Bao, Yihai] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pujol, Santiago; Sozen, Mete A.] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Lew, HS (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 15 PU AMER CONCRETE INST PI FARMINGTON HILLS PA 38800 COUNTRY CLUB DR, FARMINGTON HILLS, MI 48331 USA SN 0889-3241 EI 1944-7361 J9 ACI STRUCT J JI ACI Struct. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 111 IS 4 BP 881 EP 892 PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA AJ8AX UT WOS:000337925800015 ER PT J AU West, JE Helser, TE O'Neill, SM AF West, James E. Helser, Thomas E. O'Neill, Sandra M. TI Variation in quillback rockfish (Sebastes maliger) growth patterns from oceanic to inland waters of the Salish Sea SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; LENGTH-AT-AGE; ATLANTIC COD; MATERNAL TRANSFER; COPPER ROCKFISH; MARINE FISHES; S-MALIGER; CONTAMINANTS; POPULATIONS; CAURINUS AB Identifying and quantifying spatial patterns in demographics and life-history characteristics is important for the management of temperate marine fishes. Quillback rockfish, Sebastes maliger (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880), is a long-lived scorpaeniform inhabiting the oceanographically complex marine and inland coastal waters of Washington and British Columbia, collectively known as the Salish Sea. We compared patterns of growth variation in quillback rockfish from four regions across the Salish Sea, representing oceanographically distinct inland marine water bodies. We fit the von Bertalanffy growth model to length-at-age data from Juan de Fuca Strait, Strait of Georgia, Admiralty Inlet, and Puget Sound, and tested for differences in growth parameter estimates. The largest asymptotic size occurred in quillback rockfish nearest to oceanic waters (Juan de Fuca Strait) followed by significantly smaller asymptotic sizes moving inland. Inland rockfish also reached their asymptotic size at an earlier age than oceanic individuals, suggesting a gradient of growth types from oceanic to inland marine waters. The growth patterns in quillback rockfish reported here may have been mediated by any or all of a number of environmental (or other) conditions that varied widely across the four regions studied, including water properties (temperature and salinity), habitat quality, fishery exploitation, and pollution. C1 [West, James E.; O'Neill, Sandra M.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Marine Resources Div, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Helser, Thomas E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP West, JE (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Marine Resources Div, 600 Capitol Way N, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM james.west@dfw.wa.gov FU Washington State, Puget Sound Ecosystem Monitoring Program FX We thank S Rosenfield for age-reading all otoliths used in this study. G Lippert, S Quinnell, J Beam, K Hoeman, and the crew of the FV CHASINA provided invaluable assistance collecting the fish. This manuscript benefitted from thoughtful reviews by T Tsou and W Palsson, and three anonymous referees. Funding for this study was provided by Washington State in support of its Puget Sound Ecosystem Monitoring Program. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 19 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 90 IS 3 BP 747 EP 761 DI 10.5343/bms.2013.1044 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AJ9CG UT WOS:000338003800001 ER PT J AU Szakal, C Tsytsikova, L Carlander, D Duncan, TV AF Szakal, Christopher Tsytsikova, Lyubov Carlander, David Duncan, Timothy V. TI Measurement Methods for the Oral Uptake of Engineered Nanomaterials from Human Dietary Sources: Summary and Outlook SO COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Review DE characterization; detection; food safety; measurement methods; nanomaterials; nanotechnology; nanotoxicology ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; FOOD; NANOPARTICLES; SILVER; ENVIRONMENT; IONIZATION; CHALLENGES; MICROSCOPY; CELLS AB This article is one of a series of 4 that report on a task of the NanoRelease Food Additive (NRFA) project of the International. Life Science Institute Center for Risk Science Innovation and Application. The project aims are to identify, evaluate, and develop methods that are needed to confidently detect, characterize, and quantify intentionally produced engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) released from food along the alimentary tract. This particular article offers an overview of the NRFA project, describing the project scope and goals, as well as the strategy by which the