FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Ianelli, JN Stram, DL AF Ianelli, James N. Stram, Diana L. TI Estimating impacts of the pollock fishery bycatch on western Alaska Chinook salmon SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Fishery Dependent Information Conference CY MAR 02-06, 2014 CL Rome, ITALY DE adult equivalent; bycatch; Chinook salmon; pollock fishery; western Alaska ID PATTERNS; MODEL AB Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) are taken as bycatch in the Bering Sea pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) fishery, with recently revised management measures in place to limit the overall Chinook salmon catch. Historical impact of the bycatch on regional salmon stocks is made difficult because, until recently, sampling for the stock composition of the bycatch was patchy and diverse in approaches. In this study, extensive observer data on the biological attributes (size and age composition) of the bycatch were used to estimate the impact on specific regional stock groups (RSGs), as defined given available genetic stock identification estimates. Our model provides estimates of the impact on Chinook salmon RSGs, given seasonal and spatial variability in the bycatch, and accounts for observed in-river age compositions, uncertainty in age-specific oceanic natural mortality of Chinook salmon, and between-year variability in genetic information. The upper Yukon River stock is transboundary and subject to heightened management interest and international management agreements on escapement goals. Our study updates results from an earlier analysis used to develop the management regulations that went into place in 2011. It shows that the new data result in slight changes in previous estimates, and that the lower overall Chinook salmon bycatch since 2008 has resulted in lower impacts to the main western Alaskan RSGs. C1 [Ianelli, James N.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Stram, Diana L.] North Pacific Fishery Management Council, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. RP Ianelli, JN (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jim.ianelli@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 72 IS 4 BP 1159 EP 1172 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu173 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CK4ZW UT WOS:000356232900004 ER PT J AU Stram, DL Ianelli, JN AF Stram, Diana L. Ianelli, James N. TI Evaluating the efficacy of salmon bycatch measures using fishery-dependent data SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Fishery Dependent Information Conference CY MAR 02-06, 2014 CL Rome, ITALY DE Alaska pollock; bycatch; Chinook salmon; fishery management; incentives ID POLLOCK FISHERY; CHINOOK SALMON; ALASKA AB The walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) fishery in the Bering Sea is one of the largest fisheries in the world. The North Pacific Fishery Management Council (NPFMC) provides management advice for this fishery, including the development of measures to minimize salmon bycatch to the extent practicable, one of the stated objectives of the US Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act National Standard Guidelines. Salmon have a unique cultural and nutritional importance in the State of Alaska and are the subject of fully allocated mixed commercial, recreational, and subsistence fisheries. Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) stocks in Alaska have been declining for the last decade, and all sources of mortality are being considered to help in rebuilding stocks. Given the extensive scientific National Marine Fisheries Service observer data collection programme, the NPFMC has developed bycatch management measures that place limits by fishery sector on the allowable catch of Chinook salmon. Part of this programme includes industry-proposed incentive programmes designed to encourage lower bycatch. Evaluating the efficacy of the new measures poses a number of challenges, particularly in light of changing ocean conditions (perhaps affecting the degree of overlap between pollock and salmon). In this study, data on pre- and post-programme implementation were evaluated to determine if the programme is meeting stated goals and objectives or if modifications are needed. These evaluations included consideration of fleet-level bycatch numbers and rates, seasonality of bycatch by sector, and individual vessel bycatch rates. Results suggest that revised management regulations appear to have resulted in reduced bycatch of salmon overall. Also, lower bycatch rates seem to reflect changing behaviour in response to new management measures. However, the extent to which the programme is effective at the vessel level remains difficult to ascertain without explicit vessel-specific benchmarks developed for evaluating programme efficacy. C1 [Stram, Diana L.] North Pacific Fishery Management Council, Anchorage, AK 99510 USA. [Ianelli, James N.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Stram, DL (reprint author), North Pacific Fishery Management Council, 605 W 4th Ave, Anchorage, AK 99510 USA. EM diana.stram@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 72 IS 4 BP 1173 EP 1180 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu168 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CK4ZW UT WOS:000356232900005 ER PT J AU Hoogerheide, SF Dorr, JC Novitski, E Gabrielse, G AF Hoogerheide, S. Fogwell Dorr, J. C. Novitski, E. Gabrielse, G. TI High efficiency positron accumulation for high-precision magnetic moment experiments SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON AB Positrons are accumulated within a Penning trap designed to make more precise measurements of the positron and electron magnetic moments. The retractable radioactive source used is weak enough to require no license for handling radioactive material, and the radiation dosage 1 m from the source gives an exposure several times smaller than the average radiation dose on the earth's surface. The 100 mK trap is mechanically aligned with the 4.2 K superconducting solenoid that produces a 6 T magnetic trapping field with a direct mechanical coupling. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Hoogerheide, S. Fogwell; Dorr, J. C.; Novitski, E.; Gabrielse, G.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hoogerheide, SF (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU National Science Foundation [1068219] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Award No. 1068219 and a Graduate Research Fellowship for E.N. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 86 IS 5 AR 053301 DI 10.1063/1.4919413 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CK0VQ UT WOS:000355923700010 ER PT J AU Snow, WM Anderson, E Barron-Palos, L Bass, CD Bass, TD Crawford, BE Crawford, C Dawkins, JM Esposito, D Fry, J Gardiner, H Gan, K Haddock, C Heckel, BR Holley, AT Horton, JC Huffer, C Lieffers, J Luo, D Maldonado-Velazquez, M Markoff, DM Micherdzinska, AM Mumm, HP Nico, JS Sarsour, M Santra, S Sharapov, EI Swanson, HE Walbridge, SB Zhumabekova, V AF Snow, W. M. Anderson, E. Barron-Palos, L. Bass, C. D. Bass, T. D. Crawford, B. E. Crawford, C. Dawkins, J. M. Esposito, D. Fry, J. Gardiner, H. Gan, K. Haddock, C. Heckel, B. R. Holley, A. T. Horton, J. C. Huffer, C. Lieffers, J. Luo, D. Maldonado-Velazquez, M. Markoff, D. M. Micherdzinska, A. M. Mumm, H. P. Nico, J. S. Sarsour, M. Santra, S. Sharapov, E. I. Swanson, H. E. Walbridge, S. B. Zhumabekova, V. TI A slow neutron polarimeter for the measurement of parity-odd neutron rotary power SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-HYDROGEN TARGET; P-WAVE RESONANCE; SPIN ROTATION; OPTICAL-ACTIVITY; DYNAMICAL DIFFRACTION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; BUBBLE CHAMBERS; POLARIZATION; BEAM; 1ST AB We present the design, description, calibration procedure, and an analysis of systematic effects for an apparatus designed to measure the rotation of the plane of polarization of a transversely polarized slow neutron beam as it passes through unpolarized matter. This device is the neutron optical equivalent of a crossed polarizer/analyzer pair familiar from light optics. This apparatus has been used to search for parity violation in the interaction of polarized slow neutrons in matter. Given the brightness of existing slow neutron sources, this apparatus is capable of measuring a neutron rotary power of d phi/dz = 1 x 10(-7) rad/m. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Snow, W. M.; Anderson, E.; Bass, T. D.; Dawkins, J. M.; Fry, J.; Haddock, C.; Horton, J. C.; Luo, D.; Micherdzinska, A. M.; Walbridge, S. B.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Snow, W. M.; Anderson, E.; Bass, T. D.; Dawkins, J. M.; Fry, J.; Haddock, C.; Horton, J. C.; Luo, D.; Micherdzinska, A. M.; Walbridge, S. B.] Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Barron-Palos, L.; Maldonado-Velazquez, M.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Bass, C. D.] Le Moyne Coll, Syracuse, NY 13214 USA. [Crawford, B. E.] Gettysburg Coll, Gettysburg, PA 17325 USA. [Crawford, C.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Esposito, D.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Gardiner, H.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Gan, K.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Heckel, B. R.; Swanson, H. E.] Univ Washington, Ctr Expt Nucl Phys & Astrophys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Holley, A. T.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Huffer, C.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Lieffers, J.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. [Markoff, D. M.] N Carolina Cent Univ, Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27707 USA. [Mumm, H. P.; Nico, J. S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sarsour, M.] Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Santra, S.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. [Sharapov, E. I.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Zhumabekova, V.] Al Farabi Kazakh Natl Univ, Alma Ata 050038, Kazakhstan. RP Swanson, HE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Ctr Expt Nucl Phys & Astrophys, Box 354290, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM swanson@npl.washington.edu FU NSF [PHY-0457219, PHY-0758018, DE-AI02-93ER40784, DE-SC0010443, DE-FG02-95ER40901]; UNAM [PAPIIT-UNAM IN111913]; National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce; NSF Research Experiences for Undergraduates program [NSF PHY-1156540]; Indiana University Center for Spacetime Symmetries FX This work was supported in part by NSF PHY-0457219, NSF PHY-0758018, DE-AI02-93ER40784, DE-SC0010443, DE-FG02-95ER40901, and UNAM Grant No. PAPIIT-UNAM IN111913. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron facilities used in this work. H. Gardiner, D. Esposito, and J. Lieffers acknowledge support from the NSF Research Experiences for Undergraduates program NSF PHY-1156540. W.M. Snow, E. Anderson, J. Fry, C. Haddock, and A. T. Holley acknowledge support from the Indiana University Center for Spacetime Symmetries. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 86 IS 5 AR 055101 DI 10.1063/1.4919412 PG 23 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CK0VQ UT WOS:000355923700046 PM 26026552 ER PT J AU Wynne, TT Stumpf, RP AF Wynne, Timothy T. Stumpf, Richard P. TI Spatial and Temporal Patterns in the Seasonal Distribution of Toxic Cyanobacteria in Western Lake Erie from 2002-2014 SO TOXINS LA English DT Article ID MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; SAGINAW BAY; BLOOMS; HURON; MODIS AB Lake Erie, the world's tenth largest freshwater lake by area, has had recurring blooms of toxic cyanobacteria for the past two decades. These blooms pose potential health risks for recreation, and impact the treatment of drinking water. Understanding the timing and distribution of the blooms may aid in planning by local communities and resources managers. Satellite data provides a means of examining spatial patterns of the blooms. Data sets from MERIS (2002-2012) and MODIS (2012-2014) were analyzed to evaluate bloom patterns and frequencies. The blooms were identified using previously published algorithms to detect cyanobacteria (~25,000 cells mL(-1)), as well as a variation of these algorithms to account for the saturation of the MODIS ocean color bands. Images were binned into 10-day composites to reduce cloud and mixing artifacts. The 13 years of composites were used to determine frequency of presence of both detectable cyanobacteria and high risk (>100,000 cells mL(-1)) blooms. The bloom season according to the satellite observations falls within June 1 and October 31. Maps show the pattern of development and areas most commonly impacted during all years (with minor and severe blooms). Frequencies during years with just severe blooms (minor bloom years were not included in the analysis) were examined in the same fashion. With the annual forecasts of bloom severity, these frequency maps can provide public water suppliers and health departments with guidance on the timing of potential risk. C1 [Wynne, Timothy T.; Stumpf, Richard P.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wynne, TT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM timothy.wynne@noaa.gov; richard.stumpf@noaa.gov FU European Space Agency [C1P.3975]; NASA [NNH08ZDA001N, NNH09AL53I] FX MERIS imagery was provided by the European Space Agency (Category-1 Proposal C1P.3975). The project was partially supported by NASA's Applied Science Program announcement NNH08ZDA001N under contract NNH09AL53I. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 8 U2 36 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6651 J9 TOXINS JI Toxins PD MAY PY 2015 VL 7 IS 5 BP 1649 EP 1663 DI 10.3390/toxins7051649 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA CK5CU UT WOS:000356240600013 PM 25985390 ER PT J AU Bedford, NM Ramezani-Dakhel, H Slocik, JM Briggs, BD Ren, Y Frenkel, AI Petkov, V Heinz, H Naik, RR Knecht, MR AF Bedford, Nicholas M. Ramezani-Dakhel, Hadi Slocik, Joseph M. Briggs, Beverly D. Ren, Yang Frenkel, Anatoly I. Petkov, Valeri Heinz, Hendrik Naik, Rajesh R. Knecht, Marc R. TI Elucidation of Peptide-Directed Palladium Surface Structure for Biologically Tunable Nanocatalysts SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE biotemplating; peptides; atomic pair distribution function; molecular dynamics simulations; catalysis ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PAIR DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; BIOMIMETIC SYNTHESIS; ENABLED SYNTHESIS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; FORCE-FIELDS; NANOPARTICLES; ADSORPTION; GOLD AB Peptide-enabled synthesis of inorganic nanostructures represents an avenue to access catalytic materials with tunable and optimized properties. This is achieved via peptide complexity and programmability that is missing in traditional ligands for catalytic nanomaterials. Unfortunately, there is limited information available to correlate peptide sequence to particle structure and catalytic activity to date. As such, the application of peptide-enabled nanocatalysts remains limited to trial and error approaches. In this paper, a hybrid experimental and computational approach is introduced to systematically elucidate biomolecule-dependent structure/function relationships for peptide-capped Pd nanocatalysts. Synchrotron X-ray techniques were used to uncover substantial particle surface structural disorder, which was dependent upon the amino acid sequence of the peptide capping ligand. Nanocatalyst configurations were then determined directly from experimental data using reverse Monte Carlo methods and further refined using molecular dynamics simulation, obtaining thermodynamically stable peptide-Pd nanoparticle configurations. Sequence-dependent catalytic property differences for C-C coupling and olefin hydrogenation were then eluddated by identification of the catalytic active sites at the atomic level and quantitative prediction of relative reaction rates. This hybrid methodology provides a clear route to determine peptide-dependent structure/function relationships, enabling the generation of guidelines for catalyst design through rational tailoring of peptide sequences. C1 [Bedford, Nicholas M.; Slocik, Joseph M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bedford, Nicholas M.; Briggs, Beverly D.; Knecht, Marc R.] Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Ramezani-Dakhel, Hadi; Heinz, Hendrik] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Ren, Yang] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Frenkel, Anatoly I.] Yeshiva Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Petkov, Valeri] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48858 USA. RP Bedford, NM (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM nicholas.bedford@nist.gov; hendrik.heinz@uakron.edu; rajesh.naik@us.af.mil; knecht@miami.edu RI Frenkel, Anatoly/D-3311-2011; Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Frenkel, Anatoly/0000-0002-5451-1207; Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation [CBET-1033334, DMR-0955071, DMR-1437355]; US Department of Energy [DE-FG0203ER15476, DE-SC000687]; University of Miami; University of Akron; Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG0205ER15688]; National Research Council; [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported in part by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (R.R.N), National Science Foundation (M.R.K. CBET-1033334, H.H. DMR-0955071, DMR-1437355), and US Department of Energy (A.F DE-FG0203ER15476, V.P. DE-SC000687). Further financial support was provided by the University of Miami and the University of Akron. Use of beamline 11-ID-C at the APS, an Office of Science User Facility operated by the US Department of Energy, was supported under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Beamline X18B at the NSLS is supported in part by the Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium, U.S. Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG0205ER15688. N.M.B. acknowledges fellowship support from the National Research Council Research Associateship award. H.R. and H.H. further acknowledge the allocation of computing resources at the Ohio Supercomputer Center. NR 58 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 13 U2 62 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD MAY PY 2015 VL 9 IS 5 BP 5082 EP 5092 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b00168 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CJ3KR UT WOS:000355383000044 PM 25905675 ER PT J AU Segal-Peretz, T Winterstein, J Doxastakis, M Ramirez-Hernandez, A Biswas, M Ren, JX Suh, HS Darling, SB Liddle, JA Elam, JW de Pablo, JJ Zaluzec, NJ Nealey, PF AF Segal-Peretz, Tamar Winterstein, Jonathan Doxastakis, Manolis Ramirez-Hernandez, Abelardo Biswas, Mahua Ren, Jiaxing Suh, Hyo Seon Darling, Seth B. Liddle, J. Alexander Elam, Jeffrey W. de Pablo, Juan J. Zaluzec, Nestor J. Nealey, Paul F. TI Characterizing the Three-Dimensional Structure of Block Copolymers via Sequential Infiltration Synthesis and Scanning Transmission Electron Tomography SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE block copolymers; self-assembly; TEM; STEM; tomography; SIS ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; DIRECT VISUALIZATION; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; WETTING BEHAVIOR; RADIATION-DAMAGE; STEM TOMOGRAPHY; LITHOGRAPHY; MORPHOLOGY; MICROTOMOGRAPHY AB Understanding and controlling the three-dimensional structure of block copolymer (BCP) thin films is critical for utilizing these materials for sub-20 nm nanopatterning in semiconductor devices, as well as in membranes and solar cell applications. Combining an atomic layer deposition (ALD)-based technique for enhancing the contrast of BCPs in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) together with scanning TEM (STEM) tomography reveals and characterizes the three-dimensional structures of poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) thin films with great clarity. Sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS), a block-selective technique for growing inorganic materials in BCPs films in an ALD tool and an emerging technique for enhancing the etch contrast of BCPs, was harnessed to significantly enhance the high-angle scattering from the polar domains of BCP films in the TEM. The power of combining SIS and STEM tomography for three-dimensional (3D) characterization of BCP films was demonstrated with the following cases: self-assembled cylindrical, lamellar, and spherical PS-b-PMMA thin films. In all cases, STEM tomography has revealed 3D structures that were hidden underneath the surface, including (1) the 3D structure of defects in cylindrical and lamellar phases, (2) the nonperpendicular 3D surface of grain boundaries in the cylindrical phase, and (3) the 3D arrangement of spheres in body-centered-cubic (BCC) and hexagonal-closed-pack (HCP) morphologies in the spherical phase. The 3D data of the spherical morphologies was compared to coarse-grained simulations and assisted in validating the simulations' parameters. STEM tomography of SIS-treated BCP films enables the characterization of the exact structure used for pattern transfer and can lead to a better understating of the physics that is utilized in BCP lithography. C1 [Segal-Peretz, Tamar; Doxastakis, Manolis; Ramirez-Hernandez, Abelardo; Ren, Jiaxing; Suh, Hyo Seon; Darling, Seth B.; de Pablo, Juan J.; Nealey, Paul F.] Univ Chicago, Inst Mol Engn, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Segal-Peretz, Tamar; Doxastakis, Manolis; Ramirez-Hernandez, Abelardo; Suh, Hyo Seon; de Pablo, Juan J.; Nealey, Paul F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Biswas, Mahua; Elam, Jeffrey W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Darling, Seth B.; Zaluzec, Nestor J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Winterstein, Jonathan; Liddle, J. Alexander] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nealey, PF (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Inst Mol Engn, 5747 South Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM nealey@uchicago.edu RI Ramirez-Hernandez, Abelardo/A-1717-2011; Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; OI Ramirez-Hernandez, Abelardo/0000-0002-3569-5223; Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; Doxastakis, Manolis/0000-0002-9175-9906 FU Weizmann Institute of Science National Postdoctoral Award Program for Advancing Women in Science; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences at the Materials Science Division [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences at the Center for Nanoscale Materials [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences at the Electron Microscopy Center in the NanoScience and Technology Division in Argonne National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology as part of the CHiMad [70NHNB14H012] FX T.S.-P. is an Awardee of the Weizmann Institute of Science National Postdoctoral Award Program for Advancing Women in Science. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, at the Materials Science Division, at the Center for Nanoscale Materials, and at the Electron Microscopy Center in the NanoScience and Technology Division, all in Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The project was in part funded by award 70NHNB14H012 from the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, as part of the CHiMad. We gratefully acknowledge the computing resources provided on Blues, high-performance computing cluster operated by the Laboratory Computing Resource Center at Argonne National Laboratory. NR 58 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 14 U2 81 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD MAY PY 2015 VL 9 IS 5 BP 5333 EP 5347 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b01013 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CJ3KR UT WOS:000355383000069 PM 25919347 ER PT J AU Fagan, JA Haroz, EH Ihly, R Gui, H Blackburn, JL Simpson, JR Lam, S Walker, ARH Doorn, SK Zheng, M AF Fagan, Jeffrey A. Haroz, Erik H. Ihly, Rachelle Gui, Hui Blackburn, Jeffrey L. Simpson, Jeffrey R. Lam, Stephanie Walker, Angela R. Hight Doorn, Stephen K. Zheng, Ming TI Isolation of > 1 nm Diameter Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Species Using Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE single-wall carbon nanotube; separation; two-phase extraction ID DENSITY-GRADIENT ULTRACENTRIFUGATION; LENGTH FRACTIONATION; CHIRALITY SEPARATION; GEL CHROMATOGRAPHY; LARGE-SCALE; ENRICHMENT; SYSTEMS; DISTRIBUTIONS; DISPERSIONS; RECOGNITION AB In this contribution we demonstrate the effective separation of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) species with diameters larger than 1 nm through multistage aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE), including isolation at the near-monochiral species level up to at least the diameter range of SWCNTs synthesized by electric arc synthesis (1.3-1.6 nm). We also demonstrate that refined species are readily obtained from both the metallic and semiconducting subpopulations of SWCNTs and that this methodology is effective for multiple SWCNT raw materials. Using these data, we report an empirical function for the necessary surfactant concentrations in the ATPE method for separating different SWCNTs into either the lower or upper phase as a function of SWCNT diameter. This empirical correlation enables predictive separation design and identifies a subset of SWCNTs that behave unusually as compared to other species. These results not only dramatically increase the range of SWCNT diameters to which species selective separation can be achieved but also demonstrate that aqueous two-phase separations can be designed across experimentally accessible ranges of surfactant concentrations to controllably separate SWOT populations of very small (similar to 0.62 nm) to very large diameters (>1.7 nm). Together, the results reported here indicate that total separation of all SWCNT species is likely feasible by the ATPE method, especially given future development of multistage automated extraction techniques. C1 [Fagan, Jeffrey A.; Lam, Stephanie; Zheng, Ming] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Simpson, Jeffrey R.; Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Haroz, Erik H.; Doorn, Stephen K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ihly, Rachelle; Blackburn, Jeffrey L.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Gui, Hui] Univ So Calif, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Fagan, JA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.fagan@nist.gov RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009; OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672; Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554 FU LANL-LDRD program; LANL; Solar Photochemistry Program of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences [DE-AC36-08GO28308] FX E.H.H. and S.K.D. acknowledge partial support from the LANL-LDRD program. E.H.H. also gratefully acknowledges support from the LANL Director's Postdoctoral Fellowship. J.L.B. and R.I. graciously acknowledge support from the Solar Photochemistry Program of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 to NREL. NR 62 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 15 U2 88 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD MAY PY 2015 VL 9 IS 5 BP 5377 EP 5390 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b01123 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CJ3KR UT WOS:000355383000074 PM 25871430 ER PT J AU Zang, ZL Hao, ZL Pan, XB Li, ZJ Chen, D Zhang, L Li, QB AF Zang, Zengliang Hao, Zilong Pan, Xiaobin Li, Zhijin Chen, Dan Zhang, Li Li, Qinbin TI Background error statistics for aerosol variables from WRF/Chem predictions in Southern California SO ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Aerosol; species; background error covariance; cross-correlation ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; OPTICAL DEPTH ASSIMILATION; COVARIANCE STATISTICS; SYSTEM; MODEL; FORECASTS; INTERPOLATION; CONSTRUCTION; IMPACT; SCHEME AB Background error covariance (BEC) is crucial in data assimilation. This paper addresses the multivariate BEC associated with black carbon, organic carbon, nitrates, sulfates, and other constituents of aerosol species. These aerosol species are modeled and predicted using the Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry scheme (MOSAIC) in the Weather Research and Forecasting/Chemistry (WRF/Chem) model at a resolution of 4 km in Southern California. The BEC is estimated from the differences between the 36-hour and 12-hour forecasts using the NMC method. The results indicated that the maximum background error standard deviation is associated with nitrate and is larger than that of black carbon, organic carbon, and sulfate. The horizontal and vertical scale of the correlation of nitrate is much smaller than that of other species. A significant cross-correlation is found between the species of black carbon and organic carbon. The cross-correlations between nitrate and other variables are relatively smaller and exhibit a relatively smaller length scale. Single observation data assimilation experiments are performed to illustrate the effect of the BEC on analysis increments. C1 [Zang, Zengliang; Hao, Zilong; Pan, Xiaobin] PLA Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Meteorol & Oceanog, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zang, Zengliang; Li, Zhijin; Li, Qinbin] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Chen, Dan] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Zhang, Li] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, Li] NOAA, Global Syst Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Li, Qinbin] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Zang, ZL (reprint author), Coll Meteorol & Oceanog, 60 Shuanglong St, Nanjing 211101, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM zzlqxxy@163.com RI ZHANG, LI/C-6743-2015; Chen, Dan/R-4486-2016 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41275128, 41206163] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41275128 and 41206163). NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 13 PU KOREAN METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA SHINKIL-DONG 508, SIWON BLDG 704, YONGDUNGPO-GU, SEOUL, 150-050, SOUTH KOREA SN 1976-7633 EI 1976-7951 J9 ASIA-PAC J ATMOS SCI JI Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 51 IS 2 BP 123 EP 135 DI 10.1007/s13143-015-0063-8 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ6PO UT WOS:000355616000002 ER PT J AU Vogel, GL Schumacher, GE Chow, LC Tenuta, LMA AF Vogel, Gerald L. Schumacher, Gary E. Chow, Laurence C. Tenuta, Livia M. A. TI Oral Fluoride Levels 1 h after Use of a Sodium Fluoride Rinse: Effect of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate SO CARIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fluoride; Plaque; Plaque fluid; Saliva; Sodium lauryl sulfate ID USE TOPICAL FLUORIDES; CALCIUM PRE-RINSE; SALIVARY FLUORIDE; PLAQUE FLUID; CARIES PREVENTION; 2-SOLUTION RINSE; DENTAL PLAQUE; WHOLE SALIVA; DENTIFRICES; RETENTION AB Increasing the concentration of free fluoride in oral fluids is an important goal in the use of topical fluoride agents. Although sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is a common dentifrice ingredient, the influence of this ion on plaque fluid and salivary fluid fluoride has not been examined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of SLS on these parameters and to examine the effect of this ion on total (or whole) plaque fluoride, an important source of plaque fluid fluoride after a sufficient interval following fluoride administration, and on total salivary fluoride, a parameter often used as a surrogate measure of salivary fluid fluoride. Ten subjects accumulated plaque for 48 h before rinsing with a 12 mmol/lNaF (228 mu g/g F) rinse containing or not containing 0.5% (w/w) SLS. SLS had no statistically significant effect on total plaque and total saliva fluoride but significantly increased salivary fluid and plaque fluid fluoride (by 147 and 205%, respectively). These results suggest that the nonfluoride components of topical agents can be manipulated to improve the fluoride release characteristics from oral fluoride reservoirs and that statistically significant change may be observed in plaque fluid and salivary fluid fluoride concentrations that may not be observed in total plaque and total saliva fluoride concentrations. (C) 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Vogel, Gerald L.; Schumacher, Gary E.; Chow, Laurence C.] Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Dr Anthony Volpe Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Tenuta, Livia M. A.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Piracicaba Dent Sch, Piracicaba, Brazil. RP Vogel, GL (reprint author), NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Dr Anthony Volpe Res Ctr, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jvogel@nist.gov RI Tenuta, Livia/D-2811-2012 OI Tenuta, Livia/0000-0003-4626-4477 FU ADA Foundation; dental research program at the National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This study was supported by a grant from the ADA Foundation and is part of the dental research program conducted at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in cooperation with the ADA Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The roles of the authors in this study were as follows: G.L.V. conceived and designed the experiments. G.E.S. performed the clinical examination and collected samples. G.L.V. performed the analysis and analyzed the data. G.L.V., G.E.S., L.C.C., L.M.A.T. wrote the manuscript. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0008-6568 EI 1421-976X J9 CARIES RES JI Caries Res. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 49 IS 3 BP 291 EP 296 DI 10.1159/000381192 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA CK1DQ UT WOS:000355946400012 PM 25924684 ER PT J AU Fedchak, JA Scherschligt, J Sefa, M Phandinh, N AF Fedchak, James A. Scherschligt, Julia Sefa, Makfir Phandinh, Nicholas TI Building a spring-transport package for spinning rotor gauges SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID HIGH-VACUUM AB Spinning rotor gauges (SRGs) are widely used as transfer standards in interlaboratory comparisons and as secondary standards by calibration laboratories. In both of these applications, it is necessary to ship the SRG for calibration, often internationally over long distances. A spring-transport mechanism is a device used to immobilize the SRG and keep it under vacuum during transport. To assure that the SRG will not be damaged during shipment, it is also important to have packaging that protects the SRG and spring-transport mechanism. This shop-note describes the design and mechanical testing of a robust spring-transport mechanism and shipping container built by National Institute of Standards and Technology. (C) 2015 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Fedchak, James A.; Scherschligt, Julia; Sefa, Makfir] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Phandinh, Nicholas] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Fedchak, JA (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM james.fedchak@nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 EI 1520-8559 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD MAY PY 2015 VL 33 IS 3 AR 033201 DI 10.1116/1.4916593 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA CJ8HW UT WOS:000355741800033 ER PT J AU McCourt, M O'Leary, RM Madigan, AM Quataert, E AF McCourt, Michael O'Leary, Ryan M. Madigan, Ann-Marie Quataert, Eliot TI Magnetized gas clouds can survive acceleration by a hot wind SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE MHD; plasmas; ISM: clouds; Galaxy: centre; Galaxy: halo ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; SGR A-ASTERISK; GALACTIC-CENTER; CIRCUMGALACTIC MEDIUM; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; COLD ACCRETION; 3 DIMENSIONS; G2; SHOCK; SIMULATIONS AB We present three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of magnetized gas clouds accelerated by hot winds. We initialize gas clouds with tangled internal magnetic fields and show that this field suppresses the disruption of the cloud: rather than mixing into the hot wind as found in hydrodynamic simulations, cloud fragments end up comoving with the external medium and in pressure equilibrium with their surroundings. We also show that a magnetic field in the hot wind enhances the drag force on the cloud by a factor similar to(1 + upsilon(2)(A)/upsilon(2)(wind)), where upsilon(A) is the Alfven speed in the wind and upsilon(wind) measures the relative speed between the cloud and the wind. We apply this result to gas clouds in several astrophysical contexts, including galaxy clusters, galactic winds, the Galactic Centre, and the outskirts of the Galactic halo. Our results can help explain the prevalence of cool gas in galactic winds and galactic haloes, and how this cool gas survives in spite of its interaction with hot wind/halo gas. We also predict that drag forces can lead to a deviation from Keplerian orbits for gas clouds in the galactic center. C1 [McCourt, Michael] Harvard Univ, Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [O'Leary, Ryan M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [O'Leary, Ryan M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Madigan, Ann-Marie; Quataert, Eliot] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Madigan, Ann-Marie; Quataert, Eliot] Univ Calif Berkeley, Theoret Astrophys Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McCourt, M (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mkmcc@astro.berkeley.edu OI McCourt, Michael/0000-0003-4531-7733 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship [PF2-130095]; NASA [NAS8-03060, NNX10AJ96G]; UC Berkeley's Theoretical Astrophysics Center; Thomas and Alison Schneider Chair in Physics at UC Berkeley; National Science Foundation [AST-1312651, ACI-1053575]; NASA ATP Grant [12-ATP12-0183]; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Simons Investigator Award from the Simons Foundation FX MM thanks Christoph Pfrommer and Ramesh Narayan for interesting and helpful conversations about these results. Jim Stone provided helpful comments on an earlier draft of this Letter, particularly in regard to the effects of cooling and numerical convergence. We thank the referee, Aleksander Sadowski, for helpful comments. EQ thanks the participants of the Simons Foundation Galactic Winds: Beyond Phenomenology meeting for stimulating discussions. A-MM is supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship Award Number PF2-130095 issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of the NASA under contract NAS8-03060. RO was supported by UC Berkeley's Theoretical Astrophysics Center. MM received support from the Thomas and Alison Schneider Chair in Physics at UC Berkeley and from National Science Foundation grant number AST-1312651. This work was supported in part by NASA ATP Grant 12-ATP12-0183, by NASA grant NNX10AJ96G, by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, and by a Simons Investigator Award to EQ from the Simons Foundation. This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation grant number ACI-1053575. Computing time was provided through XSEDE Allocations TG-AST140039 and TG-AST140047. We made our figures using the open-source program TIOGA. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAY 1 PY 2015 VL 449 IS 1 BP 2 EP 7 DI 10.1093/mnras/stv355 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CJ2WO UT WOS:000355345600001 ER PT J AU Aly, H Dehnen, W Nixon, C King, A AF Aly, Hossam Dehnen, Walter Nixon, Chris King, Andrew TI Misaligned gas discs around eccentric black hole binaries and implications for the final-parsec problem SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; black hole physics; hydrodynamics ID SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LONG-TERM EVOLUTION; ACCRETION DISCS; STELLAR ENVIRONMENT; EFFICIENT MERGER; GALAXIES; STARS; DISKS; SIMULATIONS AB We investigate the evolution of low mass (M-d/M-b = 0.005) misaligned gaseous discs around eccentric supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries. These are expected to form from randomly oriented accretion events on to a SMBH binary formed in a galaxy merger. When expanding the interaction terms between the binary and a circular ring to quadrupole order and averaging over the binary orbit, we expect four non-precessing disc orientations: aligned or counter-aligned with the binary, or polar orbits around the binary eccentricity vector with either sense of rotation. All other orientations precess around either of these, with the polar precession dominating for high eccentricity. These expectations are borne out by smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of initially misaligned viscous circumbinary discs, resulting in the formation of polar rings around highly eccentric binaries in contrast to the coplanar discs around circular binaries. Moreover, we observe disc tearing and violent interactions between differentially precessing rings in the disc significantly disrupting the disc structure and causing gas to fall on to the binary with little angular momentum. While accretion from a polar disc may not promote SMBH binary coalescence (solving the 'final-parsec problem'), ejection of this infalling low-angular momentum material via gravitational slingshot is a possible mechanism to reduce the binary separation. Moreover, this process acts on dynamical rather than viscous time-scales, and so is much faster. C1 [Aly, Hossam; Dehnen, Walter; King, Andrew] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Nixon, Chris] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nixon, Chris] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [King, Andrew] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Aly, H (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. EM ha183@le.ac.uk OI Nixon, Christopher/0000-0002-2137-4146 FU STFC; Large Facilities Capital Fund of BIS; NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Program [PF2-130098] FX We thank the referee for useful suggestions. Research in Theoretical Astrophysics at Leicester is supported by an STFC rolling grant. The calculations presented in this paper were performed using the ALICE High Performance Computing Facility at the University of Leicester. Some resources on ALICE form part of the DiRAC Facility jointly funded by STFC and the Large Facilities Capital Fund of BIS. CN acknowledges support provided by NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Program, grant PF2-130098. We used SPLASH (Price 2007) visualization code for some of the figures in this paper. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAY 1 PY 2015 VL 449 IS 1 BP 65 EP 76 DI 10.1093/mnras/stv128 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CJ2WO UT WOS:000355345600006 ER PT J AU Lin, MY Fiore, AM Horowitz, LW Langford, AO Oltmans, SJ Tarasick, D Rieder, HE AF Lin, Meiyun Fiore, Arlene M. Horowitz, Larry W. Langford, Andrew O. Oltmans, Samuel J. Tarasick, David Rieder, Harald E. TI Climate variability modulates western US ozone air quality in spring via deep stratospheric intrusions SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; NORTH-AMERICA; PINATUBO ERUPTION; UNITED-STATES; SURFACE OZONE; TROPOPAUSE; TRANSPORT; EXCHANGE; MIDLATITUDES; CIRCULATION AB Evidence suggests deep stratospheric intrusions can elevate western US surface ozone to unhealthy levels during spring. These intrusions can be classified as 'exceptional events', which are not counted towards non-attainment determinations. Understanding the factors driving the year-to-year variability of these intrusions is thus relevant for effective implementation of the US ozone air quality standard. Here we use observations and model simulations to link these events to modes of climate variability. We show more frequent late spring stratospheric intrusions when the polar jet meanders towards the western United States, such as occurs following strong La Nina winters (Nino3.4< -1.0 degrees C). While El Nino leads to enhancements of upper tropospheric ozone, we find this influence does not reach surface air. Fewer and weaker intrusion events follow in the two springs after the 1991 volcanic eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. The linkage between La Nina and western US stratospheric intrusions can be exploited to provide a few months of lead time during which preparations could be made to deploy targeted measurements aimed at identifying these exceptional events. C1 [Lin, Meiyun] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Lin, Meiyun; Horowitz, Larry W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Fiore, Arlene M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Fiore, Arlene M.; Rieder, Harald E.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Langford, Andrew O.; Oltmans, Samuel J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Oltmans, Samuel J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Tarasick, David] Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Expt Studies Res Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Rieder, Harald E.] Graz Univ, Wegener Ctr Climate & Global Change, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Rieder, Harald E.] Graz Univ, IGAM Inst Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RP Lin, MY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Meiyun.Lin@noaa.gov RI Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009; Lin, Meiyun/D-6107-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061; Lin, Meiyun/0000-0003-3852-3491; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692 FU NOAA University Cooperative Institute for Climate Science; NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team [NNX12AF15G]; Princeton University Cooperative Institute for Climate Science FX This work was supported by NOAA and Princeton University's Cooperative Institute for Climate Science and the NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team under grant NNX12AF15G. We acknowledge the US National Park Service for measuring surface ozone at CASTNET sites, O.R. Cooper for providing daily ozonesonde data for spring 2010, and B.J. Johnson for maintaining ozonesonde measurements at Trinidad Head and Boulder. Finally we thank Yi Ming, Songmiao Fan and Ying Li for their helpful discussions, and Cathy Raphael for the help in graphics. NR 69 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 29 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 6 AR 7105 DI 10.1038/ncomms8105 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CJ5MO UT WOS:000355531900004 PM 25964012 ER PT J AU Wang, B Xiang, BQ Li, J Webster, PJ Rajeevan, MN Liu, J Ha, KJ AF Wang, Bin Xiang, Baoqiang Li, Juan Webster, Peter J. Rajeevan, Madhavan N. Liu, Jian Ha, Kyung-Ja TI Rethinking Indian monsoon rainfall prediction in the context of recent global warming SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; ENSO; OSCILLATION; MODULATION; FREQUENCY; IMPACT AB Prediction of Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) is at the heart of tropical climate prediction. Despite enormous progress having been made in predicting ISMR since 1886, the operational forecasts during recent decades (1989-2012) have little skill. Here we show, with both dynamical and physical-empirical models, that this recent failure is largely due to the models' inability to capture new predictability sources emerging during recent global warming, that is, the development of the central-Pacific El Nino-Southern Oscillation (CP-ENSO), the rapid deepening of the Asian Low and the strengthening of North and South Pacific Highs during boreal spring. A physical-empirical model that captures these new predictors can produce an independent forecast skill of 0.51 for 1989-2012 and a 92-year retrospective forecast skill of 0.64 for 1921-2012. The recent low skills of the dynamical models are attributed to deficiencies in capturing the developing CP-ENSO and anomalous Asian Low. The results reveal a considerable gap between ISMR prediction skill and predictability. C1 [Wang, Bin; Li, Juan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA. [Wang, Bin; Li, Juan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA. [Wang, Bin] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Earth Syst Modeling Ctr, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Xiang, Baoqiang] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Xiang, Baoqiang] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Webster, Peter J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rajeevan, Madhavan N.] Minist Earth Sci, Earth Syst Sci Org, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. [Liu, Jian] Nanjing Normal Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Key Labs Virtual Geog Environm & Numer Simulat La, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Liu, Jian] Jiangsu Ctr Collaborat Innovat Geog Informat Reso, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Ha, Kyung-Ja] Pusan Natl Univ, Div Earth Environm Syst, Busan 609735, South Korea. RP Wang, B (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA. EM wangbin@hawaii.edu; jliu@njnu.edu.cn OI RAJEEVAN, Madhavan/0000-0002-3000-2459 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41420104002, 41371209]; US National Science Foundation [AGS-1005599, AGS 0965610]; Global Research Laboratory (GRL) Program from the National Research Foundation of Korea [2011-0021927]; NOAA MAPP Program [NA12OAR4310075] FX We thank Professor B.N. Goswami for his constructive comments in an early version of the manuscript. This study was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41420104002 and 41371209) (J. Liu and B.W.), the US National Science Foundation awards #AGS-1005599 (B.W.) and # AGS 0965610 (P.J.W.) and the Global Research Laboratory (GRL) Program from the National Research Foundation of Korea (Grant No. 2011-0021927) (K.-J.H. and B.W.). B.X. was supported by NOAA MAPP Program under Awards NA12OAR4310075. This is publication No. 9297 of the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, publication No. 1108 of the International Pacific Research Center and publication No. 41 of Earth System Modelling Center. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 6 AR 7154 DI 10.1038/ncomms8154 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CJ5NG UT WOS:000355534000001 PM 25981180 ER PT J AU Cooksey, CC Nadal, ME Allen, DW Hauer, KO Hope, A AF Cooksey, Catherine C. Nadal, Maria E. Allen, David W. Hauer, Kai-Olaf Hoepe, Andreas TI Bidirectional reflectance scale comparison between NIST and PTB SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ROBOT-BASED GONIOREFLECTOMETER; NIST-0/45 REFLECTOMETER; SPECTRAL BRDF AB Interlaboratory comparisons, referred to as key comparisons, are completed for many metrological units within the framework of the mutual recognition arrangement of the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. These comparisons are the responsibility of consultative committees of the different metrological areas. In the case of the Consultative Committee for Photometry and Radiometry, there are currently about 20 key comparisons for various measurands. While interest in the field of bidirectional reflectance has been growing in recent years among users in industry and research and development, there is currently no dedicated key comparison to demonstrate scale conformity. This is the basis of the comparison of the bidirectional reflectance scales between the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). Measurements of two distinct sets of white diffuse reflectance standards, two sintered polytetrafluoroethylene samples and two matte ceramic samples, were performed using the common and widely used 0: 45 geometry. The wavelength range of the comparison spans the ultraviolet (lambda >= 330 nm) to the near infrared (lambda <= 1150 nm), a technically important region. In total, five different facilities participated in this bilateral investigation. The results of the comparison show good agreement within the combined uncertainties. C1 [Cooksey, Catherine C.; Nadal, Maria E.; Allen, David W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hauer, Kai-Olaf; Hoepe, Andreas] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Cooksey, CC (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM catherine.cooksey@nist.gov; andreas.hoepe@ptb.de NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 13 BP 4006 EP 4015 DI 10.1364/AO.54.004006 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA CH4DC UT WOS:000353980900042 ER PT J AU Churchill, DA Heithaus, MR Vaudo, JJ Grubbs, RD Gastrich, K Castro, JI AF Churchill, Diana A. Heithaus, Michael R. Vaudo, Jeremy J. Grubbs, R. Dean Gastrich, Kirk Castro, Jose I. TI Trophic interactions of common elasmobranchs in deep-sea communities of the Gulf of Mexico revealed through stable isotope and stomach content analysis SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Stable isotopes; Deep-sea; Shark; Feeding behavior; Food web; Trophic structure; Gulf of Mexico ID DISCRIMINATION FACTORS; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; LIPID EXTRACTION; MARINE PREDATORS; FEEDING ECOLOGY; ORGANIC-CARBON; FOOD WEBS; FISHES; DIET; SHARKS AB Deep-water sharks are abundant and widely distributed in the northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico. As mid- and upper-level consumers that can range widely, sharks likely are important components of deep-sea communities and their trophic interactions may serve as system-wide baselines that could be used to monitor the overall health of these communities. We investigated the trophic interactions of deep-sea sharks using a combination of stable isotope (delta C-13 and delta N-15) and stomach content analyses. Two hundred thirty-two muscle samples were collected from elasmobranchs captured off the bottom at depths between 200 and 1100 m along the northern slope (NGS) and the west Florida slope (WFS) of the Gulf of Mexico during 2011 and 2012. Although we detected some spatial, temporal, and interspecific variation in apparent trophic positions based on stable isotopes, there was considerable isotopic overlap among species, between locations, and through time. Overall delta N-13 values in the NGS region were higher than in the WFS. The delta N-15 values also increased between April 2011 and 2012 in the NGS, but not the WFS, within Squalus cf. mitsukurii. We found that stable isotope values of S. cf. mitsukurii, the most commonly captured elasmobranch, varied between sample regions, through time, and also with sex and size. Stomach content analysis (n=105) suggested relatively similar diets at the level of broad taxonomic categories of prey among the taxa with sufficient sample sizes. We did not detect a relationship between body size and relative trophic levels inferred from delta N-15, but patterns within several species suggest increasing trophic levels with increasing size. Both delta C-13 and delta N-15 values suggest a substantial degree of overlap among most deep-water shark species. This study provides the first characterization of the trophic interactions of deep-sea sharks in the Gulf of Mexico and establishes system baselines for future investigations. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Churchill, Diana A.; Heithaus, Michael R.; Vaudo, Jeremy J.; Gastrich, Kirk] Florida Int Univ, Sch Environm Arts & Soc, Marine Sci Program, North Miami, FL 33181 USA. [Grubbs, R. Dean] Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, St Teresa, FL 32358 USA. [Castro, Jose I.] NOAA, SEFSC, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Churchill, DA (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Sch Environm Arts & Soc, Marine Sci Program, 3000 NE 151st, North Miami, FL 33181 USA. EM diana.churchilll@fiu.edu FU BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative through the Florida Institute of Oceanography; Deep-C Consortium; Florida Institute of Oceanography Shiptime Grant; FIU's Department of Biological Sciences FX This research was made possible by two grants from BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative through the Florida Institute of Oceanography as well as a grant to the Deep-C Consortium. The 2005 research cruise was funded by a Florida Institute of Oceanography Shiptime Grant and FIU's Department of Biological Sciences. We thank Chip Cotton and Ron Schatman for logistical support, the staff of the FIU Stable Isotope Laboratory, and all of the research cruise volunteers. NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 115 SI SI BP 92 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.10.011 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CI8XQ UT WOS:000355055400010 ER PT J AU Li, D Sun, T Liu, MF Yang, L Wang, LL Gao, ZQ AF Li, Dan Sun, Ting Liu, Maofeng Yang, Long Wang, Linlin Gao, Zhiqiu TI Contrasting responses of urban and rural surface energy budgets to heat waves explain synergies between urban heat islands and heat waves SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE heat wave; urban heat island; surface energy budgets ID GREEN ROOF PERFORMANCE; ANTHROPOGENIC HEAT; UNITED-STATES; TEMPERATURE EXTREMES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; NORTH-AMERICA; AIR-QUALITY; MODEL; CLIMATE; TURBULENCE AB Heat waves (HWs) are projected to become more frequent and last longer over most land areas in the late 21st century, which raises serious public health concerns. Urban residents face higher health risks due to synergies betweenHWsand urban heat islands (UHIs) (i.e., UHIs are higher under HW conditions). However, the responses of urban and rural surface energy budgets to HW sare still largely unknown. This study analyzes observations from two flux towers in Beijing, China and reveals significant differences between the responses of urban and rural (cropland) ecosystems to HWs. It is found that UHIs increase significantly during HWs, especially during the nighttime, implying synergies betweenHWsand UHIs. Results indicate that the urban site receives more incoming shortwave radiation and longwave radiation due to HWs as compared to the rural site, resulting in a larger radiative energy input into the urban surface energy budget. Changes in turbulent heat fluxes also diverge strongly for the urban site and the rural site: latent heat fluxes increase more significantly at the rural site due to abundant available water, while sensible heat fluxes and possibly heat storage increase more at the urban site. These comparisons suggest that the contrasting responses of urban and rural surface energy budgets to HWs are responsible for the synergies betweenHWsand UHIs. As a result, urban mitigation and adaption strategies such as the use of green roofs and white roofs are needed in order to mitigate the impact of these synergies. C1 [Li, Dan] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Sun, Ting] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Liu, Maofeng; Yang, Long] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Gao, Zhiqiu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Li, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM sunting@tsinghua.edu.cn RI Li, Dan /G-5794-2015; Sun, Ting/A-3388-2013 OI Sun, Ting/0000-0002-2486-6146 FU NOAA (US Department of Commerce) [NA08OAR4320752]; Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University; BP; NSFC [51190092, 51409147, 41405018, 41275022] FX DL acknowledges support from the NOAA (US Department of Commerce) grant NA08OAR4320752 and the Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University, sponsored by BP. The statements, findings, and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NOAA, the US Department of Commerce, or BP. TS acknowledges the support from NSFC under grant nos. 51190092 and 51409147. LW and ZG acknowledge support from the NSFC under grant nos. 41405018 and 41275022. The authors thank Bo Guo from Princeton University for insightful discussions. The two anonymous reviewers are also acknowledged, whose comments led to significant improvement of this paper. NR 79 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 8 U2 60 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 10 IS 5 AR 054009 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/10/5/054009 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ0XA UT WOS:000355201800011 ER PT J AU Zhou, YY Smith, SJ Zhao, KG Imhoff, M Thomson, A Bond-Lamberty, B Asrar, G Zhang, XS He, CY Elvidge, CD AF Zhou, Yuyu Smith, Steven J. Zhao, Kaiguang Imhoff, Marc Thomson, Allison Bond-Lamberty, Ben Asrar, Ghassem R. Zhang, Xuesong He, Chunyang Elvidge, Christopher D. TI A global map of urban extent from nightlights SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE nightlights; global; urban; threshold; DMSP/OLS ID LAND-COVER DATABASE; UNITED-STATES; SATELLITE DATA; SURFACE-AREAS; CO2 EMISSIONS; URBANIZATION; IMAGERY; CHINA; CONSEQUENCES; DYNAMICS AB Urbanization, a major driver of global change, profoundly impacts our physical and social world, for example, altering not just water and carbon cycling, biodiversity, and climate, but also demography, public health, and economy. Understanding these consequences for better scientific insights and effective decision-making unarguably requires accurate information on urban extent and its spatial distributions. Wedeveloped a method to map the urban extent from the defense meteorological satellite program/operational linescan system nighttime stable-light data at the global level and created a new global 1 km urban extent map for the year 2000. Our map shows that globally, urban is about 0.5% of total land area but ranges widely at the regional level, from 0.1% in Oceania to 2.3% in Europe. At the country level, urbanized land varies from about 0.01 to 10%, but is lower than 1% for most (70%) countries. Urbanization follows land mass distribution, as anticipated, with the highest concentration between 30 degrees Nand 45 degrees N latitude and the largest longitudinal peak around 80 degrees W. Based on a sensitivity analysis and comparison with other global urban area products, we found that our global product of urban areas provides a reliable estimate of global urban areas and offers the potential for producing a time-series of urban area maps for temporal dynamics analyses. C1 [Zhou, Yuyu; Smith, Steven J.; Thomson, Allison; Bond-Lamberty, Ben; Asrar, Ghassem R.; Zhang, Xuesong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zhao, Kaiguang] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Imhoff, Marc] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [He, Chunyang] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Elvidge, Christopher D.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Earth Observat Grp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Zhou, YY (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Yuyu.zhou@pnnl.gov RI Bond-Lamberty, Ben/C-6058-2008; zhang, xuesong/B-7907-2009; Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009; Zhao, Kaiguang/D-1172-2010 OI Bond-Lamberty, Ben/0000-0001-9525-4633; FU NASA [NNH11ZDA001N-LCLUC] FX We acknowledge the funding support from NASA ROSES LAND-COVER / LAND-USE CHANGE program (NNH11ZDA001N-LCLUC). We thank Dr Yaling Liu for a very useful internal review, and the many colleagues and organizations that shared data used in this project. The global map of urban area extent produced in this study can be requested from yuyu.zhou@pnnl.gov. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 51 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 10 IS 5 AR 054011 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/10/5/054011 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ0XA UT WOS:000355201800013 ER PT J AU Yasumiishi, EM Criddle, KR Hillgruber, N Mueter, FJ Helle, JH AF Yasumiishi, Ellen M. Criddle, Keith R. Hillgruber, Nicola Mueter, Franz J. Helle, John H. TI Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) growth and temperature indices as indicators of the year-class strength of age-1 walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) in the eastern Bering Sea SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE indicators; recruitment; salmon; walleye pollock ID OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; PINK SALMON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOCKEYE-SALMON; BRISTOL BAY; ENVIRONMENT; VARIABILITY; GORBUSCHA AB Ecosystem-based fisheries management requires the development of physical and biological time series that index ocean productivity for stock assessment and recruitment forecasts for commercially important species. As recruitment in marine fish is related to ocean condition, we developed proxies for ocean conditions based on sea surface temperature (SST) and biometric measurements of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) captured in the walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) fishery in the eastern Bering Sea in three periods (July 16-30, September 1-15 and September 16-30). The main purpose of this paper was to evaluate Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) growth as a possible indicator of ocean conditions that, in turn, may affect age-1 walleye pollock recruitment. Marine growth rates of Pacific salmon are the result of a complex interplay of physical, biological and population-based factors that fish experience as they range through oceanic habitats. These growth rates can, therefore, be viewed as indicators of recent ocean productivity. Thus, our hypothesis was that estimated intra-annual growth in body weight of immature and maturing age-4 male and female chum salmon may be used as a biological indicator of variations in rearing conditions also experienced by age-0 walleye pollock; consequently, they may be used to predict the recruitment to age-1 in walleye pollock. Summer SSTs and chum salmon growth at the end of July and September explained the largest amount of variability in walleye pollock recruitment indicating that physical and biological indices of ocean productivity can index fish recruitment. C1 [Yasumiishi, Ellen M.; Criddle, Keith R.; Hillgruber, Nicola; Mueter, Franz J.; Helle, John H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Yasumiishi, Ellen M.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Ted Stevens Marine Res, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Hillgruber, Nicola] Thunen Inst Fisheries Ecol, D-22926 Ahrensburg, Germany. RP Yasumiishi, EM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ellen.yasumiishi@noaa.gov RI Criddle, Keith/P-7080-2016 OI Criddle, Keith/0000-0001-9347-2944 FU Auke Bay Laboratories; National Marine Fisheries, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); NOAA Advanced Studies Program, Professional Development program FX Funding for this project was provided by the Auke Bay Laboratories, National Marine Fisheries, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the NOAA Advanced Studies Program, Professional Development program. We greatly appreciate the time and effort to collect samples made by the observers onboard the commercial fishing vessels. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 24 IS 3 BP 242 EP 256 DI 10.1111/fog.12108 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA CJ1WH UT WOS:000355275100004 ER PT J AU Gedanitz, H Davila, MJ Lemmon, EW AF Gedanitz, Holger Davila, Maria J. Lemmon, Eric W. TI Speed of Sound Measurements and a Fundamental Equation of State for Cyclopentane SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIUM; ORGANIC LIQUIDS; HEAT-CAPACITY; PRESSURES; TEMPERATURES; HYDROCARBONS; VISCOSITY; DENSITY; ENTROPY AB The speed of sound in liquid cyclopentane has been measured in the temperature range from (258 to 353) K at pressures up to 30 MPa (42 data points) using a pulse-echo method with a double path type sensor. The expanded overall uncertainty (k = 2) in the speed of sound measurements is estimated to be 0.2 %. A function for the speed of sound with inputs of temperature and pressure has been fitted to the experimental results. The new speed of sound data along with available literature data were used to develop a fundamental Helmholtz equation of state for cyclopentane. Typical expanded uncertainties of properties calculated using the new equations are 0.2 % in density in the liquid phase, 1 % in heat capacity, 0.2 % in liquid-phase sound speed, and 0.5 % in vapor pressure. The equation of state is valid from the triple-point temperature, 179.7 K, to temperatures of 550 K with pressures to 250 MPa. C1 [Gedanitz, Holger; Davila, Maria J.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Thermodynam, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Lemmon, Eric W.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lemmon, EW (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Eric.Lemmon@nist.gov FU Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (Spain) FX The authors are grateful to the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (Spain) for the financial support granted to M. J. Davila and to R. Span. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD MAY PY 2015 VL 60 IS 5 BP 1331 EP 1337 DI 10.1021/je5010164 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA CI6ZF UT WOS:000354912000014 ER PT J AU Carande, WH Kazakov, A Muzny, C Frenkel, M AF Carande, Wendy Hawley Kazakov, Andrei Muzny, Chris Frenkel, Michael TI Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship Predictions of Critical Properties and Acentric Factors for Pure Compounds SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID IMPORTANT ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; NORMAL BOILING-POINT; XML-BASED APPROACH; CRITICAL-TEMPERATURES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; THERMODYNAMIC MODELS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; QSPR; REGRESSION; ALGORITHM AB Knowledge of critical constants and phase boundary pressure properties is essential to understanding thermodynamic behavior of substances and is often required in practical process design applications. Where critically evaluated data are unavailable, a quantitative structureproperty relationship (QSPR) regression method can be used to relate molecular properties (descriptors) to properties of interest. The relationship is trained and tested using existing critically evaluated data and is dynamic; as new data become available, the relationship can be updated to reflect changes. In this work, we use support vector regression (SVR) to develop estimation methods for critical properties and acentric factors based on critically evaluated data for over 900 pure compounds. From three-dimensional geometry and connectivity information, we calculate over 500 descriptors for each compound. A matrix of descriptor values defines the input vectors for SVR, whereas critically evaluated data for critical temperature, the ratio of critical temperature to critical pressure, and saturation reduced pressure form the targets. We determine optimal SVR parameters by minimizing the sum of absolute deviations between the SVR outputs and the target values. We use a genetic algorithm to find the Pareto front points that optimize the output fit while reducing the number of input vectors (descriptors). We use a single Pareto front point to make a final evaluation in SVR. To define uncertainties of predicted values, we use uncertainty propagation calculations based on a Monte Carlo method that employs Latin hypercube sampling. C1 [Carande, Wendy Hawley; Kazakov, Andrei; Muzny, Chris; Frenkel, Michael] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Carande, Wendy Hawley] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Carande, WH (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway,MS 647, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM wendy.carande@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-EE0002057]; Professional Research Experience Program (PREP) Postdoctoral Fellowship; University of Colorado at Boulder; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This research was funded in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, under Grant No. DE-EE0002057, and by the Professional Research Experience Program (PREP) Postdoctoral Fellowship, a collaboration between the University of Colorado at Boulder and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD MAY PY 2015 VL 60 IS 5 BP 1377 EP 1387 DI 10.1021/je501093v PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA CI6ZF UT WOS:000354912000020 ER PT J AU Miehls, ALJ Peacor, SD Valliant, L McAdam, AG AF Miehls, A. L. J. Peacor, S. D. Valliant, L. McAdam, A. G. TI Evolutionary stasis despite selection on a heritable trait in an invasive zooplankton SO JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bythotrephes longimanus; heritability; Lake Michigan; natural selection; palaeoecology; phenotypic plasticity ID ALEWIFE ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; CLADOCERAN BYTHOTREPHES-CEDERSTROEMI; LAKE-MICHIGAN; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; PHENOTYPIC SELECTION; LIFE-HISTORY; GREAT-LAKES; INVERTEBRATE PREDATOR; DIRECTIONAL SELECTION AB Invasive species are one of the greatest threats to ecosystems, and there is evidence that evolution plays an important role in the success or failure of invasions. Yet, few studies have measured natural selection and evolutionary responses to selection in invasive species, particularly invasive animals. We quantified the strength of natural selection on the defensive morphology (distal spine) of an invasive zooplankton, Bythotrephes longimanus, in Lake Michigan across multiple months during three growing seasons. We used multiple lines of evidence, including historic and contemporary wild-captured individuals and palaeoecology of retrieved spines, to assess phenotypic change in distal spine length since invasion. We found evidence of temporally variable selection, with selection for decreased distal spine length early in the growing season and selection for increased distal spine length later in the season. This trend in natural selection is consistent with seasonal changes in the relative strength of non-gape-limited and gape-limited fish predation. Yet, despite net selection for increased distal spine length and a known genetic basis for distal spine length, we observed little evidence of an evolutionary response to selection. Multiple factors likely limit an evolutionary response to selection, including genetic correlations, trade-offs between components of fitness, and phenotypic plasticity. C1 [Miehls, A. L. J.; Peacor, S. D.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Miehls, A. L. J.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Valliant, L.; McAdam, A. G.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Miehls, ALJ (reprint author), USGS Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM amiehls@glfc.org FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [FP91698801-0]; National Science Foundation [OCE-0826020]; Michigan State University AgBioResearch FX We thank two anonymous reviewers and Christoph Haag for helpful comments. Doran Mason, Dennis Donahue, Steven Pothoven, and the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory and NOAA Lake Michigan Field Station provided research vessels and field support staff. Donna Kashian and Kevin Pangle coled sediment core collections, and Keali Chambers, Brittany Damschroder, Jason Fischer, Brittany Gunther, Nicole Bolanos, Tyler Joseph, Stefanie Jubb, Lydia Kramer, Ian McCririe, Jennifer Pellegrini, Ariel Porty, Veronica Quesnell, Andria Salas, Ben Staton, Marie Stevenson, Mariam Teimorzadeh, Elizabeth Throckmorton, Brandon Vieder and Miriam Weiss assisted with field collections and laboratory sample processing. Paul Bourdeau and Scott Miehls provided additional methodological assistance. This work was supported by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Science to Achieve Results fellowship No. FP91698801-0) and the National Science Foundation (grant OCE-0826020 to SDP). This work has not been formally reviewed by the EPA, and the views expressed in this document are solely those of the authors. SDP acknowledges support from Michigan State University AgBioResearch. This is contribution number 1754 of the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1010-061X EI 1420-9101 J9 J EVOLUTION BIOL JI J. Evol. Biol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1091 EP 1102 DI 10.1111/jeb.12632 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA CI8HQ UT WOS:000355012700010 PM 25833682 ER PT J AU Dixson, R Ng, BP Bonnaud, X Orji, N AF Dixson, Ronald Ng, Boon Ping Bonnaud, Xavier Orji, Ndubuisi TI Interactions of higher order tip effects in critical dimension-AFM linewidth metrology SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION; PROBE MICROSCOPY AB A major challenge in critical dimension atomic force microscope width metrology is accounting for the effects of the tip on the apparent features in an image. The overall effect of the tip is to broaden the apparent width of lines and narrow the apparent width of trenches as a result of the geometrical interaction of the tip with the surface. To a first approximation, this effect can be well-modeled as a constant bias in width measurements, independent of the specific feature characteristics, by the width of the tip. Beyond this approximation, there are a number of smaller tip effects related to the measurement details. Some of these result from the details and interactions of the tip shape and feature shape, resulting in small variations of the tip bias from feature to feature and measurement to measurement. These effects are sometimes called shape effects, secondary effects, or higher order tip effects. One source of higher order effects is due to the lateral dithering of the tip, which increases the effective tip width. However, in addition to this known effect, the tip dither may also affect the apparent edge heights of the tip flare. Although the apparent tip width is expected to depend on lateral dither, the apparent edge height, at least in principle, would not be expected to depend on lateral dither. Our analysis suggests that this apparent dependence results from the interaction of the fine details of the tip flare shape and the dither envelope with the specific algorithm used to estimate the edge height. Consequently, both the sign and the magnitude of the dependence are specific to every tip. This is one example of the inter-dependencies that can be present when evaluating higher-order tip effects. Although these are often small, accurate metrology in some applications may require consideration of possible interactions between such smaller, secondary tip effects. The authors illustrate this with examples from photomask metrology, where measurement of chrome features on binary masks requires some attention to secondary tip effects. (C) 2015 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Dixson, Ronald; Bonnaud, Xavier; Orji, Ndubuisi] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ng, Boon Ping] Singapore Inst Mfg Technol, Singapore 638075, Singapore. RP Dixson, R (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rdixson@nist.gov FU Semiconductor and Dimensional Metrology Division (SDMD) of the NIST Physical Measurement Laboratory (PML); Singapore Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR) Graduate Academy FX Certain commercial equipment is identified in this paper to adequately describe the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the equipment identified is necessarily the best available for the purpose. This work was supported by the Semiconductor and Dimensional Metrology Division (SDMD) of the NIST Physical Measurement Laboratory (PML). Boon Ping Ng acknowledges support from the Singapore Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR) Graduate Academy. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY PY 2015 VL 33 IS 3 AR 031806 DI 10.1116/1.4919090 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA CI8HJ UT WOS:000355011700041 ER PT J AU Zheng, C Li, X Shull, RD Chen, PJ Pong, PWT AF Zheng, C. Li, X. Shull, R. D. Chen, P. J. Pong, P. W. T. TI Comprehensive noise characterisation of magnetic tunnel junction sensors for optimising sensor performance and temperature detection SO MATERIALS RESEARCH INNOVATIONS LA English DT Article DE Magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ); Noise performance; Electronic 1/f noise; Temperature detection ID LOW-FREQUENCY NOISE; DEPENDENCE AB Noise performance of magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) sensors is impacted by various factors including junction structure, post-deposition treatment, and operating parameters. The optimisation of these factors can lead to a better MTJ sensor design with minimised noise level and enhanced detectivity for functioning as a magnetometer. In this paper, the authors studied the influence of several parameters (bias voltage, temperature, magnetic field, and junction area) on the noise performance of MTJ sensors. Relatively high bias voltage and low ambient temperature were suggested to be helpful in reducing the electronic 1/f noise. A mechanism of utilising MTJ as a temperature sensor by making use of the mid-frequency noise (from 10.0 kHz to 22.8 kHz) was proposed. The relation between temperature and noise power was obtained by numerically fitting the measured noise power with an equation composing of three components representing background noise, intertwined thermal and shot noise, and non-linear noise source, respectively. Temperature of the junction could be determined by measuring the mid-frequency noise power at certain bias voltage and substituting it into the equation. This provides a possible route of using a MTJ as a multifunctional sensor for sensing both magnetic field and temperature. C1 [Zheng, C.; Li, X.; Pong, P. W. T.] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Shull, R. D.; Chen, P. J.] NIST, Funct Nanostruct Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pong, PWT (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM ppong@eee.hku.hk OI Li, Xu/0000-0002-0377-2925 FU University of Hong Kong; RGC-GRF [HKU 704911P]; ITF [ITS/104/13]; University Grants Committee of Hong Kong [AoE/P-04/08] FX This work was supported by the Seed Funding Program for Basic Research and Small Project Funding from the University of Hong Kong, the RGC-GRF grant (HKU 704911P), ITF Tier 3 Funding (ITS/104/13), and University Grants Committee of Hong Kong (Contract No. AoE/P-04/08). NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1432-8917 EI 1433-075X J9 MATER RES INNOV JI Mater. Res. Innov. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 19 SU 3 BP S353 EP S357 DI 10.1179/1432891715Z.0000000001427 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CJ1QW UT WOS:000355260100013 ER PT J AU Noll, G Hogeweg, M AF Noll, Guy Hogeweg, Marten TI Big Data Management At Port of Rotterdam Using a GIS Platform to Streamline IT at Growing Maritime Hub SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Noll, Guy] NOAA, Sci Fleet Operat Management, Hydrog Survey & Naut Charting Technol, Miami, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 56 IS 5 BP 31 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA CJ0IK UT WOS:000355158800006 ER PT J AU Krogstad, DV Wang, DB Lin-Gibson, S AF Krogstad, Daniel V. Wang, Dongbo Lin-Gibson, Sheng TI Kinetics of Aggregation and Crystallization of Polyaspartic Acid Stabilized Calcium Phosphate Particles at High Concentrations SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID BONE APATITE FORMATION; ORIENTED-ATTACHMENT; COLLAGEN FIBRILS; HYDROXYAPATITE NUCLEATION; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; MINERALIZATION; SIALOPROTEIN; OSTEOPONTIN AB Bone is in important material to study due to its exceptional mechanical propeties and relevance with respect to hard tissue regeneration and repair. A significant effort Is been directed toward understanding the bone formation process and the production of synthetic bone, mimicking materials. Here, the formation and structural evolution Of calcium,phosphate,(CaP) was investigated in the presence of relatively high concentrations of calcium;. phosphate; and polyaspartic add (pAsp) using dynamic light scattering (DES) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). The incipient CaP aggregates were comprised of spherical nanopartides (diameter approximate to 3-4 nm); they became preferentially aligned over time and eventually transformed into nanorods. The nanorods remained stable in suspension with no signs of further aggregation for at least four months. Detailed cryo-TEM suggested that the CaP nanorods formed through an oriented attachment mechanism These results show that the reaction concentration greatly influences the mechanism and final properties of CaP. Mechanistic insights gained froth this study will facilitate better design and fabrication of bioinspired materials. C1 [Krogstad, Daniel V.; Wang, Dongbo; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lin-Gibson, S (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sheng.lin-gibson@nist.gov FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) [Y1-DE-7005-01]; NIST [Y1-DE-7005-01]; NIST-National Research Council (NRC) Research Associate Program FX This work is supported by an Interagency Agreement between National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) and NIST (Y1-DE-7005-01). D.V.K. acknowledges the NIST-National Research Council (NRC) Research Associate Program for postdoctoral support. Research performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. We thank Steven Hudson, John Bonevich, and Alline Meyer for their assistance with cryo-TEM and HRTEM. We thank Vivek Prabhu for assistance with DLS. Official contribution of NIST; not subject to copyrights in U.S.A. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 EI 1526-4602 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD MAY PY 2015 VL 16 IS 5 BP 1550 EP 1555 DI 10.1021/bm501725t PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA CI1KS UT WOS:000354503700012 PM 25901665 ER PT J AU Lewison, RL Hobday, AJ Maxwell, S Hazen, E Hartog, JR Dunn, DC Briscoe, D Fossette, S O'Keefe, CE Barnes, M Abecassis, M Bograd, S Bethoney, ND Bailey, H Wiley, D Andrews, S Hazen, L Crowder, LB AF Lewison, Rebecca L. Hobday, Alistair J. Maxwell, Sara Hazen, Elliott Hartog, Jason R. Dunn, Daniel C. Briscoe, Dana Fossette, Sabrina O'Keefe, Catherine E. Barnes, Michele Abecassis, Melanie Bograd, Steven Bethoney, N. David Bailey, Helen Wiley, David Andrews, Samantha Hazen, Lucie Crowder, Larry B. TI Dynamic Ocean Management: Identifying the Critical Ingredients of Dynamic Approaches to Ocean Resource Management SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bycatch; sustainable fisheries; stakeholder involvement; remotely sensed data; data integration ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; SOUTHERN BLUEFIN TUNA; SEA-TURTLE BYCATCH; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; SPATIAL MANAGEMENT; LONGLINE FISHERY; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; DNA VARIATION; CONSERVATION; HABITAT AB Dynamic ocean management, or management that uses near real-time data to guide the spatial distribution of commercial activities, is an emerging approach to balance ocean resource use and conservation. Employing a wide range of data types, dynamic ocean management can be used to meet multiple objectives for example, managing target quota, bycatch reduction, and reducing interactions with species of conservation concern. Here, we present several prominent examples of dynamic ocean management that highlight the utility, achievements, challenges, and potential of this approach. Regulatory frameworks and incentive structures, stakeholder participation, and technological applications that align with user capabilities are identified as key ingredients to support successful implementation. By addressing the variability inherent in ocean systems, dynamic ocean management represents a new approach to tackle the pressing challenges of managing a fluid and complex environment. C1 [Lewison, Rebecca L.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, Coastal Marine Labs, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Hobday, Alistair J.; Hartog, Jason R.; Andrews, Samantha] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Maxwell, Sara] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Briscoe, Dana; Crowder, Larry B.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Hazen, Elliott; Fossette, Sabrina; Bograd, Steven] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA USA. [Dunn, Daniel C.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Marine Geospatial Ecol Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [O'Keefe, Catherine E.; Bethoney, N. David] Univ Massachusetts, Dartmouth Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Fairhaven, MA USA. [Barnes, Michele] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Abecassis, Melanie] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bailey, Helen] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD USA. [Wiley, David] NOAA, NOS, Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, Scituate, MA USA. [Hazen, Lucie; Crowder, Larry B.] Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA USA. RP Lewison, RL (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, Coastal Marine Labs, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RI Hobday, Alistair/A-1460-2012; Bailey, Helen/E-6813-2012; OI Hobday, Alistair/0000-0002-3194-8326; Bailey, Helen/0000-0001-7445-4687; Dunn, Daniel/0000-0001-8932-0681; Lewison, Rebecca/0000-0003-3065-2926; Maxwell, Sara/0000-0002-4425-9378 FU Center for Ocean Solutions; NASA [NNH12ZDA001N-ECOF] FX This article was the product of a Center for Ocean Solutions workshop on Dynamic Ocean Management held in December 2013. Funding for this effort was provided by the Center for Ocean Solutions and by NASA Earth Science Division/Applied Sciences Program's ROSES-2012 A.36 Ecological Forecasting (NNH12ZDA001N-ECOF). NR 91 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 8 U2 44 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD MAY PY 2015 VL 65 IS 5 BP 486 EP 498 DI 10.1093/biosci/biv018 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA CI4XD UT WOS:000354756300007 ER PT J AU Scheuerell, MD Buhle, ER Semmens, BX Ford, MJ Cooney, T Carmichael, RW AF Scheuerell, Mark D. Buhle, Eric R. Semmens, Brice X. Ford, Michael J. Cooney, Tom Carmichael, Richard W. TI Analyzing large-scale conservation interventions with Bayesian hierarchical models: a case study of supplementing threatened Pacific salmon SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Before-after control-impact; captive breeding; hatchery; multivariate; salmon; supplementation; time series ID ECOSYSTEM EXPERIMENTS; POPULATION VIABILITY; ONCORHYNCHUS SPP.; SPATIAL SCALES; IMPACT; WILD; ENHANCEMENT; VARIABILITY; PROTECTION; MANAGEMENT AB Myriad human activities increasingly threaten the existence of many species. A variety of conservation interventions such as habitat restoration, protected areas, and captive breeding have been used to prevent extinctions. Evaluating the effectiveness of these interventions requires appropriate statistical methods, given the quantity and quality of available data. Historically, analysis of variance has been used with some form of predetermined before-after control-impact design to estimate the effects of large-scale experiments or conservation interventions. However, ad hoc retrospective study designs or the presence of random effects at multiple scales may preclude the use of these tools. We evaluated the effects of a large-scale supplementation program on the density of adult Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from the Snake River basin in the northwestern United States currently listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. We analyzed 43years of data from 22 populations, accounting for random effects across time and space using a form of Bayesian hierarchical time-series model common in analyses of financial markets. We found that varying degrees of supplementation over a period of 25years increased the density of natural-origin adults, on average, by 0-8% relative to nonsupplementation years. Thirty-nine of the 43year effects were at least two times larger in magnitude than the mean supplementation effect, suggesting common environmental variables play a more important role in driving interannual variability in adult density. Additional residual variation in density varied considerably across the region, but there was no systematic difference between supplemented and reference populations. Our results demonstrate the power of hierarchical Bayesian models to detect the diffuse effects of management interventions and to quantitatively describe the variability of intervention success. Nevertheless, our study could not address whether ecological factors (e.g., competition) were more important than genetic considerations (e.g., inbreeding depression) in determining the response to supplementation. C1 [Scheuerell, Mark D.; Buhle, Eric R.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Semmens, Brice X.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Ford, Michael J.; Cooney, Tom] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Carmichael, Richard W.] Eastern Oregon Univ, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Northeast Cent Oregon Res & Monitoring, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Scheuerell, MD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM mark.scheuerell@noaa.gov RI Scheuerell, Mark/N-6683-2016 OI Scheuerell, Mark/0000-0002-8284-1254 NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 5 IS 10 BP 2115 EP 2125 DI 10.1002/ece3.1509 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CI5QC UT WOS:000354812500015 PM 26045960 ER PT J AU Joy, R Dowd, MG Battaile, BC Lestenkof, PM Sterling, JT Trites, AW Routledge, RD AF Joy, Ruth Dowd, Michael G. Battaile, Brian C. Lestenkof, Pamela M. Sterling, Jeremy T. Trites, Andrew W. Routledge, Richard D. TI Linking northern fur seal dive behavior to environmental variables in the eastern Bering Sea SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Bayesian hierarchical model; Bering Sea; Callorhinus ursinus; diel pattern; error-in-covariates; Gadus chalogramma; Pribilof Islands ID INDIVIDUAL ANIMAL MOVEMENT; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; MARINE PREDATOR; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; MIGRATORY MOVEMENTS; FINE-SCALE; P-VALUES; DIET AB Northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) breeding on the Pribilof Islands, Alaska have declined dramatically over the past 40 years. Effective conservation of northern fur seals depends on understanding the foraging behavior of adult females whose foraging success is linked to pup survival. We determined the foraging behavior for 11 tagged lactating female northern fur seals from the Pribilof Islands using a state-space modeling approach with an autoregressive movement model. To interpret at-sea behavior in the context of oceanic habitat, we spatially and temporally matched high-resolution reconstructed tracks to a set of environmental covariates that included: commercial groundfish catch, sea surface temperature, primary productivity, wind speed, depth and time of day. We used a Bayesian hierarchical framework to implement a multinomial regression model to link behavior to environmental covariates and account for the mismatch of scale between fur seal behavior and the environmental variables by incorporating an error-in- covariates approach into the hierarchical model. The Bayesian framework allowed us to build a single model to synthesize the information from all the northern fur seal foraging tracks and the available information about the underlying environmental conditions. Application of the approach indicated that the behavioral states for the northern fur seal were significantly related to the Alaska commercial groundfish catch, particularly walleye pollock (Gadus chalogramma). C1 [Joy, Ruth; Routledge, Richard D.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Dowd, Michael G.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. [Battaile, Brian C.; Lestenkof, Pamela M.; Trites, Andrew W.] Univ British Columbia, Marine Mammal Res Unit, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Sterling, Jeremy T.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Joy, R (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM rutherfordjoy@gmail.com FU NSERC Canadian Graduate Scholarship; Tula Foundation Research Scholarship; NSERC; North Pacific Universities Marine Mammal Research consortium; North Pacific Research Board FX R. Joy was supported by an NSERC Canadian Graduate Scholarship (Ph.D.), and a Tula Foundation Research Scholarship. M. G. Dowd and R. D. Routledge were supported by NSERC Discovery Grants. B. C. Battaile, A. W. Trites, and P. M. Lestenkof were supported through the North Pacific Universities Marine Mammal Research consortium. Field work was funded by the North Pacific Research Board and was conducted under the authority of Marine Mammal Protection Act permit Nos. 782-1708, and 1045-1713. Field assistance from the National Marine Mammal Laboratory is gratefully acknowledged. In particular we thank Brian Fadely for his field assistance in 2005. In 2006, we are grateful for the able assistance of Casey Brewer, Tom Gelatt, Steve Insley, Dustin Jones, Nikolai Liebsch, Jim Thomason, Kate Towell, Rod Towell, and Phil Zavadil. We thank an anonymous reviewer whose careful review improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 83 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAY PY 2015 VL 6 IS 5 AR 75 DI 10.1890/ES14-00314.1 PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI5FA UT WOS:000354777800004 ER PT J AU L'Heureux, ML Tippett, MK Barnston, AG AF L'Heureux, Michelle L. Tippett, Michael K. Barnston, Anthony G. TI Characterizing ENSO Coupled Variability and Its Impact on North American Seasonal Precipitation and Temperature SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; EL-NINO; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; FIELD SIGNIFICANCE; OCEAN; CIRCULATION; PATTERNS; CLIMATE AB Two questions are addressed in this paper: whether ENSO can be adequately characterized by simple, seasonally invariant indices and whether the time series of a single component-SST or OLR-provides a sufficiently complete representation of ENSO for the purpose of quantifying U.S. climate impacts. Here, ENSO is defined as the leading mode of seasonally varying canonical correlation analysis (CCA) between anomalies of tropical Pacific SST and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). The CCA reveals that the strongest regions of coupling are mostly invariant as a function of season and correspond to an OLR region located in the central Pacific Ocean (CP-OLR) and an SST region in the eastern Pacific that coincides with the Nino-3 region. In a linear context, the authors explore whether the use of a combined index of these SST and OLR regions explains additional variance of North American temperature and precipitation anomalies beyond that described by using a single index alone. Certain seasons and regions benefit from the use of a combined index. In particular, a combined index describes more variability in winter/spring precipitation and summer temperature. C1 [L'Heureux, Michelle L.] NOAA, Natl Weather Service, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Tippett, Michael K.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Tippett, Michael K.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Ctr Excellence Climate Change Res, Dept Meteorol, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. [Barnston, Anthony G.] Columbia Univ, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Earth Inst, Palisades, NY USA. RP L'Heureux, ML (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court,Rm 3115,W-NP52, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM michelle.lheureux@noaa.gov RI Tippett, Michael/C-6286-2011 OI Tippett, Michael/0000-0002-7790-5364 NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 28 IS 10 BP 4231 EP 4245 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00508.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH9QE UT WOS:000354370100020 ER PT J AU Morrison, AK England, MH Hogg, AM AF Morrison, Adele K. England, Matthew H. Hogg, Andrew McC. TI Response of Southern Ocean Convection and Abyssal Overturning to Surface Buoyancy Perturbations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC BOTTOM WATER; SEA-LEVEL RISE; FRESH-WATER; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GLOBAL HEAT; DEEP; ICE; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY AB This study explores how buoyancy-driven modulations in the abyssal overturning circulation affect Southern Ocean temperature and salinity in an eddy-permitting ocean model. Consistent with previous studies, the modeled surface ocean south of 50 degrees S cools and freshens in response to enhanced surface freshwater fluxes. Paradoxically, upper-ocean cooling also occurs for small increases in the surface relaxation temperature. In both cases, the surface cooling and freshening trends are linked to reduced convection and a slowing of the abyssal overturning circulation, with associated changes in oceanic transport of heat and salt. For small perturbations, convective shutdown does not begin immediately, but instead develops via a slow feedback between the weakened overturning circulation and buoyancy anomalies. Two distinct phases of surface cooling are found: an initial smaller trend associated with the advective (overturning) adjustment of up to similar to 60 yr, followed by more rapid surface cooling during the convective shutdown period. The duration of the first advective phase decreases for larger forcing perturbations. As may be expected during the convective shutdown phase, the deep ocean warms and salinifies for both types of buoyancy perturbation. However, during the advective phase, the deep ocean freshens in response to freshwater perturbations but salinifies in the surface warming perturbations. The magnitudes of the modeled surface and abyssal trends during the advective phase are comparable to the recent observed multidecadal Southern Ocean temperature and salinity changes. C1 [Morrison, Adele K.; Hogg, Andrew McC.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Morrison, Adele K.; Hogg, Andrew McC.] Australian Natl Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [England, Matthew H.] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [England, Matthew H.] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Morrison, AK (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM adelem@princeton.edu RI Hogg, Andy/A-7553-2011 OI Hogg, Andy/0000-0001-5898-7635 FU Australian Research Council [FT120100842, FL100100214]; Australian Commonwealth Government FX AMH was supported by Australian Research Council Future Fellowship FT120100842 and MHE by Australian Research Council Laureate Fellowship FL100100214. The analysis in section 6 is based on data made freely available by the International Argo Program and the national programs that contribute to it (http://www.argo.ucsd.edu). The Argo Program is part of the Global Ocean Observing System. The numerical model was run on the NCI National Facility in Canberra, Australia, which is supported by the Australian Commonwealth Government. We wish to thank Anand Gnanadesikan, Bob Hallberg, and three anonymous reviewers for providing useful feedback on the original manuscript, and Nicola Maher for valuable discussions regarding the observational datasets and trends. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 28 IS 10 BP 4263 EP 4278 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00110.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH9QE UT WOS:000354370100022 ER PT J AU O'Leary, SJ Feldheim, KA Fields, AT Natanson, LJ Wintner, S Hussey, N Shivji, MS Chapman, DD AF O'Leary, Shannon J. Feldheim, Kevin A. Fields, Andrew T. Natanson, Lisa J. Wintner, Sabine Hussey, Nigel Shivji, Mahmood S. Chapman, Demian D. TI Genetic Diversity of White Sharks, Carcharodon carcharias, in the Northwest Atlantic and Southern Africa SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE bottleneck; effective population size Ne; inbreeding ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ANADROMOUS FISHES; FRESH-WATER; MARINE; SOFTWARE; PHILOPATRY AB The white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, is both one of the largest apex predators in the world and among the most heavily protected marine fish. Population genetic diversity is in part shaped by recent demographic history and can thus provide information complementary to more traditional population assessments, which are difficult to obtain for white sharks and have at times been controversial. Here, we use the mitochondrial control region and 14 nuclear-encoded microsatellite loci to assess white shark genetic diversity in 2 regions: the Northwest Atlantic (NWA, N = 35) and southern Africa (SA, N = 131). We find that these 2 regions harbor genetically distinct white shark populations (I broken vertical bar (ST) = 0.10, P < 0.00001; microsatellite F (ST) = 0.1057, P < 0.021). M-ratios were low and indicative of a genetic bottleneck in the NWA (M-ratio = 0.71, P < 0.004) but not SA (M-ratio = 0.85, P = 0.39). This is consistent with other evidence showing a steep population decline occurring in the mid to late 20th century in the NWA, whereas the SA population appears to have been relatively stable. Estimates of effective population size ranged from 22.6 to 66.3 (NWA) and 188 to 1998.3 (SA) and evidence of inbreeding was found (primarily in NWA). Overall, our findings indicate that white population dynamics within NWA and SA are determined more by intrinsic reproduction than immigration and there is genetic evidence of a population decline in the NWA, further justifying the strong domestic protective measures that have been taken for this species in this region. Our study also highlights how assessment of genetic diversity can complement other sources of information to better understand the status of threatened marine fish populations. C1 [O'Leary, Shannon J.; Fields, Andrew T.; Chapman, Demian D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11394 USA. [Feldheim, Kevin A.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Pritzker Lab Mol Systemat & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Natanson, Lisa J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Apex Predators Program, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Wintner, Sabine] KwaZulu Natal Sharks Board, ZA-4000 Durban, South Africa. [Wintner, Sabine] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Biomed Resource Unit, ZA-4000 Durban, South Africa. [Hussey, Nigel] Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Shivji, Mahmood S.] Nova SE Univ, Save Our Seas Shark Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33004 USA. [Shivji, Mahmood S.] Nova SE Univ, Guy Harvey Res Inst, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33004 USA. [Chapman, Demian D.] Inst Ocean Conservat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP O'Leary, SJ (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11394 USA. EM shannon.O'Leary@tamucc.edu FU Pew Charitable Trust; Institute for Ocean Conservation Science; Roe Foundation; Hai Stiftung/Shark Foundation; Pritzker Foundation FX The Pew Charitable Trust, Institute for Ocean Conservation Science, and the Roe Foundation (to D.D.C.). Hai Stiftung/Shark Foundation (to M.S.S.). Microsatellite analysis was carried out in the Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution operated with support from the Pritzker Foundation. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 65 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 EI 1465-7333 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAY-JUN PY 2015 VL 106 IS 3 BP 258 EP 265 DI 10.1093/jhered/esv001 PG 8 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA CI4DJ UT WOS:000354696700005 PM 25762777 ER PT J AU Guan, SN Lin, TH Chou, LS Vignola, J Judge, J Turo, D AF Guan, Shane Lin, Tzu-Hao Chou, Lien-Siang Vignola, Joseph Judge, John Turo, Diego TI Dynamics of soundscape in a shallow water marine environment: A study of the habitat of the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EASTERN TAIWAN STRAIT; SOUSA-CHINENSIS; UNDERWATER SOUND; GENERATED NOISE; COASTAL WATERS; SHIPPING NOISE; AMBIENT NOISE; PATTERNS; CONSERVATION; SCIAENIDAE AB The underwater acoustic field is an important ecological element for many aquatic animals. This research examines the soundscape of a critically endangered Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin population in the shallow water environment off the west coast of Taiwan. Underwater acoustic recordings were conducted between late spring and late fall in 2012 at Yunlin (YL), which is close to a shipping lane, and Waisanding (WS), which is relatively pristine. Site-specific analyses were performed on the dynamics of the temporal and spectral acoustic characteristics for both locations. The results highlight the dynamics of the soundscape in two major octave bands: 150-300 Hz and 1.2-2.4 kHz. The acoustic energy in the former frequency band is mainly associated with passing container vessels near YL, while the latter frequency band is from sonic fish chorus at nighttime in both recording sites. In addition, large variation of low frequency acoustic energy throughout the study period was noticed at WS, where the water depths ranged between 1.5 and 4.5m depending on tidal cycle. This phenomenon suggests that besides certain sound sources in the environment, the coastal soundscape may also be influenced by its local bathymetry and the dynamics of the physical environment. (C) 2015 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Guan, Shane] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Lin, Tzu-Hao; Chou, Lien-Siang] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Guan, Shane; Vignola, Joseph; Judge, John; Turo, Diego] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Mech Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Guan, SN (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, 1315 East West Highway,SSMC 3 Suite 13826, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM shane.guan@noaa.gov OI Chou, Lien-Siang/0000-0003-4610-5257 FU Taiwan (ROC) Council of Agriculture Forestry Bureau FX The authors thank Li-Cing Mei, Long-Jhen Lin, and Siou-Syong Wu, the Captain, and divers of the research vessel and many research assistants and students from the Cetacean Lab of the National Taiwan University for their assistance in field data collection. Aldo Glean provided crucial technical support during our data analysis. This work was supported in part by the Taiwan (ROC) Council of Agriculture Forestry Bureau. NR 68 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 31 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 137 IS 5 BP 2939 EP 2949 DI 10.1121/1.4919312 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA CI7RU UT WOS:000354962900045 PM 25994720 ER PT J AU Van Kirk, KF Quinn, TJ Collie, JS A'Mar, ZT AF Van Kirk, Kray F. Quinn, Terrance J., II Collie, Jeremy S. A'Mar, Z. T. TI ASSESSING UNCERTAINTY IN A MULTISPECIES AGE-STRUCTURED ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK: THE EFFECTS OF DATA LIMITATIONS AND MODEL ASSUMPTIONS SO NATURAL RESOURCE MODELING LA English DT Article DE Multispecies; predation; Gulf of Alaska; walleye pollock; arrowtooth flounder; Pacific cod; stock assessment; Pacific halibut; Steller sea lion ID FISHERIES STOCK ASSESSMENT; NATURAL MORTALITY-RATE; PREDATION MORTALITY; PERFORMANCE; MANAGEMENT; SEA AB Performance of a multispecies age-structured assessment (MSASA) model in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) relative to changes in data and model assumptions was examined through simulation exercises. Species included arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias), Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis), and Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus). Age-specific predation mortality was estimated as a flexible function of predator and prey abundances and fitted to diet data. Simulated data sets were constructed by applying random error to estimates of catch, survey, and diet data from an operating model, whose structure was identical to that of the estimating model. Simulations explored the effects of data variability, mismatched assumptions regarding model structure, and lack of diet data on model performance. Model misspecification and uninformative diet data had the greatest influence on model performance. Given the current emphasis on the development of ecosystem-based models and management, prioritizing the rigorous sampling of diet data would best facilitate the development of predation models useful to management agencies. C1 [Van Kirk, Kray F.; Quinn, Terrance J., II] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Collie, Jeremy S.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [A'Mar, Z. T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Van Kirk, KF (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM kfvankirk@alaska.edu; Terry.Quinn@alaska.edu; jcollie@gso.uri.edu; Teresa.Amar@noaa.gov FU Pollock Conservation Cooperative Research Center, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska; Alaska Sea Grant; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Sea Grant, US Department of Commerce [NA 16RG2321, R/31-11, 14]; University of Alaska; Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ1224] FX This work was funded by the Pollock Conservation Cooperative Research Center, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska. However, the findings and conclusions presented by the authors are their own and do not necessarily reflect the views or positions of the AFSC or the University of Alaska.; This publication is also the result of research sponsored by Alaska Sea Grant with funds provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Sea Grant, US Department of Commerce, under grant no. NA 16RG2321 (project no. R/31-11, 14), and from the University of Alaska with funds appropriated from the State.; This publication is also the result in part of research and education sponsored by the Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research with funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under cooperative agreement NA17RJ1224 with the University of Alaska. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0890-8575 EI 1939-7445 J9 NAT RESOUR MODEL JI Nat. Resour. Model. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 28 IS 2 BP 184 EP 205 DI 10.1111/nrm.12063 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA CI8ER UT WOS:000355002700005 ER PT J AU Pepin, N Bradley, RS Diaz, HF Baraer, M Caceres, EB Forsythe, N Fowler, H Greenwood, G Hashmi, MZ Liu, XD Miller, JR Ning, L Ohmura, A Palazzi, E Rangwala, I Schoner, W Severskiy, I Shahgedanova, M Wang, MB Williamson, SN Yang, DQ AF Pepin, N. Bradley, R. S. Diaz, H. F. Baraer, M. Caceres, E. B. Forsythe, N. Fowler, H. Greenwood, G. Hashmi, M. Z. Liu, X. D. Miller, J. R. Ning, L. Ohmura, A. Palazzi, E. Rangwala, I. Schoener, W. Severskiy, I. Shahgedanova, M. Wang, M. B. Williamson, S. N. Yang, D. Q. CA Mt Res Initiative EDW Working Grp TI Elevation-dependent warming in mountain regions of the world SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Review ID SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; WATER-VAPOR FEEDBACK; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TIBETAN PLATEAU; NORTHWESTERN HIMALAYA; AMERICAN CORDILLERA; TROPICAL ANDES; SNOW COVER; TRENDS; MODEL AB There is growing evidence that the rate of warming is amplified with elevation, such that high-mountain environments experience more rapid changes in temperature than environments at lower elevations. Elevation-dependent warming (EDW) can accelerate the rate of change in mountain ecosystems, cryospheric systems, hydrological regimes and biodiversity. Here we review important mechanisms that contribute towards EDW: snow albedo and surface-based feedbacks; water vapour changes and latent heat release; surface water vapour and radiative flux changes; surface heat loss and temperature change; and aerosols. All lead to enhanced warming with elevation (or at a critical elevation), and it is believed that combinations of these mechanisms may account for contrasting regional patterns of EDW. We discuss future needs to increase knowledge of mountain temperature trends and their controlling mechanisms through improved observations, satellite-based remote sensing and model simulations. C1 [Pepin, N.] Univ Portsmouth, Dept Geog, Portsmouth PO1 3HE, Hants, England. [Bradley, R. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Climate Syst Res Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Diaz, H. F.] NOAA, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Baraer, M.] ETS Univ Quebec, Montreal, PQ H3C 1K3, Canada. [Caceres, E. B.] Inst Nacl Meterol & Hidrol, Quito, Ecuador. [Forsythe, N.; Fowler, H.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Civil Engn & Geosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Greenwood, G.] Univ Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Hashmi, M. Z.] Global Change Impact Studies Ctr, Water Resources Sect, Islamabad, Pakistan. [Liu, X. D.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, SKLLQG, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Liu, X. D.] CAS Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Miller, J. R.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Ning, L.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Ohmura, A.] ETH, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Palazzi, E.] CNR, ISAC, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Rangwala, I.] NOAA ESRL, Div Phys Sci, CIRES Western Water Assessment, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schoener, W.] Graz Univ, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Severskiy, I.] Inst Geog, Alma Ata 050010, Kazakhstan. [Shahgedanova, M.] Univ Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, Berks, England. [Wang, M. B.] Shanxi Univ, Taiyuan 030006, Peoples R China. [Williamson, S. N.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB TG6 2R3, Canada. [Yang, D. Q.] Environm Canada, Natl Hydrol Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. RP Pepin, N (reprint author), Univ Portsmouth, Dept Geog, Buckingham Bldg,Lion Terrace, Portsmouth PO1 3HE, Hants, England. RI Liu, Xiaodong/E-9512-2011; Palazzi, Elisa/C-7048-2015; Shahgedanova, Maria/D-3900-2011; OI Liu, Xiaodong/0000-0003-0355-5610; Forsythe, Nathan Daniel/0000-0002-4593-8233; Schoner, Wolfgang/0000-0001-6546-0639; Palazzi, Elisa/0000-0003-1683-5267; Shahgedanova, Maria/0000-0002-2320-3885; Fowler, Hayley/0000-0001-8848-3606 FU Mountain Research Initiative FX We acknowledge the Mountain Research Initiative for funding an international workshop in Payerbach Austria in April 2014 on elevation-dependent warming at which the idea for this paper was conceived and drafted. NR 86 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 44 U2 144 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 5 IS 5 BP 424 EP 430 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE2563 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CI6SO UT WOS:000354891900017 ER PT J AU Fu, TM Zheng, YQ Paulot, F Mao, JQ Yantosca, RM AF Fu, Tzung-May Zheng, Yiqi Paulot, Fabien Mao, Jingqiu Yantosca, Robert M. TI Positive but variable sensitivity of August surface ozone to large-scale warming in the southeast United States SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; MULTIMODEL; CHEMISTRY; NITRATES; IMPACTS; TRENDS AB Surface ozone, a major air pollutant toxic to humans and damaging to ecosystems(1,2), is produced by the oxidation of volatile organic compounds in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) and sunlight. Climate warming may affect future surface ozone levels(3-6) even in the absence of anthropogenic emission changes, but the direction of ozone change due to climate warming remains uncertain over the southeast US and other polluted forested areas(3-10). Here we use observations and simulations to diagnose the sensitivity of August surface ozone to large-scale temperature variations in the southeast US during 1988-2011. We show that the enhanced biogenic emissions and the accelerated photochemical reaction rates associated with warmer temperatures both act to increase surface ozone. However, the sensitivity of surface ozone to large-scale warming is highly variable on interannual and interdecadal timescales owing to variation in regional ozone advection. Our results have important implications for the prediction and management of future ozone air quality. C1 [Fu, Tzung-May; Zheng, Yiqi] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Lab Climate & Ocean Atmosphere Studies, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Zheng, Yiqi] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Paulot, Fabien; Mao, Jingqiu] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Paulot, Fabien; Mao, Jingqiu] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Yantosca, Robert M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Fu, TM (reprint author), Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Lab Climate & Ocean Atmosphere Studies, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM tmfu@pku.edu.cn RI Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Fu, Tzung-May/N-3418-2015 OI Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2014CB441303]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41222035, 41175101]; Harvard University Center for the Environment; NOAA Climate Program Office [NA13OAR4310071]; NASA Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program FX T-M.F. was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2014CB441303) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41222035, 41175101). F.P. was supported by the Harvard University Center for the Environment. J.M. was supported in part by the NOAA Climate Program Office (NA13OAR4310071). GEOS-Chem is managed by the Harvard University Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group with support from the NASA Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program. We thank M. Cooper and R. Martin of Dalhousie University for providing the 2.5 degrees x 2 degrees resolution MERRA data. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 31 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 5 IS 5 BP 454 EP 458 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE2567 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CI6SO UT WOS:000354891900024 ER PT J AU Matei, I Gueye, A Baras, JS AF Matei, Ion Gueye, Assane Baras, John S. TI Flow control in time-varying, random supply chains SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART E-LOGISTICS AND TRANSPORTATION REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Supply chains; Distributed optimization; Stochastic optimization; Flow management ID NETWORK DESIGN; RELIABILITY EVALUATION; DISRUPTIONS; UNCERTAINTY; MODEL AB This paper focuses on the logistics aspect of supply chain management. It proposes a randomized flow management algorithm for a time-varying, random, supply chain network. A constrained stochastic optimization problem that maximizes the profit function in terms of the long-run, time-average of the flows in the supply chain is formulated. The algorithm is distributed and based on queueing theory and stochastic Lyapunov analysis concepts. The long-run, time averages of the flows generated by the algorithm can get arbitrarily close to the solution of the aforementioned optimization problem. In support of the theoretical results, numerical simulations are also presented. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Matei, Ion] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gueye, Assane] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Baras, John S.] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Baras, JS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, 2247 AV Williams Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ion.matei@parc.com; assane.gueye@nist.gov; baras@umd.edu FU NIST-ARRA Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H026]; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Grant [70NANB11H148]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [CNS-1018346X] FX The authors would like to express their gratitude to Allison Barnard Feeney, Mark Campanelli and Sharon J. Kemmerer for their valuable comments and suggestions. This material is based in part upon work supported by the NIST-ARRA Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program award 70NANB10H026, through the University of Maryland, and in part upon work supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Grant award 70NANB11H148 and by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant award CNS-1018346X. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1366-5545 J9 TRANSPORT RES E-LOG JI Transp. Res. Pt. e-Logist. Transp. Rev. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 77 BP 311 EP 330 DI 10.1016/j.tre.2015.01.006 PG 20 WC Economics; Engineering, Civil; Operations Research & Management Science; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Transportation GA CI3RV UT WOS:000354666000018 ER PT J AU Dizdaroglu, M Coskun, E Jaruga, P AF Dizdaroglu, M. Coskun, E. Jaruga, P. TI Measurement of oxidatively induced DNA damage and its repair, by mass spectrometric techniques SO FREE RADICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE free radicals; hydroxyl radical; 8,5'-cyclopurine-2'-deoxynucleosides; DNA base damage; DNA sugar damage; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; isotope dilution; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BASE-EXCISION-REPAIR; RADICAL-INDUCED FORMATION; CROSS-LINK LESION; MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; RADIATION-INDUCED DAMAGE; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; ONE-ELECTRON OXIDATION; CULTURED HUMAN-CELLS; COLI FPG PROTEIN AB Oxidatively induced damage caused by free radicals and other DNA-damaging agents generate a plethora of products in the DNA of living organisms. There is mounting evidence for the involvement of this type of damage in the etiology of numerous diseases including carcinogenesis. For a thorough understanding of the mechanisms, cellular repair, and biological consequences of DNA damage, accurate measurement of resulting products must be achieved. There are various analytical techniques, with their own advantages and drawbacks, which can be used for this purpose. Mass spectrometric techniques with isotope dilution, which include gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC), provide structural elucidation of products and ascertain accurate quantification, which are absolutely necessary for reliable measurement. Both gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), in single or tandem versions, have been used for the measurement of numerous DNA products such as sugar and base lesions, 8,5'-cyclopurine-2' -deoxynucleosides, base-base tandem lesions, and DNA-protein crosslinks, in vitro and in vivo. This article reviews these techniques and their applications in the measurement of oxidatively induced DNA damage and its repair. C1 [Dizdaroglu, M.; Coskun, E.; Jaruga, P.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Coskun, E.] Gazi Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Toxicol, Ankara, Turkey. RP Dizdaroglu, M (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM miral@nist.gov RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 NR 195 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 33 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1071-5762 EI 1029-2470 J9 FREE RADICAL RES JI Free Radic. Res. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 49 IS 5 BP 525 EP 548 DI 10.3109/10715762.2015.1014814 PG 24 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA CI0FY UT WOS:000354413400005 PM 25812590 ER PT J AU Hecht, BC Hard, JJ Thrower, FP Nichols, KM AF Hecht, Benjamin C. Hard, Jeffrey J. Thrower, Frank P. Nichols, Krista M. TI Quantitative Genetics of Migration-Related Traits in Rainbow and Steelhead Trout SO G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS LA English DT Article DE anadromy; animal model; genetic correlation; heritability; steelhead trout ID SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; LIFE-HISTORY; BROOK CHARR; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; ANADROMOUS STEELHEAD; SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; GROWTH MODULATION; BODY MORPHOLOGY; ANIMAL-MODEL AB Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exhibit remarkable life history diversity throughout their native range, and among the most evident is variation in migratory propensity. Although some populations and ecotypes will remain resident in freshwater habitats throughout their life history, others have the ability to undertake tremendous marine migrations. Those that migrate undergo a suite of behavioral, morphological, and physiological adaptations in a process called smoltification. We describe a quantitative genetic analysis of 22 growth, size, and morphological traits in addition to overall life history classification (resident or migrant) over the temporal process of smoltification in a large multi-generation experimental pedigree (n = 16,139) of migratory and resident rainbow trout derived from a wild population, which naturally segregates for migratory propensity. We identify significant additive genetic variance and covariance among the suite of traits that make up a component of the migratory syndrome in this species. Additionally, we identify high heritability estimates for the life history classifications and observe a strong negative genetic correlation between the migratory and resident life history trajectories. Given the large heritability estimates of all of the traits that segregate between migratory and resident rainbow trout, we conclude that these traits can respond to selection. However, given the high degree of genetic correlation between these traits, they do not evolve in isolation, but rather as a suite of coordinated characters in a predictable manner. C1 [Hecht, Benjamin C.; Nichols, Krista M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Nichols, Krista M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hecht, Benjamin C.] Univ Idaho, Inst Aquaculture Res, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Hecht, Benjamin C.] Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, Fishery Sci Dept, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Hard, Jeffrey J.; Nichols, Krista M.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Thrower, Frank P.] NOAA, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Nichols, KM (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM krista.nichols@noaa.gov FU [NSF-DEB-0845265] FX The authors thank T. Cummins, D. Cummins, B. Weinlaeder, N. Goodwin, A. Celewycz, M. Zanis, J. Myers, M. Baird, O. Johnson, J. Miller, P. Malecha, J. Malecha, J. Joyce, K. O'Malley, and C. Waters, who assisted in the rearing, husbandry, and/or data collection of rainbow and steelhead trout at the Little Port Walter Research Station, Baranof Island, Alaska. We thank K. Gray for helpful discussions regarding quantitative genetic analyses, and S. Narum for support during the analysis and writing of the results. We also appreciate the comments from anonymous reviewers, which have strengthened the manuscript. This work was funded in part by a NSF-DEB-0845265 Career Award (to K.M.N.). NR 76 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 15 U2 57 PU GENETICS SOCIETY AMERICA PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2160-1836 J9 G3-GENES GENOM GENET JI G3-Genes Genomes Genet. PD MAY 1 PY 2015 VL 5 IS 5 BP 873 EP 889 DI 10.1534/g3.114.016469 PG 17 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA CH8BX UT WOS:000354262000016 PM 25784164 ER PT J AU Matrosov, SY AF Matrosov, Sergey Y. TI Evaluations of the Spheroidal Particle Model for Describing Cloud Radar Depolarization Ratios of Ice Hydrometeors SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACKSCATTERING; APPROXIMATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; SCATTERING; AGGREGATE; CRYSTALS; SNOWFALL AB Information on ice cloud particle nonsphericity is important for many practical applications ranging from modeling the cloud radiation impact to remote sensing of hydrometeor microphysical properties. Scanning cloud radars, which often measure depolarization ratio as a sole polarization variable, can provide a means for retrieving this information. The applicability of a spheroidal particle model (i.e., a regular ellipsoid that has two principal axes of the same length) is evaluated for describing depolarization properties of ice particles. It is shown that this simple model, which uses an aspect ratio as a single parameter characterizing particle nonsphericity, explains reasonably well the scatter of slant 45 degrees linear depolarization ratio (SLDR) measurements versus direct estimates of the zenith direction backscatter enhancement observed during the Storm Peak Laboratory Cloud Property Validation Experiment (StormVEx) with the scanning W-band cloud radar (SWACR). Observed SLDR elevation angle patterns are also approximated reasonably well by this shape model. It is suggested that an SLDR difference between slant and zenith radar pointing can be used for prospective remote sensing methods of inferring particle aspect ratio from cloud radar depolarization measurements. Depending on mass-size relations, the value of this difference corresponding to median zenith reflectivity enhancement observed during StormVEx relates to aspect ratios of about 0.5 +/- 0.2, which generally agrees with typical aspect ratios of ice particles. Expected aspect ratio retrieval uncertainties within the spheroidal shape model and the use of different types of radar depolarization ratio measurements are discussed. A correction for estimated zenith direction reflectivity enhancements due to particle nonsphericity is suggested. C1 [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Matrosov, SY (reprint author), R-PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sergey.matrosov@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 32 IS 5 BP 865 EP 879 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00115.1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CI5DF UT WOS:000354772400001 ER PT J AU Banta, RM Pichugina, YL Brewer, WA Lundquist, JK Kelley, ND Sandberg, SP Alvarez, RJ Hardesty, RM Weickmann, AM AF Banta, Robert M. Pichugina, Yelena L. Brewer, W. Alan Lundquist, Julie K. Kelley, Neil D. Sandberg, Scott P. Alvarez, Raul J., II Hardesty, R. Michael Weickmann, Ann M. TI 3D Volumetric Analysis of Wind Turbine Wake Properties in the Atmosphere Using High-Resolution Doppler Lidar SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STABLE-BOUNDARY-LAYER; LOW-LEVEL JET; COMPLEX TERRAIN; PROFILE; ENERGY; FLOW; DISPERSION; VELOCITY; SYSTEM; SPEED AB Wind turbine wakes in the atmosphere are three-dimensional (3D) and time dependent. An important question is how best to measure atmospheric wake properties, both for characterizing these properties observationally and for verification of numerical, conceptual, and physical (e.g., wind tunnel) models of wakes. Here a scanning, pulsed, coherent Doppler lidar is used to sample a turbine wake using 3D volume scan patterns that envelop the wake and simultaneously measure the inflow profile. The volume data are analyzed for quantities of interest, such as peak velocity deficit, downwind variability of the deficit, and downwind extent of the wake, in a manner that preserves the measured data. For the case study presented here, in which the wake was well defined in the lidar data, peak deficits of up to 80% were measured 0.6-2 rotor diameters (D) downwind of the turbine, and the wakes extended more than 11D downwind. Temporal wake variability over periods of minutes and the effects of atmospheric gusts and lulls in the inflow are demonstrated in the analysis. Lidar scanning trade-offs important to ensuring that the wake quantities of interest are adequately sampled by the scan pattern, including scan coverage, number of scans per volume, data resolution, and scan-cycle repeat interval, are discussed. C1 [Banta, Robert M.; Pichugina, Yelena L.; Brewer, W. Alan; Sandberg, Scott P.; Alvarez, Raul J., II] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Pichugina, Yelena L.; Hardesty, R. Michael; Weickmann, Ann M.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lundquist, Julie K.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lundquist, Julie K.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Banta, RM (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM robert.banta@noaa.gov RI Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Wind and Hydropower Technologies program, under Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-NA0000900] FX We thank the turbine manufacturer's staff for its facilitation of observational periods and Matthew Aitken for his thoughtful manuscript review. This work was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy's Wind and Hydropower Technologies program, under the direction of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (Interagency Agreement DE-NA0000900). NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 32 IS 5 BP 904 EP 914 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00078.1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CI5DF UT WOS:000354772400003 ER PT J AU Houston, AL Lock, NA Lahowetz, J Barjenbruch, BL Limpert, G Oppermann, C AF Houston, Adam L. Lock, Noah A. Lahowetz, Jamie Barjenbruch, Brian L. Limpert, George Oppermann, Cody TI Thunderstorm Observation by Radar (ThOR): An Algorithm to Develop a Climatology of Thunderstorms SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; SEVERE WEATHER REPORTS; UNITED-STATES; STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS; REFLECTIVITY; TRACKING; STORMS; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; CLIMATOGRAPHY AB The Thunderstorm Observation by Radar (ThOR) algorithm is an objective and tunable Lagrangian approach to cataloging thunderstorms. ThOR uses observations from multiple sensors (principally multisite surveillance radar data and cloud-to-ground lightning) along with established techniques for fusing multisite radar data and identifying spatially coherent regions of radar reflectivity (clusters) that are subsequently tracked using a new tracking scheme. The main innovation of the tracking algorithm is that, by operating offline, the full data record is available, not just previous cluster positions, so all possible combinations of object sequences can be developed using all observed object positions. In contrast to Eulerian methods reliant on thunder reports, ThOR is capable of cataloging nearly every thunderstorm that occurs over regional-scale and continental United States (CONUS)-scale domains, thereby enabling analysis of internal properties and trends of thunderstorms. ThOR is verified against 166 manually analyzed cluster tracks and is also verified using descriptive statistics applied to a large (similar to 35 000 tracks) sample. Verification also relied on a benchmark tracking algorithm that provides context for the verification statistics. ThOR tracks are shown to match the manual tracks slightly better than the benchmark tracks. Moreover, the descriptive statistics of the ThOR tracks are nearly identical to those of the manual tracks, suggesting good agreement. When the descriptive statistics were applied to the similar to 35 000-track dataset, ThOR tracking produces longer (statistically significant), straighter, and more coherent tracks than those of the benchmark algorithm. Qualitative assessment of ThOR performance is enabled through application to a multiday thunderstorm event and comparison to the behavior of the Storm Cell Identification and Tracking (SCIT) algorithm. C1 [Houston, Adam L.; Limpert, George] Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Lock, Noah A.] Weather Decis Technol, Norman, OK USA. [Lahowetz, Jamie] High Plains Reg Climate Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. [Barjenbruch, Brian L.] Natl Weather Serv, Topeka, KS USA. [Oppermann, Cody] Utah Dept Transportat, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Houston, AL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 214 Bessey Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM ahouston2@unl.edu FU NSF [AGS-0757189]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research Grant [FA9550-12-1-0412] FX This work was funded by NSF Grant AGS-0757189 and Air Force Office of Scientific Research Grant FA9550-12-1-0412, and it utilized computational resources at the Holland Computing Center (HCC) at the University of Nebraska and the Open Science Grid. The authors wish to thank the three anonymous reviewers, whose comments greatly improved this article. The authors are grateful to the HCC staff, particularly Dr. Adam Caprez, for guidance in optimizing ThOR for the HCC systems; and the Open Science Grid. We would also like to thank Alexander Gibbs for his assistance in the development of ThOR and Dr. Valliappa Lakshmanan for assistance with WDSS-II. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 32 IS 5 BP 961 EP 981 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00118.1 PG 21 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CI5DF UT WOS:000354772400007 ER PT J AU Allabakash, S Yasodha, P Bianco, L Reddy, SV Srinivasulu, P AF Allabakash, S. Yasodha, P. Bianco, L. Reddy, S. Venkatramana Srinivasulu, P. TI Improved Moments Estimation for VHF Active Phased Array Radar Using Fuzzy Logic Method SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER SPECTRA; CONTAMINATION AB Various nonatmospheric signals contaminate radar wind profiler data, introducing bias into the moments and wind velocity estimation. This study applies a fuzzy logic-based method to Doppler velocity spectra to identify and eliminate the clutter echoes. This method uses mathematical analyses and a fuzzy inference system applied to each Doppler velocity spectrum to separate the atmospheric signals from the clutter. After eliminating the clutter, an adaptive algorithm is used to estimate mean Doppler velocities accurately. This combination of techniques is applied to the spectral data obtained by the newly developed 53-MHz active phased array radar located at the National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL), Gadanki, India (13.5 degrees N, 79 degrees E). Winds derived using the conventional method and the method developed for this study are compared with those obtained by collocated GPS radiosonde. The comparison shows that the present method derives the winds more accurately compared to the conventional method. C1 [Allabakash, S.; Reddy, S. Venkatramana] Sri Venkateswara Univ, Dept Phys, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Yasodha, P.; Srinivasulu, P.] Govt India, Dept Space, Natl Atmospher Res Lab, Gadanki, India. [Bianco, L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bianco, L.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Reddy, SV (reprint author), Sri Venkateswara Univ, Dept Phys, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM drsvreddy123@gmail.com NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1004 EP 1014 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00075.1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CI5DF UT WOS:000354772400010 ER PT J AU Meyers, PC Ferraro, RR Wang, NY AF Meyers, Patrick C. Ferraro, Ralph R. Wang, Nai-Yu TI Updated Screening Procedures for GPROF2010 over Land: Utilization for AMSR-E SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PASSIVE MICROWAVE SENSORS; NATIONAL MOSAIC QPE; PRECIPITATION; ALGORITHMS; SYSTEM; VALIDATION; RADAR; SNOW AB The Goddard profiling algorithm 2010 (GPROF2010) was revised for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (EOS; AMSR-E) instrument. The GPROF2010 land algorithm was developed for the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI), which observes slightly different central frequencies than AMSR-E. A linear transfer function was developed to convert AMSR-E brightness temperatures to their corresponding TMI frequency for raining and nonraining instantaneous fields of view (IFOVs) using collocated brightness temperature and TRMM precipitation radar (PR) measurements. Previous versions of the algorithm separated rain from surface ice, snow, and desert using a series of empirical procedures. These occasionally failed to separate raining and nonraining scenes, leading to failed detection and false alarms of rain. The new GPROF2010, version 2 (GPROF2010V2), presented here, prefaced the heritage screening procedures by referencing annual desert and monthly snow climatologies to identify IFOVs where rain retrievals were unreliable. Over a decade of satellite- and ground-based observations from the Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS) and AMSR-E allowed for the creation of a medium-resolution (0.25 degrees x 0.25 degrees) climatology of monthly snow and ice cover. The scattering signature of rain over ice and snow is not well defined because of complex emissivity signals dependent on snow depth, age, and melting, such that using a static climatology was a more stable approach to defining surface types. GPROF2010V2 was subsequently used for the precipitation environmental data record (EDR) for the AMSR2 sensor aboard the Global Change Observation Mission-Water 1 (GCOM-W1). C1 [Meyers, Patrick C.] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Ferraro, Ralph R.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD USA. [Wang, Nai-Yu] IM Syst Grp, College Pk, MD USA. RP Meyers, PC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, CICS MD, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM pmeyers@umd.edu RI Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010; Wang, Nai-Yu/E-5303-2016 OI Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135; NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1015 EP 1028 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00149.1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CI5DF UT WOS:000354772400011 ER PT J AU Ravel, B Carr, GL Hauzenberger, CA Klysubun, W AF Ravel, Bruce Carr, G. L. Hauzenberger, Christoph A. Klysubun, Wantana TI X-ray and optical spectroscopic study of the coloration of red glass used in 19th century decorative mosaics at the Temple of the Emerald Buddha SO JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE LA English DT Article DE XAFS; Colloidal gold; Decorative glass ID ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; METALLIC-FILMS; RUBY GLASS; PERFORMANCE; COLORS; COPPER; ATHENA; EXAFS AB The Temple of the Emerald Buddha in Bangkok, Thailand is noted for its glass mosaic decorations on exterior walls and statuary. The original mosaic artwork dates to the early 19th century and is composed of variously-colored, mirrored glass pieces. In this work, we examine the chemical composition and optical properties of the red glass manufactured at that time. Through the use of X-ray and optical spectroscopies, we demonstrate evidence that the 19th century craftsmen produced "ruby-gold" glass, wherein the red coloration is caused by the dispersal of nanoscale metallic gold particles throughout the glass matrix. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Ravel, Bruce] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Carr, G. L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Photon Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Hauzenberger, Christoph A.] Karl Franzens Univ Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Klysubun, Wantana] Synchrotron Light Res Inst, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand. RP Ravel, B (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bravel@bnl.gov FU Synchrotron Light Research Institute; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Samples of glass from the Temple of the Emerald Buddha were provided by Thailand's Bureau of the Royal Household under the permission of Her Royal Highness Maha Chakri Sirindhorn. This work was financially supported in part by the Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization). Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1296-2074 EI 1778-3674 J9 J CULT HERIT JI J. Cult. Herit. PD MAY-JUN PY 2015 VL 16 IS 3 BP 315 EP 321 DI 10.1016/j.culher.2014.06.001 PG 7 WC Archaeology; Art; Chemistry, Analytical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Spectroscopy SC Archaeology; Art; Chemistry; Geology; Materials Science; Spectroscopy GA CI1ZH UT WOS:000354543400008 ER PT J AU Herr, HD Krzysztofowicz, R AF Herr, Henry D. Krzysztofowicz, Roman TI Ensemble Bayesian forecasting system Part I: Theory and algorithms SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Forecasting; Bayesian analysis; Stochastic processes; Probability; Ensemble; Rivers ID HYDROLOGIC UNCERTAINTY PROCESSOR; QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION FORECAST; NONPARAMETRIC POSTPROCESSOR; PROBABILISTIC FORECASTS; STREAMFLOW FORECASTS; BIAS CORRECTION; RUNOFF MODEL; RIVER; PREDICTION; SIMULATION AB The ensemble Bayesian forecasting system (EBFS), whose theory was published in 2001, is developed for the purpose of quantifying the total uncertainty about a discrete-time, continuous-state, non-stationary stochastic process such as a time series of stages, discharges, or volumes at a river gauge. The EBFS is built of three components: an input ensemble forecaster (IEF), which simulates the uncertainty associated with random inputs; a deterministic hydrologic model (of any complexity), which simulates physical processes within a river basin; and a hydrologic uncertainty processor (HUP), which simulates the hydrologic uncertainty (an aggregate of all uncertainties except input). It works as a Monte Carlo simulator: an ensemble of time series of inputs (e.g., precipitation amounts) generated by the IEF is transformed deterministically through a hydrologic model into an ensemble of time series of outputs, which is next transformed stochastically by the HUP into an ensemble of time series of predictands (e.g., river stages). Previous research indicated that in order to attain an acceptable sampling error, the ensemble size must be on the order of hundreds (for probabilistic river stage forecasts and probabilistic flood forecasts) or even thousands (for probabilistic stage transition forecasts). The computing time needed to run the hydrologic model this many times renders the straightforward simulations operationally infeasible. This motivates the development of the ensemble Bayesian forecasting system with randomization (EBFSR), which takes full advantage of the analytic meta-Gaussian HUP and generates multiple ensemble members after each run of the hydrologic model; this auxiliary randomization reduces the required size of the meteorological input ensemble and makes it operationally feasible to generate a Bayesian ensemble forecast of large size. Such a forecast quantifies the total uncertainty, is well calibrated against the prior (climatic) distribution of predictand, possesses a Bayesian coherence property, constitutes a random sample of the predictand, and has an acceptable sampling error which makes it suitable for rational decision making under uncertainty. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Herr, Henry D.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Krzysztofowicz, Roman] Univ Virginia, Dept Syst Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Krzysztofowicz, Roman] Univ Virginia, Dept Stat, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Herr, HD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Bldg SSMC 2,1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Hank.Herr@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [ATM - 0641572] FX Support for Henry D. Herr was provided by the National Weather Service Office of Hydrologic Development in the form of work time and computing resources. Support for Roman Krzysztofowicz was provided by the National Science Foundation under grant No. ATM - 0641572, "New Statistical Techniques for Probabilistic Weather Forecasting". NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 524 BP 789 EP 802 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.11.072 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CI1KO UT WOS:000354503300061 ER PT J AU Miller, DAW Bailey, LL Grant, EHC McClintock, BT Weir, LA Simons, TR AF Miller, David A. W. Bailey, Larissa L. Grant, Evan H. Campbell McClintock, Brett T. Weir, Linda A. Simons, Theodore R. TI Performance of species occurrence estimators when basic assumptions are not met: a test using field data where true occupancy status is known SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE detection; occupancy; sensitivity; species distribution modelling; species misidentification; species occurrence; specificity ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; IMPERFECT DETECTION; POINT COUNTS; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; OBSERVATION ERROR; DYNAMICS; BIAS; SOFTWARE; HABITAT; DESIGN AB Populations are rarely censused. Instead, observations are subject to incomplete detection, misclassification and detection heterogeneity that result from human and environmental constraints. Though numerous methods have been developed to deal with observational uncertainty, validation under field conditions is rare because truth is rarely known in these cases. We present the most comprehensive test of occupancy estimation methods to date, using more than 33000 auditory call observations collected under standard field conditions and where the true occupancy status of sites was known. Basic occupancy estimation approaches were biased when two key assumptions were not met: that no false positives occur and that no unexplained heterogeneity in detection parameters occurs. The greatest bias occurred for dynamic parameters (i.e. local colonization and extinction), and in many cases, the degree of inaccuracy would render results largely useless. We examined three approaches to increase adherence or relax these assumptions: modifying the sampling design, employing estimators that account for false-positive detections and using covariates to account for site-level heterogeneity in both false-negative and false-positive detection probabilities. We demonstrate that bias can be substantially reduced by modifications to sampling methods and by using estimators that simultaneously account for false-positive detections and site-level covariates to explain heterogeneity. Our results demonstrate that even small probabilities of misidentification and among-site detection heterogeneity can have severe effects on estimator reliability if ignored. We challenge researchers to place greater attention on both heterogeneity and false positives when designing and analysing occupancy studies. We provide 9 specific recommendations for the design, implementation and analysis of occupancy studies to better meet this challenge. C1 [Miller, David A. W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bailey, Larissa L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Grant, Evan H. Campbell] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Lab, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [McClintock, Brett T.] NOAA NMFS, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Weir, Linda A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Simons, Theodore R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Miller, DAW (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM dxm84@psu.edu RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009; Miller, David/E-4492-2012; OI Weir, Linda/0000-0003-1376-5566 NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 6 IS 5 BP 557 EP 565 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12342 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI1YI UT WOS:000354540700007 ER PT J AU Zubko, V Hennessy, GS Dorland, BN AF Zubko, Viktor Hennessy, Gregory S. Dorland, Bryan N. TI JMAPS OBSERVATIONS PLANNING SIMULATOR SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; instrumentation: detectors; methods: numerical ID MISSION AB We describe the Joint Milli Arcsecond Pathfinder Survey (JMAPS) Observations Planning Simulator (JOPS), a software simulation and mission planning tool designed to simulate all the observations for a 3 yr, all-sky, space-based astrometric and photometric survey mission JMAPS. JOPS provides an optimized spatial and temporal distribution of observations given a large number of constraints. The results of our simulations reported here demonstrate the powerful capabilities of the simulator. C1 [Zubko, Viktor] NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD 21740 USA. [Hennessy, Gregory S.; Dorland, Bryan N.] US Naval Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Zubko, V (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD 21740 USA. EM vik.zubko@gmail.com; greg.hennessy@usno.navy.mil; bdorland@usno.navy.mil OI Zubko, Viktor/0000-0002-1049-4767 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 149 IS 5 AR 173 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/149/5/173 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CH5HC UT WOS:000354065200024 ER PT J AU Lefohn, AS Cooper, OR AF Lefohn, Allen S. Cooper, Owen R. TI Introduction to the special issue on observations and source attribution of ozone in rural regions of the western United States Preface SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID EXPOSURE C1 [Lefohn, Allen S.] ASL & Associates, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Cooper, Owen R.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cooper, Owen R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Reg Chem Modeling Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lefohn, AS (reprint author), ASL & Associates, 302 North Last Chance Gulch, Helena, MT 59601 USA. EM alefohn@asl-associates.com RI Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 109 BP 279 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.03.030 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH6MF UT WOS:000354150000030 ER PT J AU Langford, AO Senff, CJ Alvarez, RJ Brioude, J Cooper, OR Holloway, JS Lin, MY Marchbanks, RD Pierce, RB Sandberg, SP Weickmann, AM Williams, EJ AF Langford, A. O. Senff, C. J. Alvarez, R. J., II Brioude, J. Cooper, O. R. Holloway, J. S. Lin, M. Y. Marchbanks, R. D. Pierce, R. B. Sandberg, S. P. Weickmann, A. M. Williams, E. J. TI An overview of the 2013 Las Vegas Ozone Study (LVOS): Impact of stratospheric intrusions and long-range transport on surface air quality SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Background ozone; Stratosphere-to-troposphere transport; Long range transport; Asian pollution; Surface ozone; NAAQS; Exceedances ID UNITED-STATES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; TROPOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; BACKGROUND OZONE; NORTH-AMERICA; EMISSIONS; POLLUTION; MODEL; EUROPE; SITES AB The 2013 Las Vegas Ozone Study (LVOS) was conducted in the late spring and early summer of 2013 to assess the seasonal contribution of stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (SIT) and long-range transport to surface ozone in Clark County, Nevada and determine if these processes directly contribute to exceedances of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) in this area. Secondary goals included the characterization of local ozone production, regional transport from the Los Angeles Basin, and impacts from wildfires. The LVOS measurement campaign took place at a former U.S. Air Force radar station similar to 45 km northwest of Las Vegas on Angel Peak (similar to 2.7 km above mean sea level, asl) in the Spring Mountains. The study consisted of two extended periods (May 19-June 4 and June 22-28, 2013) with near daily 5-min averaged lidar measurements of ozone and backscatter profiles from the surface to similar to 2.5 km above ground level (similar to 5.2 km asl), and continuous in situ measurements (May 20-June 28) of O-3, CO, (1-min) and meteorological parameters (5-min) at the surface. These activities were guided by forecasts and analyses from the FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTticle) dispersion model and the Real Time Air Quality Modeling System (RAQMS), and the NOAA Geophysical Research Laboratory (NOAA GFDL) AM3 chemistry-climate model. In this paper, we describe the LVOS measurements and present an overview of the results. The combined measurements and model analyses show that STT directly contributed to each of the three O-3 exceedances that occurred in Clark County during LVOS, with contributions to 8-h surface concentrations in excess of 30 ppbv on each of these days. The analyses show that long-range transport from Asia made smaller contributions (<10 ppbv) to surface O-3 during two of those exceedances. The contribution of regional wildfires to surface O-3 during the three LVOS exceedance events was found to be negligible, but wildfires were found to be a major factor during exceedance events that occurred before and after the LVOS campaign. Our analyses also shows that ozone exceedances would have occurred on more than 50% of the days during the six-week LVOS campaign if the 8-h ozone NAAQS had been 65 ppbv instead of 75 ppbv. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Langford, A. O.; Senff, C. J.; Alvarez, R. J., II; Brioude, J.; Cooper, O. R.; Holloway, J. S.; Marchbanks, R. D.; Sandberg, S. P.; Weickmann, A. M.; Williams, E. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Senff, C. J.; Brioude, J.; Cooper, O. R.; Holloway, J. S.; Marchbanks, R. D.; Weickmann, A. M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brioude, J.] UMR 8105, Lab Atmosphere & Cyclones LACy, St Denis, Reunion. [Lin, M. Y.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Lin, M. Y.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Pierce, R. B.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Langford, AO (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM andrew.o.langford@noaa.gov RI Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Lin, Meiyun/D-6107-2013; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061; Lin, Meiyun/0000-0003-3852-3491; Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; FU Clark County Department of Air Quality [CBE 602948-13]; Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Program of NOAA's Climate Program Office; NASA Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet) FX This work was funded primarily by the Clark County Department of Air Quality under contract no. CBE 602948-13 and supported in part by the Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Program of NOAA's Climate Program Office (http://cpo.noaa.gov/ClimatePrograms/EarthSystemScience/Atmospheric ChemistryCarbonCycleandClimate.aspx) and the NASA Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet, http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/missions/TOLNet/). The authors would like to thank Zheng Li, Mickey Turner, Dennis Randel, and the other staff of the Clark County Department of Air Quality for their assistance and hospitality during LVOS. We are also grateful to John Vimont of the U.S. National Park Service and Jessica Ward of Air Resource Specialists, Inc. for providing the 1-min NPS ozone data. We would also like to thank David Parrish and Allen Lefohn for helpful comments on the manuscript. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 58 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 109 BP 305 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.08.040 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH6MF UT WOS:000354150000033 ER PT J AU Yates, EL Iraci, LT Austerberry, D Pierce, RB Roby, MC Tadic, JM Loewenstein, M Gore, W AF Yates, Emma L. Iraci, Laura T. Austerberry, David Pierce, R. Bradley Roby, Matthew C. Tadic, Jovan M. Loewenstein, Max Gore, Warren TI Characterizing the impacts of vertical transport and photochemical ozone production on an exceedance area SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Tropospheric ozone; Air quality; San Joaquin Valley ID UNITED-STATES; SURFACE OZONE; CALIFORNIA OZONE; NORTHERN MIDLATITUDES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; BACKGROUND OZONE; GLOBAL-MODEL; AIR-QUALITY; EMISSIONS; AMERICA AB Offshore and inland vertical profiles of ozone (O-3) were measured from an aircraft during 16 flights from January 2012 to January 2013 over the northern San Joaquin Valley (SJV) and over the Pacific Ocean. Analysis of in situ measurements presents an assessment of the seasonality and magnitude of net O-3 production and transport within the lower troposphere above the SJV. During the high O-3 season (May -October), the Dobson Unit sum of O-3 in the 0-2 km above sea level (km.a.s.l.) layer above the SJV exceeds that above the offshore profile by up to 20.5%, implying net 03 production over the SJV or vertical transport from above. During extreme events (e.g. Stratosphere-to-troposphere transport) vertical features (areas of enhanced or depleted O-3 or water vapor) are observed in the offshore and SJV profiles at different altitudes, demonstrating the scale of vertical mixing during transport. Correlation analysis between offshore O-3 profiles and O-3 surface sites in the SJV lends further support the hypothesis of vertical mixing. Correlation analysis indicates that O-3 mixing ratios at surface sites in the northern and middle SJV show significant correlations to the 1.5-2 km.a.s.l. offshore altitude range. Southern SJV O-3 surface sites show a shift towards maximum correlations at increased time-offsets, and O-3 surface sites at elevated altitudes show significant correlations with higher offshore altitudes (2.5-4 km.a.s.l.). (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yates, Emma L.; Iraci, Laura T.; Austerberry, David; Roby, Matthew C.; Tadic, Jovan M.; Loewenstein, Max; Gore, Warren] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Atmospher Sci Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA, NESDIS, Adv Satellite Prod Branch, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Roby, Matthew C.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Yates, EL (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Atmospher Sci Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM emma.l.yates@nasa.gov RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Tadic, Jovan/P-3677-2016 OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; FU H211 L.L.C.; San Jose State University Research Foundation; Bay Area Environmental Research Institute; Ames Research Center Director's Funds FX The authors gratefully recognize the support and partnership of H211 L.L.C., with particular thanks to K. Ambrose, R. Simone, B. Quiambao, J. Lee and R. Fisher. Funding was provided by the San Jose State University Research Foundation (E.Y.) and the Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (M.R.). Funding for instrumentation and aircraft integration is acknowledged from Ames Research Center Director's Funds. Technical contributions from Z. Young, E. Quigley, R. Walker, and A. Trias made this project possible. Helpful suggestions from two anonymous reviewers are appreciated. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 109 BP 342 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.002 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH6MF UT WOS:000354150000036 ER PT J AU Thorson, JT Skaug, HJ Kristensen, K Shelton, AO Ward, EJ Harms, JH Benante, JA AF Thorson, James T. Skaug, Hans J. Kristensen, Kasper Shelton, Andrew O. Ward, Eric J. Harms, John H. Benante, James A. TI The importance of spatial models for estimating the strength of density dependence SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autoregressive model; density dependence; Gaussian random field; Gompertz model; integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA); Pacific rockfish (Sebastes spp.); spatial modeling; spatial variation; template model builder (TMB) ID TIME-SERIES DATA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SEBASTES-PAUCISPINIS; STOCK ASSESSMENT; FISH; COMPLEXITY; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; APPROXIMATION; DISPERSAL AB Identifying the existence and magnitude of density dependence is one of the oldest concerns in ecology. Ecologists have aimed to estimate density dependence in population and community data by fitting a simple autoregressive (Gompertz) model for density dependence to time series of abundance for an entire population. However, it is increasingly recognized that spatial heterogeneity in population densities has implications for population and community dynamics. We therefore adapt the Gompertz model to approximate local densities over continuous space instead of population-wide abundance, and allow productivity to vary spatially using Gaussian random fields. We then show that the conventional (nonspatial) Gompertz model can result in biased estimates of density dependence (e.g., identifying oscillatory dynamics when not present) if densities vary spatially. By contrast, the spatial Gompertz model provides accurate and precise estimates of density dependence for a variety of simulation scenarios and data availabilities. These results are corroborated when comparing spatial and nonspatial models for data from 10 years and; 100 sampling stations for three long-lived rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) off the California, USA coast. In this case, the nonspatial model estimates implausible oscillatory dynamics on an annual time scale, while the spatial model estimates strong autocorrelation and is supported by model selection tools. We conclude by discussing the importance of improved data archiving techniques, so that spatial models can be used to reexamine classic questions regarding the existence and magnitude of density dependence in wild populations. C1 [Thorson, James T.; Harms, John H.] NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Skaug, Hans J.] Univ Bergen, Dept Math, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Kristensen, Kasper] Tech Univ Denmark, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark. [Shelton, Andrew O.; Ward, Eric J.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Benante, James A.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Portland, OR 97202 USA. RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM James.Thorson@noaa.gov OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 NR 61 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAY PY 2015 VL 96 IS 5 BP 1202 EP 1212 DI 10.1890/14-0739.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CH6BB UT WOS:000354119300006 PM 26236835 ER PT J AU Gu, DZ Walker, DK AF Gu, Dazhen Walker, David K. TI Application of Coherence Theory to Modeling of Blackbody Radiation at Close Range SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Blackbody target; coherence tensor; Lambertian source; microwave radiometry; partial coherence; Poynting vector ID SPECTRAL DENSITY-MATRIX; PLANAR SOURCES; WAVE-FIELDS; NEAR-FIELD; WIGNER FUNCTIONS; RADIOMETRY; POLARIZATION; TARGET AB We apply coherence-propagation theory to model the radiation generated by a planar passive thermal source of any state of coherence. Of our particular interest is the blackbody calibration source with partially coherent characteristic that produces the radiant intensity with its angular distribution following Lambert's cosine law in the far field. A closed-form expression of the Poynting vector of the electromagnetic field is obtained from the theoretical framework. The formulation links the radiation field to the correlation function of the sources in a straightforward manner, though numerical computation of the Poynting vector involves evaluation of a quadruple integral and is difficult to implement directly, especially when the observation of radiation occurs at a close distance from the source. The study of the close-range radiation would, in particular, benefit the microwave remote sensing radiometric calibration that is encountered in terrestrial laboratories and space-borne satellites. To tackle the challenges in numerical calculation, we have made a few mathematical adjustments to develop a feasible scheme for improved computational efficiency, including reformulation in the angle-impact notation and various simplifications of the integration. We apply the theory and numerical techniques to simulate thermal radiation in some illustrative examples such as an isothermal blackbody source, a blackbody misaligned from the on-axis position, and a nonuniformly heated blackbody target. The coherence property of the blackbody source is shown to possess influential impacts on the radiation arising from such a source, especially in the near-field range where most measurements of the radiation take place in a practical system. The theory and technical approaches provide a systematic and reliable way to quantify the Poynting vector radiated by the blackbody source in a microwave remote-sensing radiometer. C1 [Gu, Dazhen; Walker, David K.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gu, Dazhen] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Gu, DZ (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dazhen.gu@nist.gov; david.walker@nist.gov FU NIST, an agency of the U.S. Government FX The work of this publication is supported by NIST, an agency of the U.S. Government, and is not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 63 IS 5 BP 1475 EP 1488 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2015.2418193 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CH9OS UT WOS:000354365900004 ER PT J AU Remley, KA Williams, DF Hale, PD Wang, CM Jargon, J Park, Y AF Remley, Kate A. Williams, Dylan F. Hale, Paul D. Wang, Chih-Ming Jargon, Jeffrey Park, Youngcheol TI Millimeter-Wave Modulated-Signal and Error-Vector-Magnitude Measurement With Uncertainty SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Digitally modulated signal; error vector magnitude (EVM); measurement uncertainty; microwave measurement; millimeter-wave wireless communications; oscilloscope; wireless system ID SAMPLING OSCILLOSCOPES; COMPENSATION; SYSTEM; EVM AB We provide techniques to generate and characterize precision wideband millimeter-wave modulated signals. We use predistortion to obtain a significant improvement in signal quality and an associated reduction in the error vector magnitude (EVM) of the signals generated by an arbitrary-waveform-generator-based source. We adapt a recently developed microwave uncertainty framework to the problem and use it to estimate the uncertainties in the modulated-signal measurements. Models of uncertainties related to all calibration and measurement procedures within the traceability path are included in a sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo simulations that maintain correlations between time-and frequency-domain errors. We demonstrate EVM values of approximately 1.6% +/- 0.5% for a 1-GSymbol/s 64-state quadrature-amplitude-modulated signal at 44 GHz. C1 [Remley, Kate A.; Williams, Dylan F.; Hale, Paul D.; Wang, Chih-Ming; Jargon, Jeffrey; Park, Youngcheol] NIST, Commun Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Remley, KA (reprint author), NIST, Commun Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kate.remley@nist.gov FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under the ELASTx Program; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) under the Traceability to Enable Multi-GigaBit-per-Second Mobile Wireless project FX This work was supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under the ELASTx Program, and in part by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) under the Traceability to Enable Multi-GigaBit-per-Second Mobile Wireless project. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 63 IS 5 BP 1710 EP 1720 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2015.2416180 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CH9OS UT WOS:000354365900027 ER PT J AU Chattopadhyay, G Coccetti, F Pierantoni, L Wallis, TM Mehdi, I AF Chattopadhyay, Goutam Coccetti, Fabio Pierantoni, Luca Wallis, Thomas Mitchell Mehdi, Imran TI SPECIAL ISSUE ON TERAHERTZ NANOMATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Chattopadhyay, Goutam; Mehdi, Imran] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Coccetti, Fabio] CNRS, LAAS, F-31077 Toulouse, France. [Pierantoni, Luca] Univ Politech Marche, Dipartimento Ingn Informaz, I-60131 Ancona, Italy. [Wallis, Thomas Mitchell] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Chattopadhyay, G (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-342X J9 IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN JI IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 5 IS 3 SI SI BP 332 EP 334 DI 10.1109/TTHZ.2015.2418573 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA CH3AE UT WOS:000353897000004 ER PT J AU Caldwell, J Rajagopalan, B Danner, E AF Caldwell, Jason Rajagopalan, Balaji Danner, Eric TI Statistical Modeling of Daily Water Temperature Attributes on the Sacramento River (vol 20, 04014065, 2015) SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Correction C1 [Caldwell, Jason] Leonard Rice Engineers Inc, Denver, CO 80204 USA. [Caldwell, Jason; Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Danner, Eric] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Rajagopalan, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rajagopalan.balaji@colorado.edu RI Rajagopalan, Balaji/A-5383-2013 OI Rajagopalan, Balaji/0000-0002-6883-7240 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 EI 1943-5584 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 20 IS 5 AR 08014003 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001103 PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CH4HU UT WOS:000353995400017 ER PT J AU Caldwell, J Rajagopalan, B Danner, E AF Caldwell, Jason Rajagopalan, Balaji Danner, Eric TI Statistical Modeling of Daily Water Temperature Attributes on the Sacramento River SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Water temperature; Generalized linear model; Stochastic weather generation; Water management; Seasonal forecasting; Climate impacts ID STREAM TEMPERATURES; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; DAILY PRECIPITATION; REGRESSION-MODEL; TIME-SERIES; CALIFORNIA; BASIN; MANAGEMENT; SCENARIOS; FISHES AB The Sacramento River is the largest river in California, and an important source of water for agricultural, municipal, and industrial users. Input to the Sacramento River comes from Shasta Lake and is controlled by operators of Shasta Dam, who are challenged with meeting the competing needs of these users while also maintaining a cold water habitat for Endangered Species Act (ESA) listed winter-run Chinook salmon. The cold water habitat goals are constrained by the volume of cold water storage in the lake, which operators attempt to selectively deploy throughout the critical late summer/fall window. To make informed decisions about the release of this limited cold water resource, skillful forecasts of downstream water temperature attributes at the seasonal time scale are crucial. To this end, we offer a generalized linear modeling (GLM) framework with a local polynomial method for function estimation, to provide predictions of a range of daily water temperature attributes (maximum daily water temperature, daily temperature range, number of hours of threshold exceedance, and probability of threshold exceedance/nonexceedance). These attributes are varied in nature (i.e.,discrete, continuous, categorical, etc.), and the GLM provides a general framework to modeling all of them. A suite of predictors that impact water temperatures are considered, including current and prior day flow, water temperature of upstream releases, air temperature, and precipitation. A two-step model selection is proposed. First, an objective method based on Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) is used in a global model to select the best set of predictors for each attribute; then the parameters of the local polynomial method for the selected best set of predictors are obtained using generalized cross validation (GCV). Daily weather ensembles from stochastic weather generators are coupled to the GLM models to provide ensembles of water temperature attributes and consequently, the probability distributions to obtain risk estimates. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by modeling water temperature attributes for a temperature compliance point on the Sacramento River below Shasta Dam. Regulations on the dam depress the water temperature forecasting skill; to show this, we present skillful results from applying the approach to an unregulated location in the Pacific Northwest. The proposed method is general, can be ported across sites, and can be used in climate change studies. C1 [Caldwell, Jason; Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rajagopalan, Balaji] Leonard Rice Engineers Inc, Denver, CO 80204 USA. [Danner, Eric] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Rajagopalan, B (reprint author), Leonard Rice Engineers Inc, 1221 Auraria Pkwy, Denver, CO 80204 USA. EM rajagopalan.balaji@colorado.edu RI Rajagopalan, Balaji/A-5383-2013 OI Rajagopalan, Balaji/0000-0002-6883-7240 FU National Aeronautics and Science Administration's Earth-Sum Science Applied Sciences Program [NNX08AK72G] FX This research is funded by the National Aeronautics and Science Administration's Earth-Sum Science Applied Sciences Program, Grant # NNX08AK72G. Andrew Pike NMFS (Southwest Fisheries Science Center) and Russ Yaworsky (U.S. Bureau of Reclamation) provided helpful guidance on thermal criteria and reservoir operations, respectively. We thank the three anonymous reviewers, editor and associate editor for their valuable comments and suggestions which helped improve the manuscript. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 29 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 EI 1943-5584 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 20 IS 5 AR 04014065 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001023 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CH4HU UT WOS:000353995400004 ER PT J AU Gray, AR Riser, SC AF Gray, Alison R. Riser, Stephen C. TI Reply to "Comments on 'A Global Analysis of Sverdrup Balance Using Absolute Geostrophic Velocities from Argo''' SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material ID JEBAR; OCEAN AB This response addresses the three comments by A. Polonsky on "A Global Analysis of Sverdrup Balance Using Absolute Geostrophic Velocities from Argo.'' C1 [Gray, Alison R.; Riser, Stephen C.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Gray, AR (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM argray@princeton.edu OI Gray, Alison/0000-0002-1644-7654 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1449 EP 1450 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-14-0215.1 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CH9QK UT WOS:000354370700015 ER PT J AU Zhang, F Allen, AJ Levine, LE Mancini, DC Ilavsky, J AF Zhang, Fan Allen, Andrew J. Levine, Lyle E. Mancini, Derrick C. Ilavsky, Jan TI Simultaneous multiplexed materials characterization using a high-precision hard X-ray micro-slit array SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE measurement-in-parallel; simultaneous in operando characterization; heterogeneous structure; uncertainty reduction; multiplexed materials characterization ID PHOTON-CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; COLLOIDAL SUSPENSIONS; SCATTERING FUNCTION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DENTAL COMPOSITES; DYNAMICS; DIFFRACTION; INSTRUMENT; SPECKLE; SPHERES AB The needs both for increased experimental throughput and for in operando characterization of functional materials under increasingly realistic experimental conditions have emerged as major challenges across the whole of crystallography. A novel measurement scheme that allows multiplexed simultaneous measurements from multiple nearby sample volumes is presented. This new approach enables better measurement statistics or direct probing of heterogeneous structure, dynamics or elemental composition. To illustrate, the submicrometer precision that optical lithography provides has been exploited to create a multiplexed form of ultra-small-angle scattering based X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (USAXS-XPCS) using micro-slit arrays fabricated by photolithography. Multiplexed USAXS-XPCS is applied to follow the equilibrium dynamics of a simple colloidal suspension. While the dependence of the relaxation time on momentum transfer, and its relationship with the diffusion constant and the static structure factor, follow previous findings, this measurements-in-parallel approach reduces the statistical uncertainties of this photon-starved technique to below those associated with the instrument resolution. More importantly, we note the potential of the multiplexed scheme to elucidate the response of different components of a heterogeneous sample under identical experimental conditions in simultaneous measurements. In the context of the X-ray synchrotron community, this scheme is, in principle, applicable to all in-line synchrotron techniques. Indeed, it has the potential to open a new paradigm for in operando characterization of heterogeneous functional materials, a situation that will be even further enhanced by the ongoing development of multi-bend achromat storage ring designs as the next evolution of large-scale X-ray synchrotron facilities around the world. C1 [Zhang, Fan; Allen, Andrew J.; Levine, Lyle E.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mancini, Derrick C.] IIT, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Ilavsky, Jan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zhang, F (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 6520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fan.zhang@nist.gov RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013 OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900 FU National Science Foundation/Department of Energy [NSF/CHE-1346572]; US DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank Ralu Divan and Christina Suzanne Miller for their assistance in the fabrication of the slit arrays and Maureen Williams for her generous help in the SEM characterization of the slit arrays. ChemMatCARS Sector 15 is principally supported by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy under grant number NSF/CHE-1346572. Use of the Advanced Photon Source and the Center for Nanoscale Materials, Office of Science User Facilities operated for the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the US DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0909-0495 EI 1600-5775 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 22 SI SI BP 653 EP 660 DI 10.1107/S1600577515005378 PN 3 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA CH3HL UT WOS:000353920300028 PM 25931081 ER PT J AU Uhlig, J Doriese, WB Fowler, JW Swetz, DS Jaye, C Fischer, DA Reintsema, CD Bennett, DA Vale, LR Mandal, U O'Neil, GC Miaja-Avila, L Joe, YI El Nahhas, A Fullagar, W Gustafsson, FP Sundstrom, V Kurunthu, D Hilton, GC Schmidt, DR Ullom, JN AF Uhlig, J. Doriese, W. B. Fowler, J. W. Swetz, D. S. Jaye, C. Fischer, D. A. Reintsema, C. D. Bennett, D. A. Vale, L. R. Mandal, U. O'Neil, G. C. Miaja-Avila, L. Joe, Y. I. El Nahhas, A. Fullagar, W. Gustafsson, F. Parnefjord Sundstrom, V. Kurunthu, D. Hilton, G. C. Schmidt, D. R. Ullom, J. N. TI High-resolution X-ray emission spectroscopy with transition-edge sensors: present performance and future potential SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE X-ray spectroscopy; energy-dispersive X-ray detector; X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES); resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS); low-temperature detector; microcalorimeter ID ENERGY RESOLUTION; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; PIXEL DETECTORS; MICROCALORIMETERS; DYNAMICS; SPECTROMETERS; SILICON; LASER AB X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) is a powerful element-selective tool to analyze the oxidation states of atoms in complex compounds, determine their electronic configuration, and identify unknown compounds in challenging environments. Until now the low efficiency of wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectrometer technology has limited the use of XES, especially in combination with weaker laboratory X-ray sources. More efficient energy-dispersive detectors have either insufficient energy resolution because of the statistical limits described by Fano or too low counting rates to be of practical use. This paper updates an approach to high-resolution X-ray emission spectroscopy that uses a microcalorimeter detector array of superconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs). TES arrays are discussed and compared with conventional methods, and shown under which circumstances they are superior. It is also shown that a TES array can be integrated into a table-top time-resolved X-ray source and a soft X-ray synchrotron beamline to perform emission spectroscopy with good chemical sensitivity over a very wide range of energies. C1 [Uhlig, J.; Mandal, U.; El Nahhas, A.; Fullagar, W.; Gustafsson, F. Parnefjord; Sundstrom, V.; Kurunthu, D.] Lund Univ, Dept Chem Phys, Lund, Sweden. [Uhlig, J.; Doriese, W. B.; Fowler, J. W.; Swetz, D. S.; Reintsema, C. D.; Bennett, D. A.; Vale, L. R.; O'Neil, G. C.; Miaja-Avila, L.; Joe, Y. I.; Hilton, G. C.; Schmidt, D. R.; Ullom, J. N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jaye, C.; Fischer, D. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fullagar, W.] Australian Natl Univ, RSPSE, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Uhlig, J (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Chem Phys, Lund, Sweden. EM jens.uhlig@chemphys.lu.se RI Kurunthu, Dharmalingam/M-9747-2014 OI Kurunthu, Dharmalingam/0000-0003-4943-6174 FU NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program; ERC Advanced Investigator Grant [226136]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation FX We acknowledge support from the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program and an ERC Advanced Investigator Grant No. 226136 to VS. JU gratefully acknowledges the continued funding from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. NR 73 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 40 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5775 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 22 SI SI BP 766 EP 775 DI 10.1107/S1600577515004312 PN 3 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA CH3HL UT WOS:000353920300042 PM 25931095 ER PT J AU Alves, JHGM Stripling, S Chawla, A Tolman, H van der Westhuysen, A AF Alves, Jose-Henrique G. M. Stripling, Scott Chawla, Arun Tolman, Hendrik van der Westhuysen, Andre TI Operational Wave Guidance at the US National Weather Service during Tropical/Post-Tropical Storm Sandy, October 2012 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM; OCEAN; FORECASTS; MODELS AB Waves generated during Hurricane Sandy (October 2012) contributed significantly to life and property losses along the eastern U.S. seaboard. Extreme waves generated by Sandy propagated inland riding high water levels, causing direct destruction of property and infrastructure. High waves also contributed to the observed record breaking storm surges. Operational wave-model guidance provided by the U.S. National Weather Service, via numerical model predictions made at NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), gave decision makers accurate information that helped mitigate the severity of this historical event. The present study provides a comprehensive performance assessment of operational models used by NCEP during Hurricane Sandy, and makes a brief review of reports issued by government agencies, private industry, and universities, indicating the importance of the interplay of waves and surges during the hurricane. Performance of wave models is assessed through validation made relative to western Atlantic NOAA/NDBC buoys that recorded significant wave heights exceeding 6 m (19.7 ft). Bulk validation statistics indicate a high skill of operational wave forecasts up to and beyond the 3-day range. Event-based validation reveals a remarkably high skill of NCEP's wave ensemble system, with significant added value in its data for longer forecasts beyond the 72-h range. The study concludes with considerations about the extent of severe sea-state footprints during Sandy, the dissemination of real-time wave forecasts, and its impacts to emergency management response, as well as recent upgrades and future developments at NCEP that will improve the skill of its current wave forecasting systems, resulting in more reliable wave forecasts during life-threatening severe storm events in the future. C1 [Alves, Jose-Henrique G. M.] Syst Res Grp Inc, College Pk, MD USA. [Alves, Jose-Henrique G. M.; Chawla, Arun; Tolman, Hendrik; van der Westhuysen, Andre] NOAA NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Stripling, Scott] NOAA NCEP, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA. RP Alves, JHGM (reprint author), NOAA NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM henrique.alves@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 143 IS 5 BP 1687 EP 1702 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00143.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH5RW UT WOS:000354094000012 ER PT J AU Rutz, JJ Steenburgh, WJ Ralph, FM AF Rutz, Jonathan J. Steenburgh, W. James Ralph, F. Martin TI The Inland Penetration of Atmospheric Rivers over Western North America: A Lagrangian Analysis SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL MOISTURE EXPORTS; UNITED-STATES; TROPOSPHERIC RIVERS; PRECIPITATION EVENT; PACIFIC-OCEAN; CALIFORNIA; CLIMATOLOGY; SATELLITE; DIAGNOSIS; LANDFALL AB Although atmospheric rivers (ARs) typically weaken following landfall, those that penetrate inland can contribute to heavy precipitation and high-impact weather within the interior of western North America. In this paper, the authors examine the evolution of ARs over western North America using trajectories released at 950 and 700 hPa within cool-season ARs along the Pacific coast. These trajectories are classified as coastal decaying, inland penetrating, or interior penetrating based on whether they remain within an AR upon reaching selected transects over western North America. Interior-penetrating AR trajectories most frequently make landfall along the Oregon coast, but the greatest fraction of landfalling AR trajectories that eventually penetrate into the interior within an AR is found along the Baja Peninsula. In contrast, interior-penetrating AR trajectories rarely traverse the southern "high'' Sierra. At landfall, interior-penetrating AR trajectories are associated with a more amplified flow pattern, more southwesterly (vs westerly) flow along the Pacific coast, and larger water vapor transport (qv). The larger initial qv of interior-penetrating AR trajectories is due primarily to larger initial water vapor q and wind speed v for those initiated at 950 and 700 hPa, respectively. Inland- and interior-penetrating AR trajectories maintain large qv over the interior partially due to increases in v that offset decreases in q, particularly in the vicinity of topographical barriers. Therefore, synoptic conditions and trajectory pathways favoring larger initial qv at the coast, limited water vapor depletion by orographic precipitation, and increases in v over the interior are keys to differentiating interior-penetrating from coastal-decaying ARs. C1 [Rutz, Jonathan J.] Natl Weather Serv, Western Reg Headquarters, Salt Lake City, UT 84138 USA. [Steenburgh, W. James] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Ralph, F. Martin] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Rutz, JJ (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Western Reg Headquarters, Room 1235,125 South State St, Salt Lake City, UT 84138 USA. EM jonathan.rutz@noaa.gov FU NOAA/NWS CSTAR program FX We thank Mike Dettinger for conversations that helped to clarify the text. Reviews by Jay Cordeira and one anonymous reviewer also improved the manuscript. We also gratefully acknowledge the provision of datasets, software, and/or computer time provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and the University of Utah Center for High Performance Computing. This article is based on research supported by a series of grants from the NOAA/NWS CSTAR program. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NOAA/NWS. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 143 IS 5 BP 1924 EP 1944 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00288.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH5RW UT WOS:000354094000025 ER PT J AU Camp, CH Cicerone, MT AF Camp, Charles H., Jr. Cicerone, Marcus T. TI Chemically sensitive bioimaging with coherent Raman scattering SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Review ID MULTIPLEX CARS MICROSCOPY; PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBER; EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; SOLID DOSAGE FORMS; IN-VIVO; INTRACRANIAL TUMORS; FINGERPRINT REGION; MAXIMUM-ENTROPY; BRAIN-TISSUE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Raman scattering provides an intrinsic fingerprint of chemical composition. Spontaneous Raman spectroscopy has been used for many decades to interrogate biological materials and systems. In spite of its valuable information content, Raman imaging is rarely used compared with modalities such as fluorescence microscopy because of its relatively slow signal acquisition. Coherent Raman imaging technologies have evolved over the past fifteen years to now capture rich chemical information with improved acquisition speeds. As a result, coherent Raman imaging methods are now poised to begin emerging as widely used tools for obtaining functional information in a label-free manner from biological systems. We briefly review the development and application of these methods. C1 [Camp, Charles H., Jr.; Cicerone, Marcus T.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cicerone, MT (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cicerone@nist.gov NR 123 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 20 U2 122 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD MAY PY 2015 VL 9 IS 5 BP 295 EP 305 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2015.60 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA CG9OU UT WOS:000353646800006 ER PT J AU Douglas, JS Habibian, H Hung, CL Gorshkov, AV Kimble, HJ Chang, DE AF Douglas, J. S. Habibian, H. Hung, C. -L. Gorshkov, A. V. Kimble, H. J. Chang, D. E. TI Quantum many-body models with cold atoms coupled to photonic crystals SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID RANGE INTERACTIONS; POLAR-MOLECULES; OPTICAL CAVITY; BAND-GAP; LIGHT; PROPAGATION; RESERVOIRS; SYSTEMS AB Using cold atoms to simulate strongly interacting quantum systems is an exciting frontier of physics. However, because atoms are nominally neutral point particles, this limits the types of interaction that can be produced. We propose to use the powerful new platform of cold atoms trapped near nanophotonic systems to extend these limits, enabling a novel quantum material in which atomic spin degrees of freedom, motion and photons strongly couple over long distances. In this system, an atom trapped near a photonic crystal seeds a localized, tunable cavity mode around the atomic position. We find that this effective cavity facilitates interactions with other atoms within the cavity length, in a way that can be made robust against realistic imperfections. Finally, we show that such phenomena should be accessible using one-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides in which coupling to atoms has already been experimentally demonstrated. C1 [Douglas, J. S.; Habibian, H.; Chang, D. E.] ICFO Inst Ciencies Foton, Barcelona 08860, Spain. [Hung, C. -L.; Kimble, H. J.] CALTECH, Norman Bridge Lab Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hung, C. -L.; Kimble, H. J.] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat & Matter, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gorshkov, A. V.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gorshkov, A. V.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Douglas, JS (reprint author), ICFO Inst Ciencies Foton, Barcelona 08860, Spain. EM james.douglas@icfo.eu RI Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008 OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421 FU Fundacio Privada Cellex Barcelona; MINECO Ramon y Cajal Program; Marie Curie Career Integration Grant; IQIM; NSF Physics Frontiers Center; DoD NSSEFF programme; DARPA ORCHID; AFOSR QuMPASS MURI; NSF [PHY-1205729]; NSF PFC at the JQI; NSF PIF; ARO; AFOSR; ARL; AFOSR MURI on Ultracold Polar Molecules FX The authors thank L. Tagliacozzo, P. Hauke, M. Lewenstein, A. Gonzalez-Tudela, J.I. Cirac, L. Jiang, J. Preskill, O. Painter, M. Lukin, J. Thompson and S. Gopalakrishnan for discussions. This work was supported by Fundacio Privada Cellex Barcelona, the MINECO Ramon y Cajal Program, the Marie Curie Career Integration Grant, the IQIM, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center, the DoD NSSEFF programme, DARPA ORCHID, AFOSR QuMPASS MURI, NSF PHY-1205729, NSF PFC at the JQI, NSF PIF, ARO, AFOSR, ARL and AFOSR MURI on Ultracold Polar Molecules. NR 50 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 7 U2 50 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD MAY PY 2015 VL 9 IS 5 BP 326 EP 331 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2015.57 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA CG9OU UT WOS:000353646800011 ER PT J AU Homer, C Dewitz, J Yang, LM Jin, S Danielson, P Xian, G Coulston, J Herold, N Wickham, J Megown, K AF Homer, Collin Dewitz, Jon Yang, Limin Jin, Suming Danielson, Patrick Xian, George Coulston, John Herold, Nathaniel Wickham, James Megown, Kevin TI Completion of the 2011 National Land Cover Database for the Conterminous United States - Representing a Decade of Land Cover Change Information SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID IMPERVIOUS SURFACE; THEMATIC ACCURACY; CANOPY COVER; IMAGERY C1 [Homer, Collin; Dewitz, Jon; Yang, Limin; Jin, Suming; Danielson, Patrick; Xian, George] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Garretson, SD 57030 USA. [Yang, Limin; Danielson, Patrick] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Houston, TX USA. [Jin, Suming; Xian, George] InuTeq, Baarn, Netherlands. [Coulston, John] US Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal, Washington, DC USA. [Herold, Nathaniel] NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, San Juan, PR USA. [Megown, Kevin] US Forest Serv, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Homer, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Garretson, SD 57030 USA. OI Dewitz, Jon/0000-0002-0458-212X FU U.S. Geological Survey [G10PC00044, G08PC91508]; United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), through Office of Research and Development FX Research, development, and production efforts for NLCD 2011 data products and supplementary layers result from the cooperative efforts of several teams of dedicated individuals. Because of the number of individuals involved, they cannot all be properly acknowledged here. We would like to acknowledge the many organizations that made this work possible especially the support of the individuals and agencies of the MRLC Consortium, in addition to Federal and Federal contractor mapping teams. This study was made possible in part by SGT under U.S. Geological Survey contract G10PC00044 and by ASRC under U.S. Geological Survey contract G08PC91508. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), through its Office of Research and Development, partly funded the research described here. It has been subject to Agency review and approved for publication. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 22 TC 164 Z9 166 U1 13 U2 62 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 81 IS 5 BP 345 EP 354 DI 10.14358/PERS.81.5.345 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CH4OA UT WOS:000354011600002 ER PT J AU Johnson, GE Ploskey, GR Sather, NK Teel, DJ AF Johnson, Gary E. Ploskey, Gene R. Sather, Nichole K. Teel, David J. TI Residence times of juvenile salmon and steelhead in off-channel tidal freshwater habitats, Columbia River, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SUBYEARLING CHINOOK SALMON; COHO SALMON; ACOUSTIC TRANSMITTERS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; ESTUARY; MIGRATION; RESILIENCE; MOVEMENTS; SURVIVAL; OREGON AB We documented two life history strategies for juvenile salmonids as expressed in off-channel tidal freshwater habitats of the Columbia River: (i) active migrations by upper river Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during the primary spring and summer migration periods and (ii) overwinter rearing in tidal freshwater habitats by coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and naturally produced Chinook salmon mostly from lower river sources. During spring-summer 2007-2008, acoustic-tagged fish originating above Bonneville Dam (rkm 234) had short residence times in off-channel areas (rkm 192-203): median 2.5 and 2.6 h for yearling (mean lengths 134 and 158 mm) and 3.0 and 3.4 h for subyearling (104 and 116 mm) Chinook salmon and 2.5 h for yearling steelhead (215 mm). The percentage of fish in off-channel areas out of the total in the main-and off-channels areas was highest for yearling Chinook salmon (8.1% and 9.3% for 2007 and 2008, respectively) and lowest for steelhead (4.0% for 2008) and subyearling Chinook salmon (3.6% and 6.1% for 2007 and 2008, respectively). In late January and early February 2010, 2011, and 2012, we captured and tagged yearling Chinook and coho salmon occupying off-channel tidal freshwater habitats. Median residence times in off-channel areas were 11.6-25.5 days for juvenile Chinook (106, 115, and 118 mm, respectively by year) and 11.2 days for coho salmon (116 mm). This study is the first to estimate residence times for juvenile salmonids specifically in off-channel areas of tidal fresh water and, most importantly, residence times for Chinook salmon expressing a life history of overwintering in tidal fresh water. The findings support restoration of shallow off-channel habitats in tidal freshwater portions of the Columbia River. C1 [Johnson, Gary E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Portland, OR 97204 USA. [Ploskey, Gene R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, North Bonneville, WA 98639 USA. [Sather, Nichole K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. [Teel, David J.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Johnson, GE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 620 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97204 USA. EM gary.johnson@pnnl.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration (BPA); US Army Corps of Engineers Portland District (USACE) FX This research was funded by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) and the US Army Corps of Engineers Portland District (USACE). We are grateful to Blaine Ebberts, Brad Eppard, Mike Langeslay, and Cindy Studebaker (USACE) and Tracey Yerxa (BPA) for supporting the study; David Kuligowski of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) for analyzing the genetic samples; Earl Dawley (NMFS, retired) for summarizing migration characteristics; and Adam Storch and Tucker Jones of the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, and Amanda Bryson, Daniel Deng, Susan Ennor, Eric Fischer, Matt Hennen, James Hughes, Ron Kaufman, Geoff McMichael, Mark Weiland, Christa Woodley, and Shon Zimmerman of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for helping conduct the study. We sincerely appreciate the insightful comments from three anonymous peer reviewers. NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 31 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 72 IS 5 BP 684 EP 696 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0085 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CG9HW UT WOS:000353626800005 ER PT J AU Feyrer, F Hobbs, J Acuna, S Mahardja, B Grimaldo, L Baerwald, M Johnson, RC Teh, S AF Feyrer, Frederick Hobbs, James Acuna, Shawn Mahardja, Brian Grimaldo, Lenny Baerwald, Melinda Johnson, Rachel C. Teh, Swee TI Metapopulation structure of a semi-anadromous fish in a dynamic environment SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SPLITTAIL POGONICHTHYS-MACROLEPIDOTUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; AGE-0 SPLITTAIL; OTOLITH MICROCHEMISTRY; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ASSIGNMENT METHODS; CONNECTIVITY; CHEMISTRY; PATTERNS; SALMON AB The Sacramento splittail (Pogonichthys macrolepidotus) is a relatively large (400 mm), long-lived (8 years) demersal cyprinid of conservation importance endemic to the San Francisco Estuary (SFE), California, USA. It exhibits a semi-anadromous life cycle spending adult life in low to moderate salinity (0-12) habitat with migrations into upstream freshwater rivers and floodplains for spawning during winter-spring. The species persists as two genetically distinguishable populations - one dominant and one subordinate - separated by discrete spawning habitats that we suggest resemble an island-mainland metapopulation structure. The populations overlap in distribution in the SFE, yet segregation is maintained with individuals tending to aggregate or school with others of similar population heritage and natal origin. The populations are spatially connected via dispersal of the dominant population into the subordinate population's spawning habitat when climate patterns produce freshwater outflow sufficient to form a bridge of suitable low salinity habitat across the upper SFE. Habitat affinities of the two populations, hydrodynamic modeling studies, and historical outflow records together suggest such conditions occur in approximately 1/3 of years overall with an irregular frequency. This dynamic pattern of spatial connectivity controlled by climate variability may be an important driver of gene flow between the two populations. C1 [Feyrer, Frederick] Bur Reclamat, Bay Delta Off, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Hobbs, James] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Acuna, Shawn] Metropolitan Water Dist Southern Calif, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Mahardja, Brian; Baerwald, Melinda; Johnson, Rachel C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Grimaldo, Lenny] ICF Int, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA. [Johnson, Rachel C.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Teh, Swee] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Aquat Hlth Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Feyrer, F (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM ffeyrer@usgs.gov FU US Bureau of Reclamation [R10AC20095]; University of California-Davis [R10AC20095]; Delta Science Program [2037] FX We thank M. Gingras, R. Soto, E. Santos, N. Sakata, N. van Ark, C. Grant, D. Obegi, M. Nobriga, D. Riordon, A. Chandos, K. Gehrts, B. Coalter, B. Harrell, A. Mueller-Solger, M. Young, A. Bibian, L. Conrad, B. Schreier, R. Baxter, E. van Nieuwenhuyse, S. Waller, T. Foin, N. Fangue, B. May, K. Reece, M. MacWilliams, L. Brown, R. Baxter, T. Sommer, and many others for assistance. S. Teh, S. Acuna, and J. Hobbs were funded by an agreement (No. R10AC20095) between the US Bureau of Reclamation and the University of California-Davis awarded to S. Teh. B. Mahardja and M. Baerwald were supported by Delta Science Program Grant No. 2037. NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 25 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 72 IS 5 BP 709 EP 721 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0433 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CG9HW UT WOS:000353626800007 ER PT J AU Au, DW Smith, SE Show, C AF Au, David W. Smith, Susan E. Show, Christina TI New abbreviated calculation for measuring intrinsic rebound potential in exploited fish populations - example for sharks SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; GULF-OF-MEXICO; ISURUS-OXYRINCHUS; SHORTFIN MAKO; AGE-VALIDATION; LIFE-HISTORY; SHARPNOSE SHARK; RHIZOPRIONODON-TERRAENOVAE; CARCHARHINUS-PLUMBEUS; GALEOCERDO-CUVIER AB Intrinsic rebound potential, the demographic measure of a fish population's productivity that sustains a given mortality, relates to a species' resiliency and can be useful for understanding and evaluating the status of exploited populations, especially those poorly monitored and of low productivity, like many shark populations. The rebound potential is derived from the Euler-Lotka equation and, with the dynamics kept simple, is easily calculated for a given total mortality, needing only a species' age at maturity and its natural mortality (M). Its value can be quickly read from an isopleth diagram, whose contour pattern shows the interdependence of these two key parameters among different life histories. How the rebound potentials change as a function of age at maturity and the full range of possible M values also shows a way to estimate a species' natural mortality bounds. Importance of the age at maturity parameter is stressed. C1 [Smith, Susan E.] Seiurus Consulting, Del Mar, CA 92014 USA. [Show, Christina] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Au, DW (reprint author), 10954 Red Rock Dr, San Diego, CA 92131 USA. EM d.au@sbcglobal.net NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 72 IS 5 BP 767 EP 773 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0360 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CG9HW UT WOS:000353626800013 ER PT J AU Kulvatunyou, B Lee, Y Ivezic, N Peng, Y AF Kulvatunyou, Boonserm Lee, Yunsu Ivezic, Nenad Peng, Yun TI A framework to canonicalize manufacturing service capability models SO COMPUTERS & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Manufacturing service capability; Ontology design pattern; Pattern-based ontology transformation; Canonicalization; OWL; Semantic mediation ID ONTOLOGY; INTEROPERABILITY; INFORMATION; PATTERNS AB The capability to share precisely defined information models, which reveal a supplier's manufacturing service capability (MSC) with anyone who needs it, is key to the creation of more agile supply chains. Today, unfortunately, this capability does not exist. Why? Because most suppliers use proprietary information models to represent and share their MSC information! This limits both the semantic precision in the models, which is needed for interoperability, and the level of agility in the supply chains. The availability of a semantically precise and rich reference MSC ontology could address both of these limitations. Based on our prior research, the development of such an ontology will require a semantic mediation process between the proprietary MSC models and the reference MSC ontology. At the heart of every known, semantic-mediation process is a mapping between a proprietary MSC model and the reference MSC ontology. Such a mapping must deal with the structural and semantic conflicts between the two. In this paper, we propose a new approach, which we call canonicalization to address the structural conflicts. The semantic conflicts are addressed using logical mapping. The canonicalization pre-processes the structural representations of the proprietary models and then aligns them using ontology design patterns which are also used in the reference ontology. This simplifies both the mapping problems themselves and the resulting mapping statements considerably. In the paper, we also demonstrate our approach and its benefits in the context of a description-logic-based semantic mediation using the Ontology Web Language (OWL). (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kulvatunyou, Boonserm; Lee, Yunsu; Ivezic, Nenad] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, Yunsu; Peng, Yun] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Lee, Y (reprint author), 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8260, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yslee@nist.gov FU NIST through University of Maryland, Baltimore County cooperation agreement [70NANB13H154] FX The work described in this paper was funded in part by NIST through University of Maryland, Baltimore County cooperation agreement #70NANB13H154. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-8352 EI 1879-0550 J9 COMPUT IND ENG JI Comput. Ind. Eng. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 83 BP 39 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.cie.2015.01.027 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial SC Computer Science; Engineering GA CH0XX UT WOS:000353746800004 ER PT J AU Conn, PB Johnson, DS Hoef, JMV Hooten, MB London, JM Boveng, PL AF Conn, Paul B. Johnson, Devin S. Hoef, Jay M. Ver Hooten, Mevin B. London, Joshua M. Boveng, Peter L. TI Using spatiotemporal statistical models to estimate animal abundance and infer ecological dynamics from survey counts SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE abundance; Bering Sea; count data; dimension reduction; Phoca largha; process convolution; resource selection; spatiotemporal model; spotted seal ID DISTANCE SAMPLING DATA; RESOURCE SELECTION; WEIGHTED DISTRIBUTIONS; WILDLIFE POPULATIONS; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; TRANSECT SURVEYS; SPATIAL MODELS; TIME-SERIES; SPACE AB Ecologists often fit models to survey data to estimate and explain variation in animal abundance. Such models typically require that animal density remains constant across the landscape where sampling is being conducted, a potentially problematic assumption for animals inhabiting dynamic landscapes or otherwise exhibiting considerable spatiotemporal variation in density. We review several concepts from the burgeoning literature on spatiotemporal statistical models, including the nature of the temporal structure (i.e., descriptive or dynamical) and strategies for dimension reduction to promote computational tractability. We also review several features as they specifically relate to abundance estimation, including boundary conditions, population closure, choice of link function, and extrapolation of predicted relationships to unsampled areas. We then compare a suite of novel and existing spatiotemporal hierarchical models for animal count data that permit animal density to vary over space and time, including formulations motivated by resource selection and allowing for closed populations. We gauge the relative performance (bias, precision, computational demands) of alternative spatiotemporal models when confronted with simulated and real data sets from dynamic animal populations. For the latter, we analyze spotted seal (Phoca largha) counts from an aerial survey of the Bering Sea where the quantity and quality of suitable habitat (sea ice) changed dramatically while surveys were being conducted. Simulation analyses suggested that multiple types of spatiotemporal models provide reasonable inference (low positive bias, high precision) about animal abundance, but have potential for overestimating precision. Analysis of spotted seal data indicated that several model formulations, including those based on a log-Gaussian Cox process, had a tendency to overestimate abundance. By contrast, a model that included a population closure assumption and a scale prior on total abundance produced estimates that largely conformed to our a priori expectation. Although care must be taken to tailor models to match the study population and survey data available, we argue that hierarchical spatiotemporal statistical models represent a powerful way forward for estimating abundance and explaining variation in the distribution of dynamical populations. C1 [Conn, Paul B.; Johnson, Devin S.; Hoef, Jay M. Ver; London, Joshua M.; Boveng, Peter L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Conn, PB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM paul.conn@noaa.gov OI London, Josh/0000-0002-3647-5046; Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895 FU U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management [M12PG00017] FX A large amount of effort went into collecting seal transect data, and we thank M. Cameron, E. Moreland, and other seal researchers who helped design and execute ice-associated seal surveys. Funding for Bering Sea aerial surveys was provided by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and by the U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (Interagency Agreement M12PG00017). The views and conclusions in this article represent the views of the authors and the U.S. Geological Survey but do not necessarily represent findings or policy of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank C. Wikle for helpful discussion; comments by J. Laake, B. McClintock, and anonymous reviewers also helped improve the content and quality of this article. All data collected and research activities described were performed under U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service permit #15126-02. NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 85 IS 2 BP 235 EP 252 DI 10.1890/14-0959.1 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CH2HI UT WOS:000353845900005 ER PT J AU Yang, XS Vecchi, GA Gudgel, RG Delworth, TL Zhang, SQ Rosati, A Jia, LW Stern, WF Wittenberg, AT Kapnick, S Msadek, R Underwood, SD Zeng, FR Anderson, W Balaji, V AF Yang, Xiaosong Vecchi, Gabriel A. Gudgel, Rich G. Delworth, Thomas L. Zhang, Shaoqing Rosati, Anthony Jia, Liwei Stern, William F. Wittenberg, Andrew T. Kapnick, Sarah Msadek, Rym Underwood, Seth D. Zeng, Fanrong Anderson, Whit Balaji, Venkatramani TI Seasonal Predictability of Extratropical Storm Tracks in GFDL's High-Resolution Climate Prediction Model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINTER; DATA ASSIMILATION; FORECAST SYSTEM; SEA-ICE; CYCLONE ACTIVITY; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; ENSO; TELECONNECTIONS; TEMPERATURE AB The seasonal predictability of extratropical storm tracks in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's (GFDL)'s high-resolution climate model has been investigated using an average predictability time analysis. The leading predictable components of extratropical storm tracks are the ENSO-related spatial patterns for both boreal winter and summer, and the second predictable components are mostly due to changes in external radiative forcing and multidecadal oceanic variability. These two predictable components for both seasons show significant correlation skill for all leads from 0 to 9 months, while the skill of predicting the boreal winter storm track is consistently higher than that of the austral winter. The predictable components of extratropical storm tracks are dynamically consistent with the predictable components of the upper troposphere jet flow for both seasons. Over the region with strong storm-track signals in North America, the model is able to predict the changes in statistics of extremes connected to storm-track changes (e.g., extreme low and high sea level pressure and extreme 2-m air temperature) in response to different ENSO phases. These results point toward the possibility of providing skillful seasonal predictions of the statistics of extratropical extremes over land using high-resolution coupled models. C1 [Yang, Xiaosong; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Gudgel, Rich G.; Delworth, Thomas L.; Zhang, Shaoqing; Rosati, Anthony; Jia, Liwei; Stern, William F.; Wittenberg, Andrew T.; Msadek, Rym; Zeng, Fanrong; Anderson, Whit; Balaji, Venkatramani] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Yang, Xiaosong; Jia, Liwei; Msadek, Rym] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Delworth, Thomas L.; Kapnick, Sarah; Balaji, Venkatramani] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Underwood, Seth D.] Dynam Res Corp, Andover, MA USA. RP Yang, XS (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM xiaosong.yang@noaa.gov RI Yang, Xiaosong/C-7260-2009; Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Kapnick, Sarah/C-5209-2014; Jia, Liwei/O-3938-2014; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014 OI Yang, Xiaosong/0000-0003-3154-605X; Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Kapnick, Sarah/0000-0003-0979-3070; Jia, Liwei/0000-0003-0869-1531; FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory; Disaster Recovery Act FX We thank Lucas Harris and Liping Zhang for helpful reviews of an earlier draft, and Ben Kirtman and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that helped to improve the manuscript. We thank Isaac Held for insightful discussions about this research which lead to improvements and clarifications. This research was supported by the Visiting Scientist Program at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. This research was partly supported by the Disaster Recovery Act of 2013. NR 44 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY 1 PY 2015 VL 28 IS 9 BP 3592 EP 3611 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00517.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH2EJ UT WOS:000353838200009 ER PT J AU Wang, XD Wang, CZ Zhang, LP Wang, X AF Wang, Xidong Wang, Chunzai Zhang, Liping Wang, Xin TI Multidecadal Variability of Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification in the Western North Pacific SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SEASONAL FOOTPRINTING MECHANISM; LARGE-SCALE CHARACTERISTICS; OCEAN THERMAL STRUCTURE; HURRICANE INTENSITY; PART I; ATLANTIC; PREDICTION; CIRCULATION; MODELS AB This study investigates the variation of tropical cyclone (TC) rapid intensification (RI) in the western North Pacific (WNP) and its relationship with large-scale climate variability. RI events have exhibited strikingly multidecadal variability. During the warm (cold) phase of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), the annual RI number is generally lower (higher) and the average location of RI occurrence tends to shift southeastward (northwestward). The multidecadal variations of RI are associated with the variations of large-scale ocean and atmosphere variables such as sea surface temperature (SST), tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP), relative humidity (RHUM), and vertical wind shear (VWS). It is shown that their variations on multidecadal time scales depend on the evolution of thePDOphase. The easterly trade wind is strengthened during the cold PDO phase at low levels, which tends to make equatorial warm water spread northward into the main RI region rsulting from meridional ocean advection associated with Ekman transport. Simultaneously, an anticyclonic wind anomaly is formed in the subtropical gyre of the WNP. This therefore may deepen the depth of the 26 degrees C isotherm and directly increase TCHP over the main RI region. These thermodynamic effects associated with the cold PDO phase greatly support RI occurrence. The reverse is true during the warm PDO phase. The results also indicate that the VWS variability in the low wind shear zone along the monsoon trough may not be critical for the multidecadal modulation of RI events. C1 [Wang, Xidong] State Ocean Adm, Key Lab Marine Environm Informat Technol, Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, Tianjin, Peoples R China. [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Liping] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Wang, Xin] Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Wang, XD (reprint author), 93 Liuwei Rd, Tianjin 300171, Peoples R China. EM xidong_wang@yahoo.com RI Wang, Xin/B-4624-2012; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB430304, 2013CB430301]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41030854, 41106005, 41176003, 41206178, 41376015, 41306006]; National High-Tech R&D Program of China [2013AA09A505]; China Scholarship Council FX This study is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB430304 and 2013CB430301), National Natural Science Foundation (41030854, 41106005, 41176003, 41206178, 41376015, and 41306006) of China, and National High-Tech R&D Program (2013AA09A505) of China. Xidong Wang is also supported by China Scholarship Council. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY 1 PY 2015 VL 28 IS 9 BP 3806 EP 3820 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00400.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH2EJ UT WOS:000353838200022 ER PT J AU Delworth, TL Zeng, FR Rosati, A Vecchi, GA Wittenberg, AT AF Delworth, Thomas L. Zeng, Fanrong Rosati, Anthony Vecchi, Gabriel A. Wittenberg, Andrew T. TI A Link between the Hiatus in Global Warming and North American Drought SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; PACIFIC CLIMATE; DECADAL CHANGES; OCEAN; CALIFORNIA; ENSO; US; CIRCULATION; REANALYSIS AB Portions of western North America have experienced prolonged drought over the last decade. This drought has occurred at the same time as the global warming hiatus-a decadal period with little increase in global mean surface temperature. Climate models and observational analyses are used to clarify the dual role of recent tropical Pacific changes in driving both the global warming hiatus and North American drought. When observed tropical Pacific wind stress anomalies are inserted into coupled models, the simulations produce persistent negative sea surface temperature anomalies in the eastern tropical Pacific, a hiatus in global warming, and drought over North America driven by SST-induced atmospheric circulation anomalies. In the simulations herein the tropical wind anomalies account for 92% of the simulated North American drought during the recent decade, with 8% from anthropogenic radiative forcing changes. This suggests that anthropogenic radiative forcing is not the dominant driver of the current drought, unless the wind changes themselves are driven by anthropogenic radiative forcing. The anomalous tropical winds could also originate from coupled interactions in the tropical Pacific or from forcing outside the tropical Pacific. The model experiments suggest that if the tropical winds were to return to climatological conditions, then the recent tendency toward North American drought would diminish. Alternatively, if the anomalous tropical winds were to persist, then the impact on North American drought would continue; however, the impact of the enhanced Pacific easterlies on global temperature diminishes after a decade or two due to a surface re-emergence of warmer water that was initially subducted into the ocean interior. C1 [Delworth, Thomas L.; Zeng, Fanrong; Rosati, Anthony; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Wittenberg, Andrew T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Rosati, Anthony] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Delworth, TL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd,Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM tom.delworth@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; NR 53 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 7 U2 50 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY 1 PY 2015 VL 28 IS 9 BP 3834 EP 3845 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00616.