task group sought to achieve these goals. A condensed description of the general challenge of detecting ENMs in foods and a brief review of available and emerging methods for ENM detection is provided here, paying particular attention to the kind of information that might be desired from an analysis and the strengths and weaknesses of the various approaches that might be used to attain this information. The article concludes with an executive summary of the task group's broad findings related to the 3 topic areas, which are covered in more detail in 3 subsequent articles in this series. The end result is a thorough evaluation of the state of ENM measurement science specifically as it applies to oral uptake of ENMs from human dietary sources. C1 [Szakal, Christopher] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tsytsikova, Lyubov] ILSI Res Fdn, Ctr Risk Sci Innovat & Applicat, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Carlander, David] Nanotechnol Ind Assoc, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Duncan, Timothy V.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Bedford Pk, IL 60516 USA. RP Duncan, TV (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, 6502 South Archer Rd, Bedford Pk, IL 60516 USA. EM timothy.duncan@fda.hhs.gov RI Geracitano, Laura/E-6926-2013 FU Pew Charitable Trusts; US Food and Drug Administration, Health Canada, ILSI North America; Coca-Cola Company; Illinois Inst. of Technology's Inst. for Food Safety and Health; ILSI Research Foundation; USDA Natl. Research Initiative Agriculture and Food Research Initiative; US Environmental Protection Agency; Natl. Science Foundation FX The authors of this report are grateful to the following individuals for their expert input and support for this effort (alphabetically listed): Maurizio Avella, Joe Hotchkiss, Anil Patri, Ruud Peters, Jonathan Powell, Vicki Stone, Scott Thurmond, Jim Waldman, Stefan Weigel, and Jun Jie Yin. Experts were convened and initial framing concepts were developed for this article by the NanoRelease Food Additive Steering Committee (http://www.ilsi.org/ResearchFoundation/RSIA/Pages/FoodAdditiveSteeringC ommittee.aspx and http://www.ilsi.org/ResearchFoundation/RSIA/Pages/NRFA_TaskGroup1.aspx), which operates as an independent public-private partnership. Project management and editing support were provided to the NanoRelease project experts by Richard Canady, Christina West, Molly Bloom, and Elyse Lee of the Center for Risk Science Innovation and Application, ILSI Research Foundation. This phase of the project was funded by the Pew Charitable Trusts, the US Food and Drug Administration, Health Canada, ILSI North America, the Coca-Cola Company, the Illinois Inst. of Technology's Inst. for Food Safety and Health, and the ILSI Research Foundation. Substantial in-kind support was provided by the Nanotechnology Industries Assoc. Furthermore, this material is partly based upon work supported by the USDA Natl. Research Initiative Agriculture and Food Research Initiative, the US Environmental Protection Agency, and the Natl. Science Foundation. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1541-4337 J9 COMPR REV FOOD SCI F JI Compr. Rev. Food. Sci. Food Saf. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 13 IS 4 BP 669 EP 678 DI 10.1111/1541-4337.12080 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA AJ9LH UT WOS:000338031400017 ER PT J AU Zhu, X Minnett, PJ Berkelmans, R Hendee, J Manfrino, C AF Zhu, X. Minnett, P. J. Berkelmans, R. Hendee, J. Manfrino, C. TI Diurnal warming in shallow coastal seas: Observations from the Caribbean and Great Barrier Reef regions SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Diurnal warming; Sea surface temperature; Coastal ocean; Upper ocean and mixed layer processes ID LEE-STOCKING-ISLAND; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CORAL-REEF; EVENTS; LAYER; CIRCULATION; SATELLITE; BAHAMAS AB A good understanding of diurnal warming in the upper ocean is important for the validation of satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) against in-situ buoy data and for merging satellite SSTs taken at different times of the same day. For shallow coastal regions, better understanding of diurnal heating could also help improve monitoring and prediction of ecosystem health, such as coral reef bleaching. Compared to its open ocean counterpart which has been studied extensively and modeled with good success, coastal diurnal warming has complicating localized characteristics, including coastline geometry, bathymetry, water types, tidal and wave mixing. Our goal is to characterize coastal diurnal warming using two extensive in-situ temperature and weather datasets from the Caribbean and Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia. Results showed clear daily warming patterns in most stations from both datasets. For the three Caribbean stations where solar radiation is the main cause of daily warming, the mean diurnal warming amplitudes were about 0.4 K at depths of 4-7 m and 0.6-0.7 K at shallower depths of 1-2 m; the largest warming value was 2.1 K. For coral top temperatures of the GBR, 20% of days had warming amplitudes > 1 K, with the largest > 4 K. The bottom warming at shallower sites has higher daily maximum temperatures and lower daily minimum temperatures than deeper sites nearby. The averaged daily warming amplitudes were shown to be closely related to daily average wind speed and maximum insolation, as found in the open ocean. Diurnal heating also depends on local features including water depth, location on different sections of the reef (reef flat vs. reef slope), the relative distance from the barrier reef chain (coast vs. lagoon stations vs. inner barrier reef sites vs. outer rim sites); and the proximity to the tidal inlets. In addition, the influence of tides on daily temperature changes and its relative importance compared to solar radiation was quantified by calculating the ratio of power spectrum densities at the principal lunar semidiurnal M2 tide versus 24-hour cycle frequency representing mainly solar radiation forcing, i.e., (PSDM2/PSD24). Despite the fact that GBR stations are generally located at regions with large tidal changes, the tidal effects were modest: 80% of stations showed value of (PSDM2/PSD24) of less than 10%. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhu, X.; Minnett, P. J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hendee, J.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Manfrino, C.] Cent Caribbean Marine Inst, Princeton, NJ USA. [Berkelmans, R.] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. RP Zhu, X (reprint author), 5830 Univ Res Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM xiaofang.zhu@rsmas.miami.edu RI Hendee, James/E-6358-2010; OI Hendee, James/0000-0002-4799-5354; Manfrino, Carrie/0000-0002-3129-9629 FU NASA Physical Oceanography Program [NNX08AH99G, NNX13AE30G] FX This study was funded through the NASA Physical Oceanography Program (NNX08AH99G and NNX13AE30G). We thank Mike Jankulak, Miguel Angel Izaguirre, Rob Hedges and Wessley B. Merten for the instrument maintenance and additional temperature loggers' installation efforts at the Caribbean locations. We also would like to thank Richard Brinkman and William Skirving for the knowledge of GBR reef hydrodynamics and interaction with coral physiology. Lewis Gramer, Andy Harris, Jonanthan Mittaz and Xingming Liang provided many suggestions on the data analysis methodology. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 82 BP 85 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2014.03.002 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AJ7DU UT WOS:000337858200008 ER PT J AU Gadipelli, S Travis, W Zhou, W Guo, ZX AF Gadipelli, Srinivas Travis, Will Zhou, Wei Guo, Zhengxiao TI A thermally derived and optimized structure from ZIF-8 with giant enhancement in CO2 uptake SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; ZEOLITIC IMIDAZOLATE FRAMEWORK-8; HIERARCHICALLY POROUS CARBON; HIGH-SURFACE-AREA; HIGH-PRESSURE; POSTSYNTHETIC MODIFICATION; DIRECT CARBONIZATION; REACTIVE ADSORPTION; NANOPOROUS CARBONS; FTIR SPECTROSCOPY AB We report a new, simple and versatile method to obtain highly active MOF structures by carefully controlled post-synthesis thermal annealing. The active ZIF-8 structure shows highly enhanced CO2/N-2 selectivity and a stable cyclic CO2 uptake of >= 1.5mmol g(-1) at 1 bar and 25 degrees C with a heat of adsorption of >= 30 kJ mol(-1), which is over 100% greater than approximate to 0.7 mmol g(-1) and approximate to 17 kJ mol(-1), respectively of ZIF-8. C1 [Gadipelli, Srinivas; Travis, Will; Guo, Zhengxiao] UCL, Dept Chem, London WC1H 0AJ, England. [Zhou, Wei] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gadipelli, S (reprint author), UCL, Dept Chem, 20 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AJ, England. EM gsrinivasphys@gmail.com; z.x.guo@ucl.ac.uk RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Gadipelli, Srinivas/A-8622-2010; Guo, Zheng Xiao/C-1706-2009 OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Gadipelli, Srinivas/0000-0002-1362-6905; Guo, Zheng Xiao/0000-0001-5404-3215 NR 73 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 18 U2 129 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 EI 1754-5706 