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH2EJ UT WOS:000353838200024 ER PT J AU Kim, HM Alexander, MA AF Kim, Hye-Mi Alexander, Michael A. TI ENSO's Modulation of Water Vapor Transport over the Pacific-North American Region SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; EL-NINO; UNITED-STATES; EXTREME PRECIPITATION; CLIMATOLOGY; MOISTURE; CONNECTION; CALIFORNIA; PATTERNS; EVENTS AB The vertically integrated water vapor transport (IVT) over the Pacific-North American sector during three phases of ENSO in boreal winter (December-February) is investigated using IVT values calculated from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) during 1979-2010. The shift of the location and sign of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical Pacific Ocean leads to different atmospheric responses and thereby changes the seasonal mean moisture transport into North America. During eastern Pacific El Nino (EPEN) events, large positive IVT anomalies extend northeastward from the subtropical Pacific into the northwestern United States following the anomalous cyclonic flow around a deeper Aleutian low, while a southward shift of the cyclonic circulation during central Pacific El Nino (CPEN) events induces the transport of moisture into the southwestern United States. In addition, moisture from the eastern tropical Pacific is transported from the deep tropical eastern Pacific into Mexico and the southwestern United States during CPEN. During La Nina (NINA), the seasonal mean IVT anomaly is opposite to that of two El Nino phases. Analyses of 6-hourly IVT anomalies indicate that there is strong moisture transport from the North Pacific into the northwestern and southwestern United States during EPEN and CPEN, respectively. The IVT is maximized on the southeastern side of a low located over the eastern North Pacific, where the low is weaker but located farther south and closer to shore during CPEN than during EPEN. Moisture enters the southwestern United States from the eastern tropical Pacific during NINA via anticyclonic circulation associated with a ridge over the southern United States. C1 [Kim, Hye-Mi] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Alexander, Michael A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kim, HM (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM hyemi.kim@stonybrook.edu RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 FU Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [APCC2013-3141]; Bureau of Reclamation FX The constructive and valuable comments of two reviewers are greatly appreciated. Kim was supported by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant APCC2013-3141. Alexander was supported by grants from the Bureau of Reclamation. We thank James D. Scott for providing the IVT data and Drs. Kathy Pegion (GMU) and Klaus Wolter (NOAA/ESRL) for their insightful suggestions. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY 1 PY 2015 VL 28 IS 9 BP 3846 EP 3856 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00725.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH2EJ UT WOS:000353838200025 ER PT J AU Wang, GQ Soler, T AF Wang, Guoquan Soler, Tomas TI Measuring Land Subsidence Using GPS: Ellipsoid Height versus Orthometric Height SO JOURNAL OF SURVEYING ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Subsidence; Ellipsoid height; Orthometric height; Geoid height; Online Positioning User Service (OPUS); Precise Point Positioning (PPP) ID VIRGIN-ISLANDS REGION; PUERTO-RICO; REFERENCE FRAME AB Global positioning system (GPS) technology has been frequently used to monitor geological hazards associated with ground deformations, such as long-term landslides and subsidence. When GPS data are processed, they yield ellipsoid heights, which are the distances above a smooth ellipsoid surface. However, orthometric heights are often used in practical surveying and engineering applications. Orthometric height is a physical quantity that refers to the surface of the geoid. In this study, a more practical alternative definition of orthometric height is used. This approximation is the one commonly implemented in practical surveying and engineering applications to compute relative orthometric height values. This well-known procedure computes orthometric heights by combining GPS-measured ellipsoid height and a geoid model. Any type of orthometric height is a physically based quantity. GPS alone, which is a geometric technique, cannot directly measure orthometric heights. This study investigates the vertical displacements (subsidence or uplift) derived independently from ellipsoid heights on one hand and modeled orthometric heights (computed from GPS and a geoid model) on the other hand and compares the results. Long-term GPS observations at a subsidence site in Houston, Texas, and a landslide site in Ponce, Puerto Rico, are investigated as examples. The major conclusion derived from this study is that, in practice, directly GPS-obtained ellipsoid heights and GPS-derived orthometric heights determined using GPS and a geoid model will result in the same subsidence measurements. Hence, ellipsoid heights derived from GPS observations, which are geometric quantities, could be directly used to measure long-term subsidence without the need of performing leveling techniques. It was further concluded that the choice of the software packages for GPS data postprocessing [Precise Point Positioning (PPP) and/or Online Positioning User Service (OPUS)] was not critical for tracking long-term subsidence rates. However, users should avoid mixing the ellipsoid heights calculated by different software packages or by different versions of the same software package processed at different times. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Wang, Guoquan] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Natl Ctr Airborne Laser Mapping, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Soler, Tomas] NOAA, Spatial Reference Syst Div, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wang, GQ (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Natl Ctr Airborne Laser Mapping, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM gwang@uh.edu; tom.soler@noaa.gov RI Soler, Tomas/F-6386-2010 FU NSF CAREER award [EAR-1229278]; NSF MRI award [EAR-1242383]; NSF TUES award [DUE-1243582] FX The authors thank the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District for providing their GPS data to the public. The first author appreciates the OPUS team at NGS for allowing him to upload large GPS data sets to OPUS. This study was supported by an NSF CAREER award EAR-1229278, an NSF MRI award EAR-1242383, and an NSF TUES award DUE-1243582. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 14 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9453 EI 1943-5428 J9 J SURV ENG JI J. Surv. Eng.-ASCE PD MAY PY 2015 VL 141 IS 2 AR 05014004 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000137 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA CG8WM UT WOS:000353596400001 ER PT J AU Reasor, PD Montgomery, MT AF Reasor, Paul D. Montgomery, Michael T. TI Evaluation of a Heuristic Model for Tropical Cyclone Resilience SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; WAVE-NUMBER; VORTEX RESILIENCY; RADIAL STRUCTURE; INFLOW LAYER; HURRICANE; INTENSITY; VORTICES; MOTION; AXISYMMETRIZATION AB This work examines the applicability of a previously postulated heuristic model for the temporal evolution of the small-amplitude tilt of a tropical cyclone-like vortex under vertical shear forcing for both a dry and cloudy atmosphere. The heuristic model hinges on the existence of a quasi-discrete vortex Rossby wave and its ability to represent the coherent precession and tilt decay of a stable vortex in the free-alignment problem. Linearized numerical solutions for a dry and cloudy vortex confirm the model predictions that an increase in the magnitude of the radial potential vorticity (PV) gradient within the vortex skirt surrounding the core yields a more rapid evolution of a sheared vortex toward the equilibrium, left-of-shear tilt configuration. However, in the moist-neutral limit, in which the effective static stability vanishes in rising and sinking regions, the heuristic model yields a poor approximation to the simulated vortex core evolution, but a left-of-shear tilt of the near-core vortex, radially beyond the heating region, remains the preferred long-time solution. Within the near-core skirt, the PV perturbation generated by vertical shearing exhibits continuous-spectrum-type vortex Rossby waves, features that are not captured by the heuristic model. Nevertheless, the heuristic model continues to predict the rapid vertical alignment and equilibrium, left-of-shear tilt configuration of the simulated near-core vortex in the moist-neutral limit. C1 [Reasor, Paul D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. RP Reasor, PD (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM paul.reasor@noaa.gov RI Reasor, Paul/B-2932-2014 OI Reasor, Paul/0000-0001-6407-017X FU NSF [ATM-0514199, AGS-0733380, AGS-1313948]; NOAA's Hurricane Research Division; U.S. Naval Postgraduate School FX The first author (P. D. R.) would like to acknowledge support from NSF ATM-0514199. Both authors would like to thank Dr. David Schecter for stimulating discussions that helped motivate this study and for his insightful comments on the manuscript, including the comment that motivated Eq. (15). We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their substantive comments, which have helped clarify both thought and presentation. The second author (M. T. M.) would like to acknowledge support from NSF AGS-0733380, AGS-1313948, NOAA's Hurricane Research Division, and the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1765 EP 1782 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0318.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH2FC UT WOS:000353840100005 ER PT J AU Kumar, VV Jakob, C Protat, A Williams, CR May, PT AF Kumar, Vickal V. Jakob, Christian Protat, Alain Williams, Christopher R. May, Peter T. TI Mass-Flux Characteristics of Tropical Cumulus Clouds from Wind Profiler Observations at Darwin, Australia SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL MOTION; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; DOPPLER RADAR; SQUALL LINE; TOGA COARE; PARAMETERIZATION; CUMULONIMBUS; ENVIRONMENT; MOISTURE; BUDGETS AB Cumulus parameterizations in weather and climate models frequently apply mass-flux schemes in their description of tropical convection. Mass flux constitutes the product of the fractional area covered by convection in a model grid box and the vertical velocity in cumulus clouds. However, vertical velocities are difficult to observe on GCM scales, making the evaluation of mass-flux schemes difficult. Here, the authors combine high-temporal-resolution observations of in-cloud vertical velocities derived from a pair of wind profilers over two wet seasons at Darwin with physical properties of precipitating clouds [cloud-top heights (CTH), convective-stratiform classification] derived from the Darwin C-band polarimetric radar to provide estimates of cumulus mass flux and its constituents. The length of this dataset allows for investigations of the contributions from different cumulus cloud types-namely, congestus, deep, and overshooting convection-to the overall mass flux and of the influence of large-scale conditions on mass flux. The authors found that mass flux was dominated by updrafts and, in particular, the updraft area fraction, with updraft vertical velocity playing a secondary role. The updraft vertical velocities peaked above 10 km where both the updraft area fractions and air densities were small, resulting in a marginal effect on mass-flux values. Downdraft area fractions are much smaller and velocities aremuch weaker than those in updrafts. The area fraction responded strongly to changes in midlevel large-scale vertical motion and convective inhibition (CIN). In contrast, changes in the lower-tropospheric relative humidity and convective available potential energy (CAPE) strongly modulate in-cloud vertical velocities but have moderate impacts on area fractions. Although average mass flux is found to increase with increasing CTH, it is the environmental conditions that seem to dictate the magnitude of mass flux produced by convection through a combination of effects on area fraction and velocity. C1 [Kumar, Vickal V.; Jakob, Christian] Monash Univ, Sch Earth Atmosphere & Environm, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. [Jakob, Christian] Monash Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Climate Sys, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. [Protat, Alain; May, Peter T.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Williams, Christopher R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Williams, Christopher R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kumar, VV (reprint author), Australian Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, GPO Box 1289, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. EM v.kumar@bom.gov.au RI Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015; Jakob, Christian/A-1082-2010 OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850; Jakob, Christian/0000-0002-5012-3207 FU U.S. Department of Energy ARM Program [DE-FG02-09ER64742] FX This work has been supported by the U.S. Department of Energy ARM Program (DE-FG02-09ER64742). We would like to acknowledge the contributions of Brad Atkinson and Michael Whimpey in supporting the Darwin observatory and data management. V. Kumar thanks Ed Zipser and two other referees for reviewing this paper. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1837 EP 1855 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0259.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH2FC UT WOS:000353840100009 ER PT J AU Byrne, D Papritz, L Frenger, I Munnich, M Gruber, N AF Byrne, David Papritz, Lukas Frenger, Ivy Muennich, Matthias Gruber, Nicolas TI Atmospheric Response to Mesoscale Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies: Assessment of Mechanisms and Coupling Strength in a High-Resolution Coupled Model over the South Atlantic SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WIND STRESS; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; EDDY DETECTION; OCEANIC MODEL; GULF-STREAM; FRONTS; VARIABILITY AB Many aspects of the coupling between the ocean and atmosphere at the mesoscale (on the order of 20-100 km) remain unknown. While recent observations from the Southern Ocean revealed that circular fronts associated with oceanic mesoscale eddies leave a distinct imprint on the overlying wind, cloud coverage, and rain, the mechanisms responsible for explaining these atmospheric changes are not well established. Here the atmospheric response above mesoscale ocean eddies is investigated utilizing a newly developed coupled atmosphere-ocean regional model [Consortium for Small-Scale Modeling-Regional Ocean Modelling System (COSMO-ROMS)] configured at a horizontal resolution of similar to 10 km for the South Atlantic and run for a 3-month period during austral winter of 2004. The model-simulated changes in surface wind, cloud fraction, and rain above the oceanic eddies are very consistent with the relationships inferred from satellite observations for the same region and time. From diagnosing the model's momentum balance, it is shown that the atmospheric imprint of the oceanic eddies are driven by the modification of vertical mixing in the atmospheric boundary layer, rather than secondary flows driven by horizontal pressure gradients. This is largely due to the very limited ability of the atmosphere to adjust its temperature over the time scale it takes for an air parcel to pass over these mesoscale oceanic features. This results in locally enhanced vertical gradients between the ocean surface and the overlying air and thus a rapid change in turbulent mixing in the atmospheric boundary layer and an associated change in the vertical momentum flux. C1 [Byrne, David; Frenger, Ivy; Muennich, Matthias; Gruber, Nicolas] ETH, Environm Phys Grp, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Zurich, Switzerland. [Byrne, David; Papritz, Lukas] ETH, Ctr Climate Syst Modeling, Zurich, Switzerland. [Papritz, Lukas] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Frenger, Ivy] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Byrne, D (reprint author), Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Environm Phys Grp, CHN E 23-2,Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM david.byrne@usys.ethz.ch RI Gruber, Nicolas/B-7013-2009; Frenger, Ivy/B-9023-2017; OI Gruber, Nicolas/0000-0002-2085-2310; Frenger, Ivy/0000-0002-3490-7239; Papritz, Lukas/0000-0002-2047-9544 FU ETH [CH2-01 11-1] FX This work has been supported by ETH Research Grant CH2-01 11-1, "Modeling the Water Cycle in a Changing Climate: A Multiscale Interaction Challenge.'' We acknowledge the technical support of the Center for Climate Systems Modeling, Stephan Pfahl, and Anne Roches and are grateful to the two anonymous reviewers for their comments, which helped to improve the manuscript. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1872 EP 1890 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0195.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH2FC UT WOS:000353840100011 ER PT J AU Miao, JW Ishikawa, T Robinson, IK Murnane, MM AF Miao, Jianwei Ishikawa, Tetsuya Robinson, Ian K. Murnane, Margaret M. TI Beyond crystallography: Diffractive imaging using coherent x-ray light sources SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE DETERMINATION; MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; NANOSCALE; PROTEIN; NANOCRYSTALS; REFLECTION; DYNAMICS; OBJECTS AB X-ray crystallography has been central to the development of many fields of science over the past century. It has now matured to a point that as long as good-quality crystals are available, their atomic structure can be routinely determined in three dimensions. However, many samples in physics, chemistry, materials science, nanoscience, geology, and biology are noncrystalline, and thus their three-dimensional structures are not accessible by traditional x-ray crystallography. Overcoming this hurdle has required the development of new coherent imaging methods to harness new coherent x-ray light sources. Here we review the revolutionary advances that are transforming x-ray sources and imaging in the 21st century. C1 [Miao, Jianwei] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Miao, Jianwei] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Ishikawa, Tetsuya] RIKEN SPring 8 Ctr, Sayo, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. [Robinson, Ian K.] UCL, London Ctr Nanotechnol, London WC1H 0AH, England. [Robinson, Ian K.] Res Complex Harwell, Oxford OX11 0DE, England. [Murnane, Margaret M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Murnane, Margaret M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Miao, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM miao@physics.ucla.edu RI Ishikawa, Tetsuya/I-4775-2012 OI Ishikawa, Tetsuya/0000-0002-6906-9909 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency PULSE program through a grant from AMRDEC; NSF [DMR-1437263]; NSF; DOE; SRC; ERC "Advanced" grant FX We thank C. Pellegrini and J. M. Rodenburg for stimulating discussions and H. Jiang, J. Zhou, Y. Yang, and D. Adams for help with the figures and references. J. M. and M. M. M. acknowledge support from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency PULSE program through a grant from AMRDEC. J. M. thanks support from NSF (grant DMR-1437263). M. M. M. thanks support from NSF, DOE, and SRC. I.K.R. acknowledges support from an ERC "Advanced" grant. The University of Colorado and the University of Michigan have patents coauthored by M. M. M. in the area of high harmonic sources: U.S. Patent 8,462,824 (2013) and U.S. Patent 6151155 (2000). NR 61 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 36 U2 174 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 1 PY 2015 VL 348 IS 6234 BP 530 EP 535 DI 10.1126/science.aaa1394 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CH1JR UT WOS:000353778100031 PM 25931551 ER PT J AU Brown, RC Wyllie, R Koller, SB Goldschmidt, EA Foss-Feig, M Porto, JV AF Brown, R. C. Wyllie, R. Koller, S. B. Goldschmidt, E. A. Foss-Feig, M. Porto, J. V. TI Two-dimensional superexchange-mediated magnetization dynamics in an optical lattice SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MANY-BODY SYSTEM; QUANTUM; PROPAGATION; ATOMS AB The interplay of magnetic exchange interactions and tunneling underlies many complex quantum phenomena observed in real materials. We study nonequilibrium magnetization dynamics in an extended two-dimensional (2D) system by loading effective spin-1/2 bosons into a spin-dependent optical lattice and use the lattice to separately control the resonance conditions for tunneling and superexchange. After preparing a nonequilibrium antiferromagnetically ordered state, we observe relaxation dynamics governed by two well-separated rates, which scale with the parameters associated with superexchange and tunneling. With tunneling off-resonantly suppressed, we observe superexchange-dominated dynamics over two orders of magnitude in magnetic coupling strength. Our experiment will serve as a benchmark for future theoretical work as the detailed dynamics of this 2D, strongly correlated, and far-from-equilibrium quantum system remain out of reach of current computational techniques. C1 [Porto, J. V.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Porto, JV (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM porto@jqi.umd.edu RI Brown, Roger/A-9630-2009; OI Brown, Roger/0000-0002-8228-4283; Goldschmidt, Elizabeth/0000-0002-6553-9731 FU Army Research Office's atomtronics Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative; NIST; National Research Council Research Associateship program FX This work was partially supported by the Army Research Office's atomtronics Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative and NIST. M.F.F. and E.A.G. acknowledge support from the National Research Council Research Associateship program. We thank B. Grinkemeyer for his contributions to the data taking effort, E. Tiesinga and S. Paul for discussions about tight-binding models, and A. V. Gorshkov and S. Sugawa for a critical reading of the manuscript. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 20 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 1 PY 2015 VL 348 IS 6234 BP 540 EP 544 DI 10.1126/science.aaa1385 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CH1JR UT WOS:000353778100033 PM 25931552 ER PT J AU Klysubun, W Hauzenberger, CA Ravel, B Klysubun, P Huang, YY Wongtepa, W Sombunchoo, P AF Klysubun, Wantana Hauzenberger, Christoph A. Ravel, Bruce Klysubun, Prapong Huang, Yuying Wongtepa, Weeraya Sombunchoo, Panidtha TI Understanding the blue color in antique mosaic mirrored glass from the Temple of the Emerald Buddha, Thailand SO X-RAY SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th European Conference on X-Ray Spectrometry (EXRS) CY JUN 15-20, 2014 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Univ Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum, Dept Ind Engn, European X Ray Spectrometry Assoc, Int Radiat Phys Soc, Fondazione Cassa Risparmio Bologna ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; SILICATE-GLASSES; IRON; YELLOW; ORIGIN; COPPER; STATE; IONS; RED AB Two samples of the blue glass produced in the middle 19th century from the Temple of the Emerald Buddha in Bangkok, Thailand, were studied in order to understand the origin of its blue color. The oxide components and trace elements are quantitatively determined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive and wavelength-dispersive spectrometry and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy techniques. The results identify the glass type as soda-lime-silica glass with high lead content. The 3d transition elements detected include iron, manganese, cobalt, and copper. Combined analyses of X-ray absorption near edge structures and optical absorbance lead to a conclusion that the antique glass is primarily colored in blue by the divalent cobalt with additional yellow coloration as a result of the trivalent iron. The tetrahedral coordination geometry of these two species was deduced from the XANES pre-edge intensity and the optical absorption bands of their d-d transitions. The redox ratios of Fe2+/Fe3+, Mn2+/Mn3+, and Cu1+/Cu2+ in the original blue glass and the reference glasses were determined by the K-edge XANES analysis. The blue color of the antique glass can be reproduced in a laboratory glass on the basis of composition and melting conditions. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Klysubun, Wantana; Klysubun, Prapong; Wongtepa, Weeraya; Sombunchoo, Panidtha] Synchrotron Light Res Inst, Muang 30000, Nakhon Ratchasi, Thailand. [Hauzenberger, Christoph A.] Karl Franzens Univ Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Ravel, Bruce] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Huang, Yuying] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiat Facil, Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201204, Peoples R China. RP Klysubun, W (reprint author), Synchrotron Light Res Inst, 111 Univ Ave, Muang 30000, Nakhon Ratchasi, Thailand. EM wantana@slri.or.th FU Synchrotron Light Research Institute; Twentieth Session of China-Thailand Joint Committee on Science and Technology Cooperation [20-628J]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX With assistance from Prof. Jong-orn Berananda, samples of Kriab mirror from the Temple of the Emerald Buddha were provided by Thailand's Bureau of the Royal Household under the permission of Her Royal Highness Maha Chakri Sirindhorn. This work was funded by Synchrotron Light Research Institute and the Twentieth Session of China-Thailand Joint Committee on Science and Technology Cooperation (20-628J). Lihua Wang at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Onsulang Sophiphun at Suranaree University of Technology, and Supanun Lapboonrueng at Synchrotron Light Research Institute are thanked for their experimental assistance. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The silica reagent used in this study was provided free of charge by Natural Sand Glass Co., LTD (Rayong, Thailand). NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0049-8246 EI 1097-4539 J9 X-RAY SPECTROM JI X-Ray Spectrom. PD MAY-JUN PY 2015 VL 44 IS 3 SI SI BP 116 EP 123 DI 10.1002/xrs.2586 PG 8 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA CG9OD UT WOS:000353644500006 ER PT J AU Sans, M Mones, P Figueiro, G Barreto, I Motti, JMB Coble, MD Bravi, CM Hidalgo, PC AF Sans, Monica Mones, Pablo Figueiro, Gonzalo Barreto, Isabel Motti, Josefina M. B. Coble, Michael D. Bravi, Claudio M. Hidalgo, Pedro C. TI The Mitochondrial DNA History of a Former Native American Village in Northern Uruguay SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTROL REGION SEQUENCES; ATLANTIC SLAVE-TRADE; CENTRAL ARGENTINA; HAPLOGROUP-X; MTDNA; POPULATION; DATABASE; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; SPREAD; GENE AB ObjectivesIn 1828, between 8,000 and 15,000 Indians from the Jesuit Missions were brought to Uruguay. There, they were settled in a village, presently named Bella Union, in the northwest corner of the country. According to historic sources, the Indians abandoned the settlement shortly thereafter, with the village subsequently repopulated by criollos and immigrants from abroad. As a first approach to reconstruct the genetic history of the population, data about the living population genetic structure will be used. Based on the analysis of the maternal lineages of the inhabitants of Bella Union, and of those from two nearby villages, we expect to partially answer what happened with the first and subsequent inhabitants. MethodsWe analyzed the maternal lineages of the present inhabitants of Bella Union and neighboring localities through the sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA control region. ResultsA total of 64.3%, 5.7%, and 30% of the mtDNAs were of Native, African, and West Eurasian origin, respectively. These figures are quite similar to that of the population of Tacuarembo, which is located in northeastern Uruguay. The four main Native American founding haplogroups were detected, with B2 being the most frequent, while some rare subhaplogroups (B2h, C1b2, D1f1) were also found. When compared with other Native American sequences, near- matches most consistently pointed to an Amazonian Indian origin which, when considered with historical evidence, suggested a probable Guarani-Missionary-related origin. ConclusionsThe data support the existence of a relationship between the historic and present inhabitants of the extreme northwest Uruguay, with a strong contribution of Native Americans to the mitochondrial DNA diversity observed there. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:407-416, 2015. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Sans, Monica; Mones, Pablo; Figueiro, Gonzalo; Barreto, Isabel; Hidalgo, Pedro C.] Univ Republica, Fac Humanidades & Ciencias Educac, Dept Antropol Biol, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Motti, Josefina M. B.] Univ Nacl Ctr Prov Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Sociales, Lab Ecol Evolut Humana, Quequen, Argentina. [Motti, Josefina M. B.; Bravi, Claudio M.] Univ Nacl La Plata, Fac Ciencias Nat & Museo, RA-1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Coble, Michael D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bravi, Claudio M.] CCT La Plata CONICET CICPBA, Inst Multidisciplinario Biol Celular IMBICE, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Hidalgo, Pedro C.] Univ Republ, Ctr Univ Tacuarembo, Tacuarembo, Uruguay. RP Sans, M (reprint author), Magallanes 1577, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay. EM mbsans@gmail.com FU PICT (Argentina) [715]; PIP (Argentina); US National Institute of Justice [2005-DN-R-086] FX Contract grant sponsor: PICT (Argentina); Contract grant number: 2008 No 715; Contract grant sponsor: PIP (Argentina); Contract grant number: 2010 No 1 (to C.M.B.); Contract grant sponsor: US National Institute of Justice (Interagency Agreement); Contract grant number: 2005-DN-R-086. NR 88 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1042-0533 EI 1520-6300 J9 AM J HUM BIOL JI Am. J. Hum. Biol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2015 VL 27 IS 3 BP 407 EP 416 DI 10.1002/ajhb.22667 PG 10 WC Anthropology; Biology SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA CG4ZZ UT WOS:000353299400015 PM 25470985 ER PT J AU Nugent-Glandorf, L Giorgetta, FR Diddams, SA AF Nugent-Glandorf, Lora Giorgetta, Fabrizio R. Diddams, Scott A. TI Open-air, broad-bandwidth trace gas sensing with a mid-infrared optical frequency comb SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID IMAGED PHASED-ARRAY; PHOTONIC BANDGAP FIBER; MU-M; PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROMETER; METHANE; LASERS AB A mid-infrared frequency comb is produced via an optical parametric oscillator pumped by an amplified 100 MHz Yb:fiber mode-locked laser. We use this source to make measurements of the concentration of the atmospherically relevant species of CH4 and H2O over a bandwidth of 100 nm centered at 3.25 mu m. Multiple absorption lines for each species are detected with millisecond acquisition time using a virtual-image phased array spectrometer. The measured wavelength-dependent absorption profile is compared to and fitted by a model, yielding quantitative values of the atmospheric concentration of both CH4 and H2O in a controlled indoor environment, as well as over a 26-m open-air outdoor path . C1 [Nugent-Glandorf, Lora; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Nugent-Glandorf, L (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lng@boulder.nist.gov; scott.diddams@nist.gov RI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014 OI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912 FU NIST FX The authors thank Tyler Neely and Florian Adler for assistance in building and testing the Yb laser, amplifier, OPO and VIPA spectrometer, and Fetah Benabib for providing the air-core PCF. We are also grateful to J. Kofler, G. Petron, C. Sweeney and P. Tans from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in Boulder, CO for the independent measurement of methane and water during the outdoor measurements. We are indebted to Nathan Newbury for sharing his laboratory space, equipment and expertise as well as Flavio Cruz for helpful discussions. This work is supported by NIST and is a contribution of the US government; it is not subject to copyright in the USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 EI 1432-0649 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 119 IS 2 BP 327 EP 338 DI 10.1007/s00340-015-6070-8 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA CG5RB UT WOS:000353350400013 ER PT J AU Petersen, EJ AF Petersen, Elijah J. TI In Response: Measurement science challenges that complicate the assessment of the potential ecotoxicological risks of carbon nanomaterials-A governmental perspective SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID NANO GO CONSORTIUM; INTERLABORATORY EVALUATION; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; NANOTUBES; ECOTOXICITY C1 NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Petersen, EJ (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 34 IS 5 BP 955 EP 957 DI 10.1002/etc.2900 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CG6LQ UT WOS:000353412800003 PM 25900472 ER PT J AU Wang, LL Dong, YL Zhang, DS Zhang, C AF Wang, Lingling Dong, Yuli Zhang, Dashan Zhang, Chao TI Experimental Study of Heat Transfer in Intumescent Coatings Exposed to Non-Standard Furnace Curves SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Intumescent coating; Non-standard fires; Effective thermal conductivity; Thermal insulating property; SEM test ID CONE CALORIMETER; PERFORMANCE AB This paper reports the results of an experimental study on fire protection performance of intumescent coatings exposed to three non-standard fire curves. Intumescent coatings were applied to steel plates to make test specimens and, in total, furnace tests were performed on 36 specimens. The effective thermal conductivities of the intumescent coatings were calculated based on the measured steel and furnace temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests were conducted to give some information on the difference in inner structure of intumescent char. Results of the experimental studies reveal that the fire protection performance of intumescent coating is highly dependent on the heating rate and maximum temperature of the fire condition. Different pore structures of the intumescent chars were obtained when intumescent coatings were subjected to fires with varied heating rates. The reaction steps of intumescent coating underwent depended on the maximum temperature of the fire condition. The consequence of this is changed expansion ratio and inner structure of intumescent char and then different effective thermal conductivity. When subjected to non-standard fire I, the reaction process of intumescent coating was incomplete and no "honeycomb" pore structure was observed; in comparison, the coating underwent complete reaction process and compact "honeycomb" pore structure was obtained when exposed to non-standard fire III; the maximum difference for representative values of effective thermal conductivities was up to 48.8%. In addition, due to the peculiar flame retardant mechanism of the intumescent coating, increasing the coating thickness does not always yield insulating property benefit. C1 [Wang, Lingling; Dong, Yuli; Zhang, Dashan] Huaqiao Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Xiamen, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Chao] Tongji Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Chao] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, LL (reprint author), Huaqiao Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Xiamen, Peoples R China. EM wanglinglingmary@aliyun.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51308237]; Fujian province [2014J01198] FX This research is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China through the contract 51308237 and a research Grant (2014J01198) from Fujian province. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 EI 1572-8099 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 51 IS 3 BP 627 EP 643 DI 10.1007/s10694-015-0460-7 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA CF9AU UT WOS:000352854700011 ER PT J AU Kanno, Y Letcher, BH Hitt, NP Boughton, DA Wofford, JEB Zipkin, EF AF Kanno, Yoichiro Letcher, Benjamin H. Hitt, Nathaniel P. Boughton, David A. Wofford, John E. B. Zipkin, Elise F. TI Seasonal weather patterns drive population vital rates and persistence in a stream fish SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air temperature; climate change; count data; N-mixture models; precipitation; salmonids; stage-structured populations ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BROOK TROUT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BROWN TROUT; DEMOGRAPHIC-ANALYSIS; STRUCTURED POPULATION; JUVENILE SURVIVAL; WATER TEMPERATURE; UNITED-STATES; SALMO-TRUTTA AB Climate change affects seasonal weather patterns, but little is known about the relative importance of seasonal weather patterns on animal population vital rates. Even when such information exists, data are typically only available from intensive fieldwork (e.g., mark-recapture studies) at a limited spatial extent. Here, we investigated effects of seasonal air temperature and precipitation (fall, winter, and spring) on survival and recruitment of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) at a broad spatial scale using a novel stage-structured population model. The data were a 15-year record of brook trout abundance from 72 sites distributed across a 170-km-long mountain range in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA. Population vital rates responded differently to weather and site-specific conditions. Specifically, young-of-year survival was most strongly affected by spring temperature, adult survival by elevation and per-capita recruitment by winter precipitation. Low fall precipitation and high winter precipitation, the latter of which is predicted to increase under climate change for the study region, had the strongest negative effects on trout populations. Simulations show that trout abundance could be greatly reduced under constant high winter precipitation, consistent with the expected effects of gravel-scouring flows on eggs and newly hatched individuals. However, high-elevation sites would be less vulnerable to local extinction because they supported higher adult survival. Furthermore, the majority of brook trout populations are projected to persist if high winter precipitation occurs only intermittently (3 of 5years) due to density-dependent recruitment. Variable drivers of vital rates should be commonly found in animal populations characterized by ontogenetic changes in habitat, and such stage-structured effects may increase population persistence to changing climate by not affecting all life stages simultaneously. Yet, our results also demonstrate that weather patterns during seemingly less consequential seasons (e.g., winter precipitation) can have major impacts on animal population dynamics. C1 [Kanno, Yoichiro] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Conservat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Letcher, Benjamin H.] US Geol Survey, Silvio O Conte Anadromous Fish Res Branch, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Hitt, Nathaniel P.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Boughton, David A.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Wofford, John E. B.] Shenandoah Natl Pk, Luray, VA 22835 USA. [Zipkin, Elise F.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Kanno, Y (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Conservat, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM ykanno@clemson.edu FU US Geological Survey FX We thank the National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program and more specifically Jim Atkinson and David Demarest for their efforts in the field. This manuscript is a contribution from a working group at the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, funded by the US Geological Survey. An earlier version of this manuscript was greatly improved by constructive comments from two anonymous reviewers. NR 91 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 10 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1856 EP 1870 DI 10.1111/gcb.12837 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CG3ZX UT WOS:000353220500010 PM 25523515 ER PT J AU Wootton, TP Sepulveda, CA Wegner, NC AF Wootton, Thomas P. Sepulveda, Chugey A. Wegner, Nicholas C. TI Gill Morphometrics of the Thresher Sharks (Genus Alopias): Correlation of Gill Dimensions with Aerobic Demand and Environmental Oxygen SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gill surface area; elasmobranch; hypoxia; aerobic metabolism; regional endothermy; diffusion capacity ID ISURUS-OXYRINCHUS; SHORTFIN MAKO; FISH GILLS; ELASMOBRANCH FISHES; RAM VENTILATION; PACIFIC-OCEAN; LAMNID SHARK; MINIMUM ZONE; MORPHOLOGY; SUPERCILIOSUS AB Gill morphometrics of the three thresher shark species (genus Alopias) were determined to examine how metabolism and habitat correlate with respiratory specialization for increased gas exchange. Thresher sharks have large gill surface areas, short water-blood barrier distances, and thin lamellae. Their large gill areas are derived from long total filament lengths and large lamellae, a morphometric configuration documented for other active elasmobranchs (i.e., lamnid sharks, Lamnidae) that augments respiratory surface area while limiting increases in branchial resistance to ventilatory flow. The bigeye thresher, Alopias superciliosus, which can experience prolonged exposure to hypoxia during diel vertical migrations, has the largest gill surface area documented for any elasmobranch species studied to date. The pelagic thresher shark, A. pelagicus, a warm-water epi-pelagic species, has a gill surface area comparable to that of the common thresher shark, A. vulpinus, despite the latter's expected higher aerobic requirements associated with regional endothermy. In addition, A. vulpinus has a significantly longer water-blood barrier distance than A. pelagicus and A. superciliosus, which likely reflects its cold, well-oxygenated habitat relative to the two other Alopias species. In fast-swimming fishes (such as A. vulpinus and A. pelagicus) cranial streamlining may impose morphological constraints on gill size. However, such constraints may be relaxed in hypoxia-dwelling species (such as A. superciliosus) that are likely less dependent on streamlining and can therefore accommodate larger branchial chambers and gills. J. Morphol. 276:589-600, 2015. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Wootton, Thomas P.; Wegner, Nicholas C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Sepulveda, Chugey A.] Pfleger Inst Environm Res, Oceanside, CA 92054 USA. [Wegner, Nicholas C.] NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resource Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Wegner, NC (reprint author), Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM nick.wegner@noaa.gov FU NSF [IOS-0817774]; Pfleger Institute of Environmental Research; George T. Pfleger Foundation FX The authors thank S. Aalbers, D. Bernal, D. Cartamil, J.B. Graham, D. Kacev, C. McCue, E. Kisfaludy, J. Patterson, and collaborators at the Pfleger Institute of Environmental Research. They also thank A. Preti, J. Wraith, and two anonymous reviewers for their useful critiques of this manuscript. This work was supported by NSF grant IOS-0817774, the Pfleger Institute of Environmental Research, and the George T. Pfleger Foundation. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0362-2525 EI 1097-4687 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 276 IS 5 BP 589 EP 600 DI 10.1002/jmor.20369 PG 12 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA CG4DU UT WOS:000353234000010 PM 25703507 ER PT J AU Ge, ZH Wei, KY Lewis, H Martin, J Nolas, GS AF Ge, Zhen-Hua Wei, Kaya Lewis, Hutton Martin, Joshua Nolas, George S. TI Bottom-up processing and low temperature transport properties of polycrystalline SnSe SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SnSe nanorod; Hydrothermal; Transport properties ID THIN-FILMS; CRYSTALS AB A hydrothermal approach was employed to efficiently synthesize SnSe nanorods. The nanorods were consolidated into polycrystalline SnSe by spark plasma sintering for low temperature electrical and thermal properties characterization. The low temperature transport properties indicate semiconducting behavior with a typical dielectric temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity. The transport properties are discussed in light of the recent interest in this material for thermoelectric applications. The nanorod growth mechanism is also discussed in detail. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ge, Zhen-Hua; Wei, Kaya; Lewis, Hutton; Nolas, George S.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Martin, Joshua] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nolas, GS (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM gnolas@usf.edu RI GE, ZHENHUA/L-2040-2013 OI GE, ZHENHUA/0000-0001-8810-5103 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1400957]; II-VI Foundation Block-Gift Program; U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DE-FG02-04ER46145] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant no. DMR-1400957. K.W. acknowledges support from the II-VI Foundation Block-Gift Program. We also acknowledge support by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, under Award no. DE-FG02-04ER46145 for SPS densification. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 17 U2 108 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 EI 1095-726X J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 225 BP 354 EP 358 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2015.01.004 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CF8QW UT WOS:000352828000051 ER PT J AU da Costa, F Robert, R Quere, C Wikfors, GH Soudant, P AF da Costa, Fiz Robert, Rene Quere, Claudie Wikfors, Gary H. Soudant, Philippe TI Essential Fatty Acid Assimilation and Synthesis in Larvae of the Bivalve Crassostrea gigas SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article DE Fatty acid; Larvae; Lipids; Metabolism; Oyster; Synthesis ID PECTEN-MAXIMUS L; LIPID-COMPOSITION; ALGAL DIETS; GROWTH; OYSTERS; SCALLOP; BIOSYNTHESIS; METABOLISM; NUTRITION; EMULSIONS AB Essential fatty acids (EFA) are important for bivalve larval survival and growth. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess for the first time through a mass-balance approach dietary EFA incorporation and synthesis within Crassostrea gigas larvae. A first experiment was carried out using two microalgae, Tisochrysis lutea (T) and Chaetoceros neogracile (Cg), as mono- and bi-specific diets. A second experiment using a similar design was performed to confirm and extend the results obtained in the first. Flow-through larval rearing was used for accurate control of food supply and measurement of ingestion. Non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids were synthetized from precursors supplied in the diet: 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-9, mediated by Delta 5 desaturase. Moreover, this Delta 5 desaturase presumably allowed larvae to convert 20:3n-6 and 20:4n-3 to 20:4n-6 and 20:5n-3, respectively, when the product EFA were poorly or not supplied in the diet, as when larvae were fed T exclusively. Under our experimental conditions, none of the diets induced 22:6n-3 synthesis; however, 22:6n-3 incorporation into larval tissues occurred selectively under non-limiting dietary supply to maintain optimal levels in the larvae. This combination of flow-through larval rearing and biochemical analysis of FA levels could be applied to additional dietary experiments to precisely define optimal levels of EFA supply. C1 [da Costa, Fiz; Robert, Rene; Quere, Claudie] LEMAR, Ifremer Lab Sci Environm Marin UMR 6539, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Robert, Rene] IFREMER, Unite Littoral, Ctr Bretagne, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Soudant, Philippe] IUEM UBO, LEMAR, Lab Sci Environm Marin UMR 6539, Plouzane, France. RP Soudant, P (reprint author), IUEM UBO, LEMAR, Lab Sci Environm Marin UMR 6539, Technopole Brest Iroise, Plouzane, France. EM Philippe.Soudant@univ-brest.fr OI da Costa, Fiz/0000-0002-7225-7177 FU Fundacion Juana de Vega (Spain) FX The authors would like to acknowledge the technical staff of the experimental mollusk hatchery of Argenton, B. Petton, C. Mingant, I. Queau and L. Lebrun for assistance in broodstock conditioning, larval rearing and phytoplankton culture. F. da Costa was funded through a postdoctoral fellowship from the Fundacion Juana de Vega (Spain) and hosted at IFREMER. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 22 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0024-4201 EI 1558-9307 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD MAY PY 2015 VL 50 IS 5 BP 503 EP 511 DI 10.1007/s11745-015-4006-z PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA CG8NY UT WOS:000353566200007 PM 25771891 ER PT J AU Snow, K Hogg, AM Downes, SM Sloyan, BM Bates, ML Griffies, SM AF Snow, Kate Hogg, Andrew McC. Downes, Stephanie M. Sloyan, Bernadette M. Bates, Michael L. Griffies, Stephen M. TI Sensitivity of abyssal water masses to overflow parameterisations SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE AABW; NADW; Global climate models; Sector model; Overflow schemes ID ANTARCTIC BOTTOM WATER; COUPLED CLIMATE MODEL; BOUNDARY-LAYER PARAMETERIZATION; COORDINATE OCEAN MODEL; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; WESTERN BOUNDARY; GLOBAL OCEAN; PART I AB Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) and North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) control the abyssal limb of the global overturning circulation and play a major role in oceanic heat uptake and carbon storage. However, current general circulation models are unable to resolve the observed AABW and NADW formation and transport processes. One key process, that of overflows, motivates the application of overflow parameterisations. We present a sensitivity study of both AABW and NADW properties to three current parameterisations using a z*-coordinate ocean-sea ice model within a realistic-topography sector of the Atlantic Ocean. Overflow parameterisations that affect only tracer equations are compared to a fully dynamical Lagrangian point particle method. An overflow parameterisation involving partial convective mixing of tracers is most efficient at transporting dense NADW water downslope. This parameterisation leads to a maximum mean increase in density in the north of 0.027 kg m (3) and a decrease in age of 525 years (53%). The relative change in density and age in the south is less than 30% of that in the north for all overflow parameterisations. The reduced response in the south may result from the differing dense water formation and overflow characteristics of AABW compared to NADW. Alternative approaches may be necessary to improve AABW representation in z*-coordinate ocean climate models. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Snow, Kate; Hogg, Andrew McC.; Downes, Stephanie M.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Snow, Kate; Hogg, Andrew McC.; Downes, Stephanie M.] Australian Natl Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Sloyan, Bernadette M.] CSIRO, Ocean & Atmosphere Flagship, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Bates, Michael L.] Griffith Univ, Griffith Sch Environm, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. [Griffies, Stephen M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Snow, K (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. EM kate.snow@anu.edu.au RI Hogg, Andy/A-7553-2011; Sloyan, Bernadette/N-8989-2014; OI Hogg, Andy/0000-0001-5898-7635; Bates, Michael/0000-0002-3729-1417 FU Australian Government Department of the Environment; CSIRO through the Australian Climate Change Science Programme; Australian Research Council [FT120100842]; ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science [CE110001028] FX We thank Marshall Ward for his ongoing technical assistance and infinite availability for questions during the initial set-up of the model. This work was undertaken using the National Facility of the National Computational Infrastructure at the ANU. BMS was supported by the Australian Government Department of the Environment, and CSIRO through the Australian Climate Change Science Programme. AMH was supported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship FT120100842. SMH was supported by the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science (Grant CE110001028). Finally, we thank the anonymous reviewers for their efforts and thoughtful comments. NR 71 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 89 BP 84 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.03.004 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA CG3ND UT WOS:000353186000006 ER PT J AU Xu, JJ Powell, AM AF Xu, Jianjun Powell, Alfred M., Jr. TI Extreme events of stratospheric stationary waves and indications for stratosphere-troposphere coupling: simultaneous analysis in boreal winter SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINTER; SURFACE WEATHER; PROPAGATION; VARIABILITY; FORECASTS; DYNAMICS; REGIMES; SYSTEM; CYCLE; MODE AB Using monthly stratospheric geopotential height at 20 hPa derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis datasets, a planetary wave amplitude index (PWAI) is defined by wave numbers (WN) 1-3 over 55-75 degrees N to indicate the strength of the stratospheric stationary waves. The vertical variability of the stratospheric stationary waves and their possible connection with the stratosphere troposphere coupling have been investigated in the North Hemisphere winter [December February (DJF)1 for the period of 1950-2010. In toms of the stratospheric PWAI, a pair of bipolar extreme (strong and weak) stratospheric wave events is identified based on the top-ten principle. The comparisons of composite analysis for the bipolar events show that the stratospheric PWAI is an effective indicator for the dynamic coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere in the boreal winter. The results show that the opposite response in the stationary wave activity, atmospheric circulations, precipitation, and surface temperature is not only found in the stratosphere but also in the troposphere and surface. In the stratospheric top-ten extremely strong (strong 10) events, the wave amplitude. poleward momentum and heat fluxes in zonal WN I tend to increase in the whole atmospheric layer from the stratosphere down to the surface. The polar vortex is enhanced in the stratosphere and reduced in the troposphere. Both the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) tend to a positive phase with the sea-level pressure (SLY) decreasing in the high latitudes and increasing in the mid low latitudes. The precipitation tends to increase in the southern Asia and decrease in the southern Europe. The surface temperature becomes warmer in the middle of the Asian European continent and cooler in southwest Asia and south Europe. In contrast, there is a clear opposing behavior except for a few small areas during the stratospheric top-ten extremely weak (weak 10) events. C1 [Xu, Jianjun] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Environm Sci & Technol Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Powell, Alfred M., Jr.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD USA. RP Xu, JJ (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Environm Sci & Technol Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM jxu14@gmu.edu RI Xu, Jianjun/E-7941-2011 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this publication are those of the authors and should not be considered an official NOAA or US government position, policy, or decision. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X EI 1434-4483 J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 120 IS 3-4 BP 661 EP 671 DI 10.1007/s00704-014-1203-2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG3ZZ UT WOS:000353220700021 ER PT J AU Srivastava, PK Mehta, A Gupta, M Singh, SK Islam, T AF Srivastava, Prashant K. Mehta, Abhinav Gupta, Manika Singh, Sudhir Kumar Islam, Tanvir TI Assessing impact of climate change on Mundra mangrove forest ecosystem, Gulf of Kutch, western coast of India: a synergistic evaluation using remote sensing SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD CLASSIFICATION; LAND-USE CHANGE; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; SATELLITE DATA; FUTURE; GIS; MANAGEMENT; RECONSTRUCTION; SALINITY AB Mangrove cover changes have globally raised the apprehensions as the changes influence the coastal climate as well as the marine ecosystem services. The main goals of this research are focused on the monitoring of land cover and mangrove spatial changes particularly for the Mundra forest in the western coast of Gujarat state, India, which is famous for its unique mangrove bio-diversity. The multi-temporal Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) Linear Imaging Self Scanning (LISS)-II (IRS-1B) and III (IRS 136/RESOURCESAT-1) images captured in the year 1994 and 2010 were utilized for the spatio-temporal analysis of the area. The land cover and mangrove density was estimated by a unique hybrid classification which consists of K means unsupervised following maximum likelihood classification (MLC) supervised classification-based approach. The vegetation and non-vegetation layers has been extracted and separated by unsupervised classification technique while the training-based MLC was applied on the separated vegetation and nonvegetation classes to classify them into 11 land use/land cover classes, The climatic variables of the area involves wind, temperature, dew point, precipitation, and mean sea level investigated for the period of 17 years over the site. To understand the driving factors, the anthropogenic variables were also taken into account such as historical population datasets. The overall analysis indicates a significant change in the frequency and magnitude of sea-level rise from 1994 to 2010. The analysis of the meteorological variables indicates a high pressure and changes in mangrove density during the 17 years of time, which reveals that if appropriate actions are not initiated soon, the Mundra mangroves might become the victims of climate change-induced habitat loss. After analyzing all the factors, some recommendations and suggestions are provided for effective mangrove conservation and resilience, which could be used by forest official to protect this precious ecosystem. C1 [Srivastava, Prashant K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mehta, Abhinav] Birla Inst Technol, Dept Remote Sensing & Geoinformat, Ranchi, Bihar, India. [Mehta, Abhinav] Gujarat Inst Desert Ecol, Bhuj, Gujarat, India. [Gupta, Manika] Indian Inst Technol Delhi, Dept Civil Engn, New Delhi, India. [Singh, Sudhir Kumar] Univ Allahabad, Nehru Sci Ctr, K Banerjee Ctr Atmospher & Ocean Studies, IIDS, Allahabad 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Islam, Tanvir] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Islam, Tanvir] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Srivastava, PK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM prashant.k.srivastava@nasa.gov OI Islam, Tanvir/0000-0003-2429-3074 NR 84 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 53 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X EI 1434-4483 J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 120 IS 3-4 BP 685 EP 700 DI 10.1007/s00704-014-1206-z PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG3ZZ UT WOS:000353220700023 ER PT J AU Yu, LL Wei, C Zeisler, R Tong, JT Oflaz, R Bao, HX Wang, J AF Yu, Lee L. Wei, Chao Zeisler, Rolf Tong, Junting Oflaz, Rabia Bao, Haixia Wang, Jun TI An approach for identification and determination of arsenic species in the extract of kelp SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Arsenic species; Arsenosugar; Microwave; Digestion; INAA; IT-TOF; LC-ICP-MS ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IC-ESI-MS/MS; CHEMICAL-STABILITY; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; MICROWAVE SYSTEM; NITRIC-ACID; HUMAN URINE; MS; ARSENOSUGARS; SPECIATION AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology is developing a kelp powder standard reference material (SRM) in support of dietary supplement measurements. Edible seaweeds such as kelp and laver consumed as diet or dietary supplement contain tens of mg/kg arsenic. The speciation information of arsenic in the seaweed should be provided because the total arsenic alone does not fully address the safety issue of the dietary supplement as the value assignment is originally intended. The inability to avail all arsenic species for value assignment measurements prevented the certification of arsenic species in the candidate SRM; however, approximately 70 % of total arsenic extracted with a 1:1 volume fraction of methanol:water mixture allowed arsenic speciation values to be assigned to a procedure-defined extract, which may be used for method validation in research to improve upon current extraction and measurement practices. Arsenic species in kelp and laver were identified using electrospray ionization ion trap time of flight mass spectrometry (ESI-IT-TOF). Arsenosugars As(328), As(482), and As(392) were found in the kelp candidate SRM while As(328) and As(482) were found in GBW 08521, a certified reference material (CRM) of laver produced by the National Institute of Metrology of China (NIM). A discovery that the digests of kelp and laver contained only dimethylarsinic acid led to the conclusion that the seaweeds did not contain detectible levels of arsenobetaine, arsenocholine or trimethylarsine oxide that could overlap with the peaks of arsenosugars in the separation. The mean +/- s of (5.68 +/- 0.28) mg/kg and (13.43 +/- 0.31) mg/kg found for As(482) and As(392) in kelp, respectively, using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) demonstrated that value assignment measurement of arsenosugars was possible without arsenosugar calibration standards. C1 [Yu, Lee L.; Zeisler, Rolf; Oflaz, Rabia] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wei, Chao; Tong, Junting; Bao, Haixia; Wang, Jun] Natl Inst Metrol China, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. RP Yu, LL (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lee.yu@nist.gov RI Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015 OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 50 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 407 IS 12 BP 3517 EP 3524 DI 10.1007/s00216-015-8567-8 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA CF6BB UT WOS:000352640300025 PM 25732093 ER PT J AU Levine, AS Richmond, L Lopez-Carr, D AF Levine, Arielle Sarah Richmond, Laurie Lopez-Carr, David TI Marine resource management: Culture, livelihoods, and governance SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Marine management; Coastal management; Marine protected areas; GIS; Marine spatial planning; Human-environment dynamics ID PROTECTED AREAS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; OCEAN; CONSERVATION; COMMONS; COMMUNITIES; COASTAL; SPACE; US AB The management of marine resources is a politically and culturally driven process, shaped by human livelihoods and perceptions, where notions of both space and place shape policies and decision-making in fundamental ways. An emerging sub-field within geography critically explores geographic aspects of marine resource management. However, there has been little work to fully articulate this field and to describe the contributions of geographic methodologies and lenses to understanding marine resource management processes. This special issue provides one of the first collections of geographic papers focused on the socio-cultural and socio-spatial dimensions of marine resource management, emphasizing research that has or can be applied to management and policy discussions. The papers in this issue cover critical topics within this emerging field, examining the combined influences of social, ecological, cultural, political, economic, historical, and geographic factors on how marine spaces and resources are used, perceived, and managed. Important themes include: emerging spatial approaches to marine resource management, human dimensions of marine protected areas, the roles of mapping and GIS, the integration of quantitative and qualitative data, and the varying ways in which marine spaces and places are conceptualized by marine resource users and managers. Issues of marine resource governance, community engagement, and vulnerability also play key roles in the future of marine resource management The papers in this issue shed light on space, place, and human-environment interactions in coastal marine systems, making it clear that questions about stakeholder inclusion and representation, particularly in spatial forms, will continue to dominate the field for some time to come. Future research in this field will be fruitfully informed by core geographical heuristics of space, place, and human-environment dynamics. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Levine, Arielle Sarah] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geog, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Levine, Arielle Sarah] NOAA, IM Syst Grp, Coral Reef Conservat Program, Washington, DC USA. [Richmond, Laurie] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Management, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Lopez-Carr, David] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Levine, AS (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Geog, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM alevine@mail.sdsu.edu NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-6228 EI 1873-7730 J9 APPL GEOGR JI Appl. Geogr. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 59 SI SI BP 56 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.01.016 PG 4 WC Geography SC Geography GA CF6JX UT WOS:000352664100006 ER PT J AU Levine, AS Feinholz, CL AF Levine, Arielle Sarah Feinholz, Christine Loftus TI Participatory GIS to inform coral reef ecosystem management: Mapping human coastal and ocean uses in Hawaii SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE PGIS; Coral reef management; Participatory mapping; Hawaii; Ecosystem-based management; Coastal marine spatial planning ID NATURAL-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE; GOOD GOVERNANCE; SYSTEMS; DIMENSIONS AB Sociospatial information is critical to marine and coastal ecosystem management. The Hawaii Coastal Uses Mapping Project used a participatory geographic information systems (PGIS) methodology to gather local knowledge regarding the location and intensity of coastal human activities in Hawaii's priority sites for coral reef management. PGIS provided an efficient and effective means of obtaining information in a data-poor context, particularly at a scale and location where considerable local knowledge is held by community members and resource users. We detail the PGIS methods developed to collect sociospatial data on human uses in the project regions and discuss important considerations regarding the practice of PGIS that emerged from the mapping process, as well as implications for the production and documentation of spatial knowledge. Key themes include: issues of scale and appropriateness in using PGIS as a method for mapping human coastal and marine activities; data validity, authority, and the nature of local knowledge; community trust, engagement, and collaboration; and utility for coral reef management. While several factors limit local agencies' ability to use this spatial information to date, natural resource managers found the participatory mapping process to be highly valuable for stakeholder identification and engagement, and the maps provide a resource to state and federal managers to better understand the human implications of future management scenarios. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Levine, Arielle Sarah] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geog, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Levine, Arielle Sarah] NOAA, IM Syst Grp, Coral Reef Conservat Program, Washington, DC USA. [Feinholz, Christine Loftus] Pacific Cartog, Haleiwa, HI 96712 USA. RP Levine, AS (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Geog, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM alevine@mail.sdsu.edu FU NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program; Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative (through the State of Hawaii's Division of Aquatic Resources) FX Many individuals, too numerous to cite individually, assisted with the Hawaii Coastal Uses Mapping Project. Megan Lamson and Krista Jaspers played an essential role as local project coordinators for each site, recruiting participants and organizing workshop logistics. Staff from NOAA's MPA Center, including Mimi Diorio, Nick Hayden, and Jordan Gass, served as technical leads for the West Hawaii site and generously assisted with data collection and processing for West Maui. Jamie Carter, Kalisi Mausio, and Gabby Fausel from NOAA's Pacific Services Center helped lead the technical component for the West Maui site. The project would not have been possible without the assistance of our many skilled facilitators for both sites, including Petra MacGowan, Emma Anders, Luna Kekoa, Mike Lameier, Laurie Richmond, Mosta Stamoulis, Matt Ramsey, and Danielle Bamford. We would like to thank Petra MacGowan, Emma Anders, Chad Wiggens, and Tova Calendar for their insight regarding management outcomes and implications of the project. Financial support for the project was through NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program and the Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative (through the State of Hawaii's Division of Aquatic Resources). The Ka'upulehu Interpretive Center and Kaunoa Senior Center provided the use of their facilities for the workshops in West Hawaii and West Maui, respectively. Most importantly, we extend our sincere thanks to all of the workshop participants in West Hawaii and West Maui who shared their time and knowledge during the workshop process - mahalo nui loa! NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 12 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-6228 EI 1873-7730 J9 APPL GEOGR JI Appl. Geogr. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 59 SI SI BP 60 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.12.004 PG 10 WC Geography SC Geography GA CF6JX UT WOS:000352664100007 ER PT J AU Lock, EH Delongchamp, DM Schmucker, SW Simpkins, B Laskoski, M Mulvaney, SP Hines, DR Baraket, M Hernandez, SC Robinson, JT Sheehan, PE Jaye, C Fisher, DA Walton, SG AF Lock, Evgeniya H. Delongchamp, Dean M. Schmucker, Scott W. Simpkins, Blake Laskoski, Matthew Mulvaney, Shawn P. Hines, Daniel R. Baraket, Mira Hernandez, Sandra C. Robinson, Jeremy T. Sheehan, Paul E. Jaye, Cherno Fisher, Daniel A. Walton, Scott G. TI Dry graphene transfer print to polystyrene and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene - Detailed chemical, structural, morphological and electrical characterization SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; BEAM-GENERATED PLASMAS; COVALENT FUNCTIONALIZATION; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-QUALITY; PHOTONICS; POLYMERS; ELECTRODES; DEVICES AB Graphene (Gr)-polystyrene (PS) and graphene (Gr)-ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW PE) laminates were fabricated using a transfer print approach that relies on differential adhesion to remove graphene from Cu foil without chemical etching. The polymer surfaces were prepared using plasma functionalization followed by N-ethylamino-4-azidotetrafluorobenzoate (TFPA) deposition. Then, the graphene on Cu foil and the TFPA coated polymers were pressed at elevated temperature and mild pressure. Finally, they were separated by mechanical peeling. No additional processing was applied. Detailed chemical, structural, and morphological characterization of PS and UHMW PE before and after graphene transfer print was performed using a suite of complementary surface analysis techniques including X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy (NEXAFS), Raman Spectroscopy, and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The charge carrier density and charge carrier mobility of the transferred graphene were determined using Hall effect measurements. We found that graphene's electrical properties were preserved and comparable to those of graphene on SiO2/Si. Furthermore, modulation of TFPA attachment to PS and UHMW PE led to different TFPA-layer microstructure and therefore to a different amount of functional azide groups available to form carbene bonds with graphene causing changes in graphene's compressive strain, doping and mobility. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lock, Evgeniya H.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Schmucker, Scott W.; Baraket, Mira] Natl Res Council Postdoctoral Res Associate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Delongchamp, Dean M.; Jaye, Cherno; Fisher, Daniel A.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Simpkins, Blake; Laskoski, Matthew; Mulvaney, Shawn P.; Sheehan, Paul E.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hines, Daniel R.] Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Robinson, Jeremy T.] Naval Res Lab, Div Elect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hernandez, Sandra C.; Walton, Scott G.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lock, EH (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM evgeniya.lock@nrl.navy.mil RI Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010; Schmucker, Scott/D-8312-2012 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124; Schmucker, Scott/0000-0003-2908-5282 FU Naval Research Laboratory Base Program; NRC postgraduate research fellowship FX E.H. Lock would like to thank K. Gaskill for the use of the Hall Probe measurements system and M. Yoganathan and P. Wu for the polymer resistance measurements. The work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory Base Program. S. W. S., S.C.H. and M.B. were National Research Council (NRC) postgraduate research associates and were grateful for the NRC postgraduate research fellowship. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 67 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD MAY PY 2015 VL 86 BP 288 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.01.048 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CF9YB UT WOS:000352922700034 ER PT J AU He, X Field, JC Beyer, SG Sogard, SM AF He, Xi Field, John C. Beyer, Sabrina G. Sogard, Susan M. TI Effects of size-dependent relative fecundity specifications in fishery stock assessments SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Size-specific relative fecundity; Maternal effects; Stock depletion; Steepness; Rockfish; Reference points ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; REFERENCE POINTS; ROCKFISHES SEBASTES; LARVAL SURVIVAL; MATERNAL-AGE; MANAGEMENT; STEEPNESS; WEIGHT; GROWTH AB A comprehensive understanding of reproductive biology is fundamental to the accurate assessment of a given stock's spawning potential relative to the unfished level. Such an understanding is particularly important given the growing recognition of size, age or weight dependent relative fecundity (Phi(rel), eggs per kg of female weight), or other maternal effects that may demonstrate a relatively greater contribution of specific demographic components of a population toward reproduction. However, size-specific data on Phi(rel), or other data on maternal effects on reproductive output, are not always available for many stock assessments because intensive efforts are required to collect such data. In the absence of data, the assumption of no size-specific Phi(rel) relationship is typically made, which can lead to bias in estimating stock status and related management parameters. We examined effects of misspecifications of size-specific Phi(rel) functions on estimated stock assessment parameters and related management quantities using two stocks as case studies and three sets of simulation models, chosen to represent wide ranges of life and fishing histories. The results showed that misspecification effects were relatively small when stocks were less depleted (e.g. 75% of virgin spawning output), but could lead to more substantive misspecifications in more depleted stocks with slower growth and lower mortality rates. For example, we found that stock was estimated to be as much as 20% less depleted if a strong size-specific Phi(rel) exists in a population, but no size-specific Phi(rel) is used in the model. This represents a non-trivial shift in the perception of status for most stocks. The results also showed that overestimating the strength of the size-specific (km function in stock assessment models led to smaller estimation errors in assessment outputs compared to underestimating the size-specific Phi(rel). The results are insightful with respect to the importance of gathering data on size-dependent Phi(rel) and other aspects of reproductive ecology, as well as with respect to the nature of assumptions that are made with regards to reproductive ecology in data limited situations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [He, Xi; Field, John C.; Beyer, Sabrina G.; Sogard, Susan M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Beyer, Sabrina G.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP He, X (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM xi.he@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 165 BP 54 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2014.12.023 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CF7PM UT WOS:000352748800006 ER PT J AU Marsh, JM Foy, RJ Hillgruber, N Kruse, GH AF Marsh, Jennifer M. Foy, Robert J. Hillgruber, Nicola Kruse, Gordon H. TI Variability in trophic positions of four commercially important groundfish species in the Gulf of Alaska SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mean trophic level of catch; Stable isotope analysis; Ecosystem indicators; Gulf of Alaska; Groundfish ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; MARINE FOOD WEBS; COMMUNITY REORGANIZATION; ARROWTOOTH FLOUNDER; WALLEYE POLLOCK; FISH COMMUNITY; PACIFIC COD; FISHERIES; ECOSYSTEM; SIZE AB We examined trends in nitrogen stable isotope data as a proxy for trophic position (mean trophic level, TL) of commercial and survey catches as an ecosystem-based indicator of sustainability of four groundfish species in the Gulf of Alaska. From 2000 to 2004, walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus), Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias), and Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) were collected from the waters surrounding Kodiak Island, Alaska. Several analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) models were tested to detect variations in mean TL among years with fish length as a covariate. Best-fit models were selected using the Akaiki Information Criterion to estimate trends in mean TL of commercial catch using length-frequency data from onboard fishery observers for each target species. Then, linear regression models were used to estimate mean TL of commercial catch over 1990-2009 and the mean TL of population biomass over 1984-2007 based on length-frequency data and biomass estimates from trawl surveys conducted by National Marine Fisheries Service and from historical catch data. The TL of catch for each species except walleye pollock remained stable over the time frame of the study. Walleye pollock TLs became increasingly variable after 1999. Similar trends in mean TL were observed for the survey biomass of walleye pollock. Additionally, there was an observed decrease of the occurrence of higher TL Pacific halibut over time. While the decline had no impact on overall TL estimates during 1990-2009, a continued decline may affect mean TL in the future. Overall, length seems to be the most important factor in estimating a species' IL. Therefore, including relationships between length of catch and TL estimates could lead to an early detection of TL declines that may be associated with unsustainable fishing mortality. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Marsh, Jennifer M.; Hillgruber, Nicola; Kruse, Gordon H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Foy, Robert J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kodiak Lab, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Marsh, JM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM jmmarsh@alaska.edu FU Gulf Apex Predator-Prey Study (NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service); Rasmuson Fisheries Research Center (University of Alaska Fairbanks) FX We thank all those who aided in the collection and processing of the fish samples, including Lei Guo, Mike Trussell, and the captain and crew of the F/V Laura; Matthew Wooller, and Alexander Andrews for their helpful suggestions on earlier drafts; Franz Mueter for statistical advice; and Norma Haubenstock and Tim Howe (Alaska Stable Isotope Facility) for processing the samples. This work was funded through the Gulf Apex Predator-Prey Study (NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service) and by the Rasmuson Fisheries Research Center (University of Alaska Fairbanks). The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 165 BP 100 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2015.01.003 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CF7PM UT WOS:000352748800013 ER PT J AU Lin, Z Stamnes, S Jin, Z Laszlo, I Tsay, SC Wiscombe, WJ Stamnes, K AF Lin, Z. Stamnes, S. Jin, Z. Laszlo, I. Tsay, S. -C. Wiscombe, W. J. Stamnes, K. TI Improved discrete ordinate solutions in the presence of an anisotropically reflecting lower boundary: Upgrades of the DISORT computational tool SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Radiative transfer model; BRDF; Cox-Munk; Ross-Li; RPV; Single scattering correction ID ATMOSPHERIC RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; HOT-SPOT; SURFACE; MODEL; ALGORITHM AB A successor version 3 of DISORT (DISORT3) is presented with important upgrades that improve the accuracy, efficiency, and stability of the algorithm. Compared with version 2 (DISORT2 released in 2000) these upgrades include (a) a redesigned BRDF computation that improves both speed and accuracy, (b) a revised treatment of the single scattering correction, and (c) additional efficiency and stability upgrades for beam sources. In DISORT3 the BRDF computation is improved in the following three ways: (i) the Fourier decomposition is prepared "off-line", thus avoiding the repeated internal computations done in DISORT2; (ii) a large enough number of terms in the Fourier expansion of the BRDF is employed to guarantee accurate values of the expansion coefficients (default is 200 instead of 50 in DISORT2); (iii) in the post-processing step the reflection of the direct attenuated beam from the lower boundary is included resulting in a more accurate single scattering correction. These improvements in the treatment of the BRDF have led to improved accuracy and a several-fold increase in speed. In addition, the stability of beam sources has been improved by removing a singularity occurring when the cosine of the incident beam angle is too close to the reciprocal of any of the eigenvalues. The efficiency for beam sources has been further improved from reducing by a factor of 2 (compared to DISORT2) the dimension of the linear system of equations that must be solved to obtain the particular solutions, and by replacing the LINPAK routines used in DISORT2 by LAPACK 3.5 in DISORT3. These beam source stability and efficiency upgrades bring enhanced stability and an additional 5-7% improvement in speed. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate and quantify the improvements in accuracy and efficiency of DISORT3 compared to DISORT2. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lin, Z.; Stamnes, K.] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Engineer Phys, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Stamnes, S.; Jin, Z.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Jin, Z.] Sci Syst & Applicat, Hampton, VA USA. [Laszlo, I.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD USA. [Laszlo, I.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tsay, S. -C.; Wiscombe, W. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lin, Z (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Engineer Phys, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM lzhenyi@stevens.edu; snorre.a.stamnes@nasa.gov; zhonghai.jin-1@nasa.gov; Istvan.Laszlo@noaa.gov; Si-Chee.Tsay@nasa.gov; Warren.J.Wiscombe@nasa.gov; Knut.Stamnes@stevens.edu RI Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015; OI Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Lin, Zhenyi/0000-0002-0237-2727 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through a grant from NASA's Remote Sensing Theory Program FX Support from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through a grant from NASA's Remote Sensing Theory Program to Stevens Institute of Technology is gratefully acknowledged. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 157 BP 119 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2015.02.014 PG 16 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA CG2CV UT WOS:000353083400009 ER PT J AU von Biela, VR Kruse, GH Mueter, FJ Black, BA Douglas, DC Helser, TE Zimmerman, CE AF von Biela, Vanessa R. Kruse, Gordon H. Mueter, Franz J. Black, Bryan A. Douglas, David C. Helser, Thomas E. Zimmerman, Christian E. TI Evidence of bottom-up limitations in nearshore marine systems based on otolith proxies of fish growth SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; ROCKY INTERTIDAL COMMUNITIES; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; ROCKFISH SEBASTES-MELANOPS; BLACK ROCKFISH; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CHLOROPHYLL VARIABILITY; MYTILUS-CALIFORNIANUS; TOP-DOWN; PACIFIC AB Fish otolith growth increments were used as indices of annual production at nine nearshore sites within the Alaska Coastal Current (downwelling region) and California Current (upwelling region) systems (similar to 36-60A degrees N). Black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) and kelp greenling (Hexagrammos decagrammus) were identified as useful indicators in pelagic and benthic nearshore food webs, respectively. To examine the support for bottom-up limitations, common oceanographic indices of production [sea surface temperature (SST), upwelling, and chlorophyll-a concentration] during summer (April-September) were compared to spatial and temporal differences in fish growth using linear mixed models. The relationship between pelagic black rockfish growth and SST was positive in the cooler Alaska Coastal Current and negative in the warmer California Current. These contrasting growth responses to SST among current systems are consistent with the optimal stability window hypothesis in which pelagic production is maximized at intermediate levels of water column stability. Increased growth rates of black rockfish were associated with higher chlorophyll concentrations in the California Current only, but black rockfish growth was unrelated to the upwelling index in either current system. Benthic kelp greenling growth rates were positively associated with warmer temperatures and relaxation of downwelling (upwelling index near zero) in the Alaska Coastal Current, while none of the oceanographic indices were related to their growth in the California Current. Overall, our results are consistent with bottom-up forcing of nearshore marine ecosystems-light and nutrients constrain primary production in pelagic food webs, and temperature constrains benthic food webs. C1 [von Biela, Vanessa R.; Douglas, David C.; Zimmerman, Christian E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [von Biela, Vanessa R.; Kruse, Gordon H.; Mueter, Franz J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Black, Bryan A.] Univ Texas, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Helser, Thomas E.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP von Biela, VR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM vvonbiela@usgs.gov RI Black, Bryan/A-7057-2009; OI Zimmerman, Christian/0000-0002-3646-0688 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Ecosystems Mission Area; Department of the Interior on the Landscape Initiative FX This work is part of the Pacific Nearshore Project supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Ecosystems Mission Area and the Department of the Interior on the Landscape Initiative to investigate biotic response to environmental variation in nearshore habitats of the northeast Pacific Ocean. We thank J. L. Bodkin and the USGS Pacific Nearshore Team for project support, and S. R. Okkonen, G. L. Eckert, and two anonymous reviewers who provided useful comments that improved this manuscript. Any use of trade names or products is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. This report was reviewed and approved by the U.S. Geological Survey under their Fundamental Science Practices Policy (http://www.usgs.gov/fsp/). NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 29 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 162 IS 5 BP 1019 EP 1031 DI 10.1007/s00227-015-2645-5 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CF8IC UT WOS:000352798800010 ER PT J AU Nanda, H Heinrich, F Losche, M AF Nanda, Hirsh Heinrich, Frank Loesche, Mathias TI Membrane association of the PTEN tumor suppressor: Neutron scattering and MD simulations reveal the structure of protein-membrane complexes SO METHODS LA English DT Article DE PTEN; Protein-membrane complex; Phosphatidylinositolphosphate; Phosphatidylserine; Neutron reflection; Tethered bilayer lipid membranes; Molecular dynamics simulations ID BILAYER-LIPID MEMBRANES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; SUPPORTED PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYERS; X-RAY; FORCE-FIELD; JOINT REFINEMENT; DIFFRACTION DATA; LANGMUIR MONOLAYERS; SURFACE MONOLAYERS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS AB Neutron reflection (NR) from planar interfaces is an emerging technology that provides unique and otherwise inaccessible structural information on disordered molecular systems such as membrane proteins associated with fluid bilayers, thus addressing one of the remaining challenges of structural biology. Although intrinsically a low-resolution technique, using structural information from crystallography or NMR allows the construction of NR models that describe the architecture of protein-membrane complexes at high resolution. In addition, a combination of these methods with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations has the potential to reveal the dynamics of protein interactions with the bilayer in atomistic detail. We review recent advances in this area by discussing the application of these techniques to the complex formed by the PTEN phosphatase with the plasma membrane. These studies provide insights in the cellular regulation of PTEN, its interaction with PI(4,5)P-2 in the inner plasma membrane and the pathway by which its substrate, PI(3,4,5)P-3, accesses the PTEN catalytic site. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Nanda, Hirsh; Heinrich, Frank; Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Nanda, Hirsh; Heinrich, Frank; Loesche, Mathias] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Losche, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM quench@cmu.edu RI Heinrich, Frank/A-5339-2010; Losche, Mathias/J-2986-2013 OI Heinrich, Frank/0000-0002-8579-553X; Losche, Mathias/0000-0001-6666-916X FU U.S. Dept. of Commerce [70NANB13H009, 70NANB11H8139]; NIH [1R01 GM101647]; NIST Center for Neutron Research; NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology FX We thank Dr. Alonzo Ross for critically reading the manuscript and valuable suggestions. This work was supported by the U.S. Dept. of Commerce (70NANB13H009, 70NANB11H8139 and through the NIST IMS program "Precision Measurements for Integral Membrane Proteins") and the NIH (1R01 GM101647), and performed in parts at the NIST Center for Neutron Research and the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. NR 102 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-2023 EI 1095-9130 J9 METHODS JI Methods PD MAY 1 PY 2015 VL 77-78 BP 136 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.10.014 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA CF9XV UT WOS:000352922000019 PM 25461777 ER PT J AU Srivastava, PK Islam, T Gupta, M Petropoulos, G Dai, Q AF Srivastava, Prashant K. Islam, Tanvir Gupta, Manika Petropoulos, George Dai, Qiang TI WRF Dynamical Downscaling and Bias Correction Schemes for NCEP Estimated Hydro-Meteorological Variables SO WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Hydro-meteorological variables; Weather research and forecastingmodel; WRF downscaling; RVM, GLM, Bias correction ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; LAND-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; RELEVANCE VECTOR MACHINE; SMOS SOIL-MOISTURE; PRECIPITATION ESTIMATION; RAINFALL ESTIMATION; MODEL; NETWORK; SIMULATIONS; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB Rainfall and Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo) are the most fundamental and significant variables in hydrological modelling. However, these variables are generally not available over ungauged catchments. ETo estimation usually needs measurements of weather variables such as wind speed, air temperature, solar radiation and dew point. After the development of reanalysis global datasets such as the National Centre for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and high performance modelling framework Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, it is now possible to estimate the rainfall and ETo for any coordinates. In this study, the WRF modelling system was employed to downscale the global NCEP reanalysis datasets over the Brue catchment, England, U.K. After downscaling, two statistical bias correction schemes were used, the first was based on sophisticated computing algorithms i.e., Relevance Vector Machine (RVM), while the second was based on the more simple Generalized Linear Model (GLM). The statistical performance indices for bias correction such as %Bias, index of agreement (d), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Correlation (r) indicated that the RVM model, on the whole, displayed a more accomplished bias correction of the variability of rainfall and ETo in comparison to the GLM. The study provides important information on the performance of WRF derived hydro-meteorological variables using NCEP global reanalysis datasets and statistical bias correction schemes which can be used in numerous hydro-meteorological applications. C1 [Srivastava, Prashant K.; Gupta, Manika] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Islam, Tanvir] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Islam, Tanvir] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Petropoulos, George] Aberystwyth Univ, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3FG, Dyfed, Wales. [Dai, Qiang] Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, Bristol, Avon, England. [Gupta, Manika] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. RP Srivastava, PK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM prashant.k.srivastava@nasa.gov RI Petropoulos, George/F-2384-2013; OI Petropoulos, George/0000-0003-1442-1423; Islam, Tanvir/0000-0003-2429-3074 FU Commonwealth Scholarship Commission, British Council, United Kingdom; Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India; European Commission Marie Curie Re-Integration Grant "TRANSFORM-EO"; High Performance Computing Facilities of Wales "PREMIER-EO" projects FX The first authors would like to thank the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission, British Council, United Kingdom and Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India for providing the necessary support and funding for this research. The authors are also thankful to Research Data Archive (RDA) which is maintained by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). The authors would like to acknowledge the British Atmospheric Data Centre, United Kingdom for providing the ground observation datasets. The authors also acknowledge the Advanced Computing Research Centre at University of Bristol for providing the access to supercomputer facility (The Blue Crystal). Dr. Petropoulos's contribution was supported by the European Commission Marie Curie Re-Integration Grant "TRANSFORM-EO" and the High Performance Computing Facilities of Wales "PREMIER-EO" projects. Authors would also like to thank Gareth Ireland for the language proof reading of the manuscript. Authors are also grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their useful criticism which helped improving the manuscript. The views expressed here are those of the authors solely and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA/NASA or the authors' affiliated institutions. NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-4741 EI 1573-1650 J9 WATER RESOUR MANAG JI Water Resour. Manag. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 29 IS 7 BP 2267 EP 2284 DI 10.1007/s11269-015-0940-z PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA CF8OZ UT WOS:000352822700011 ER PT J AU Anandkumar, A Foster, DP Hsu, D Kakade, SM Liu, YK AF Anandkumar, Anima Foster, Dean P. Hsu, Daniel Kakade, Sham M. Liu, Yi-Kai TI A Spectral Algorithm for Latent Dirichlet Allocation SO ALGORITHMICA LA English DT Article DE Topic models; Mixture models; Method of moments; Latent Dirichlet allocation ID PROBABILISTIC ANALYSIS; LEARNING MIXTURES; MARKOV-MODELS; 3-WAY ARRAYS; GAUSSIANS; DECOMPOSITIONS; EM AB Topic modeling is a generalization of clustering that posits that observations (words in a document) are generated by multiple latent factors (topics), as opposed to just one. The increased representational power comes at the cost of a more challenging unsupervised learning problem for estimating the topic-word distributions when only words are observed, and the topics are hidden. This work provides a simple and efficient learning procedure that is guaranteed to recover the parameters for a wide class of multi-view models and topic models, including latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA). For LDA, the procedure correctly recovers both the topic-word distributions and the parameters of the Dirichlet prior over the topic mixtures, using only trigram statistics (i.e., third order moments, which may be estimated with documents containing just three words). The method is based on an efficiently computable orthogonal tensor decomposition of low-order moments. C1 [Anandkumar, Anima] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Foster, Dean P.] Yahoo Labs, New York, NY USA. [Hsu, Daniel] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Kakade, Sham M.] Microsoft Res, Cambridge, MA USA. [Liu, Yi-Kai] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hsu, D (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM a.anandkumar@uci.edu; dean@foster.net; djhsu@cs.columbia.edu; skakade@microsoft.com; yi-kai.liu@nist.gov FU Microsoft Faculty Fellowship; NSF [CCF-1254106, CCF-1219234]; NSF BIGDATA [IIS-1251267]; ARO YIP Award [W911NF-13-1-0084] FX We thank Kamalika Chaudhuri, Adam Kalai, Percy Liang, Chris Meek, David Sontag, and Tong Zhang for valuable insights. We also thank Rong Ge for sharing preliminary results (in [8]) and the anonymous reviewers for their comments, suggestions, and pointers to references. Part of this work was completed while DH was a postdoctoral researcher at Microsoft Research New England, and while DPF, YKL, and AA were visiting the same lab. AA is supported in part by Microsoft Faculty Fellowship, NSF Career award CCF-1254106, NSF Award CCF-1219234, NSF BIGDATA IIS-1251267 and ARO YIP Award W911NF-13-1-0084. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-4617 EI 1432-0541 J9 ALGORITHMICA JI Algorithmica PD MAY PY 2015 VL 72 IS 1 BP 193 EP 214 DI 10.1007/s00453-014-9909-1 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA CF3FU UT WOS:000352434300009 ER PT J AU Davies-Jones, R AF Davies-Jones, Robert TI A review of supercell and tornado dynamics SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Supercells; Tornadoes; Tornadogenesis; Mesocyclone; Helicity ID REAR-FLANK DOWNDRAFTS; SIMULATED SUPERCELL; PART II; VORTICITY; SURFACE; STORMS; INTENSIFICATION; ROTATION; THUNDERSTORMS; PROPAGATION AB Thunderstorms that form in strong vertical wind shear often evolve into supercell storms. Supercells are well-organized, monolithic units of vigorous long-lasting convection. A classic supercell in its mature stage consists of a rotating updraft (mid-altitude mesocyclone) and a downdraft that coexists symbiotically with the updraft in an almost steady state. Doppler-radar and visual observations along with computer simulations reveal that tornadic supercells evolve through three stages. Firstly, the updraft starts rotating and a mesocyclone forms aloft, secondly a narrower vortex develops near the ground (thus completing a rotating column that extends from the ground to upper levels), and lastly a tornado forms from contraction of the near-ground cyclone. The updraft tilts environmental horizontal voracity upwards. The updraft rotates cyclonically as a whole if this vorticity is streamwise in the updrafts' reference frame (i.e., in the direction of the storm-relative wind). Updraft rotation and motion are linked so a complete theory of mid-altitude mesocyclones requires an understanding of how supercells propagate. There are two principle propagation mechanisms; one is linear and the other is nonlinear. The process whereby rotation develops in rising air cannot explain how cyclonic rotation starts near the ground where updrafts and background vertical vorticity are normally weak. A nearground cyclone does not form without a downdraft. In computer simulations, low-altitude air parcels with cyclonic vorticity have previously subsided in horizontal gradients of buoyancy that generate horizontal vorticity. During an air parcel's descent, its horizontal voracity is first tipped downward into anticyclonic voracity, but then upwards into cyclonic vorticity before it reaches the nadir of its trajectory because the vorticity vector is inclined upward relative to the velocity vector. The parcel then flows close to the ground into the updraft where its cyclonic voracity is greatly amplified as it is stretched vertically. In simulations, this near-ground cyclone collapses into a tornado only if the model includes surface friction, which paradoxically causes the extreme upward and rotary winds. With friction, inflowing air parcels near the ground penetrate much closer to the rotation axis and revolve much faster despite some loss of angular momentum to the ground. Their extra kinetic energy comes from a further loss in their enthalpy. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Davies-Jones, R (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM bobdj1066@yahoo.com FU Finnish Meteorological Institute FX I thank the Scientific Programme Committee for inviting me to give a keynote address at the 7th European Conference on Severe Storms and the Finnish Meteorological Institute for funding my participation in the conference. Dr. Jerry Straka provided a very helpful review of the first draft. I am also grateful for insightful comments provided by Dr. Paul Markowski and an anonymous reviewer. NR 55 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 11 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD MAY 1 PY 2015 VL 158 BP 274 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.04.007 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CF1ST UT WOS:000352328900021 ER PT J AU Juba, ML Porter, DK Williams, EH Rodriguez, CA Barksdale, SM Bishop, BM AF Juba, Melanie L. Porter, Devin K. Williams, Elissa H. Rodriguez, Carlos A. Barksdale, Stephanie M. Bishop, Barney M. TI Helical cationic antimicrobial peptide length and its impact on membrane disruption SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES LA English DT Article DE Antimicrobial peptides; Stereochemistiy; Scanning electron microscopy; Membrane depolarization; Membrane permeabilization; Cathelicidins ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CATHELICIDINS; ACID; SUSCEPTIBILITY; VIABILITY; MECHANISM; IMMUNITY; BIOFILM; LL-37; ASSAY AB Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) are important elements of innate immunity in higher organisms, representing an ancient defense mechanism against pathogenic bacteria. These peptides exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities, utilizing mechanisms that involve targeting bacterial membranes. Recently, a 34-residue CAMP (NA-CATH) was identified in cDNA from the venom gland of the Chinese cobra (Naja arra). A semi-conserved 11-residue pattern observed in the NA-CATH sequence provided the basis for generating an 11-residue truncated peptide, ATRA-1A, and its corresponding D-peptide isomer. While the antimicrobial and biophysical properties of the ATRA-1A stereoisomers have been investigated, their modes of action remain unclear. More broadly, mechanistic differences that can arise when investigating minimal antimicrobial units within larger naturally occurring CAMPs have not been rigorously explored. Therefore, the studies reported here are focused on this question and the interactions of full-length NA-CATH and the truncated ATRA-1A isomers with bacterial membranes. The results of these studies indicate that in engineering the ATRA-1A isomers, the associated change in peptide length and charge dramatically impacts not only their antimicrobial effectiveness, but also the mechanism of action they employ relative to that of the full-length parent peptide NA-CATH. These insights are relevant to future efforts to develop shorter versions of larger naturally occurring CAMPs for potential therapeutic applications. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Juba, Melanie L.; Porter, Devin K.; Williams, Elissa H.; Rodriguez, Carlos A.; Bishop, Barney M.] George Mason Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Williams, Elissa H.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Barksdale, Stephanie M.] George Mason Univ, Sch Syst Biol, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. RP Bishop, BM (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, 4400 Univ Dr,3E2, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM bbishop1@gmu.edu FU DTRA [HDTRA1-12-C-0039]; GMU College of Science FX We gratefully acknowledge DTRA HDTRA1-12-C-0039 and the GMU College of Science for support. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2736 EI 0006-3002 J9 BBA-BIOMEMBRANES JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Biomembr. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 1848 IS 5 BP 1081 EP 1091 DI 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.01.007 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA CE7SC UT WOS:000352041100002 PM 25660753 ER PT J AU Grosholz, ED Crafton, RE Fontana, RE Pasari, JR Williams, SL Zabin, CJ AF Grosholz, Edwin D. Crafton, R. Eliot Fontana, Rachel E. Pasari, Jae R. Williams, Susan L. Zabin, Chela J. TI Aquaculture as a vector for marine invasions in California SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Invasive; Marine; Aquaculture; Vector; Impacts; California ID BALLAST WATER; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; ESTUARINE; ECOLOGY AB Although ballast water and hull fouling are widely recognized as important vectors for marine invasions, the risk posed by commercial aquaculture remains poorly quantified. To understand the importance of aquaculture as an invasion vector in California, we conducted an analysis of both current and historical introductions of marine and estuarine species associated with aquaculture using a comprehensive database ('NEMESIS') and permitting records for species imported into California. Our results showed that 126 non-native species associated with commercial aquaculture have been reported from California waters and 106 of these have become established. The vast majority are unintentional introductions linked to historical importation practices of the aquaculture industry. To understand the consequences of these invasions, we reviewed the literature on the impacts of mollusk and algal species introduced into California via aquaculture. Of the few studies we found, the majority demonstrated negative impacts on native species. Finally and significantly, we found that changes in aquaculture importation practices over the past decade have resulted in most shellfish currently being imported as larvae or juveniles. Consequently, rates of unintentional introductions have been reduced. We cautiously conclude that current aquaculture importation in California represents a minor risk as a vector for introductions of NIS. C1 [Grosholz, Edwin D.; Zabin, Chela J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Crafton, R. Eliot; Fontana, Rachel E.] Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fontana, Rachel E.; Pasari, Jae R.; Williams, Susan L.] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Fontana, Rachel E.; Pasari, Jae R.; Williams, Susan L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Fontana, Rachel E.] NOAA, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Zabin, Chela J.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. RP Grosholz, ED (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM tedgrosholz@ucdavis.edu FU California Ocean Protection Council; California Ocean Science Trust FX We wish to thank the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center's Marine Invasions Research Laboratory and in particular G. Ruiz, B. Steves and P. Fofonoff, for facilitating access to the NEMESIS California database. We would also like to thank the many state and federal agency officials who volunteered their time and effort for our work including K. Holzer, J. Moore and K. Ramey. We also thank the Executive Director (S. McAfee) and staff of the Ocean Science Trust (R. Gentry, E. Kramer-Wilt) for facilitating the project and coordinating project investigators. This work was supported by the California Ocean Protection Council through Proposition 84 funds as well as additional support from the California Ocean Science Trust. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD MAY PY 2015 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1471 EP 1484 DI 10.1007/s10530-014-0808-9 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CF3HK UT WOS:000352438800015 ER PT J AU Kashuk, S Iskander, M AF Kashuk, Sina Iskander, Magued TI Reconstruction of three dimensional convex zones using images at model boundaries SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Model studies; Optical image processing; Colorimetery; 3D reconstruction; Contaminant transport; Regression analysis ID ORTHOGONAL PROJECTIONS; POROUS-MEDIA; COLOR; VISUALIZATION; POLYOMINOES; COMPONENTS; FLOW AB This paper presents a method for predicting positions of color cubes inside a square transparent solid object from images taken at the orthogonal boundary surfaces. The work is developed for use in mapping flow of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPL) in transparent soils. Transparent soil models have been developed to study the flow of contaminants through porous media, in bench scale tests. Yellow transparent cubes are used to represent NAPL plumes and clear transparent cubes are used as representations of transparent soil in order to definitively validate the algorithm. Color space information is used to relate concentration and image intensity. The new algorithm employs a so-called 3D carving method to iteratively reconstruct a 3D model using images taken at three orthogonal boundaries. The methodology presented in this paper is a fast, relatively accurate, non-intrusive and inexpensive method for quantifying NAPL zones in transparent soil models. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kashuk, Sina] CUNY, NOAA CREST Inst, New York, NY USA. [Iskander, Magued] NYU, Civil & Urban Engn Dept, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Iskander, M (reprint author), NYU, Civil & Urban Engn Dept, New York, NY 10003 USA. EM skashuk@ccny.cuny.edu; Iskander@nyu.edu RI Iskander, Magued/E-7535-2017 OI Iskander, Magued/0000-0001-8245-1451 NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 EI 1873-7803 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 78 BP 96 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2015.02.008 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA CF6MC UT WOS:000352669800011 ER PT J AU Christensen, V Coll, M Buszowski, J Cheung, WWL Frolicher, T Steenbeek, J Stock, CA Watson, RA Walters, CJ AF Christensen, Villy Coll, Marta Buszowski, Joe Cheung, William W. L. Froelicher, Thomas Steenbeek, Jeroen Stock, Charles A. Watson, Reg A. Walters, Carl J. TI The global ocean is an ecosystem: simulating marine life and fisheries SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem model; end-to-end model; fish biomass trends; fish catches; food security; model tuning; seafood production; world ocean ID STOCK REDUCTION ANALYSIS; FOOD-WEB MODEL; EXPLOITED ECOSYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; ECOSIM; PREDICTIONS; MANAGEMENT; PATTERNS; ECOSPACE; ECOPATH AB AimThere has been considerable effort allocated to understanding the impact of climate change on our physical environment, but comparatively little to how life on Earth and ecosystem services will be affected. Therefore, we have developed a spatial-temporal food web model of the global ocean, spanning from primary producers through to top predators and fisheries. Through this, we aim to evaluate how alternative management actions may impact the supply of seafood for future generations. LocationGlobal ocean. MethodsWe developed a modelling complex to initially predict the combined impact of environmental parameters and fisheries on global seafood production, and initially evaluated the model's performance through hindcasting. The modelling complex has a food web model as core, obtains environmental productivity from a biogeochemical model and assigns global fishing effort spatially. We tuned model parameters based on Markov chain random walk stock reduction analysis, fitting the model to historic catches. We evaluated the goodness-of-fit of the model to data for major functional groups, by spatial management units and globally. ResultsThis model is the most detailed ever constructed of global fisheries, and it was able to replicate broad patterns of historic fisheries catches with best agreement for the total catches and good agreement for species groups, with more variation at the regional level. Main conclusionsWe have developed a modelling complex that can be used for evaluating the combined impact of fisheries and climate change on upper-trophic level organisms in the global ocean, including invertebrates, fish and other large vertebrates. The model provides an important step that will allow global-scale evaluation of how alternative fisheries management measures can be used for mitigation of climate change. C1 [Christensen, Villy; Cheung, William W. L.; Walters, Carl J.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Coll, Marta] Inst Rech Dev, Ctr Rech Halieut Mediterraneenne & Trop, UMR EME 212, F-34203 Sete, France. [Coll, Marta; Buszowski, Joe; Steenbeek, Jeroen] Ecopath Int Initiat Res Assoc, Barcelona, Spain. [Froelicher, Thomas] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Stock, Charles A.] Princeton Univ, NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Watson, Reg A.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Taroona, Tas 7001, Australia. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Univ 16, Environm Phys, CHN 26 2, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Christensen, V (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM v.christensen@fisheries.ubc.ca RI Frolicher, Thomas/E-5137-2015; Watson, Reg/F-4850-2012; Steenbeek, Jeroen/F-9936-2016; , William/F-5104-2013 OI Frolicher, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7854; Watson, Reg/0000-0001-7201-8865; Steenbeek, Jeroen/0000-0002-7878-8075; Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013; , William/0000-0003-3626-1045 FU Nereus - Predicting the Future Ocean activity; ECMarie Curie CIG grant; Spanish Research Program Ramon y Cajal; Australian Research. Council Discovery grant; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX The initial version of this modelling complex was developed in cooperation with the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL), and we notably thank Rob Alkemade for ongoing and inspiring cooperation. The development was supported by the Nereus - Predicting the Future Ocean activity. M.C. was supported by the ECMarie Curie CIG grant to BIOWEB and the Spanish Research Program Ramon y Cajal. R.W. was supported by an Australian Research. Council Discovery grant. V.C. and W.W.L.C. acknowledge support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and W.W.L.C. also from the National Geographic Society. We thank Compute Canada and WestGrid for support that made it possible to run the modelling complex on Linux cluster computers. We also thank the referees for comments and suggestions that helped improve this contribution. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1466-822X EI 1466-8238 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 24 IS 5 BP 507 EP 517 DI 10.1111/geb.12281 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA CF4OY UT WOS:000352530900001 ER PT J AU Cao, J Wang, B Xiang, BQ Li, J Wu, TJ Fu, XH Wu, LG Min, JZ AF Cao Jian Wang, Bin Xiang, Baoqiang Li, Juan Wu Tianjie Fu, Xiouhua Wu Liguang Min Jinzhong TI Major Modes of Short-Term Climate Variability in the Newly Developed NUIST Earth System Model (NESM) SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE coupled climate model; earth system model; climate variability ID AUSTRALIAN MONSOON VARIABILITY; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; EL-NINO; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SUMMER MONSOON; ENSO; SIMULATIONS; TEMPERATURE; IMPACT AB A coupled earth system model (ESM) has been developed at the Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST) by using version 5.3 of the European Centre Hamburg Model (ECHAM), version 3.4 of the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO), and version 4.1 of the Los Alamos sea ice model (CICE). The model is referred to as NUIST ESM1 (NESM1). Comprehensive and quantitative metrics are used to assess the model's major modes of climate variability most relevant to subseasonal-to-interannual climate prediction. The model's assessment is placed in a multi-model framework. The model yields a realistic annual mean and annual cycle of equatorial SST, and a reasonably realistic precipitation climatology, but has difficulty in capturing the spring-fall asymmetry and monsoon precipitation domains. The ENSO mode is reproduced well with respect to its spatial structure, power spectrum, phase locking to the annual cycle, and spatial structures of the central Pacific (CP)-ENSO and eastern Pacific (EP)-ENSO; however, the equatorial SST variability, biennial component of ENSO, and the amplitude of CP-ENSO are overestimated. The model captures realistic intraseasonal variability patterns, the vertical-zonal structures of the first two leading predictable modes of Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), and its eastward propagation; but the simulated MJO speed is significantly slower than observed. Compared with the T42 version, the high resolution version (T159) demonstrates improved simulation with respect to the climatology, interannual variance, monsoon-ENSO lead-lag correlation, spatial structures of the leading mode of the Asian-Australian monsoon rainfall variability, and the eastward propagation of the MJO. C1 [Cao Jian; Wang, Bin; Wu Tianjie; Fu, Xiouhua; Wu Liguang; Min Jinzhong] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Earth Syst Modeling Ctr, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Cao Jian; Wang, Bin; Wu Tianjie; Fu, Xiouhua; Wu Liguang; Min Jinzhong] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Peoples R China. [Cao Jian; Wang, Bin; Li, Juan; Wu Tianjie; Fu, Xiouhua] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wang, Bin] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Atmospher Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Xiang, Baoqiang] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Xiang, Baoqiang] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Xiang, BQ (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM baoqiang.xiang@noaa.gov RI wu, tianjie/I-2596-2013 FU NUIST; International Pacific Research Center, University of Hawaii; Research Innovation Program for college graduates of Jiangsu Province [CXLX13_487] FX We thank the support from NUIST and all colleagues at the Earth System Modeling Center who have contributed towards the development of the model. We also acknowledge support from the International Pacific Research Center, University of Hawaii. CAO Jian is also supported by the Research Innovation Program for college graduates of Jiangsu Province (CXLX13_487). Dr. Sun-Seon LEE offered help for plotting the comparison figures. This paper is the ESMC publication number 027. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 EI 1861-9533 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 32 IS 5 BP 585 EP 600 DI 10.1007/s00376-014-4200-6 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CD9XP UT WOS:000351454200002 ER PT J AU Djalalova, I Delle Monache, L Wilczak, J AF Djalalova, Irma Delle Monache, Luca Wilczak, James TI PM2.5 analog forecast and Kalman filter post-processing for the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Analog forecast; CMAQ; Kalman-filtering; PM2.5 ID BIAS-CORRECTION; PREDICTIONS; OZONE AB A new post-processing method for surface particulate matter (PM2.5) predictions from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) developmental air quality forecasting system using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model is described. It includes three main components: A real-time quality control procedure for surface PM2.5 observations; Model post-processing at each observational site using historical forecast analogs and Kalman filtering; Spreading the forecast corrections from the observation locations to the entire gridded domain. The methodology is tested using 12 months of CMAQ forecasts of hourly PM2.5, from December 01, 2009 through November 30, 2010. The model domain covers the contiguous USA, and model data are verified against U.S. Environmental Prediction Agency AIRNow PM2.5 observations measured at 716 stations over the CIVIAQ domain. The model bias is found to have a strong seasonal dependency, with a large positive bias in winter and a small bias in the summer months, and also to have a strong diurnal cycle. Five different post-processing techniques are compared, including a seven-day running mean subtraction, Kalman-filtering, analogs, and combinations of analogs and Kalman filtering. The most accurate PM2.5 forecasts have been found to be produced when using historical analogs of the hourly Kalman-filtered forecasts, referred to as KFAN. The choice of meteorological variables used in the hourly analog search is also found to have a significant effect. A monthly error analysis is computed, in each case using the remaining 11 months of the data set for the analog searches. The improvement of KFAN errors over the raw CMAQ model errors ranges from 50 to 75% for MAE and from 40 to 60% for the correlation coefficient. Since the post-processing analysis is only done at the locations where observations are available, the spreading of post-processing correction information over nearby model grid points is necessary to make forecast contour maps. This spreading of information is accomplished with an eight-pass Barnes-type iterative objective analysis scheme. The final corrected CMAQ forecast over the entire domain is composed of the sum of the original CMAQ forecasts and the KFAN bias information interpolated over the entire domain, and is applied on an hourly basis. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Djalalova, Irma] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Delle Monache, Luca] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Wilczak, James] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Djalalova, I (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Irina.V.Djalalova@noaa.gov FU United States Weather Research Program (USWRP); U.S. National Science Foundation [AGS-0753581] FX This research is funded by United States Weather Research Program (USWRP). NCAR is funded in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation (AGS-0753581). NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 108 BP 76 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.02.021 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE4OB UT WOS:000351808800009 ER PT J AU Wang, XP Atencia, J Ford, RM AF Wang, Xiaopu Atencia, Javier Ford, Roseanne M. TI Quantitative Analysis of Chemotaxis Towards Toluene by Pseudomonas putida in a Convection-free Microfluidic Device SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE chemotactic sensitivity coefficient; chemotactic receptor constant; bacterial motility; fluorescein diffusion; FM 4-64 fluorescent marker; image analysis ID RALSTONIA SP SJ98; BACTERIAL CHEMOTAXIS; RANDOM MOTILITY; POROUS-MEDIA; TRANSPORT; CELL; COEFFICIENTS; NAPHTHALENE; TRANSVERSE; GRADIENTS AB Chemotaxis has been shown to be beneficial for the migration of soil-inhabiting bacteria towards industrial chemical pollutants, which they degrade. Many studies have demonstrated the importance of this microbial property under various circumstances; however, few quantitative analyses have been undertaken to measure the two essential parameters that characterize the chemotaxis of bioremediation bacteria: the chemotactic sensitivity coefficient 0 and the chemotactic receptor constant K-c. The main challenge to determine these parameters is that 0 and K-c are coupled together in non-linear mathematical models used to evaluate them. In this study we developed a method to accurately measure these parameters for Pseudomonas putida in the presence of toluene, an important pollutant in groundwater contamination. Our approach uses a multilayer microfluidic device to expose bacteria to a convection-free linear chemical gradient of toluene that is stable over time. The bacterial distribution within the gradient is measured in terms of fluorescence intensity, and is then used to fit the parameters K-c and 0 with mathematical models. Critically, bacterial distributions under chemical gradients at two different concentrations were used to solve for both parameters independently. To validate the approach, the chemotaxis parameters of Escherichia coli strains towards -methylaspartate were experimentally derived and were found to be consistent with published results from related work. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 896-904. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Wang, Xiaopu; Ford, Roseanne M.] Univ Virginia, Sch Engn Appl Sci, Dept Chem Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Atencia, Javier] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Atencia, Javier] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ford, RM (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Sch Engn Appl Sci, Dept Chem Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM rmf3f@virginia.edu FU NSF [EAR-0711377, EAR-1141400] FX Contract grant sponsor: NSF; Grant numbers: EAR-0711377; EAR-1141400 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-3592 EI 1097-0290 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 112 IS 5 BP 896 EP 904 DI 10.1002/bit.25497 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA CE5BI UT WOS:000351844400006 PM 25408100 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Wang, H AF Kumar, Arun Wang, Hui TI On the potential of extratropical SST anomalies for improving climate predictions SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Climate prediction; Seasonal prediction; Decadal prediction; Skill of climate predictions ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; FORECAST SYSTEM; VERSION 2; PREDICTABILITY; VARIABILITY; OCEAN; OSCILLATION; ENSO AB Skill for initialized decadal predictions for atmospheric and terrestrial variability is posited to reside in successful prediction of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) associated with the low-frequency modes of coupled ocean-atmosphere variability, for example, Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) or Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO). So far, assessments of the skill of atmospheric and terrestrial variability in decadal predictions, however, have not been encouraging. Similarly, in the context of seasonal climate variability, teleconnections between SSTs associated with PDO and AMO and terrestrial climate have also been noted, but the same SST information used in predictive mode has failed to demonstrate convincing gains in skill. Are these results an artifact of model biases, or more a consequence of some fundamental property of coupled evolution of ocean-atmosphere system in extratropical latitudes, and the manner in which extratropical SST anomalies modulate (or constrain) atmospheric variability? Based on revisiting an analysis of a simple model that replicates the essential characteristics of coupled ocean-atmosphere interaction in extratropical latitudes, it is demonstrated that lack of additional skill in predicting atmospheric and terrestrial variability is more a consequence of fundamental characteristics of coupled evolution of ocean-atmosphere system. The results based on simple models are also substantiated following an analysis of a set of seasonal hindcasts with a fully coupled model. C1 [Kumar, Arun; Wang, Hui] NCWCP, Climate Predict Ctr, NOAA NWS NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Wang, Hui] Innovim, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), NCWCP, Climate Predict Ctr, NOAA NWS NCEP, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM arun.kumar@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Climate Program Office's Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections program FX Insigthful comments by Drs. Mingyue Chen and Peiteo Peng, and two anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated. This study was supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office's Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections program. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 44 IS 9-10 BP 2557 EP 2569 DI 10.1007/s00382-014-2398-8 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CD9ZE UT WOS:000351459800013 ER PT J AU Burgess, DR Manion, JA Hayes, CJ AF Burgess, Donald R., Jr. Manion, Jeffrey A. Hayes, Carrigan J. TI Data Formats for Elementary Gas-Phase Kinetics: Part 2. Unique Representations of Reactions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID REACTION-MECHANISM; OXIDATION; GENERATION; PYROLYSIS; SYSTEM AB A method of extending the IUPAC International Chemical Identifier (InChI) to describe and identify elementary reactions in a standard computer-readable notation is developed. Denoted InChI-ER, the method is based on the existing InChI formalism, with certain refinements for the better identification of molecular entities as proposed in Part 1 published previously in this journal. Using this base notation, an identifier for elementary reactions on a molecular level is created by adding additional layers in a conceptually similar and extensible manner. Two of the layers describe the atoms involved in the transition state and the connectivity changes that occur during the reaction. Additional layers classify the reactions on the basis of the connectivity changes, providing chemical information useful in organizing and searching kinetic data sets found in databases or used in detailed kinetic modeling. Important aspects of the method are that the proposed layers are optional, that they do not interfere with existing InChI specifications, and that they retain extensibility should further refinements be desired in the future. C1 [Burgess, Donald R., Jr.; Manion, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hayes, Carrigan J.] Otterbein Univ, Dept Chem, Westerville, OH 43081 USA. RP Burgess, DR (reprint author), NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dburgess@nist.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0538-8066 EI 1097-4601 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 47 IS 5 BP 334 EP 350 DI 10.1002/kin.20912 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CE8RZ UT WOS:000352113100005 ER PT J AU Kabirian, F Khan, AS Gnaupel-Herlod, T AF Kabirian, Farhoud Khan, Akhtar S. Gnaeupel-Herlod, Thomas TI Visco-plastic modeling of mechanical responses and texture evolution in extruded AZ31 magnesium alloy for various loading conditions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE Twinning; Crystal plasticity; Anisotropic material; Mechanical testing; High strain rate ID STRAIN RATES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MG ALLOYS; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; ZIRCONIUM ALLOYS; MG-3AL-1ZN ALLOY; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; ALPHA-TITANIUM; GRAIN-SIZE AB Mechanical responses and texture evolution of extruded A231 Mg are measured under uniaxial (tension-compression) and multiaxial (free-end torsion) loadings. Compression loading is carried out in three different directions: along the extrusion direction (ED), perpendicular to the extrusion direction (FED), and 45 degrees to the extrusion direction (45ED) at temperature and strain rate ranges of 77-423 K and 10(-4)-3000 s(-1), respectively. Texture evolution at different intermediate strains reveals that crystal reorientation is exhausted at smaller strains with increase in strain rate while increase in temperature retards twinning. In addition to the well-known tension-compression yield asymmetry, a strong anisotropy in strain hardening response is observed. However, this anisotropy is negligible at smaller strain so that compressive yield stress does not change with loading directions at each temperature and strain rate. Strain hardening during the compression experiment is intensified with decreasing and increasing temperature and strain rate, respectively. Even though the strain hardening response during the free-end torsion experiment resembles that in tension, the shear yield stress is significantly smaller than prediction of von-Mises criterion. This complex behavior is explained through the understanding roles of deformation mechanisms using the Visco-Plastic Self Consistent (VPSC) model. In order to calibrate the VPSC model's constants as accurate as possible, in contrast to previous studies, this paper employs the VPSC model to simulate a vast number of mechanical responses and crystallographic characteristics including stress-strain curves in tension, compression in three directions, and free-end torsion, texture evolution at different strains, lateral strains of compression samples, twin volume fraction, and axial strain during the torsion experiment The modeling results show that depending on the number of measurements used for calibration, roles of different mechanisms in plastic deformation change significantly. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kabirian, Farhoud; Khan, Akhtar S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Gnaeupel-Herlod, Thomas] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kabirian, F (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM farhoud1@umbc.edu; Khan@umbc.edu NR 74 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 10 U2 57 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 EI 1879-2154 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 68 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2014.10.012 PG 20 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA CE6QI UT WOS:000351962600001 ER PT J AU Bethea, DM Ajemian, MJ Carlson, JK Hoffmayer, ER Imhoff, JL Grubbs, RD Peterson, CT Burgess, GH AF Bethea, Dana M. Ajemian, Matthew J. Carlson, John K. Hoffmayer, Eric R. Imhoff, Johanna L. Grubbs, R. Dean Peterson, Cheston T. Burgess, George H. TI Distribution and community structure of coastal sharks in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Sharks; Distribution; Community structure; Gulf of Mexico ID ATLANTIC SHARPNOSE SHARK; CARCHARHINUS-LEUCAS; FLORIDA ESTUARY; SPHYRNA-TIBURO; NORTHERN GULF; RHIZOPRIONODON-TERRAENOVAE; GINGLYMOSTOMA-CIRRATUM; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; BONNETHEAD SHARKS AB Coastal shark abundance and community structure was quantified across 10 geographic areas in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico using fishery-independent gillnet data from 2003 to 2011. A total of 3,205 sets were made in which 14,244 carcharhiniform sharks, primarily juveniles, were caught comprising 11 species from three families. The three most abundant species, Atlantic sharpnose Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, bonnethead Sphyrna tiburo and blacktip sharks Carcharhinus limbatus, were consistently captured over all sampling sites regardless of environmental conditions; however, some species (e.g., bull C. leucas, blacknose C. acrontous, finetooth C. isodon, and sandbar sharks C. plumbeus) were restricted to a specific area or a range of areas. Two-way crossed analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) found geographic area to significantly influence shark species-life stage assemblages while season did not. Resemblance matrices between environmental data and shark community assemblage found the two were weakly but significantly correlated, with the combination of salinity and water clarity producing the highest Spearman rank correlation value. Species diversity varied by geographic area, but was generally highest in areas with the greatest amount of fresh and saltwater fluctuations. Our results suggest that estuarine conditions adjacent to river mouths may affect juvenile shark assemblages across similar latitudes and some areas of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico may be considered important nursery areas for select shark species. This study provides important insight into the habitat use of a variety of coastal shark species and can be used to better manage these species through the determination of critical habitat. C1 [Bethea, Dana M.; Carlson, John K.] Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Ajemian, Matthew J.] Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Harte Res Inst Gulf Mexico Studies, Corpus Christi, TX USA. [Hoffmayer, Eric R.] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS USA. [Imhoff, Johanna L.; Grubbs, R. Dean; Peterson, Cheston T.] Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, St Teresa, FL USA. [Burgess, George H.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Bethea, DM (reprint author), Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM Dana.Bethea@noaa.gov FU NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Highly Migratory Species Division FX DM Bethea and JK Carlson thank the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Panama City Laboratory, especially K Smith, L Hollensead, and the numerous unpaid interns. E Hoffmayer thanks JM Hendon and the technicians, students, and interns of the USM Gulf Coast Research Laboratories Shark Research Program. G Burgess and JL Imhoff wish to thank the Florida Program for Shark Research lab members and interns. MJ Ajemian thanks LM Showalter and the technicians, students, and interns of the Fisheries Ecology Lab of SP Powers. RD Grubbs and C Peterson thank the various FSU Coastal & Marine Lab undergraduate volunteers and graduate students. The GULFSPAN Survey is funded through the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Highly Migratory Species Division. All animals were collected under guidelines in Scientific Research Permit SER05092 and Special Activity Licenses 08SR-075 and 04SR-075. Opinions expressed herein are of the authors only. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service or collaborating institutions. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAY PY 2015 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1233 EP 1254 DI 10.1007/s10641-014-0355-3 PG 22 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CE0TH UT WOS:000351518900003 ER PT J AU Banas, NS Conway-Cranos, L Sutherland, DA MacCready, P Kiffney, P Plummer, M AF Banas, N. S. Conway-Cranos, L. Sutherland, D. A. MacCready, P. Kiffney, P. Plummer, M. TI Patterns of River Influence and Connectivity Among Subbasins of Puget Sound, with Application to Bacterial and Nutrient Loading SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Spatial connectivity; Circulation modeling; Pathogen loading; Nutrient loading; Puget Sound; Lagrangian methods; Particle tracking; Residence time ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; COASTAL OCEAN; MODEL; ESTUARY; IMPLEMENTATION; WASHINGTON; SIMULATE; GEORGIA; STRAIT AB Puget Sound is an estuarine inland sea fed by 14 major rivers and also strongly influenced by the nearby Fraser River. A comprehensive, particle-based reanalysis of an existing circulation model was used to map the area of influence of each of these rivers over a typical seasonal cycle. Each of the 131,000 particles released in the 15 rivers was associated with a freshwater volume, a nutrient load, and a fecal coliform load based on statistics from 10 years of Washington Department of Ecology monitoring data. Simple assumptions regarding mortality and nutrient utilization/export rates were used to estimate the decrease in bacterial and nutrient load as individual parcels of river water age. Reconstructions of basin-scale volume fluxes and salinities from the particle inventory provide consistency checks on the particle calculation, according to methods suitable for error analysis in a wide range of particle-based estuarine residence time studies. Results suggest that river contributions to total freshwater content in Puget Sound are highly nonlocal in spring and summer, with distant, large rivers (the Fraser and Skagit) accounting for a large fraction of total freshwater. However, bacterial mortality and nutrient export rates are relatively fast compared with transport timescales, and so significant loadings associated with major rivers are in most cases only seen close to river mouths. One notable exception is fecal coliform concentration in Bellingham Bay and Samish Bay, which lie north of Puget Sound proper; there, it appears that the Fraser River may rival local rivers (the Samish and Nooksack) as a pathogen source, with the much higher flow volume of the Fraser compensating for its remoteness. C1 [Banas, N. S.; MacCready, P.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Conway-Cranos, L.; Kiffney, P.; Plummer, M.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Sutherland, D. A.] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Banas, NS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM neil@ocean.washington.edu OI Sutherland, David/0000-0002-2843-8608; Banas, Neil/0000-0002-1892-9497 FU Environmental Protection Agency [DW-13-923276-01]; NOAA [NA10NOS4780158] FX This work was supported by the Environmental Protection Agency Grant DW-13-923276-01 to Mark Plummer and Peter Kiffney and NOAA grant NA10NOS4780158 to the University of Washington. Many thanks to the members of the UW Coastal Modeling Group for helpful discussions. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAY PY 2015 VL 38 IS 3 BP 735 EP 753 DI 10.1007/s12237-014-9853-y PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CE1ZY UT WOS:000351613100003 ER PT J AU Greene, CM Blackhart, K Nohner, J Candelmo, A Nelson, DM AF Greene, Correigh M. Blackhart, Kristan Nohner, Joe Candelmo, Allison Nelson, David Moe TI A National Assessment of Stressors to Estuarine Fish Habitats in the Contiguous USA SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Estuary; Habitat assessment; River flow; Pollution; Eutrophication; Land cover ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; COASTAL EUTROPHICATION; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; UNITED-STATES; HUDSON RIVER; SALT MARSHES; LAND-USE; HYPOXIA; WATER AB Estuaries provide vital habitat to a wide variety of fish species, so understanding how human activities impact estuarine habitats has important implications for management and conservation of fish stocks. We used nationwide datasets on anthropogenic disturbance to perform a quantitative assessment of habitat stressors in US estuaries. Habitat stressors were characterized by four categories of indicator datasets: (1) land cover/land use, (2) alteration of river flows, (3) pollution sources, and (4) eutrophication. These datasets were combined using a multiscale hierarchical spatial framework to provide a composite stressor index for 196 estuaries throughout the contiguous USA. Investigation of indicator patterns among 13 defined USA coastal subregions revealed clear differences across the USA attributable to both natural variation as well as differences in anthropogenic activities. We compared the mean composite scores for each subregion and found the lowest stressor index scores in the Downeast Maine and the Oregon Coast subregions. Subregions with the highest stressor index scores were the Southern California Bight (due to land cover changes, river flow alteration, and pollution) and Mid-Atlantic Bight (due to land cover changes, pollution, and eutrophication). Inland-based measures of pollutants, river flow, and land use all showed strong correlations with eutrophication measured within estuaries. Our approach provides an indicator-based assessment for a larger number of estuaries than has been possible in previous assessments, and in the case of river flow, for variables which previously have not been evaluated at a broad spatial scale. The results of this assessment can be applied to help prioritize watershed and estuarine restoration and protection across the contiguous USA. C1 [Greene, Correigh M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Blackhart, Kristan] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Nohner, Joe] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Candelmo, Allison] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Highlands, NJ USA. [Nelson, David Moe] NOAA, NOS Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Greene, CM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Correigh.Greene@noaa.gov NR 84 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAY PY 2015 VL 38 IS 3 BP 782 EP 799 DI 10.1007/s12237-014-9855-9 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CE1ZY UT WOS:000351613100006 ER PT J AU Sawabini, AM Schlezinger, DR Sundermeyer, MA Howes, BL AF Sawabini, Anna M. Schlezinger, David R. Sundermeyer, Miles A. Howes, Brian L. TI Regional Forcing by Light on Dissolved Oxygen Levels in Shallow Temperate Estuaries SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Dissolved oxygen; Estuary; Light; Hypoxia; PAR; Massachusetts ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CHESAPEAKE BAY; FRESH-WATER; HYPOXIA; EUTROPHICATION; PRODUCTIVITY; ECOSYSTEMS; SURVIVAL AB Estuarine oxygen and regional meteorological conditions were studied for 24 Massachusetts estuaries to determine regional influences of light on oxygen dynamics. During July and August 2006, near-bottom dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a, tide stage, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were measured. Relative low or high DO extrema occurred simultaneously across multiple estuaries despite differences in total oxygen levels. July and August had a total of 19 days with low DO in more than 25 % of sites, including 8 days with low DO in more than 50 % of sites. PAR averaged across nine monitoring locations accounted for a significant fraction of regional DO variance. Correlations between regional DO and regional light were greatest for a 1-day lag in light. Low DO occurred more frequently during low light conditions (PAR < 400 mu E m(-2) s(-1)), and high DO during high light conditions (PAR > 400 mu E m(-2) s(-1)). Precipitation did not appear to be a direct driver of DO during this timeframe. Comparison of chlorophyll-a with DO showed a negative correlation, indicating that respiration outpaced photosynthesis. These results suggest that local factors create the potential for hypoxia, but that regional light levels provide a key trigger. C1 [Sawabini, Anna M.; Schlezinger, David R.; Sundermeyer, Miles A.; Howes, Brian L.] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Estuarine & Ocean Sci, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. RP Sawabini, AM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM annie.sawabini@noaa.gov FU Janet N. Phiphard Endowment; University of Dartmouth Foundation; Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection; US Environmental Protection Agency FX Funding was provided by the Janet N. Phiphard Endowment, the University of Dartmouth Foundation, the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, and the US Environmental Protection Agency, which supported the Massachusetts Estuaries Project and analysis and synthesis by the Coastal Systems Program, School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth. Field assistance was provided by Sara Sampieri, Michael Bartlett, Jennifer Benson, Dahlia Medeiros, Alyssa MacDonald Haygood, Valarie Hall, and Emma Green-Beach. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAY PY 2015 VL 38 IS 3 BP 1062 EP 1076 DI 10.1007/s12237-014-9879-1 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CE1ZY UT WOS:000351613100027 ER PT J AU Montabone, L Forget, F Millour, E Wilson, RJ Lewis, SR Cantor, B Kass, D Klembohl, A Lemmon, MT Smith, MD Wolff, MJ AF Montabone, L. Forget, F. Millour, E. Wilson, R. J. Lewis, S. R. Cantor, B. Kass, D. Klemboehl, A. Lemmon, M. T. Smith, M. D. Wolff, M. J. TI Eight-year climatology of dust optical depth on Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, atmosphere; Mars, climate; Data reduction techniques ID IMAGING-SYSTEM THEMIS; MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; MGS TES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; ASSIMILATION; SURFACE; STORMS AB We have produced a multiannual climatology of airborne dust from martian year 24-31 using multiple datasets of retrieved or estimated column optical depths. The datasets are based on observations of the martian atmosphere from April 1999 to July 2013 made by different orbiting instruments: the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) aboard Mars Global Surveyor, the Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) aboard Mars Odyssey, and the Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) aboard Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). The procedure we have adopted consists of gridding the available retrievals of column dust optical depth (CDOD) from TES and THEMIS nadir observations, as well as the estimates of this quantity from MCS limb observations. Our gridding method calculates averages and uncertainties on a regularly spaced spatio-temporal grid, using an iterative procedure that is weighted in space, time, and retrieval quality. The lack of observations at certain times and locations introduces missing grid points in the maps, which therefore may result in irregularly gridded (i.e. incomplete) fields. In order to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the resulting gridded maps, we compare with independent observations of CDOD by Pan-Cam cameras and Mini-TES spectrometers aboard the Mars Exploration Rovers "Spirit" and "Opportunity", by the Surface Stereo Imager aboard the Phoenix lander, and by the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars aboard MRO. We have statistically analyzed the irregularly gridded maps to provide an overview of the dust climatology on Mars over eight years, specifically in relation to its interseasonal and interannual variability, in addition to provide a basis for instrument intercomparison. Finally, we have produced regularly gridded maps of CDOD by spatially interpolating the irregularly gridded maps using a kriging method. These complete maps are used as dust scenarios in the Mars Climate Database (MCD) version 5, and are useful in many modeling applications. The two datasets for the eight available martian years are publicly available and distributed with open access on the MCD website. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Montabone, L.; Forget, F.; Millour, E.] Univ Paris 06, Lab Meteorol Dynam, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Montabone, L.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. [Montabone, L.; Wolff, M. J.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Wilson, R. J.] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Lewis, S. R.] Open Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Cantor, B.] Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Kass, D.; Klemboehl, A.] JPL, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Lemmon, M. T.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Smith, M. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Montabone, L (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Lab Meteorol Dynam, Tour 45-55,3eme Etage,4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France. EM lmontabone@SpaceScience.org RI Lemmon, Mark/E-9983-2010; OI Lemmon, Mark/0000-0002-4504-5136; Millour, Ehouarn/0000-0003-4808-9203; Lewis, Stephen/0000-0001-7237-6494 FU European Space Agency; French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); American National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX13AK02G] FX The work published in this paper was funded by contracts with the European Space Agency to develop the Mars Climate Database. LM also acknowledges funding from the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the American National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under grant no. NNX13AK02G issued through the Mars Data Analysis Program 2012. The authors are indebted to many people whose direct or indirect help made it possible to write this paper. A particular mention is due to Aymeric Spiga, who always believed this paper would be finished one day, and provided time and competence during long discussion sessions. LM is grateful to Mathieu Vincendon, Joachim Audouard, Tanguy Bertrand, Frank Daerden, Melinda Kahre, and Daniel Tyler Jr. for feedback on earlier versions of the dust scenario maps, and to Helen Wang for initially guiding us through the MARCI images. We are also particularly grateful to Mathieu Vincendon and another anonymous reviewer for their comments and suggestions, which greatly helped to improve the paper. Last but not the least, LM wishes to thank his wife, HeloIse, for accepting the loss of many days of vacation during the long period he worked on this paper, and his newborn daughter, Lara, for having given him a good reason to speed up the writing! NR 72 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY 1 PY 2015 VL 251 BP 65 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.12.034 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CE0FQ UT WOS:000351480300006 ER PT J AU Wiafe, G Nyadjro, ES AF Wiafe, George Nyadjro, Ebenezer S. TI Satellite Observations of Upwelling in the Gulf of Guinea SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Altimetry; Ekman transport; Gulf of Guinea; Kelvin waves; satellite data; sea surface temperature (SST); upwelling; winds ID WIND STRESS; ATLANTIC; COAST; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; RESOLUTION; PACIFIC; IMPACT; MODEL AB The classical case of favorable winds driving coastal upwelling does not adequately account for the upwelling observed along the northwestern Gulf of Guinea (GoG) coast, which is the area of focus in this letter. Herein, we used mainly satellite-derived data to examine the dynamics of upwelling in the study area. Upwelling indexes are derived from sea surface temperature (SST) and wind influences. Low SST, which is a characteristic of upwelling, is observed mainly along the entire coastal region from July to September. The relative contributions of local wind forcing are quantified; the wind-stress-driven Ekman transport was more important than the wind-stress-curl-driven Ekman pumping in affecting changes in SST. They both however do not entirely explain the upwelling that is observed along the entire coast. It is shown that winds in the western equatorial Atlantic force eastward propagating upwelling Kelvin waves that lead to lowering of sea level and SST along the northwestern GoG coast. C1 [Wiafe, George] Univ Ghana, Dept Marine & Fisheries Sci, Accra, Ghana. [Nyadjro, Ebenezer S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Wiafe, G (reprint author), Univ Ghana, Dept Marine & Fisheries Sci, Accra, Ghana. EM ebenezer.nyadjro@noaa.gov FU National Research Council Research Associateship award at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory FX E. S. Nyadjro was supported by a National Research Council Research Associateship award at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. This is PMEL contribution no. 4248. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 12 IS 5 BP 1066 EP 1070 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2014.2379474 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CD9IQ UT WOS:000351412200030 ER PT J AU Chang, TJ Wu, XQ Weng, FZ AF Chang, Tiejun Wu, Xiangqian Weng, Fuzhong TI Postlaunch Calibration Update of MetOp-B AVHRR Reflective Solar Channels Using MetOp-A SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR); bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF); intercomparison; radiometric calibration AB The intercomparison of MetOp-A and MetOp-B Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer visible and near-infrared (NIR) channels over the Libyan Desert with consideration of the effect from the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) is used for MetOp-B postlaunch calibration update. In order to remove this effect from the comparison, two methods are investigated: BRDF effect modeling in direct comparison and seasonal oscillation regression. The BRDF modeling method employs both a simple linear model and an empirical model. The seasonal oscillation method has improved by adding a curve regression, where the seasonal oscillation is derived from MetOp-A measurement data since its launch and used for the regression of MetOp-B measurements. Using these methods, the reflectance ratios of MetOp-B overMetOp-A in three reflective solar channels have been derived, which are 1.034 for channel 1, 0.912 for channel 2, and 0.805 for channel 3A. The uncertainties of the derived ratios are estimated in the range of 4.7%-6.4%. The model accuracy and uncertainty have been discussed. Initial calibration updates based on these results have been delivered for the MetOp-B operational L1B product, and a routine update is performed monthly. The methods used in this work are also applicable to the intercomparison of other visible and NIR instruments. C1 [Chang, Tiejun] Raytheon, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. [Wu, Xiangqian; Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Natl Environm Data & Informat Serv, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Chang, TJ (reprint author), Raytheon, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RI Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service/STAR Cal/Val project FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service/STAR Cal/Val project. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2015 VL 53 IS 5 BP 2286 EP 2294 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2014.2356334 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CD4OO UT WOS:000351063100002 ER PT J AU Chew, CC Small, EE Larson, KM Zavorotny, VU AF Chew, Clara C. Small, Eric E. Larson, Kristine M. Zavorotny, Valery U. TI Vegetation Sensing Using GPS-Interferometric Reflectometry: Theoretical Effects of Canopy Parameters on Signal-to-Noise Ratio Data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Global Positioning System; radar; reflectometry; remote sensing ID SOIL-MOISTURE; WATER; MODEL; EMISSION AB The potential to use GPS signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data to estimate changes in vegetation surrounding a ground-based antenna is evaluated. A 1-D plane-stratified model that simulates the response of GPS SNR data to changes in both soil moisture and vegetation is presented. The model is validated against observations of SNR data from four field sites with varying vegetation cover. Validation shows that the average correlation between modeled and observed SNR data is higher than the average correlation between concurrent SNR observations from different satellite tracks at a site. The model also reproduces variations in the SNR metrics amplitude, phase, and effective reflector height over a range of vegetation wet weights from 0 to 4 kg . m(-2), with r(2) values of 0.79, 0.84, and 0.62, respectively. Model simulations indicate that the amplitude of SNR oscillations may be used to estimate vegetation amount when vegetation wet weight is below 1.5 kg . m(-2). When vegetation wet weight exceeds 1.5 kg . m(-2), the sensitivity of amplitude to changes in vegetation amount decreases. Phase of SNR oscillations also varies consistently with vegetation up to 1.5 kg . m(-2). However, phase is also very sensitive to soil moisture variations, thus limiting its utility for estimating vegetation. Effective reflector height is not a consistent indicator of vegetation change. Beyond 1.5 kg . m(-2), the constant frequency assumption used to characterize SNR fluctuations does not adequately describe observed data. A more complex approach than the standard SNR metrics used here is required to extend GPS-Interferometric Reflectometry sensing to thicker canopies. C1 [Chew, Clara C.; Small, Eric E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Larson, Kristine M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zavorotny, Valery U.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Chew, CC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM clara.chew@colorado.edu; eric.small@colorado.edu; kristinem.larson@gmail.com; valery.zavorotny@noaa.gov RI Small, eric/K-6007-2015 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-0935725]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX12AK21G, NNX13AF43G] FX This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation under Grant AGS-0935725 and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant NNX12AK21G and NNX13AF43G. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2015 VL 53 IS 5 BP 2755 EP 2764 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2014.2364513 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CD4OO UT WOS:000351063100036 ER PT J AU Pienaar, EF Lew, DK Wallmo, K AF Pienaar, Elizabeth F. Lew, Daniel K. Wallmo, Kristy TI The importance of survey content: Testing for the context dependency of the New Ecological Paradigm Scale SO SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE New Ecological Paradigm Scale; Survey context; Context dependency; Endangered species; Threatened species ID SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTEXT; ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDES; CONTINGENT VALUATION; NEP SCALE; VALUES; BELIEF; ENDORSEMENT; BEHAVIOR; CULTURE; BASES AB Using a regression-based analysis of a survey of U.S. households, we demonstrate that both environmental concern, as measured by the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) Scale, and facets of environmental concern, as measured by three NEP factors, are influenced by survey context. Survey respondents were presented with detailed information about two to four threatened and endangered marine species in the United States, including the Endangered Species Act listing status of the species and threats to the survival of the species. All else being equal, measures of environmental concern are influenced by both which species were included in the survey and by the concern expressed about these species. As such, measures of environmental concern are found to be context dependent since they are correlated with the species included in each survey. We also demonstrate that NEP-based measures of environmental concern are affected by socio-demographic variables, opinions about government spending, and environmental knowledge. Given the wide, multi-disciplinary use of the NEP Scale, it is important for researchers to recognize that NEP-based measures of environmental concern may be sensitive to information included in surveys. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Pienaar, Elizabeth F.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Lew, Daniel K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wallmo, Kristy] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Pienaar, EF (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, POB 110430, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM efpienaar@ufl.edu; Dan.Lew@noaa.gov; kristy.wallmo@noaa.gov OI Lew, Daniel/0000-0002-3394-138X; Pienaar, Elizabeth/0000-0003-0343-080X FU Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission [NA04NMF4370384] FX This work was supported by the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission [Grant No. NA04NMF4370384]. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0049-089X EI 1096-0317 J9 SOC SCI RES JI Soc. Sci. Res. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 51 BP 338 EP 349 DI 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.09.005 PG 12 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA CE0IN UT WOS:000351487800024 PM 25769871 ER PT J AU Zhu, XM Liu, GM Wang, J Wang, H Bao, XW Hu, W AF Zhu, Xueming Liu, Guimei Wang, Jia Wang, Hui Bao, Xianwen Hu, Wei TI A numerical study on the relationships of the variations of volume transport around the China seas SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Volume transport; Monsoon wind; The China seas; The Pacific Ocean; Seasonal variation ID NORTH EQUATORIAL CURRENT; OCEAN CIRCULATION MODEL; LUZON STRAIT TRANSPORT; TAIWAN STRAIT; PACIFIC-OCEAN; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TROPICAL PACIFIC; KOREA/TSUSHIMA STRAIT; WESTERN BOUNDARY; MINDANAO CURRENT AB Three dimensional oceanic circulations in the North Pacific Ocean are simulated using the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS). The model very well reproduces the main oceanic circulation patterns and the hydrodynamic structures in the North Pacific Ocean, especially in the China seas. Eight transects around the China seas are selected to analyze volume transport and their relationships. The simulated mean volume transport and their standard deviations are in good agreement with previous studies and observations in the Taiwan Strait (rws, 1.79 +/- 0.96 Sv, 1 Sv 10(6) m(3)/s), East of Taiwan (PCM, 20.03 +/- 5.19 Sv), Tokara Strait (TKS, 19.22 +/- 3.22 Sv), Tsushima Strait (TUS, 2.14 +/- 0.47 Sv), Luzon Strait (LUS, 4.57 +/- 4.13 Sv), Karimata Strait (KMS, 1.28 +/- 0.65 Sv), East of Luzon Island (ELI, 13.93 +/- 5.31 Sv), and 137 degrees E across the North Equatorial Current from 10 degrees N to 20 degrees N (137E, 44.0 +/- 9.90 Sv). Three kinds of time scale variations (seasonal, sub-seasonal, intra-seasonal) were found in the volume transport through these transects with over the 95% significance level. The power spectrum density of the seasonal variation was almost one order of magnitude larger than the others for transects around the China seas. Coherency relationships among the volume transport through transects were analyzed. The results indicate that the seasonal time scale variations in volume transport around the China seas were dominated by the monsoon winds, but the Kuroshio along its pathway was relatively stable with small seasonal variation; the sub-seasonal time scale variations were associated with strong monsoon reversal winds; and the intra-seasonal variations were complex and weak, associating with local small scale winds and mesoscale eddy activities along the Kuroshio. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhu, Xueming; Bao, Xianwen] Ocean Univ China, Coll Phys & Environm Oceanog, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Xueming; Liu, Guimei; Wang, Hui] Natl Marine Environm Forecasting Ctr, Key Lab Res Marine Hazards Forecasting, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Jia] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Hu, Wei] Shandong Prov Key Lab Marine Ecol Environm & Disa, Qingdao 266033, Peoples R China. [Hu, Wei] SOA, North China Sea Marine Forecast Ctr, Qingdao 266033, Peoples R China. RP Zhu, XM (reprint author), SOA, NMEFC, Key Lab Res Marine Hazards Forecasting LoMF, 8 Dahuisi Rd, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM zhuxm@nmefc.gov.cn OI Wang, Jia/0000-0003-4154-9721 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41222038, 41206023, 41076011]; National Basic Research Program of China ("973" Program) [2011CB403606]; State Scholarship Fund from the China Scholarship Council; NOM GLERL [1741] FX This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos. 41222038, 41206023, 41076011 and from the National Basic Research Program of China ("973" Program) under contract No. 2011CB403606. Xueming Zhu was supported by the State Scholarship Fund from the China Scholarship Council to conduct this research at NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL). Dr. Jia Wang was supported by NOM GLERL contribution No. 1741. We thank Cathy Darnell for editing this paper. The GEBCO_08 Grid, version 20091120, http://www.gebco.net was used in this study. The comments of an anonymous reviewer were helpful in improving the original manuscript. NR 83 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 145 BP 15 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.12.003 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CD2OW UT WOS:000350919900002 ER PT J AU Frenkel, M AF Frenkel, Michael TI A never-ending search for the truth: Thermodynamics in the uncertain era of the internet SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Dynamic data evaluation; Global Information Systems; Thermophysical property data; Data-driven technologies; Experimental data quality ID THERMODATA ENGINE TDE; VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIUM; THERMOCHEMICAL PROPERTY DATA; XML-BASED APPROACH; SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; PURE COMPOUNDS; TECHNICAL APPLICATIONS; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; DATA COMPILATIONS AB This article is based on the 20th Rossini Lecture delivered on 28 July 2014 at the opening of the 23rd International Conference on Chemical Thermodynamics in Durban, South Africa. In the last several decades, enormous progress in material and computer sciences has led, in many scientific disciplines, to fundamental improvements in experimental measurement technologies. That, in combination with new communication technologies and gradually increasing societal commitment to support public scientific research, has resulted in an unprecedented growth in the "production'' of the reported experimental results. These trends together with dramatically growing demand for thermo-physical and thermochemical property data related to new chemical processes and products necessitated development of dynamic methods of critical data evaluation within a framework of the concept of Global Information Systems in Science which was developed and implemented for the field of thermodynamics at the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) of the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Principal advantages of this approach in comparison with the traditional static methods of critical data evaluation are illustrated. Major components of the developed system and its impact on such areas of human activities as information delivery, data publication, chemical process design, chemical product design, experiment planning, and education are discussed. The systems and software tools designed for global validation of experimental values are outlined. A variety of experimental data-driven technologies for thermophysical property prediction developed with the use of the elements of the Global Information System in Thermodynamics, including those based on surrogate mixture models, group contributions, QSPR, UNIFAC, and Monte Carlo molecular simulation, are described. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIST, Thermodynam Res Ctr, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Frenkel, M (reprint author), NIST, Thermodynam Res Ctr, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM frenkel@boulder.nist.gov NR 125 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 41 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 EI 1096-3626 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 84 BP 18 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2014.12.016 PG 23 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA CB9OM UT WOS:000349961200004 ER PT J AU Akashi-Ronquest, M Amaudruz, PA Batygov, M Beltran, B Bodmer, M Boulay, MG Broerman, B Buck, B Butcher, A Cai, B Caldwell, T Chen, M Chen, Y Cleveland, B Coakley, K Dering, K Duncan, FA Formaggio, JA Gagnon, R Gastler, D Giuliani, F Gold, M Golovko, VV Gorel, P Graham, K Grace, E Guerrero, N Guiseppe, V Hallin, AL Harvey, P Hearns, C Henning, R Hime, A Hofgartner, J Jaditz, S Jillings, CJ Kachulis, C Kearns, E Kelsey, J Klein, JR Kuzniak, M LaTorre, A Lawson, I Li, O Lidgard, JJ Liimatainen, P Linden, S McFarlane, K McKinsey, DN MacMullin, S Mastbaum, A Mathew, R McDonald, AB Mei, DM Monroe, J Muir, A Nantais, C Nicolics, K Nikkel, JA Noble, T O'Dwyer, E Olsen, K Gann, GDO Ouellet, C Palladino, K Pasuthip, P Perumpilly, G Pollmann, T Rau, P Retiere, F Rielage, K Schnee, R Seibert, S Skensved, P Sonley, T Vazquez-Jauregui, E Veloce, L Walding, J Wang, B Wang, J Ward, M Zhang, C AF Akashi-Ronquest, M. Amaudruz, P. -A. Batygov, M. Beltran, B. Bodmer, M. Boulay, M. G. Broerman, B. Buck, B. Butcher, A. Cai, B. Caldwell, T. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Cleveland, B. Coakley, K. Dering, K. Duncan, F. A. Formaggio, J. A. Gagnon, R. Gastler, D. Giuliani, F. Gold, M. Golovko, V. V. Gorel, P. Graham, K. Grace, E. Guerrero, N. Guiseppe, V. Hallin, A. L. Harvey, P. Hearns, C. Henning, R. Hime, A. Hofgartner, J. Jaditz, S. Jillings, C. J. Kachulis, C. Kearns, E. Kelsey, J. Klein, J. R. Kuzniak, M. LaTorre, A. Lawson, I. Li, O. Lidgard, J. J. Liimatainen, P. Linden, S. McFarlane, K. McKinsey, D. N. MacMullin, S. Mastbaum, A. Mathew, R. McDonald, A. B. Mei, D. -M. Monroe, J. Muir, A. Nantais, C. Nicolics, K. Nikkel, J. A. Noble, T. O'Dwyer, E. Olsen, K. Gann, G. D. Orebi Ouellet, C. Palladino, K. Pasuthip, P. Perumpilly, G. Pollmann, T. Rau, P. Retiere, F. Rielage, K. Schnee, R. Seibert, S. Skensved, P. Sonley, T. Vazquez-Jauregui, E. Veloce, L. Walding, J. Wang, B. Wang, J. Ward, M. Zhang, C. TI Improving photoelectron counting and particle identification in scintillation detectors with Bayesian techniques SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Dark matter; Neutrino; Pulse-shape discrimination; Liquid argon ID LIQUID ARGON AB Many current and future dark matter and neutrino detectors are designed to measure scintillation light with a large array of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). The energy resolution and particle identification capabilities of these detectors depend in part on the ability to accurately identify individual photoelectrons in PMT waveforms despite large variability in pulse amplitudes and pulse pileup. We describe a Bayesian technique that can identify the times of individual photoelectrons in a sampled PMT waveform without deconvolution, even when pileup is present. To demonstrate the technique, we apply it to the general problem of particle identification in single-phase liquid argon dark matter detectors. Using the output of the Bayesian photoelectron counting algorithm described in this paper, we construct several test statistics for rejection of backgrounds for dark matter searches in argon. Compared to simpler methods based on either observed charge or peak finding, the photoelectron counting technique improves both energy resolution and particle identification of low energy events in calibration data from the DEAP-1 detector and simulation of the larger MiniCLEAN dark matter detector. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Beltran, B.; Gorel, P.; Hallin, A. L.; Olsen, K.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada. [Gastler, D.; Kachulis, C.; Kearns, E.; Linden, S.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Gann, G. D. Orebi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Batygov, M.; Graham, K.; McFarlane, K.; Ouellet, C.] Carleton Univ, Dept Phys, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Batygov, M.; Cleveland, B.; Duncan, F. A.; Jillings, C. J.] Laurentian Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada. [Akashi-Ronquest, M.; Hime, A.; Rielage, K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Buck, B.; Formaggio, J. A.; Guerrero, N.; Jaditz, S.; Kelsey, J.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Coakley, K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bodmer, M.; Giuliani, F.; Gold, M.; Wang, J.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Henning, R.; MacMullin, S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Hime, A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Caldwell, T.; Klein, J. R.; LaTorre, A.; Mastbaum, A.; Seibert, S.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Boulay, M. G.; Broerman, B.; Cai, B.; Chen, M.; Dering, K.; Gagnon, R.; Golovko, V. V.; Harvey, P.; Hearns, C.; Kuzniak, M.; Lidgard, J. J.; Mathew, R.; McDonald, A. B.; Nicolics, K.; Noble, T.; O'Dwyer, E.; Pasuthip, P.; Rau, P.; Skensved, P.; Sonley, T.; Veloce, L.; Ward, M.] Queens Univ, Dept Phys Engn Phys & Astron, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Butcher, A.; Grace, E.; Monroe, J.; Nikkel, J. A.; Walding, J.] Univ London, Dept Phys, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. [Cleveland, B.; Duncan, F. A.; Hofgartner, J.; Jillings, C. J.; Lawson, I.; Li, O.; Liimatainen, P.; Nantais, C.; Palladino, K.; Vazquez-Jauregui, E.] SNOLAB Inst, Lively, ON P3Y 1N2, Canada. [Guiseppe, V.; Mei, D. -M.; Perumpilly, G.] Univ S Dakota, Dept Phys, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [Chen, Y.; Schnee, R.; Wang, B.; Zhang, C.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Henning, R.; MacMullin, S.] Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Amaudruz, P. -A.; Muir, A.; Retiere, F.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [McKinsey, D. N.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Caldwell, T (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM tcald@hep.upenn.edu RI Kuzniak, Marcin/A-3053-2015; OI Kuzniak, Marcin/0000-0001-9632-9115; Rielage, Keith/0000-0002-7392-7152 FU United States Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics; Canadian Foundation for Innovation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council FX This work has in part been supported by the United States Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics.; Support for DEAP-1 has been provided by the Canadian Foundation for Innovation and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council. The High Performance Computing Virtual Laboratory (HPCVL) has provided us with CPU time, data storage, and support. We would also like to thank the SNOLAB staff for on-site support. The work of our co-op and summer students, including Christopher Stanford who operated DEAF-1 during the data-taking in this paper, is gratefully acknowledged. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 EI 1873-2852 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 65 BP 40 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2014.12.006 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA CB6GK UT WOS:000349725300004 ER PT J AU DeWitt, KM To, TT Heilweil, EJ Burkey, TJ AF DeWitt, Kristy M. To, Tung T. Heilweil, Edwin J. Burkey, Theodore J. TI Linkage Isomerization via Geminate Cage or Bimolecular Mechanisms: Time-Resolved Investigations of an Organometallic Photochrome SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID RUTHENIUM SULFOXIDE COMPLEX; HYDROGEN BOND ACTIVATION; TRICARBONYL DERIVATIVES; OPTICAL MEMORY; POLYMER; SPECTROSCOPY; FEMTOSECOND; DYNAMICS; LIGHT; PHOTOCHEMISTRY AB The extent of the photoinitiated linkage isomerization of dicarbonyl(3-cyanomethylpyricline-KN)(eta(5)-methylcydopentadienyl)manganese (4) to dicarbonyl(3-cyano-KN-methylpyridine)(eta(5)-methylcydopentadienyl)manganese (5) was examined by time-resolved infrared spectroscopy on picosecond to microsecond time scales in room temperature isooctane to determine the extent the isomerization occurs as a geminate cage rearrangement. We previously reported that a substantial part of the conversion between 4 and 5 must be a bimolecular reaction between a solvent coordinated dicarbonyl(eta(5)-methylcyclopentadienyl)manganese (3) and uncoordinated 3-cyanomethylpyridine. For the purpose of designing a molecular device, it would be desirable for the photoisomerization to occur in a geminate cage reaction, because the faster the isomerization, the less opportunity for side reactions to occur. In this study, assignments of transients are identified by comparison with transients observed for model reactions. Within 100 mu s after photolysis of 4 in isooctane, no 5 is observed. Instead, the solvent coordinated 3 is observed within 25 ps after irradiation. The formation of 5 is observed only in the presence of 9 mM 3-cyanomethylpyridine but not until 10-50 mu s after irradiation of 4. Within the limits of detection, these results indicate the conversion of 4 to 5 occurs exclusively via a bimolecular reaction of 3-cyanomethylpyridine with solvent coordinated 3 and not a geminate cage reaction between 3-cyanomethylpyridine and the dicarbonyl(eta(5)-methylcydopentadienyl)manganese fragment. C1 [DeWitt, Kristy M.; To, Tung T.; Heilweil, Edwin J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radiat Phys Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Burkey, Theodore J.] Univ Memphis, Dept Chem, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Heilweil, EJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radiat Phys Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edwin.heilweil@nist.gov; tburkey@memphis.edu FU National Science Foundation [CHE0911528]; internal NIST Scientific, Technical and Research Services (STRS) funds; NIST National Research Council FX This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant CHE0911528. Partial support was provided to E.J.H. and T.T.T. for their contributions through internal NIST Scientific, Technical and Research Services (STRS) funds, and K.M.D. gratefully acknowledges support through a NIST National Research Council postdoctoral associateship position. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 30 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 17 BP 5531 EP 5536 DI 10.1021/jp513033j PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CH3LA UT WOS:000353931000021 PM 25806597 ER PT J AU Spencer, AP Li, H Cundie, ST Jonas, DM AF Spencer, Austin P. Li, Hebin Cundie, Steven T. Jonas, David M. TI Pulse Propagation Effects in Optical 2D Fourier-Transform Spectroscopy: Theory SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-QUANTUM COHERENCES; LIQUID-STATE NMR; FREE-INDUCTION DECAY; TIME-DOMAIN METHOD; PHOTON-ECHO; NONLINEAR OPTICS; LOCAL ORIGIN; DENSE MEDIA; FEMTOSECOND SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY AB A solution to Maxwell's equations in the three-dimensional frequency domain is used to calculate rephasing two-dimensional Fourier transform (2DFT) spectra of the D-2 line of atomic rubidium vapor in argon buffer gas. Experimental,distortions from the spatial propagation of pulses through the sample are simulated in 2DFT spectra calculated for the homogeneous Bloch line shape model. Spectral features that appear at optical densities of up, to 3 are investigated. As optical,density increases, absorptive and,dispersive distortions start with peak shape broadening, progress to peak splitting, and ultimately result in a previously unexplored coherent transient twisting of the,Split. peaks. In contrast to the low Optical density limit, where the 2D peak shape for the Bloch model depends, only on the total dephasing time,:thee:,distortion of the 2D peak shape at finite optical density vary with the waiting time and the excited state lifetime through coherent transient effects. Experiment-specific conditions are explored, demonstrating the effects Of varying beam overlap within the sample and of pseudo-time domain filtering. For beam. overlap Starting at the sample entrance, decreasing the length of beam overlap reduces the line width along the omega(tau), axis but also reduces signal intensity A pseudo-time domain filter, where signal prior to the center of the last excitation pulse is excluded from the FED-referenced 2D signal, reduces propagation distortions along the omega(tau) axis. It is - dedemonstratedhat 2DFT rephasing spectra cannot take advantage of an excitation detection transformation that can eliminate propagation distortions in 2DFT:relaiation spectra. Finally, the high optical density experimental 2DFT spectrum of rubidium vapor in argon buffer gas [J. Phys, Chem. A 2013, 117, 6279-6287] is quarititatively compared; in-line-width, in depth of Peak splitting, and,in coherent transient peak twisting, to a siniulation with optical density higher than :that reported. C1 [Spencer, Austin P.; Jonas, David M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, Hebin; Cundie, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, Hebin; Cundie, Steven T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, Hebin] Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Jonas, DM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM david.jonas@colorado.edu RI Jonas, David/A-7491-2008; OI Jonas, David/0000-0002-1085-8161; Spencer, Austin/0000-0003-4043-2062 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-1112365]; Center for Revolutionary Solar Photoconversion; NSF through the JILA PFC [1125844] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CHE-1112365. We thank the Center for Revolutionary Solar Photoconversion for funding the computer used for these calculations. The work at JILA was funded by the NSF through the JILA PFC, Award Number 1125844. NR 103 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD APR 30 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 17 BP 3936 EP 3960 DI 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b00001 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CH3KY UT WOS:000353930800008 PM 25880720 ER PT J AU Judkins, H Arbuckle, S Vecchione, M Garrison, L Martinez, A AF Judkins, Heather Arbuckle, Scarlett Vecchione, Michael Garrison, Lance Martinez, Anthony TI Cephalopods in the potential prey field of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) (Cetacea: Physeteridae) in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE cephalopod; predator/prey; sperm whale; diversity; Gulf of Mexico ID STOMACH CONTENTS; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; INFORMATION; ATLANTIC; DIET AB Cephalopods of the northern Gulf of Mexico are widely distributed and provide an important food source for a variety of marine animals. Sperm whales are year-round residents in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Prey availability has been proposed as an explanation for this non-migratory whale population. To examine this explanation, a short pilot cruise was conducted during the summer of 2009 to test equipment and to obtain preliminary observations. Then the 3-month Sperm Whale Acoustic Prey Study (SWAPS) was conducted during the winter/spring of 2010 to sample the mid-water pelagic community for possible prey of sperm whales. It also compared sperm whale distribution and prey composition across habitats of the northern Gulf of Mexico. This paper focuses on the cephalopod diversity within the mid-water pelagic community and assesses potential prey of the endangered sperm whales. C1 [Judkins, Heather] Univ S Florida, Dept Biol Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Arbuckle, Scarlett] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Vecchione, Michael] Natl Museum Nat Hist, NMFS Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Garrison, Lance; Martinez, Anthony] NMFS Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Judkins, H (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Biol Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM Judkins@mail.usf.edu NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 31 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2933 EI 1464-5262 J9 J NAT HIST JI J. Nat. Hist. PD APR 30 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 21-24 SI SI BP 1267 EP 1280 DI 10.1080/00222933.2013.802045 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI1BH UT WOS:000354474700002 ER PT J AU Roper, CFE Gutierrez, A Vecchione, M AF Roper, Clyde F. E. Gutierrez, A. Vecchione, M. TI Paralarval octopods of the Florida Current SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE Octopoda; taxonomy; distribution; paralarva; Incirrata ID CEPHALOPOD PARALARVAE; UPWELLING AREA; JOUBINI; GROWTH; WATERS; BRAZIL; SPAIN; LARVA AB Taxonomic and ecological aspects of paralarval octopods from the Florida Current (Gulf Stream) waters off Fort Pierce, Florida are reported. Nine external morphological features were analysed in each specimen, including chromatophore patterns and meristic characters. The relative abundance of each species present in the collections made at standard stations [2-26 nautical miles (nmi) offshore at 2-nmi intervals; 1nmi=1.8520km] was determined in relation to seasonal occurrence, depth of capture, distance offshore and time of day/night. The most common species in the samples was Octopus "vulgaris", followed by Amphioctopus burryi and Macrotritopus defilippi (two morphs). Two forms could not be verified to species, but they most closely resemble Scaeurgus unicirrhus and "Octopus" joubini. The seasonal distribution of the most commonly captured species showed peak relative abundance in the summer months. Paralarval octopods were captured most frequently in the standard stations between 18 and 22nmi (29.6-40.7km) offshore in the mid-depth stratum of the water column. Most of the species represented in this study were captured in higher numbers at night than during the day, with the exception of A.burryi. C1 [Roper, Clyde F. E.; Gutierrez, A.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Vecchione, M.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Roper, CFE (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM gsquidinc@verizon.net FU National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution FX Alfredo Gutierrez gratefully acknowledges the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, for his appointment and grant support on the Research Training Program in 1995. We heartily acknowledge the long-term support provided by the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, Florida, from which an extensive cephalopod research programme was carried out over a number of years. We most especially thank our colleague, Dr Mary E. Rice, former Director of the Smithsonian Marine Station, for her strong support of our programme. The research support staff (H. Reichert, W. Lee, S. Reid, J. Kaminsky) are heartily and warmly acknowledged for their years-long support of the research of Roper and Vecchione. M.J. Sweeney was always an invaluable colleague, both at sea and ashore. We acknowledge with enthusiastic gratitude his long participation and constant good efforts on behalf of the cephalopod programme. Ingrid H. Roper, Paula Rothman and Ruth Gibbons provided invaluable technical support, of which we are most appreciative. The Humboldt Field Research Institute in Steuben, Maine and Director J. Loetze provided facilities for working on this project. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2933 EI 1464-5262 J9 J NAT HIST JI J. Nat. Hist. PD APR 30 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 21-24 SI SI BP 1281 EP 1304 DI 10.1080/00222933.2013.802046 PG 24 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI1BH UT WOS:000354474700003 ER PT J AU Tong, MS Song, J Chu, W AF Tong, Mingsi Song, John Chu, Wei TI An Improved Algorithm of Congruent Matching Cells (CMC) Method for Firearm Evidence Identifications SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ballistics identification; cartridge case; Congruent Matching Cells (CMC); correlation cells; forensic science; image processing AB The Congruent Matching Cells (CMC) method was invented at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for firearm evidence identifications. The CMC method divides the measured image of a surface area, such as a breech face impression from a fired cartridge case, into small correlation cells and uses four identification parameters to identify correlated cell pairs originating from the same firearm. The CMC method was validated by identification tests using both 3D topography images and optical images captured from breech face impressions of 40 cartridge cases fired from a pistol with 10 consecutively manufactured slides. In this paper, we discuss the processing of the cell correlations and propose an improved algorithm of the CMC method which takes advantage of the cell correlations at a common initial phase angle and combines the forward and backward correlations to improve the identification capability. The improved algorithm is tested by 780 pairwise correlations using the same optical images and 3D topography images as the initial validation. C1 [Tong, Mingsi] Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Mechatron Engn, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. [Tong, Mingsi; Song, John; Chu, Wei] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tong, MS (reprint author), Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Mechatron Engn, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. EM mingsi.tong@nist.gov; jun-feng.song@nist.gov; wei.chu@nist.gov FU NIST's Forensic Measurement Challenge Project (FMC) FX The funding for this work is provided by NIST's Forensic Measurement Challenge Project (FMC2012). The authors are grateful to T. Fadul of the Miami-Dade Crime Lab. for providing test samples and to X. Zheng of NIST for providing the topographic images. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD APR 29 PY 2015 VL 120 BP 102 EP 112 DI 10.6028/jres.120.008 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CN8WH UT WOS:000358725800001 PM 26958441 ER PT J AU Buchaca-Domingo, E Vandewal, K Fei, ZP Watkins, SE Scholes, FH Bannock, JH de Mello, JC Richter, LJ DeLongchamp, DM Amassian, A Heeney, M Salleo, A Stingelin, N AF Buchaca-Domingo, Ester Vandewal, Koen Fei, Zhuping Watkins, Scott E. Scholes, Fiona H. Bannock, James H. de Mello, John C. Richter, Lee J. DeLongchamp, Dean M. Amassian, Aram Heeney, Martin Salleo, Alberto Stingelin, Natalie TI Direct Correlation of Charge Transfer Absorption with Molecular Donor:Acceptor Interfacial Area via Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR-CELLS; SEMICONDUCTING POLYMERS; MICROSTRUCTURE; MISCIBILITY; PERFORMANCE; BLEND; MORPHOLOGIES; GENERATION; MOBILITY AB Here we show that the charge transfer (CT) absorption signal in bulk-heterojunction solar cell blends, measured by photothermal deflection spectroscopy, is directly proportional to the density of molecular donor:acceptor interfaces. Since the optical transitions from the ground state to the interfacial CT state are weakly allowed at photon energies below the, optical gap of both the donor and acceptor, we can exploit the use of this sensitive linear absorption spectroscopy for such quantification. Moreover, we determine the absolute molar extinction coefficient Of the CT transition for an archetypical polymer:fullerence interface. The latter is,400 times lower than the extinction coefficient of the donor chromophore involved, allowing us to experimentally estimate the transition dipole moment as 0.3 D and the electronic coupling between the ground and CT states be on the order of 30 meV. C1 [Buchaca-Domingo, Ester; Stingelin, Natalie] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Buchaca-Domingo, Ester; Fei, Zhuping; Bannock, James H.; de Mello, John C.; Heeney, Martin; Stingelin, Natalie] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Plast Elect, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Buchaca-Domingo, Ester; Amassian, Aram] KAUST, Solar & Photovolta Engn Res Ctr, Div Phys Sci & Engn, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. [Vandewal, Koen; Salleo, Alberto] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Vandewal, Koen] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Angew Photophys, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. [Fei, Zhuping; Bannock, James H.; de Mello, John C.; Heeney, Martin] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Watkins, Scott E.; Scholes, Fiona H.] CSIRO Mfg Flagship, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. [Richter, Lee J.; DeLongchamp, Dean M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Buchaca-Domingo, E (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM e.buchaca-domingo@imperial.ac.uk; koen.vandewal@iapp.de RI Heeney, Martin/O-1916-2013; Stingelin, Natalie/D-6745-2016; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016; OI Heeney, Martin/0000-0001-6879-5020; Stingelin, Natalie/0000-0002-1414-4545; Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724; Bannock, James/0000-0002-6251-2613; Fei, Zhuping/0000-0002-2160-9136; Vandewal, Koen/0000-0001-5471-383X FU Global Collaborative Research Grant by KAUST [CRG-1-2012-THO-015]; SABIC Fellowship; ERC [279587]; Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851; RSC FX This work was supported by a Global Collaborative Research Grant by KAUST (Award CRG-1-2012-THO-015). In addition, E.B.-D. was supported by a SABIC Fellowship and N.S. by an ERC Starting Independent Research Fellowship under Grant Agreement 279587, and J.H.B. holds an Industrial Fellowship with the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851. E.B.-D. is also grateful to the RSC for their support with an RSC International Author Journals Grant. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 83 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 29 PY 2015 VL 137 IS 16 BP 5256 EP 5259 DI 10.1021/ja512410f PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CH3LF UT WOS:000353931500004 PM 25856143 ER PT J AU Bartz, KK Ford, MJ Beechie, TJ Fresh, KL Pess, GR Kennedy, RE Rowse, ML Sheer, M AF Bartz, Krista K. Ford, Michael J. Beechie, Timothy J. Fresh, Kurt L. Pess, George R. Kennedy, Robert E. Rowse, Melinda L. Sheer, Mindi TI Trends in Developed Land Cover Adjacent to Habitat for Threatened Salmon in Puget Sound, Washington, USA SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; SPECIES RECOVERY PLANS; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; FOREST DISTURBANCE; PATTERNS; STREAMS; BIODIVERSITY; VARIABILITY; MITIGATION; NORTHWEST AB For widely distributed species at risk, such as Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), habitat monitoring is both essential and challenging. Only recently have widespread monitoring programs been implemented for salmon habitat in the Pacific Northwest. Remote sensing data, such as Landsat images, are therefore a useful way to evaluate trends prior to the advent of species-specific habitat monitoring programs. We used annual (1986-2008) land cover maps created from Landsat images via automated algorithms (LandTrendr) to evaluate trends in developed (50-100% impervious) land cover in areas adjacent to five types of habitat utilized by Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) in the Puget Sound region of Washington State, U.S.A. For the region as a whole, we found significant increases in developed land cover adjacent to each of the habitat types evaluated (nearshore, estuary, mainstem channel, tributary channel, and floodplain), but the increases were small (<1% total increase from 1986 to 2008). For each habitat type, the increasing trend changed during the time series. In nearshore, mainstem, and floodplain areas, the rate of increase in developed land cover slowed in the latter portion of the time series, while the opposite occurred in estuary and tributary areas. Watersheds that were already highly developed in 1986 tended to have higher rates of development than initially less developed watersheds. Overall, our results suggest that developed land cover in areas adjacent to Puget Sound salmon habitat has increased only slightly since 1986 and that the rate of change has slowed near some key habitat types, although this has occurred within the context of a degraded baseline condition. C1 [Bartz, Krista K.; Ford, Michael J.; Rowse, Melinda L.; Sheer, Mindi] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Beechie, Timothy J.; Fresh, Kurt L.; Pess, George R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kennedy, Robert E.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ford, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM mike.ford@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service FX This work was funded by the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 29 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 4 AR e0124415 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0124415 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CH0LO UT WOS:000353711600085 PM 25923327 ER PT J AU Yamani, Z Buyers, WJL Wang, F Kim, YJ Chung, JH Chang, S Gehring, PM Gasparovic, G Stock, C Broholm, CL Baglo, JC Liang, R Bonn, DA Hardy, WN AF Yamani, Zahra Buyers, W. J. L. Wang, F. Kim, Y. -J. Chung, J. -H. Chang, S. Gehring, P. M. Gasparovic, G. Stock, C. Broholm, C. L. Baglo, J. C. Liang, Ruixing Bonn, D. A. Hardy, W. N. TI Separation of magnetic and superconducting behavior in YBa2Cu3O6.33 (T-c=8.4 K) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SPIN-GLASS; ANTIFERROMAGNETIC ORDER; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; DOPED LA2-XSR(X)CUO4; PHASE-DIAGRAM; FLUCTUATIONS; STATE AB Neutron scattering from high-quality YBa2Cu3O6.33 (YBCO6.33) single crystals with a T-c of 8.4 K shows no evidence of a coexistence of superconductivity with long-range antiferromagnetic order at this very low, near-critical doping of p similar to 0.055. However, we find short-range three-dimensional spin correlations that develop at temperatures much higher than T-c. Their intensity increases smoothly on cooling and shows no anomaly that might signify a Neel transition. The system remains subcritical with spins correlated over only one and a half unit cells normal to the planes. At low energies, the short-range spin response is static on the microvolt scale. The excitations out of this ground state give rise to an overdamped spectrum with a relaxation rate of 3 meV. The transition to the superconducting state below T-c has no effect on the spin correlations. The elastic interplanar spin response extends over a length that grows weakly but fails to diverge as doping is moved towards the superconducting critical point. Any antiferromagnetic critical point likely lies outside the superconducting dome. The observations suggest that conversion from Neel long-range order to a spin-glass texture is a prerequisite to formation of paired superconducting charges. We show that while p(c) = 0.052 is a critical doping for superconducting pairing, it is not for spin order. C1 [Yamani, Zahra; Buyers, W. J. L.] AECL Res, Chalk River Labs, Canadian Neutron Beam Ctr, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. [Wang, F.; Kim, Y. -J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Chung, J. -H.] Korea Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Chang, S.; Gehring, P. M.; Gasparovic, G.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stock, C.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Broholm, C. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Baglo, J. C.; Liang, Ruixing; Bonn, D. A.; Hardy, W. N.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Liang, Ruixing; Bonn, D. A.; Hardy, W. N.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. RP Yamani, Z (reprint author), AECL Res, Chalk River Labs, Canadian Neutron Beam Ctr, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. EM zahra.yamani@nrc.gc.ca RI Kim, Young-June /G-7196-2011 OI Kim, Young-June /0000-0002-1172-8895 FU NIST FX We are grateful to R. Sammon, C. Boyer, R. Donaberger, J. Fox, L. McEwan, D. Dean, S. Li, T. Whan, M. Potter, and J. Bolduc at CNBC, Chalk River Laboratories, and the technical staff at NIST for excellent support. We acknowledge useful discussions with Z. Tun. NR 105 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 29 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 13 AR 134427 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.134427 PG 19 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CG9LB UT WOS:000353635500002 ER PT J AU Mo, KC Lettenmaier, DP AF Mo, Kingtse C. Lettenmaier, Dennis P. TI Heat wave flash droughts in decline SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE drought; trends ID EVAPORATIVE STRESS INDEX; UNITED-STATES; TRENDS AB Flash drought is a term that was popularized during rapidly evolving droughts in the Central U.S. in 2012 that were associated with heat waves. We posit that there are two kinds of flash droughts, and we will focus on heat wave flash droughts, of which the 2012 events were typical. We find, based on an analysis of temperature observations and model-reconstructed soil moisture (SM) and evapotranspiration from 1916 to 2013, that heat wave flash droughts in the conterminous U.S. (CONUS) are most likely to occur over the Midwest and the Pacific Northwest during the growing season. We also find that the number of such events across the CONUS has been decreasing over the last century but rebounded after 2011. The long-term downward trends appear to be associated with generally increasing trends in SM resulting from increasing trends in precipitation over the areas where heat wave flash droughts are most likely to occur. C1 [Mo, Kingtse C.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Mo, KC (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM kingtse.mo@noaa.gov FU NOAA [GC14-189A, NA14OAR4310293] FX This project was supported by NOAA grant GC14-189A to the NOAA Climate Prediction Center and by grant NA14OAR4310293 to the University of California, Los Angeles. The data from the LSM used in this paper will be available by contacting Kingtse Mo (e-mail: kingtse.mo@noaa.gov). NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 8 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 8 BP 2823 EP 2829 DI 10.1002/2015GL064018 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CI2FN UT WOS:000354560800033 ER PT J AU Fiechter, J Huff, DD Martin, BT Jackson, DW Edwards, CA Rose, KA Curchitser, EN Hedstrom, KS Lindley, ST Wells, BK AF Fiechter, J. Huff, D. D. Martin, B. T. Jackson, D. W. Edwards, C. A. Rose, K. A. Curchitser, E. N. Hedstrom, K. S. Lindley, S. T. Wells, B. K. TI Environmental conditions impacting juvenile Chinook salmon growth off central California: An ecosystem model analysis SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE juvenile Chinook salmon; coastal upwelling; ecosystem model; California Current; central California; interannual variability ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; OCEAN CONDITIONS; MARINE SURVIVAL; PACIFIC SALMON; CENTRAL VALLEY; SIZE; MIGRATION; CLIMATE; SYSTEM AB A fully coupled ecosystem model is used to identify the effects of environmental conditions and upwelling variability on growth of juvenile Chinook salmon in central California coastal waters. The ecosystem model framework consists of an ocean circulation submodel, a biogeochemical submodel, and an individual-based submodel for salmon. Simulation results indicate that years favorable for juvenile salmon growth off central California are characterized by particularly intense early season upwelling (i.e., March through May), leading to enhanced krill concentrations during summer near the location of ocean entry (i.e., Gulf of the Farallones). Seasonally averaged growth rates in the model are generally consistent with observed values and suggest that juvenile salmon emigrating later in the season (i.e., late May and June) achieve higher weight gains during their first 90days of ocean residency. C1 [Fiechter, J.; Huff, D. D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Huff, D. D.; Jackson, D. W.; Lindley, S. T.; Wells, B. K.] NOAA SWFSC, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Martin, B. T.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Edwards, C. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Rose, K. A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Rose, K. A.] A&M Coll, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Curchitser, E. N.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Curchitser, E. N.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Hedstrom, K. S.] Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Fiechter, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM fiechter@ucsc.edu OI Martin, Benjamin/0000-0003-3927-0449; Huff, David/0000-0001-9061-7685 FU NOAA Fisheries Office of Science and Technology [NA10OAR4320156]; NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (Climate Program Office) - Office of Naval Research Marine Mammals and Biology Program [N000141210893]; NASA Applied Sciences [NNX11AP11G-003] FX This research was supported by the following grants: NA10OAR4320156 funded by the NOAA Fisheries Office of Science and Technology and the NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (Climate Program Office), N000141210893 funded by the Office of Naval Research Marine Mammals and Biology Program, and NNX11AP11G-003 funded by NASA Applied Sciences. The authors thank J. Field, E. Danner, N. Mantua, M. Henderson, S. Hayes, and B. Burke for helpful discussions and reviews. Insightful comments from one anonymous reviewer are also acknowledged. The model output used for this study can be obtained by contacting the lead author directly. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 8 BP 2910 EP 2917 DI 10.1002/2015GL063046 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CI2FN UT WOS:000354560800044 ER PT J AU Hatch, HW Mittal, J Shen, VK AF Hatch, Harold W. Mittal, Jeetain Shen, Vincent K. TI Computational study of trimer self-assembly and fluid phase behavior SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; COMPLEX STRUCTURES; MODEL SURFACTANTS; PATCHY PARTICLES; MICELLIZATION; STATES; CONSTRAINTS; SEPARATION; DYNAMICS; COLLOIDS AB The fluid phase diagram of trimer particles composed of one central attractive bead and two repulsive beads was determined as a function of simple geometric parameters using flat-histogram Monte Carlo methods. A variety of self-assembled structures were obtained including spherical micelle-like clusters, elongated clusters, and densely packed cylinders, depending on both the state conditions and shape of the trimer. Advanced simulation techniques were employed to determine transitions between self-assembled structures and macroscopic phases using thermodynamic and structural definitions. Simple changes in particle geometry yield dramatic changes in phase behavior, ranging from macroscopic fluid phase separation to molecular-scale self-assembly. In special cases, both self-assembled, elongated clusters and bulk fluid phase separation occur simultaneously. Our work suggests that tuning particle shape and interactions can yield superstructures with controlled architecture. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Hatch, Harold W.; Shen, Vincent K.] NIST, Chem Informat Res Grp, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mittal, Jeetain] Lehigh Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Hatch, HW (reprint author), NIST, Chem Informat Res Grp, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM harold.hatch@nist.gov; jeetain@lehigh.edu OI Mittal, Jeetain/0000-0002-9725-6402 FU National Research Council; National Science Foundation [CBET-1120399]; NSF [TG-MCB-120014] FX H.W.H. acknowledges support from a National Research Council postdoctoral research associateship at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. J.M. acknowledges support of the National Science Foundation (CBET-1120399) and the high-performance computing capabilities of the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by the NSF (TG-MCB-120014). NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 28 PY 2015 VL 142 IS 16 AR 164901 DI 10.1063/1.4918557 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CH2CO UT WOS:000353832500042 PM 25933785 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Zhong, C Douglas, JF Wang, XD Cao, QP Zhang, DX Jiang, JZ AF Zhang, Hao Zhong, Cheng Douglas, Jack F. Wang, Xiaodong Cao, Qingping Zhang, Dongxian Jiang, Jian-Zhong TI Role of string-like collective atomic motion on diffusion and structural relaxation in glass forming Cu-Zr alloys SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STOKES-EINSTEIN RELATION; MICROSCOPIC PARTICLE MOTIONS; METALLIC GLASSES; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; TRANSPORT-COEFFICIENTS; INTERFACIAL DYNAMICS; COOPERATIVE MOTION; RADIATION-DAMAGE AB We investigate Cu-Zr liquid alloys using molecular dynamics simulation and well-accepted embedded atom method potentials over a wide range of chemical composition and temperature as model metallic glass-forming (GF) liquids. As with other types of GF materials, the dynamics of these complex liquids are characterized by "dynamic heterogeneity" in the form of transient polymeric clusters of highly mobile atoms that are composed in turn of atomic clusters exhibiting string-like cooperative motion. In accordance with the string model of relaxation, an extension of the Adam-Gibbs (AG) model, changes in the activation free energy Delta G(a) with temperature of both the Cu and Zr diffusion coefficients D, and the alpha structural relaxation time tau(alpha) can be described to a good approximation by changes in the average string length, L. In particular, we confirm that the strings are a concrete realization of the abstract "cooperatively rearranging regions" of AG. We also find coexisting clusters of relatively "immobile" atoms that exhibit predominantly icosahedral local packing rather than the low symmetry packing of "mobile" atoms. These two distinct types of dynamic heterogeneity are then associated with different fluid structural states. Glass-forming liquids are thus analogous to polycrystalline materials where the icosahedrally packed regions correspond to crystal grains, and the strings reside in the relatively disordered grain boundary-like regions exterior to these locally well-ordered regions. A dynamic equilibrium between localized ("immobile") and wandering ("mobile") particles exists in the liquid so that the dynamic heterogeneity can be considered to be type of self-assembly process. We also characterize changes in the local atomic free volume in the course of string-like atomic motion to better understand the initiation and propagation of these fluid excitations. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Zhang, Hao; Zhong, Cheng; Wang, Xiaodong; Cao, Qingping; Jiang, Jian-Zhong] Zhejiang Univ, ICNSM, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Hao; Zhong, Cheng; Wang, Xiaodong; Cao, Qingping; Jiang, Jian-Zhong] Zhejiang Univ, Lab New Struct Mat, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Hao] Univ Alberta, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. [Zhong, Cheng; Wang, Xiaodong; Cao, Qingping; Jiang, Jian-Zhong] Zhejiang Univ, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Dongxian] Zhejiang Univ, State Key Lab Modern Opt Instrumentat, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RP Jiang, JZ (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, ICNSM, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM jack.douglas@nist.gov; jiangjz@zju.edu.cn RI Zhejiang University, Dep. Optical Eng./G-9022-2011; Zhang, Hao/A-3272-2008 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB825700]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [51371157, U1432105]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery Grant); Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities FX Financial supports from the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2012CB825700), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51371157 and U1432105), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery Grant), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities are gratefully acknowledged. The computer resources at the Westgrid and the Shanghai Supercomputer Center are gratefully acknowledged. NR 109 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 45 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 28 PY 2015 VL 142 IS 16 AR 164506 DI 10.1063/1.4918807 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CH2CO UT WOS:000353832500030 PM 25933773 ER PT J AU Eiler, JH Evans, AN Schreck, CB AF Eiler, John H. Evans, Allison N. Schreck, Carl B. TI Migratory Patterns of Wild Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Returning to a Large, Free-Flowing River Basin SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SOCKEYE-SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PACIFIC SALMON; FRASER-RIVER; YUKON RIVER; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; EMG TELEMETRY; NERKA SALMON; SNAKE RIVER; STEELHEAD AB Upriver movements were determined for Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha returning to the Yukon River, a large, virtually pristine river basin. These returns have declined dramatically since the late 1990s, and information is needed to better manage the run and facilitate conservation efforts. A total of 2,860 fish were radio tagged during 2002-2004. Most (97.5%) of the fish tracked upriver to spawning areas displayed continual upriver movements and strong fidelity to the terminal tributaries entered. Movement rates were substantially slower for fish spawning in lower river tributaries (28-40 km d(-1)) compared to upper basin stocks (52-62 km d(-1)). Three distinct migratory patterns were observed, including a gradual decline, pronounced decline, and substantial increase in movement rate as the fish moved upriver. Stocks destined for the same region exhibited similar migratory patterns. Individual fish within a stock showed substantial variation, but tended to reflect the regional pattern. Differences between consistently faster and slower fish explained 74% of the within-stock variation, whereas relative shifts in sequential movement rates between "hares" (faster fish becoming slower) and "tortoises" (slow but steady fish) explained 22% of the variation. Pulses of fish moving upriver were not cohesive. Fish tagged over a 4-day period took 16 days to pass a site 872 km upriver. Movement rates were substantially faster and the percentage of atypical movements considerably less than reported in more southerly drainages, but may reflect the pristine conditions within the Yukon River, wild origins of the fish, and discrete run timing of the returns. Movement data can provide numerous insights into the status and management of salmon returns, particularly in large river drainages with widely scattered fisheries where management actions in the lower river potentially impact harvests and escapement farther upstream. However, the substantial variation exhibited among individual fish within a stock can complicate these efforts. C1 [Eiler, John H.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Evans, Allison N.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Eiler, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM john.eiler@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service; Alaska Department of Fish and Game; U.S./Canada Yukon River Treaty Implementation Fund [03NMF4380185]; Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund Project [45224] FX Funding: Funding for this study was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service and Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Additional support was provided by the U.S./Canada Yukon River Treaty Implementation Fund Grant No. 03NMF4380185, and the Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund Project No. 45224. Annual study plans were reviewed by the National Marine Fisheries Service (Alaska Fisheries Science Center), Alaska Department of Fish and Game (Division of Commercial Fisheries), and the Joint Technical Committee of the U.S-Canada Yukon River Panel. Editorial review of the paper was provided by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 20 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 28 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 4 AR e0123127 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0123127 PG 33 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CG9SE UT WOS:000353659400024 ER PT J AU Ming, J Zhang, JA Rogers, RF AF Ming, Jie Zhang, Jun A. Rogers, Robert F. TI Typhoon kinematic and thermodynamic boundary layer structure from dropsonde composites SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE typhoon; kinematic and thermodynamic; boundary layer; dropsonde composite ID INTENSITY PREDICTION SCHEME; OUTER HURRICANE RAINBANDS; TROPICAL CYCLONES; GPS DROPWINDSONDE; SURFACE OBSERVATIONS; POTENTIAL INTENSITY; WIND STRUCTURE; PART I; DYNAMICS; CORE AB The data from 438 Global Positioning System dropsondes in six typhoons are analyzed to investigate the mean atmospheric boundary layer structure in a composite framework. Following a recent study on boundary layer height in Atlantic hurricanes, we aim to quantify characteristics of boundary layer height scales in Western Pacific typhoons including the inflow layer depth (h(inflow)), height of the maximum tangential wind speed (h(vtmax)), and thermodynamic mixed layer depth. In addition, the kinematic and thermodynamic boundary layer structures are compared between the dropsonde composites using data in typhoons and hurricanes. Our results show that similar to the hurricane composite, there is a separation between the kinematic and thermodynamic boundary layer heights in typhoons, with the thermodynamic boundary layer depth being much smaller than h(inflow) and h(vtmax) in the typhoon boundary layer. All three boundary layer height scales tend to decrease toward the storm center. Our results confirm that the conceptual model of Zhang et al. (2011a) for boundary layer height variation is applicable to typhoon conditions. The kinematic boundary layer structure is generally similar between the typhoon and hurricane composites, but the typhoon composite shows a deeper inflow layer outside the eyewall than the hurricane composite. The thermodynamic structure of the typhoon boundary layer composite is warmer and moister outside the radius of maximum wind speed than the hurricane composite. This difference is attributed to different environmental conditions associated with typhoons compared to the hurricanes studied here. C1 [Ming, Jie] Nanjing Univ, MOE, Key Lab Mesoscale Severe Weather, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Ming, Jie] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Jun A.; Rogers, Robert F.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. RP Ming, J (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, MOE, Key Lab Mesoscale Severe Weather, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM jming@nju.edu.cn RI Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012; Rogers, Robert/I-4428-2013 FU National Fundamental Research 973 Program of China [2015CB452800, 2013CB430100]; Chinese Natural Science Foundation [41105035]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [20620140054, 20620140347]; NOAA's Hurricane Forecast and Improvement Project (HFIP); National Science Foundation FX J. Ming was primarily supported by the National Fundamental Research 973 Program of China (2015CB452800 and 2013CB430100), the Chinese Natural Science Foundation (grant 41105035), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (20620140054 and 20620140347). J.A. Zhang and R.F. Rogers were supported by NOAA's Hurricane Forecast and Improvement Project (HFIP). We thank scientists from NOAA/AOML/HRD and NCAR for providing and maintaining the raw and processed dropsonde data. We would like to acknowledge operational, technical, and scientific support provided by NCAR's Earth Observing Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation. We thank the TCS08, T-PARC, and ITOP programs for collecting the data, especially the PIs, scientists, and aircraft crew members involved in these projects. The dropsonde data from ITOP and T-PARC can be downloaded freely through websites: http://data.eol.ucar.edu/master_list/?project=ITOP and http://data.eol.ucar.edu/master_list/?project=T-PARC. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 27 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 8 BP 3158 EP 3172 DI 10.1002/2014JD022640 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CI5UU UT WOS:000354826100009 ER PT J AU Zhang, N Gao, ZQ Liu, YG Li, D AF Zhang, Ning Gao, Zhiqiu Liu, Yangang Li, Dan TI Sensitivity of a global climate model to the critical Richardson number in the boundary layer parameterization SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE boundary layer processes; global climate models ID COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; SIMULATIONS; STABILITY; CONVECTION; FRAMEWORK; GCM AB The critical bulk Richardson number (Ri(cr)) is an important parameter in planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterization schemes used in many climate models. This paper examines the sensitivity of a global climate model, the Beijing Climate Center atmospheric general circulation model, to Ri(cr). The results show that the simulated global average of PBL height increases nearly linearly with Ri(cr), with a change of about 114m for a change of 0.5 in Ri(cr). The surface sensible (latent) heat flux decreases (increases) as Ri(cr) increases. The influence of Ri(cr) on surface air temperature and specific humidity is not significant. The increasing Ri(cr) may affect the location of the Westerly Belt in the Southern Hemisphere. Further diagnosis reveals that changes in Ri(cr) affect stratiform and convective precipitations differently. Increasing Ri(cr) leads to an increase in the stratiform precipitation but a decrease in the convective precipitation. Significant changes of convective precipitation occur over the Intertropical Convergence Zone, while changes of stratiform precipitation mostly appear over arid land such as North Africa and Middle East. C1 [Zhang, Ning] Nanjing Univ, Inst Climate & Global Change Res, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Ning] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Ning] Jiangsu Collaborat Innovat Ctr Climate Change, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Gao, Zhiqiu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Atmospher Phys & Chem, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Liu, Yangang] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Biol Environm & Climate Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Li, Dan] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Gao, ZQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Atmospher Phys & Chem, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM zgao@mail.iap.ac.cn RI Li, Dan /G-5794-2015; Liu, Yangang/H-6154-2011 FU the National Basic Research Program of China [2011CB952002]; China Meteorological Administration [GYHY201006024]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41375014]; U.S. Department of Energy's Earth Modeling Program (ESM) via the FASTER project; Atmospheric System Research program FX This paper is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB952002), China Meteorological Administration (GYHY201006024), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41375014). Yangang Liu is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Earth Modeling Program (ESM) via the FASTER project (www.bnl.gov/faster) and Atmospheric System Research program.. The authors are particularly grateful to three anonymous reviewers for their careful review and valuable comments, which led to substantial improvement of this manuscript. The data and code (in FORTRAN language) used in this paper can be obtained from the first author. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 27 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 8 BP 3310 EP 3328 DI 10.1002/2014JD022015 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CI5UU UT WOS:000354826100019 ER PT J AU Lang, TJ Cummer, SA Petersen, D Flores-Rivera, L Lyons, WA MacGorman, D Beasley, W AF Lang, Timothy J. Cummer, Steven A. Petersen, Danyal Flores-Rivera, Lizxandra Lyons, Walter A. MacGorman, Donald Beasley, William TI Large charge moment change lightning on 31 May to 1 June 2013, including the El Reno tornadic storm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE lightning; tornado; mesoscale convective system; charge moment change; supercell ID THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION; SEVERE WEATHER; MAPPING ARRAY; HIGH-PLAINS; SPRITES; RADAR; STEPS; PRECIPITATION; INITIATION; SUPERCELL AB On 31 May 2013, a line of severe tornadic thunderstorms (the El Reno event) developed during the local afternoon in central Oklahoma, USA. Within range of the Oklahoma Lightning Mapping Array, the evolution of the event can be separated into three distinct periods: an Early period (before 02:00 UTC on 1 June) when the storm consisted of discrete supercells, a Middle period (02:00-05:00 UTC) when the convection began merging into a linear feature and stratiform precipitation developed, and a Late period (after 05:00 UTC) featuring a mature mesoscale convective system (MCS). Each of these periods demonstrated distinct patterns in the large (>100Ckm) charge moment change (CMC) lightning that was produced. During the Early period, large-CMC positive cloud-to-ground (+CG) lightning was produced in the convective cores of supercells. These flashes were small in area (typically <500km(2)) and were commonly associated with a sloping midlevel positive charge region in the echo overhang on the storm's forward flank. The Middle period featured a population of larger +CMCs (>500km(2), >300Ckm) in the developing stratiform, similar to typical sprite-parent lightning in MCSs. During the Late period, convective large CMC +CGs ceased and instead large-CMC negative CGs were produced in and near the MCS convection. These flashes neutralized charge both in convection as well as in adjacent stratiform and anvil precipitation. The results suggest that the CMC metric has potential applications for studying tropospheric weather. C1 [Lang, Timothy J.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Cummer, Steven A.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC USA. [Petersen, Danyal; Beasley, William] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Flores-Rivera, Lizxandra] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Lyons, Walter A.] FMA Res Inc, Ft Collins, CO USA. [MacGorman, Donald] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Lang, TJ (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM timothy.j.lang@nasa.gov RI Cummer, Steven/A-6118-2008; OI Cummer, Steven/0000-0002-0002-0613; Lang, Timothy/0000-0003-1576-572X; MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency via the Nimbus program; NASA Marshall summer internship program; NASA Lightning Imaging Sensor project FX This research is dedicated in memory of Tim Samaras, his son Paul, and his colleague Carl Young, all of whom lost their lives in the El Reno tornado. Tim Samaras was a valuable collaborator on the Physical Origins of Coupling to the upper Atmosphere from Lightning (PhOCAL) project, and his contributions are greatly missed. The research presented here is part of PhOCAL, which is led by Duke University and funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency via the Nimbus program. Flores-Rivera's work on this case was supported by the NASA Marshall summer 2013 internship program and the NASA Lightning Imaging Sensor project. The authors gratefully acknowledge the valuable contributions of the NLDN data from Vaisala, Inc., which enables the geolocation of large-CMC events by the CMCN. NLDN data are available commercially from Vaisala (http://www.vaisala.com/en/products/thunderstormandlightningdetection-sy stems/Pages/NLDN.aspx). CMCN data are available upon request from co-author Steve Cummer (cummer@ee.duke.edu). OKLMA data are available upon request from co-authors Don MacGorman (don. macgorman@noaa.gov) or William Beasley (whb@ou.edu). MRMS mosaics are available from NSSL (http://www.nssl.noaa.gov). All IDL and Python scripts used to perform the analyses and create the plots in this report are available upon request from lead author Timothy Lang (timothy.j.lang@nasa.gov). IDL is available for purchase from http://www.exelisvis.com/ProductsServices/IDL.aspx. A free distribution of Python may be obtained from https://store.continuum.io/cshop/anaconda/. The views, opinions, and findings in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NASA, NOAA, or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 27 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 8 BP 3354 EP 3369 DI 10.1002/2014JD022600 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CI5UU UT WOS:000354826100021 ER PT J AU Huang, M Bowman, KW Carmichael, GR Lee, M Chai, TF Spak, SN Henze, DK Darmenov, AS da Silva, AM AF Huang, Min Bowman, Kevin W. Carmichael, Gregory R. Lee, Meemong Chai, Tianfeng Spak, Scott N. Henze, Daven K. Darmenov, Anton S. da Silva, Arlindo M. TI Improved western US background ozone estimates via constraining nonlocal and local source contributions using Aura TES and OMI observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review DE background ozone; nonlocal and local source contributions; multi-scale modeling and assimilation; Aura TES and OMI; NASA ARCTAS campaign ID CHEMICAL-DATA ASSIMILATION; LONG-TERM CHANGES; AIR-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION; NORTH-AMERICA; MONITORING INSTRUMENT; EMISSION CONTROLS; OBSERVED RESPONSE AB Western U.S. near-surface ozone (O-3) concentrations are sensitive to transported background O-3 from the eastern Pacific free troposphere, as well as U.S. anthropogenic and natural emissions. The current 75ppbv U.S. O-3 primary standard may be lowered soon, hence accurately estimating O-3 source contributions, especially background O-3 in this region has growing policy-relevant significance. In this study, we improve the modeled total and background O-3, via repartitioning and redistributing the contributions from nonlocal and local anthropogenic/wildfires sources in a multi-scale satellite data assimilation system containing global Goddard Earth Observing System-Chemistry model (GEOS-Chem) and regional Sulfur Transport and dEposition Model (STEM). Focusing on NASA's ARCTAS (Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites) field campaign period in June-July 2008, we first demonstrate that the negative biases in GEOS-Chem free simulation in the eastern Pacific at 400-900hPa are reduced via assimilating Aura-Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) O-3 profiles. Using the TES-constrained boundary conditions, we then assimilated into STEM the tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns from Aura-Ozone Monitoring Instrument to indicate U.S. nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO2+NO) emissions at 12x12km(2) grid scale. Improved model skills are indicated from cross validation against independent ARCTAS measurements. Leveraging Aura observations, we show anomalously high wildfire NOx emissions in this summer in Northern California and the Central Valley while lower anthropogenic emissions in multiple urban areas than those representing the year of 2005. We found strong spatial variability of the daily maximum 8h average background O-3 and its contribution to the modeled total O-3, with the mean value of similar to 48ppbv (similar to 77% of the total). C1 [Huang, Min; Bowman, Kevin W.; Lee, Meemong] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Carmichael, Gregory R.; Spak, Scott N.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA USA. [Chai, Tianfeng] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. [Spak, Scott N.] Univ Iowa, Publ Policy Ctr, Iowa City, IA USA. [Henze, Daven K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Darmenov, Anton S.; da Silva, Arlindo M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Huang, M (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Spatial Informat Sci & Syst Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM mhuang10@gmu.edu RI Spak, Scott/B-7331-2008; Chai, Tianfeng/E-5577-2010; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 OI Spak, Scott/0000-0002-8545-1411; Chai, Tianfeng/0000-0003-3520-2641; FU NASA; NASA Aura-TES project FX This work was mostly carried out at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA, supported by the NASA Aura-TES project. We thank the Aura and ARCTAS science teams. G.R.C., D.K.H., and M.H. would like to acknowledge the NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team. The DC-8 aircraft measurements used in this study were made by A.J. Weinheimer (NCAR, O3, and NOxy) and R.C. Cohen (UC Berkeley, NO2). We also acknowledge the computational resources at University of Iowa and at NASA Ames Research Center. We also acknowledge open access to the data and model used for this study, downloaded from the following:; AQS: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/airs/airsaqs/detaildata; CASTNET: http://epa.gov/castnet/javaweb/index.html; DC-8: http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/arcstat-c; OMI: http://www.temis.nl/airpollution/no2col/data/omi/data_v2/2008/; TES: http://tes.jpl.nasa.gov/data/; M2O2: http://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php/Multi-mission_Observati on_Operator_%28M2O2%29 (C) 2015. All rights reserved.; Ozonesondes: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/dv/ftpdata.html NR 120 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 27 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 8 BP 3572 EP 3592 DI 10.1002/2014JD022993 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CI5UU UT WOS:000354826100032 ER PT J AU Sirois, AJ Castellanos-Beltran, MA DeFeo, MP Ranzani, L Lecocq, F Simmonds, RW Teufel, JD Aumentado, J AF Sirois, A. J. Castellanos-Beltran, M. A. DeFeo, M. P. Ranzani, L. Lecocq, F. Simmonds, R. W. Teufel, J. D. Aumentado, J. TI Coherent-state storage and retrieval between superconducting cavities using parametric frequency conversion SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM; CIRCUIT AB In superconducting quantum information, machined aluminum superconducting cavities have proven to be a well-controlled, low-dissipation electromagnetic environment for quantum circuits such as qubits. They can possess large internal quality factors, Q(int) > 10(8), and present the possibility of storing quantum information for times far exceeding those of microfabricated circuits. However, in order to be useful as a storage element, these cavities require a fast "read/write" mechanism-in other words, they require tunable coupling between other systems of interest such as other cavity modes and qubits, as well as any associated readout hardware. In this work, we demonstrate these qualities in a simple dual cavity architecture in which a low-Q "readout" mode is parametrically coupled to a high-Q "storage" mode, allowing us to store and retrieve classical information. Specifically, we employ a flux-driven Josephson junction-based coupling scheme to controllably swap coherent states between two cavities, demonstrating full, sequenced control over the coupling rates between modes. C1 [Sirois, A. J.; Castellanos-Beltran, M. A.; DeFeo, M. P.; Ranzani, L.; Lecocq, F.; Simmonds, R. W.; Teufel, J. D.; Aumentado, J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sirois, A. J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sirois, AJ (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Teufel, John/A-8898-2010; Aumentado, Jose/C-2231-2009 OI Teufel, John/0000-0002-1873-9941; Aumentado, Jose/0000-0001-5581-1466 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 27 PY 2015 VL 106 IS 17 AR 172603 DI 10.1063/1.4919759 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CH2ES UT WOS:000353839100038 ER PT J AU Frye, MD Julienne, PS Hutson, JM AF Frye, Matthew D. Julienne, Paul S. Hutson, Jeremy M. TI Cold atomic and molecular collisions: approaching the universal loss regime SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cold atoms and molecules; atomic and molecular collisions; molecular quantum gases ID FESHBACH RESONANCES; ULTRACOLD; SCATTERING; GASES; BEAMS AB We investigate the behaviour of single-channel theoretical models of cold and ultracold collisions that take account of inelastic and reactive processes using a single parameter to represent short-range loss. We present plots of the resulting energy-dependence of elastic and inelastic or reactive cross-sections over the full parameter space of loss parameters and short-range phase shifts. We then test the single-channel model by comparing it with the results of coupled-channel calculations of rotationally inelastic collisions between LiH molecules and Li atoms. We find that the range of cross-sections predicted by the single-channel model becomes increasingly accurate as the initial LiH rotational quantum number increases, with a corresponding increase in the number of open loss channels. The results suggest that coupled-channel calculations at very low energy (in the s-wave regime) could in some cases be used to estimate a loss parameter and then to predict the range of possible loss rates at higher energy, without the need for explicit coupled-channel calculations for higher partial waves. C1 [Frye, Matthew D.; Hutson, Jeremy M.] Univ Durham, Dept Chem, Joint Quantum Ctr JQC Durham Newcastle, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Frye, MD (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Chem, Joint Quantum Ctr JQC Durham Newcastle, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM J.M.Hutson@durham.ac.uk RI Hutson, Jeremy/F-4748-2012; OI Hutson, Jeremy/0000-0002-4344-6622; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/I012044/1]; EOARD Grant [FA8655-10-1-3033]; AFOSR-MURI [FA9550-09-1-0617] FX The authors acknowledge the support of Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Grant no. EP/I012044/1, EOARD Grant FA8655-10-1-3033, and AFOSR-MURI FA9550-09-1-0617. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 20 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD APR 27 PY 2015 VL 17 AR 045019 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/17/4/045019 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CH3QF UT WOS:000353944600001 ER PT J AU Parshall, D Pintschovius, L Niedziela, JL Castellan, JP Lamago, D Mittal, R Wolf, T Reznik, D AF Parshall, D. Pintschovius, L. Niedziela, J. L. Castellan, J. -P. Lamago, D. Mittal, R. Wolf, Th. Reznik, D. TI Close correlation between magnetic properties and the soft phonon mode of the structural transition in BaFe2As2 and SrFe2As2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PNICTIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; IRON; ANISOTROPY; ORDER AB Parent compounds of Fe-based superconductors undergo a structural phase transition from a tetragonal to an orthorhombic structure. We investigated the temperature dependence of the frequencies of TA phonons that extrapolate to the shear vibrational mode at the zone center, which corresponds to the orthorhombic deformation of the crystal structure at low temperatures in BaFe2As2 and SrFe2As2. We found that acoustic phonons at small wave vectors soften gradually towards the transition from high temperatures, tracking the increase of the size of slowly fluctuating magnetic domains. On cooling below the transition to base temperature the phonons harden, following the square of the magnetic moment (which we find is proportional to the anisotropy gap). Our results provide evidence for close correlation between magnetic and phonon properties in Fe-based superconductors. C1 [Parshall, D.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pintschovius, L.; Castellan, J. -P.; Lamago, D.; Wolf, Th.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Festkorperphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Niedziela, J. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Instrument & Source Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Castellan, J. -P.] CEA Saclay, Lab Leon Brillouin, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Mittal, R.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Div Solid State Phys, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India. [Reznik, D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Parshall, D (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM parshall@nist.gov FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science [DE-SC0006939] FX The research at ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. D.P. and D.R. were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-SC0006939. The authors thank A. Alatas for valuable discussions. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 27 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 13 AR 134426 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.134426 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CG7BQ UT WOS:000353457500004 ER PT J AU Leger, JM Jager, T Bertrand, F Hulot, G Brocco, L Vigneron, P Lalanne, X Chulliat, A Fratter, I AF Leger, Jean-Michel Jager, Thomas Bertrand, Francois Hulot, Gauthier Brocco, Laura Vigneron, Pierre Lalanne, Xavier Chulliat, Arnaud Fratter, Isabelle TI In-flight performance of the Absolute Scalar Magnetometer vector mode on board the Swarm satellites SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article DE Swarm; He4 magnetometer; Scalar absolute magnetometer; Vector magnetometer; Vector calibration ID FIELD; HE-4 AB The role of the Absolute Scalar Magnetometer (ASM) in the European Space Agency (ESA) Swarm mission is to deliver absolute measurements of the magnetic field's strength for science investigations and in-flight calibration of the Vector Field Magnetometer (VFM). However, the ASM instrument can also simultaneously deliver vector measurements with no impact on the magnetometer's scalar performance, using a so-called vector mode. This vector mode has been continuously operated since the beginning of the mission, except for short periods of time during commissioning. Since both scalar and vector measurements are perfectly synchronous and spatially coherent, a direct assessment of the ASM vector performance can then be carried out at instrument level without need to correct for the various magnetic perturbations generated by the satellites. After a brief description of the instrument's operating principles, a thorough analysis of the instrument's behavior is presented, as well as a characterization of its environment in flight, using an alternative high sampling rate (burst) scalar mode that could be run a few days during commissioning. The ASM vector calibration process is next detailed, with some emphasis on its sensitivity to operational conditions. Finally, the evolution of the instrument's performance during the first year of the mission is presented and discussed in view of the mission's performance requirements for vector measurements. C1 [Leger, Jean-Michel; Jager, Thomas; Bertrand, Francois] Univ Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Leger, Jean-Michel; Jager, Thomas; Bertrand, Francois] CEA, LETI, F-38051 Grenoble, France. [Hulot, Gauthier; Brocco, Laura; Vigneron, Pierre; Lalanne, Xavier] Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS, Inst Phys Globe Paris, F-75005 Paris, France. [Chulliat, Arnaud] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chulliat, Arnaud] NCEI, NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Fratter, Isabelle] CNES, Toulouse, France. RP Jager, T (reprint author), Univ Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France. EM thomas.jager@cea.fr RI Hulot, Gauthier/A-5627-2011; Chulliat, Arnaud/A-5747-2011 OI Chulliat, Arnaud/0000-0001-7414-9631 FU Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) FX The authors acknowledge the ESA Swarm team for computing and providing additional data access on Swarm satellites orbital characteristics for the long-term analysis of the ASM instrument behavior. They also gratefully acknowledge support from the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) within the context of the 'Travaux preparatoires et exploitation de la mission SWARM' project. This is IPGP contribution no. 3628. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1880-5981 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PD APR 25 PY 2015 VL 67 AR 57 DI 10.1186/s40623-015-0231-1 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CG9XU UT WOS:000353674200001 ER PT J AU Sears, JA Songvilay, M Plumb, KW Clancy, JP Qiu, Y Zhao, Y Parshall, D Kim, YJ AF Sears, J. A. Songvilay, M. Plumb, K. W. Clancy, J. P. Qiu, Y. Zhao, Y. Parshall, D. Kim, Young-June TI Magnetic order in alpha-RuCl3: A honeycomb-lattice quantum magnet with strong spin-orbit coupling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB We report magnetic and thermodynamic properties of single crystal alpha-RuCl3, in which the Ru3+ (4d(5)) ion is in its low spin state and forms a honeycomb lattice. Two features are observed in both magnetic susceptibility and specific heat data; a sharp peak at 7 K and a broad hump near 10-15 K. In addition, we observe a metamagnetic transition between 5 and 10 T. Our neutron diffraction study of single crystal samples confirms that the low temperature peak in the specific heat is associated with a magnetic order with unit cell doubling along the honeycomb (100) direction, which is consistent with zigzag order, one of the types of magnetic order predicted within the framework of the Kitaev-Heisenberg model. C1 [Sears, J. A.; Songvilay, M.; Plumb, K. W.; Clancy, J. P.; Kim, Young-June] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Qiu, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Parshall, D.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Y.; Zhao, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sears, JA (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. EM yjkim@physics.utoronto.ca RI Kim, Young-June /G-7196-2011 OI Kim, Young-June /0000-0002-1172-8895 FU Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; Canada Research Chair program; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX We would like to acknowledge useful discussions with Hae-Young Kee, Ken Burch, Heungsik Kim, and Luke Sandilands. Research at the University of Toronto was supported by Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Foundation for Innovation, Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation, and Canada Research Chair program. The work at National Institute of Standards and Technology is in part supported by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 45 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 15 U2 56 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 24 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 14 AR 144420 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.144420 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CG6YS UT WOS:000353449400003 ER PT J AU Zhao, MH Ming, B Kim, JW Gibbons, LJ Gu, XH Nguyen, T Park, C Lillehei, PT Villarrubia, JS Vladar, AE Liddle, JA AF Zhao, Minhua Ming, Bin Kim, Jae-Woo Gibbons, Luke J. Gu, Xiaohong Nguyen, Tinh Park, Cheol Lillehei, Peter T. Villarrubia, J. S. Vladar, Andras E. Liddle, J. Alexander TI New insights into subsurface imaging of carbon nanotubes in polymer composites via scanning electron microscopy (vol 26, 085703, 2015) SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Zhao, Minhua; Liddle, J. Alexander] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ming, Bin; Villarrubia, J. S.; Vladar, Andras E.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gu, Xiaohong; Nguyen, Tinh] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Jae-Woo; Park, Cheol; Lillehei, Peter T.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Park, Cheol] Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Gibbons, Luke J.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zhao, Minhua] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zhao, MH (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Kim, Jae-Woo/A-8314-2008; Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD APR 24 PY 2015 VL 26 IS 16 AR 169601 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/26/16/169601 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CG2MU UT WOS:000353109600019 ER PT J AU Zutz, A Nesbitt, DJ AF Zutz, Amelia Nesbitt, David J. TI Nonadiabatic Spin-Orbit Excitation Dynamics in Quantum-State-Resolved NO((2)Pi(1/2)) Scattering at the Gas-Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Interface SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; INCIDENT COLLISION ENERGY; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; CO2 SCATTERING; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CHEMICAL-DYNAMICS; AG(111) SURFACE AB Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) offer an extremely promiging new class of solvents with Chernical control of bulk gas solubility, but surprisingly little is known about detailed molecular scale interactions at the gas liquid interface. In this work, quantum state-to-state resolved collision dynamics at the gas liquid interface are studied by scattering a jet-cooled molecular beam of ground state NO((2)Pi(1/2); N = 0) molecule from 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (i.e., [bmim](+)[Tf2N]) RTIL, With the resulting rovibronic state distributions probed via laser-Induced fluorescence as a function of incident collision energy (E-inc) and surface temperature (T-s). Significant excitation is observed from ground ((2)Pi(1/2)) to excited ((2)Pi(3/2)) spin-orbit states, highlighting the presence of electronically nonadiabatic effects at the gas RTIL interface sensitive to both Einc and T-s. At low collision energies (E-inc = 2.7(9) kcal/mol), the tint, spin orbit manifold rotational distributions are well described by a single temperature, but with (i) T-rot((2)Pi(1/2)) consistently 30 K lower than T-rot((2)Pi(3/2)), and (ii) both temperatures lower than T-s. At high collision energies (E-inc = 20(6) kcal/mol); the rotational populations are well fit to two-temperature "trapping-desorption", (TD) and "impulsively scattered" (IS) distributions, with the branching ratio into the TD channel (alpha) for (2)Pi(1/2) consistently higher than that for the spin orbit excited, (2)Pi(3/2) state. From detailed balance considerations these rotational-temperatures, in both the low collision energy and TD component of the high collision energy scattered flux, imply the presence of electronic and rotational state dependent trapping-desorption probabilities and provide new theoretical challenges to high level modeling of collision dynamics at the gas RTIL interface. C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0139]; National Science Foundation [CHE1266416, PHYS1125844] FX This work has been supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-12-1-0139), with additional funds for vacuum equipment and lasers provided by the National Science Foundation (CHE1266416, PHYS1125844). NR 69 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD APR 23 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 16 BP 8596 EP 8607 DI 10.1021/jp509522c PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CG8ZF UT WOS:000353603500022 ER PT J AU Takeuchi, S Tan, HY Bharathi, KK Stafford, GR Shin, J Yasui, S Takeuchi, I Bendersky, LA AF Takeuchi, Saya Tan, Haiyan Bharathi, K. Kamala Stafford, Gery R. Shin, Jongmoon Yasui, Shintaro Takeuchi, Ichiro Bendersky, Leonid A. TI Epitaxial LiCoO2 Films as a Model System for Fundamental Electrochemical Studies of Positive Electrodes SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE LiCoO2; epitaxial thin films; interface; orientation; transmission electron microscopy ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; X-RAY REFLECTOMETRY; THIN-FILMS; LITHIUM DIFFUSION; ELECTRODE/ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE; LIXCOO2; INTERCALATION; BEHAVIOR; ORIENTATION; BATTERIES AB Epitaxial LiCoO2 (LCO) thin films of different orientations were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) in order to model single-crystal behavior during electrochemical reaction. This paper demonstrate that deposition of conductive SrRuO3 between a SrTiO3 (STO) substrate and an LCO film allows (1) epitaxial growth of LCO with orientation determined by STO and (2) electrochemical measurements, such as cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. Scanning transmission electron Microscopy (S/TEM and SEM) has demonstrated an orientation relationship between LCO and STO of three orientations, (111), (110) and (100), and identified a LCO/electrolyte surface as consisting of two crystallographic facets of LCO, (001) and {104}. The difference in the orientation of LCO accounts for the difference in the exposed area of {104} planes to the electrolyte, where lithium ions have easy access to fast diffusion planes. The resistance for lithium ion transfer measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy had inverse correlation with exposed area of {104} plane measured by TEM. Chemical diffusivity of lithium ions in LCO was measured by fitting electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data to a modified Randles equivalent circuit and allowed us to determine its dependence on film orientation. C1 [Takeuchi, Saya; Tan, Haiyan; Bharathi, K. Kamala; Stafford, Gery R.; Yasui, Shintaro; Bendersky, Leonid A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tan, Haiyan] Theiss Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Shin, Jongmoon; Yasui, Shintaro; Takeuchi, Ichiro] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yasui, Shintaro] Tokyo Inst Technol, Mat & Struct Lab, Midori Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan. RP Takeuchi, S (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM saya.takeuchi@nist.gov RI Tan, Haiyan/G-4426-2015; Yasui, Shintaro/B-4067-2013 OI Tan, Haiyan/0000-0002-1407-9587; Yasui, Shintaro/0000-0003-0524-9318 FU U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB14H027, 70NANB15H025] FX Dr. Nancy Dudney from Oak Ridge National Laboratory is acknowledged for useful suggestions and comments. H.T. acknowledges support from the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology under financial assistance awards 70NANB14H027 and 70NANB15H025. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 8 U2 68 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD APR 22 PY 2015 VL 7 IS 15 BP 7901 EP 7911 DI 10.1021/am508512q PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CG9AP UT WOS:000353607100011 PM 25812439 ER PT J AU Sigler, MF Rooper, CN Hoff, GR Stone, RP McConnaughey, RA Wilderbuer, TK AF Sigler, Michael F. Rooper, Christopher N. Hoff, Gerald R. Stone, Robert P. McConnaughey, Robert A. Wilderbuer, Thomas K. TI Faunal features of submarine canyons on the eastern Bering Sea slope SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Eastern Bering Sea slope; Canyons; Habitat; Fish; Coral; Sponge ID DEEP-SEA; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; PRIBILOF CANYON; SPONGE GROUNDS; ALASKA; SHELF; VARIABILITY; PORIFERA; BIOMASS AB Some of the largest submarine canyons in the world incise the eastern Bering Sea shelf break. Here, we examine whether 5 large canyons (Bering, Pribilof, Zhemchug, Pervenets and Navarin) are faunally distinct features within the eastern Bering Sea. We compiled data from the eastern Bering Sea that included trawl survey data on fish and invertebrate distributions and observations of ocean conditions and benthic habitat. These data were analyzed using multivariate techniques to determine if the canyons are distinguishable from the adjacent continental slope. We found that the 5 canyons are not faunally distinct features of the eastern Bering Sea slope but that the major characteristics structuring fish and invertebrate communities were depth, latitude and sediment rather than submarine canyons. One notable feature of these canyons is that about one quarter of the coral habitat predicted for the eastern Bering Sea slope occurs in Pribilof Canyon, an area that comprises only similar to 10% of the total slope area. The predicted coral habitat also extends westward to the adjacent slope, indicating that this coral habitat concentration is not unique to Pribilof Canyon but rather that it is typical for a larger area (Pribilof Canyon and westward). C1 [Sigler, Michael F.; Stone, Robert P.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Rooper, Christopher N.; Hoff, Gerald R.; McConnaughey, Robert A.; Wilderbuer, Thomas K.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Sigler, MF (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM mike.sigler@noaa.gov NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 16 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD APR 22 PY 2015 VL 526 BP 21 EP 40 DI 10.3354/meps11201 PG 20 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CH9ZJ UT WOS:000354394900003 ER PT J AU Guannel, ML Haring, D Twiner, MJ Wang, Z Noble, AE Lee, PA Saito, MA Rocap, G AF Guannel, M. L. Haring, D. Twiner, M. J. Wang, Z. Noble, A. E. Lee, P. A. Saito, M. A. Rocap, G. TI Toxigenicity and biogeography of the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia across distinct environmental regimes in the South Atlantic Ocean SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Pseudo-nitzschia; Domoic acid; Benguela Upwelling Zone; Harmful algal blooms ID DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION; DE-FUCA EDDY; LOCAL SIMILARITY ANALYSIS; PRINCE-EDWARD-ISLAND; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; TIME-SERIES DATA; MARINE DIATOM; WEST-COAST; SP-NOV; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION AB The community composition and toxigenicity of the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia in the northern Benguela Upwelling Zone and the open South Atlantic Ocean were characterized as part of a transoceanic survey conducted during the austral spring of 2007. Multiple morphological types of Pseudo-nitzschia were detected by light microscopy in coastal waters. Automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA), a DNA-fingerprinting technique used to assess Pseudo-nitzschia community composition, detected 37 ARISA types distributed among 17 stations in both coastal and open-ocean regions. Through statistical analysis of abiotic factors, we identified 6 distinct environmental regimes across which Pseudo-nitzschia community composition varied. Pseudo-nitzschia were detected in open-ocean waters, where community composition differed between surface and deep chlorophyll maxima. The toxin produced by Pseudo-nitzschia, domoic acid (DA), was present in coastal waters both inside and outside the northern Benguela Upwelling Zone at potentially ecologically harmful levels, up to 184 ng DA l(-1) and 4.6 pg DA cell(-1). Partial internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) clone libraries putatively identified at least 10 species in the South Atlantic, including P. inflatula, P. subpacifica, P. heimii, and P. galaxiae. Previously, these species were reported to produce DA at levels several orders of magnitude lower than our field measurements. Simple correlations were not able to identify obvious environmental triggers of DA production. Our findings suggest that species commonly believed to be weakly toxigenic could pose harm to humans and marine organisms, including those inhabiting southwestern African coastal regions. C1 [Guannel, M. L.; Haring, D.; Rocap, G.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Ctr Environm Genom, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Twiner, M. J.; Wang, Z.] Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, NOAA,Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Twiner, M. J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nat Sci, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. [Noble, A. E.; Saito, M. A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Lee, P. A.] Coll Charleston, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Rocap, G (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Ctr Environm Genom, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM rocap@ocean.washington.edu FU Pacific Northwest Center for Human Health and Ocean Studies (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health [NIEHS/NIH] [ES012762]; National Science Foundation [NSF] [OCE-0434087, OCE-0910624, OCE-1128883, OCE-0452883]; Pacific Northwest Consortium Pre-doctoral Traineeship in Oceans and Human Health; Pacific Northwest Human Health and Ocean Studies Research Experience for Undergraduates Fellowship; NOAA Marine Biotoxins Program operational funds FX We thank the captain and crew of the R/V 'Knorr'. We thank Katherine Hubbard, Julie Koester, Adrian Marchetti, Stephen S. Bates, internal NOAA reviewers, and 3 anonymous reviewers for helpful discussions, technical assistance, or feedback on the manuscript. Leigh Davidson-DeHoll (NOAA) assisted with DA extractions. This work was supported by the Pacific Northwest Center for Human Health and Ocean Studies (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health [NIEHS/NIH] grant P50 ES012762 and National Science Foundation [NSF grant OCE-0434087 and OCE-0910624]) and by NSF grant OCE-1128883 to G.R. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of NIEHS, NIH, or NSF. Additional funding was provided by a Pacific Northwest Consortium Pre-doctoral Traineeship in Oceans and Human Health to M.L.G., a Pacific Northwest Human Health and Ocean Studies Research Experience for Undergraduates Fellowship to D.H., University of Michigan-Dearborn's Office of Research & Sponsored Programs to M.J.T., NSF OCE-0452883 to M.A.S., and NOAA Marine Biotoxins Program operational funds. This publication does not constitute an endorsement of any commercial product or intend to be an opinion beyond scientific or other results obtained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). No reference shall be made to NOAA, or this publication furnished by NOAA, to any advertising or sales promotion which would indicate or imply that NOAA recommends or endorses any proprietary product mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an interest to cause the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this publication. NR 94 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD APR 22 PY 2015 VL 526 BP 67 EP 87 DI 10.3354/meps11027 PG 21 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CH9ZJ UT WOS:000354394900006 ER PT J AU Thorson, JT AF Thorson, James T. TI Spatio-temporal variation in fish condition is not consistently explained by density, temperature, or season for California Current groundfishes SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Relative condition factor; Spatial analysis; Weight at length; Northeast Pacific groundfish; State-dependent life history theory; Fish growth; Density dependence; Gaussian random fields ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; STOCK ASSESSMENT; CONDITION INDEXES; SPATIAL VARIATION; ENERGY RESERVES; LENGTH-WEIGHT; GROWTH; RECRUITMENT; POPULATIONS; MODEL AB Condition (the relationship between individual weight and length) has been researched in fisheries science for over 100 yr and is claimed to be an integrated measure of physiological status for fishes. Spatial or temporal variation in condition can contribute to otherwise unexplained variation in the relationship between spawning biomass and recruitment. Individual condition is also included in age-structured population models, which use weight at age to convert population estimates between numbers and biomass. However, no study has analyzed spatial and temporal variation in condition for multiple marine species. Here I apply recent improvements in spatial modeling to analyze coastwide variation in condition for 28 groundfishes in the California Current. I show that, on average, 22% of individual-level variation in condition can be explained via persistent (constant over time) and annually varying spatial differences in condition, and condition for many species varies 10 to 20% spatially and among years. While population density, bottom temperature, and calendar date are parsimonious descriptors of condition in several species, the sign of these coefficients varies, and their magnitude is small relative to the magnitude of residual spatial and temporal variation. Additionally, annually varying spatial differences have nearly twice the magnitude of persistent spatial differences in condition. I therefore conclude that dynamic habitat conditions contribute a substantial portion of variation in individual condition for these groundfishes. Spatial and temporal variation in condition will be important for population models that convert between numbers, fishery catch, and population biomass, and may also clarify unexplained variability in productivity for marine fishes. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Resource & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Resource & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM james.thorson@noaa.gov OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 NR 65 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 27 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD APR 22 PY 2015 VL 526 BP 101 EP 112 DI 10.3354/meps11204 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CH9ZJ UT WOS:000354394900008 ER PT J AU Bjorkland, RH Pearson, SF Jeffries, SJ Lance, MM Acevedo-Gutierrez, A Ward, EJ AF Bjorkland, Rhema H. Pearson, Scott F. Jeffries, Steve J. Lance, Monique M. Acevedo-Gutierrez, Alejandro Ward, Eric J. TI Stable isotope mixing models elucidate sex and size effects on the diet of a generalist marine predator SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Stable isotopes; Bayesian mixing model; Harbor seal; Phoca vitulina; Pinniped; Salish Sea ID TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; PRIOR INFORMATION; SCAT ANALYSIS; HABITAT USE; BODY-SIZE; SEALS; NITROGEN; CARBON; SEGREGATION; MASS AB We applied a 2-step clustering algorithm and Bayesian stable isotope mixing model to examine intraspecific differences in the contribution of prey sources to the diet and foraging habitat of harbor seals Phoca vitulina in the Salish Sea, USA. We analyzed stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen collected from 32 seals and 248 prey samples representing 18 of 25 of the most common seal prey items identified in seal scat. Stable isotope analyses identified significant harbor seal sex- and size-based differences in diet and foraging habitat use. In comparison to males, female harbor seals had a higher contribution of prey items that were more C-13-enriched. This result may indicate that females derived more of their delta C-13 value from nearshore versus offshore food webs, an explanation supported by movement data on this population. However, large seals of both sexes displayed a greater offshore signal in their diet, indicating that seal mass effects on foraging habitat use were somewhat independent of sex. Our work contributes to understanding trophic linkages between these generalist consumers and their prey. The foraging differences that we detected between male and female harbor seals present complex challenges for fisheries management and for the design of marine reserves. Many marine reserves in the Pacific Northwest are located in close proximity to seal haul-out sites. By lowering the energetic costs of foraging of females, these reserves may ultimately have the unintended effect of increasing individual fitness, population growth rate, and influencing future predator-induced mortality on endangered species. C1 [Bjorkland, Rhema H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Pearson, Scott F.; Jeffries, Steve J.; Lance, Monique M.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Wildlife Sci Div, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Acevedo-Gutierrez, Alejandro] Western Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Ward, Eric J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Bjorkland, RH (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM bjorkland.rhema@epa.gov FU National Science Foundation Award [0550443]; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; NOAA Fisheries; National Research Council; MMPA Research [782-1702-00] FX We thank D. Lambourn, B. Murphie, J. Gould, T. Cyra, J. Gaydos, K. Reuland, S. Peterson, P. Olesiuk, and many others for their help capturing seals; R. Sweeting (Fisheries and Oceans Canada and RV 'Ricker'), S. O'Neill (NOAA), and G. Williams (NOAA) for providing fish samples; and A. Default (NOAA) and Western Washington University students for assistance processing fish samples. We also acknowledge the efforts and assistance of the anonymous reviewers in enhancing this manuscript. Harbor seal research activities were conducted under MMPA Research Permit 782-1702-00. Financial support was provided by the National Science Foundation Award No. 0550443 (to A.A.) and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. R.H.B. was supported by NOAA Fisheries and the National Research Council. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 21 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD APR 22 PY 2015 VL 526 BP 213 EP 225 DI 10.3354/meps11230 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CH9ZJ UT WOS:000354394900017 ER PT J AU Fire, SE Flewelling, LJ Stolen, M Durden, WN de Wit, M Spellman, AC Wang, ZH AF Fire, Spencer E. Flewelling, Leanne J. Stolen, Megan Durden, Wendy Noke de Wit, Martine Spellman, Ann C. Wang, Zhihong TI Brevetoxin-associated mass mortality event of bottlenose dolphins and manatees along the east coast of Florida, USA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Brevetoxin; Harmful algal bloom; Dolphin; Manatee; Mortality HAB; Indian River Lagoon ID LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; GYMNODINIUM-BREVE; CIGUATOXINS; TRANSPORT; TOXICITY; FISH AB A mass mortality of bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus and Florida manatees Trichechus manatus latirostris co-occurred with a severe bloom of the toxic algal species Karenia brevis along the eastern coast of Florida, USA, between October 2007 and January 2008. Brevetoxin (PbTx), a potent neurotoxin produced by this marine alga, was detected in 69 and 92% of the tested carcasses of manatees and dolphins, respectively, at concentrations similar to those reported for earlier mortality events along the west coast of Florida. Brevetoxin was also detected in fetal and neonate dolphins, providing evidence of maternal transfer of the toxin in wild populations. This study is the first to document a brevetoxin-associated marine mammal mortality event along the Atlantic coast of Florida. It also demonstrates that, despite the rarity of Karenia brevis blooms in this region, significant negative impacts to marine mammals inhabiting this region can occur. C1 [Fire, Spencer E.; Flewelling, Leanne J.; de Wit, Martine; Spellman, Ann C.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Fire, Spencer E.; Wang, Zhihong] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Stolen, Megan; Durden, Wendy Noke] Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, Melbourne Beach, FL 32951 USA. RP Fire, SE (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, 150 West Univ Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM sfire@fit.edu RI Fire, Spencer/P-6040-2014 OI Fire, Spencer/0000-0002-1657-790X NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 17 U2 74 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD APR 22 PY 2015 VL 526 BP 241 EP 251 DI 10.3354/meps11225 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CH9ZJ UT WOS:000354394900019 ER PT J AU Maeda, K Wall, ML Carr, LD AF Maeda, Kenji Wall, Michael L. Carr, Lincoln D. TI Hyperfine structure of the hydroxyl free radical (OH) in electric and magnetic fields SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cold molecules; free radicals; hydroxyl; Zeeman effect; Stark effect; molecular spectroscopy ID DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; PARAMETERS; STATES; OD AB We investigate single-particle energy spectra of the hydroxyl free radical (OH) in the lowest electronic and rovibrational level under combined static electric and magnetic fields, as an example of heteronuclear polar diatomic molecules. In addition to the fine-structure interactions, the hyperfine interactions and centrifugal distortion effects are taken into account to yield the zero-field spectrum of the lowest. (2)Pi(3/2) manifold to an accuracy of less than 2 kHz. We also examine level crossings and repulsions in the hyperfine structure induced by applied electric and magnetic fields. Compared to previous work, we found more than 10% reduction of the magnetic fields at level repulsions in the Zeeman spectrum subjected to a perpendicular electric field. In addition, we find new level repulsions, which we call Stark-induced hyperfine level repulsions, that require both an electric field and hyperfine structure. It is important to take into account hyperfine structure when we investigate physics of OH molecules at micro-Kelvin temperatures and below. C1 [Maeda, Kenji; Carr, Lincoln D.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Wall, Michael L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wall, Michael L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Maeda, K (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM kenji.bosefermi@gmail.com RI Carr, Lincoln/E-3819-2016 OI Carr, Lincoln/0000-0002-4848-7941 FU AFOSR Grant [FA9550-11-1-0224]; NSF [PHY-1207881, NSF PHY-1125915, 1066293] FX We thank Yehuda Band, Goulven Quemener, and Jun Ye for helpful discussions. This research was supported in part by AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-11-1-0224 and by the NSF under Grants PHY-1207881 and NSF PHY-1125915. We appreciate the Aspen Center for Physics, supported in part by the NSF Grant No. 1066293, for hospitality during the writing of this paper. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD APR 22 PY 2015 VL 17 AR 045014 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/17/4/045014 PG 18 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CH3PV UT WOS:000353943600002 ER PT J AU Grace, MA Doosey, MH Bart, HL Naylor, GJP AF Grace, Mark A. Doosey, Michael H. Bart, Henry L. Naylor, Gavin J. P. TI First record of Mollisquama sp (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes: Dalatiidae) from the Gulf of Mexico, with a morphological comparison to the holotype description of Mollisquama parini Dolganov SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE pocket gland; photophore agglomerations; molecular systematics; NADH2; dentition ID EUPROTOMICROIDES-ZANTEDESCHIA; ISISTIUS-BRASILIENSIS; SHARK; SCALES; GENUS AB The description of the pocket shark genus Mollisquama (M. parini Dolganov, 1984) is based on a single known specimen collected from the Nazca Ridge of the southeast Pacific Ocean. A second Mollisquama specimen has been captured in the central Gulf of Mexico establishing a considerable range extension and a parturition locality because the specimen has a healed vitelline scar. Both the holotype of M. parini and the Gulf of Mexico specimen possess the remarkable pocket gland with its large slit-like external opening located just above the pectoral fin. Features found on the Gulf of Mexico specimen that were not noted in the description of M. parini include a series of ventral abdominal photophore agglomerations and a modified dermal denticle surrounded by a radiating arrangement of denticles just posterior to the mouth. Based on a morphometric and meristic comparison of the Gulf of Mexico specimen with information in the description of M. parini, the Gulf of Mexico specimen is identified as Mollisquama sp. due to differences in tooth morphology and vertebral counts. Phylogenetic analysis of NADH2 gene sequences places Mollisquama sister to Dalatias plus Isistius within the family Dalatiidae. C1 [Grace, Mark A.] NOAA, NMFS, SEFSC, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39564 USA. [Doosey, Michael H.; Bart, Henry L.] Tulane Univ, Biodivers Res Inst, Belle Chasse, LA 70037 USA. [Naylor, Gavin J. P.] Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Grace, MA (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, SEFSC, Mississippi Labs, 3209 Fredric St, Pascagoula, MS 39564 USA. EM mark.a.grace@noaa.gov; mdoosey@tulane.edu; hbartjr@tulane.edu; gjpnaylor@gmail.com FU U.S. DOI (BOEM, Environmental Studies Program, Washington, D.C.) [M09PG0014]; NOAA/NMFS FX Those recognized for their advice, suggestions or important contributions include: J. Mann (Tulane University Biodiversity Research Institute), J. He (Coordinated Instrument Facility, Tulane University), D. Ebert (Moss Landing Marine Laboratories), R. Robins (Univ. of Florida), F. Petean and M. R. de Carvalho (Univ. Sao Paulo), L. Frick (Aquarium Basel), E. Rochel (Hollings Marine Laboratory), L. de Boisblanc and B. Myers (New Orleans, LA), W. B. Driggers III, C. Jones, L. Desfosse and J. Castro (NOAA/NMFS/SEFSC), N. Donoho (NOAA/NEDIS/OSPO), R. Bouchard and P. Rychtar (NOAA/NDBC), the NOAA/NMFS/SEFSC protected resources and marine mammals research groups (K. Mullin, C. Sinclair, K. Barry, E. Ronje, L. Noble, M. Cook, L. Garrison, T. Martinez, and L. Dias; J. Wicker for the photographs for Fig. 1), C. Horton (MSL contract survey participant), M. Felts (MSL contract biologist), J. Denton (American Museum of Natural History), D. W. Glenn III (DOI/BOEM), and the command and crew of the NOAA Ship PISCES. The U.S. DOI (BOEM, Environmental Studies Program, Washington, D.C.) through Interagency Agreement M09PG0014 with NOAA/NMFS, is recognized for their funding contribution that helped make the NOAA survey possible. Illustrations are by senior author M. A. Grace. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD APR 22 PY 2015 VL 3948 IS 3 BP 587 EP 600 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CH7FG UT WOS:000354200400010 PM 25947789 ER PT J AU Vitale, JD Lipe, J Lindley, TT AF Vitale, Jeffrey D. Lipe, John Lindley, T. Todd TI Independence Day Holiday Weekend 2010 Flood on the Southern Plains of West Texas SO JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADAR; PRECIPITATION AB An exceptionally rare flood and flash flood took place on the southern plains of West Texas during the Independence Day holiday weekend of 2010. Several daily and monthly record rainfall totals were broken across a wide region during this multi-day event. Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport recorded a storm total rainfall of 155 mm (6.12 in) over four days and set daily records on 2-3 July when 56 mm (2.19 in) and 83 mm (3.27 in) were observed, respectively. The most notable impact was the failure of an earthen dam that emptied a 2.4. 10(5) m(2) (or 60 ac) lake along the Upper Brazos River. The resulting flood ruptured pipelines that led to an oil spill. Much of this excessive rainfall was due to the influence of moisture from the remnants of Hurricane Alex. This abundant tropical moisture set the stage to create heavy rainfall from 1 July through 4 July that reached a peak during the overnight of 3-4 July owing to a mesoscale convective vortex. Warm-rain precipitation production processes were greatly enhanced during this event and contributed to excessive heavy rainfall. C1 [Vitale, Jeffrey D.; Lipe, John] Natl Weather Serv, 2579 S Loop 289,Suite 100, Lubbock, TX 79423 USA. [Lindley, T. Todd] Natl Weather Serv, Amarillo, TX USA. RP Vitale, JD (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 2579 S Loop 289,Suite 100, Lubbock, TX 79423 USA. EM jeffrey.vitale@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL WEATHER ASSOC PI NORMAN PA 350 DAVID L BOREN BLVD, STE 2750, NORMAN, OK USA SN 2325-6184 J9 J OPER METEOROL JI J. Oper. Meteorol. PD APR 21 PY 2015 VL 3 IS 7 BP 70 EP 81 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH6LM UT WOS:000372902100001 ER PT J AU Lamb, BK Edburg, SL Ferrara, TW Howard, T Harrison, MR Kolb, CE Townsend-Small, A Dyck, W Possolo, A Whetstone, JR AF Lamb, Brian K. Edburg, Steven L. Ferrara, Thomas W. Howard, Touche Harrison, Matthew R. Kolb, Charles E. Townsend-Small, Amy Dyck, Wesley Possolo, Antonio Whetstone, James R. TI Direct Measurements Show Decreasing Methane Emissions from Natural Gas Local Distribution Systems in the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PIPELINE LEAKS AB Fugitive losses from natural gas distribution systems are a significant source of anthropogenic methane. Here, we report on a national sampling program to measure methane emissions from 13 urban distribution systems across the U.S. Emission factors were derived from direct measurements at 230 underground pipeline leaks and 229 metering and regulating facilities using stratified random sampling. When these new emission factors are combined with estimates for customer meters, maintenance, and upsets, and current pipeline miles and numbers of facilities, the total estimate is 393 Gg/yr with a 95% upper confidence limit of 854 Gg/yr (0.10% to 0.22% of the methane delivered nationwide). This fraction includes emissions from city gates to the customer meter, but does not include other urban sources or those downstream of customer meters. The upper confidence limit accounts for the skewed distribution of measurements, where a few large emitters accounted for most of the emissions. This emission estimate is 36% to 70% less than the 2011 EPA inventory, (based largely on 1990s emission data), and reflects significant upgrades at metering and regulating stations, improvements in leak detection and maintenance activities, as well as potential effects from differences in methodologies between the two studies. C1 [Lamb, Brian K.; Edburg, Steven L.] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Ferrara, Thomas W.; Howard, Touche; Dyck, Wesley] Conestoga Rovers & Associates, New York, NY 14304 USA. [Harrison, Matthew R.] URS Corp, Austin, TX 78729 USA. [Kolb, Charles E.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Townsend-Small, Amy] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Possolo, Antonio; Whetstone, James R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lamb, BK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM blamb@wsu.edu FU Fiona and Stan Druckenmiller; Heising-Simons Foundation; Bill and Susan Oberndorf; Betsy and Sam Reeves; Robertson Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; TomKat Charitable Trust; Walton Family Foundation FX We thank Charlotte Beall, Chuck Boller, Keith Jaworsld, John Katalinas, Andrew Kisiel, Alex Krause, Alex Lambdin, Brandon Lawrence, John Monell, Gina Scrocchi, and Steve Zimmerman for their assistance with the field operations and data analysis, and Joanne Shorter for assistance with identifying facilities for resampling. We thank the sponsors of this work for financial support, technical advice, and access to sites for sampling. The sponsors were Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), Southern California Gas Company, Pacific Gas & Electric, National Grid, and Consolidated Edison of New York, along with the American Gas Association and associated utility companies including: Atmos Energy Corporation, CenterPoint Energy, Inc., Citizens Energy Group, Columbia Gas of Pennsylvania (NiSource), NW Natural Gas, Piedmont Natural Gas, Questar Gas, Southwest Gas Corporation, and Xcel Energy. Cooperation was also provided by NSTAR Electric and Gas Company and Public Service Electric and Gas Company. Funding for EDF's methane research series, including this work, is provided by Fiona and Stan Druckenmiller, Heising-Simons Foundation, Bill and Susan Oberndorf, Betsy and Sam Reeves, Robertson Foundation, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, TomKat Charitable Trust, and the Walton Family Foundation. NR 22 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 6 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 21 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 8 BP 5161 EP 5169 DI 10.1021/es505116p PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CG9BV UT WOS:000353610300045 PM 25826444 ER PT J AU Scott, KB Turko, IV Phinney, KW AF Scott, Kerry Bauer Turko, Illarion V. Phinney, Karen W. TI Quantitative Performance of Internal Standard Platforms for Absolute Protein Quantification Using Multiple Reaction Monitoring-Mass Spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PEPTIDE PRODUCTION; LC-MS/MS; PROTEOMICS; DIGESTION; SERUM; STOICHIOMETRY; ASSAY AB Stable-isotope-labeling mass spectrometry involves the addition of known quantities of stable-isotope labeled standards, which mimic native molecules, to biological samples. We evaluated three conventional internal standard platforms (synthetic peptides, QconCAT constructs, and recombinant proteins) for quantitative accuracy, precision, and inherent advantages and limitations. Internal standards for the absolute quantification of three human cytokine proteins (interferon gamma, interleukin-1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) were designed and verified. Multiple reaction monitoring assays, calibration curve construction, and regression analysis were used to assess quantitative performance of the internal standard platforms. We also investigated a strategy for methodological improvement to current platforms using natural flanking sequences. Data analysis revealed that full length protein standards have the broadest quantitative reliability with accuracy being peptide-dependent for QconCATs and synthetic peptides. Natural flanking sequences greatly improved the quantitative performance of both QconCAT and synthetic peptide standards. C1 [Scott, Kerry Bauer; Turko, Illarion V.; Phinney, Karen W.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Scott, Kerry Bauer; Turko, Illarion V.] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Scott, KB (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kerry.bauer@nist.gov NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 21 PY 2015 VL 87 IS 8 BP 4429 EP 4435 DI 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00331 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA CG6RF UT WOS:000353429200054 PM 25812027 ER PT J AU Jenkins, CN Van Houtan, KS Pimm, SL Sexton, JO AF Jenkins, Clinton N. Van Houtan, Kyle S. Pimm, Stuart L. Sexton, Joseph O. TI US protected lands mismatch biodiversity priorities SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE conservation priorities; protected areas; endemism; range size; extinction ID UNITED-STATES; SPECIES RICHNESS; AREA NETWORK; GAP ANALYSIS; CONSERVATION; DIVERSITY; RANGE; REPRESENTATION; EXTINCTION; PATTERNS AB Because habitat loss is the main cause of extinction, where and how much society chooses to protect is vital for saving species. The United States is well positioned economically and politically to pursue habitat conservation should it be a societal goal. We assessed the US protected area portfolio with respect to biodiversity in the country. New synthesis maps for terrestrial vertebrates, freshwater fish, and trees permit comparison with protected areas to identify priorities for future conservation investment. Although the total area protected is substantial, its geographic configuration is nearly the opposite of patterns of endemism within the country. Most protected lands are in the West, whereas the vulnerable species are largely in the Southeast. Private land protections are significant, but they are not concentrated where the priorities are. To adequately protect the nation's unique biodiversity, we recommend specific areas deserving additional protection, some of them including public lands, but many others requiring private investment. C1 [Jenkins, Clinton N.] Inst Pesquisas Ecol, BR-12960000 Nazare Paulista, SP, Brazil. [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Pimm, Stuart L.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Sexton, Joseph O.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, Global Land Cover Facil, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jenkins, CN (reprint author), Inst Pesquisas Ecol, BR-12960000 Nazare Paulista, SP, Brazil. EM clinton.jenkins@gmail.com RI Jenkins, Clinton/D-6134-2011; OI Jenkins, Clinton/0000-0003-2198-0637; Van Houtan, Kyle/0000-0001-5725-1773 FU Brazilian agency Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) [A025_2013] FX We thank Anupam Anand for collating tree-species data and Robert Dunn and Nick Haddad for critical discussions about this study. C.N.J. was supported by the Brazilian agency Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) through Ciencia Sem Fronteiras Program A025_2013. NR 41 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 14 U2 59 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 21 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 16 BP 5081 EP 5086 DI 10.1073/pnas.1418034112 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CG4FJ UT WOS:000353239100067 PM 25847995 ER PT J AU Nixon, C Lubow, SH AF Nixon, Chris Lubow, Stephen H. TI Resonances in retrograde circumbinary discs SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; black hole physics; hydrodynamics; binaries: general ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; FINAL PARSEC PROBLEM; ACCRETION DISKS; GAS DISCS; BINARY; EVOLUTION; SIMULATIONS; PROPAGATION; MASS AB We analyse the interaction of an eccentric binary with a circular coplanar circumbinary disc that rotates in a retrograde sense with respect to the binary. In the circular binary case, no Lindblad resonances lie within the disc and no Lindblad resonant torques are produced, as was previously known. By analytic means, we show that when the binary orbit is eccentric, there exist components of the gravitational potential of the binary which rotate in a retrograde sense to the binary orbit and so rotate progradely with respect to this disc, allowing a resonant interaction to occur between the binary and the disc. The resulting resonant torques distinctly alter the disc response from the circular binary case. We describe results of three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations to explore this effect and categorize the response of the disc in terms of modes whose strengths vary as a function of binary mass ratio and eccentricity. These mode strengths are weak compared to the largest mode strengths expected in the prograde case where the binary and disc rotate in the same sense. However, for sufficiently high binary eccentricity, resonant torques open a gap in a retrograde circumbinary disc, while permitting gas inflow on to the binary via gas streams. The inflow results in a time varying accretion rate on to the binary that is modulated over the binary orbital period, as was previously found to occur in the prograde case. C1 [Nixon, Chris] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nixon, Chris] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lubow, Stephen H.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Nixon, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM chris.nixon@jila.colorado.edu OI Nixon, Christopher/0000-0002-2137-4146 FU NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Program [PF2-130098]; NASA [NNX11AK61G]; National Science Foundation [CNS-0821794]; University of Colorado Boulder FX We thank Andrew King for useful comments on the manuscript. We thank P. Ivanov for informing us of his preprint after our paper was accepted for publication. CJN was supported for this work by NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Program, grant PF2-130098. SHL acknowledges support from NASA grant NNX11AK61G. We used SPLASH (Price 2007) for the visualization. This work utilized the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (award number CNS-0821794) and the University of Colorado Boulder. The Janus supercomputer is a joint effort of the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Janus is operated by the University of Colorado Boulder. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD APR 21 PY 2015 VL 448 IS 4 BP 3472 EP 3483 DI 10.1093/mnras/stv166 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CE0WF UT WOS:000351529500042 ER PT J AU Nurse, AK Coriell, SR McFadden, GB AF Nurse, A. K. Coriell, S. R. McFadden, G. B. TI On the Stability of Rotating Drops SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bifurcation; linear stability; rotating drop; toroids; variational principle ID LIQUID-DROPS; BIFURCATION; BREAKUP; SHAPE AB We consider the equilibrium and stability of rotating axisymmetric fluid drops by appealing to a variational principle that characterizes the equilibria as stationary states of a functional containing surface energy and rotational energy contributions, augmented by a volume constraint. The linear stability of a drop is determined by solving the eigenvalue problem associated with the second variation of the energy functional. We compute equilibria corresponding to both oblate and prolate shapes, as well as toroidal shapes, and track their evolution with rotation rate. The stability results are obtained for two cases: (i) a prescribed rotational rate of the system ("driven drops"), or (ii) a prescribed angular momentum ("isolated drops"). For families of axisymmetric drops instabilities may occur for either axisymmetric or non-axisymmetric perturbations; the latter correspond to bifurcation points where non-axisymmetric shapes are possible. We employ an angle-arc length formulation of the problem which allows the computation of equilibrium shapes that are not single-valued in spherical coordinates. We are able to illustrate the transition from spheroidal drops with a strong indentation on the rotation axis to toroidal drops that do not extend to the rotation axis. Toroidal drops with a large aspect ratio (major radius to minor radius) are subject to azimuthal instabilities with higher mode numbers that are analogous to the Rayleigh instability of a cylindrical interface. Prolate spheroidal shapes occur if a drop of lower density rotates within a denser medium; these drops appear to be linearly stable. This work is motivated by recent investigations of toroidal tissue clusters that are observed to climb conical obstacles after self-assembly C1 [Nurse, A. K.; Coriell, S. R.; McFadden, G. B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nurse, AK (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM aknurse@gmail.com; sam.coriell@nist.gov; geoffrey.mcfadden@nist.gov RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008 OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103 FU NIST American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) Postdoctoral Fellowship FX A. K. N. was supported by a NIST American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) Postdoctoral Fellowship. The authors are grateful for helpful discussions with D. M. Anderson and J. W. Bullard. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD APR 20 PY 2015 VL 120 BP 74 EP 101 DI 10.6028/jres.120.007 PG 28 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CN8WE UT WOS:000358725500001 PM 26958440 ER PT J AU Tiranov, A Lavoie, J Ferrier, A Goldner, P Verma, VB Nam, SW Mirin, RP Lita, AE Marsili, F Herrmann, H Silberhorn, C Gisin, N Afzelius, M Bussieres, F AF Tiranov, Alexey Lavoie, Jonathan Ferrier, Alban Goldner, Philippe Verma, Varun B. Nam, Sae Woo Mirin, Richard P. Lita, Adriana E. Marsili, Francesco Herrmann, Harald Silberhorn, Christine Gisin, Nicolas Afzelius, Mikael Bussieres, Felix TI Storage of hyperentanglement in a solid-state quantum memory SO OPTICA LA English DT Article ID COMMUNICATION; ENTANGLEMENT AB Two photons can simultaneously share entanglement between several degrees of freedom such as polarization, energy-time, spatial mode and orbital angular momentum. This resource is known as hyperentanglement, and it has been shown to be an important tool for optical quantum information processing. Here we demonstrate the quantum storage and retrieval of photonic hyperentanglement in a solid-state quantum memory. A pair of photons entangled in polarization and energy-time is generated such that one photon is stored in the quantum memory, while the other photon has a telecommunication wavelength suitable for transmission in optical fibre. We measured violations of a Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) Bell inequality for each degree of freedom, independently of the other one, which proves the successful storage and retrieval of the two bits of entanglement shared by the photons. Our scheme is compatible with long-distance quantum communication in optical fibre, and is in particular suitable for linear-optical entanglement purification for quantum repeaters. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Tiranov, Alexey; Lavoie, Jonathan; Gisin, Nicolas; Afzelius, Mikael; Bussieres, Felix] Univ Geneva, Appl Phys Grp, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Ferrier, Alban] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, F-75005 Paris, France. [Ferrier, Alban; Goldner, Philippe] PSL Res Univ, Chim ParisTech CNRS, Inst Rech Chim Paris, F-75005 Paris, France. [Verma, Varun B.; Nam, Sae Woo; Mirin, Richard P.; Lita, Adriana E.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Marsili, Francesco] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Herrmann, Harald; Silberhorn, Christine] Univ Paderborn, Appl Phys Integrated Opt Grp, D-33095 Paderborn, Germany. RP Tiranov, A (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Appl Phys Grp, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. EM alexey.tiranov@unige.ch RI Silberhorn, Christine/J-4919-2013; Bussieres, Felix/E-5384-2011; Afzelius, Mikael/N-5825-2016; OI Silberhorn, Christine/0000-0002-2349-5443; Bussieres, Felix/0000-0003-0234-175X; Afzelius, Mikael/0000-0001-8367-6820; Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 FU Swiss National Centres of Competence in Research (NCCR); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Idex [ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL*] FX Swiss National Centres of Competence in Research (NCCR); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Idex ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL*. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 20 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2334-2536 J9 OPTICA JI Optica PD APR 20 PY 2015 VL 2 IS 4 BP 279 EP 287 DI 10.1364/OPTICA.2.000279 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA CI6KG UT WOS:000354867300002 ER PT J AU Ryan, JT Matsuda, A Campbell, JP Cheung, KP AF Ryan, J. T. Matsuda, A. Campbell, J. P. Cheung, K. P. TI Interface-state capture cross section-Why does it vary so much? SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SI-SIO2 INTERFACE AB A capture cross section value is often assigned to Si-SiO2 interface defects. Using a kinetic variation of the charge pumping technique and transition state theory, we show that the value of capture cross section is extremely sensitive to the measurement approach and does not provide any meaningful insight into the physics involved. We argue that capture cross section is neither a physical property of interface defects nor is there any need to assign capture cross section values. C1 [Ryan, J. T.; Matsuda, A.; Campbell, J. P.; Cheung, K. P.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cheung, KP (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kin.cheung@nist.gov OI Matsuda, Asahiko/0000-0001-5989-027X NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 20 PY 2015 VL 106 IS 16 AR 163503 DI 10.1063/1.4919100 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CG8LS UT WOS:000353559900038 ER PT J AU Liu, W De Pontieu, B Vial, JC Title, AM Carlsson, M Uitenbroek, H Okamoto, TJ Berger, TE Antolin, P AF Liu, Wei De Pontieu, Bart Vial, Jean-Claude Title, Alan M. Carlsson, Mats Uitenbroek, Han Okamoto, Takenori J. Berger, Thomas E. Antolin, Patrick TI FIRST HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF AN ERUPTING PROMINENCE WITHIN A CORONAL MASS EJECTION BY THE INTERFACE REGION IMAGING SPECTROGRAPH (IRIS) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: activity; Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: filaments, prominences; Sun: UV radiation ID MG II H; MOVING SOLAR PROMINENCES; K LINES; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; QUIESCENT PROMINENCE; CHROMOSPHERIC JET; LPSP INSTRUMENT; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; RESONANCE LINES; L-ALPHA AB Spectroscopic observations of prominence eruptions associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs), although relatively rare, can provide valuable plasma and three-dimensional geometry diagnostics. We report the first observations by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph mission of a spectacular fast CME/prominence eruption associated with an equivalent X1.6 flare on 2014 May 9. The maximum plane-of-sky and Doppler velocities of the eruption are 1200 and 460 km s(-1), respectively. There are two eruption components separated by similar to 200 km s(-1) in Doppler velocity: a primary, bright component and a secondary, faint component, suggesting a hollow, rather than solid, cone-shaped distribution of material. The eruption involves a left-handed helical structure undergoing counterclockwise (viewed top-down) unwinding motion. There is a temporal evolution from upward eruption to downward fallback with less-than-free-fall speeds and decreasing nonthermal line widths. We find a wide range of Mg II k/h line intensity ratios (less than similar to 2 expected for optically-thin thermal emission): the lowest ever reported median value of 1.17 found in the fallback material, a comparably high value of 1.63 in nearby coronal rain, and intermediate values of 1.53 and 1.41 in the two eruption components. The fallback material exhibits a strong (>5 sigma) linear correlation between the k/h ratio and the Doppler velocity as well as the line intensity. We demonstrate that Doppler dimming of scattered chromospheric emission by the erupted material can potentially explain such characteristics. C1 [Liu, Wei; De Pontieu, Bart; Title, Alan M.] Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Liu, Wei] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [De Pontieu, Bart; Carlsson, Mats] Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway. [Vial, Jean-Claude] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Uitenbroek, Han] Natl Solar Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Okamoto, Takenori J.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Berger, Thomas E.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Antolin, Patrick] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. RP Liu, W (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, 3251 Hanover St, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM weiliu@lmsal.com OI Antolin, Patrick/0000-0003-1529-4681; De Pontieu, Bart/0000-0002-8370-952X; Carlsson, Mats/0000-0001-9218-3139 FU NASA [NNG09FA40C]; Lockheed Martin Independent Research Program FX This work is supported by NASA contract NNG09FA40C (IRIS) and the Lockheed Martin Independent Research Program. W.L. thanks Paola Testa and Lucia Kleint for help with IRIS data analysis, IRIS planner Nicole Schanche for capturing this eruption, and Hui Tian and Adrian Daw for useful discussions. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2015 VL 803 IS 2 AR 85 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/803/2/85 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CG7YT UT WOS:000353524500037 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZJ Chen, YY Liu, HJ Bae, HD Olson, DA Gupta, AK Yu, M AF Zhang, Zhijian Chen, Yongyao Liu, Haijun Bae, Hyungdae Olson, Douglas A. Gupta, Ashwani K. Yu, Miao TI On-fiber plasmonic interferometer for multi-parameter sensing SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX; MODAL INTERFEROMETER; SURFACE-PLASMONS; TEMPERATURE; SENSORS; TECHNOLOGY; REGION; ARRAYS; TIP AB We demonstrate a novel miniature multi-parameter sensing device based on a plasmonic interferometer fabricated on a fiber facet in the optical communication wavelength range. This device enables the coupling between surface plasmon resonance and plasmonic interference in the structure, which are the two essential mechanisms for multi-parameter sensing. We experimentally show that these two mechanisms have distinctive responses to temperature and refractive index, rendering the device the capability of simultaneous temperature and refractive index measurement on an ultra-miniature form factor. A high refractive index sensitivity of 220 nm per refractive index unit (RIU) and a high temperature sensitivity of -60 pm/ degrees C is achieved with our device. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Zhang, Zhijian; Chen, Yongyao; Liu, Haijun; Bae, Hyungdae; Gupta, Ashwani K.; Yu, Miao] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liu, Haijun; Olson, Douglas A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yu, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM mmyu@umd.ed RI Liu, Haijun/A-5060-2016; Chen, Yongyao/G-2695-2014; Bae, Hyungdae/D-8957-2011; Yu, Miao/M-6252-2013 OI Bae, Hyungdae/0000-0002-0202-7835; Yu, Miao/0000-0003-4180-5094 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) High-Temperature Energy Systems (HiTES) Program; US Department of Energy (DOE); National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) [70NANB12H21] FX This work is partially supported by Office of Naval Research (ONR) High-Temperature Energy Systems (HiTES) Program, US Department of Energy (DOE), and National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) (70NANB12H21). NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 38 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 20 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 8 BP 10732 EP 10740 DI 10.1364/OE.23.010732 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA CG4ZY UT WOS:000353299300118 PM 25969110 ER PT J AU Hattenrath-Lehmann, TK Marcoval, MA Mittlesdorf, H Goleski, JA Wang, ZH Haynes, B Morton, SL Gobler, CJ AF Hattenrath-Lehmann, Theresa K. Marcoval, Maria A. Mittlesdorf, Heidi Goleski, Jennifer A. Wang, Zhihong Haynes, Bennie Morton, Steve L. Gobler, Christopher J. TI Nitrogenous Nutrients Promote the Growth and Toxicity of Dinophysis acuminata during Estuarine Bloom Events SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; PROROCENTRUM-LIMA DINOPHYCEAE; OKADAIC ACID; LONG-ISLAND; AUREOCOCCUS-ANOPHAGEFFERENS; NEW-YORK; COCHLODINIUM-POLYKRIKOIDES; DINOFLAGELLATE ALEXANDRIUM; PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES; LIPOPHILIC TOXINS AB Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) is a globally significant human health syndrome most commonly caused by dinoflagellates within the genus Dinophysis. While blooms of harmful algae have frequently been linked to excessive nutrient loading, Dinophysis is a mixotrophic alga whose growth is typically associated with prey availability. Consequently, field studies of Dinophysis and nutrients have been rare. Here, the temporal dynamics of Dinophysis acuminata blooms, DSP toxins, and nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, silicate, organic compounds) were examined over four years within two New York estuaries (Meeting-house Creek and Northport Bay). Further, changes in the abundance and toxicity of D. acuminata were assessed during a series of nutrient amendment experiments performed over a three year period. During the study, Dinophysis acuminata blooms exceeding one million cells L-1 were observed in both estuaries. Highly significant (p<0.001) forward step-wise multivariate regression models of ecosystem observations demonstrated that D. acuminata abundances were positively dependent on multiple environmental parameters including ammonium (p = 0.007) while cellular toxin content was positively dependent on ammonium (p = 0.002) but negatively dependent on nitrate (p<0.001). Nitrogen- (N) and phosphorus- (P) containing inorganic and organic nutrients significantly enhanced D. acuminata densities in nearly all (13 of 14) experiments performed. Ammonium significantly increased cell densities in 10 of 11 experiments, while glutamine significantly enhanced cellular DSP content in 4 of 5 experiments examining this compound. Nutrients may have directly or indirectly enhanced D. acuminata abundances as densities of this mixotroph during experiments were significantly correlated with multiple members of the planktonic community (phytoflagellates and Mesodinium). Collectively, this study demonstrates that nutrient loading and more specifically N-loading promotes the growth and toxicity of D. acuminata populations in coastal zones. C1 [Hattenrath-Lehmann, Theresa K.; Marcoval, Maria A.; Mittlesdorf, Heidi; Goleski, Jennifer A.; Gobler, Christopher J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Southampton, NY 11794 USA. [Wang, Zhihong; Haynes, Bennie; Morton, Steve L.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC USA. [Marcoval, Maria A.] Univ Nacl Mar del Plata, Estac Costera JJ Nagera, Dept Ciencias Marinas FCEyN, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Marcoval, Maria A.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Gobler, CJ (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Southampton, NY 11794 USA. EM christopher.gobler@stonybrook.edu FU New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York Sea Grant [R/CMB-38-NYCT]; NOAA's Monitoring and Event Response to Harmful Algal Blooms (MERHAB) program [NA11NOS4780027] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York Sea Grant (R/CMB-38-NYCT) and NOAA's Monitoring and Event Response to Harmful Algal Blooms (MERHAB) program (NA11NOS4780027). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 40 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 20 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 4 AR UNSP e0124148 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0124148 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CG3XA UT WOS:000353211700076 PM 25894567 ER PT J AU Liew, SF Ge, L Redding, B Solomon, GS Cao, H AF Liew, Seng Fatt Ge, Li Redding, Brandon Solomon, Glenn S. Cao, Hui TI Pump-controlled modal interactions in microdisk lasers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LAGUERRE-GAUSSIAN MODES; SPIRAL MICROLASERS; EMISSION; DIODES AB We demonstrate an effective control of nonlinear interactions of lasing modes in a semiconductor microdisk cavity by shaping the pump profile. A target mode is selected at the expense of its competing modes either by increasing their lasing thresholds or suppressing their power slopes above the lasing threshold. Despite the strong spatial overlap of the lasing modes at the disk boundary, adaptive pumping enables an efficient selection of any lasing mode to be the dominant one, leading to a switch of lasing frequency. The theoretical analysis illustrates both linear and nonlinear effects of selective pumping and quantifies their contributions to lasing-mode selection. This work shows that adaptive pumping not only provides a powerful tool to control the nonlinear process in multimode lasers, but also enables the tuning of lasing characteristic after the lasers have been fabricated. C1 [Liew, Seng Fatt; Redding, Brandon; Cao, Hui] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Ge, Li] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Engn Sci & Phys, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. [Ge, Li] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cao, H (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM hui.cao@yale.edu FU Office of Naval Research [ONR MURI SP0001135605]; National Science Foundation [DMR-1205307] FX We thank Patrick Sebbah, Nicolas Bachelard, Stefan Rotter, Douglas Stone, Alex Cerjan, and Jan Wiersig for stimulating discussion. This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research under Grant No. ONR MURI SP0001135605 and by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-1205307. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 20 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 4 AR 043828 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.91.043828 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CG2RE UT WOS:000353121400007 ER PT J AU Nuske, M Tiesinga, E Mathey, L AF Nuske, Marlon Tiesinga, Eite Mathey, L. TI Optimization of collisional Feshbach cooling of an ultracold nondegenerate gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PHOTON RECOIL; TRAPPED ATOMS; DOPPLER LIMIT; GROUND-STATE; LASER; CAVITY; RADIATION AB We optimize a collision-induced cooling process for ultracold atoms in the nondegenerate regime. It makes use of a Feshbach resonance, instead of rf radiation in evaporative cooling, to selectively expel hot atoms from a trap. Using functional minimization we analytically show that for the optimal cooling process the resonance energy must be tuned such that it linearly follows the temperature. Here, optimal cooling is defined as maximizing the phase-space density after a fixed cooling duration. The analytical results are confirmed by numerical Monte Carlo simulations. In order to simulate more realistic experimental conditions, we show that background losses do not change our conclusions, while additional nonresonant two-body losses make a lower initial resonance energy with nonlinear dependence on temperature preferable. C1 [Nuske, Marlon; Mathey, L.] Univ Hamburg, Zentrum Opt Quantentechnol, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. [Nuske, Marlon; Mathey, L.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Laserphys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. [Tiesinga, Eite] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tiesinga, Eite] NIST, Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tiesinga, Eite] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nuske, M (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Zentrum Opt Quantentechnol, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. RI Mathey, Ludwig/A-9644-2009 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB 925]; Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging; Joachim Herz Stiftung; German Economy Foundation FX We acknowledge support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through the SFB 925 and the Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, and from the Landesexzellenzinitiative Hamburg, which is supported by the Joachim Herz Stiftung. M.N. acknowledges support from the German Economy Foundation. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 20 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 4 AR 043626 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.91.043626 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CG2RE UT WOS:000353121400006 ER PT J AU Poshakinskiy, AV Poddubny, AN Hafezi, M AF Poshakinskiy, A. V. Poddubny, A. N. Hafezi, M. TI Phase spectroscopy of topological invariants in photonic crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BANDS AB We propose a method of measuring topological invariants of a photonic crystal through phase spectroscopy. We show how the Chern numbers can be deduced from the winding numbers of the reflection coefficient phase. An explicit proof of the existence of edge states in a system with a nonzero reflection phase winding number is given. The method is illustrated for one- and two-dimensional photonic crystals of nontrivial topology. C1 [Poshakinskiy, A. V.; Poddubny, A. N.] AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Hafezi, M.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hafezi, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hafezi, M.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Poshakinskiy, AV (reprint author), AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, Politekhnicheskaya 26, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. EM poshakinskiy@mail.ioffe.ru RI Poddubny, Alexander/O-2307-2013; Hafezi, Mohammad/A-1197-2008; Poshakinskiy, Alexander/E-7530-2017 OI Poddubny, Alexander/0000-0002-4009-5070; Hafezi, Mohammad/0000-0003-1679-4880; FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [15-32-20866]; "Dynasty" Foundation; NSF PFC at the Joint Quantum Institute; MURI-ARO; AFOSR; [MK-6029.2014.2] FX The authors acknowledge fruitful discussions with E. L. Ivchenko and S. Ganeshan. This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research Grant No. 15-32-20866, Russian President Grant No. MK-6029.2014.2 and the "Dynasty" Foundation. M.H. acknowledges the support of NSF PFC at the Joint Quantum Institute, MURI-ARO and AFOSR. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 20 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 4 AR 043830 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.91.043830 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CG2RE UT WOS:000353121400009 ER PT J AU Laverock, J Kuyyalil, J Chen, B Singh, RP Karlin, B Woicik, JC Balakrishnan, G Smith, KE AF Laverock, J. Kuyyalil, J. Chen, B. Singh, R. P. Karlin, B. Woicik, J. C. Balakrishnan, G. Smith, K. E. TI Enhanced electron correlations at the SrxCa1-xVO3 surface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHOTOEMISSION; DIFFRACTION; CA1-XSRXVO3; PEROVSKITE; INTERFACE; SPECTRA; RANGE AB We report hard x-ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements of the electronic structure of the prototypical correlated oxide SrxCa1-xVO3. By comparing spectra recorded at different excitation energies, we show that 2.2 keV photoelectrons contain a substantial surface component, whereas 4.2 keV photoelectrons originate essentially from the bulk of the sample. Bulk-sensitive measurements of the O 2p valence band are found to be in good agreement with ab initio calculations of the electronic structure, with some modest adjustments to the orbital-dependent photoionization cross sections. The evolution of the O 2p electronic structure as a function of the Sr content is dominated by A-site hybridization. Near the Fermi level, the correlated V 3d Hubbard bands are found to evolve in both binding energy and spectral weight as a function of distance from the vacuum interface, revealing higher correlation at the surface than in the bulk. C1 [Laverock, J.; Kuyyalil, J.; Chen, B.; Smith, K. E.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Singh, R. P.; Balakrishnan, G.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Karlin, B.; Woicik, J. C.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Smith, K. E.] Univ Auckland, Sch Chem Sci, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Smith, K. E.] Univ Auckland, MacDiarmid Inst Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. RP Laverock, J (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RI Laverock, Jude/G-4537-2010; Balakrishnan, Geetha/P-5977-2016; Chen, Bo/C-5428-2017 OI Laverock, Jude/0000-0003-3653-8171; Balakrishnan, Geetha/0000-0002-5890-1149; Chen, Bo/0000-0002-9263-5171 FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-98ER45680]; Boston University/University of Warwick collaboration fund; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Institute of Standards and Technology; EPSRC [EP/I007210/1] FX The Boston University program is supported in part by the Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG02-98ER45680. This work is also supported in part by the Boston University/University of Warwick collaboration fund. The National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven, is supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Additional support was provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. G.B. gratefully acknowledges financial support from EPSRC Grant No. EP/I007210/1. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 20 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 16 AR 165123 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.165123 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CG2SO UT WOS:000353125400001 ER PT J AU Hawkyard, M Laurel, B Barr, Y Hamre, K Langdon, C AF Hawkyard, Matt Laurel, Ben Barr, Yoav Hamre, Kristin Langdon, Chris TI Evaluation of liposomes for the enrichment of rotifers (Brachionus sp.) with taurine and their subsequent effects on the growth and development of northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) larvae SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Taurine; Liposomes; Microparticles; Rotifers; Enrichment; Fish larvae ID WATER-SOLUBLE NUTRIENTS; MARINE FISH; JAPANESE FLOUNDER; ATLANTIC SALMON; ARTEMIA-NAUPLII; PARTICLE-SIZE; SUPPLEMENTATION; METABOLISM; METHIONINE; NUTRITION AB The naturally occurring taurine concentrations of rotifers (Brachionus sp.) may not be sufficient to meet the nutritional demands of several species of marine fish larvae. In this study, we evaluated the use of liposomes for taurine-enrichment of rotifers and compared them with standard methods in which taurine was dissolved in the rotifer enrichment water i.e., the "dissolved method". Each enrichment method was further evaluated by determining the growth performance of northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) larvae fed on the taurine-enriched rotifers. Results indicated that rotifers enriched with taurine-containing liposomes obtained approximately 1.2% taurine on a dry weight basis, similar to the upper concentrations reported in wild copepods and approximately 10-fold higher than in control rotifers. Northern rock sole larvae grew significantly larger, were more developed and had higher whole body taurine concentrations when fed rotifers enriched with taurine-containing liposomes, compared to larvae fed either unenriched rotifers or rotifers enriched with equivalent concentrations of taurine using the dissolved method. The dissolved method required 60 x more taurine to achieve rotifer enrichment levels and larval growth performance observed using the liposome-enrichment method. Fluorescent markers indicated that rotifers were able to break down liposomes, liberating water-soluble nutrients into their guts and body cavity. Differences and similarities are discussed between the efficacy of liposomes and previously studied wax spray beads (WSB) for rotifer enrichment and subsequent nutritional effects on fish larvae. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hawkyard, Matt; Langdon, Chris] Oregon State Univ, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Hawkyard, Matt; Langdon, Chris] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Laurel, Ben] NOAA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Hamre, Kristin] Natl Inst Nutr & Seafood Res NIFES, N-5006 Bergen, Norway. RP Hawkyard, M (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Hawkyard@onid.orst.edu RI Hamre, Kristin/D-3477-2012 OI Hamre, Kristin/0000-0002-8302-3827 FU Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2012-67015-19454] FX This work was supported by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2012-67015-19454 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. We are grateful for all of the help and assistance provided by researchers and technicians at the NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center and for the use of facilities and resources at the Hatfield Marine Science Center. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD APR 20 PY 2015 VL 441 BP 118 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.02.012 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CD8AQ UT WOS:000351318000016 ER PT J AU Devineni, N Lall, U Etienne, E Shi, D Xi, C AF Devineni, Naresh Lall, Upmanu Etienne, Elius Shi, Daniel Xi, Chen TI America's water risk: Current demand and climate variability SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE America's water; climate variability; water risk; water demand; cumulative deficit; water trading ID UNITED-STATES; RESOURCES; DROUGHT AB A new indicator of drought-induced water stress is introduced and applied at the county level in the USA. Unlike most existing drought metrics, we directly consider current daily water demands and renewable daily water supply to estimate the potential stress. Water stress indices developed include the Normalized Deficit Cumulated to represent multiyear droughts by computing the maximum cumulative deficit between demand and supply over the study period (1949-2009) and the Normalized Deficit Index representing drought associated with maximum cumulative deficit each year. These water stress indices map directly to storage requirements needed to buffer multiyear and within-year climate variability and can reveal the dependence on exogenous water transferred by rivers/canals to the area. Future climate change and variability can be also incorporated into this framework to inform climate-driven drought for additional storage development and potential applications of water trading across counties. C1 [Devineni, Naresh; Etienne, Elius] CUNY, NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Lall, Upmanu] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, Columbia Water Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Shi, Daniel] Columbia Univ, Dept Econ & Math, Columbia Coll, New York, NY USA. [Xi, Chen] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Devineni, N (reprint author), CUNY, NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM ndevineni@ccny.cuny.edu RI Lall, Upmanu/B-7992-2009 OI Lall, Upmanu/0000-0003-0529-8128 FU Veolia Water and Growing Blue; NSF [1360446]; PSC-CUNY [67832-00 45]; NOAA-CREST-Cooperative agreement [NA11SEC4810004] FX This research was supported by (a) Veolia Water and Growing Blue, (b) NSF grant 1360446 (Water Sustainability and Climate Category 3), (c) PSC-CUNY award 67832-00 45, and (d) NOAA-CREST-Cooperative agreement NA11SEC4810004. The statements contained within the manuscript/research article are not the opinions of the funding agency or the U.S. government but reflect the author's opinions. Data used for computing the water stress indices are available from (a) National Agricultural Statistics Survey (NASS: http://www.nass.usda.gov), (b) USGS Water Use (http://water.usgs.gov/watuse/), and (c) Climate data available at http://www.engr.scu.edu/similar to emaurer/gridded_obs/index_gridded_obs.html. Data on the water stress indices are available on request from the authors. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 7 BP 2285 EP 2293 DI 10.1002/2015GL063487 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CH4FL UT WOS:000353988700028 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Zhang, G Peng, MS Chen, JH Lin, SJ AF Wang, Zhuo Zhang, Gan Peng, Melinda S. Chen, Jan-Huey Lin, Shian-Jiann TI Predictability of Atlantic tropical cyclones in the GFDL HiRAM model SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE predictability of Atlantic tropical cyclones; regional Hadley circulation; seasonal prediction ID HURRICANE ACTIVITY; EL-NINO; VARIABILITY; CLIMATOLOGY; SIMULATIONS; MECHANISMS; INCREASE; TRACKS AB The hindcasts of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) High-Resolution Atmospheric Model (HiRAM), which skillfully predicted the interannual variability of Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) frequency, were analyzed to investigate what key circulation systems a model must capture in order to skillfully predict TCs. The HiRAM reproduced the leading empirical orthogonal function mode (M1) of the interannual variability of the Atlantic Hadley circulation and its impacts on environmental conditions. M1 represents the variability of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) intensity and width, and the predictability of Atlantic TCs can be explained by the lag correlation between M1 and SST in preceding months. Although the ITCZ displacement was not well predicted by the HiRAM hindcasts, it does not affect the prediction of the basin-wide hurricane count. The analyses suggest that the leading mode of the variability of the regional Hadley circulation can serve as a useful metric to evaluate the performance of global models in TC seasonal prediction. C1 [Wang, Zhuo; Zhang, Gan] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61820 USA. [Peng, Melinda S.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Chen, Jan-Huey] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lin, Shian-Jiann] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Wang, Z (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61820 USA. EM zhuowang@illinois.edu RI Zhang, Gan/C-5932-2016 OI Zhang, Gan/0000-0002-7323-3409 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1118429]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-1-0446] FX The ERA-Interim reanalysis is available from the NCAR CISL Research Data Archive, and the HURDAT2 data are available at http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/Data_Storm.html. This work is supported by the National Science Foundation grant AGS-1118429 and the Office of Naval Research grant N00014-11-1-0446. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 7 BP 2547 EP 2554 DI 10.1002/2015GL063587 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CH4FL UT WOS:000353988700060 ER PT J AU Prigent, C Liang, P Tian, Y Aires, F Moncet, JL Boukabara, SA AF Prigent, C. Liang, P. Tian, Y. Aires, F. Moncet, J. -L. Boukabara, S. A. TI Evaluation of modeled microwave land surface emissivities with satellite-based estimates SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE microwave emissivity ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; SYSTEM; VALIDATION AB An accurate estimate of the microwave surface emissivity is necessary for the retrieval of atmospheric quantities from microwave imagers or sounders. The objective of this study is to evaluate the microwave land surface emissivity modeling of the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM), providing quantitative statistic information for further model improvements. First, the model-simulated emissivity is compared to emissivity estimates derived from satellite observations (TELSEM, Tool to Estimate Land Surface Emissivities at Microwaves). The model simulations agree reasonably well with TELSEM over snow-free vegetated areas, especially at vertical polarization up to 40GHz. For snow-free surfaces, the mean difference between CRTM and TELSEM emissivities at vertical polarization is lower than 0.01 below 40GHz and increases to 0.02 at 89GHz. At horizontal polarization, it increases with frequency, from 0.01 at 10.6GHz to 0.04 at 89GHz. Over deserts and snow, larger differences are observed, which can be due to the lack of quality inputs to the model in these complex environments. A further evaluation is provided by comparing brightness temperature (Tbs) simulations with AMSR-E observations, where CRTM emissivity and TELSEM emissivity are coupled into a comprehensive radiative transfer model to simulate the brightness temperatures, respectively. The comparison shows smaller RMS errors with the satellite-derived estimates than with the model, despite some significant bias at midday with the satellite-derived emissivities at high frequencies. This study confirms and extends to the global scale previous evaluations of land surface microwave emissivity model. It emphasizes the needs for better physical modeling in arid regions and over snow-covered surfaces. Key Points C1 [Prigent, C.] Observ Paris, Lab Etudes Rayonnement & Matiere Astrophys, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France. [Prigent, C.] Estellus, Paris, France. [Liang, P.; Moncet, J. -L.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [Tian, Y.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Tian, Y.] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Aires, F.] Estellus, Lab Etude Rayonnement & Matiere Astrophy, Paris, France. [Aires, F.] Observ Paris, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France. [Boukabara, S. A.] NOAA, Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD USA. RP Prigent, C (reprint author), Observ Paris, Lab Etudes Rayonnement & Matiere Astrophys, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France. EM catherine.prigent@obspm.fr RI Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/F-5577-2010; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015 OI Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/0000-0002-1857-3806; FU NASA/NOAA [NNH12CD07C] FX This study has been supported by a NASA/NOAA contract NNH12CD07C "Development of a common, consistent infrared and microwave emissivity database for use as a priori in the JCSDA." We are very grateful to Fuzong Weng for interesting discussions and suggestions. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their careful reading of the paper and their constructive comments. The modeled emissivity data set is available at http://lis.gsfc.nasa.gov/PMM/le/ and the satellite-derived emissivity (TELSEM) at http://www.estellus.fr/index.php?static12/microwave-emissivity. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 16 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 7 BP 2706 EP 2718 DI 10.1002/2014JD021817 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG6LY UT WOS:000353413800008 ER PT J AU Liao, J Froyd, KD Murphy, DM Keutsch, FN Yu, G Wennberg, PO St Clair, JM Crounse, JD Wisthaler, A Mikoviny, T Jimenez, JL Campuzano-Jost, P Day, DA Hu, WW Ryerson, TB Pollack, IB Peischl, J Anderson, BE Ziemba, LD Blake, DR Meinardi, S Diskin, G AF Liao, Jin Froyd, Karl D. Murphy, Daniel M. Keutsch, Frank N. Yu, Ge Wennberg, Paul O. St. Clair, Jason M. Crounse, John D. Wisthaler, Armin Mikoviny, Tomas Jimenez, Jose L. Campuzano-Jost, Pedro Day, Douglas A. Hu, Weiwei Ryerson, Thomas B. Pollack, Ilana B. Peischl, Jeff Anderson, Bruce E. Ziemba, Luke D. Blake, Donald R. Meinardi, Simone Diskin, Glenn TI Airborne measurements of organosulfates over the continental US SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE organosulfate; IEPOX sulfate; glycolic acid sulfate; free troposphere aerosols; aerosol acidity; relative humidity ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; ISOPRENE-DERIVED ORGANOSULFATES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AMBIENT AEROSOL; AQUEOUS PHOTOOXIDATION; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; REACTIVE UPTAKE; GLYCOLALDEHYDE; PRODUCTS; ACIDS AB Organosulfates are important secondary organic aerosol (SOA) components and good tracers for aerosol heterogeneous reactions. However, the knowledge of their spatial distribution, formation conditions, and environmental impact is limited. In this study, we report two organosulfates, an isoprene-derived isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) (2,3-epoxy-2-methyl-1,4-butanediol) sulfate and a glycolic acid (GA) sulfate, measured using the NOAA Particle Analysis Laser Mass Spectrometer (PALMS) on board the NASA DC8 aircraft over the continental U.S. during the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry Experiment (DC3) and the Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds, and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS). During these campaigns, IEPOX sulfate was estimated to account for 1.4% of submicron aerosol mass (or 2.2% of organic aerosol mass) on average near the ground in the southeast U.S., with lower concentrations in the western U.S. (0.2-0.4%) and at high altitudes (<0.2%). Compared to IEPOX sulfate, GA sulfate was more uniformly distributed, accounting for about 0.5% aerosol mass on average, and may be more abundant globally. A number of other organosulfates were detected; none were as abundant as these two. Ambient measurements confirmed that IEPOX sulfate is formed from isoprene oxidation and is a tracer for isoprene SOA formation. The organic precursors of GA sulfate may include glycolic acid and likely have both biogenic and anthropogenic sources. Higher aerosol acidity as measured by PALMS and relative humidity tend to promote IEPOX sulfate formation, and aerosol acidity largely drives in situ GA sulfate formation at high altitudes. This study suggests that the formation of aerosol organosulfates depends not only on the appropriate organic precursors but also on emissions of anthropogenic sulfur dioxide (SO2), which contributes to aerosol acidity. Key Points C1 [Liao, Jin; Froyd, Karl D.; Murphy, Daniel M.; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Pollack, Ilana B.; Peischl, Jeff] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Liao, Jin; Froyd, Karl D.; Jimenez, Jose L.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Hu, Weiwei; Pollack, Ilana B.; Peischl, Jeff] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Keutsch, Frank N.; Yu, Ge] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wennberg, Paul O.; St. Clair, Jason M.; Crounse, John D.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wennberg, Paul O.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wisthaler, Armin; Mikoviny, Tomas] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ionenphys & Angew Phys, Innsbruck, Austria. [Jimenez, Jose L.