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 7 IS 7 BP 2232 EP 2238 DI 10.1039/c4ee01009d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AJ8SL UT WOS:000337977600012 ER PT J AU Okoro, C Levine, LE Xu, RQ Hummler, K Obeng, YS AF Okoro, Chukwudi Levine, Lyle E. Xu, Ruqing Hummler, Klaus Obeng, Yaw S. TI Nondestructive Measurement of the Residual Stresses in Copper Through-Silicon Vias Using Synchrotron-Based Microbeam X-Ray Diffraction SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Interconnect; keep-out-zone (KOZ); stress measurement; synchrotron; three-dimensional integrated circuits (3DIC); through-silicon via (TSV); X-ray diffraction ID FAILURE ANALYSIS; CU-TSV; DEFORMATION AB In this paper, we report a new method for achieving depth resolved determination of the full stress tensor in buried Cu through-silicon vias (TSVs), using a synchrotron-based X-ray microdiffraction technique. Two adjacent Cu TSVs were analyzed; one capped with SiO2 (0.17 mu m) and the other without. The uncapped Cu TSV was found to have higher stresses with an average hydrostatic stress value of 145 +/- 37 MPa, as compared with the capped Cu TSV, which had a value of 89 +/- 28 MPa. Finite element-based parametric analyses of the effect of cap thickness on TSV stress were also performed. The differences in the stresses in the adjacent Cu TSVs were attributed to their microstructural differences and not to the presence of a cap layer. Based on the experimentally determined stresses, the stresses in the surrounding Si for both Cu TSVs were calculated and the FinFET keep-out-zone (KOZ) from the Cu TSV was estimated. The FinFET KOZ is influenced by the microstructural variations in their neighboring Cu TSVs, thus, it should be accounted for in KOZ design rules. C1 [Okoro, Chukwudi; Obeng, Yaw S.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Levine, Lyle E.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Ruqing] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hummler, Klaus] SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Okoro, C (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chukwudi.okoro@nist.gov; lyle.levine@nist.gov; ruqingxu@anl.gov; klaus.hummler@sematech.org; yaw.obeng@nist.gov RI Xu, Ruqing/K-3586-2012 OI Xu, Ruqing/0000-0003-1037-0059 FU U.S Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The XOR/UNI facilities on Sector 34 at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) is supported by the U.S Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor R. Venkatasubramanian. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JUL PY 2014 VL 61 IS 7 BP 2473 EP 2479 DI 10.1109/TED.2014.2321736 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA AJ9JY UT WOS:000338027200036 ER PT J AU Shrestha, PR Cheung, KP Campbell, JP Ryan, JT Baumgart, H AF Shrestha, Pragya R. Cheung, Kin P. Campbell, Jason Paul Ryan, Jason T. Baumgart, Helmut TI Accurate Fast Capacitance Measurements for Reliable Device Characterization SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Capacitance measurements; device reliability; fast CV; MOSFET; transient measurement ID DIELECTRIC STACKS; BURIED OXIDES; C-V; CHARGE AB The performance and reliability of highly scaled devices are becoming increasingly dominated by transient phenomena. Recently, fast capacitances versus voltage (CV) measurements have been gaining attention as a promising measurement tool to characterize the transient phenomena. However, fast CV has mainly been limited to monitoring stress-induced deviations in accumulation capacitance due, at least in part, to the inability to accurately measure the full CV. In this paper, we identify and mitigate the measurement considerations required to obtain a remarkably accurate correspondence between a complete fast CV measurement, from accumulation to inversion, and a conventional CV measurement on the same device. The results indicate that fast CV can be a potentially powerful tool for device characterization and reliability measurements. C1 [Shrestha, Pragya R.; Cheung, Kin P.; Campbell, Jason Paul; Ryan, Jason T.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Shrestha, Pragya R.; Baumgart, Helmut] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Baumgart, Helmut] Appl Res Ctr, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Shrestha, PR (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shrestha@nist.gov; kin.cheung@nist.gov; jason.campbell@nist.gov; jason.ryan@nist.gov; hbaumgar@odu.edu NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JUL PY 2014 VL 61 IS 7 BP 2509 EP 2514 DI 10.1109/TED.2014.2325674 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA AJ9JY UT WOS:000338027200041 ER EF