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Hu, Weiwei] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, Bruce E.; Ziemba, Luke D.; Diskin, Glenn] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Blake, Donald R.; Meinardi, Simone] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Liao, J (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jin.liao@noaa.gov RI Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Hu, Weiwei/C-7892-2014; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014 OI Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X FU NASA [NNH12AT29I, NNH12AT30I]; NOAA; National Science Foundation [CHE-1213723] FX The majority of the study is supported by the NASA grant NNH12AT29I from the Upper Atmosphere Research Program, Radiation Sciences Program, and Tropospheric Chemistry Program and by NOAA base funding. The GA sulfate standard is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant CHE-1213723. IEPOX and ISOPOOH measurements were supported by NASA NNX12AC06G. PTR-MS measurements were supported by BMVIT/FFG-ALR (Austrian Space Applications Programme, ASAP), the NASA Postdoctoral Program (NPP), and the National Institute of Aerospace (NIA). NO and O3 measurements were supported by NASA grant NNH12AT30I. AMS measurements were supported by NASA NNX12AC03G, NSF AGS-1243354, and NOAA NA13OAR4310063. We thank Barbara Ervens at NOAA and University of Colorado, Boulder for helpful discussion. We also would like to thank all the NASA DC8 crew for their assistance to integrate, maintain, and deintegrate the instrument on the airplane. The data are publicly available at NASA data achieve https://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/ArcView/dc3-seac4rs and http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/missions/seac4rs/index.html. The analysis results are available upon requested from jin.liao@noaa.gov and karl.froyd@noaa.gov. NR 77 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 12 U2 76 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 16 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 7 BP 2990 EP 3005 DI 10.1002/2014JD022378 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG6LY UT WOS:000353413800024 ER PT J AU Manna, P Jimenez, R AF Manna, Premashis Jimenez, Ralph TI Time and Frequency-Domain Measurement of Ground-State Recovery Times in Red Fluorescent Proteins SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CIS-TRANS PHOTOISOMERIZATION; SUPERRESOLUTION MICROSCOPY; CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; STRUCTURAL BASIS; DARK STATES; CHROMOPHORE; DRONPA; ISOMERIZATION; EXCITATION; DYNAMICS AB The field of bioimaging and biosensors has been revolutionized by the discovery of fluorescent proteins (FPs) and their use in live cells. FPs are characterized with rich photodynamics due to the presence of nonfluorescent or dark states which are responsible for fluorescence intermittency or blinking, which has been exploited in several localization-based super-resolution techniques that surpass the diffraction-limited resolution of conventional microscopy. Molecules that convert to these dark states recover to the ground states either spontaneously or upon absorption of another photon, depending on the particular FP and the structural transition that is involved. In this work, we demonstrate time- and frequency-domain methods for the measurement of the ground-state recovery (GSR) times of FPs both in live cells and in solutions. In the time-domain method, we excited the sample with millisecond pulses at varying dark times to obtain percent-recovery. In the frequency-domain method, dark-state hysteresis was employed to obtain the positive phase shift or phase advance. We extracted the GSR time constants from our measurements using calculations and simulations based on a three-state model system. The GSR time constants of the red FPs studied in these experiments fall in the range from mu s to msec time-scales. We find that the time- and frequency-domain techniques are complementary to each other. While accurate GSR times can be extracted from the time-domain technique, frequency-domain measurements are primarily sensitive to the rates of dark-state conversion (DSC) processes. A correlation between GSR times, DSC, and photobleaching rates for the red FPs mCherry, TagRFP-T, and Kriek were observed. These time- and frequency-domain methods can be used in high-throughput screening and sorting of FPs clones based on GSR time constant and photostability and will therefore be valuable for the development of new photoswitchable or photoactivatable FPs. C1 [Manna, Premashis; Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Manna, Premashis; Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Manna, Premashis; Jimenez, Ralph] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Jimenez, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, 215 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rjimenez@jila.colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) Physics Frontier Center at JILA FX The work presented here was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Physics Frontier Center at JILA. We thank Amy Palmer, Kevin Dean, Felix Vietmeyer, and Brett Fiedler for helpful discussions. R.J. is a staff member in the Quantum Physics Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Experimental equipment and reagents identified within this paper are provided so that this work may be replicated elsewhere and are not recommended or endorsed by NIST. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 16 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 15 BP 4944 EP 4954 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b00950 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CG4IS UT WOS:000353249400005 PM 25781915 ER PT J AU MacNeil, MA Graham, NAJ Cinner, JE Wilson, SK Williams, ID Maina, J Newman, S Friedlander, AM Jupiter, S Polunin, NVC McClanahan, TR AF MacNeil, M. Aaron Graham, Nicholas A. J. Cinner, Joshua E. Wilson, Shaun K. Williams, Ivor D. Maina, Joseph Newman, Steven Friedlander, Alan M. Jupiter, Stacy Polunin, Nicholas V. C. McClanahan, Tim R. TI Recovery potential of the world's coral reef fishes SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; UNDERWATER VISUAL CENSUS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIOMASS; COMMUNITIES; RESILIENCE; OCEAN; RATES; POPULATIONS; RESERVES AB Continuing degradation of coral reef ecosystems has generated substantial interest in how management can support reef resilience(1,2). Fishing is the primary source of diminished reef function globally(3-5), leading to widespread calls for additional marine reserves to recover fish biomass and restore key ecosystem functions(6). Yet there are no established baselines for determining when these conservation objectives have been met or whether alternative management strategies provide similar ecosystem benefits. Here we establish empirical conservation benchmarks and fish biomass recovery timelines against which coral reefs can be assessed and managed by studying the recovery potential of more than 800 coral reefs along an exploitation gradient. We show that resident reef fish biomass in the absence of fishing (B-0) averages similar to 1,000 kg ha(-1), and that the vast majority (83%) of fished reefs are missing more than half their expected biomass, with severe consequences for key ecosystem functions such as predation. Given protection from fishing, reef fish biomass has the potential to recover within 35 years on average and less than 60 years when heavily depleted. Notably, alternative fisheries restrictions are largely (64%) successful at maintaining biomass above 50% of B-0, sustaining key functions such as herbivory. Our results demonstrate that crucial ecosystem functions can be maintained through a range of fisheries restrictions, allowing coral reef managers to develop recovery plans that meet conservation and livelihood objectives in areas where marine reserves are not socially or politically feasible solutions. C1 [MacNeil, M. Aaron] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [MacNeil, M. Aaron] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. [MacNeil, M. Aaron; Graham, Nicholas A. J.; Cinner, Joshua E.] James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Wilson, Shaun K.] Dept Pk & Wildlife, Perth, WA 6151, Australia. [Wilson, Shaun K.] Univ Western Australia, Oceans Inst, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Williams, Ivor D.] NOAA, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Maina, Joseph] Univ Queensland, Australian Res Council, CEED, St Lucia, Qld 4074, Australia. [Maina, Joseph; Jupiter, Stacy; McClanahan, Tim R.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Marine Programs, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Newman, Steven; Polunin, Nicholas V. C.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Friedlander, Alan M.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Biol, Fisheries Ecol Res Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Friedlander, Alan M.] Pristine Seas Natl Geog, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP MacNeil, MA (reprint author), Australian Inst Marine Sci, PMB 3 Townsville MC, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. EM a.macneil@aims.gov.au RI Graham, Nicholas/C-8360-2014; CSTFA, ResearcherID/P-1067-2014; MacNeil, M. Aaron/E-8196-2017; OI MacNeil, M. Aaron/0000-0001-8406-325X; McClanahan, Timothy/0000-0001-5821-3584; Jupiter, Stacy/0000-0001-9742-1677; Cinner, Joshua/0000-0003-2675-9317 FU Australian Institute of Marine Science; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation FX We thank M. Emslie, A. Cheal, J. Wetherall, C. Hutchery and K. Anthony for comments on early drafts of the manuscript. The Australian Institute of Marine Science, the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation supported this research. NR 40 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 28 U2 139 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 16 PY 2015 VL 520 IS 7547 BP 341 EP + DI 10.1038/nature14358 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CG0RI UT WOS:000352974200037 PM 25855298 ER PT J AU Cai, L Toulouse, J Harriger, L Downing, RG Boatner, LA AF Cai, Ling Toulouse, Jean Harriger, Leland Downing, R. Gregory Boatner, L. A. TI Origin of the crossover between a freezing and a structural transition at low concentration in the relaxor ferroelectric K1-xLixTaO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-DIPOLE SYSTEM; CRITICAL SLOWING-DOWN; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; KTAO3-LI; LI; DISPERSION; DYNAMICS; STATE; GLASS AB The origin of the relaxor behavior in K1-xLixTaO3 (KLT) and other disordered perovskites is now recognized to be due to the reorientation of the polar nanodomains formed by the correlated dipoles of off-center ions. The collective dynamics of these systems evolve through several temperature stages. On decreasing temperature below the so-called Burns temperature T-B, individual dipoles become correlated within nanosized regions. On further cooling, the slow dynamics of these polar regions allows local lattice distortions to take place and the formation of polar nanodomains at T* < T-B. At still lower temperature, some relaxors undergo a phase transition while others do not. In KLT, there is a critical Li concentration x(c) = 0.022 above which the system undergoes a structural transition at T-c, and below which it freezes in a dipole glass state at T-f. To better understand the nature of this critical concentration, the changes that occur upon crossing it and the nature of the dipole glass state, the collective dynamics of KLT have been studied by dielectric spectroscopy and neutron diffraction for two Li concentrations (x = 0.026 and 0.018), close to but straddling the critical concentration x(c). Two very different transitional behaviors are observed. Just below this critical concentration, KLT displays critical slowing down and the onset of freezing as seen in hydrogen-bonded molecular ferroelectrics, while just above this concentration, KLT undergoes a first-order structural transition. C1 [Cai, Ling; Toulouse, Jean] Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Harriger, Leland; Downing, R. Gregory] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Boatner, L. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Radiat Detect Mat & Syst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cai, L (reprint author), Corning Inc, Div Sci & Technol, Corning, NY 14831 USA. RI Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 16 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 13 AR 134106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.134106 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CG0TP UT WOS:000352983700002 ER PT J AU Maghrebi, MF Reid, MTH AF Maghrebi, M. F. Reid, M. T. H. TI Entanglement Entropy of Dispersive Media from Thermodynamic Entropy in One Higher Dimension SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A dispersive medium becomes entangled with zero-point fluctuations in the vacuum. We consider an arbitrary array of material bodies weakly interacting with a quantum field and compute the quantum mutual information between them. It is shown that the mutual information in D dimensions can be mapped to classical thermodynamic entropy in D + 1 dimensions. As a specific example, we compute the mutual information both analytically and numerically for a range of separation distances between two bodies in D = 2 dimensions and find a logarithmic correction to the area law at short separations. A key advantage of our method is that it allows the strong subadditivity property to be easily verified. C1 [Maghrebi, M. F.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Maghrebi, M. F.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Reid, M. T. H.] MIT, Dept Math, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Maghrebi, MF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM magrebi@umd.edu FU NSF PFC at JQI; NSF PIF; ARO; ARL; AFOSR; AFOSR MURI FX We thank Frank Wilczek for many stimulating discussions especially regarding the strong subadditivity property. We acknowledge useful discussions with R. L. Jaffe, M. Kardar, A. Gorshkov, M. Hertzberg, B. Swingle, E. Tonni, and J. Sonner. This work was supported by NSF PFC at JQI, NSF PIF, ARO, ARL, AFOSR, and AFOSR MURI. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2015 VL 114 IS 15 AR 151602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.151602 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CG0VT UT WOS:000352990700002 PM 25933307 ER PT J AU Bejarano, AC Mearns, AJ AF Bejarano, Adriana C. Mearns, Alan J. TI Improving environmental assessments by integrating Species Sensitivity Distributions into environmental modeling: Examples with two hypothetical oil spills SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Trajectory modeling; General NOAA Oil Modeling Environment; Species Sensitivity Distributions; Proportion of species affected; Chemical dispersants; Oil spill ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; AQUATIC TOXICITY; DISPERSANT USE; HYDROCARBONS; PETROLEUM; FRACTION; FISH AB A three dimensional (3D) trajectory model was used to simulate oil mass balance and environmental concentrations of two 795,000 L hypothetical oil spills modeled under physical and chemical dispersion scenarios. Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSD) for Total Hydrocarbon Concentrations (THCs) were developed, and Hazard Concentrations (HC) used as levels of concern. Potential consequences to entrained water column organisms were characterized by comparing model outputs with SSDs, and obtaining the proportion of species affected (PSA) and areas with oil concentrations exceeding HC5s (Area(>= HC5)). Under the physically-dispersed oil scenario <= 77% of the oil remains on the water surface and strands on shorelines, while with the chemically-dispersed oil scenario <= 67% of the oil is entrained in the water column. For every 10% increase in chemical dispersion effectiveness, the average PSA and Area(>= HC5) increases (range: 0.01-0.06 and 0.50-2.9 km(2), respectively), while shoreline oiling decreases (<= 2919 L/km). Integrating SSDs into modeling may improve understanding of scales of potential impacts to water column organisms, while providing net environmental benefit comparison of oil spill response options. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bejarano, Adriana C.] Res Planning Inc, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. [Mearns, Alan J.] NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Bejarano, AC (reprint author), Res Planning Inc, 1121 Pk St, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. EM abejarano@researchplanning.com FU NOAA; University of New Hampshire's Coastal Response Research Center [13-034] FX This research was made possible by a grant from NOAA and the University of New Hampshire's Coastal Response Research Center (Contract No. 13-034) to Research Planning, Inc. None of these results have been reviewed by CRRC and no endorsement should be inferred. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR 15 PY 2015 VL 93 IS 1-2 BP 172 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.01.022 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CH0ST UT WOS:000353733400031 PM 25736814 ER PT J AU Towle, EK Enochs, IC Langdon, C AF Towle, Erica K. Enochs, Ian C. Langdon, Chris TI Threatened Caribbean Coral Is Able to Mitigate the Adverse Effects of Ocean Acidification on Calcification by Increasing Feeding Rate SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID 2 SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; CO2 PARTIAL-PRESSURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ACROPORA-CERVICORNIS; MORTALITY RISK; CARBONIC-ACID; ELEVATED CO2; FATTY-ACIDS; FLORIDA; REEF AB Global climate change threatens coral growth and reef ecosystem health via ocean warming and ocean acidification (OA). Whereas the negative impacts of these stressors are increasingly well-documented, studies identifying pathways to resilience are still poorly understood. Heterotrophy has been shown to help corals experiencing decreases in growth due to either thermal or OA stress; however, the mechanism by which it mitigates these decreases remains unclear. This study tested the ability of coral heterotrophy to mitigate reductions in growth due to climate change stress in the critically endangered Caribbean coral Acropora cervicornis via changes in feeding rate and lipid content. Corals were either fed or unfed and exposed to elevated temperature (30 degrees C), enriched pCO(2) (800 ppm), or both (30 degrees C/800 ppm) as compared to a control (26 degrees C/390 ppm) for 8 weeks. Feeding rate and lipid content both increased in corals experiencing OA vs. present-day conditions, and were significantly correlated. Fed corals were able to maintain ambient growth rates at both elevated temperature and elevated CO2, while unfed corals experienced significant decreases in growth with respect to fed conspecifics. Our results show for the first time that a threatened coral species can buffer OA-reduced calcification by increasing feeding rates and lipid content. C1 [Towle, Erica K.; Enochs, Ian C.; Langdon, Chris] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Enochs, Ian C.] NOAA, AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Towle, EK (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM etowle@rsmas.miami.edu RI Enochs, Ian/B-8051-2014 OI Enochs, Ian/0000-0002-8867-0361 FU MOTE Marine Laboratories "Protect Our Reefs" Grant [POR-2012-22]; Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund [12054710] FX This study was supported by MOTE Marine Laboratories "Protect Our Reefs" Grant (#POR-2012-22) to EKT (http://mote.org/support/protect-our-reefs) and by the Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund (#12054710) to EKT (http://www.speciesconservation.org/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 8 U2 72 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 15 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 4 AR e0123394 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0123394 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CG1EL UT WOS:000353015800096 PM 25874963 ER PT J AU Wanninkhof, R Barbero, L Byrne, R Cai, WJ Huang, WJ Zhang, JZ Baringer, M Langdon, C AF Wanninkhof, Rik Barbero, Leticia Byrne, Robert Cai, Wei-Jun Huang, Wei-Jen Zhang, Jia-Zhong Baringer, Molly Langdon, Chris TI Ocean acidification along the Gulf Coast and East Coast of the USA SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ocean acidification; Inorganic carbon system; Coastal ocean; Northern Gulf of Mexico; East Coast ID SEAWATER PH MEASUREMENTS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; INORGANIC CARBON; OF-MEXICO; CRESOL PURPLE; SYSTEM; CO2; ARAGONITE; STATES; WATER AB As part of an effort to monitor changes in inorganic carbon chemistry of the coastal ocean, near-synoptic cruises are being conducted in the Northern Gulf of Mexico and along the East Coast of the United States. Here we describe observations obtained on a cruise in the summer of 2012 and compare them with results from a cruise following a similar track in 2007. The focus is on describing spatial patterns of aragonite saturation state (Omega(Ar)). This parameter is an indicator of ecosystem health, in particular for calcifying organisms. The results show large-scale regional trends from different source waters at the northeastern and southwestern edges of the domain, along with the modulating effects of remineralization/respiration and riverine inputs. The broader patterns and changes over five years along the coast can be well described by the impacts of large-scale circulation, notably changes in source water contributions. Changes in the well-buffered Loop Current and Gulf Stream with high Omega(Ar) impact the waters in the southern part of the study area. The less buffered southward coastal currents with low Omega(Ar) originating from the Labrador Sea and Gulf of St. Lawrence impact the Omega(Ar) patterns in the Northern regions. The expected 2% average decrease in Omega(Ar) in the surface mixed layer due to increasing atmospheric CO2 levels over the 5-year period is largely overshadowed by local and regional variability from changes in hydrography and mixed layer dynamics. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). C1 [Wanninkhof, Rik; Barbero, Leticia; Zhang, Jia-Zhong; Baringer, Molly] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Barbero, Leticia] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Byrne, Robert] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Cai, Wei-Jun; Huang, Wei-Jen] Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Langdon, Chris] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Wanninkhof, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM rik.wanninkhof@noaa.gov RI Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012; Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008; Barbero, Leticia/B-5237-2011; Cai, Wei-Jun/C-1361-2013 OI Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194; Zhang, Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556; Barbero, Leticia/0000-0002-8858-5247; Cai, Wei-Jun/0000-0003-3606-8325 FU NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) part of the NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR); Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) part of the NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) FX We express sincere thanks to participating scientists, captain, officers and the crew of the NOAA ship Ronald H. Brown for their assistance in carrying out the GOMECC-2 cruise. Support from the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) and the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), both part of the NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) is gratefully acknowledged. Joaquin Trinanes of University of Santiago de Compostela and NOAA Coastwatch provided the remotely sensed and model data in Appendix A. NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 10 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD APR 15 PY 2015 VL 98 BP 54 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2015.02.008 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CG2FO UT WOS:000353090500005 ER PT J AU Liang, YX Neta, P Simon-Manso, Y Stein, SE AF Liang, Yuxue Neta, Pedatsur Simon-Manso, Yamil Stein, Stephen E. TI Reaction of arylium ions with the collision gas N-2 in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM QUADRUPOLE FRAGMENTATION; PRESSURE CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; INDUCED DISSOCIATION; MOLECULE REACTIONS; ADDUCT FORMATION; PHASE REACTIONS; RESIDUAL WATER; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PRODUCT IONS; SELECTIVITY AB RATIONALE: The tandem mass spectra of many compounds contained peaks which could not have arisen from the precursor ion. Such peaks were found to be due to reaction of arylium ions with N-2 in the collision cell. Therefore, this reaction was studied in detail with representative compounds. METHODS: Various classes of compounds were dissolved in acetonitrile/water/formic acid and studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to record their MS2 and pseudo-MS3 spectra in a QqQ mass spectrometer and their accurate m/z values in an Orbitrap Elite instrument. Arylium ions were found to react with N-2 in the collision cell. The reaction was confirmed by pseudo-MS3 studies, by comparison with authentic diazonium ions, and by the pressure dependence of the product ion survival yield. RESULTS: Reactions of arylium ions with N-2 were observed with p-toluenesulfonic acid, o-toluenesulfonamide, phenylphosphonic acid, phenol, aniline, aminonaphthalenes, benzoic acid, benzophenone, and other compounds. By using a QqQ mass spectrometer, we observed that the protonated compounds produce arylium ions, which then react with N-2 to form diazonium ions. The diazonium ion was produced with N-2 but not with Ar in the collision cell, and its abundance increased with increasing N-2 pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Arylium ions generated from a wide variety of compounds in electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry may react with N-2 to form diazonium ions. The abundance of the diazonium ions is affected by collision energy and N-2 pressure. This reaction should be considered when annotating peaks in MS/MS libraries. Published in 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Liang, Yuxue; Neta, Pedatsur; Simon-Manso, Yamil; Stein, Stephen E.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Liang, YX (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yuxue.liang@nist.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD APR 15 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 7 BP 629 EP 636 DI 10.1002/rcm.7147 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA CD3QD UT WOS:000350993400009 PM 26212280 ER PT J AU Sunday, DF Ashley, E Wan, L Patel, KC Ruiz, R Kline, RJ AF Sunday, Daniel F. Ashley, Elizabeth Wan, Lei Patel, Kanaiyalal C. Ruiz, Ricardo Kline, R. Joseph TI Template-Polymer Commensurability and Directed Self-Assembly Block Copolymer Lithography SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE block copolymers; lithography; SAXS; self-assembly ID SEQUENTIAL INFILTRATION SYNTHESIS; THIN-FILMS; FABRICATION; CYLINDER; SURFACES; ARRAYS; NANOLITHOGRAPHY; SIMULATIONS; MORPHOLOGY; PATTERNS AB Block copolymer directed self-assembly (BCP) with chemical epitaxy is a promising lithographic solution for patterning features with critical dimensions under 20 nm. In this work, we study the extent to which lamellae-forming poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) can be directed with chemical contrast patterns when the pitch of the block copolymer is slightly compressed or stretched compared to the equilibrium pitch observed in unpatterned films. Critical dimension small angle X-ray scattering complemented with SEM analysis was used to quantify the shape and roughness of the line/space features. It was found that the BCP was more lenient to pitch compression than to pitch stretching, tolerating at least 4.9% pitch compression, but only 2.5% pitch stretching before disrupting into dislocation or disclination defects. The more tolerant range of pitch compression is explained by considering the change in free energy with template mismatch, which suggests a larger penalty for pitch stretching than compressing. Additionally, the effect of width mismatch between chemical contrast pattern and BCP is considered for two different pattern transfer techniques. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 595-603 C1 [Sunday, Daniel F.; Kline, R. Joseph] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ashley, Elizabeth] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wan, Lei; Patel, Kanaiyalal C.; Ruiz, Ricardo] San Jose Res Ctr, HGST, San Jose, CA 95135 USA. RP Kline, RJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM r.kline@nist.gov RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; OI Ruiz, Ricardo/0000-0002-1698-4281 FU E.I. DuPont de Nemours Co.; Dow Chemical Company; Northwestern University; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Portions of this work were performed at the DuPont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team (DND-CAT) located at Sector 5 of the Advanced Photon Source (APS). DND-CAT is supported by E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., The Dow Chemical Company and Northwestern University. Use of the APS, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank Steven Weigand and Denis Keane for assistance at sector 5-ID-D. The use of the 10 m Small Angle Neutron Scattering beamline at the NIST Center for Neutron Research was provided in support of the nSoft consortium and we thank Ronald Jones for assistance conducting the SANS measurements. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2015 VL 53 IS 8 BP 595 EP 603 DI 10.1002/polb.23675 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA CD4YN UT WOS:000351092800007 ER PT J AU Zhang, R AF Zhang, Rong TI Mechanisms for low-frequency variability of summer Arctic sea ice extent SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Arctic sea ice; internal variability; ocean heat transport ID ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; BJERKNES COMPENSATION; AIR-TEMPERATURE; OCEAN; CLIMATE; TRENDS; AMPLIFICATION; PROJECTIONS; WINTER; MODEL AB Satellite observations reveal a substantial decline in September Arctic sea ice extent since 1979, which has played a leading role in the observed recent Arctic surface warming and has often been attributed, in large part, to the increase in greenhouse gases. However, the most rapid decline occurred during the recent global warming hiatus period. Previous studies are often focused on a single mechanism for changes and variations of summer Arctic sea ice extent, and many are based on short observational records. The key players for summer Arctic sea ice extent variability at multidecadal/centennial time scales and their contributions to the observed summer Arctic sea ice decline are not well understood. Here a multiple regression model is developed for the first time, to the author's knowledge, to provide a framework to quantify the contributions of three key predictors (Atlantic/Pacific heat transport into the Arctic, and Arctic Dipole) to the internal low-frequency variability of Summer Arctic sea ice extent, using a 3,600-y-long control climate model simulation. The results suggest that changes in these key predictors could have contributed substantially to the observed summer Arctic sea ice decline. If the ocean heat transport into the Arctic were to weaken in the near future due to internal variability, there might be a hiatus in the decline of September Arctic sea ice. The modeling results also suggest that at multidecadal/centennial time scales, variations in the atmosphere heat transport across the Arctic Circle are forced by anticorrelated variations in the Atlantic heat transport into the Arctic. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Zhang, R (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM rong.zhang@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014 OI Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556 NR 52 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 26 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 14 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 15 BP 4570 EP 4575 DI 10.1073/pnas.1422296112 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CF9BO UT WOS:000352856800035 PM 25825758 ER PT J AU Giri, G DeLongchamp, DM Reinspach, J Fischer, DA Richter, LJ Xu, J Benight, S Ayzner, A He, MQ Fang, L Xue, G Toney, MF Bao, ZN AF Giri, Gaurav DeLongchamp, Dean M. Reinspach, Julia Fischer, Daniel A. Richter, Lee J. Xu, Jie Benight, Stephanie Ayzner, Alex He, Mingqian Fang, Lei Xue, Gi Toney, Michael F. Bao, Zhenan TI Effect of Solution Shearing Method on Packing and Disorder of Organic Semiconductor Polymers SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; HIGH-MOBILITY; POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE); ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; PRINTED TRANSISTORS; CARRIER MOBILITY; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; HOLE MOBILITY AB The solution shearing method has previously been used to tune the molecular packing and crystal thin film morphology of small molecular organic semiconductors (OSCs). Here, we study how the solution shearing method impacts the thin film morphology and causes structural rearrangements of two polymeric OSCs with interdigitated side chain packing, namely P2TDC17FT4 and PBTTT-C16. The conjugated backbone tilt angle and the thin film morphology of the P2TDC17FT4 polymer were changed by the solution shearing conditions, and an accompanying change in the charge carrier mobility was observed. For PBTTT-C16, the out-of-plane lamellar spacing was increased by solution shearing, due to increased disorder of side chains. The ability to induce structural rearrangement of polymers through solution shearing allows for an easy and alternative method to modify OSC charge transport properties. C1 [Giri, Gaurav; Reinspach, Julia; Benight, Stephanie; Fang, Lei; Bao, Zhenan] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [DeLongchamp, Dean M.; Fischer, Daniel A.; Richter, Lee J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Reinspach, Julia; Ayzner, Alex; Toney, Michael F.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Xu, Jie; Xue, Gi] Nanjing Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [He, Mingqian] Corning Inc, Corning, NY 14831 USA. RP Bao, ZN (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM zbao@stanford.edu RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016; OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724; Ayzner, Alexander/0000-0002-6549-4721 FU National Science Foundation Solid-State Chemistry Program [DMR-1303178] FX Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Lightsource, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy. We thank I. McCulloch and M. J. Heeney for providing high purity PBTTT-C16. Z.B. acknowledges partial financial support from the National Science Foundation Solid-State Chemistry Program (DMR-1303178). NR 74 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD APR 14 PY 2015 VL 27 IS 7 BP 2350 EP 2359 DI 10.1021/cm503780u PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CG3JI UT WOS:000353176100013 ER PT J AU Deng, SH Sun, Y Wu, H Huang, QZ Yan, J Shi, KW Malik, MI Lu, HQ Wang, L Huang, RJ Li, LF Wang, C AF Deng, Sihao Sun, Ying Wu, Hui Huang, Qingzhen Yan, Jun Shi, Kewen Malik, Muhammad Imran Lu, Huiqing Wang, Lei Huang, Rongjin Li, Laifeng Wang, Cong TI Invar-like Behavior of Antiperovskite Mn3+xNi1-xN Compounds SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE THERMAL-EXPANSION; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; CHARGE-TRANSFER; MANGANESE; PEROVSKITE; TRANSITION; ZRW2O8 AB The antiperovskite Mn3+xNi1-xN conipounds have been synthesized and characterized by a variety of experimental techniques. After Mn doping at the Ni site, both ferromagnetic characteristics and an Invar-like effect were observed in the antiferromagnetic host material. The observed Invar-like behavior was assumed to be related to the characteristic magnetic structure induced by the doping. Neutron diffraction results prove that the Mn doping stabilizes the special Fsg antiferromagnetic phase with strong spin lattice coupling that can be tuned to achieve Invar-like behavior. The magnetovolume effect (MVE) and significant correlation between spin and lattice were confirmed for the Gamma(5g) magnetic phase by the first-principles calculations. Moreover, Mn 3d electrons were revealed to be the key factor for the MVE from the calculations. Our study presents a new mechanism for precisely controlling the zero thermal expansion of a single compound by achieving the special Gamma(5g) magnetic phase of Mn atoms. C1 [Deng, Sihao; Sun, Ying; Yan, Jun; Shi, Kewen; Malik, Muhammad Imran; Lu, Huiqing; Wang, Lei; Wang, Cong] Beihang Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Condensed Matter & Mat Phys, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. [Deng, Sihao; Sun, Ying; Yan, Jun; Shi, Kewen; Malik, Muhammad Imran; Lu, Huiqing; Wang, Lei; Wang, Cong] Beihang Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Micronano Measurement Manipulat & Phys, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. [Wu, Hui; Huang, Qingzhen] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Huang, Rongjin; Li, Laifeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Tech Inst Phys & Chem, Key Lab Cryogen, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Wu, Hui] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sun, Y (reprint author), Beihang Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Condensed Matter & Mat Phys, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. EM sunying@buaa.edu.cn; congwang@buaa.edu.cn RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Sun, Ying/P-1453-2016; Wang, Lei/O-6298-2015 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [51172012, 51472017]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities FX This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (51172012 and 51472017) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 12 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD APR 14 PY 2015 VL 27 IS 7 BP 2495 EP 2501 DI 10.1021/cm504702m PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CG3JI UT WOS:000353176100029 ER PT J AU Chen, J Kline, SR Liu, Y AF Chen, Jie Kline, Steven R. Liu, Yun TI From the depletion attraction to the bridging attraction: The effect of solvent molecules on the effective colloidal interaction (vol 142, 084904, 2015) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Chen, Jie] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Engn Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Chen, Jie; Kline, Steven R.; Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yunliu@nist.gov RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 14 PY 2015 VL 142 IS 14 AR 149901 DI 10.1063/1.4917547 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CG0PW UT WOS:000352969600045 PM 25877598 ER PT J AU Benko, C Hua, LQ Allison, TK Labaye, F Ye, J AF Benko, Craig Hua, Linqiang Allison, Thomas K. Labaye, Francois Ye, Jun TI Cavity-Enhanced Field-Free Molecular Alignment at a High Repetition Rate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RAMAN SELF-CONVERSION; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; FREQUENCY COMBS; LASER-PULSES; RADIATION; SPECTROSCOPY; GENERATION; EXCITATION AB Extreme ultraviolet frequency combs are a versatile tool with applications including precision measurement, strong-field physics, and solid-state physics. Here we report on an application of extreme ultraviolet frequency combs and their driving lasers for studying strong-field effects in molecular systems. We perform field-free molecular alignment and high-order harmonic generation with aligned molecules in a gas jet at a repetition rate of 154 MHz using a high-powered optical frequency comb inside a femtosecond enhancement cavity. The cavity-enhanced system provides a means to reach suitable intensities to study field-free molecular alignment and enhance the observable effects of the molecule-field interaction. We observe modulations of the driving field, arising from the nature of impulsive stimulated Raman scattering responsible for coherent molecular rotations. We foresee the impact of this work on the study of molecule-based strong-field physics, with improved precision and a more fundamental understanding of the interaction effects on both the field and molecules. C1 [Benko, Craig; Hua, Linqiang; Labaye, Francois; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hua, Linqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Inst Phys & Math, State Key Lab Magnet Resonance & Atom & Mol Phys, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. [Allison, Thomas K.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Allison, Thomas K.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Benko, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM craig.benko@colorado.edu; ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Benko, Craig/L-2678-2015 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); DARPA PULSE program; National Science Foundation Physics Frontier Center at JILA; AFOSR Young Investigator Research Program [FA9550-13-1-0109] FX This work is supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), the DARPA PULSE program, and the National Science Foundation Physics Frontier Center at JILA. T. K. A. acknowledges support from AFOSR Young Investigator Research Program No. FA9550-13-1-0109. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 35 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 14 PY 2015 VL 114 IS 15 AR 153001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.153001 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CF8EH UT WOS:000352788100003 PM 25933311 ER PT J AU Dziak, RP Bohnenstiehl, DR Stafford, KM Matsumoto, H Park, M Lee, WS Fowler, MJ Lau, TK Haxel, JH Mellinger, DK AF Dziak, Robert P. Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. Stafford, Kathleen M. Matsumoto, Haruyoshi Park, Minkyu Lee, Won Sang Fowler, Matt J. Lau, Tai-Kwan Haxel, Joseph H. Mellinger, David K. TI Sources and Levels of Ambient Ocean Sound near the Antarctic Peninsula SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MARINE MAMMALS; BERING-SEA; ICE-SHELF; NOISE; BLUE; ICEBERGS; PACIFIC; CETACEANS; RETREAT; WATERS AB Arrays of hydrophones were deployed within the Bransfield Strait and Scotia Sea (Antarctic Peninsula region) from 2005 to 2009 to record ambient ocean sound at frequencies of up to 125 and 500 Hz. Icequakes, which are broadband, short duration signals derived from fracturing of large free-floating icebergs, are a prominent feature of the ocean soundscape. Ice quake activity peaks during austral summer and is minimum during winter, likely following freeze-thaw cycles. Iceberg grounding and rapid disintegration also releases significant acoustic energy, equivalent to large-scale geophysical events. Overall ambient sound levels can be as much as similar to 10-20 dB higher in the open, deep ocean of the Scotia Sea compared to the relatively shallow Bransfield Strait. Noise levels become lowest during the austral winter, as sea-ice cover suppresses wind and wave noise. Ambient noise levels are highest during austral spring and summer, as surface noise, ice cracking and biological activity intensifies. Vocalizations of blue (Balaenoptera musculus) and fin (B. physalus) whales also dominate the long-term spectra records in the 15-28 and 89 Hz bands. Blue whale call energy is a maximum during austral summer-fall in the Drake Passage and Bransfield Strait when ambient noise levels are a maximum and sea-ice cover is a minimum. Fin whale vocalizations were also most common during austral summer-early fall months in both the Bransfield Strait and Scotia Sea. The hydrophone data overall do not show sustained anthropogenic sources (ships and airguns), likely due to low coastal traffic and the typically rough weather and sea conditions of the Southern Ocean. C1 [Dziak, Robert P.; Matsumoto, Haruyoshi; Fowler, Matt J.; Lau, Tai-Kwan; Haxel, Joseph H.; Mellinger, David K.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Dziak, Robert P.; Matsumoto, Haruyoshi; Fowler, Matt J.; Lau, Tai-Kwan; Haxel, Joseph H.; Mellinger, David K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Stafford, Kathleen M.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Park, Minkyu; Lee, Won Sang] Korea Polar Res Inst, Polar Environm Res Div, Inchon 406840, South Korea. RP Dziak, RP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM robert.p.dziak@noaa.gov FU Department of Energy [09NA28654]; NOAA Ocean Exploration and Research Program; Korea Ocean and Polar Research Institute [08NA28654, PE13050, PM12020, PM14020] FX This work was sponsored by the Department of Energy contract number 09NA28654, NOAA Ocean Exploration and Research Program and the Korea Ocean and Polar Research Institute, projects number 08NA28654, PE13050, PM12020 and PM14020, respectively. The research analysis was performed at the NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, PMEL contribution number 4162. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 21 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 14 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 4 AR e0123425 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0123425 PG 23 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CG1EB UT WOS:000353014700031 PM 25875205 ER PT J AU Foss-Feig, M Gong, ZX Clark, CW Gorshkov, AV AF Foss-Feig, Michael Gong, Zhe-Xuan Clark, Charles W. Gorshkov, Alexey V. TI Nearly Linear Light Cones in Long-Range Interacting Quantum Systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIEB-ROBINSON BOUNDS; LATTICE SYSTEMS; PROPAGATION; DYNAMICS AB In nonrelativistic quantum theories with short-range Hamiltonians, a velocity v can be chosen such that the influence of any local perturbation is approximately confined to within a distance r until a time t similar to r/v, thereby defining a linear light cone and giving rise to an emergent notion of locality. In systems with power-law (1/r(a)) interactions, when a exceeds the dimension D, an analogous bound confines influences to within a distance r only until a time t similar to (alpha/v) log r, suggesting that the velocity, as calculated from the slope of the light cone, may grow exponentially in time. We rule out this possibility; light cones of power-law interacting systems are bounded by a polynomial for alpha > 2D and become linear as alpha -> 8. Our results impose strong new constraints on the growth of correlations and the production of entangled states in a variety of rapidly emerging, long-range interacting atomic, molecular, and optical systems. C1 [Foss-Feig, Michael; Gong, Zhe-Xuan; Clark, Charles W.; Gorshkov, Alexey V.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Foss-Feig, Michael; Gong, Zhe-Xuan; Gorshkov, Alexey V.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Foss-Feig, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008; Gong, Zhexuan/G-4348-2016 OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421; FU NSF PFC at the JQI; NSF PIF; ARL; ARO; AFOSR; AFOSR MURI; NRC FX We thank S. Michalakis, C. Monroe, L.-M. Duan, C. Senko, P. Richerme, M. Maghrebi, A. J. Daley, M. Kastner, J. Schachenmayer, A. Lee, J. Smith, S. Manmana, K. R. A. Hazzard, A. M. Rey, G. Pupillo, D. Vodola, L. Lepori, and E. Ercolessi for discussions. This work was supported by the NSF PFC at the JQI, NSF PIF, the ARL, the ARO, the AFOSR, and the AFOSR MURI. M. F.-F. thanks the NRC for support. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 13 PY 2015 VL 114 IS 15 AR 157201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.157201 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CF6TG UT WOS:000352688500006 PM 25933335 ER PT J AU Blanshan, E Rochester, SM Donley, EA Kitching, J AF Blanshan, E. Rochester, S. M. Donley, E. A. Kitching, J. TI Light shifts in a pulsed cold-atom coherent-population-trapping clock SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE RAMAN TRANSITION; RAMSEY FRINGES; BEAM; VAPOR; SPECTROSCOPY; CONTRAST; MODEL AB Field-grade atomic clocks capable of primary standard performance in compact physics packages would be of significant value in applications ranging from network synchronization to inertial navigation. A coherent-population-trapping clock featuring laser-cooled Rb-87 atoms and pulsed Ramsey interrogation is a strong candidate for this technology if the frequency biases can be minimized and controlled. Here we characterize the light shift in a cold-atom coherent-population-trapping clock, explaining observed shifts in terms of phase shifts that arise during the formation of dark-state coherences combined with optical-pumping effects caused by unwanted incoherent light in the interrogation spectrum. Measurements are compared with existing and new theoretical treatments, and a laser configuration is identified that would reduce clock frequency uncertainty from light shifts to a fractional frequency level of Delta nu/nu = 4 x 10(-14) per 100 kHz of laser frequency uncertainty. C1 [Blanshan, E.; Donley, E. A.; Kitching, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Rochester, S. M.] Rochester Sci LLC, El Cerrito, CA 94530 USA. RP Blanshan, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM elizabeth.donley@nist.gov FU NIST; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) FX D. Budker, F.-X. Esnault, N. Ashby, G. Pati, E. Ivanov, S. Riedl, K. Beloy, and N. Abrams are gratefully acknowledged for technical help and discussions. This work is funded by NIST and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). NIST is an agency of the U.S. government, and this work is not subject to copyright. The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this article are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies, either expressed or implied, of DARPA or the Department of Defense. (Approved for public release by DARPA, distribution unlimited.) NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 10 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 4 AR 041401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.91.041401 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CF5HR UT WOS:000352588600001 ER PT J AU Spielman, IB AF Spielman, I. B. TI Assembling a complex quantum ensemble SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Spielman, I. B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Spielman, IB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM spielman@nist.gov FU Army Research Office's atomtronics Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI); Air Force Office of Scientific Research Quantum Matter MURI; NIST; NSF through Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute FX I thank M. Rigol for helpful conceptual discussions. Supported by Army Research Office's atomtronics Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI), Air Force Office of Scientific Research Quantum Matter MURI, NIST, and the NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 10 PY 2015 VL 348 IS 6231 BP 185 EP 186 DI 10.1126/science.aaa8070 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CF5RD UT WOS:000352613700024 PM 25859032 ER PT J AU Yang, YH Li, YC Shields, J Davis, RD AF Yang, You-Hao Li, Yu-Chin Shields, John Davis, Rick D. TI Layer double hydroxide and sodium montmorillonite multilayer coatings for the flammability reduction of flexible polyurethane foams SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE clay; flame retardance; foams; polyurethanes ID FLAME-RETARDANT BEHAVIOR; THIN-FILM ASSEMBLIES; SUPER GAS BARRIER; ULTRATHIN FILMS; POLYELECTROLYTE MULTILAYERS; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; CARBON NANOTUBES; OXYGEN BARRIER; CLAY AB Flexible polyurethane foam (PUF) is coated by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly using branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and two different charged nanoparticles, such as sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) and layered double hydroxide (LDH). Three different deposition strategies, that is, bilayer, trilayer, and quadlayer, exhibit different coating growth, morphology, and flammability properties. Changing the nanosheet from LDH to MMT dramatically alter the coating mass for the same number of layers. A five bilayer PAA/BPEI+LDH coating reduced the peak heat release rate by 40% and the average heat release rate by 70%, which is two times more effective than commercial fire retardants (FRs) and other LbL-FR coatings for PUF. MMT and LDH mixed multilayers resulted in effective flame-retardant coatings with less coating mass by manipulating the deposition strategy. This study manifests the flexibility of LbL to fine-tune flammability reduction by switching the coating weight gains, which is significant to accelerate the development of other LbL coating regardless of the intended applications. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41767. C1 [Yang, You-Hao; Li, Yu-Chin; Shields, John; Davis, Rick D.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Davis, RD (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr MS-8665, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Rick.Davis@NIST.gov NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 131 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8995 EI 1097-4628 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD APR 10 PY 2015 VL 132 IS 14 AR 41767 DI 10.1002/app.41767 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AY6SG UT WOS:000347695200019 ER PT J AU Greene, C Kuehne, L Rice, C Fresh, K Penttila, D AF Greene, Correigh Kuehne, Lauren Rice, Casimir Fresh, Kurt Penttila, Daniel TI Forty years of change in forage fish and jellyfish abundance across greater Puget Sound, Washington (USA): anthropogenic and climate associations SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Pacific herring; Surf smelt; Pacific sand lance; Three-spine stickleback; Gelatinous zooplankton; Human population density; Climate; Commercial harvest ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; HERRING CLUPEA-PALLASII; ECOSYSTEM MODEL; SPATIAL OVERLAP; PELAGIC FISH; PACIFIC; PATTERNS; COMMUNITY; GEORGIA; BLOOMS AB Coastal ecosystems face a variety of natural and anthropogenic influences, raising questions about mechanisms by which species abundance and composition change over time. We examined these questions by synthesizing 6 surface-trawling efforts in greater Puget Sound, Washington (USA), spanning 40 yr, and then determining changes in forage fish abundance and composition and jellyfish prevalence. We also assessed whether patterns were associated with potential anthropogenic pressures (human population density and commercial harvest) as well as large-scale climate signals. We found evidence for trends in abundance of all forage species in 4 sub-basins of Puget Sound. Cumulative distribution functions of catch per unit effort indicate that the historically dominant forage fishes (Pacific herring and surf smelt) have declined in surface waters in 2 sub-basins (Central and South Puget Sound) by up to 2 orders of magnitude. However, 2 other species (Pacific sand lance and three-spine stickleback) increased in all 4 sub-basins. Consequently, species composition diverged among sub-basins over the last 40 yr. In addition, jelly fish-dominated catches increased 3- to 9-fold in Central and South Puget Sound, and abundance positively tracked human population density across all basins. The strongest predictors of forage fish declines were human population density and commercial harvest. Climate signals offered additional explanatory power for forage fish but not jellyfish catch. These patterns suggest possible linkages between coastal anthropogenic activities (e.g. development, pollution) and the abundance of forage fish and jellyfish in pelagic waters. Our findings also provide a basis for improving indicators for assessment, monitoring, and spatial planning to rehabilitate pelagic ecosystems. C1 [Greene, Correigh; Fresh, Kurt] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kuehne, Lauren] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Rice, Casimir] NOAA Fisheries, Mukilteo Res Stn, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. [Penttila, Daniel] Salish Sea Biol, Anacortes, WA 98221 USA. RP Greene, C (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM correigh.greene@noaa.gov FU US EPA's National Estuary Program; Washington Department of Ecology's Intensively Monitored Watersheds Program; Washington Department of Natural Re sources; Northwest Fisheries Science Center; Army Corps of Engineers; Port of Bellingham; NOAA Fisheries; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW); NOAA Sustainable Fisheries FX Funding for sampling in 2011 was provided by US EPA's National Estuary Program, Washington Department of Ecology's Intensively Monitored Watersheds Program, and Washington Department of Natural Re sources. Funding for previous efforts was provided by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Army Corps of Engineers, Port of Bellingham, NOAA Fisheries, and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW). Funding for analysis and writing was provided by NOAA Sustainable Fisheries. We thank the senior staff of the Watershed Program at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center (P. Roni, T. Beechie, and G. Pess) for support and encouragement. Numerous people assisted in data collection efforts over the years, but we specifically thank Q. Stober and E. Salo for their meticulous recording of their data in Skagit Bay during the early 1970s (and to B. Miller for saving the data from the recycle bin). We also thank S. Bold, D. Lomax, B. Mowitt, J. Hall, and J. Chamberlin for their assistance with sampling on the recent surveys. J. Hall also helped synthesize environmental data and produced Fig. 1, and D. Rudy assisted with data re-entry of the historical data sets. K. Stick (WDFW) provided data on commercial landings across Puget Sound. The comments of J. Reum, R. Brodeur, R. Zabel, K. Stick, D. Lowry, and 3 anonymous reviewers improved the logic, flow, and readability of the manuscript. NR 71 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 13 U2 72 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD APR 9 PY 2015 VL 525 BP 153 EP 170 DI 10.3354/meps11251 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CH9YX UT WOS:000354393700013 ER PT J AU Carlisle, AB Litvin, SY Hazen, EL Madigan, DJ Goldman, KJ Lea, RN Block, BA AF Carlisle, Aaron B. Litvin, Steven Y. Hazen, Elliott L. Madigan, Daniel J. Goldman, Kenneth J. Lea, Robert N. Block, Barbara A. TI Reconstructing habitat use by juvenile salmon sharks links upwelling to strandings in the California Current SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Trophic ecology; Oceanography; Thermal niche; Elasmobranch; Nursery; Stable isotope analysis; Lamna ditropis ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; LAMNA-DITROPIS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; INCORPORATING UNCERTAINTY; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; CURRENT SYSTEM; TISSUES; FISH; DIET; CARNOBACTERIUM AB The use of nursery areas by elasmobranchs is an important life history strategy that is thought to reduce juvenile mortality and increase population growth rates. The endothermic salmon shark Lamna ditropis uses the California Current System (CCS) as a nursery area, though little is known about how juveniles use this ecosystem. Juvenile salmon sharks consistently strand along the west coast of North America. Strandings in the southern CCS occurred throughout the year, while those in the northern CCS were limited to summer and autumn, when mean sea surface temperatures were warmest. Strandings primarily occurred when water temperature was between 12 and 16 degrees C, suggesting that juveniles occupy a relatively narrow thermal niche. Stable isotope analysis (SIA) indicated that juveniles primarily feed on offshore meso-and epipelagic prey from the outer shelf, slope, and oceanic habitats as opposed to inshore and coastal habitats, although sharks appeared to move closer to shore prior to stranding. Generalized additive models indicate that the probability of stranding was greatest when mean water temperatures were relatively high (similar to 14 degrees C) and sharks were exposed to acute cold-water events (similar to 9 degrees C) during coastal upwelling. This suggests that juveniles are thermally limited and stressed by upwelling events, resulting in bacterial infections that are the proximate cause of the strandings. C1 [Carlisle, Aaron B.; Litvin, Steven Y.; Block, Barbara A.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Hazen, Elliott L.] NOAA, Div Environm Res, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Madigan, Daniel J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Goldman, Kenneth J.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Lea, Robert N.] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Marine Reg, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Carlisle, AB (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, 120 Oceanview Blvd, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM aaroncar@stanford.edu OI Hazen, Elliott/0000-0002-0412-7178 FU PADI Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Monterey Bay Aquarium Foundation; Office of Naval Research; Stanford University's School of Humanities and Sciences FX We thank the many people and organizations who provided us with specimens and stranding records. In particular, we thank T. Booth (Seaside Aquarium) and M. Harris (CDFW) for generously providing many of the specimens used in this study. We are also very grateful to W. Hanshumaker (Oregon Sea Grant) and D. Asson (Oregon State University) for providing stranding records from Oregon (beachedmarinecritters.org). We also thank S. Van Sommeran (Pelagic Shark Research Foundation) for providing several specimens and the anonymous reviewers who helped improve the manuscript. Funding was provided by the PADI Foundation, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Monterey Bay Aquarium Foundation, the Office of Naval Research, and Stanford University's School of Humanities and Sciences. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 16 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD APR 9 PY 2015 VL 525 BP 217 EP 228 DI 10.3354/meps11183 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CH9YX UT WOS:000354393700017 ER PT J AU Jiang, ZP Hess, SK Heinrich, F Lee, JC AF Jiang, Zhiping Hess, Sara K. Heinrich, Frank Lee, Jennifer C. TI Molecular Details of alpha-Synuclein Membrane Association Revealed by Neutrons and Photons SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PULSED ESR MEASUREMENTS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; LIPID VESICLES; TRYPTOPHAN FLUORESCENCE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; N-TERMINUS; IN-VIVO; PROTEIN; BINDING AB alpha-Synuclein (alpha-syn) is an abundant neuronal protein associated with Parkinson's disease that is disordered in solution, but it exists in equilibrium between a bent-helix and an elongated-helix on negatively charged membranes. Here, neutron reflectometry (NR) and fluorescence spectroscopy were employed to uncover molecular details of the interaction between alpha-syn and two anionic lipids, phosphatidic acid (PA) and phosphatidylserine (PS). Both NR and site-specific Trp measurements indicate that penetration depth of alpha-syn is similar for either PA- or PS-containing membranes (similar to 9-11 A from bilayer center) even though there is a preference for alpha-syn binding to PA. However, closer examination of the individual Trp quenching profiles by brominated lipids reveals differences into local membrane interactions especially at position 39 where conformational heterogeneity was observed. The data also indicate that while W94 penetrates the bilayer as deeply as W4, W94 resides in a more polar surrounding. Taken together, we suggest the N- and C-terminal regions near positions 4 and 94 are anchored to the membrane, while the putative linker spanning residue 39 samples multiple conformations, which are sensitive to the chemical nature of the membrane surface. This flexibility may enable alpha-syn to bind diverse biomembranes in vivo. C1 [Jiang, Zhiping; Hess, Sara K.; Lee, Jennifer C.] NHLBI, Lab Mol Biophys, Biochem & Biophys Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Heinrich, Frank] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Heinrich, Frank] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, JC (reprint author), Lab Mol Biophys, 50 South Dr,MSC 8013, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM leej4@mail.nih.gov RI Lee, Jennifer/E-9658-2015; Heinrich, Frank/A-5339-2010 OI Lee, Jennifer/0000-0003-0506-8349; Heinrich, Frank/0000-0002-8579-553X FU Intramural Research Program at the National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); NIST IMS program "Precision Measurements for Integral Membrane Proteins" FX This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program at the National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and by the NIST IMS program "Precision Measurements for Integral Membrane Proteins". Research was performed in part at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. We thank the NHLBI Electron Microscopy, Biophysics, and Biochemistry Cores for the use of equipment and technical expertise. Certain commercial materials, equipment, and instruments are identified in this work to describe the experimental procedure as completely as possible. In no case does such an identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the materials, equipment, or instrument identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 85 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 9 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 14 BP 4812 EP 4823 DI 10.1021/jp512499r PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CF8PB UT WOS:000352823200002 PM 25790164 ER PT J AU Donnelly, K Waltzek, TB Wellehan, JFX Sutton, DA Wiederhold, NP Stacy, BA AF Donnelly, Kyle Waltzek, Thomas B. Wellehan, James F. X., Jr. Sutton, Deanna A. Wiederhold, Nathan P. Stacy, Brian A. TI Phaeohyphomycosis resulting in obstructive tracheitis in three green sea turtles Chelonia mydas stranded along the Florida coast SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Fungus; Reptile; Sea turtle; Pigmented; Respiratory; Veronaea botryosa ID VERONAEA-BOTRYOSA; LEPIDOCHELYS-KEMPII; DISEASE; FUNGI; IDENTIFICATION; SYSTEM; REGION; CHINA AB Three wild immature green sea turtles Chelonia mydas were found alive but lethargic on the shores of the Indian River Lagoon and Gulf of Mexico in Florida, USA, and subsequently died. Necropsy findings in all 3 turtles included partial occlusion of the trachea by a mass comprised of granulomatous inflammation. Pigmented fungal hyphae were observed within the lesion by histology and were characterized by culture and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 domain of the rRNA gene and D1/D2 region of the fungal 28s gene. The dematiaceous fungus species Veronaea botryosa was isolated from the tracheal mass in 2 cases, and genetic sequence of Veronaea botryosa was detected by polymerase chain reaction in all 3 cases. Genetic sequencing and fungal cultures also detected other dematiaceous fungi, including a Cladosporium sp., an Ochroconis sp., and a Cochliobolus sp. These cases are the first report of phaeohyphomycosis caused by Veronaea botryosa in wild marine animals. C1 [Donnelly, Kyle; Waltzek, Thomas B.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Wellehan, James F. X., Jr.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Small Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Sutton, Deanna A.; Wiederhold, Nathan P.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, Fungus Testing Lab, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Sutton, Deanna A.; Wiederhold, Nathan P.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, Mol Diagnost Lab, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Sutton, Deanna A.; Wiederhold, Nathan P.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Stacy, Brian A.] Univ Florida, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Duty Stn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Stacy, BA (reprint author), Univ Florida, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Duty Stn, POB 110885,2187 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM brian.stacy@noaa.gov OI Wiederhold, Nathan/0000-0002-2225-5122 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD APR 8 PY 2015 VL 113 IS 3 BP 257 EP 262 DI 10.3354/dao02843 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA CG5MH UT WOS:000353335500009 PM 25850403 ER PT J AU Ku, HS Kindel, WF Mallet, F Glancy, S Irwin, KD Hilton, GC Vale, LR Lehnert, KW AF Ku, H. S. Kindel, W. F. Mallet, F. Glancy, S. Irwin, K. D. Hilton, G. C. Vale, L. R. Lehnert, K. W. TI Generating and verifying entangled itinerant microwave fields with efficient and independent measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID JOSEPHSON-PARAMETRIC-AMPLIFIER; CONTINUOUS VARIABLE SYSTEMS; QUANTUM; CRITERION AB By combining a squeezed propagating microwave field and an unsqueezed vacuum field on a hybrid (microwave beam splitter), we generate entanglement between the two output modes. We verify that we have generated entangled states by making independent and efficient single-quadrature measurements of the two output modes. We observe the entanglement witness E-W = -0.263(-0.036)(+0.001) and the negativity N = 0.0824(-0.0004)(+0.01) with measurement efficiencies at least 26 +/- 0.1% and 41 +/- 0.2% for channels 1 and 2, respectively. These measurements show that the output two-mode state violates the separability criterion and therefore demonstrates entanglement. This shared entanglement between propagating microwaves provides an important resource for building quantum networks with superconducting microwave systems. C1 [Ku, H. S.; Kindel, W. F.; Lehnert, K. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ku, H. S.; Kindel, W. F.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ku, H. S.; Kindel, W. F.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mallet, F.] Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06,Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS, Ecole Normale Super PSL Res Univ,Lab Pierre Aigra, F-75231 Paris 05, France. [Glancy, S.; Hilton, G. C.; Vale, L. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Irwin, K. D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Ku, HS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM hsiang-sheng.ku@colorado.edu RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009; mallet, francois/O-5956-2016 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649; FU DARPA QuEST program; National Science Foundation [1125844] FX This work is supported by the DARPA QuEST program and National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1125844. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 8 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 4 AR 042305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.91.042305 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CF1YE UT WOS:000352343100003 ER PT J AU Kimes, WA Sperling, BA Maslars, JE AF Kimes, W. A. Sperling, B. A. Maslars, J. E. TI Design and Operation of an Optically-Accessible Modular Reactor for Diagnostics of Thermal Thin Film Deposition Processes SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALD; atomic layer deposition; chemical vapor deposition; CVD; diagnostics; in situ; optical cell; reactor ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; IN-SITU; ALD AB The design and operation of a simple, optically-accessible modular reactor for probing thermal thin film deposition processes, such as atomic layer deposition processes (ALD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD), is described. This reactor has a nominal footprint of 225 cm(2) and a mass of approximately 6.6 kg, making it small enough to conveniently function as a modular component of an optical train. The design is simple, making fabrication straightforward and relatively inexpensive. Reactor operation is characterized using two infrared absorption measurements to determine exhaust times for tetrakis(dimethylamino) titanium and water, proto-typical ALD precursors, in a pressure and flow regime commonly used for ALD. C1 [Kimes, W. A.; Maslars, J. E.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sperling, B. A.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Chem Proc Measurements Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Maslars, J. E.] US Dept Commerce, NIST, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Kimes, WA (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.kimes@nist.gov; brent.sperling@nist.gov; james.maslar@nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD APR 7 PY 2015 VL 120 BP 58 EP 63 DI 10.6028/jres.120.005 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CN8VZ UT WOS:000358725000001 PM 26958438 ER PT J AU Turner, MD Henze, DK Hakami, A Zhao, SL Resler, J Carmichael, GR Stanier, CO Baek, J Sandu, A Russell, AG Nenes, A Jeong, GR Capps, SL Percell, PB Pinder, RW Napelenok, SL Bash, JO Chai, TF AF Turner, Matthew D. Henze, Daven K. Hakami, Amir Zhao, Shunliu Resler, Jaroslav Carmichael, Gregory R. Stanier, Charles O. Baek, Jaemeen Sandu, Adrian Russell, Armistead G. Nenes, Athanasios Jeong, Gill-Ran Capps, Shannon L. Percell, Peter B. Pinder, Rob W. Napelenok, Sergey L. Bash, Jesse O. Chai, Tianfeng TI Differences Between Magnitudes and Health Impacts of BC Emissions Across the United States Using 12 km Scale Seasonal Source Apportionment SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADJOINT SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; AIR-QUALITY MODEL; BLACK CARBON; CARDIOPULMONARY MORTALITY; DATA ASSIMILATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PUBLIC-HEALTH AB Recent assessments have analyzed the health impacts of PM2.5 from emissions from different locations and sectors using simplified or reduced-form air quality models. Here we present an alternative approach using the adjoint of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, which provides sourcereceptor relationships at highly resolved sectoral, spatial, and temporal scales. While damage resulting from anthropogenic emissions of BC is strongly correlated with population and premature death, we found little correlation between damage and emission magnitude, suggesting that controls on the largest emissions may not be the most efficient means of reducing damage resulting from anthropogenic BC emissions. Rather, the best proxy for locations with damaging BC emissions is locations where premature deaths occur. Onroad diesel and nonroad vehicle emissions are the largest contributors to premature deaths attributed to exposure to BC, while onroad gasoline emissions cause the highest deaths per amount emitted. Emissions in fall and winter contribute to more premature deaths (and more per amount emitted) than emissions in spring and summer. Overall, these results show the value of the high-resolution source attribution for determining the locations, seasons, and sectors for which BC emission controls have the most effective health benefits. C1 [Turner, Matthew D.; Henze, Daven K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hakami, Amir; Zhao, Shunliu] Carleton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Resler, Jaroslav] Inst Comp Sci, Nonlinear Modeling, Prague 18207, Czech Republic. [Carmichael, Gregory R.; Stanier, Charles O.; Baek, Jaemeen] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Sandu, Adrian] Virginia Tech, Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Russell, Armistead G.] Georgia Tech, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nenes, Athanasios; Jeong, Gill-Ran] Georgia Tech, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nenes, Athanasios; Capps, Shannon L.] Georgia Tech, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Percell, Peter B.] Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Capps, Shannon L.; Pinder, Rob W.; Napelenok, Sergey L.; Bash, Jesse O.] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Chai, Tianfeng] Univ Maryland, Coll Comp Math & Nat Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chai, Tianfeng] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Jeong, Gill-Ran] Korea Inst Atmospher Predict Syst, Seoul 156849, South Korea. RP Turner, MD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM matthew.d.turner@colorado.edu RI Chai, Tianfeng/E-5577-2010; Resler, Jaroslav/E-6097-2014; Stanier, Charles/D-4307-2016; Capps, Shannon/E-5602-2017; OI Chai, Tianfeng/0000-0003-3520-2641; Stanier, Charles/0000-0001-9924-0853; Capps, Shannon/0000-0002-6872-6604; Capps, Shannon/0000-0003-4274-887X; Bash, Jesse/0000-0001-8736-0102 FU NASA Applied Sciences Program [NNX09AN77G] FX This research was supported by NASA Applied Sciences Program grant NNX09AN77G. This paper has been subjected to the United States Environmental Protection Agency's administrative review and approved for publication but solely reflects the views of the authors. Shannon L. Capps was supported by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, administered by ORISE. NR 81 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 7 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 7 BP 4362 EP 4371 DI 10.1021/es505968b PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CF6HY UT WOS:000352659000043 PM 25729920 ER PT J AU Arbogast, LW Brinson, RG Marino, JP AF Arbogast, Luke W. Brinson, Robert G. Marino, John P. TI Mapping Monoclonal Antibody Structure by 2D C-13 NMR at Natural Abundance SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PULSED-FIELD GRADIENTS; SENSITIVITY ENHANCEMENT; PROTEIN NMR; RECONSTRUCTION; SPECTROSCOPY; FC AB Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent an important and rapidly growing class of biotherapeutics. Correct folding of a mAb is critical for drug efficacy, while misfolding can impact safety by eliciting unwanted immune or other off-target responses. Robust methods are therefore needed for the precise measurement of mAb structure for drug quality assessment and comparability. To date, the perception in the field has been that NMR could not be applied practically to mAbs due to the size (similar to 150 kDa) and complexity of these molecules, as well as the insensitivity of the method. The feasibility of applying NMR methods to stable isotope-labeled, protease-cleaved, mAb domains (Fab and Fc) has been demonstrated from both E. coli and Chinese hamster ovaries (CHO) cell expression platforms; however, isotopic labeling is not typically available when analyzing drug products. Here, we address the issue of feasibility of NMR-based mapping of mAb structure by demonstrating for the first time the application of a 2D C-13 NMR methyl fingerprint method for structural mapping of an intact mAb at natural isotopic abundance. Further, we show that 2D C-13 NMR spectra of protease-cleaved Fc and Fab fragments can provide accurate reporters on the domain structures that can be mapped directly to the intact mAb. Through combined use of rapid acquisition and nonuniform sampling techniques, we show that these Fab and Fc fingerprint spectra can be rapidly acquired in as short as approximately 30 min. C1 [Arbogast, Luke W.; Brinson, Robert G.; Marino, John P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Arbogast, Luke W.; Brinson, Robert G.; Marino, John P.] Univ Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Marino, JP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM john.marino@nist.gov RI Arbogast, Luke/O-6099-2014 OI Arbogast, Luke/0000-0001-6871-450X FU NIST Biomanufacturing Initiative; NIST; National Research Council FX We acknowledge the support by NIST Biomanufacturing Initiative and NIST and W.M. Keck for support of Biomolecular NMR instrumentation. L.W.A. acknowledges a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 7 PY 2015 VL 87 IS 7 BP 3556 EP 3561 DI 10.1021/ac504804m PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA CF6ID UT WOS:000352659500003 PM 25728213 ER PT J AU Kucera, J Bennett, JW Oflaz, R Paul, RL Fernandes, EAD Kubesova, M Bacchi, MA Stopic, AJ Sturgeon, RE Grinberg, P AF Kucera, Jan Bennett, John W. Oflaz, Rabia Paul, Rick L. De Nadai Fernandes, Elisabete A. Kubesova, Marie Bacchi, Marcio A. Stopic, Attila J. Sturgeon, Ralph E. Grinberg, Patricia TI Elemental Characterization of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Certified Reference Material by Neutron and Prompt gamma Activation Analysis SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES; LASER SYNTHESIS; PROTOCOLS AB Instrumental neutron activation analysis with both relative and k(0) standardization was used in four experienced laboratories to determine element mass fractions in single-wall carbon nanotube certified reference material (CRM) SWCNT-1. Results obtained were evaluated using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Type B On Bias approach and yielded consensus values in agreement with National Research Council Canada (NRCC) certified values for Fe, Co, Ni, and Mo and provided mass fraction values for 13 additional elements, namely, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Br, La, W, and Au. In addition, prompt ? neutron activation analysis was employed to determine mass fractions of H, B, Co, Ni, and Mo. Results of this work provide a basis for the establishment of reference values of element mass fractions in CRM SWCNT-1, thus expanding its usability for more accurate characterization and benchmarking of similar nanotechnology materials. C1 [Kucera, Jan; Kubesova, Marie] Nucl Phys Inst Acad Sci Czech Republ, CZ-25058 Prague, Czech Republic. [Bennett, John W.; Stopic, Attila J.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia. [Oflaz, Rabia; Paul, Rick L.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [De Nadai Fernandes, Elisabete A.; Bacchi, Marcio A.] Univ Sao Paulo, Nucl Energy Ctr Agr, BR-13416000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Sturgeon, Ralph E.; Grinberg, Patricia] Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RP Kucera, J (reprint author), Nucl Phys Inst Acad Sci Czech Republ, Husinec Rez 130, CZ-25058 Prague, Czech Republic. EM kucera@ujf.cas.cz RI De Nadai Fernandes, Elisabete/F-9018-2015; Kubesova, Marie/G-7897-2014; Kucera, Jan/G-8507-2014; OI De Nadai Fernandes, Elisabete/0000-0003-1218-4882; Stopic, Attila/0000-0003-0680-4387 FU Czech Science Foundation [P108/12/G108] FX Work carried out at NPI has been supported by the Czech Science Foundation (Grant P108/12/G108). Consulting and coordination involvement of R. Gregory Downing at NIST is greatly appreciated. B. Simard and C. Kingston (NRCC, Ottawa) are thanked for their synthesis of the raw SWCNT material used in this study. The authors thank Inmetro-National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology for permission to use their SEM image of SWCNT-1 in the graphical abstract. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 7 PY 2015 VL 87 IS 7 BP 3699 EP 3705 DI 10.1021/ac504094n PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA CF6ID UT WOS:000352659500022 PM 25723904 ER PT J AU Hoover, AS Bond, EM Croce, MP Holesinger, TG Kunde, GJ Rabin, MW Wolfsberg, LE Bennett, DA Hays-Wehle, JP Schmidt, DR Swetz, D Ullom, JN AF Hoover, Andrew S. Bond, Evelyn M. Croce, Mark P. Holesinger, Terry G. Kunde, Gerd J. Rabin, Michael W. Wolfsberg, Laura E. Bennett, Douglas A. Hays-Wehle, James P. Schmidt, Dan R. Swetz, Daniel Ullom, Joel N. TI Measurement of the Pu-240/Pu-239 Mass Ratio Using a Transition-Edge-Sensor Microcalorimeter for Total Decay Energy Spectroscopy SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-PARTICLE SPECTROMETRY; DETECTORS AB We have developed a new category of sensor for measurement of the Pu-240/Pu-239 mass ratio from aqueous solution samples with advantages over existing methods. Aqueous solution plutonium samples were evaporated and encapsulated inside of a gold foil absorber, and a superconducting transition-edge-sensor microcalorimeter detector was used to measure the total reaction energy (Q-value) of nuclear decays via heat generated when the energy is thermalized. Since all of the decay energy is contained in the absorber, we measure a single spectral peak for each isotope, resulting in a simple spectral analysis problem with minimal peak overlap. We found that mechanical kneading of the absorber dramatically improves spectral quality by reducing the size of radioactive inclusions within the absorber to scales below 50 nm such that decay products primarily interact with atoms of the host material. Due to the low noise performance of the microcalorimeter detector, energy resolution values of 1 keV fwhm (full width at half-maximum) at 5.5 MeV have been achieved, an order of magnitude improvement over alpha-spectroscopy with conventional silicon detectors. We measured the Pu-240/Pu-239 mass ratio of two samples and confirmed the results by comparison to mass spectrometry values. These results have implications for future measurements of trace samples of nuclear material. C1 [Hoover, Andrew S.; Bond, Evelyn M.; Croce, Mark P.; Holesinger, Terry G.; Kunde, Gerd J.; Rabin, Michael W.; Wolfsberg, Laura E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bennett, Douglas A.; Hays-Wehle, James P.; Schmidt, Dan R.; Swetz, Daniel; Ullom, Joel N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hoover, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ahoover@lanl.gov FU National Nuclear Security Administration Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation FX This work was supported by the National Nuclear Security Administration Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 7 PY 2015 VL 87 IS 7 BP 3996 EP 4000 DI 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00195 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA CF6ID UT WOS:000352659500063 PM 25723106 ER PT J AU Krycka, KL Borchers, JA Booth, RA Ijiri, Y Hasz, K Rhyne, JJ Majetich, SA AF Krycka, K. L. Borchers, J. A. Booth, R. A. Ijiri, Y. Hasz, K. Rhyne, J. J. Majetich, S. A. TI Comment on "Origin of Surface Canting within Fe3O4 Nanoparticles" Reply SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Krycka, K. L.; Borchers, J. A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Booth, R. A.; Majetich, S. A.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Ijiri, Y.; Hasz, K.] Oberlin Coll, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. [Rhyne, J. J.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Krycka, KL (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kathryn.krycka@nist.gov RI Majetich, Sara/B-1022-2015 OI Majetich, Sara/0000-0003-0848-9317 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 7 PY 2015 VL 114 IS 14 AR UNSP 149702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.149702 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CF0UR UT WOS:000352260300020 PM 25910168 ER PT J AU Alfaro-Nunez, A Jensen, MP Abreu-Grobois, FA AF Alfaro-Nunez, Alonzo Jensen, Michael P. Abreu-Grobois, F. Alberto TI Does polyandry really pay off? The effects of multiple mating and number of fathers on morphological traits and survival in clutches of nesting green turtles at Tortuguero SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Polyandry; Marine turtles; Mating systems; Evolution; Sperm competition; Paternal contribution; Population genetics; Microsatellites ID SPERM STORAGE; SEA-TURTLE; CHELONIA-MYDAS; MARINE TURTLE; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS; INCUBATION-TEMPERATURE; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; LEATHERBACK TURTLE; GENETIC BENEFITS; SEXUAL SELECTION AB Despite the long debate of whether or not multiple mating benefits the offspring, studies still show contradictory results. Multiple mating takes time and energy. Thus, if females fertilize their eggs with a single mating, why to mate more than once? We investigated and inferred paternal identity and number of sires in 12 clutches (240 hatchlings) of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) nests at Tortuguero, Costa Rica. Paternal alleles were inferred through comparison of maternal and hatchling genotypes, and indicated multiple paternity in at least 11 of the clutches (92%). The inferred average number of fathers was three (ranging from 1 to 5). Moreover, regression analyses were used to investigate for correlation of inferred clutch paternity with morphological traits of hatchlings fitness (emergence success, length, weight and crawling speed), the size of the mother, and an environmental variable (incubation temperature). We suggest and propose two different comparative approaches for evaluating morphological traits and clutch paternity, in order to infer greater offspring survival. First, clutches coded by the exact number of fathers and second by the exact paternal contribution (fathers who gives greater proportion of the offspring per nest). We found significant differences (P < 0.05) in clutches coded by the exact number of fathers for all morphological traits. A general tendency of higher values in offspring sired by two to three fathers was observed for the length and weight traits. However, emergence success and crawling speed showed different trends which unable us to reach any further conclusion. The second approach analysing the paternal contribution showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) for any of the traits. We conclude that multiple paternity does not provide any extra benefit in the morphological fitness traits or the survival of the offspring, when analysed following the proposed comparative statistical methods. C1 [Alfaro-Nunez, Alonzo] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr GeoGenet, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Jensen, Michael P.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, La Jolla, CA USA. [Abreu-Grobois, F. Alberto] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Genet Lab, Unidad Acad Mazatlan, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Alfaro-Nunez, A (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr GeoGenet, Copenhagen, Denmark. EM alonzoalfaro@gmail.com RI Abreu Grobois, Alberto/A-3560-2017; OI Alfaro-Nunez, Alonzo/0000-0002-4050-5041 FU University of Copenhagen FX This project study was mainly personally funded but with external support from the University of Copenhagen. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 14 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD APR 7 PY 2015 VL 3 AR e880 DI 10.7717/peerj.880 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CF1JG UT WOS:000352300500004 PM 25870773 ER PT J AU Petrie, JR Wieland, KA Timmerwilke, JM Barron, SC Burke, RA Newburgh, GA Burnette, JE Fischer, GA Edelstein, AS AF Petrie, J. R. Wieland, K. A. Timmerwilke, J. M. Barron, S. C. Burke, R. A. Newburgh, G. A. Burnette, J. E. Fischer, G. A. Edelstein, A. S. TI A multi-state magnetic memory dependent on the permeability of Metglas SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BULK METALLIC GLASSES; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; CRYSTALLIZATION; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; KINETICS AB A three-state magnetic memory was developed based on differences in the magnetic permeability of a soft ferromagnetic media, Metglas 2826MB (Fe40Ni38Mo4B18). By heating bits of a 250 nm thick Metglas film with 70-100 mW of laser power, we were able to tune the local microstructure, and hence, the permeability. Ternary memory states were created by using lower laser power to enhance the initial permeability through localized atomic rearrangement and higher power to reduce the permeability through crystallization. The permeability of the bits was read by detecting variations in an external 32 Oe probe field within 10 mu m of the media via a magnetic tunnel junction read head. Compared to data based on remanent magnetization, these multi-permeability bits have enhanced insensitivity to unexpected field and temperature changes. We found that data was not corrupted after exposure to fields of 1 T or temperatures of 423 K, indicating the effectiveness of this multi-state approach for safely storing large amounts of data. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Petrie, J. R.; Wieland, K. A.; Timmerwilke, J. M.; Burke, R. A.; Newburgh, G. A.; Fischer, G. A.; Edelstein, A. S.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Barron, S. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Burnette, J. E.] Spin Transfer Technol, Boston, MA 02110 USA. RP Petrie, JR (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 6 PY 2015 VL 106 IS 14 AR 142403 DI 10.1063/1.4917247 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CF8OF UT WOS:000352820700023 ER PT J AU Taniguchi, T Grollier, J Stiles, MD AF Taniguchi, Tomohiro Grollier, J. Stiles, M. D. TI Spin-Transfer Torques Generated by the Anomalous Hall Effect and Anisotropic Magnetoresistance SO PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED LA English DT Article ID DOMAIN-WALLS; FERROMAGNETIC HETEROSTRUCTURES; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; MAGNETIC MULTILAYERS; CURRENT INJECTION; ELECTRIC-CURRENT; THIN-FILMS; DYNAMICS; DEPENDENCE; TRANSPORT AB Spin-orbit coupling in ferromagnets gives rise to the anomalous Hall effect and the anisotropic magnetoresistance, both of which can be used to create spin-transfer torques in a similar manner as the spin Hall effect. In this paper, we show how these effects can be used to reliably switch perpendicularly magnetized layers and to move domain walls. A drift-diffusion treatment of the anomalous Hall effect and the anisotropic magnetoresistance describes the spin currents that flow in directions perpendicular to the electric field. In systems with two ferromagnetic layers separated by a spacer layer, an in-plane electric field causes spin currents to be injected from one layer into the other, creating spin-transfer torques. Unlike the related spin Hall effect in nonmagnetic materials, the anomalous Hall effect and the anisotropic magnetoresistance allow control of the orientation of the injected spins, and hence torques, by changing the direction of the magnetization in the injecting layer. The torques on one layer show a rich angular dependence as a function of the orientation of the magnetization in the other layer. The control of the torques afforded by changing the orientation of the magnetization in a fixed layer makes it possible to reliably switch a perpendicularly magnetized free layer. Our calculated critical current densities for a representative CoFe/Cu/FePt structure show that the switching can be efficient for appropriate material choices. Similarly, control of the magnetization direction can drive domain-wall motion, as shown for NiFe/Cu/NiFe structures. C1 [Taniguchi, Tomohiro] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Spintron Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. [Taniguchi, Tomohiro; Stiles, M. D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Grollier, J.] CNRS Thales, Unite Mixte Phys, F-91767 Palaiseau, France. [Grollier, J.] Univ Paris 11, F-91767 Palaiseau, France. RP Taniguchi, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Spintron Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. RI Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012; Taniguchi, Tomohiro/J-6501-2012 OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; FU European Research Council [259068] FX The authors thank Robert McMichael for useful discussions. J. G. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council, Grant No. 259068. NR 81 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 57 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2331-7019 J9 PHYS REV APPL JI Phys. Rev. Appl. PD APR 6 PY 2015 VL 3 IS 4 AR 044001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.3.044001 PG 18 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CE9VY UT WOS:000352192700001 ER PT J AU Lee, KS Go, D Manchon, A Haney, PM Stiles, MD Lee, HW Lee, KJ AF Lee, Ki-Seung Go, Dongwook Manchon, Aurelien Haney, Paul M. Stiles, M. D. Lee, Hyun-Woo Lee, Kyung-Jin TI Angular dependence of spin-orbit spin-transfer torques SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DOMAIN-WALLS; DYNAMICS; MOTION AB In ferromagnet/heavy-metal bilayers, an in-plane current gives rise to spin-orbit spin-transfer torque, which is usually decomposed into fieldlike and dampinglike torques. For two-dimensional free-electron and tight-binding models with Rashba spin-orbit coupling, the fieldlike torque acquires nontrivial dependence on the magnetization direction when the Rashba spin-orbit coupling becomes comparable to the exchange interaction. This nontrivial angular dependence of the fieldlike torque is related to the Fermi surface distortion, determined by the ratio of the Rashba spin-orbit coupling to the exchange interaction. On the other hand, the dampinglike torque acquires nontrivial angular dependence when the Rashba spin-orbit coupling is comparable to or stronger than the exchange interaction. It is related to the combined effects of the Fermi surface distortion and the Fermi sea contribution. The angular dependence is consistent with experimental observations and can be important to understand magnetization dynamics induced by spin-orbit spin-transfer torques. C1 [Lee, Ki-Seung; Lee, Kyung-Jin] Korea Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Go, Dongwook; Lee, Hyun-Woo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, PCTP, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Go, Dongwook; Lee, Hyun-Woo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Manchon, Aurelien] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol KAUST, Phys Sci & Engn Div, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. [Haney, Paul M.; Stiles, M. D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, Kyung-Jin] Korea Univ, KU KIST Grad Sch Converging Sci & Technol, Seoul 136713, South Korea. RP Lee, KS (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. EM hwl@postech.ac.kr; kj_lee@korea.ac.kr RI Manchon, Aurelien/A-9355-2010; Lee, Kyung-Jin/B-4431-2010; Lee, Hyun-Woo/B-8995-2008; Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012 OI Manchon, Aurelien/0000-0002-4768-293X; Lee, Kyung-Jin/0000-0001-6269-2266; Lee, Hyun-Woo/0000-0002-1648-8093; Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156 FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) [2011-028163, NRF-2013R1A2A2A01013188]; University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for-Nanoscale Science and Technology through University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; NRF [2013R1A2A2A05006237]; MOTIE [10044723]; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Global Ph.D. Fellowship Program - NRF [2014H1A2A101] FX K.-J.L. acknowledges support from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (2011-028163, NRF-2013R1A2A2A01013188) and under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for-Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. H.-W.L. was supported by NRF (2013R1A2A2A05006237) and MOTIE (Grant No. 10044723). A.M. acknowledges support by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. D.G. acknowledges support from the Global Ph.D. Fellowship Program funded by NRF (2014H1A2A101). NR 52 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 46 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 6 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 14 AR 144401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.144401 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CE9UI UT WOS:000352188500004 ER PT J AU Hong, YL Duan, YY Meeker, WQ Stanley, DL Gu, XH AF Hong, Yili Duan, Yuanyuan Meeker, William Q. Stanley, Deborah L. Gu, Xiaohong TI Statistical Methods for Degradation Data With Dynamic Covariates Information andanApplication to Outdoor Weathering Data SO TECHNOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE Environmental conditions; Usage history.; Organic coatings; Lifetime prediction; Covariate process; System health monitoring ID LONGITUDINAL DATA; REGRESSION; MODELS; INFERENCE; VARIABLES; FAILURE; SPLINES; TESTS AB Degradation data provide a useful resource for obtaining reliability information for some highly reliable products and systems. In addition to product/system degradation measurements, it is common nowadays to dynamically record product/system usage as well as other life-affecting environmental variables, such as load, amount of use, temperature, and humidity. We refer to these variables as dynamic covariate information. In this article, we introduce a class of models for analyzing degradation data with dynamic covariate information. We use a general path model with individual random effects to describe degradation paths and a vector time series model to describe the covariate process. Shape-restricted splines are used to estimate the effects of dynamic covariates on the degradation process. The unknown parameters in the degradation data model and the covariate process model are estimated by using maximum likelihood. We also describe algorithms for computing an estimate of the lifetime distribution induced by the proposed degradation path model. The proposed methods are illustrated with an application for predicting the life of an organic coating in a complicated dynamic environment (i.e., changing UV spectrum and intensity, temperature, and humidity). This article has supplementary material online. C1 [Hong, Yili; Duan, Yuanyuan] Virginia Tech, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Meeker, William Q.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Meeker, William Q.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Stanley, Deborah L.; Gu, Xiaohong] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hong, YL (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM yilihong@vt.edu; yyduan@vt.edu; wqmeeker@iastate.edu; deborah.stanley@nist.gov; xiaohong.gu@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-1068933]; DuPont Young Professor Grant FX The authors thank the Editor, an associate editor, and the referees, for their valuable comments that helped in improving this article. The authors acknowledge Advanced Research Computing at Virginia Tech for providing computational resources. The work by Hong and Duan was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant CMMI-1068933 to Virginia Tech and the 2011 DuPont Young Professor Grant. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 732 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1943 USA SN 0040-1706 EI 1537-2723 J9 TECHNOMETRICS JI Technometrics PD APR 3 PY 2015 VL 57 IS 2 BP 180 EP 193 DI 10.1080/00401706.2014.915891 PG 14 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA CM8HQ UT WOS:000357940300004 ER PT J AU Weiland, C Sterbinsky, GE Rumaiz, AK Hellberg, CS Woicik, JC Zhu, SB Schlom, DG AF Weiland, Conan Sterbinsky, George E. Rumaiz, Abdul K. Hellberg, C. Stephen Woicik, Joseph C. Zhu, Shaobo Schlom, Darrell G. TI Stoichiometry dependence of potential screening at La(1-delta) Al(1+delta)O3/SrTiO3 interfaces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION PARAMETERS; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; RANGE 100-5000 EV; OXIDE INTERFACES; CONDUCTIVITY; MECHANISM; SURFACES; SPECTRA AB Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) and variable kinetic energy x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (VKE-XPS) analyses have been performed on ten-unit-cell-thick La(1-delta)Al(1+delta)O3 films, with La: Al ratios of 1.1, 1.0, and 0.9, deposited on SrTiO3. Only Al-rich films are known to have a conductive interface. VKE-XPS, coupled with maximum entropy analysis, shows significant differences in the compositional depth profile among the Al-rich, La-rich, and stoichiometric films: significant La enrichment at the interface is observed in the La-rich and stoichiometric films, while the Al-rich film shows little to no intermixing. Additionally, the La-rich and stoichiometric films show a high concentration of Al at the surface, which is not observed in the Al-rich film. HAXPES valence band (VB) analysis shows a broadening of the VB for the Al-rich sample relative to the stoichiometric and La-rich samples. This broadening is consistent with an electric field across the Al-rich film. These results are consistent with a defect-driven electronic reconstruction. C1 [Weiland, Conan; Woicik, Joseph C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sterbinsky, George E.; Rumaiz, Abdul K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Hellberg, C. Stephen] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zhu, Shaobo; Schlom, Darrell G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Schlom, Darrell G.] Cornell Univ, Kavli Inst Nanoscale Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Weiland, C (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rumaiz@bnl.gov RI Weiland, Conan/K-4840-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory; AFOSR [FA6550-10-1-0524] FX Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The authors would like to thank Dr. Scott Chambers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for useful discussions. C.H. acknowledges support from the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program. Computations were performed at the AFRL and ERDC DoD Major Shared Resource Centers. Work at Cornell was supported by the AFOSR under Grant No. FA6550-10-1-0524. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 3 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 16 AR 165103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.165103 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CE8WP UT WOS:000352125100001 ER PT J AU Calder, BR AF Calder, Brian R. TI On Risk-Based Expression of Hydrographic Uncertainty SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE own-ship risk; risk models; hydrography; bathymetric modeling; Real-time underkeel clearance ID MULTIBEAM ECHOSOUNDER DATA AB Current methods for representing uncertainty in hydrographic products typically describe the type or completeness of data collected, but not the risk of transit or certainty about the data presented. This paper proposes a model for risk based on the background information, own-ship information, and how much is unknown about the area. Based on a model of underkeel clearance, dangers to navigation and other factors, the method predicts a scalar risk for an area, projected track or total voyage. The paper describes the risk assessment methodology, and illustrates it in track planning, area-based risk assessment and real-time decision support. These use cases highlight the benefits and flexibility of the model, and the concomitant requirement for calibration of input data. C1 [Calder, Brian R.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Calder, Brian R.] Univ New Hampshire, NOAA UNH Joint Hydrog Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Calder, BR (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, 24 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM brc@ccom.unh.edu FU NOAA [NA05NOS4001153, NA10NOS4000073] FX This work was supported by NOAA grants NA05NOS4001153 and NA10NOS4000073, which are gratefully acknowledged. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 EI 1521-060X J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PD APR 3 PY 2015 VL 38 IS 2 BP 99 EP 127 DI 10.1080/01490419.2014.933141 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA AW5TR UT WOS:000346337200001 ER PT J AU Ryan, JC Wu, QZ Shoemaker, RC AF Ryan, James C. Wu, Qingzhong Shoemaker, Ritchie C. TI Transcriptomic signatures in whole blood of patients who acquire a chronic inflammatory response syndrome (CIRS) following an exposure to the marine toxin ciguatoxin SO BMC MEDICAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Ciguatera; Gene expression; HLA; Ciguatoxin; Immune; Chronic inflammation; Chronic illness; Transcriptomics ID REAL-TIME PCR; GENE-EXPRESSION; CELIAC-DISEASE; VIRGIN-ISLANDS; UNITED-STATES; CIGUATERA; PLATELETS; PACIFIC; MICE; CD9 AB Background: Ciguatoxins (CTXs) are polyether marine neurotoxins found in multiple reef-fish species and are potent activators of voltage-gated sodium channels. It is estimated that up to 500,000 people annually experience acute ciguatera poisoning from consuming toxic fish and a small percentage of these victims will develop a chronic, multisymptom, multisystem illness, which can last years, termed a Chronic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (CIRS). Symptoms of ciguatera CIRS include fatigue, cognitive deficits, neurologic deficits, pain and sensitivity to light. There are few treatment options for ciguatera CIRS since little is known about its pathophysiology. Methods: This study characterizes the transcriptional profile in whole blood of 11 patients with ciguatera-induced CIRS and 11 normal controls run in duplicate using Agilent one color whole genome microarrays. Differential expression was determined by using a combination of moderated t-test p-value and fold change (FC). Significant genes were subjected to gene ontology, principal component analysis and SVM classification. Seven significant genes found by microarray were validated by PCR. Results: Using a low stringency (p < 0.05 and FC > 1.4) and a high stringency (p < 0.01 and FC > 1.5) filter, the resulting gene sets of 185 and 55, respectively, showed clear separation of cases and controls by PCA as well as 100% classification accuracy by SVM, indicating that the gene profiles can separate patients from controls. PCR results of 7 genes showed a 95% correlation to microarray data. Several genes identified by microarray are important in wound healing (CD9, CD36, vWF and Factor XIII), adaptive immunity (HLA-DQB1, DQB2, IL18R1 and IL5RA) and innate immunity (GZMK, TOLLIP, SIGIRR and VIPR2), overlapping several areas shown to be disrupted in a mouse model of acute exposure to ciguatoxin. Another area of interest was differential expression of long, non-coding sequences, or lncRNA. Conclusions: Disruptions of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms were recorded at both the genomic and proteomic level. A disruption in the HLA-T cell receptor axis could indicate HLA haplotype sensitivity for this chronic syndrome, as noted in many autoimmune conditions. Taken together, these indicators of illness provide additional insights into pathophysiology and potential therapies. C1 [Ryan, James C.; Shoemaker, Ritchie C.] ProteoGen LLC, Vero Beach, FL 32963 USA. [Ryan, James C.; Wu, Qingzhong] NOAA Ctr Excellence Oceans & Human Hlth, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Shoemaker, Ritchie C.] Ctr Res Biotoxin Assoc Illnesses, Pocomoke City, MD USA. RP Ryan, JC (reprint author), ProteoGen LLC, Vero Beach, FL 32963 USA. EM ryan.jimmy@progenome.com OI Ryan, James/0000-0002-1101-3785 FU Center for Research on Biotoxin Related Illnesses FX Dr. Shoemaker directs the Center for Research on Biotoxin Related Illnesses, a non-profit institution that has provided partial funding for this study. He is also a principal in ProteoGenomics, LLC. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1755-8794 J9 BMC MED GENOMICS JI BMC Med. Genomics PD APR 2 PY 2015 VL 8 AR 15 DI 10.1186/s12920-015-0089-x PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA CF5QB UT WOS:000352610900001 PM 25889530 ER PT J AU Godin, OA Zabotin, NA Bullett, TW AF Godin, Oleg A. Zabotin, Nikolay A. Bullett, Terence W. TI Acoustic-gravity waves in the atmosphere generated by infragravity waves in the ocean SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article DE Acoustic-gravity waves; Infragravity waves; Air-sea interaction; Ionosphere; Radio sounding ID DEEP-OCEAN; TSUNAMIS; DISSIPATION; ENERGY; DECAY; EARTH AB Infragravity waves are surface gravity waves in the ocean with periods longer than approximately 30 s. Infragravity waves propagate transoceanic distances and, because of their long wavelengths, provide a mechanism for coupling wave processes in the ocean, atmosphere, and the solid Earth. Here, we present a strict physical justification for the hypothesis that background ocean waves may generate waves in the upper atmosphere. We show that, at frequencies below a certain transition frequency of about 3 mHz, infragravity waves continuously radiate their energy into the upper atmosphere in the form of acoustic-gravity waves. Based on ionospheric observations and estimates of the fluxes of the mechanical energy and momentum from the deep ocean, we conclude that acoustic-gravity waves of oceanic origin may have an observable impact on the upper atmosphere. We anticipate our work to be a starting point for a detailed analysis of global manifestations of the ocean-generated background acoustic-gravity waves. C1 [Godin, Oleg A.; Zabotin, Nikolay A.; Bullett, Terence W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Godin, Oleg A.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zabotin, Nikolay A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bullett, Terence W.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Godin, OA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Oleg.Godin@colorado.edu RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011; Zabotin, Nikolay/A-9639-2015 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149; Zabotin, Nikolay/0000-0003-0715-1082 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-13-1-0348]; National Science Foundation [CNS-0821794] FX The authors are grateful to L. Zabotina for development of web-based visualization software for results of the Dynasonde data analysis. Insightful comments by Nozomu Nishitani and two anonymous referees helped to improve presentation. The work reported in this paper was supported by the Office of Naval Research through award N00014-13-1-0348. This project utilized the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (award number CNS-0821794) and operated by the University of Colorado Boulder. The VIPIR/Dynasonde system is hosted by NASA's Wallops Flight Facility. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1880-5981 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PD APR 2 PY 2015 VL 67 AR 47 DI 10.1186/s40623-015-0212-4 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CF5JR UT WOS:000352593800001 ER PT J AU Zabow, G Dodd, SJ Koretsky, AP AF Zabow, G. Dodd, S. J. Koretsky, A. P. TI Shape-changing magnetic assemblies as high-sensitivity NMR-readable nanoprobes SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID INTRACELLULAR PH; RESPONSIVE HYDROGEL; MULTISPECTRAL MRI; CONTRAST AGENTS; PARACEST AGENTS; RESONANCE; COMPLEXES; BIOLOGY; PROBES AB Fluorescent and plasmonic labels and sensors have revolutionized molecular biology, helping visualize cellular and biomolecular processes(1-3). Increasingly, such probes are now being designed to respond to wavelengths in the near-infrared region, where reduced tissue autofluorescence and photon attenuation enable subsurface in vivo sensing(4). But even in the near-infrared region, optical resolution and sensitivity decrease rapidly with increasing depth. Here we present a sensor design that obviates the need for optical addressability by operating in the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) radio-frequency spectrum, where signal attenuation and distortion by tissue and biological media are negligible, where background interferences vanish, and where sensors can be spatially located using standard magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) equipment. The radio-frequency-addressable sensor assemblies presented here comprise pairs of magnetic disks spaced by swellable hydrogel material; they reversibly reconfigure in rapid response to chosen stimuli, to give geometry-dependent, dynamic NMR spectral signatures. The sensors can be made from biocompatible materials, are themselves detectable down to low concentrations, and offer potential responsive NMR spectral shifts that are close to a million times greater than those of traditional magnetic resonance spectroscopies. Inherent adaptability should allow such shape-changing systems to measure numerous different environmental and physiological indicators, thus providing broadly generalizable, MRI-compatible, radio-frequency analogues to optically based probes for use in basic chemical, biological, medical and engineering research. C1 [Zabow, G.; Dodd, S. J.; Koretsky, A. P.] NINDS, Lab Funct & Mol Imaging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Zabow, G.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Phys Measurements Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zabow, G (reprint author), NINDS, Lab Funct & Mol Imaging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM gary.zabow@nist.gov FU NIH NINDS Intramural Research Program FX This work was supported in part by the NIH NINDS Intramural Research Program. We thank the NIH Mouse Imaging Facility for use of their 14 T MRI, Y. Chen for providing the MDCK cells, and J. Moreland for discussion and NIST Boulder cleanroom access. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 19 U2 191 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 2 PY 2015 VL 520 IS 7545 BP 73 EP U157 DI 10.1038/nature14294 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CE7NE UT WOS:000352027700039 PM 25778701 ER PT J AU Knipp, DJ Kilcommons, LM Gjerloev, J Redmon, RJ Slavin, J Le, G AF Knipp, D. J. Kilcommons, L. M. Gjerloev, J. Redmon, R. J. Slavin, J. Le, G. TI A large-scale view of Space Technology 5 magnetometer response to solar wind drivers SO EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FIELD; ELECTRODYNAMICS; MAGNETOSPHERE; IONOSPHERE; EVENTS; SYSTEM; DMSP AB In this data report we discuss reprocessing of the Space Technology 5 (ST5) magnetometer database for inclusion in NASA's Coordinated Data Analysis Web (CDAWeb) virtual observatory. The mission consisted of three spacecraft flying in elliptical orbits, from 27 March to 27 June 2006. Reprocessing includes (1) transforming the data into the Modified Apex Coordinate System for projection to a common reference altitude of 110 km, (2) correcting gain jumps, and (3) validating the results. We display the averaged magnetic perturbations as a keogram, which allows direct comparison of the full-mission data with the solar wind values and geomagnetic indices. With the data referenced to a common altitude, we find the following: (1) Magnetic perturbations that track the passage of corotating interaction regions and high-speed solar wind; (2) unexpectedly strong dayside perturbations during a solstice magnetospheric sawtooth oscillation interval characterized by a radial interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) component that may have enhanced the accompanying modest southward IMF; and (3) intervals of reduced magnetic perturbations or "calms," associated with periods of slow solar wind, interspersed among variable-length episodic enhancements. These calms are most evident when the IMF is northward or projects with a northward component onto the geomagnetic dipole. The reprocessed ST5 data are in very good agreement with magnetic perturbations from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft, which we also map to 110 km. We briefly discuss the methods used to remap the ST5 data and the means of validating the results against DMSP. Our methods form the basis for future intermission comparisons of space-based magnetometer data. C1 [Knipp, D. J.; Kilcommons, L. M.] Univ Colorado, Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Knipp, D. J.] NCAR, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO USA. [Gjerloev, J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Gjerloev, J.] Univ Bergen, Birkeland Ctr Excellence, Bergen, Norway. [Redmon, R. J.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Slavin, J.] Univ Michigan, Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Le, G.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Knipp, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM delores.knipp@colorado.edu RI Le, Guan/C-9524-2012; Slavin, James/H-3170-2012 OI Le, Guan/0000-0002-9504-5214; Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2333-5084 J9 Earth Space Sci JI Earth Space Sci. PD APR PY 2015 VL 2 IS 4 BP 115 EP 124 DI 10.1002/2014EA000057 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DE6NC UT WOS:000370749600004 PM 27981071 ER PT J AU Sandifer, PA Sutton-Grier, AE Ward, BP AF Sandifer, Paul A. Sutton-Grier, Ariana E. Ward, Bethney P. TI Exploring connections among nature, biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human health and well-being: Opportunities to enhance health and biodiversity conservation SO ECOSYSTEM SERVICES LA English DT Review DE Ecosystem service; Nature; Biodiversity; Human health; Policy; Conservation ID URBAN GREEN SPACE; ALLERGY-PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES; PSYCHOLOGICAL BENEFITS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; SHINRIN-YOKU; MARINE BIODIVERSITY; INDOOR PLANTS; INNER-CITY; BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENT AB We are at a key juncture in history where biodiversity loss is occurring daily and accelerating in the face of population growth, climate change, and rampant development. Simultaneously, we are just beginning to appreciate the wealth of human health benefits that stem from experiencing nature and biodiversity. Here we assessed the state of knowledge on relationships between human health and nature and biocliversity, and prepared a comprehensive listing of reported health effects. We found strong evidence linking biodiversity with production of ecosystem services and between nature exposure and human health, but many of these studies were limited in rigor and often only correlative. Much less information is available to link biodiversity and health. However, some robust studies indicate that exposure to microbial biodiversity can improve health, specifically in reducing certain allergic and respiratory diseases. Overall, much more research is needed on mechanisms of causation. Also needed are a re envisioning of land use planning that places human well-being at the center and a new coalition of ecologists, health and social scientists and planners to conduct research and develop policies that promote human interaction with nature and biodiversity. Improvements in these areas should enhance human health and ecosystem, community, as well as human resilience. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sandifer, Paul A.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Sutton-Grier, Ariana E.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Sutton-Grier, Ariana E.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Ward, Bethney P.] NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. RP Sandifer, PA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Paul.sandifer@noaa.gov; Ariana.sutton-grier@noaa.gov; Bethney.ward@noaa.gov OI Sutton-Grier, Ariana/0000-0002-1242-7728 NR 210 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 60 U2 152 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2212-0416 J9 ECOSYST SERV JI Ecosyst. Serv. PD APR PY 2015 VL 12 SI SI BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.12.007 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CU6TA UT WOS:000363665300001 ER PT J AU Sherman, K AF Sherman, Kenneth TI An LME perspective on the commentary piece by Professor Ittekkot SO ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, USDOC, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr,Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Sherman, K (reprint author), NOAA, USDOC, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr,Narragansett Lab, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM Kenneth.Sherman@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2211-4645 EI 2211-4653 J9 ENVIRON DEV JI Environ. Dev. PD APR PY 2015 VL 14 BP 64 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.envdev.2015.01.003 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CU5EE UT WOS:000363553800009 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Tong, MS Chu, W AF Zhang, Hao Tong, Mingsi Chu, Wei TI An Areal Isotropic Spline Filter for Surface Metrology SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE areal filter; Gaussian filter; high-order spline filter; isotropic characteristic ID GAUSSIAN FILTER; ROUGHNESS; ALGORITHM AB This paper deals with the application of the spline filter as an areal filter for surface metrology. A profile (2D) filter is often applied in orthogonal directions to yield an areal filter for a three-dimensional (3D) measurement. Unlike the Gaussian filter, the spline filter presents an anisotropic characteristic when used as an areal filter. This disadvantage hampers the wide application of spline filters for evaluation and analysis of areal surface topography. An approximation method is proposed in this paper to overcome the problem. In this method, a profile high-order spline filter serial is constructed to approximate the filtering characteristic of the Gaussian filter. Then an areal filter with isotropic characteristic is composed by implementing the profile spline filter in the orthogonal directions. It is demonstrated that the constructed areal filter has two important features for surface metrology: an isotropic amplitude characteristic and no end effects. Some examples of applying this method on simulated and practical surfaces are analyzed. C1 [Zhang, Hao] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Hao; Tong, Mingsi; Chu, Wei] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tong, Mingsi] Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Mech Engn, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM hao.zhang@nist.gov; mingsi.tong@nist.gov; wei.chu@nist.gov FU NIST's Forensic Measurement Challenge Project [FMC2012]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [E051101]; Jiangsu University Natural Science Foundation [12KJB460006] FX The funding for this research was provided by NIST's Forensic Measurement Challenge Project (FMC2012) the National Natural Science Foundation of China (E051101) and Jiangsu University Natural Science Foundation (12KJB460006). The authors are grateful to Vorburger TV and Li Ma for their editorial comments and helpful revisions. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2015 VL 120 DI 10.6028/jres.120.006 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CN8WA UT WOS:000358725100001 ER PT J AU Thompson, TE Wicker, LJ Wang, XG Potvin, C AF Thompson, Therese E. Wicker, Louis J. Wang, Xuguang Potvin, Corey TI A comparison between the Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter and the Ensemble Square Root Filter for the assimilation of radar data in convective-scale models SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ensemble data assimilation; radar data assimilation; convective-allowing models; LETKF; EnSRF ID SYSTEM SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC DATA ASSIMILATION; EFFICIENT DATA ASSIMILATION; WARN-ON-FORECAST; PART I; DUAL-DOPPLER; SUPERCELL; STORM; THUNDERSTORM; OKLAHOMA AB Two ensemble data assimilation methods are used to assimilate Doppler radar observations into a convection-allowing model. The analyses and subsequent forecasts from the two systems are compared. The Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (LETKF) simultaneously assimilates all observations that can impact the model state at a given location. It is compared to the Ensemble Square Root Filter (EnSRF), which assimilates observations sequentially and has commonly been used for convective-scale Doppler radar data assimilation. While the filters should behave the same for ideal systems, a comparison between the serial and simultaneous filters has not previously been explored at the convective scale where significant nonlinear effects are present. Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) are first used to compare the assimilation systems for the analysis and forecast of a supercell thunderstorm. Both the EnSRF and LETKF produce reasonable analyses from the Doppler velocity and reflectivity observations of the true supercell. Small improvements in analysis errors and system noise from the LETKF simultaneous update do not significantly impact the subsequent forecasts. This result is consistent across a range of localization length-scales and is independent of the manner in which localization is applied. Tests comparing the EnSRF and LETKF for a real-data case also have small differences. The magnitudes of these differences are similar to those that arise from the sampling variability associated with a finite ensemble. Overall, the results suggest the EnSRF and LETKF approaches are equally capable methods for radar data assimilation at convective scales. C1 [Thompson, Therese E.; Wang, Xuguang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Thompson, Therese E.; Potvin, Corey] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Thompson, Therese E.; Wicker, Louis J.; Potvin, Corey] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Thompson, TE (reprint author), 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 5900, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM terra.thompson@noaa.gov RI Ladwig, Therese/N-3272-2014; Wang, Xuguang/C-5458-2013 OI Ladwig, Therese/0000-0002-0950-274X; FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; US Department of Commerce; NSF [AGS-1046081] FX The authors are grateful to two anonymous reviewers and the associate editor for useful remarks and suggestions. The authors are thankful for constructive feedback from editor Juanzhen Sun and two anonymous reviewers on portion of this work that was previously submitted to Monthly Weather Review. We appreciate Takemasa Miyoshi for making his LETKF core code publicly available. Warn-on-Forecast funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement No. NA11OAR4320072, US Department of Commerce. The third author is supported by NSF AGS-1046081. NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2015 VL 141 IS 689 BP 1163 EP 1176 DI 10.1002/qj.2423 PN B PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL2VW UT WOS:000356805700014 ER PT J AU Suzuki, Y Hayashi, M Yasukawa, T Kobayashi, H Makino, K Hirano, Y Takagi, S Chow, LC Ogiso, B AF Suzuki, Yusuke Hayashi, Makoto Yasukawa, Takuya Kobayashi, Hiroshi Makino, Kosuke Hirano, Yoriyuki Takagi, Shozo Chow, Laurence C. Ogiso, Bunnai TI Development of a novel fluorapatite-forming calcium phosphate cement with calcium silicate: In vitro and in vivo characteristics SO DENTAL MATERIALS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Calcium phosphate cement; Fluorapatite; Calcium silicate; Endodontic cement ID MINERAL TRIOXIDE AGGREGATE; RAT CONNECTIVE-TISSUE; END FILLING MATERIAL; BONE-FORMATION; APATITE; MTA AB Aim of this study was to develop a novel fluorapatite-forming calcium phosphate cement (FA-CPC) with tricalcium silicate (TCS) for endodontic applications and to examine its in, vitro and in vivo characteristics. The FA-CPC powder consisted of 62.8% CaHPO4, 30.8% CaCO3, and 6.4% NaF. One part of TCS was combined with 9 parts of FA-CPC powder (FA-CPC with TCS). A 1.5 M phosphate solution was used as cement liquid. Setting time (ST), diametral tensile strength (DTS), phase composition by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and cement alkalinity were analyzed. Cement biocompatibility was assessed using rat subcutaneous model. Cement ST was 10.3 +/- 0.6 min and DTS was 3.89 +/- 0.76 MPa. XRD patterns showed that highly crystalline apatitic material was the only significant phase present and pH value was approximate 11.0. FA-CPC with TCS demonstrated similar biocompatibility as that of mineral trioxide aggregate control. These results suggest that FA-CPC with TCS may be useful for endodontic applications. C1 [Suzuki, Yusuke; Hayashi, Makoto; Yasukawa, Takuya; Kobayashi, Hiroshi; Makino, Kosuke; Hirano, Yoriyuki; Ogiso, Bunnai] Nihon Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1018310, Japan. [Takagi, Shozo; Chow, Laurence C.] NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Dr Anthony Volpe Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hayashi, M (reprint author), Nihon Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont, Chiyoda Ku, 1-8-13 Kanda Surugadai, Tokyo 1018310, Japan. EM hayashi.makoto53@nihon-u.ac.jp FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [26462898]; Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry FX We would like to thank Dr. Masatake ASANO for his contribution to this research effort. This research work was financially supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C-#26462898) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (M.H.) and grant from the Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry for 2012, 2013, and 2014. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU JAPANESE SOC DENTAL MATERIALS DEVICES PI TOKYO PA C/O KOKU HOKEN KYOKAI, 1-43-9 KOMAGOME TS BDG, KOMAGOME, TOSHIMA-KU, TOKYO, 170-0003, JAPAN SN 0287-4547 J9 DENT MATER J JI Dent. Mater. J. PD APR PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 263 EP 269 DI 10.4012/dmj.2014-255 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA CK1JE UT WOS:000355962800019 PM 25740309 ER PT J AU Schmit, TJ Goodman, SJ Gunshor, MM Sieglaff, J Heidinger, AK Bachmeier, AS Lindstrom, SS Terborg, A Feltz, J Bah, K Rudlosky, S Lindsey, DT Rabin, RM Schmidt, CC AF Schmit, Timothy J. Goodman, Steven J. Gunshor, Mathew M. Sieglaff, Justin Heidinger, Andrew K. Bachmeier, A. Scott Lindstrom, Scott S. Terborg, Amanda Feltz, Joleen Bah, Kaba Rudlosky, Scott Lindsey, Daniel T. Rabin, Robert M. Schmidt, Christopher C. TI Rapid Refresh Information of Significant Events: Preparing Users for the Next Generation of Geostationary Operational Satellites SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GOES-R; SEVERE WEATHER; DEVELOPING CONVECTION; GOES IMAGERY; SYSTEM AB The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-14 (GOES-14) imager was operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in an experimental rapid scan 1-min mode during parts of the summers of 2012 and 2013. This scan mode, known as the super rapid scan operations for GOES-R (SRSOR), emulates the high-temporal-resolution sampling of the mesoscale region scanning of the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) on the next-generation GOES-R series. This paper both introduces these unique datasets and highlights future satellite imager capabilities. Many phenomena were observed from GOES-14, including fog, clouds, severe storms, fires and smoke (including the California Rim Fire), and several tropical cyclones. In 2012 over 6 days of SRSOR data of Hurricane Sandy were acquired. In 2013, the first two days of SRSOR in June observed the propagation and evolution of a mid-Atlantic derecho. The data from August 2013 were unique in that the GOES imager operated in nearly continuous 1-min mode; prior to this time, the 1-min data were interrupted every 3 h for full disk scans. Used in a number of NOAA test beds and operational centers, including NOAA's Storm Prediction Center (SPC), the Aviation Weather Center (AWC), the Ocean Prediction Center (OPC), and the National Hurricane Center (NHC), these experimental data prepare users for the next-generation imager, which will be able to routinely acquire mesoscale (1,000 km x 1,000 km) images every 30 s (or two separate locations every minute). Several animations are included, showcasing the rapid change of the many phenomena observed during SRSOR from the GOES-14 imager. C1 [Schmit, Timothy J.; Heidinger, Andrew K.] NOAA, Adv Satellite Prod Branch, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Goodman, Steven J.] NOAA, GOES R Program Off, NESDIS, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Gunshor, Mathew M.; Sieglaff, Justin; Bachmeier, A. Scott; Lindstrom, Scott S.; Terborg, Amanda; Feltz, Joleen; Bah, Kaba; Schmidt, Christopher C.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Rudlosky, Scott] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Lindsey, Daniel T.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Rabin, Robert M.] NOAA, NSSL, Norman, OK USA. RP Schmit, TJ (reprint author), NOAA, Adv Satellite Prod Branch, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM tim.j.schmit@noaa.gov RI Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010; Rudlosky, Scott/H-4309-2011; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010; Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010 OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X; Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683 NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2015 VL 96 IS 4 BP 561 EP 576 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00210.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ3VR UT WOS:000355412800002 ER PT J AU Tourville, N Stephens, G DeMaria, M Vane, D AF Tourville, Natalie Stephens, Graeme DeMaria, Mark Vane, Deborah TI Remote Sensing of Tropical Cyclones: Observations from CloudSat and A-Train Profilers SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; HURRICANE RAINBAND; INTENSITY CHANGE; MOTION; PREDICTION; EVOLUTION; MODEL AB CloudSat (CS) heralded a new era of profiling the planet's cloud systems and storms with its launch in 2006. This satellite flies the first 94-GHz spaceborne Cloud Profiling Radar, and the data collected have provided a unique perspective on Earth's cloudiness and processes that affect clouds. CS flies in formation with the afternoon satellite constellation, a collection of active and passive satellite sensors offering near-simultaneous observations of the same cloud phenomena. While passes of the nadir-pointing Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) antenna occur infrequently over tropical cyclones, they happen enough to provide a detailed compilation of the inner structure of clouds and precipitation of these complex storm systems. Nearly 8,000 vertical profiles of TCs have been collected during the period June 2006-December 2013 and observations continue as CS flies in daylight-only mode. These observations have been assembled into a one-of-a-kind dataset of three-dimensional features revealing precipitation areas, moats, and multilayered clouds. Each unique overpass profiled by CS has been compiled with corresponding A-Train sensors, model data, and storm-specific best-track information. The multisensor components of the CS and A-Train TC dataset together with these other data are summarized and cataloged as a function of radial distance from storm center. Example imagery is provided along with stratified reflectivity profiles detailing changes in storm structures across varying environmental shear conditions. The data reported on in this paper offer an unprecedented view of these major storm types and their inner structure. C1 [Tourville, Natalie] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stephens, Graeme; Vane, Deborah] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [DeMaria, Mark] Natl Hurricane Ctr, Technol & Sci Branch, Miami, FL USA. RP Tourville, N (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, 1375 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM natalie.tourville@colostate.edu FU NASA JPL [1439268] FX We would like to acknowledge the Satellite Meteorological Applications Section at the Naval Research Laboratory for its assistance in creating the TC composites and the CS DPC for supplying the data used throughout this study. Special thanks to Cristian Mistrescu, Kim Richardson, and Steve Miller for their assistance on this project. Special thanks to John Knaff and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful and helpful feedback. This project is funded under NASA JPL Contract 1439268. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2015 VL 96 IS 4 BP 609 EP 622 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00282.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ3VS UT WOS:000355412900001 ER PT J AU Roebeling, R Baum, B Bennartz, R Hamann, U Heidinger, A Meirink, JF Stengel, M Thoss, A Walther, A Watts, P AF Roebeling, Rob Baum, Bryan Bennartz, Ralf Hamann, Ulrich Heidinger, Andrew Meirink, Jan Fokke Stengel, Martin Thoss, Anke Walther, Andi Watts, Phil TI Summary of the Fourth Cloud Retrieval Evaluation Workshop SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Roebeling, Rob; Watts, Phil] EUMETSAT, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany. [Baum, Bryan; Bennartz, Ralf; Walther, Andi] Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Hamann, Ulrich] MeteoSwiss, Locarno, Switzerland. [Heidinger, Andrew] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Madison, WI USA. [Meirink, Jan Fokke] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Stengel, Martin] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany. [Thoss, Anke] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. RP Roebeling, R (reprint author), EUMETSAT, Eumetsat Allee 1, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany. EM rob.roebeling@eumetsat.int RI Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011; Hamann, Ulrich/G-5388-2016; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010; Stengel, Martin/C-9801-2010 OI Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767; Hamann, Ulrich/0000-0001-8091-722X; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X; FU EUMETSAT; ESA; DWD; CM SAF FX The intercomparison and evaluation of retrievals schemes, done as preparatory work to this workshop, was part of the EUMESTAT Fellowship project cosponsored by EUMETSAT. Financial and organizational contributions for holding this workshop were made by EUMETSAT, ESA, DWD, and CM SAF. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2015 VL 96 IS 4 BP ES71 EP ES74 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00184.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ3VV UT WOS:000355413200001 ER PT J AU Hennon, CC Knapp, KR Schreck, CJ Stevens, SE Kossin, JP Thorne, PW Hennon, PA Kruk, MC Rennie, J Gadea, JM Striegl, M Carley, I AF Hennon, Christopher C. Knapp, Kenneth R. Schreck, Carl J., III Stevens, Scott E. Kossin, James P. Thorne, Peter W. Hennon, Paula A. Kruk, Michael C. Rennie, Jared Gadea, Jean-Maurice Striegl, Maximilian Carley, Ian TI Cyclone Center: Can Citizen Scientists Improve Tropical Cyclone Intensity Records? SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; AIRCRAFT RECONNAISSANCE; DVORAK TECHNIQUE; REANALYSIS; TRACKS; DATABASE; DATASETS; IBTRACS AB The global tropical cyclone (TC) intensity record, even in modern times, is uncertain because the vast majority of storms are only observed remotely. Forecasters determine the maximum wind speed using a patchwork of sporadic observations and remotely sensed data. A popular tool that aids forecasters is the Dvorak technique-a procedural system that estimates the maximum wind based on cloud features in IR and/or visible satellite imagery. Inherently, the application of the Dvorak procedure is open to subjectivity. Heterogeneities are also introduced into the historical record with the evolution of operational procedures, personnel, and observing platforms. These uncertainties impede our ability to identify the relationship between tropical cyclone intensities and, for example, recent climate change. A global reanalysis of TC intensity using experts is difficult because of the large number of storms. We will show that it is possible to effectively reanalyze the global record using crowdsourcing. Through modifying the Dvorak technique into a series of simple questions that amateurs ("citizen scientists") can answer on a website, we are working toward developing a new TC dataset that resolves intensity discrepancies in several recent TCs. Preliminary results suggest that the performance of human classifiers in some cases exceeds that of an automated Dvorak technique applied to the same data for times when the storm is transitioning into a hurricane. C1 [Hennon, Christopher C.] Univ N Carolina, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Knapp, Kenneth R.; Kossin, James P.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Schreck, Carl J., III; Stevens, Scott E.; Hennon, Paula A.; Rennie, Jared] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites CICS NC, Asheville, NC USA. [Kossin, James P.] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Thorne, Peter W.] Nansen Environm & Remote Sensing Ctr, Bergen, Norway. [Kruk, Michael C.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, ERT Inc, Asheville, NC USA. RP Hennon, CC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, 1 Univ Hts,CPO 2450, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. EM chennon@unca.edu RI Rennie, Jared/E-2984-2015; Knapp, Kenneth/E-9817-2011; Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014; Kossin, James/C-2022-2016; Schreck, Carl/B-8711-2011 OI Rennie, Jared/0000-0002-3316-9668; Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798; Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794; Schreck, Carl/0000-0001-9331-5754 FU Citizen Science Alliance development grant from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Risk Prediction Initiative (RPI); NOAA/Climate Data Record (CDR) Program through CICS-NC FX Cyclone Center was made possible through the support of a Citizen Science Alliance development grant from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and funding from the Risk Prediction Initiative (RPI). The team at Zooniverse, based at Adler Planetarium in Chicago, IL, worked closely with us on the design and development of the Cyclone Center website and continues to support the project to this day. In particular we acknowledge Brian Carstensen, Michael Parrish, Arfon Smith, Chris Snyder, David Weiner, Chris Lintott, David Miller, and Kelly Borden. We would like to also acknowledge the 8,000+ citizen scientists around the world who have made this research possible. Additional research support was provided by Brady Blackburn (Asheville High School/University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) and Kyle Gayan (University of North Carolina at Asheville). Thorne was an employee of CICS-NC for the early portions of the project. Schreck and Stevens received support from the NOAA/Climate Data Record (CDR) Program through CICS-NC. Finally, we acknowledge the three thoughtful reviewers who provided valuable feedback and suggestions for future work. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2015 VL 96 IS 4 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00152.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ3VR UT WOS:000355412800004 ER PT J AU Timofeyeva-Livezey, M Horsfall, F Hollingshead, A Meyers, J Dupigny-Giroux, LA AF Timofeyeva-Livezey, Marina Horsfall, Fiona Hollingshead, Annette Meyers, Jenna Dupigny-Giroux, Lesley-Ann TI NOAA Local Climate Analysis Tool (LCAT): Data, Methods, and Usability SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NORMALS; PREDICTION AB NOAA's NWS implemented the new Local Climate Analysis Tool (LCAT) on 1 July 2013. The tool supports the delivery of climate services by quickly providing information to help with climate-sensitive decisions and to facilitate the development of local climate studies and assessments. LCAT provides its users with the ability to conduct local climate variability and change analyses using scientific techniques and the most trusted data, identified through consultation and approval with NOAA subject matter experts. LCAT data include climate-relevant surface observations for individual stations, regional divisions, and gridded reanalysis output. LCAT methods include trend-fitting techniques to assess the local rate of climate change, frequency and conditional probability analyses, and correlation studies to identify existing relationships between local climate and modes of climate variability, such as El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The tool produces customized output for individual users through a web-interface. These include graphical and tabular numeric data that can be either saved in the LCAT online environment or exported in standard formats for further analysis. For each query, LCAT provides an explanation for all graphical output to help users interpret the scientific results. LCAT also offers training modules explaining usability, data, scientific methods, and potential applications, with emphasis on the tool's appropriate and inappropriate uses. Examples of LCAT applications include guidance for planning, resources management, and assessment purposes. LCAT has the potential for expansion to include a wide variety of datasets for broader application in environmental and socioeconomic decision support. C1 [Timofeyeva-Livezey, Marina; Horsfall, Fiona; Meyers, Jenna] NOAA, Climate Serv Div, Off Climate Water & Weather Serv, NWS, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Hollingshead, Annette] Innovim, Honolulu, HI USA. [Dupigny-Giroux, Lesley-Ann] Univ Vermont, Dept Geog, Burlington, VT USA. RP Timofeyeva-Livezey, M (reprint author), Climate Serv, W-OS4,Rm 13344,SSMC2,1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Marina.Timofeyeva@noaa.gov FU NOAA Climate Program Office; CPC; NCDC; Meteorological Development Laboratory FX The authors express profound gratitude to Nicole McGavock, Barbara Mayes-Boustead, Clinton Rockey, Michael Churma, Kenneth Sperow, James Zdrojewski, and other NWS local-offices staff for providing field input during LCAT development. Our sincere appreciation goes to Tim McCalmant and other Orion staff who worked on developing the LCAT online interface, Robert Livezey for scientific advice throughout the work on this project, and Catherine Smith for help with the ESRL correlation tool. We are grateful to David Unger, Mike Halpert, Michelle L'Heureux, Anthony Arguez, Russell Vose, Bob Glahn, Wayne Higgins, Huug van den Dool, Mark Svoboda, Tim Brown, Muthuvel Chelliah, Jerry Bell, Derek Arndt, and other SAT members, who provided operational insight and scientific expertise. We are thankful for operational updates in NCDC homogenized datasets provided by Matthew Menne and Claude Williams. Support provided by Roger Pulwarty and David Herring helped to implement LCAT's drought and decision-support components The authors thank the NOAA Climate Program Office, CPC, NCDC, and Meteorological Development Laboratory for continuous support during LCAT development. We are also very thankful to the BAMS reviewers for valuable suggestions and critique that led to improvements in the paper. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2015 VL 96 IS 4 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00187.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ3VO UT WOS:000355412500001 ER PT J AU Sun, YY Matsuo, T Maruyama, N Liu, JY AF Sun, Yang-Yi Matsuo, Tomoko Maruyama, Naomi Liu, Jann-Yenq TI Field-aligned neutral wind bias correction scheme for global ionospheric modeling at midlatitudes by assimilating FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC hmF(2) data under geomagnetically quiet conditions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE neutral wind correction; FORMOSAT-3; COSMIC; IPE; MSNA; WSA; data assimilation; h(m)F(2) ID TOTAL ELECTRON-CONTENT; RADIO OCCULTATION; LOW-LATITUDE; THERMOSPHERE; DENSITY; STORMS; ATMOSPHERE; HEIGHT; MIDDLE AB This study demonstrates the usage of a data assimilation procedure, which ingests the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (F3/C) h(m)F(2) observations to correct the model wind biases to enhance the capability of the new global Ionosphere Plasmasphere Electrodynamics (IPE) model under geomagnetically quiet conditions. The IPE model is built upon the field line interhemispheric plasma model with a realistic geomagnetic field model and empirical model drivers. The h(m)F(2) observed by the F3/C radio occultation technique is utilized to adjust global thermospheric field-aligned neutral winds (i.e., a component of the thermospheric neutral wind parallel to the magnetic field) at midlatitudes according to a linear relationship between time differentials of the field-aligned wind and h(m)F(2). The adjusted winds are further applied to drive the IPE model. The comparison of the modeled electron density with the observations of F3/C and ground-based GPS receivers at the 2012 March equinox suggests that the modeled electron density can be significantly improved in the midlatitude regions of the Southern Hemisphere, if the wind correction scheme is applied. Moreover, the F3/C observation, the IPE model, and the wind bias correction scheme are applied to study the 2012 Southern Hemisphere Midlatitude Summer Nighttime Anomaly (southern MSNA)/Weddell Sea Anomaly (WSA) event at December solstice for examining the role of the neutral winds in controlling the longitudinal variation of the southern MSNA/WSA behavior. With the help of the wind bias correction scheme, the IPE model better tracks the F3/C-observed eastward movement of the southern MSNA/WSA feature. The apparent eastward movement of the southern MSNA/WSA features in the local time coordinate is primarily caused by the longitudinal variation in the declination angle of the geomagnetic field that controls the field-aligned projection of both geographic meridional and zonal components of the neutral wind. Both the IPE simulations and the F3/C observations show the significant longitudinal variation in the speed of the eastward movement of the southern MSNA/WSA. C1 [Sun, Yang-Yi; Matsuo, Tomoko; Maruyama, Naomi] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sun, Yang-Yi; Matsuo, Tomoko; Maruyama, Naomi] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Sun, Yang-Yi; Liu, Jann-Yenq] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. RP Liu, JY (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. EM jyliu@jupiter.ss.ncu.edu.tw RI Liu, Jann-Yenq/Q-1668-2015 FU NASA [NNX09AJ83G, NNX11AD70G]; Taiwan National Science Council (NSC) [NSC 102-2628-M-008-001] FX This study is supported by the NASA awards NNX09AJ83G and NNX11AD70G to University of Colorado at Boulder, and the Taiwan National Science Council (NSC) grant NSC 102-2628-M-008-001. Yang-Yi Sun sincerely thanks Karen Fay O'Loughlin, Phil Richards, Tzu-Wei Fang, and Tim Fuller-Rowell for useful discussions and valuable assistance with the paper. The authors gratefully acknowledge the International GNSS Service (IGS) for providing GPS data. The GPS data for this paper are available at the Scripps Orbit and Permanent Array Center (SOPAC). Data set: acu5ddd0.yyd, artuddd0.yyd, petsddd0.yyd, palmddd0.yyd, marnddd0.yyd, and hob2ddd0.yyd. The authors thank COSMIC Data Analysis and Archival Center (CDAAC) and Taiwan Analysis Center for COSMIC (TACC) for making the F3/C data available online. Data set: post-processing ionPrf. The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their comments that help improve this paper. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR PY 2015 VL 120 IS 4 BP 3130 EP 3149 DI 10.1002/2014JA020768 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CI6TL UT WOS:000354894800055 ER PT J AU Lupton, J Rubin, KH Arculus, R Lilley, M Butterfield, D Resing, J Baker, E Embley, R AF Lupton, John Rubin, Ken H. Arculus, Richard Lilley, Marvin Butterfield, David Resing, Joseph Baker, Edward Embley, Robert TI Helium isotope, C/He-3, and Ba-Nb-Ti signatures in the northern Lau Basin: Distinguishing arc, back-arc, and hotspot affinities SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE helium; carbon; Lau Basin; back-arc; subduction zones ID LOIHI SEAMOUNT; NOBLE-GASES; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; MANTLE COMPONENTS; PLATE BOUNDARIES; ISLAND BASALTS; RAPID CHANGES; SAMOAN LAVAS; SYSTEMATICS; CARBON AB The northern Lau Basin hosts a complicated pattern of volcanism, including Tofua Arc volcanoes, several back-arc spreading centers, and individual rear-arc volcanoes not associated with these structures. Elevated He-3/He-4 ratios in lavas of the NW Lau Spreading Center suggest the influence of a mantle plume, possibly from Samoa. We show that lavas from mid-ocean ridges, volcanic arcs, and hotspots occupy distinct, nonoverlapping fields in a He-3/He-4 versus C/He-3 plot. Applied to the northern Lau Basin, this approach shows that most of Lau back-arc spreading systems have mid-ocean ridge He-3/He-4-C/He-3 characteristics, except the NW Lau spreading center, which has He-3/He-4-C/He-3 similar to high He-3 hotspots such as Loihi, Kilauea, and Yellowstone, but with slightly lower C/He-3. Niua seamount, on the northern extension of the Tofua Arc, falls squarely in the arc field. All the NE Lau rear-arc volcanoes, including the recently erupting West Mata, also have arc-like He-3/He-4-C/He-3 characteristics. Ba-Nb-Ti contents of the lavas, which are more traditional trace element indicators of mantle source enrichment, depletion, and subduction input, likewise indicate arc and hot spot influences in the lavas of the northern Lau Basin, but in a more ambiguous fashion because of a complex prior history. This verifies that He-3/He-4-C/He-3 systematics are useful for differentiating between mid-ocean ridge, arc, and hotspot affinities in submarine volcanic systems, that all three of these affinities are expressed in the northern Lau Basin, and provides additional support for the Samoan plume influence in the region. C1 [Lupton, John; Embley, Robert] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR USA. [Rubin, Ken H.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Arculus, Richard] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Lilley, Marvin] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Butterfield, David; Resing, Joseph; Baker, Edward] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lupton, J (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR USA. EM John.E.Lupton@noaa.gov RI Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016; OI Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279; Rubin, Kenneth/0000-0002-8554-1337 FU Earth-Ocean Interactions; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148] FX We thank the captains and crews of the R/V Southern Surveyor, the R/V Thomas Thompson, the R/V Kilo Moana, and the R/V Roger Revelle for their assistance in the collection of the samples for this study. The teams for the ROPOS and Jason ROVs made it possible to obtain high-quality vent fluid samples. L. Evans and R. Greene collected samples at sea and carried out the laboratory analytical work. We thank S. Merle for generating the cruise reports for the TN-234, KM1024, and RR1211 expeditions and for assistance with the figures, and S. Glancy for assistance with sample preparation for XRF analysis. We thank M. Jackson, J. Pearce, A. Colin, and one other reviewer for constructive reviews of the manuscript. Funding was supplied by the NOAA Vents (now Earth-Ocean Interactions) Program and by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148. This is PMEL publication No. 4224, JISAO contribution No. 2375 and SOEST contribution 9287. NR 80 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD APR PY 2015 VL 16 IS 4 BP 1133 EP 1155 DI 10.1002/2014GC005625 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CI4TO UT WOS:000354746900010 ER PT J AU Bik, HM Dove, ADM Goldstein, MC Helm, RR MacPherson, R Martini, K Warneke, A McClain, C AF Bik, Holly M. Dove, Alistair D. M. Goldstein, Miriam C. Helm, Rebecca R. MacPherson, Rick Martini, Kim Warneke, Alexandria McClain, Craig TI Ten Simple Rules for Effective Online Outreach SO PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bik, Holly M.] Univ Calif Davis, UC Davis Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bik, Holly M.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Dove, Alistair D. M.] Georgia Aquarium Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Goldstein, Miriam C.] Calif Sea Grant, La Jolla, CA USA. [Helm, Rebecca R.] Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [MacPherson, Rick] Pelagia Consulting, San Francisco, CA USA. [Martini, Kim] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Martini, Kim] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Warneke, Alexandria] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [McClain, Craig] Natl Evolutionary Synth Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Bik, HM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, UC Davis Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM holly.bik@gmail.com OI Dove, Alistair/0000-0003-3239-4772; McClain, Craig/0000-0003-0574-428X NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-734X EI 1553-7358 J9 PLOS COMPUT BIOL JI PLoS Comput. Biol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 11 IS 4 AR e1003906 DI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003906 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA CI1PX UT WOS:000354517600001 PM 25879439 ER PT J AU Diederich, M Ryzhkov, A Simmer, C Zhang, PF Tromel, S AF Diederich, Malte Ryzhkov, Alexander Simmer, Clemens Zhang, Pengfei Troemel, Silke TI Use of Specific Attenuation for Rainfall Measurement at X-Band Radar Wavelengths. Part I: Radar Calibration and Partial Beam Blockage Estimation SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Precipitation; Rainfall; Hydrometeorology; Radars; Radar observations; Remote sensing ID PATH-INTEGRATED ATTENUATION; WEATHER RADAR; C-BAND; DIFFERENTIAL PHASE; SYSTEMS; REFLECTIVITY; ACCURACY AB In a two-part paper, radar rain-rate retrievals using specific attenuation A suggested by Ryzhkov et al. are thoroughly investigated. Continuous time series of overlapping measurements from two twin polarimetric X-band weather radars in Germany during the summers of 2011-13 are used to analyze various aspects of rain-rate retrieval, including miscalibration correction, mitigation of ground clutter contamination and partial beam blockage (PBB), sensitivity to precipitation characteristics, and the temperature assumptions of the R(A) technique. In this paper, the relations inherent to the R(A) method are used to estimate radar reflectivity Z from A and compare it to the measured Z in order to estimate PBB and calibration offsets for both radars. The fields of Z estimated from A for both radars are consistent, and the differences between Z(A) and measured Z are in good agreement with the ones calculated using either consistency relations between reflectivity at horizontal polarization Z(H), differential reflectivity Z(DR), and specific differential phase K-DP in rain or a digital elevation model in the presence of PBB. In the analysis, the dependence of A on temperature appears to have minimal effects on the overall performance of the method. As expected, the difference between Z(A) and attenuation-corrected measured Z observations varies with rain type and exhibits a weak systematic dependency on rainfall intensity; thus, averaging over several rain events is required to obtain reliable estimates of the Z biases caused by radar miscalibration and PBB. C1 [Diederich, Malte; Troemel, Silke] Univ Bonn, Hans Ertel Ctr Weather Res, Atmospher Dynam & Predictabil Branch, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Ryzhkov, Alexander; Zhang, Pengfei] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ryzhkov, Alexander; Zhang, Pengfei] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Simmer, Clemens] Univ Bonn, Inst Meteorol, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP Diederich, M (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Hans Ertel Ctr Weather Res, Hugel 20, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM malte.diederich@uni-bonn.de RI Simmer, Clemens/M-4949-2013 OI Simmer, Clemens/0000-0003-3001-8642 FU BMVBS (Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development); D5 project of TR32 "Patterns in Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Systems" -Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. National Weather Service, Federal Aviation Administration; U.S. Department of Defense FX This research was carried out at the Hans Ertel Centre for Weather Research, a network of universities, research institutes, and the Deutscher Wetterdienst, funded by the BMVBS (Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development). The work was also supported by the D5 project of TR32 "Patterns in Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Systems," funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). X-band weather radar data were provided by the ABC/J Geoverbund, TR32, and the TERENO project of the Helmholtz Association. The C-band weather radar of Offenthal was provided by the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD). The topography map that the DEM-derived PBB calculations are based on was obtained from NASA and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. Special thanks to Kai Muhlbauer, Martin Lennefer, Normen Hermes, and Heye Bogena for providing the X-band data and toKathrin Wapler and Patrick Tracksdorf for providing the C-band radar data. Funding for A. Ryzhkov and P. Zhang was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-OU Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce, and by the U.S. National Weather Service, Federal Aviation Administration, and U.S. Department of Defense program for modernization of NEXRAD radars. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 16 IS 2 BP 487 EP 502 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-14-0066.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CF7KM UT WOS:000352735100002 ER PT J AU Diederich, M Ryzhkov, A Simmer, C Zhang, PF Tromel, S AF Diederich, Malte Ryzhkov, Alexander Simmer, Clemens Zhang, Pengfei Troemel, Silke TI Use of Specific Attenuation for Rainfall Measurement at X-Band Radar Wavelengths. Part II: Rainfall Estimates and Comparison with Rain Gauges SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Precipitation; Rainfall; Data processing; Radars; Radar observations; Remote sensing ID POLARIMETRIC RADAR; DIFFERENTIAL PHASE; WEATHER RADAR; C-BAND; ALGORITHM AB In a series of two papers, rain-rate retrievals based on specific attenuation A at radar X-band wavelength using the R(A) method presented by Ryzhkov et al. are thoroughly investigated. Continuous time series of overlapping measurements from two polarimetric X-band weather radars in Germany during the summers of 2011-13 are used to analyze various aspects of the method, like miscalibration correction, ground clutter contamination, partial beam blockage (PBB), sensitivity to precipitation characteristics, and sensitivity to temperature assumptions in the retrievals. In Part I of the series, the relations inherent to the R(A) method were used to calculate radar reflectivity Z from specific attenuation and it was compared with measured reflectivity to estimate PBB and calibration errors for both radars. In this paper, R(A) rain estimates are compared to R(Z) and R(K-DP) retrievals using specific phase shift K-DP. PBB and calibration corrections derived in Part I made the R(Z) rainfall estimates almost perfectly consistent. Accumulated over five summer months, rainfall maps showed strong effects of clutter contamination if R(K-DP) is used and weaker impact on R(A). These effects could be reduced by processing the phase shift measurements with more resilience toward ground clutter contamination and by substituting problematic R(K-DP) or R(A) estimates with R(Z). Hourly and daily accumulations from rain estimators are compared with rain gauge measurements; the results show that R(A) complemented by R(Z) in segments with low total differential phase shift correlates best with gauges and has the lowest bias and RMSE, followed by R(K-DP) substituted with R(Z) at rain rates below 8 mm h(-1). C1 [Diederich, Malte; Troemel, Silke] Univ Bonn, Hans Ertel Ctr Weather Res, Atmospher Dynam & Predictabil Branch, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Ryzhkov, Alexander; Zhang, Pengfei] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ryzhkov, Alexander; Zhang, Pengfei] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Simmer, Clemens] Univ Bonn, Inst Meteorol, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP Diederich, M (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Hans Ertel Ctr Weather Res, Hugel 20, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM malte.diederich@uni-bonn.de RI Simmer, Clemens/M-4949-2013 OI Simmer, Clemens/0000-0003-3001-8642 FU BMVBS (Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development); D5 project of TR32 "Patterns in Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Systems" - Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. National Weather Service, Federal Aviation Administration; U.S. Department of Defense FX This research was carried out in the Hans Ertel Centre for Weather Research, a network of universities, research institutes, and the Deutscher Wetterdienst, funded by the BMVBS (Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development). The work was also supported by the D5 project of TR32 "Patterns in Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Systems," funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). X-band weather radar data were provided by the ABC/J Geoverbund, TR32, and the TERENO project of the Helmholtz Association. The C-band weather radar of Offenthal was provided by the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD). The topography map that the DEM-derived PBB calculations are based on was obtained from NASA and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. Special thanks to Kai Muhlbauer, Martin Lennefer, Normen Hermes, and Heye Bogena for providing the X-band data and to Kathrin Wapler and Patrick Tracksdorf for providing the C-band radar data. Rain gauge data were provided by the Erftverband, Landesumweltamt Nordrhein-Westfalen, and the city of Bonn. Funding for A. Ryzhkov and P. Zhang was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-OU Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce, and by the U.S. National Weather Service, Federal Aviation Administration, and U.S. Department of Defense program for modernization of NEXRAD radars. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 16 IS 2 BP 503 EP 516 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-14-0067.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CF7KM UT WOS:000352735100003 ER PT J AU Phillips, CL McFarlane, KJ LaFranchi, B Desai, AR Miller, JB Lehman, SJ AF Phillips, Claire L. McFarlane, Karis J. LaFranchi, Brian Desai, Ankur R. Miller, John B. Lehman, Scott J. TI Observations of (CO2)-C-14 in ecosystem respiration from a temperate deciduous forest in Northern Wisconsin SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE radiocarbon; Keeling plot; AmeriFlux; respiration ID CARBON-CYCLE RESEARCH; SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; SEASONAL DYNAMICS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; BOREAL FOREST; RADIOCARBON; EXCHANGE; UNCERTAINTY; DIOXIDE; C-14 AB The (CO2)-C-14 composition of plant and soil respiration can be used to determine the residence time of photosynthetically fixed carbon before it is released back to the atmosphere. To estimate the residence time of actively cycled carbon in a temperate forest, we employed two approaches for estimating the (CO2)-C-14 of ecosystem respiration (C-14-R-eco) at the Willow Creek AmeriFlux site in Northern Wisconsin, USA. Our first approach was to construct nighttime Keeling plots from subcanopy profiles of (CO2)-C-14 and CO2, providing estimates of C-14-R-eco of 121.7 in June and 42.0 in August 2012. These measurements are likely dominated by soil fluxes due to proximity to the ground level. Our second approach utilized samples taken over 20months within the forest canopy and from 396m above ground level at the nearby LEF NOAA tall tower site (Park Falls, WI). In this canopy-minus-background approach we employed a mixing model described by Miller and Tans (2003) for estimating isotopic sources by subtracting time-varying background conditions. For the period from May 2011 to December 2012 the estimated C-14-R-eco using the Miller-Tans model was 76.8. Together, these C-14-R-eco values represent mean R-eco carbon ages of approximately 1-19 years. We also found that heterotrophic soil-respired C-14 at Willow Creek was 5-38 higher (i.e., 1-10 years older) than predicted by the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach global biosphere carbon model for the 1x1pixel nearest to the site. This study provides much needed observational constraints of ecosystem carbon residence times, which are a major source of uncertainty in terrestrial carbon cycle models. C1 [Phillips, Claire L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crops & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McFarlane, Karis J.; LaFranchi, Brian] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Desai, Ankur R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Miller, John B.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Miller, John B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lehman, Scott J.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Phillips, CL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Crops & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Claire.Phillips@oregonstate.edu OI McFarlane, Karis/0000-0001-6390-7863 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LDRD) [11-ERD-053]; Wisconsin Focus on Energy Environmental and Economic Research and Development (EERD) [10-06]; DOE Ameriflux Network Management Project [LLNL-JRNL-637140] FX Field assistance was provided by J. Thom (UW) and D. Baumann (USGS), analytical assistance was provided by T. Guilderson (CAMS), and laboratory assistance was provided by P. Zermeno (CAMS). This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, with support from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LDRD 11-ERD-053), the Wisconsin Focus on Energy Environmental and Economic Research and Development (EERD) grant 10-06, and the DOE Ameriflux Network Management Project subcontract for the ChEAS core site cluster, LLNL-JRNL-637140. The US-WCR flux and isotope data are available for download at http://flux.aos.wisc.edu/twiki/bin/view/Main/ChEASData, and LEF flask data are available at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/dv/iadv/graph.php?code=LEF&program=ccgg&typ e=ts. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD APR PY 2015 VL 120 IS 4 BP 600 EP 616 DI 10.1002/2014JG002808 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA CI2EQ UT WOS:000354558200002 ER PT J AU Pineda, J Starczak, V da Silva, JCB Helfrich, K Thompson, M Wiley, D AF Pineda, Jesus Starczak, Victoria da Silva, Jose C. B. Helfrich, Karl Thompson, Michael Wiley, David TI Whales and waves: Humpback whale foraging response and the shoaling of internal waves at Stellwagen Bank SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Humpback whales; nonlinear internal waves; shallow temperate bank; ecological hotspots ID BORE WARM FRONTS; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; MASSACHUSETTS BAY; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; SOUTHERN GULF; SOLITARY WAVES; BALEEN WHALES; SURFACE SLICKS; TRAPPED CORES; TRANSPORT AB We tested the hypothesis that humpback whales aggregate at the southern flank of Stellwagen Bank (SB) in response to internal waves (IWs) generated semidiurnally at Race Point (RP) channel because of the presence of their preferred prey, planktivorous fish, which in turn respond to zooplankton concentrated by the predictable IWs. Analysis of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images indicates that RP IWs approach the southern flank of SB frequently (approximate to 62% of the images). Published reports of whale sighting data and archived SAR images point to a coarse spatial coincidence between whales and Race Point IWs at SB's southern flank. The responses of whales to IWs were evaluated via sightings and behavior of humpback whales, and IWs were observed in situ by acoustic backscatter and temperature measurements. Modeling of IWs complemented the observations, and results indicate a change of approximate to 0.4 m/s in current velocity, and approximate to 1.5 Pa in dynamic pressure near the bottom, which may be sufficient for bottom fish to detect the IWs. However, fish were rare in our acoustic observations, and fish response to the IWs could not be evaluated. RP IWs do not represent the leading edge of the internal tide, and they may have less mass-transport potential than typical coastal IWs. There was large interannual variability in whale sightings at SB's southern flank, with decreases in both numbers of sightings and proportion of sightings where feeding was observed from 2008 to 2013. Coincidence of whales and IWs was inconsistent, and results do not support the hypothesis. C1 [Pineda, Jesus; Starczak, Victoria] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [da Silva, Jose C. B.] Univ Porto, Interdisciplinary Ctr Marine & Environm Res, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. [da Silva, Jose C. B.] Univ Porto, Dept Geosci Environm & Spatial Planning, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. [Helfrich, Karl] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Thompson, Michael; Wiley, David] NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, Scituate, MA USA. RP Pineda, J (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jpineda@whoi.edu RI da Silva, Jose/B-9212-2008 OI da Silva, Jose/0000-0002-5453-3916 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; ESA; German Aerospace Center FX We thank the help and logistical support of Brad Cabe, Danielle Cholewiak, Denise Risch, Jorge Magalhaes, Evelyn Ganson, Bob Caron, Cara Pekarcik, the many Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution volunteers, and Captain Bob Wallace, Dave Arch, and the crew of the R/V Auk. The detailed comments from two reviewers improved the ms. We would also like to acknowledge funding from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Sea Grant (Woods Hole), the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, the ESA, and the German Aerospace Center. Data used in this study are available by contacting J. Pineda (jpineda@whoi.edu), and Jose da Silva (jdasilva@fc.up.pt) for the SAR data. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR PY 2015 VL 120 IS 4 BP 2555 EP 2570 DI 10.1002/2014JC010564 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CI0HH UT WOS:000354417200010 ER PT J AU Zheng, GM Stramski, D DiGiacomo, PM AF Zheng, Guangming Stramski, Dariusz DiGiacomo, Paul M. TI A model for partitioning the light absorption coefficient of natural waters into phytoplankton, nonalgal particulate, and colored dissolved organic components: A case study for the Chesapeake Bay SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE ocean optics; light absorption coefficient; partitioning absorption coefficient; phytoplankton absorption; nonalgal particulate absorption; CDOM absorption ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; INFRARED SPECTRAL REGION; AQUATIC PARTICLES; COASTAL WATERS; MARINE WATERS; SARGASSO SEA; MATTER; SEAWATER; CHLOROPHYLL; RETRIEVALS AB We present a model, referred to as Generalized Stacked-Constraints Model (GSCM), for partitioning the total light absorption coefficient of natural water (with pure-water contribution subtracted), a(nw)(), into phytoplankton, a(ph)(), nonalgal particulate, a(d)(), and CDOM, a(g)(), components. The formulation of the model is based on the so-called stacked-constraints approach, which utilizes a number of inequality constraints that must be satisfied simultaneously by the model outputs of component absorption coefficients. A major advancement is that GSCM provides a capability to separate the a(d)() and a(g)() coefficients from each other using only weakly restrictive assumptions about the component absorption coefficients. In contrast to the common assumption of exponential spectral shape of a(d)() and a(g)() in previous models, in our model these two coefficients are parameterized in terms of several distinct spectral shapes. These shapes are determined from field data collected in the Chesapeake Bay with an ultimate goal to adequately account for the actual variability in spectral shapes of a(d)() and a(g)() in the study area. Another advancement of this model lies in its capability to account for potentially nonnegligible magnitude of a(d)() in the near-infrared spectral region. Evaluation of model performance demonstrates good agreement with measurements in the Chesapeake Bay. For example, the median ratio of the model-derived to measured a(d)(), a(g)(), and a(ph)() at 443 nm is 0.913, 1.064, and 1.056, respectively. Whereas our model in its present form can be a powerful tool for regional studies in the Chesapeake Bay, the overall approach is readily adaptable to other regions or bio-optical water types. C1 [Zheng, Guangming; DiGiacomo, Paul M.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Zheng, Guangming] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Stramski, Dariusz] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Zheng, GM (reprint author), Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM guangming.zheng@noaa.gov RI DiGiacomo, Paul/F-5584-2010; Zheng, Guangming/J-3154-2013 OI DiGiacomo, Paul/0000-0003-4550-1899; FU NOAA's Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) Program; NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program [NNX15AC55G] FX This work was supported by NOAA's Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) Program. Partial support for D.S. was provided by NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program (grant NNX15AC55G). We thank all scientists and personnel who contributed to the collection and processing of field data of absorption coefficients used in this study. In particular, we thank L. W. Jr. Harding, C. Hu, and A. Mannino who made the data available through the NASA's SeaWiFS Bio-Optical Archive and Storage System (SeaBASS, http://seabass.gsfc.nasa.gov/). We thank D. G. Bowers and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments. The contents of this article are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of the NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR PY 2015 VL 120 IS 4 BP 2601 EP 2621 DI 10.1002/2014JC010604 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CI0HH UT WOS:000354417200013 ER PT J AU Yan, YW Wang, GH Wang, CZ Su, JL AF Yan, Yunwei Wang, Guihua Wang, Chunzai Su, Jilan TI Low-salinity water off West Luzon Island in summer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE low-salinity water; rainfall; South China Sea ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; NORTH PACIFIC; SURFACE; LAYER; OSCILLATION; TEMPERATURE; INTRUSION; CLIMATE; BALANCE; SYSTEM AB Low-salinity water with two cores is found off West Luzon Island in the South China Sea (SCS) during summer. A series of salinity observations and model results show that the low-salinity water begins to appear in June, reaches its lowest salinity in September, and disappears after October. Rainfall associated with the summer monsoon impinging on the Philippine mountain ranges plays an important role in the formation of the low-salinity water, while upward Ekman pumping of high-salinity subsurface water caused by the strong winter monsoon is important for its disappearance. Variation in mixed layer depth is responsible for the formation of the two cores of the low-salinity water, while advection also contributes. The study further demonstrates that the low-salinity water has considerable interannual variability associated with El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO): during the summer of the decaying year of an El Nino, an anticyclonic wind anomaly occurs in the SCS. The anticyclonic wind anomaly is associated with a northeasterly anomaly south of 18 degrees N, reducing precipitation and causing salting of the low-salinity water off West Luzon Island. The situation is reversed during the summer of the decaying year of a La Nina. C1 [Yan, Yunwei; Wang, Guihua; Su, Jilan] State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 2, State Key Lab Satellite Ocean Environm Dynam, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Wang, GH (reprint author), State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 2, State Key Lab Satellite Ocean Environm Dynam, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM wghocean@yahoo.com RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; Yan, Yunwei/0000-0003-3196-741X FU National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) for Distinguished Young Scholars [41125019]; Major Research plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China [91428206]; National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB430301]; NSFC [41321004, 41306024]; Basic Research Program of Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration [JT1301]; NOAA/AOML FX SMOS SSS data are obtained from Production Center of the "Centre Aval de Traitement des Donnees SMOS,'' operated for the "Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales'' by IFREMER (http://www.catds.fr/Products/Available-products-from-CPDC). TRMM precipitation data are provided by the Goddard Distributed Active Archive Center (http://trmm.gsfc.nasa.gov/data_dir/data.html). CCMP wind data are derived from the Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov). This study was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) for Distinguished Young Scholars (41125019), the Major Research plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91428206), the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB430301), the NSFC (41321004 and 41306024), Basic Research Program of Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration (JT1301), and the base funding of NOAA/AOML. The authors wish to express their appreciation to the comments and suggestions of the Editor and the three anonymous reviewers. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR PY 2015 VL 120 IS 4 BP 3011 EP 3021 DI 10.1002/2014JC010465 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CI0HH UT WOS:000354417200037 ER PT J AU Forster, AL Forster, AM Chin, JW Peng, JS Lin, CC Petit, S Kang, KL Paulter, N Riley, MA Rice, KD Al-Sheikhly, M AF Forster, Amanda L. Forster, Aaron M. Chin, Joannie W. Peng, Jyun-Siang Lin, Chiao-Chi Petit, Sylvain Kang, Kai-Li Paulter, Nick Riley, Michael A. Rice, Kirk D. Al-Sheikhly, Mohamad TI Long-term stability of UHMWPE fibers SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE UHMWPE fibers; Body armor; Oxidation; Activation energy; Degradation; Artificial aging ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT POLYETHYLENE; THERMAL-OXIDATION REACTIONS; REEXAMINATION; DEGRADATION; COMPOSITES; POLYMERS; FTIR; POLYPROPYLENE; LDPE AB The performance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers for ballistic protection is predicated on the development of a highly aligned molecular structure that allows the polymer to exhibit a superior strength in the axial direction of the fiber. However, even an ideal molecular structure will be subjected to degradation during use, which can reduce the high strength of these fibers, and impact their ability to protect the wearer. In this work, the long term stability of UHMWPE fibers are investigated and the activation energy for this mechanism was calculated to be approximately 140 kj/mol, in agreement with previous reports. The inclusion of accelerated aging temperatures that encompass the alpharelaxation temperature introduced physical effects in addition to oxidative degradation that complicate a simple explanation of the changes in properties. Assuming that the shift factors that were used in this analysis are correct, it would take approximately 36 years for the tensile strength of this UHMWPE yarn to fall by 30% at 43 degrees C. Changes in the oxidation index of this material due to aging are also studied using Fourier Transform Infrared (FIR) Spectroscopy, and no simple correlation between the retained strength and the oxidation index was found. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Forster, Amanda L.; Kang, Kai-Li; Paulter, Nick; Riley, Michael A.; Rice, Kirk D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Forster, Aaron M.; Chin, Joannie W.; Peng, Jyun-Siang; Lin, Chiao-Chi; Petit, Sylvain] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Al-Sheikhly, Mohamad] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Forster, AL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amanda.forster@nist.gov OI Forster, Amanda/0000-0001-7397-4429 NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 EI 1873-2321 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD APR PY 2015 VL 114 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.01.028 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA CH0TG UT WOS:000353734700006 ER PT J AU Zachry, BC Booth, WJ Rhome, JR Sharon, TM AF Zachry, Brian C. Booth, William J. Rhome, Jamie R. Sharon, Tarah M. TI A National View of Storm Surge Risk and Inundation SO WEATHER CLIMATE AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), specifically the National Weather Service's (NWS) National Hurricane Center (NHC), utilizes the hydrodynamic Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes (SLOSH) model to simulate storm surge in 27 basins along the U.S East and Gulf Coasts. This information is provided to federal, state, and local partners to assist in a range of planning processes, risk assessment studies, and decision making. Based on climatology, tens of thousands of hypothetical hurricanes are simulated in each basin, and the potential storm surges are calculated. Storm surge composites-maximum envelopes of water (MEOWs) and maximum of maximums (MOMs)-are created to assess and visualize storm surge risk under varying conditions. While MEOWs and MOMs provide a local assessment of storm surge risk, they do not provide a national perspective owing to the 27 discrete grids. National assessments must therefore merge the grids together, which is a laborious task requiring considerable SLOSH and hydrodynamic modeling expertise. This paper describes the technique used to create national inundation maps for category 1-5 hurricanes using the SLOSH MOM product, and it provides a simple quantitative assessment of the potential societal impacts. Approximately 22 million people along the U.S East and Gulf Coasts are vulnerable to storm surge. For all hurricane categories, a substantial portion of the coastal population and housing units are at risk, and many evacuation routes become inundated. Florida is the most vulnerable state with 40% of its population at risk. These maps and analyses provide a new way to view, analyze, and communicate national storm surge risk and inundation. C1 [Zachry, Brian C.] Syst Res Grp Inc, Miami, FL USA. [Zachry, Brian C.; Booth, William J.; Rhome, Jamie R.; Sharon, Tarah M.] NOAA, Storm Surge Unit, NWS, NCEP,NHC, Miami, FL USA. [Booth, William J.] NOAA, INNOVIM, NWS, NCEP,NHC, Miami, FL USA. [Sharon, Tarah M.] NOAA, CyberData Technol, NWS, NCEP,NHC, Miami, FL USA. RP Zachry, BC (reprint author), Natl Hurricane Ctr, Storm Surge Unit, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA. EM brian.zachry@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1948-8327 EI 1948-8335 J9 WEATHER CLIM SOC JI Weather Clim. Soc. PD APR PY 2015 VL 7 IS 2 BP 109 EP 117 DI 10.1175/WCAS-D-14-00049.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CI0RI UT WOS:000354445100003 ER PT J AU Godwin, H Nameth, C Avery, D Bergeson, LL Bernard, D Beryt, E Boyes, W Brown, S Clippinger, AJ Cohen, Y Doa, M Hendren, CO Holden, P Houck, K Kane, AB Klaessig, F Kodas, T Landsiedel, R Lynch, I Malloy, T Miller, MB Muller, J Oberdorster, G Petersen, EJ Pleus, RC Sayre, P Stone, V Sullivan, KM Tentschert, J Wallis, P Nel, AE AF Godwin, Hilary Nameth, Catherine Avery, David Bergeson, Lynn L. Bernard, Daniel Beryt, Elizabeth Boyes, William Brown, Scott Clippinger, Amy J. Cohen, Yoram Doa, Maria Hendren, Christine Ogilvie Holden, Patricia Houck, Keith Kane, Agnes B. Klaessig, Frederick Kodas, Toivo Landsiedel, Robert Lynch, Iseult Malloy, Timothy Miller, Mary Beth Muller, Julie Oberdorster, Gunter Petersen, Elijah J. Pleus, Richard C. Sayre, Philip Stone, Vicki Sullivan, Kristie M. Tentschert, Jutta Wallis, Philip Nel, Andre E. TI Nanomaterial Categorization for Assessing Risk Potential To Facilitate Regulatory Decision-Making SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article ID MULTIWALL CARBON NANOTUBES; FIBROSIS; TOXICITY; LUNG AB For nanotechnology to meet its potential as a game-changing and sustainable technology, it is important to ensure that the engineered nanomaterials and nanoenabled products that gain entry to the marketplace are safe and effective. Tools and methods are needed for regulatory purposes to allow rapid material categorization according to human health and environmental risk potential, so that materials of high concern can be targeted for additional scrutiny, while material categories that pose the least risk can receive expedited review. Using carbon nanotubes as an example, we discuss how data from alternative testing strategies can be used to facilitate engineered nanomaterial categorization according to risk potential and how such an approach could facilitate regulatory decision-making in the future. C1 [Godwin, Hilary] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Fielding Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Godwin, Hilary; Malloy, Timothy] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Godwin, Hilary; Nameth, Catherine; Avery, David; Beryt, Elizabeth; Cohen, Yoram; Holden, Patricia; Klaessig, Frederick; Malloy, Timothy; Nel, Andre E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Univ Calif Ctr Environm Implicat Nanotechnol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Godwin, Hilary; Cohen, Yoram; Nel, Andre E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bergeson, Lynn L.] Bergeson & Campbell PC, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Bernard, Daniel] CEA Nanosafety Platform, Grenoble, France. [Beryt, Elizabeth] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Luskin Sch Publ Affairs, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Boyes, William; Houck, Keith] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Brown, Scott] EI du Pont Nemours & Co, DuPont Titanium Technol, DuPont Cent Res & Dev, Wilmington, DC 19803 USA. [Clippinger, Amy J.] PETA Int Sci Consortium Ltd, London, England. [Cohen, Yoram] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Doa, Maria; Sayre, Philip] US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Hendren, Christine Ogilvie] Duke Univ, Ctr Environm Implicat Nanotechnol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Holden, Patricia] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kane, Agnes B.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Klaessig, Frederick] Penn Bio Nano Syst, Doylestown, PA 18901 USA. [Kodas, Toivo] Cabot Corp, Boston, MA 02210 USA. [Landsiedel, Robert] BASF SE, Expt Toxicol & Ecol, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany. [Lynch, Iseult] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Malloy, Timothy] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Law, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Miller, Mary Beth] Lockheed Martin Co, Appl NanoStruct Solut LLC, Baltimore, MD 21220 USA. [Muller, Julie] Nanocyl, Sambreville, Belgium. [Oberdorster, Gunter] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Petersen, Elijah J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pleus, Richard C.] Intertox Inc, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Stone, Vicki] Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Life Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Sullivan, Kristie M.] Phys Comm Responsible Med, Washington, DC USA. [Tentschert, Jutta] Fed Inst Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany. [Wallis, Philip] SouthWest NanoTechnol, Norman, OK 73071 USA. [Nel, Andre E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Nanobiol & Predict Toxicol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Nel, Andre E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div NanoMed, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Godwin, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Fielding Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM hgodwin@ucla.edu; anel@mednet.ucla.edu RI Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013; Avery, David/G-8661-2016; Lynch, Iseult/I-3915-2014; Brown, Scott/A-7254-2008; OI Lynch, Iseult/0000-0003-4250-4584; Brown, Scott/0000-0003-0138-474X; Stone, Vicki/0000-0001-8346-7471 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [U19ES019528] NR 23 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 52 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD APR PY 2015 VL 9 IS 4 BP 3409 EP 3417 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b00941 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CH2PL UT WOS:000353867000004 PM 25791861 ER PT J AU Xu, JJ Hammouda, B Cao, FY Yang, B AF Xu, Jiajun Hammouda, Boualem Cao, Fangyu Yang, Bao TI Experimental study of thermophysical properties and nanostructure of self-assembled water/polyalphaolefin nanoemulsion fluids SO ADVANCES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Nanoemulsion fluid; thermophysical properties; self-assembly; small-angle neutron scattering ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; HEAT-TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; MICROEMULSION FORMATION; INVERSE MICROEMULSIONS; DROPLET STRUCTURE; AEROSOL-OT; NANOFLUIDS; VISCOSITY; WATER AB In this study, the nanostructures and thermophysical properties (thermal conductivity, viscosity, and specific heat) of one new type of nanostructured heat transfer fluid, water/polyalphaolefin nanoemulsion fluid, are investigated. The water/polyalphaolefin nanoemulsion fluids are thermodynamically stable containing dispersed water nanodroplets formed by self-assembly. It has been found that the nanostructure inside nanoemulsion fluids may affect their thermophysical properties, especially the phase change heat transfer characteristics. The small-angle neutron scattering technique has been used to help identify the nanostructure inside the water/polyalphaolefin nanoemulsion fluids. By using the 3-region Guinier-Porod model, the fitting curve shows that there is a nonlinear variation of the nanodroplets' size and shape with water's concentration, which also coincides with the trend of its viscosity and specific heat. On the other hand, the thermal conductivity increases linearly with higher volume fraction of water which, however, appears to be insensitive to the nanostructure change. While the water nanodroplets inside can increase the thermal conductivity of the nanoemulsion fluid by 16%, its effective specific heat can be boosted up to 90% when the water nanodroplets undergo liquid-solid phase change. C1 [Xu, Jiajun] Univ Dist Columbia, Dept Mech Engn, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cao, Fangyu; Yang, Bao] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Xu, JJ (reprint author), Univ Dist Columbia, Dept Mech Engn, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM jiajun.xu@udc.edu RI Cao, Fangyu/C-4916-2008 OI Cao, Fangyu/0000-0002-2036-4480 FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0730963, DMR-0944772] FX This study is financially supported by National Science Foundation (CBET-0730963). The SANS measurements performed at the NIST-CNR are supported in part by the National Science Foundation under agreement no. DMR-0944772. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 21 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1687-8140 J9 ADV MECH ENG JI Adv. Mech. Eng. PD APR PY 2015 VL 7 IS 4 AR 1687814015581269 DI 10.1177/1687814015581269 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA CH5OU UT WOS:000354086000021 ER PT J AU Munro, DR Lovenduski, NS Stephens, BB Newberger, T Arrigo, KR Takahashi, T Quay, PD Sprintall, J Freeman, NM Sweeney, C AF Munro, David R. Lovenduski, Nicole S. Stephens, Britton B. Newberger, Timothy Arrigo, Kevin R. Takahashi, Taro Quay, Paul D. Sprintall, Janet Freeman, Natalie M. Sweeney, Colm TI Estimates of net community production in the Southern Ocean determined from time series observations (2002-2011) of nutrients, dissolved inorganic carbon, and surface ocean pCO(2) in Drake Passage SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MARINE PRIMARY PRODUCTION; ANTARCTIC POLAR FRONT; BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION; EXPORT PRODUCTION; GAS-EXCHANGE; WIND-SPEED; CO2 SINK; SEA; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY AB In remote regions such as the open Southern Ocean, satellite observations often provide the only available tool with which to evaluate large-scale biogeochemical processes. However, these observations need to be carefully evaluated with in situ measurements. With an average of 20 crossings per year from 2002 to 2011, the Drake Passage Time-series (DP) represents one of the most complete datasets of biogeochemical measurements in the open Southern Ocean. This dataset offers a unique opportunity to validate satellite-based productivity algorithms and to improve understanding of the role of this region in the global carbon cycle. Net community production (NCP) was estimated using discrete measurements of total dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2) and phosphate (PO43-), and high-frequency underway measurements of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the surface ocean (pCO2(surf)) from the DPT, combined with estimates of gas exchange, Elcman transport wind stress curl, and vertical entrainment We estimate annual NC!' using seasonal PO43- (NCPPO43-) and TCO2 (NCPTCO2,) budgets of 12 +/- 0.7 and 1.6 +/- 0.4 mol C m(-2) yr(-1), respectively. Budget terms for gas exchange, entrainment, and advective supply indicate that a closed system seasonal-drawdown approach that does not consider additional terms may underestimate NCP in this region by nearly 35%. NCP estimates are compared to satellite algorithms commonly used to estimate both net primary production (NPP) and organic carbon export Budget-based NCP approaches indicate high rates of NCP during austral spring with little additional NCP over austral summer. In contrast, satellite approaches suggest a more gradual increase and decline in NCP rates over the growing season with approximately 40% of NCP accumulating during austral summer. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Munro, David R.; Lovenduski, Nicole S.; Freeman, Natalie M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Munro, David R.; Lovenduski, Nicole S.; Freeman, Natalie M.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arct & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stephens, Britton B.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Newberger, Timothy; Sweeney, Colm] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Newberger, Timothy; Sweeney, Colm] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Arrigo, Kevin R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Takahashi, Taro] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Quay, Paul D.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sprintall, Janet] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Munro, DR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM david.munro@colorado.edu RI Lovenduski, Nicole/A-6226-2011; Freeman, Natalie/F-8672-2015; Stephens, Britton/B-7962-2008 OI Lovenduski, Nicole/0000-0001-5893-1009; Freeman, Natalie/0000-0002-4718-5650; Stephens, Britton/0000-0002-1966-6182 FU National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs [AOAS0944761, AOAS0636975]; XBT/XCTD programs [ANT0943818]; National Science Foundation's Chemical Oceanography program [OCE1155240]; NOAA Climate Program Office [NA12OAR4310058]; National Science Foundation FX This research was made possible by support from the National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs for the chemistry (AOAS0944761 and AOAS0636975) and XBT/XCTD (ANT0943818) programs. Additional support was provided by the National Science Foundation's Chemical Oceanography program (OCE1155240), as well as the NOAA Climate Program Office (NA12OAR4310058). The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. We are also indebted to the marine and science support teams of the ARSV Laurence M. Gould who collected all discrete samples presented in this paper, helped monitor the underway pCO2 system and undertook the XBT/XCTD profiling; in particular we acknowledge Kevin Pedigo, Bruce Felix, and Andy Nunn. All nutrient analyses were performed at Chesapeake Biological Laboratory; TCO2 analyses were performed at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory by John G. Goddard; and delta13C analyses were performed at the University of Washington under the supervision of John Stutsman. We also thank Gordy Stephenson for providing mixed layer depth calculations. NR 74 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD APR PY 2015 VL 114 BP 49 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.12.014 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CH9FV UT WOS:000354342300006 ER PT J AU Putman, NF Verley, P Endres, CS Lohmann, KJ AF Putman, Nathan F. Verley, Philippe Endres, Courtney S. Lohmann, Kenneth J. TI Magnetic navigation behavior and the oceanic ecology of young loggerhead sea turtles SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Magnetic orientation; Navigation; Magnetoreception; Caretta caretta; Ocean circulation model ID ANIMAL NAVIGATION; CARETTA-CARETTA; CIRCULATION MODEL; PACIFIC SALMON; MIGRATION; MAP; FIELD; ORIENTATION; STRATEGIES; MECHANISM AB During long-distance migrations, animals navigate using a variety of sensory cues, mechanisms and strategies. Although guidance mechanisms are usually studied under controlled laboratory conditions, such methods seldom allow for navigation behavior to be examined in an environmental context. Similarly, although realistic environmental models are often used to investigate the ecological implications of animal movement, explicit consideration of navigation mechanisms in such models is rare. Here, we used an interdisciplinary approach in which we first conducted lab-based experiments to determine how hatchling loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) respond to magnetic fields that exist at five widely separated locations along their migratory route, and then studied the consequences of the observed behavior by simulating it within an ocean circulation model. Magnetic fields associated with two geographic regions that pose risks to young turtles (due to cold wintertime temperatures or potential displacement from the migratory route) elicited oriented swimming, whereas fields from three locations where surface currents and temperature pose no such risk did not. Additionally, at locations with fields that elicited oriented swimming, simulations indicate that the observed behavior greatly increases the likelihood of turtles advancing along the migratory pathway. Our findings suggest that the magnetic navigation behavior of sea turtles is intimately tied to their oceanic ecology and is shaped by a complex interplay between ocean circulation and geomagnetic dynamics. C1 [Putman, Nathan F.; Endres, Courtney S.; Lohmann, Kenneth J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Verley, Philippe] Ctr Rech Halieut Mediterraneenne & Trop, IRD, MARBEC, UMR 248, F-34203 Sete, France. RP Putman, NF (reprint author), Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM nathan.putman@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [IOS-0718991, IOS-1022005]; National Research Council; PADI Foundation; Lerner Gray Grant FX Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation [grant no. IOS-0718991 and IOS-1022005 to K.J.L. and C.M.F.L.]. The modeling work was performed while N.F.P. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award; PADI Foundation and Lerner Gray Grants were provided to N.F.P. for field-work. NR 65 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 37 U2 121 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 EI 1477-9145 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 218 IS 7 BP 1044 EP 1050 DI 10.1242/jeb.109975 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA CH5YX UT WOS:000354113300019 PM 25833134 ER PT J AU Chu, DZ Eastland, GC AF Chu, Dezhang Eastland, Grant C. TI Calibration of a broadband acoustic transducer with a standard spherical target in the near field SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MULTIBEAM-SONAR; COPPER SPHERES; NEARFIELD; SCATTERING; ECHOSOUNDER; SYSTEMS; BODIES; PISTON; ARRAY AB This paper investigates the applicability of calibrating a broadband acoustic system in the near field. The calibration was performed on a single transducer with a mono-static configuration using a single standard target, a 25-mm tungsten carbide sphere in the nearfield of both the transducer and the sphere. A theoretical model was developed to quantify the nearfield effect. Numerical simulations revealed that the frequency responses at different distances varied significantly, the null positions were essentially invariant-a unique characteristic for determination of the compressional and shear wave speeds in the calibration sphere. The calibration curves obtained in the near field could be applied to farfield once the nearfield effects were accounted for. Since the transducer was located in the near field, the signal-to-noise ratio was high, resulting in a much wider useable bandwidth than the nominal bandwidth. The resultant calibration uncertainty, i.e., root-mean-square uncertainty over the entire usable frequency band was 1.05 dB and reduces to 0.33 dB when the regions corresponding to nulls were excluded. The methods reported here could potentially be applied to the calibration of multibeam and broadband echosounder/sonar systems since it is difficult to meet the farfield condition for outermost beams when shipboard calibrations are needed. C1 [Chu, Dezhang; Eastland, Grant C.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Chu, DZ (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM dezhang.chu@noaa.gov FU Advanced Sampling Technology working Group (ASTWG) of NOAA Fisheries FX The authors thank Stan Tomich at the NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC) for constructing the measuring system, and Victor Simon for providing the Seabird SBE39 to measure the water temperature, salinity, and pressure. G.C.E. was funded by the Advanced Sampling Technology working Group (ASTWG) of NOAA Fisheries. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2015 VL 137 IS 4 BP 2148 EP 2157 DI 10.1121/1.4916281 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA CG9QV UT WOS:000353653500068 PM 25920864 ER PT J AU Lam, PJ Twining, BS Jeandel, C Roychoudhury, A Resing, JA Santschi, PH Anderson, RF AF Lam, Phoebe J. Twining, Benjamin S. Jeandel, Catherine Roychoudhury, Alakendra Resing, Joseph A. Santschi, Peter H. Anderson, Robert F. TI Methods for analyzing the concentration and speciation of major and trace elements in marine particles SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; SOUTH CHINA SEA; SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER; IRON EXPERIMENT SOFEX; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; DEEP SARGASSO SEA; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE; METAL COMPOSITION AB Particles influence trace element and isotope (TEI) cycles through both their elemental composition and fate and their role on the partitioning of dissolved elements through scavenging and dissolution. Because of their complex compositions, a diverse suite of methods is required to analyze marine particles. Here we review some of the varied approaches used to study particle composition, speciation and fate. We focus on high throughput analytical methods that are useful for the international GEOTRACES program, and we also describe new spectroscopic techniques that are now being applied to study the spatial distribution and chemical speciation of TEIs in marine particles. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lam, Phoebe J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Twining, Benjamin S.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME 04544 USA. [Jeandel, Catherine] Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Roychoudhury, Alakendra] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Earth Sci, ZA-7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Resing, Joseph A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Resing, Joseph A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Santschi, Peter H.] Texas A&M Univ, Oceanog & Marine Sci, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Anderson, Robert F.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Lam, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM pjlam@ucsc.edu; btwining@bigelow.org; Catherine.Jeandel@legos.obs-mip.fr; roy@sun.ac.za; resing@uw.edu; santschi@tamug.edu; boba@Ideo.columbia.edu OI Twining, Benjamin/0000-0002-1365-9192; Anderson, Robert/0000-0002-8472-2494 FU ESF COST Action ES0801, "The ocean chemistry of bioactive trace elements and paleoproxies"; SCOR, through U.S. National Science Foundation [OCE-0938349, OCE-1243377]; SCOR, through U.S. NSF [OCE-0850963]; U.S. NSF [OCE-0963026, OCE-0928289] FX This paper arose from a workshop that was co-sponsored by ESF COST Action ES0801, "The ocean chemistry of bioactive trace elements and paleoproxies". Additional support for the workshop came from SCOR, through support to SCOR from the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grant OCE-0938349 and OCE-1243377) and through a U.S. NSF award to the US GEOTRACES project office (OCE-0850963). Additional support was from U.S. NSF Grant OCE-0963026 to PJL and OCE-0928289 to BST. We are grateful to three anonymous reviewers and to Olivier Marchal for helpful comments that significantly improved the manuscript. This publication is PMEL #4131 and JISAO #2205. NR 142 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 43 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD APR PY 2015 VL 133 SI SI BP 32 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.01.005 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CH9FP UT WOS:000354341700004 ER PT J AU Trainer, VL Hardy, FJ AF Trainer, Vera L. Hardy, F. Joan TI Integrative Monitoring of Marine and Freshwater Harmful Algae in Washington State for Public Health Protection SO TOXINS LA English DT Article ID CYANOBACTERIUM CYLINDROSPERMOPSIS-RACIBORSKII; DIARRHETIC SHELLFISH TOXINS; SAMPLE PROCESSOR ESP; US WEST-COAST; DOMOIC ACID; PUGET-SOUND; PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE-1; POISONING TOXINS; MICROCYSTIN-LR; UNITED-STATES AB The more frequent occurrence of both marine and freshwater toxic algal blooms and recent problems with new toxic events have increased the risk for illness and negatively impacted sustainable public access to safe shellfish and recreational waters in Washington State. Marine toxins that affect safe shellfish harvest in the state are the saxitoxins that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), domoic acid that causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) and the first ever US closure in 2011 due to diarrhetic shellfish toxins that cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). Likewise, the freshwater toxins microcystins, anatoxin-a, cylindrospermopsins, and saxitoxins have been measured in state lakes, although cylindrospermopsins have not yet been measured above state regulatory guidance levels. This increased incidence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) has necessitated the partnering of state regulatory programs with citizen and user-fee sponsored monitoring efforts such as SoundToxins, the Olympic Region Harmful Algal Bloom (ORHAB) partnership and the state's freshwater harmful algal bloom passive (opportunistic) surveillance program that allow citizens to share their observations with scientists. Through such integrated programs that provide an effective interface between formalized state and federal programs and observations by the general public, county staff and trained citizen volunteers, the best possible early warning systems can be instituted for surveillance of known HABs, as well as for the reporting and diagnosis of unusual events that may impact the future health of oceans, lakes, wildlife, and humans. C1 [Trainer, Vera L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Biotoxins Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hardy, F. Joan] Washington State Dept Hlth, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. RP Trainer, VL (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Biotoxins Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM vera.l.trainer@noaa.gov; joan.hardy@doh.wa.gov NR 100 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 10 U2 39 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6651 J9 TOXINS JI Toxins PD APR PY 2015 VL 7 IS 4 BP 1206 EP 1234 DI 10.3390/toxins7041206 PG 29 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA CH3XG UT WOS:000353963700014 PM 25860160 ER PT J AU Sagarese, SR Frisk, MG Cerrato, RM Sosebee, KA Musick, JA Rago, PJ AF Sagarese, Skyler R. Frisk, Michael G. Cerrato, Robert M. Sosebee, Kathy A. Musick, John A. Rago, Paul J. TI Spatiotemporal overlap of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) and commercial fisheries in the northeast US shelf large marine ecosystem SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; FISH STOCK ASSESSMENT; GEORGES-BANK; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; ATLANTIC COD; HYDROGRAPHIC VARIABLES; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; ABUNDANCE INDEXES; CATCHABILITY; MANAGEMENT AB Commercial fishermen have argued that localized concentrations of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) in the northeast U.S. shelf large marine ecosystem (NES LME) have impeded their fishing operations when monitoring surveys estimated lower relative abundances. Fishery-dependent and -independent data were analyzed simultaneously to examine whether increased spatial overlap between spiny dogfish and commercial fisheries may explain high catches of this species on fishing grounds. Spatial overlap was quantified between spiny dogfish distribution and commercial fisheries from 1989 to 2009 during autumn and spring in the NES LME. Combined, the sink gillnet (SGN) and otter trawl (OT) fisheries accounted for the majority of spiny dogfish catch (autumn: 85%; spring: 92%), either retained (SGN) or discarded (OT). Centers of spiny dogfish abundance illustrated spatial differences in local density within the NES LME and revealed seasonal differences in spiny dogfish density. Recent increases in spatial overlap indicate that a growing portion of the spiny dogfish stock was available to each fishery over the time series. Availability, estimated as the percentage of spiny dogfish present on fishing grounds, also increased and was generally higher during autumn than spring. Abundance of mature (total length.80 cm) female spiny dogfish was significantly related to availability, but trends were variable between fisheries and seasons. Although recent increases in abundance indicate recovery, research regarding the mechanisms behind these changes may help explain why abundance in the NES LME appears highly variable. C1 [Sagarese, Skyler R.; Frisk, Michael G.; Cerrato, Robert M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Sosebee, Kathy A.; Rago, Paul J.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Musick, John A.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Sagarese, SR (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM s.sagarese@rsmas.miami.edu FU Sea Grant Fellowship in Population Dynamics of the National Marine Fisheries Service FX The authors thank all those individuals who have worked or volunteered aboard the NOAA Ships Albatross IV and Henry B. Bigelow, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, for assistance with survey data collection. In addition, special thanks are extended to those observers who collected the NEFOP data and all fishermen who participated within NEFOP. This project was funded by the Sea Grant Fellowship in Population Dynamics of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 14 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2015 VL 113 IS 2 BP 101 EP 120 DI 10.7755/FB.113.2.1 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CH2HE UT WOS:000353845500001 ER PT J AU Orr, JW Wildes, S Kai, Y Raring, N Nakabo, T Katugin, O Guyon, J AF Orr, James W. Wildes, Sharon Kai, Yoshiaki Raring, Nate Nakabo, T. Katugin, Oleg Guyon, Jeff TI Systematics of North Pacific sand lances of the genus Ammodytes based on molecular and morphological evidence, with the description of a new species from Japan SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PERCIFORMES AMMODYTIDAE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CONTROL REGION; MARINE FISHES; POPULATIONS; ATLANTIC; WESTERN; CANADA AB The systematic status of North Pacific sand lances (genus Ammodytes) was assessed from mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1) sequence data and morphological data to identify the number of species in the North Pacific Ocean and its fringing seas. Although only 2 species, Ammodytes hexapterus and A. personatus, have been considered valid in the region, haplotype networks and trees constructed with maximum parsimony and genetic distance (neighbor-joining) methods revealed 4 highly divergent monophyletic clades that clearly represent 4 species of Ammodytes in the North Pacific region. On the basis of our material and comparisons with sequence data reported in online databases, A. personatus is found throughout the eastern North Pacific Ocean, Gulf of Alaska, Aleutian Islands, and the eastern Bering Sea where it co-occurs with a northwestern Arctic species, A. hexapterus, that is found throughout the North American Arctic from Hudson Bay, Canada, in the east, through the Beaufort and Chukchi seas, into the northern and western Bering Sea, and to the southern Sea of Okhotsk in the Soya Strait off Hokkaido, Japan. Two other species reside in waters around Japan: A. japonicus throughout the Sea of Japan and the Seto Inland Sea and a new species in the Sea of Japan and the North Pacific Ocean off northern Honshu. We designate neotypes for A. hexapterus and A. personatus because of the absence of type material and the close similarity of these 2 species. Ammodytes ale utensis is a junior synonym of A. japonicus, and A. alascanus is a junior synonym of A. personatus. C1 [Orr, James W.; Raring, Nate] NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wildes, Sharon; Guyon, Jeff] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Kai, Yoshiaki] Kyoto Univ, Maizuru Fisheries Res Stn, Field Sci Educ & Res Ctr, Maizuru, Kyoto 6250086, Japan. [Nakabo, T.] Kyoto Univ, Kyoto Univ Museum, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. [Katugin, Oleg] TINRO Ctr, Pacific Res Inst Fisheries & Oceanog, Vladivostok 690950, Primorsky Kray, Russia. RP Orr, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM james.orr@noaa.gov NR 72 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2015 VL 113 IS 2 BP 129 EP 156 DI 10.7755/FB.113.2.3 PG 28 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CH2HE UT WOS:000353845500003 ER PT J AU Weinberg, KL Kotwicki, S AF Weinberg, Kenneth L. Kotwicki, Stan TI Reducing variability in bottom contact and net width of a survey trawl by restraining door movement and applying a constant ratio of warp length to depth SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE EFFICIENCY; BRIDLE EFFICIENCY; FISH; AVOIDANCE; FLATFISH; ACOUSTICS; BEHAVIOR; VESSELS; DENSITY; NOISE AB A field study was conducted to examine methods to reduce varying geometry of a demersal survey trawl net caused by changing depth and trawling speed and that could result in variable sampling efficiency. A reduction in varying trawl net geometry is important because variance in indices of abundance is the result of variability in sampling efficiency, as well as animal density. Trawl performance measures considered were door and wing spread and the contact of the footrope and lower bridles with the seabed. Three treatments were tested for their effects on these measures: 1) standard towing procedures, 2) door spread restrained by a restrictor line attached between the trawl warps ahead of the doors, and 3) doors similarly restricted in conjunction with a modified scope ratio. Generalized linear modeling showed that both depth and trawl speed significantly affected trawl measures in nearly all cases. The restrictor line reduced the effect of depth on spread and, to a lesser extent, on bottom contact of the footrope; however, it was ineffective at reducing the effect of trawl speed over the speed range observed. The combination of a restrictor line and modification of the scope ratio to achieve a consistent upward pull on the doors was most effective in maintaining trawl shape to our target dimensions. C1 [Weinberg, Kenneth L.; Kotwicki, Stan] NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Weinberg, KL (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM ken.weinberg@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2015 VL 113 IS 2 BP 180 EP 190 DI 10.7755/FB.113.2.6 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CH2HE UT WOS:000353845500006 ER PT J AU Weitkamp, LA Hinton, SA Bentley, PJ AF Weitkamp, Laurie A. Hinton, Susan A. Bentley, Paul J. TI Seasonal abundance, size, and host selection of western river (Lampetra ayresii) and Pacific (Entosphenus tridentatus) lampreys in the Columbia River estuary SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID FRASER-RIVER; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; PARASITIC LAMPREYS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; NORTH-AMERICA; CONSERVATION; MIGRATION; OREGON; PETROMYZONTIDAE; ENVIRONMENT AB Little is known about the basic biology and ecology of most native lampreys, including the use of estuaries by anadromous lampreys. To address this deficiency, we provide the first analysis of anadromous western river (Lampetra ayresii) and Pacific (Entosphenus tridentatus) lampreys in the Columbia River estuary, using data from 2 fish assemblage studies that span 3 decades (1980-1981 and 2001-2012). Pacific lamprey juveniles and adults in the estuary clearly were separated by size, whereas western river lamprey formed one continuous size distribution. Pacific lamprey juveniles and adults were present in the estuary in winter and spring, and western river lamprey were present from spring through early fall. Depth in the water column also differed by lamprey species and age class. During 2008-2012, we documented wounds from lampreys on 8 fish species caught in the estuary. The most frequently wounded fishes were non-native American shad (Alosa sapidissima), subyearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), shiner perch (Cymatogaster aggregata), and Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii). This basic information on western river and Pacific lampreys in the Columbia River estuary adds to the growing body of regional research that should aid conservation efforts for these ancient species. C1 [Weitkamp, Laurie A.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Hinton, Susan A.; Bentley, Paul J.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. RP Weitkamp, LA (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2032 Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM laurie.weitkamp@noaa.gov FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center; Bonneville Power Administration FX This study benefited from an exceptional field crew, which included M. Litz, A. Claiborne, S. Sebring, and A. Claxton, and from boat operators B. Kelly and R. Nelson. M. Moser provided encouragement for the project and guidance on the identification of lamprey wounds. This study was funded by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center and Bonneville Power Administration. The manuscript was greatly improved by constructive comments provided by R. Emmett, M. Moser, and 3 anonymous reviewers. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 10 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2015 VL 113 IS 2 BP 213 EP 226 DI 10.7755/FB.113.2.9 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CH2HE UT WOS:000353845500009 ER PT J AU Senft-Batoh, CD Dam, HG Shumway, SE Wikfors, GH AF Senft-Batoh, Christina D. Dam, Hans G. Shumway, Sandra E. Wikfors, Gary H. TI A multi-phylum study of grazer-induced paralytic shellfish toxin production in the dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense: A new perspective on control of algal toxicity SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Alexandrium; Toxin production; Copepods; Grazers; Inducible defense; Paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) ID COPEPOD ACARTIA-HUDSONICA; MYTILUS-EDULIS; PROTOGONYAULAX-TAMARENSIS; MARINE DINOFLAGELLATE; GENUS ALEXANDRIUM; INDUCED DEFENSES; HARMFUL ALGAE; NEW-ENGLAND; ZOOPLANKTON; FOOD AB The present study surveyed grazer-induced stimulation of paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) production by the marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense. The survey included species, known to graze upon A. fundyense, from five phyla: the protists, Polykrikos kofoidii (Dinoflagellata) and Tiarina fusus (Ciliophora), the bivalve molluscs Mytilus edulis and Mya arenaria (Mollusca), the ascidians, Molgula manhattensis and Botrylloides violaceus (Chordata), and the copepod, Eurytemora herdmani (Arthropoda). Direct (grazers in contact with cells of A. fundyense) and indirect (grazers not in contact with cells of A. fundyense) induction assays were carried out with protists and copepods. Only indirect assays were carried out with molluscs and ascidians. Indirect assays also tested whether induction of PST production occurred via kairomones or feeding-related cues. All metazoan grazers induced PST production. By contrast, neither of the two species of protistan grazer induced PST production. Direct and indirect inductions of PST production were evident for the copepod, with direct induction being significantly higher than indirect induction. Effects upon PST production by phylum, species (nested within phylum), and interactions of phylum by diet, and species by diet, were evident. When induction of PST production occurred, a kairomone effect was apparent, except for M. edulis. Similarly, feeding-related cues were evident, except for E. herdmani. An asymptotic relationship between the magnitude of indirect induction of PST production and total cell ingestion by the grazers suggests a saturation response of grazer-induced PST production. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Senft-Batoh, Christina D.; Dam, Hans G.; Shumway, Sandra E.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Wikfors, Gary H.] Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Dam, HG (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, 1080 Shennecossett Rd, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM hans.dam@uconn.edu FU National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms program [NA06NOS4780249]; National Science Foundation's Division of Ocean Sciences [0648126, 1130284]; Connecticut Sea Grant [R/LR-21]; Department of Marine Sciences; Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering at the University of Connecticut; Lerner-Gray Fund of the American Museum of Natural History; Quebec-Labrador Fund, Sounds Conservancy Program FX The authors thank Hayley Skelton-Flores for her assistance in the protistan assays, David Avery and Michael Finiguerra for suggestions that improved this study, and Claudia Koerting for assistance with high-precision liquid chromatography and toxin analyses. Research was supported by grants from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms program, grant NA06NOS4780249, National Science Foundation's Division of Ocean Sciences grants 0648126 and 1130284, and Connecticut Sea Grant R/LR-21. Additional support came from the Department of Marine Sciences and the Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering at the University of Connecticut, and from award from the Lerner-Gray Fund of the American Museum of Natural History and the Quebec-Labrador Fund, Sounds Conservancy Program. [TS] NR 77 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD APR PY 2015 VL 44 BP 20 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2015.02.008 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CH0TJ UT WOS:000353735000003 ER PT J AU White, AE Watkins-Brandt, KS McKibben, SM Wood, AM Hunter, M Forster, Z Du, XN Peterson, WT AF White, Angelicque E. Watkins-Brandt, Katie S. McKibben, S. Morgaine Wood, A. Michelle Hunter, Matthew Forster, Zach Du, Xiuning Peterson, William T. TI Large-scale bloom of Akashiwo sanguinea in the Northern California current system in 2009 (vol 37, pg 38, 2014) SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Correction C1 [White, Angelicque E.; Watkins-Brandt, Katie S.; McKibben, S. Morgaine] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wood, A. Michelle] Univ Oregon, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Hunter, Matthew] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Astoria, OR USA. [Forster, Zach] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Willapa Bay Field Stn, Ocean Park, WA USA. [Du, Xiuning; Peterson, William T.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Du, Xiuning; Peterson, William T.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR USA. RP White, AE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 CEOAS Admin, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM awhite@coas.oregonstate.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD APR PY 2015 VL 44 BP 63 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2015.02.005 PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CH0TJ UT WOS:000353735000008 ER PT J AU Williams, CR Bringi, VN Carey, LD Chandrasekar, V Gatlin, PN Haddad, ZS Meneghini, R Munchak, SJ Nesbitt, SW Petersen, WA Tanelli, S Tokay, A Wilson, A Wolff, DB AF Williams, Christopher R. Bringi, V. N. Carey, Lawrence D. Chandrasekar, V. Gatlin, Patrick N. Haddad, Ziad S. Meneghini, Robert Munchak, S. Joseph Nesbitt, Stephen W. Petersen, Walter A. Tanelli, Simone Tokay, Ali Wilson, Anna Wolff, David B. TI Describing the shape of raindrop size distributions using uncorrelated raindrop mass spectrum parameters (vol 53, pg 1282, 2014) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Williams, Christopher R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Williams, Christopher R.] NOAA, ESRL Phys Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Bringi, V. N.; Chandrasekar, V.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Carey, Lawrence D.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Gatlin, Patrick N.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Haddad, Ziad S.; Tanelli, Simone] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Meneghini, Robert] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Munchak, S. Joseph] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nesbitt, Stephen W.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Petersen, Walter A.; Wolff, David B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. [Tokay, Ali] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Wilson, Anna] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. RP Williams, CR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM christopher.williams@colorado.edu RI Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015 OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850; NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 54 IS 4 BP 932 EP 932 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0055.1 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG8QW UT WOS:000353576200015 ER PT J AU Nicholson, TL Campbell, SL Hutson, RB Marti, GE Bloom, BJ McNally, RL Zhang, W Barrett, MD Safronova, MS Strouse, GF Tew, WL Ye, J AF Nicholson, T. L. Campbell, S. L. Hutson, R. B. Marti, G. E. Bloom, B. J. McNally, R. L. Zhang, W. Barrett, M. D. Safronova, M. S. Strouse, G. F. Tew, W. L. Ye, J. TI Systematic evaluation of an atomic clock at 2 x 10 (-18) total uncertainty SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL LATTICE CLOCKS; STANDARD QUANTUM LIMIT; ENTANGLEMENT; NOISE AB The pursuit of better atomic clocks has advanced many research areas, providing better quantum state control, new insights in quantum science, tighter limits on fundamental constant variation and improved tests of relativity. The record for the best stability and accuracy is currently held by optical lattice clocks. Here we take an important step towards realizing the full potential of a many-particle clock with a state-of-the-art stable laser. Our Sr-87 optical lattice clock now achieves fractional stability of 2.2 x 10 (- 16) at 1 s. With this improved stability, we perform a new accuracy evaluation of our clock, reducing many systematic uncertainties that limited our previous measurements, such as those in the lattice ac Stark shift, the atoms' thermal environment and the atomic response to room-temperature blackbody radiation. Our combined measurements have reduced the total uncertainty of the JILA Sr clock to 2.1 x 10 (- 18) in fractional frequency units. C1 [Nicholson, T. L.; Campbell, S. L.; Hutson, R. B.; Marti, G. E.; Bloom, B. J.; McNally, R. L.; Zhang, W.; Barrett, M. D.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nicholson, T. L.; Campbell, S. L.; Hutson, R. B.; Marti, G. E.; Bloom, B. J.; McNally, R. L.; Zhang, W.; Barrett, M. D.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nicholson, T. L.; Campbell, S. L.; Hutson, R. B.; Marti, G. E.; Bloom, B. J.; McNally, R. L.; Zhang, W.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Barrett, M. D.] Ctr Quantum Technol, Singapore 117543, Singapore. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20899 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20899 USA. [Strouse, G. F.; Tew, W. L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ye, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Barrett, Murray/G-2732-2012; wei, zhang/G-4708-2012; OI wei, zhang/0000-0003-2065-2535; Nicholson, Travis/0000-0002-0503-7991 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency QuASAR Program; NSF Physics Frontier Center at JILA; NIST Director's Office Fellowship FX We thank X. Zhang and M. Bishof for useful discussions, and B. Bjork, L. Sonderhouse and H. Green for technical assistance. This research is supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency QuASAR Program and NSF Physics Frontier Center at JILA. M.D.B. acknowledges support from the JILA Visiting Fellows programme. G.E.M. acknowledges support from the NIST Director's Office Fellowship. Any mention of commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by NIST. NR 50 TC 125 Z9 125 U1 14 U2 53 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD APR PY 2015 VL 6 AR 6896 DI 10.1038/ncomms7896 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CH0IW UT WOS:000353704100004 PM 25898253 ER PT J AU Luthi, R AF Luthi, Randall TI 2015 to Define US Offshore Oil and Gas Activity for Remainder of Decade Offshore Leasing Program, Seismic Survey Permitting to Shape Future SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Luthi, Randall] US Senate, Dept Interior, Washington, DC 20510 USA. [Luthi, Randall] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Luthi, R (reprint author), US Senate, Dept Interior, Washington, DC 20510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 56 IS 4 BP 27 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA CG9XH UT WOS:000353672900006 ER PT J AU Liles, MJ Peterson, MJ Seminoff, JA Altamirano, E Henriquez, AV Gaos, AR Gadea, V Urteaga, J Torres, P Wallace, BP Peterson, TR AF Liles, Michael J. Peterson, Markus J. Seminoff, Jeffrey A. Altamirano, Eduardo Henriquez, Ana V. Gaos, Alexander R. Gadea, Velkiss Urteaga, Jose Torres, Perla Wallace, Bryan P. Peterson, Tarla Rai TI One size does not fit all: Importance of adjusting conservation practices for endangered hawksbill turtles to address local nesting habitat needs in the eastern Pacific Ocean SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Precautionary management; Evidence-based conservation; Habitat protection; Population biology; Reproductive behavior; Species distribution ID ERETMOCHELYS-IMBRICATA; SEA-TURTLES; SITE SELECTION; CHELONIA-MYDAS; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; COSTA-RICA; LEATHERBACK TURTLES; WEST-INDIES; MANAGEMENT; BEACH AB Conservation biologists frequently use data from the same or related species collected in diverse geographic locations to guide interventions in situations where its applicability is uncertain. There are dangers inherent to this approach. The nesting habitats of critically endangered hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) cover a broad geographic global range. Based on data collected in the Caribbean and Indo-Pacific, conservationists assume hawksbills prefer open-coast beaches near coral reefs for nesting, and that individual hawksbills are highly consistent in nest placement, suggesting genetic factors partially account for variation in nest-site choice. We characterized nest-site preferences of hawksbills in El Salvador and Nicaragua, where >80% of nesting activity occurs for this species in the eastern Pacific, and similar to 90% of hawksbill clutches are relocated to hatcheries for protection. We found hawksbills preferred nest sites with abundant vegetation on dynamic beaches within mangrove estuaries. Nests in El Salvador were located closer to the ocean and to the woody vegetation border than nests in Nicaragua, suggesting female hawksbills exhibit local adaptations to differences in nesting habitat. Individual hawksbills consistently placed nests under high percentages of overstory vegetation, but were not consistent in nest placement related to woody vegetation borders. We suggest conservation biologists use caution when generalizing about endangered species that invest in specific life-history strategies (e.g., nesting) over broad ranges based on data collected in distant locations when addressing conservation issues. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liles, Michael J.; Peterson, Markus J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Liles, Michael J.; Henriquez, Ana V.] Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiat, San Salvador, El Salvador. [Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. [Altamirano, Eduardo; Gadea, Velkiss; Urteaga, Jose; Torres, Perla] Fauna & Flora Int, Managua, Nicaragua. [Gaos, Alexander R.] Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiat, San Diego, CA USA. [Gaos, Alexander R.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Wallace, Bryan P.] Stratus Consulting, Boulder, CO USA. [Wallace, Bryan P.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Peterson, Tarla Rai] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Commun, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Peterson, Tarla Rai] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Environm Commun Program, Uppsala, Sweden. RP Liles, MJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, 103 Heep Lab Bldg,TAMU 2258, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM mliles@hawksbill.org; mpeterson@tamu.edu; Jeffrey.Seminoff@noaa.gov; Edurado.Altamirano@fauna-flora.org; ani@hawksbill.org; gaos@hawksbill.org; Velkiss.Gadea@fauna-flora.org; urteaga.jr@gmail.com; perlatog@gmail.com; bryanwallace@gmail.com; tarlarai@gmail.com RI Peterson, Markus/C-3303-2008; OI Peterson, Markus/0000-0001-6145-0134; Peterson, Tarla Rai/0000-0002-2864-0013 FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Agency for International Development; Tom Slick Graduate Fellowship; Boone Crockett Club; Texas AM University FX We thank the numerous people and organizations that helped make this study possible, including N. Sanchez, O. Rivera, L. Manzanares, G. Serrano Liles, I. Yariez, D. Melero, W.J. Nichols, E. Possardt, M. Pico, the Hawksbill Committees of Bahia de Jiquilisco and Estero Padre Ramos, and The Ocean Foundation. We are indebted to the local egg collectors who participated in monitoring efforts and are grateful to the national environmental authorities in El Salvador (MARN) and Nicaragua (1VIARENA) for permits, and to M. Galetti and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments. We thank the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Agency for International Development for funding. M.J.L. was supported by a Tom Slick Graduate Fellowship, the Boone & Crockett Club, and Texas A&M University. NR 71 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 85 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD APR PY 2015 VL 184 BP 405 EP 413 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.02.017 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CG1BE UT WOS:000353007200044 ER PT J AU Pawson, DL Nizinski, MS Ames, CL Pawson, DJ AF Pawson, David L. Nizinski, Martha S. Ames, Cheryl Lewis Pawson, Doris J. TI Deep-sea echinoids and holothurians (Echinodermata) near cold seeps and coral communities in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; WATER LOPHELIA-PERTUSA; GIBBS FRACTURE-ZONE; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; HYDROCARBON SEEP; PACIFIC-OCEAN; HOLOTHUROIDEA; GENUS; SYNALLACTIDAE; URCHINS AB Seven National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and United States Geological Survey expeditions employed manned submersibles or remotely operated vehicles to explore deep-sea coral and cold seep habitats in the northern central Gulf of Mexico continental slope, off Mississippi and Louisiana. Ten species of echinoids and 21 species of holothurians were collected and/or documented by still photography or videography in a relatively small area, in depths of 309-2549 m. New information on ecology, behavior, and distribution of echinoids and holothurians is provided. A new genus name is proposed to replace Meseres Ludwig, 1893, which is preoccupied. Myriotrochus ahearnae, a new species of apodous myriotrochid holothurian, is described. C1 [Pawson, David L.; Ames, Cheryl Lewis; Pawson, Doris J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Nizinski, Martha S.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Ames, Cheryl Lewis] Univ Maryland, Biol Sci Grad Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Pawson, DL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM pawsond@si.edu FU Department of Interior, US Geological Survey through USGS Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Environments Program's Outer Continental Shelf Studies: Lophelia II: Rigs, Reefs and Wrecks [05HQAG0009, 05HQAG0099, 5099HS0013]; NOAA National Undersea Research Center at UNCW FX We thank the captains and ship crews (NOAA ship NANCY FOSTER, R/V SEWARD JOHNSON, R/V CAPE HATTERAS) and submersible crews (JOHNSON-SEA-LINK II; SEAEYE) from all Chemo III, Lophelia I and Lophelia II research cruises. The science crews from these expeditions are acknowledged for help with sample collecting, processing, and data requests. We are grateful to M Vecchione, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Systematics Laboratory, for calling our attention to the existence of the images. Webb Pinner of NOAA kindly provided detailed station data for the imagery. Funding was provided by the Department of Interior, US Geological Survey, under cooperative agreements No. 05HQAG0009 and 05HQAG0099 (sub-agreement 5099HS0013) through USGS Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Environments Program's Outer Continental Shelf Studies: Lophelia II: Rigs, Reefs and Wrecks. Deepwater Program, Studies of Gulf of Mexico Lower Continental Slope Communities Related to Chemosynthetic and Hard Substrate Habitats (Chemo III), and Characterization of Northern Gulf of Mexico Deep-water hard-bottom communities with emphasis on Lophelia coral (Lophelia I). These USGS programs were conducted in cooperation with the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM). The NANCY FOSTER 2008 cruise was funded by a grant to SW Ross (University of North Carolina Wilmington) from the NOAA National Undersea Research Center at UNCW. The UNCW National Undersea Research Center procured the SEAEYE ROV used on the NANCY FOSTER cruise. L Kuhnz (MBARI) kindly provided images of deep-sea holothurians in situ from the MBARI collection. Some preliminary identifications of holothurians were made by the late CA Ahearn, National Museum of Natural History, to whom we are greatly indebted. We are grateful to the collections management staff at the Smithsonian's Museum Support Center, and interns D Villeneuve and J Kuperberg for assistance with curating and sorting specimens, and especially C Wickel (NOAA) for cataloguing many specimens and for assistance in many other ways. We are also grateful to the anonymous reviewers of the manuscript of this paper; their comments were of great value. NR 106 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 17 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD APR PY 2015 VL 91 IS 2 BP 167 EP 204 DI 10.5343/bms.2014.1064 PG 38 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CG3KQ UT WOS:000353179500004 ER PT J AU Enochs, IC Manzello, DP Carlton, RD Graham, DM Ruzicka, R Colella, MA AF Enochs, Ian C. Manzello, Derek P. Carlton, Renee D. Graham, Danielle M. Ruzicka, Rob Colella, Michael A. TI Ocean acidification enhances the bioerosion of a common coral reef sponge: implications for the persistence of the Florida Reef Tract SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REGION-WIDE DECLINES; BORING SPONGES; PHOTOCHEMICAL EFFICIENCY; ANTHOSIGMELLA-VARIANS; CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE; EXCAVATING SPONGE; ELEVATED PCO(2); CLIMATE-CHANGE; CLIONA-CELATA; RATES AB The increase in anthropogenic carbon dioxide in seawater, termed ocean acidification (OA), depresses calcification rates of coral and algae, and may contribute toward reef ecosystem degradation. To test how future OA conditions will influence biologically-mediated dissolution (bioerosion) of coral by the common Caribbean boring sponge Pione lampa (de Laubenfels, 1950), we conducted a series of carefully controlled incubations and used changes in total alkalinity (TA) to calculate calcium carbonate dissolution. We present data showing a positive relationship between seawater pCO(2) and chemical bioerosion that predict a 99% increase in chemical erosion before the end of the century, more than double the expected decline in coral calcification rate. To examine how OA-enhanced erosion will influence reef ecosystem persistence, we incorporated these and other data into a carbonate budget model of 37 reefs along the Florida Reef Tract (FRT). Our model showed that all FRT reefs had a positive CaCO3 budget [mean = 8.257 (SE 0.8077) kg m(-2) yr(-1)] in preindustrial times, whereas approximately 89% of reefs presently exhibit net erosion. Present-day reef-specific calcification would need to increase by 29.4% to compensate for projected end of the century OA-enhancement of total bioerosion. These findings show that OA may accelerate Caribbean and Atlantic coral reef degradation more rapidly than previously predicted. C1 [Enochs, Ian C.; Carlton, Renee D.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Enochs, Ian C.; Manzello, Derek P.; Carlton, Renee D.] NOAA, AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Graham, Danielle M.] Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Ruzicka, Rob; Colella, Michael A.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Enochs, IC (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ian.enochs@noaa.gov RI Manzello, Derek/A-8661-2014; Enochs, Ian/B-8051-2014 OI Manzello, Derek/0000-0002-0720-3041; Enochs, Ian/0000-0002-8867-0361 FU NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program and Ocean Acidification Program FX Funding was provided through NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program and Ocean Acidification Program. Incubation chambers were designed and built by Hoffman Design Works. T Burton provided assistance monitoring tank chemistry. A Chaves-Fonnegra provided information on the best practices for boring sponge collection. M Brandt helped acquire parrotfish data. We are grateful to CM Eakin for discussions that led us to this avenue of investigation. NR 59 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 51 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD APR PY 2015 VL 91 IS 2 BP 271 EP 290 DI 10.5343/bms.2014.1045 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CG3KQ UT WOS:000353179500008 ER PT J AU Tate, JR Bunk, DM Christenson, RH Barth, JH Katrukha, A Noble, JE Schimmel, H Wang, LL Panteghini, M AF Tate, Jillian R. Bunk, David M. Christenson, Robert H. Barth, Julian H. Katrukha, Alexey Noble, James E. Schimmel, Heinz Wang, Lili Panteghini, Mauro CA IFCC Working Grp Standardization C TI Evaluation of standardization capability of current cardiac troponin I assays by a correlation study: results of an IFCC pilot project SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cardiac troponin I; certified reference material; standardization ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; AUTOANTIBODIES; IMMUNOASSAYS; HARMONIZATION; SERUM; PERFORMANCE; RELEASE AB Background: As a part of an International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) project to prepare a commutable reference material for cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a pilot study evaluated current cTnI assays for measurement equivalence and their standardization capability. Methods: cTnI-positive samples collected from 90 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction were assessed for method comparison by 16 cTnI commercial assays according to predefined testing protocols. Seven serum pools prepared from these samples were also assessed. Results: Each assay was assessed against median cTnI concentrations measured by 16 cTnI assays using Passing-Bablok regression analysis of 79 patient samples with values above each assay's declared detection limit. We observed a 10-fold difference in cTnI concentrations for lowest to highest measurement results. After mathematical recalibration of assays, the between-assay variation for patient samples reduced on average from 40% to 22% at low cTnI concentration, 37%-20% at medium concentration, and 29%-14% at high concentration. The average reduction for pools was larger at 16%, 13% and 7% for low, medium and high cTnI concentrations, respectively. Overall, assays demonstrated negligible bias after recalibration (y-intercept: -1.4 to 0.3 ng/L); however, a few samples showed substantial positive and/or negative differences for individual cTnI assays. Conclusions: All of the 16 commercial cTnI assays evaluated in the study demonstrated a significantly higher degree of measurement equivalence after mathematical recalibration, indicating that measurement harmonization or standardization would be effective at reducing inter-assay bias. Pooled sera behaved similarly to individual samples in most assays. C1 [Tate, Jillian R.] Royal Brisbane & Womens Hosp, Dept Chem Pathol, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia. [Bunk, David M.; Wang, Lili] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Christenson, Robert H.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Barth, Julian H.] Leeds Teaching Hosp NHS Trust Leeds Gen Infirm, Clin Biochem, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Katrukha, Alexey] HyTest Ltd, Res Dept, Turku, Finland. [Noble, James E.] Natl Phys Lab, Analyt Sci Grp, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Schimmel, Heinz] European Commiss, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Joint Res Ctr, Geel, Belgium. [Panteghini, Mauro] Univ Milan, Ctr Metrol Traceabil Lab Med CIRME, Milan, Italy. RP Tate, JR (reprint author), Royal Brisbane & Womens Hosp, Dept Chem Pathol, Block 7 Floor 3, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia. EM jill.tate@health.qld.gov.au NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 10 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-6621 EI 1437-4331 J9 CLIN CHEM LAB MED JI Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. PD APR PY 2015 VL 53 IS 5 BP 677 EP 690 DI 10.1515/cclm-2014-1197 PG 14 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA CG2SR UT WOS:000353125700011 PM 25999287 ER PT J AU Hagar, JD Wissink, TL Kuhn, DR Kacker, RN AF Hagar, Jon D. Wissink, Thomas L. Kuhn, D. Richard Kacker, Raghu N. TI Introducing Combinatorial Testing in a Large Organization SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article AB A two-year study of eight pilot projects to introduce combinatorial testing in a large aerospace corporation found that the new methods were practical, significantly lowered development costs, and improved test coverage by 20 to 50 percent. C1 [Hagar, Jon D.] Lockheed Martin, Software Testing, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Wissink, Thomas L.] Lockheed Martin, Integrat Test & Evaluat, Bethesda, MD USA. [Kuhn, D. Richard] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Kacker, Raghu N.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Hagar, JD (reprint author), Lockheed Martin, Software Testing, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM embedded@ecentral.com; tom.wissink@lmco.com; kuhn@nist.gov; raghu.kacker@nist.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 EI 1558-0814 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD APR PY 2015 VL 48 IS 4 BP 64 EP 72 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA CG1XD UT WOS:000353067900009 ER PT J AU Patrick, WS Link, JS AF Patrick, Wesley S. Link, Jason S. TI MYTHS THAT CONTINUE TO IMPEDE PROGRESS IN ECOSYSTEM-BASED FISHERIES MANAGEMENT SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID AGGREGATE SURPLUS PRODUCTION; MARINE RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; MANAGING FISHERIES; PRODUCTION MODELS; IMPLEMENTATION; UNCERTAINTY; PERSPECTIVE; THRESHOLDS; INDICATORS; CHALLENGES AB Ecosystem-based fisheries management has been perceived as something desirable but pragmatically unachievable due to several impediments identified earlier during its implementation phase. Over the years, many of these impediments have been resolved but not well communicated to stakeholders, managers, scientists, and policymakers. As a result, several past impediments to implementing ecosystem-based fisheries management have taken on a mythical status. Here we identify six common myths, address why they in fact no longer impede ecosystem-based fisheries management, and propose solutions for moving forward. We assert that these myths need not continue to exist and that improved approaches for fisheries are indeed feasible. C1 [Patrick, Wesley S.] NOAA Fisheries, Off Sustainable Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Link, Jason S.] NOAA Fisheries, Off Assistant Administrator, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Patrick, WS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Off Sustainable Fisheries, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM wesley.patrick@noaa.gov NR 60 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 10 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD APR PY 2015 VL 40 IS 4 BP 155 EP 160 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CG2YG UT WOS:000353141400007 ER PT J AU Yuen, C Elkashlan, M Qian, Y Duong, TQ Shu, L Schmidt, F AF Yuen, Chau Elkashlan, Maged Qian, Yi Duong, Trung Q. Shu, Lei Schmidt, Frank TI ENERGY HARVESTING COMMUNICATIONS: PART 1 SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Yuen, Chau] Lucent Technol Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ USA. [Yuen, Chau] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Yuen, Chau] Inst Infocomm Res, Singapore, Singapore. [Yuen, Chau] Singapore Univ Technol & Design, Singapore, Singapore. [Elkashlan, Maged] Univ British Columbia, Lab Adv Networking, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Elkashlan, Maged] CSIRO, Wireless & Networking Technol Lab, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [Elkashlan, Maged] Univ Technol Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. [Elkashlan, Maged] Univ London, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, London WC1E 7HU, England. [Qian, Yi] UNL, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lincoln, NE USA. [Qian, Yi] UNL, Telecommun Ind Acad & Govt, Lincoln, NE USA. [Qian, Yi] Nortel Networks, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Qian, Yi] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Qian, Yi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Duong, Trung Q.] BTH, Cochin, Kerala, India. [Duong, Trung Q.] Queens Univ Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Shu, Lei] Osaka Univ, Dept Multimedia Engn, Grad Sch Informat Sci & Technol, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan. [Shu, Lei] Guangdong Univ Petrochem Technol, Maoming, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Shu, Lei] Dalian Univ Technol, Dalian, Liaoning Provin, Peoples R China. [Shu, Lei] Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Coll Software, Informat & Commun Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Shu, Lei] Wuhan Univ, Coll Comp Sci, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Shu, Lei] Tianjin Univ Sci & Technol, Tianjin, Peoples R China. [Shu, Lei] Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Adv Technol, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Shu, Lei] Guangdong Prov Key Lab Petrochem Equipment Fault, Maoming, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Schmidt, Frank] EnOcean, Energy Harvesting & Visionary Management Team, Oberhaching, Germany. [Schmidt, Frank] Siemens AG, Cent Res Dept, Selfpowered Wireless Sensor Technol, Munich, Germany. EM yuenchau@sutd.edu.sg RI Duong, Trung Q./I-1291-2013 OI Duong, Trung Q./0000-0002-4703-4836 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0163-6804 EI 1558-1896 J9 IEEE COMMUN MAG JI IEEE Commun. Mag. PD APR PY 2015 VL 53 IS 4 BP 68 EP 69 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA CF6ZB UT WOS:000352704400010 ER PT J AU Melnikov, VM Istok, MJ Westbrook, JK AF Melnikov, Valery M. Istok, Michael J. Westbrook, John K. TI Asymmetric Radar Echo Patterns from Insects SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLLECTIVE ORIENTATION; PLEXIPPUS LEPIDOPTERA; MONARCH BUTTERFLIES; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; BOUNDARY-LAYER; DOPPLER RADAR; FREE-FLIGHT; CLEAR-AIR; MECHANICS; MIGRATION AB Radar echoes from insects, birds, and bats in the atmosphere exhibit both symmetry and asymmetry in polarimetric patterns. Symmetry refers to similar magnitudes of polarimetric variables at opposite azimuths, and asymmetry relegates to differences in these magnitudes. Asymmetry can be due to different species observed at different azimuths. It is shown in this study that when both polarized waves are transmitted simultaneously, asymmetric patterns can also be caused by insects of the same species that are oriented in the same direction. A model for scattering of simultaneously transmitted horizontally and vertically polarized radar waves by insects is developed. The model reproduces the main features of asymmetric patterns in differential reflectivity: the copolar correlation coefficient and the differential phase. The radar differential phase on transmit between horizontally and vertically polarized waves plays a critical role in the formations of the asymmetric patterns. The width-to-length ratios of insects' bodies and their orientation angles are retrieved from matching the model output with radar data. C1 [Melnikov, Valery M.] Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Melnikov, Valery M.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Istok, Michael J.] US Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Westbrook, John K.] ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX USA. RP Melnikov, VM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Room 4919, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM valery.melnikov@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which improved the presentation. Funding for this study was provided in part by NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 32 IS 4 BP 659 EP 674 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00247.1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG0OT UT WOS:000352966600002 ER PT J AU Leeper, RD Rennie, J Palecki, MA AF Leeper, Ronald D. Rennie, Jared Palecki, Michael A. TI Observational Perspectives from US Climate Reference Network (USCRN) and Cooperative Observer Program (COOP) Network: Temperature and Precipitation Comparison SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEATHER STATION NETWORKS; UNITED-STATES; RADIATION SHIELDS; ASOS; ACCURACY; MMTS AB The U. S. Cooperative Observer Program (COOP) network was formed in the early 1890s to provide daily observations of temperature and precipitation. However, manual observations from naturally aspirated temperature sensors and unshielded precipitation gauges often led to uncertainties in atmospheric measurements. Advancements in observational technology (ventilated temperature sensors, well-shielded precipitation gauges) and measurement techniques (automation and redundant sensors), which improve observation quality, were adopted by NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) into the establishment of the U. S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN). USCRN was designed to provide high-quality and continuous observations to monitor long-term temperature and precipitation trends, and to provide an independent reference to compare to other networks. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how diverse technological and operational choices between the USCRN and COOP programs impact temperature and precipitation observations. Naturally aspirated COOP sensors generally had warmer (+0.48 degrees C) daily maximum and cooler (-0.36 degrees C) minimum temperatures than USCRN, with considerable variability among stations. For precipitation, COOP reported slightly more precipitation overall (1.5%) with network differences varying seasonally. COOP gauges were sensitive to wind biases (no shielding), which are enhanced over winter when COOP observed (10.7%) less precipitation than USCRN. Conversely, wetting factor and gauge evaporation, which dominate in summer, were sources of bias for USCRN, leading to wetter COOP observations over warmer months. Inconsistencies in COOP observations (e. g., multiday observations, time shifts, recording errors) complicated network comparisons and led to unique bias profiles that evolved over time with changes in instrumentation and primary observer. C1 [Leeper, Ronald D.; Rennie, Jared] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites North Carolina, Asheville, NC USA. [Leeper, Ronald D.; Rennie, Jared; Palecki, Michael A.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Leeper, RD (reprint author), Natl Climat Ctr, CICS NC, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM ronald.leeper@noaa.gov RI Rennie, Jared/E-2984-2015 OI Rennie, Jared/0000-0002-3316-9668 FU NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina [NA09NES4400006]; NOAA Climate Program Office FX This work was supported by NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement NA09NES4400006. USCRN is supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office. We especially thank Scott Embler for his technical assistance; and Matt Menne, Jay Lawrimore, Tom Peterson, and the external reviewers for their editorial suggestions. The views and opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 32 IS 4 BP 703 EP 721 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00172.1 PG 19 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG0OT UT WOS:000352966600005 ER PT J AU Rossow, WB Ferrier, J AF Rossow, William B. Ferrier, Joseph TI Evaluation of Long-Term Calibrations of the AVHRR Visible Radiances SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEEP CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; NEAR-INFRARED CHANNELS; RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION; DATA RECORD; REFLECTANCE; NOAA-7; SPACECRAFT; BEHAVIOR; SENSORS AB Two systematic calibrations have been compiled for the visible radiances measured by the series of AVHRR instruments flown on the NOAA operational polar weather satellites: one by the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), anchored on NASA ER-2 underflights in the 1980s and early 1990s and covering the period 1981-2009, and one by the PATMOS-x project, anchored on comparisons to the MODIS instruments on the Aqua and Terra satellites in the 2000s and covering the period 1979-2010 (this result also includes calibration for the near-IR channels). Both methods have had to extend their anchor calibrations over a long series of instruments using different vicarious approaches, so a comparison provides an opportunity to evaluate how well this extension works by cross-checking the results at the anchor points. The basic result of this comparison is that for the "afternoon" series of AVHRRs, the calibrations agree to within their mutual uncertainties. However, this retrospective evaluation also shows that the representation of the time variations can be simplified. The ISCCP procedure had much more difficulty extending the calibration to the "morning" series of AVHRRs with the calibrations for NOAA-15 and NOAA-17 exceeding the estimated uncertainties. Given the general agreement, a new calibration for all AVHRR visible radiances (except TIROS-N, NOAA-6, NOAA-19, and MetOp-A) is proposed that is based on the average of the best linear fits to the two time records. The estimated uncertainty of these calibrations is 63% absolute (scaled radiance units). C1 [Rossow, William B.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Ferrier, Joseph] Trinnovim LLC, Arlington, VA USA. [Ferrier, Joseph] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Rossow, WB (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, CREST, T-107 Steinman Hall,140th St & Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM wbrossow@ccny.cuny.edu RI Rossow, William/F-3138-2015 FU NASA [NNX08AJ80G, NNX08AL79A] FX We thank Andrew Heidinger (NOAA CIMSS) for providing all of his data used to produce the PATMOS-x calibrations, which made possible this very detailed comparison. We also thank David Doelling (NASA Langley) for the discussions and for showing us his direct MODIS to geostationary calibration results. We thank Jack Xiong for helping us understand the MODIS calibration procedure, and Laura Hinkelman and Tom Stone for the useful discussions about these results. This work was supported by NASA Grant NNX08AJ80G (Laura Hinkelman, PI; L. Tsaoussi, PM) and by NASA Grant NNX08AL79A (MEASURES, M. Maiden, PM). This paper is dedicated to our colleague, Christopher L. (Brest) Bishop, whose sudden death in 2008 ended a long and successful analysis of the AVHRR visible calibration. The quality of his work is shown by the comparison and evaluation results presented here. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 32 IS 4 BP 744 EP 766 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00134.1 PG 23 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG0OT UT WOS:000352966600008 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Tokmakian, RT Fan, CW Sun, LC AF Chu, Peter C. Tokmakian, Robin T. Fan, Chenwu Sun, L. Charles TI Optimal Spectral Decomposition (OSD) for Ocean Data Assimilation SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MINIMAL ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; HYDROGRAPHIC PROFILES; FLOW DECOMPOSITION; VARIABILITY; STABILIZATION; SPARSE; SYSTEM; MODEL AB Optimal spectral decomposition (OSD) is applied to ocean data assimilation with variable (temperature, salinity, or velocity) anomalies (relative to background or modeled values) decomposed into generalized Fourier series, such that any anomaly is represented by a linear combination of products of basis functions and corresponding spectral coefficients. It has three steps: 1) determination of the basis functions, 2) optimal mode truncation, and 3) update of the spectral coefficients from innovation (observational increment). The basis functions, depending only on the topography of the ocean basin, are the eigenvectors of the Laplacian operator with the same lateral boundary conditions as the assimilated variable anomalies. The Vapnik-Chervonkis dimension is used to determine the optimal mode truncation. After that, the model field updates due to innovation through solving a set of a linear algebraic equations of the spectral coefficients. The strength and weakness of the OSD method are demonstrated through a twin experiment using the Parallel Ocean Program (POP) model. C1 [Chu, Peter C.; Tokmakian, Robin T.; Fan, Chenwu] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Sun, L. Charles] Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, 833 Dyer Rd,RM SP-328, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pcchu@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Oceanographic Office; Naval Postgraduate School FX The Office of Naval Research, the Naval Oceanographic Office, and the Naval Postgraduate School supported this study. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 32 IS 4 BP 828 EP 841 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00079.1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG0OT UT WOS:000352966600014 ER PT J AU Widegren, JA Harvey, AH McLinden, MO Bruno, TJ AF Widegren, Jason A. Harvey, Allan H. McLinden, Mark O. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Vapor Pressure Measurements by the Gas Saturation Method: The Influence of the Carrier Gas SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HYDROCARBONS; EQUATION-OF-STATE; N-ALKANES; TRANSPIRATION METHOD; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; TRIPLE-POINT; TEMPERATURES; VAPORIZATION; ENTHALPIES; APPARATUS AB The influence of the carrier gas on vapor pressure (psat) measurements by the gas saturation method was studied. Eicosane (C20H42) was used as the test compound. Helium (He), nitrogen (N-2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) were chosen as the carrier gases. The apparent psat of eicosane was determined repeatedly in each of the four carrier gases at 323.15 K, and was found to increase with carrier gas in the order He < N-2 < CO2 < SF6. On average, the apparent psat was 26% higher when measured with SF6 than when measured with helium, which shows that the assumption of ideal-gas behavior for gas saturation measurements can lead to large errors. C1 [Widegren, Jason A.; Harvey, Allan H.; McLinden, Mark O.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD APR PY 2015 VL 60 IS 4 BP 1173 EP 1180 DI 10.1021/je500865j PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA CG2FY UT WOS:000353091500026 ER PT J AU Saldanha, L Dwyer, J Andrews, K Betz, J Harnly, J Pehrsson, P Rimmer, C Savarala, S AF Saldanha, Leila Dwyer, Johanna Andrews, Karen Betz, Joseph Harnly, James Pehrsson, Pamela Rimmer, Catherine Savarala, Sushma TI Feasibility of Including Green Tea Products for an Analytically Verified Dietary Supplement Database SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE analytical methods; botanicals; databases; dietary supplements; green tea; reference materials ID SINGLE-LABORATORY VALIDATION; COCOA-BASED INGREDIENTS; EPICATECHIN ENANTIOMERS; NIH OFFICE; CATECHINS; PROGRESS AB The Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID) is a federally funded, publicly accessible dietary supplement database that currently contains analytically derived information on micronutrients in selected adult and children's multivitamin and mineral (MVM) supplements. Other constituents in dietary supplement products such as botanicals are also of interest and thus are being considered for inclusion in the DSID. Thirty-eight constituents, mainly botanicals were identified and prioritized by a federal interagency committee. Green tea was selected from this list as the botanical for expansion of the DSID. This article describes the process for prioritizing dietary ingredients in the DSID. It also discusses the criteria for inclusion of these ingredients, and the approach for selecting and testing products for the green tea pilot study. Practical Application This article describes the available reference materials, analytical methods, and the program to qualify laboratories for analyzing the active constituents in green tea dietary supplement products, and how these criteria have been used to expand a dietary supplement composition database for green tea products. This information may be useful for product developers, chemists, and researchers involved in the analysis and formulation of products, and those making public policy decisions. C1 [Saldanha, Leila; Dwyer, Johanna; Betz, Joseph] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Andrews, Karen; Harnly, James; Pehrsson, Pamela; Savarala, Sushma] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Rimmer, Catherine] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Saldanha, L (reprint author), NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM Saldanhl@mail.nih.gov OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU Office of Dietary Supplements at the Natl. Inst. of Health FX This study was funded by the Office of Dietary Supplements at the Natl. Inst. of Health. We thank Julia Peterson, PhD, Adjunct Assistant Professor at Tufts Univ.'s Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy for her professional review of this article. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 EI 1750-3841 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD APR PY 2015 VL 80 IS 4 BP H883 EP H888 DI 10.1111/1750-3841.12838 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA CG1VH UT WOS:000353062800030 PM 25817236 ER PT J AU Brasseur, SMJM Patel, TDV Gerrodette, T Meesters, EHWG Reijnders, PJH Aarts, G AF Brasseur, Sophie M. J. M. Patel, Tamara D. van Polanen Gerrodette, Tim Meesters, Erik H. W. G. Reijnders, Peter J. H. Aarts, Geert TI Rapid recovery of Dutch gray seal colonies fueled by immigration SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gray seal; Halichoerus grypus; population development; Bayesian demographic model; North Sea; Dutch Wadden Sea; aerial survey; molt; pups; migration ID HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS FAB; GREY SEAL; HARBOR SEALS; WADDEN SEA; POPULATION-GROWTH; SITE FIDELITY; SABLE ISLAND; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; POSTWEANING FAST; PHOCA-VITULINA AB Gray seals were first observed breeding in the Dutch Wadden Sea in 1985, after centuries of absence. The breeding colony there is now the largest on the European continent. We describe the changes in gray seal numbers and their geographical expansion, and estimate how these processes were influenced by immigration from other colonies. Counts of hauled out animals were carried out between 1985 and 2013, monitoring three different periods of the seals' annual cycle. Using priors determined for the UK population, a Bayesian demographic model was fitted to pup numbers to estimate the population parameters driving the growth. This included immigration of subadults into the breeding population, which contributed to an average growth rate in the pup counts of 19%/yr, much higher than expected in a closed population. This immigration may account for approximately 35% of the total annual growth. In addition, at least 200 gray seals from the UK visit the area temporarily. Recovery of the population in the Netherlands occurred more than 50 yr after gray seals were protected in the UK. These time scales should be taken into account when studying long living marine mammals, e.g., in impact and conservation studies. C1 [Brasseur, Sophie M. J. M.; Patel, Tamara D. van Polanen; Meesters, Erik H. W. G.; Reijnders, Peter J. H.; Aarts, Geert] IMARES, Dept Ecol, NL-1790 AD Den Burg, Netherlands. [Gerrodette, Tim] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Reijnders, Peter J. H.; Aarts, Geert] Wageningen Univ, Dept Aquat Ecol & Water Qual Management, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Brasseur, SMJM (reprint author), IMARES, Dept Ecol, POB 167, NL-1790 AD Den Burg, Netherlands. EM sophie.brasseur@wur.nl RI Logger, Satellite/C-1379-2010 NR 70 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2015 VL 31 IS 2 BP 405 EP 426 DI 10.1111/mms.12160 PG 22 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CG6CK UT WOS:000353382900001 ER PT J AU Baird, RW Mahaffy, SD Gorgone, AM Cullins, T McSweeney, DJ Oleson, EM Bradford, AL Barlow, J Webster, DL AF Baird, Robin W. Mahaffy, Sabre D. Gorgone, Antoinette M. Cullins, Tori McSweeney, Dan J. Oleson, Erin M. Bradford, Amanda L. Barlow, Jay Webster, Daniel L. TI False killer whales and fisheries interactions in Hawaiian waters: Evidence for sex bias and variation among populations and social groups SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bycatch; injuries; fisheries interactions; fisheries; sex bias; false killer whales; Hawai"i ID DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; PSEUDORCA-CRASSIDENS; SITE FIDELITY; ORCINUS-ORCA; ISLAND; MOVEMENTS; REPRODUCTION; PATTERNS; HABITAT; FLORIDA AB We assessed scarring patterns as evidence of fisheries interactions for three populations of false killer whales in Hawaii. Bycatch of the pelagic population in the tuna longline fishery exceeds their Potential Biological Removal level. Scarring was assessed by seven evaluators as consistent, possibly consistent, or not consistent with fisheries interactions, and average scores computed. Scores were highest for scarred main Hawaiian Island (MHI) false killer whales, followed by pelagic and Northwestern Hawaiian Island (NWHI) individuals. Considering only whales for which the majority of evaluators scored scarring as consistent revealed significant differences among populations in the percentage of individuals scarred; MHI: 7.5%, pelagic: 0%, NWHI: 0%. Assessment by social cluster for the MHI population showed that 4.2% of Cluster 1, 7.1% of Cluster 2, and 12.8% of Cluster 3 individuals had such scarring, although differences between clusters were not statistically significant. There was a significant sex bias; all sexed individuals (n = 7) with injuries consistent with fisheries interactions were female. The higher proportion of MHI individuals with fisheries-related scarring suggests that fisheries interactions are occurring at a higher rate in this population. The bias towards females suggests that fisheries-related mortality has a disproportionate impact on population dynamics. C1 [Baird, Robin W.; Mahaffy, Sabre D.; Gorgone, Antoinette M.; Webster, Daniel L.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Cullins, Tori] Wild Dolphin Fdn, Waianae, HI 96724 USA. [McSweeney, Dan J.] Wild Whale Res Fdn, Holualoa, HI 96724 USA. [Oleson, Erin M.; Bradford, Amanda L.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Barlow, Jay] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Baird, RW (reprint author), Cascadia Res Collect, 218 1-2 W 4th Ave, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM rwbaird@cascadiaresearch.org NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2015 VL 31 IS 2 BP 579 EP 590 DI 10.1111/mms.12177 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CG6CK UT WOS:000353382900010 ER PT J AU Pitman, RL Totterdell, JA Fearnbach, H Ballance, LT Durban, JW Kemps, H AF Pitman, Robert L. Totterdell, John A. Fearnbach, Holly Ballance, Lisa T. Durban, John W. Kemps, Hans TI Whale killers: Prevalence and ecological implications of killer whale predation on humpback whale calves off Western Australia SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE escorts; humpback whales; killer whales; Megaptera novaeangliae; Orcinus orca; predation; scavenging; Western Australia; top-down forcing ID SEQUENTIAL MEGAFAUNAL COLLAPSE; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; ORCINUS-ORCA ATTACKS; GREAT WHITE SHARKS; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; MARINE MAMMALS; BALEEN WHALES; BALAENA-MYSTICETUS; HAWAIIAN WATERS; SEA OTTERS AB Reports of killer whales (Orcinus orca) preying on large whales have been relatively rare, and the ecological significance of these attacks is controversial. Here we report on numerous observations of killer whales preying on neonate humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) off Western Australia (WA) based on reports we compiled and our own observations. Attacking killer whales included at least 19 individuals from three stable social groupings in a highly connected local population; 22 separate attacks with known outcomes resulted in at least 14 (64%) kills of humpback calves. We satellite-tagged an adult female killer whale and followed her group on the water for 20.3 h over six separate days. During that time, they attacked eight humpback calves, and from the seven known outcomes, at least three calves (43%) were killed. Overall, our observations suggest that humpback calves are a predictable, plentiful, and readily taken prey source for killer whales and scavenging sharks off WA for at least 5 mo/yr. Humpback escorts vigorously assisted mothers in protecting their calves from attacking killer whales (and a white shark, Carcharodon carcharias). This expands the purported role of escorts in humpback whale social interactions, although it is not clear how this behavior is adaptive for the escorts. C1 [Pitman, Robert L.; Fearnbach, Holly; Ballance, Lisa T.; Durban, John W.] NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Totterdell, John A.; Kemps, Hans] Marine Informat & Res Grp Australia MIRG, Quinns Rocks, WA 6030, Australia. RP Pitman, RL (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM robert.pitman@noaa.gov FU DPaW, Exmouth office; Silverback Films FX We acknowledge the support and cooperation from DPaW, in particular the Exmouth office, and from regional manager Arvid Hogstrom and marine manager Peter Barnes. For assistance in the field, we thank: Grace Totterdell, Tony Howard, Tanja Ryhanen, Dave Bond, Louise Smith, Lyn Totterdell, Krystal Keynes, Jana McGeachy, Violetta Brosig, and Esther McDonald. The following people shared their observations and images with us: Red Blakely, Violetta Brosig, Natalie Chilvers, Huw Dilley, Corey Hann, Tony Howard, Leith Holtzman, Ian Huxter, Kurt Jenner, Emma Johnson, Felicity Kelly, Krystal Keynes, Craig Kitson, Lou Mackenzie, Esther McDonald, Catherine McKelvie, Tamar Melon, Shane and Danielle Middleton, Rex Morey, Mark Panhuyzen, Jono Shales, James Small, Jessica Spencer, AntWarner, Serren Wenngren, and Cindy White. Additional thanks to the Ningaloo whale shark tour boat operators, skippers, and crew; Eric Roulston and his pilots at Norwest Air Work, pilot Tiffany Klein, and Doug Anderson, Luke Barnett, and Ellen Husain from Silverback Films for sharing their video footage with us and providing financial support for this project. An earlier version of the manuscript was improved by comments from J. L. Bannister, D. J. Boness, P. J. Clapham, P. J. Corkeron, and an anonymous reviewer. Research was conducted under permits from: The Commonwealth Department of Environment Cetacean Permit #C2013-0003; Marine Parks Reserves Authority Permit # 011-ACTWN-22032013-01; Access to Biological Resources Permit # AU-COM2014-234; Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW) Regulation 17 License # SF009299, Regulation 04 License # CE 003998, Regulation 15 License # TF005996, and from Flinders University Animal Welfare Committee, Project #E387, issued to the Marine Information and Research Group-Australia (MIRG). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. NR 145 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 11 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2015 VL 31 IS 2 BP 629 EP 657 DI 10.1111/mms.12182 PG 29 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CG6CK UT WOS:000353382900013 ER PT J AU Weller, DW AF Weller, David W. TI E-ROBUSTUS: THE BIOLOGY AND HUMAN HISTORY OF GRAY WHALES SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Weller, DW (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM dave.weller@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2015 VL 31 IS 2 BP 828 EP 829 DI 10.1111/mms.12233 PG 2 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CG6CK UT WOS:000353382900030 ER PT J AU Kirstetter, PE Hong, Y Gourley, JJ Schwaller, M Petersen, W Cao, Q AF Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel Hong, Y. Gourley, J. J. Schwaller, M. Petersen, W. Cao, Qing TI Impact of sub-pixel rainfall variability on spaceborne precipitation estimation: evaluating the TRMM 2A25 product SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE satellite-based rain estimation; radar; QPE; conditional bias; random error ID SURFACE REFERENCE TECHNIQUE; CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; PROFILING ALGORITHM; GAUGE DATA; RADAR; SATELLITE; VALIDATION; QPE; ATTENUATION; AFRICA AB Rain intensity spectra as seen by space sensors feed numerous applications at global scales ranging from water budget studies to forecasting natural hazards related to extreme rainfall events. Rainfall variability at scales finer than what is resolved by current space sensors affects their detection capabilities, the characterization of rainfall types, as well as the quantification of rainfall rates. A high-resolution surface rainfall product is used to evaluate the impact of rainfall variability within the field of view (FOV) of the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) at ground. The primary contribution of this study is to assess the impact of rainfall variability in terms of occurrence, types and rate at PR's pixel resolution on PR precipitation detection, classification and quantification. Several aspects of PR errors are revealed and quantified including sensitivity to non-uniform beam filling. While the error structure of the PR is complicated because of the interaction of these factors, simple error models are developed to describe the PR performances. The methodology and framework developed herein applies more generally to rainfall rate estimates from other sensors on board low Earth-orbiting satellites such as microwave imagers and dual-frequency radars such as with the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission. C1 [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Hong, Y.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Gourley, J. J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Hong, Y.; Cao, Qing] Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Schwaller, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Petersen, W.] NASA, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA USA. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Adv Radar Res Ctr 4610, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU NASA Global Precipitation Measurement mission Ground Validation Management FX We are very much indebted to the team responsible for the NMQ/Q2 products, especially Carrie Langston. We want to thank three anonymous reviewers, whose comments were very useful in improving the manuscript. The 2A23 and 2A12 products were obtained from the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center. This work was funded by a post-doctoral grant from the NASA Global Precipitation Measurement mission Ground Validation Management. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2015 VL 141 IS 688 BP 953 EP 966 DI 10.1002/qj.2416 PN A PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG6LO UT WOS:000353412600024 ER PT J AU Cucurull, L Anthes, RA AF Cucurull, Lidia Anthes, Richard A. TI Impact of Loss of US Microwave and Radio Occultation Observations in Operational Numerical Weather Prediction in Support of the US Data Gap Mitigation Activities SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Infrasound; Microwave observations; Occultation; Satellite observations; Sensitivity studies; Soundings ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; CONSTELLATION; RECEIVERS; AIRCRAFT; CLIMATE; BIAS; NWP AB As the U.S. polar-orbiting satellites NOAA-15, -18, and -19 and NASA's Aqua satellite reach the ends of their lives, there may be a loss in redundancy between their microwave (MW) soundings, and the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) on the Suomi-National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite. With the expected delay in the launch of the next generation of U.S. polar-orbiting satellites, there may be a loss in at least some of the U.S. MW data. There may also be a significant decrease in the number of radio occultation (RO) observations. The mainstay of the global RO system, the COSMIC constellation of six satellites is already past the end of its nominal lifetime. A replacement of RO soundings in the tropics is planned with the launch of COSMIC-2 satellites in 2016. However, the polar constellation of COSMIC-2 will not be launched until 2018 or 2019, and complete funding for this constellation is not assured. Using the NCEP operational forecast system, forecasts for March-April 2013 are carried out in which various combinations of the U.S. MW and all RO soundings are removed. The main results are that the forecasts are only slightly degraded in the Northern Hemisphere, even with all of these observations removed. The decrease in accuracy is considerably greater in the Southern Hemisphere, where the greatest forecast degradation occurs when the RO observations are removed. Overall, these results indicate that the possible gap in RO observations is potentially more significant than the possible gap in the U.S. MW data. C1 [Cucurull, Lidia] NOAA, OAR, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cucurull, Lidia] NOAA, OAR, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA. [Cucurull, Lidia] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anthes, Richard A.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Cucurull, L (reprint author), NOAA, Global Syst Div, Off Director, ESRL,R GSD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lidia.cucurull@noaa.gov RI Cucurull, Lidia/E-8900-2015 FU U.S. Sandy Supplemental project "Establishment of a NOAA Laboratory Activity for Observing System Simulation Experiments" FX LC was funded by the U.S. Sandy Supplemental project "Establishment of a NOAA Laboratory Activity for Observing System Simulation Experiments." We thank Dr. Alexander MacDonald for providing the computer resources to conduct the experiments. We thank Yanqiu Zhu, Jack Woollen, and Fanglin Yang from NCEP/EMC for very productive discussions on the assimilation of radiances and NCEP's verification package. We also thank the National Space Office in Taiwan and NSF, NASA, and NOAA, as well as the U.S. Air Force and the U.S. Navy, for their support of COSMIC. Two anonymous reviewers provided excellent comments. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2015 VL 30 IS 2 BP 255 EP 269 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00077.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG2KN UT WOS:000353103600002 ER PT J AU Amburn, SA Lang, ASID Buonaiuto, MA AF Amburn, Steven A. Lang, Andrew S. I. D. Buonaiuto, Michael A. TI Precipitation Forecasting with Gamma Distribution Models for Gridded Precipitation Events in Eastern Oklahoma and Northwestern Arkansas SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Statistical techniques; Forecasting; Forecasting techniques; Probability forecasts; models; distribution; Grid systems; Flood events AB An elegant and easy to implement probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasting model that can be used to estimate the probability of exceedance (POE) is presented. The model was built using precipitation data collected across eastern Oklahoma and northwestern Arkansas from late 2005 through early 2013. The dataset includes precipitation analyses at 4578 contiguous, 4 km x 4 km grid cells for 1800 precipitation events of 12 h. The dataset is unique in that the meteorological conditions for each 12-h event were relatively homogeneous when contrasted with single-point data obtained over months or years where the meteorological conditions for each rain event could have varied widely. Grid cells were counted and stratified by precipitation amount in increments of 0.05 in. (1.27 mm) up to 10 in. (254 mm), yielding histograms for each event. POEs were computed from the observed precipitation distributions and compared to POEs computed from two gamma probability density functions The errors between the observed POEs and gamma-computed POEs ranged between 2% and 10%, depending on the threshold POE selected for the comparison. This accuracy suggests the gamma models could be used to make reasonably accurate estimates of POE, given the percent areal coverage and the mean precipitation over the area. Finally, it is suggested that the areal distribution for each event is representative of the distribution at any point in the area over a large number of similar events. It then follows that the gamma models can be used to make forecasts for the probability of exceedance at a point, given the probability of rain and the expected mean rainfall at that same point. C1 [Amburn, Steven A.] Natl Weather Serv, Tulsa, OK 74128 USA. [Lang, Andrew S. I. D.; Buonaiuto, Michael A.] Oral Roberts Univ, Tulsa, OK USA. RP Amburn, SA (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 10159 E 11th St,Ste 300, Tulsa, OK 74128 USA. EM steve.amburn@noaa.gov OI Buonaiuto, Michael/0000-0003-1741-3429 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2015 VL 30 IS 2 BP 349 EP 367 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00054.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG2KN UT WOS:000353103600007 ER PT J AU Bowden, KA Heinselman, PL Kingfield, DM Thomas, RP AF Bowden, Katie A. Heinselman, Pamela L. Kingfield, Darrel M. Thomas, Rick P. TI Impacts of Phased-Array Radar Data on Forecaster Performance during Severe Hail and Wind Events SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Radars; Radar observations; Forecast verification; skill; Operational forecasting ID DECISION-MAKING; WEATHER RADAR; UNITED-STATES; ORGANIZATIONS; INFORMATION; EXPERTISE AB The ongoing Phased Array Radar Innovative Sensing Experiment (PARISE) investigates the impacts of higher-temporal-resolution radar data on the warning decision process of NWS forecasters. Twelve NWS forecasters participated in the 2013 PARISE and were assigned to either a control (5-min updates) or an experimental (1-min updates) group. Participants worked two case studies in simulated real time. The first case presented a marginally severe hail event, and the second case presented a severe hail and wind event. While working each event, participants made decisions regarding the detection, identification, and reidentification of severe weather. These three levels compose what has now been termed the compound warning decision process. Decisions were verified with respect to the three levels of the compound warning decision process and the experimental group obtained a lower mean false alarm ratio than the control group throughout both cases. The experimental group also obtained a higher mean probability of detection than the control group throughout the first case and at the detection level in the second case. Statistical significance (p value = 0.0252) was established for the difference in median lead times obtained by the experimental (21.5 min) and control (17.3 min) groups. A confidence-based assessment was used to categorize decisions into four types: doubtful, uninformed, misinformed, and mastery. Although mastery (i.e., confident and correct) decisions formed the largest category in both groups, the experimental group had a larger proportion of mastery decisions, possibly because of their enhanced ability to observe and track individual storm characteristics through the use of 1-min updates. C1 [Bowden, Katie A.; Kingfield, Darrel M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Heinselman, Pamela L.; Kingfield, Darrel M.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Thomas, Rick P.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Bowden, KA (reprint author), 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM katie.bowden@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX Thank you to the 12 NWS forecasters for participating in this study, to the participating WFOs' MICs for supporting recruitment, and to Michael Scotten for participating in the pilot experiment. We also thank A/V specialist James Murnan, software expert Eddie Forren, and GIS expert Ami Arthur. Advice from committee members Robert Palmer and David Parsons, along with insightful discussion with Harold Brooks and Lans Rothfusz, aided the development of this study. We are grateful to Kurt Hondl, Michael Scotten, and the two anonymous reviewers for providing comments on this paper. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2015 VL 30 IS 2 BP 389 EP 404 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00101.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG2KN UT WOS:000353103600009 ER PT J AU He, XG Kim, H Kirstetter, PE Yoshimura, K Chang, EC Ferguson, CR Erlingis, JM Hong, Y Oki, T AF He, Xiaogang Kim, Hyungjun Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel Yoshimura, Kei Chang, Eun-Chul Ferguson, Craig R. Erlingis, Jessica M. Hong, Yang Oki, Taikan TI The Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation in Regional Spectral Model Simulations over West Africa: Sensitivities to Resolution and Cumulus Schemes SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Precipitation; Hydrometeorology; Climate models; Convective parameterization; Diurnal effects ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; UNITED-STATES; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; WARM-SEASON; SOIL-MOISTURE; VERTICAL DIFFUSION; HYDROLOGIC-CYCLE; SUMMER MONSOON; RAINFALL; VARIABILITY AB As a basic form of climate patterns, the diurnal cycle of precipitation (DCP) can provide a key test bed for model reliability and development. In this study, the DCP over West Africa was simulated by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Regional Spectral Model (RSM) during the monsoon season (April-September) of 2005. Three convective parameterization schemes (CPSs), single-layer simplified Arakawa-Schubert (SAS), multilayer relaxed Arakawa-Schubert (RAS), and new Kain-Fritsch (KF2), were evaluated at two horizontal resolutions (20 and 10 km). The Benin mesoscale site was singled out for additional investigation of resolution effects. Harmonic analysis was used to characterize the phase and amplitude of the DCP. Compared to satellite observations, the overall spatial distributions of amplitude were well captured at regional scales. The RSM properly reproduced the observed late afternoon peak over land and the early morning peak over ocean. Nevertheless, the peak time was early. Sensitivity experiments of CPSs showed similar spatial patterns of rainfall totals among the schemes; CPSs mainly affected the amplitude of the diurnal cycle, while the phase was not significantly shifted. There is no clear optimal pairing of resolution and CPS. However, it is found that the sensitivity of DCP to CPSs and resolution varies with the partitioning between convective and stratiform, which implies that appropriate partitioning needs to be considered for future development of CPSs in global or regional climate models. C1 [He, Xiaogang; Kim, Hyungjun; Oki, Taikan] Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Hong, Yang] Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Yoshimura, Kei] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. [Chang, Eun-Chul] Kongju Natl Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Gongju, South Korea. [Ferguson, Craig R.] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Erlingis, Jessica M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), ARRC, Natl Weather Ctr, Ste 4610,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Yoshimura, Kei/F-2041-2010; Oki, Taikan/E-5778-2010; KIM, HYUNGJUN/I-5099-2014; Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; OI Yoshimura, Kei/0000-0002-5761-1561; Oki, Taikan/0000-0003-4067-4678; KIM, HYUNGJUN/0000-0003-1083-8416; Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; He, Xiaogang/0000-0001-7428-0269 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science "KAKENHI" [23226012]; Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology; Japanese Ministry of Environment [S-10]; seventh research announcement for Precipitation Measuring Mission (PMM) FX This study was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science "KAKENHI" (23226012); the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology "SOUSEI" Program; the Japanese Ministry of Environment Environmental Research and Technology Development Fund (S-10: comprehensive study to develop a global climate change risks management strategy); and the seventh research announcement for Precipitation Measuring Mission (PMM) managed by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. We would like to acknowledge the AMMA Land Surface Model Intercomparison Project (ALMIP) and the AMMA-CATCH network for use of the mesoscale precipitation fields. The authors are also grateful to the editor and three anonymous reviewers for their reviews and valuable suggestions during the review process. NR 85 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2015 VL 30 IS 2 BP 424 EP 445 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00013.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG2KN UT WOS:000353103600011 ER PT J AU Peng, SQ Li, YN Gu, XQ Chen, SM Wang, DX Wang, H Zhang, SW Lv, WH Wang, CZ Liu, B Liu, DL Lai, ZJ Lai, WF Wang, SG Feng, YR Zhang, JF AF Peng, Shiqiu Li, Yineng Gu, Xiangqian Chen, Shumin Wang, Dongxiao Wang, Hui Zhang, Shuwen Lv, Weihua Wang, Chunzai Liu, Bei Liu, Duanling Lai, Zhijuan Lai, Wenfeng Wang, Shengan Feng, Yerong Zhang, Junfeng TI A Real-Time Regional Forecasting System Established for the South China Sea and Its Performance in the Track Forecasts of Tropical Cyclones during 2011-13 SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclones; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting; Operational forecasting; Short-range prediction; Regional models ID PREDICTION SYSTEM; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; PREDICTABILITY; ASSIMILATION; OCEAN AB A real-time regional forecasting system for the South China Sea (SCS), called the Experimental Platform of Marine Environment Forecasting (EPMEF), is introduced in this paper. EPMEF consists of a regional atmosphere model, a regional ocean model, and a wave model, and performs a real-time run four times a day. Output from the Global Forecast System (GFS) from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) is used as the initial and boundary conditions of two nested domains of the atmosphere model, which can exert a constraint on the development of small- and mesoscale atmospheric perturbations through dynamical downscaling. The forecasted winds at 10-m height from the atmosphere model are used to drive the ocean and wave models. As an initial evaluation, a census on the track predictions of 44 tropical cyclones (TCs) during 2011-13 indicates that the performance of EPMEF is very encouraging and comparable to those of other official agencies worldwide. In particular, EPMEF successfully predicted several abnormal typhoon tracks including the sharp recurving of Megi (2010) and the looping of Roke (2011). Further analysis reveals that the dynamically downscaled GFS forecasts from the most updated forecast cycle and the optimal combination of different microphysics and PBL schemes primarily contribute to the good performance of EPMEF in TC track forecasting. EPMEF, established primarily for research purposes with the potential to be implemented into operations, provides valuable information not only to the operational forecasters of local marine/meteorological agencies or international TC forecast centers, but also to other stakeholders such as the fishing industry and insurance companies. C1 [Peng, Shiqiu; Li, Yineng; Chen, Shumin; Wang, Dongxiao; Liu, Bei; Liu, Duanling; Lai, Zhijuan; Lai, Wenfeng; Wang, Shengan] Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Gu, Xiangqian] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Hui] Natl Marine Environm Forecasting Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Shuwen; Liu, Bei] Guangdong Ocean Univ, Coll Ocean & Meteorol, Zhanjiang, Peoples R China. [Lv, Weihua] Maoming Meteorol Bur, Maoming, Peoples R China. [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Liu, Duanling; Feng, Yerong] Meteorol Ctr Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Lai, Zhijuan; Zhang, Junfeng] State Ocean Adm, South China Sea Marine Predict Ctr, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Peng, SQ (reprint author), LTO SCSIO, 164 West Xingang Rd, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM speng@scsio.ac.cn RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; WANG, DongXiao/B-4445-2012; Feng, Yerong/N-6516-2016 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; Feng, Yerong/0000-0003-0646-532X FU MOST of China [2011CB403505, 2014CB953904]; China Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest [GYHY201406008]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA01020304, KZCX2-EW-208]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41376021]; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangdong Marine's disaster emergency response technology research center [2012A032100004] FX This work was jointly supported by the MOST of China (Grants 2011CB403505 and 2014CB953904); the China Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest (GYHY201406008); the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant XDA01020304); the Chinese Academy of Sciences through Project KZCX2-EW-208; the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41376021); the Hundred Talent Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; and Guangdong Marine's disaster emergency response technology research center (2012A032100004). NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2015 VL 30 IS 2 BP 471 EP 485 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00070.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG2KN UT WOS:000353103600014 ER PT J AU Ahn, SH Liu, YH Moffat, TP AF Ahn, Sang Hyun Liu, Yihua Moffat, Thomas P. TI Ultrathin Platinum Films for Methanol and Formic Acid Oxidation: Activity as a Function of Film Thickness and Coverage SO ACS CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE ultrathin platinum film; self-terminating electrodeposition; methanol oxidation; formic acid oxidation; platinum gold bimetallic ensemble effect ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL PLATINUM; FUEL-CELLS; REDOX REPLACEMENT; CARBON-MONOXIDE; ELECTROCATALYTIC OXIDATION; POLYCRYSTALLINE PLATINUM; CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY; PT NANOPARTICLES; SURFACE ALLOYS; AU SURFACES AB Self-terminating electrodeposition was used to grow ultrathin Pt overlayers on 111 textured Au thin films. The Pt thickness was digitally controlled by pulsed potential deposition that enabled the influence of overlayer thickness on electrocataytic reactions, such as methanol and formic acid oxidation, to be examined. Bimetallic and ensemble effects associated with submonolayer coverage of Pt on Au yield enhanced catalysis. For films grown using one deposition pulse, the peak rate of CH3OH oxidation was enhanced by a factor of 4 relative to bulk Pt. The overlayer consisted of 2 nm diameter monolayer Pt islands that covered 75% of the surface; however, voltammetric cycling resulted in a loss of the enhanced activity associated with the as-deposited submonolayer films. For thicker Pt films, the electrocatalytic activity decreased monotonically with thickness until bulk Pt behavior was obtained beyond three monolayers. For HCOOH oxidation improvements in the Pt area, normalized activity in excess of a 100-fold were observed for submonolayer Pt films. The performance improved with voltammetric cycling as a result of a combination of Pt dissolution, Au segregation, and Pt-Au alloy formation. The maximum activity was associated with fractional surface coverage between 0.28 and 0.21, although the films were subject to a deactivation process at longer times related to a diffusional process. Bulk Pt behavior for formic acid oxidation was observed for Pt films greater than three monolayers in thickness. C1 [Ahn, Sang Hyun; Liu, Yihua; Moffat, Thomas P.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Moffat, TP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.moffat@nist.gov FU NIST Material Measurement Laboratory programs FX This work was supported by the NIST Material Measurement Laboratory programs. The X-ray photoelectron spectrometer was provided by NIST American Recovery and Reinvestment Act funds. Identification of commercial products in this paper is done to specify the experimental procedure. In no case does this imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 75 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 9 U2 81 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2155-5435 J9 ACS CATAL JI ACS Catal. PD APR PY 2015 VL 5 IS 4 BP 2124 EP 2136 DI 10.1021/cs501228j PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CF3QU UT WOS:000352464400013 ER PT J AU Wise, SA Emons, H AF Wise, Stephen A. Emons, Hendrik TI Reference materials for chemical analysis SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Wise, Stephen A.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Emons, Hendrik] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. RP Wise, SA (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.wise@nist.gov; Hendrik.EMONS@ec.europa.eu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD APR PY 2015 VL 407 IS 11 BP 2941 EP 2943 DI 10.1007/s00216-015-8500-1 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA CF1GJ UT WOS:000352292000001 PM 25694143 ER PT J AU Schantz, MM Benner, BA Heckert, NA Sander, LC Sharpless, KE Vander Pol, SS Vasquez, Y Villegas, M Wise, SA Alwis, KU Blount, BC Calafat, AM Li, Z Silva, MJ Ye, X Gaudreau, E Patterson, DG Sjodin, A AF Schantz, Michele M. Benner, Bruce A., Jr. Heckert, N. Alan Sander, Lane C. Sharpless, Katherine E. Vander Pol, Stacy S. Vasquez, Y. Villegas, M. Wise, Stephen A. Alwis, K. Udeni Blount, Benjamin C. Calafat, Antonia M. Li, Zheng Silva, Manori J. Ye, Xiaoyun Gaudreau, Eric Patterson, Donald G., Jr. Sjoedin, Andreas TI Development of urine standard reference materials for metabolites of organic chemicals including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates, phenols, parabens, and volatile organic compounds SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Reference materials; Urine; PAHs; Phthalates; Phenols; VOCs ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EXPOSURE; QUANTIFICATION; NAPHTHALENE; EXTRACTION; BIOMARKERS; NICOTINE; SERUM; MILK; ACID AB Two new Standard Reference Materials (SRMs), SRM 3672 Organic Contaminants in Smokers' Urine (Frozen) and SRM 3673 Organic Contaminants in Non-Smokers' Urine (Frozen), have been developed in support of studies for assessment of human exposure to select organic environmental contaminants. Collaborations among three organizations resulted in certified values for 11 hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) and reference values for 11 phthalate metabolites, 8 environmental phenols and parabens, and 24 volatile organic compound (VOC) metabolites. Reference values are also available for creatinine and the free forms of caffeine, theobromine, ibuprofen, nicotine, cotinine, and 3-hydroxycotinine. These are the first urine Certified Reference Materials characterized for metabolites of organic environmental contaminants. Noteworthy, the mass fractions of the environmental organic contaminants in the two SRMs are within the ranges reported in population survey studies such as the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS). These SRMs will be useful as quality control samples for ensuring compatibility of results among population survey studies and will fill a void to assess the accuracy of analytical methods used in studies monitoring human exposure to these organic environmental contaminants. C1 [Schantz, Michele M.; Benner, Bruce A., Jr.; Sander, Lane C.; Sharpless, Katherine E.; Vander Pol, Stacy S.; Vasquez, Y.; Villegas, M.; Wise, Stephen A.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heckert, N. Alan] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Alwis, K. Udeni; Blount, Benjamin C.; Calafat, Antonia M.; Li, Zheng; Silva, Manori J.; Ye, Xiaoyun; Sjoedin, Andreas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Gaudreau, Eric] Inst Natl Sante Publ Quebec, Toxicol Lab, Quebec City, PQ G1V 5B3, Canada. [Patterson, Donald G., Jr.] Environ Solut Consulting Inc, Auburn, GA 30011 USA. [Vasquez, Y.; Villegas, M.] Fdn Chile, Ctr Metrol Quim, Santiago 8320000, Chile. RP Schantz, MM (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michele.schantz@nist.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 34 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 35 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD APR PY 2015 VL 407 IS 11 BP 2945 EP 2954 DI 10.1007/s00216-014-8441-0 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA CF1GJ UT WOS:000352292000002 PM 25651899 ER PT J AU Mineva, EM Zhang, M Rabinowitz, DJ Phinney, KW Pfeiffer, CM AF Mineva, Ekaterina M. Zhang, Mindy Rabinowitz, Daniel J. Phinney, Karen W. Pfeiffer, Christine M. TI An LC-MS/MS method for serum methylmalonic acid suitable for monitoring vitamin B12 status in population surveys SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE MMA; Method comparison; GC/MS; Anticoagulant types; NHANES; NIST SRM1950; Vitamin B-12 ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; STABLE-ISOTOPE-DILUTION; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY; AUTOMATED-ASSAY; PLASMA; URINE; QUANTIFICATION AB Methylmalonic acid (MMA), a functional indicator of vitamin B-12 insufficiency, was measured in the US population in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2004 using a GC/MS procedure that required 275 mu L of sample and had a low throughput (36 samples/run). Our objective was to introduce a more efficient yet highly accurate LC-MS/MS method for NHANES 2011-2014. We adapted the sample preparation with some modifications from a published isotope-dilution LC-MS/MS procedure. The procedure utilized liquid-liquid extraction and generation of MMA dibutyl ester. Reversed-phase chromatography with isocratic elution allowed baseline resolution of MMA from its naturally occurring structural isomer succinic acid within 4.5 min. Our new method afforded an increased throughput (a parts per thousand currency sign160 samples/run) and measured serum MMA with high sensitivity (LOD = 22.1 nmol/L) in only 75 mu L of sample. Mean (+/- SD) recovery of MMA spiked into serum (2 d, 4 levels, 2 replicates each) was 94 % +/- 5.5 %. Total imprecision (41 d, 2 replicates each) for three serum quality control pools was 4.9 %-7.9 % (97.1-548 nmol/L). The LC-MS/MS method showed excellent correlation (n = 326, r = 0.99) and no bias (Deming regression, Bland-Altman analysis) compared to the previous GC/MS method. Both methods produced virtually identical mean (+/- SD) MMA concentrations [LC-MS/MS: 18.47 +/- 0.71 ng/mL (n = 17), GC/MS: 18.18 +/- 0.67 ng/mL (n = 11)] on a future plasma reference material compared with a GC/MS method procedure from the National Institute of Standards and Technology [18.41 +/- 0.70 ng/mL (n = 15)]. No adjustment will be necessary to compare previous (1999-2004) to future (2011-2014) NHANES MMA data. C1 [Mineva, Ekaterina M.; Zhang, Mindy; Rabinowitz, Daniel J.; Pfeiffer, Christine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Phinney, Karen W.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pfeiffer, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cfp8@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 27 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD APR PY 2015 VL 407 IS 11 BP 2955 EP 2964 DI 10.1007/s00216-014-8148-2 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA CF1GJ UT WOS:000352292000003 PM 25258283 ER PT J AU Phillips, MM AF Phillips, Melissa M. TI Liquid chromatography with isotope-dilution mass spectrometry for determination of water-soluble vitamins in foods SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Vitamins; Nutrition; Fortification; Food; Mass spectrometry; Isotope dilution ID B-COMPLEX VITAMINS; SEQUENTIAL DETERMINATION; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; INFANT MILK; MATRICES; PHASE; RIBOFLAVIN; VALIDATION; PYRIDOXINE; SEPARATION AB Vitamins are essential for improving and maintaining human health, and the main source of vitamins is the diet. Measurement of the quantities of water-soluble vitamins in common food materials is important to understand the impact of vitamin intake on human health, and also to provide necessary information for regulators to determine adequate intakes. Liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) based methods for water-soluble vitamin analysis are abundant in the literature, but most focus on only fortified foods or dietary supplements or allow determination of only a single vitamin. In this work, a method based on LC/MS and LC/MS/MS has been developed to allow simultaneous quantitation of eight water-soluble vitamins, including multiple forms of vitamins B-3 and B-6, in a variety of fortified and unfortified food-matrix Standard Reference Materials (SRMs). Optimization of extraction of unbound vitamin forms and confirmation using data from external laboratories ensured accuracy in the assigned values, and addition of stable isotope labeled internal standards for each of the vitamins allowed for increased precision. C1 NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phillips, MM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM melissa.phillips@nist.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 33 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD APR PY 2015 VL 407 IS 11 BP 2965 EP 2974 DI 10.1007/s00216-014-8354-y PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA CF1GJ UT WOS:000352292000004 PM 25433686 ER PT J AU Reiner, JL Blaine, AC Higgins, CP Huset, C Jenkins, TM Kwadijk, CJAF Lange, CC Muir, DCG Reagen, WK Rich, C Small, JM Strynar, MJ Washington, JW Yoo, H Keller, JM AF Reiner, Jessica L. Blaine, Andrea C. Higgins, Christopher P. Huset, Carin Jenkins, Thomas M. Kwadijk, Christiaan J. A. F. Lange, Cleston C. Muir, Derek C. G. Reagen, William K. Rich, Courtney Small, Jeff M. Strynar, Mark J. Washington, John W. Yoo, Hoon Keller, Jennifer M. TI Polyfluorinated substances in abiotic standard reference materials SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Polyfluorinated substances; Standard reference materials; Sediment; Sludge; House dust; Interlaboratory comparison exercise ID ALKYL ACID CONCENTRATIONS; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; TEMPORAL TRENDS; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; SPATIAL TRENDS; HUMAN PLASMA; HOUSE-DUST; PERFLUOROCHEMICALS; CONTAMINANTS; CHINA AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has a wide range of Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) which have values assigned for legacy organic pollutants and toxic elements. Existing SRMs serve as homogenous materials that can be used for method development, method validation, and measurement for contaminants that are now of concern. NIST and multiple groups have been measuring the mass fraction of a group of emerging contaminants, polyfluorinated substances (PFASs), in a variety of SRMs. Here we report levels determined in an interlaboratory comparison of up to 23 PFASs determined in five SRMs: sediment (SRMs 1941b and 1944), house dust (SRM 2585), soil (SRM 2586), and sludge (SRM 2781). Measurements presented show an array of PFASs, with perfluorooctane sulfonate being the most frequently detected. SRMs 1941b, 1944, and 2586 had relatively low concentrations of most PFASs measured while 23 PFASs were at detectable levels in SRM 2585 and most of the PFASs measured were at detectable levels in SRM 2781. The measurements made in this study were used to add values to the Certificates of Analysis for SRMs 2585 and 2781. C1 [Reiner, Jessica L.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Reiner, Jessica L.; Keller, Jennifer M.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Blaine, Andrea C.; Higgins, Christopher P.; Rich, Courtney] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Huset, Carin] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN 55164 USA. [Jenkins, Thomas M.; Washington, John W.; Yoo, Hoon] US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Kwadijk, Christiaan J. A. F.] Wageningen IMARES, NL-1970 Ijmuiden, Netherlands. [Lange, Cleston C.; Reagen, William K.] 3M Co, Environm Lab, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. [Muir, Derek C. G.; Small, Jeff M.] Environm Canada, Water Sci & Technol Directorate, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Strynar, Mark J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Reiner, JL (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jessica.reiner@nist.gov RI Higgins, Christopher/B-1836-2010; OI Higgins, Christopher/0000-0001-6220-8673; Muir, Derek/0000-0001-6631-9776; Lange, Cleston/0000-0002-9203-5918 NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 25 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD APR PY 2015 VL 407 IS 11 BP 2975 EP 2983 DI 10.1007/s00216-013-7330-2 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA CF1GJ UT WOS:000352292000005 PM 26005739 ER PT J AU Pratt, KW AF Pratt, Kenneth W. TI Longitudinal meta-analysis of NIST pH Standard Reference Materials(A (R)): a complement to pH key comparisons SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Key Comparison; Meta-analysis; pH measurements; Primary measurement; Reference Materials; Chemometrics ID SILVER/SILVER CHLORIDE ELECTRODES; PRECISION COULOMETRIC TITRIMETRY; POTASSIUM HYDROGEN PHTHALATE; BUFFER SOLUTIONS; 60-DEGREES C; ACID; VALUES; DISSOCIATION; 0-DEGREES; CONSTANT AB This meta-analysis assesses the long-term (up to 70 years) within-laboratory variation of the NIST pH Standard Reference MaterialA (R) (SRM) tetroxalate, phthalate, phosphate, borate, and carbonate buffers. Values of Delta pH(S), the difference between the certified pH value, pH(S), of each SRM issue and the mean of all pH(S) values for the given SRM at that Celsius temperature, t, are graphed as a function of the SRM issue and t. In most cases, |Delta pH(S)| < 0.004. Deviations from the nominal base:acid amount (mole) ratio of a buffer yield t-independent, constant shifts in Delta pH(S). The mean Delta pH(S) characterizes such deviations. The corresponding mole fraction of impurity in the conjugate buffer component is generally < 0.3 %. Changes in the equipment, personnel, materials, and methodology of the pH(S) measurement yield t-dependent variations. The standard deviation of Delta pH(S) characterizes such changes. Standard deviations of Delta pH(S) are generally 0.0015 or less. The results provide a long-term, single-institution complement to the time-specific, multi-institution results of pH key comparisons administered by the Consultative Committee for Metrology in Chemistry and Biology (CCQM). C1 NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pratt, KW (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kenneth.pratt@nist.gov NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD APR PY 2015 VL 407 IS 11 BP 3193 EP 3203 DI 10.1007/s00216-014-8326-2 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA CF1GJ UT WOS:000352292000024 PM 25450053 ER PT J AU Schantz, MM Pugh, RS Vander Pol, SS Wise, SA AF Schantz, Michele M. Pugh, Rebecca S. Vander Pol, Stacy S. Wise, Stephen A. TI Long-term stability and temporal trends of organic contaminants in four collections of mussel tissue frozen standard reference materials SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Quality assurance / control; Reference materials; Organic compounds / Trace organic compounds ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DIPHENYL ETHERS; CONSTITUENTS AB The stability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and chlorinated pesticides in frozen mussel tissue Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) stored at -80 A degrees C was assessed by analyzing samples of SRM 1974, SRM 1974a, and SRM 1974b Organics in Mussel Tissue (Mytilus edulis) periodically over 25 y, 20 y, and 12 y, respectively. The most recent analyses were performed during the certification of the fourth release of this material, SRM 1974c. Results indicate the concentrations of these persistent organic pollutants have not changed during storage at -80 A degrees C. In addition, brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) were quantified in each of the materials during this study. The stability information is important for on-going monitoring studies collecting large quantities of samples for future analyses (i.e., formally established specimen banking programs). Since all four mussel tissue SRMs were prepared from mussels collected at the same site in Dorchester Bay, MA, USA, the results provide a temporal trend study for these contaminants over a 17 year period (1987 to 2004). C1 [Schantz, Michele M.; Wise, Stephen A.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pugh, Rebecca S.; Vander Pol, Stacy S.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Schantz, MM (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michele.schantz@nist.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD APR PY 2015 VL 407 IS 11 BP 3253 EP 3258 DI 10.1007/s00216-015-8524-6 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA CF1GJ UT WOS:000352292000032 PM 25711987 ER PT J AU Cooksey, CC Allen, DW Tsai, BK Yoon, HW AF Cooksey, Catherine C. Allen, David W. Tsai, Benjamin K. Yoon, Howard W. TI Establishment and application of the 0/45 reflectance factor scale over the shortwave infrared SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB This paper describes the establishment and application of the 0/45 reflectance factor scale in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) from 1100 to 2500 nm. Design, characterization, and the demonstration of a four-stage, extended indium-gallium-arsenide radiometer to perform reflectance measurements in the SWIR have been previously discussed. Here, we focus on the incorporation of the radiometer into the national reference reflectometer, its validation through comparison measurements, and the uncertainty budget. Next, this capability is applied to the measurement of three different diffuser materials. The 0/45 spectral reflectance factors for these materials are reported and compared to their respective 6/di spectral reflectance factors. C1 [Cooksey, Catherine C.; Allen, David W.; Tsai, Benjamin K.; Yoon, Howard W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cooksey, CC (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM catherine.cooksey@nist.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 10 BP 3064 EP 3071 DI 10.1364/AO.54.003064 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA CE9GP UT WOS:000352152400065 PM 25967222 ER PT J AU Solis, D del Corral, J Perruso, L Agar, JJ AF Solis, Daniel del Corral, Julio Perruso, Lawrence Agar, Juan J. TI Individual fishing quotas and fishing capacity in the US Gulf of Mexico red snapper fishery SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE fisheries; productivity analysis; quotas ID COMMON-POOL RESOURCE; MULTISPECIES FISHERIES; EXCESS CAPACITY; MANAGEMENT; EFFICIENCY; INDUSTRIES; CHALLENGES; PROPERTY; MODEL AB Overcapacity (OC) and excess capacity (EC) are serious obstacles affecting the sound management of commercial fisheries around the world. The use of individual fishing quotas (IFQs) has been proposed as a promising management tool to cope with these challenges. However, the empirical evidence on the efficacy of this instrument is scarce. Drawing on a stochastic distance frontier analysis, we investigate the impact of the US Gulf of Mexico red snapper IFQ program on fishing capacity, capacity utilisation (CU) and OC. The paper also offers an alternative approach to compute species-specific capacity measurements for multispecies fisheries. Our findings show that following the introduction of the IFQ program, fishing capacity decreased, primarily due to the exit of a large number of fishing vessels. CU increased marginally indicating modest decreases in EC. Conversely, we find that OC remains high. Our estimates suggest that about one-fifth of the actual fleet could harvest the entire quota. C1 [Solis, Daniel] Florida A&M Univ, CAFS, Agribusiness Program, Div Agr Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [del Corral, Julio] Univ Castilla La Mancha, Dept Econ & Finance, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain. [Perruso, Lawrence; Agar, Juan J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Social Sci Res Grp, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL USA. RP Solis, D (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, CAFS, Agribusiness Program, Div Agr Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. EM daniel.solis@famu.edu RI Solis, Daniel/B-1031-2009; del Corral, Julio/C-4009-2011 OI Solis, Daniel/0000-0002-7322-7201; del Corral, Julio/0000-0002-6068-0525 FU NOAA's Office of Science and Technology FX We would like to thank Alex Chester, Christopher Liese, Assane Diagne and the three anonymous referees for their useful comments and suggestions. We also gratefully acknowledge Brian Linton for providing red snapper biomass data. The support of NOAA's Office of Science and Technology is gratefully acknowledged. The views and opinions expressed or implied in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1364-985X EI 1467-8489 J9 AUST J AGR RESOUR EC JI Aust. J. Agr. Resour. Econ. PD APR PY 2015 VL 59 IS 2 BP 288 EP 307 DI 10.1111/1467-8489.12061 PG 20 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA CF5FI UT WOS:000352581800009 ER PT J AU Stevens, JS Newton, LK Jaye, C Muryn, CA Fischer, DA Schroeder, SLM AF Stevens, Joanna S. Newton, Lauren K. Jaye, Cherno Muryn, Christopher A. Fischer, Daniel A. Schroeder, Sven L. M. TI Proton Transfer, Hydrogen Bonding, and Disorder: Nitrogen Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Bipyridine-Acid Salts and Co-crystals SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID LEVEL BINDING-ENERGIES; SOLID-STATE; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR-COMPLEXES; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; COCRYSTAL; XPS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; LUMINESCENCE AB The sensitivity of near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy to Bronsted donation and the protonation state of nitrogen in the solid state is investigated through a series of multicomponent bipyridine-acid systems alongside X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data. A large shift to high energy occurs for the 1s -> 1 pi* resonance in the nitrogen K-edge NEXAFS with proton transfer from the acid to the bipyridine base molecule and allows assignment as a salt (C-NH+), with the peak ratio providing the stoichiometry of the types of nitrogen species present. A corresponding binding energy shift for C-NH+ is observed in the nitrogen XPS, clearly identifying protonation and formation of a salt. The similar magnitude shifts observed with both techniques relative to the unprotonated nitrogen of co-crystals (C-N) suggest that the chemical state (initial-state) effects dominate. Results from both techniques reveal the sensitivity to identify proton transfer, hydrogen bond disorder, and even the potential to distinguish variations in hydrogen bond length to nitrogen. C1 [Stevens, Joanna S.; Newton, Lauren K.; Schroeder, Sven L. M.] Univ Manchester, Sch Chem Engn & Analyt Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Schroeder, Sven L. M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Chem & Proc Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Muryn, Christopher A.; Schroeder, Sven L. M.] Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Natl Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stevens, JS (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Chem Engn & Analyt Sci, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM joanna.stevens@manchester.ac.uk; s.l.m.schroeder@leeds.ac.uk RI Schroeder, Sven/A-5129-2010; OI Schroeder, Sven/0000-0002-4232-5378; Stevens, Joanna/0000-0002-1013-8447 FU EPSRC [EP/1013563/1]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; NowNano Doctoral Training Centre [EP/G03737X/1] FX We acknowledge funding from the EPSRC under the previous PhD+ fellowship for J.S.S. and current support for J.S.S. and S.L.M.S. through the Critical Mass Grant EP/1013563/1. NEXAFS beamtime was provided at the U7a beamline of the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), NY. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. L.K.N. acknowledges financial support from EPSRC through a DTA Ph.D. studentship and the NowNano Doctoral Training Centre (Grant Number EP/G03737X/1). NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 EI 1528-7505 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD APR PY 2015 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1776 EP 1783 DI 10.1021/cg5018278 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA CF0PG UT WOS:000352246100030 ER PT J AU Mislan, KAS Wethey, DS AF Mislan, K. A. S. Wethey, David S. TI A biophysical basis for patchy mortality during heat waves SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate; extreme events; heat transfer; intertidal zone; mussel; Mytilus californianus; thermal conductivity; thermal stress ID ROCKY INTERTIDAL ZONE; MYTILUS-EDULIS-L; CLIMATE-CHANGE; THERMAL-STRESS; PATTERNS; TEMPERATURE; EVENTS; SEMIBALANUS; REANALYSIS; CHTHAMALUS AB Extreme heat events cause patchy mortality in many habitats. We examine biophysical mechanisms responsible for patchy mortality in beds of the competitively dominant ecosystem engineer, the marine mussel Mytilus californianus, on the west coast of the United States. We used a biophysical model to predict daily fluctuations in body temperature at sites from southern California to Washington and used results of laboratory experiments on thermal tolerance to determine mortality rates from body temperature. In our model, we varied the rate of thermal conduction within mussel beds and found that this factor can account for large differences in body temperature and consequent mortality during heat waves. Mussel beds provide structural habitat for other species and increase local biodiversity, but, as sessile organisms, they are particularly vulnerable to extreme weather conditions. Identifying critical biophysical mechanisms related to mortality and ecological performance will improve our ability to predict the effects of climate change on these vulnerable ecosystems. C1 [Mislan, K. A. S.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Wethey, David S.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Mislan, KAS (reprint author), Univ Washington, ESci Inst, Sch Oceanog, 1503 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM kas.mislan@gmail.com FU NOAA Cooperative Institute for Climate Science [NA08OAR4320752]; Carbon Mitigation Initiative; BP; NSF [OCE1039513, OCE1129401]; NOAA [NA04NOS4780264]; NASA [NNX07AF20G, NNX11AP77G] FX K. A. Smith was supported by the NOAA Cooperative Institute for Climate Science (NA08OAR4320752) and the Carbon Mitigation Initiative, which is sponsored by BP. This study was also supported by grants from the NSF (OCE1039513 and OCE1129401), NOAA (NA04NOS4780264), and NASA (NNX07AF20G and NNX11AP77G) to D. S. Wethey. We thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. This is contribution 71 in Ecological Forecasting from the University of South Carolina. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 39 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2015 VL 96 IS 4 BP 902 EP 907 DI 10.5281/zenodo.13380 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CG1MY UT WOS:000353038200002 PM 26230011 ER PT J AU Nunziata, F Migliaccio, M Li, XF AF Nunziata, Ferdinando Migliaccio, Maurizio Li, Xiaofeng TI Sea Oil Slick Observation Using Hybrid-Polarity SAR Architecture SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Hybrid polarity (HP); oil spill; polarimetric scattering; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SYMMETRY PROPERTIES; SPILL; POLARIZATION; MUELLER; POLARIMETRY; MEDIA AB In this study, hybrid-polarity (HP) architecture is exploited to observe sea oil slicks. HP features are interpreted in terms of sea surface scattering with or without oil slicks, under low-to-moderate wind conditions. They are shown to exhibit a different sensitivity with respect to slick-free, weak-damping slick-covered, and oil-covered sea surfaces. This sensitivity is verified against HP measurements obtained transforming actual L-and C-band quad-polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data where both oil slicks and weak-damping look-alikes are present. Experiments demonstrate: 1) the remarkable performance of HP features to both observe oil slicks and distinguishing them from weak-damping look-alikes; 2) the marginal effect played by the sensor's noise floor on HP features performance; 3) the pronounced sensitivity of the HP features to the damping properties of the surfactants; and 4) the comparable performance that characterizes polarimetric entropy derived by HP and conventional polarimetric measurements. C1 [Nunziata, Ferdinando; Migliaccio, Maurizio] Univ Napoli Parthenope, Dipartimento Ingn, I-80143 Naples, Italy. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, GST, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Nunziata, F (reprint author), Univ Napoli Parthenope, Dipartimento Ingn, I-80143 Naples, Italy. EM ferdi-nando.nunziata@uniparthenope.it; maurizio.migliaccio@uniparthenope.it; xiaofeng.li@noaa.gov RI Nunziata, Ferdinando/D-4054-2012; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Nunziata, Ferdinando/0000-0003-4567-0377; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU ESA-MOST Dragon-3 cooperation project [10689]; Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission [13dz12044000]; NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) Program FX This work was supported in part by the ESA-MOST Dragon-3 cooperation project 10689; by the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission under Grant 13dz12044000; and by the NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) Program funding. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 EI 1558-1691 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD APR PY 2015 VL 40 IS 2 BP 426 EP 440 DI 10.1109/JOE.2014.2329424 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA CF9NH UT WOS:000352891100017 ER PT J AU Osso, A Sola, Y Rosenlof, K Hassler, B Bech, J Lorente, J AF Osso, Albert Sola, Yolanda Rosenlof, Karen Hassler, Birgit Bech, Joan Lorente, Jeronimo TI How Robust Are Trends in the Brewer-Dobson Circulation Derived from Observed Stratospheric Temperatures? SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE MODEL SIMULATIONS; GREENHOUSE GASES; CHANGING CLIMATE; HIGH-LATITUDES; SOUNDING UNIT; TIME-SERIES; DATA SET; OZONE; TROPOSPHERE; VARIABILITY AB Most global circulation models and climate-chemistry models forced with increasing greenhouse gases predict a strengthening of the Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC) in the twenty-first century, and some of them claim that such strengthening has already begun at the end of the twentieth century. However, observational evidence for such a trend remains inconclusive. The goal of this paper is to examine the evidence for observed trends in the stratospheric overturning circulation using a suite of currently available observational stratospheric temperature data. Trends are examined as "departures" from the global mean temperature, since such trends reflect the effects of dynamics and spatially inhomogeneous radiative forcing and are to first order independent of the direct radiative effects of increasing well-mixed greenhouse gas concentrations. The primary conclusion of the study is that temperature observations do not reveal statistically significant trends in the Brewer-Dobson circulation over the period from 1979 to the present, as covered by Microwave Sounding Unit and Stratospheric Sounding Unit temperatures. The estimated trends in the BDC are weak in all datasets and not statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. In many cases, different data products yield very different results, particularly when the trends are stratified by season. Implications for the interpretation of recent stratospheric climate change are discussed. The results illustrate the essential need to better constrain the accuracy of future stratospheric temperature datasets. C1 [Osso, Albert; Sola, Yolanda; Bech, Joan; Lorente, Jeronimo] Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron & Meteorol, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Rosenlof, Karen; Hassler, Birgit] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Hassler, Birgit] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Osso, A (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Astron & Meteorol, Marti & Franques 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. EM aosso@am.ub.es RI Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Hassler, Birgit/E-8987-2010; Sola, Yolanda/H-4541-2015; LORENTE, JERONIMO/H-6258-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Hassler, Birgit/0000-0003-2724-709X; Sola, Yolanda/0000-0002-8693-9152; LORENTE, JERONIMO/0000-0002-7463-1601; Bech, Joan/0000-0003-3597-7439 FU Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [CGL2012-38945] FX This work was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the project CGL2012-38945. We are grateful to David Thompson (Colorado State University) for several contributions and comments throughout the text. We are also grateful to Paul Young (NOAA ESRL/CIRES CU-Boulder) for comments and suggestions on the text and to Rolando Garcia (UCAR/NCAR) for supplying the WACCM TEM diagnosis. We are also grateful to three anonymous reviewers for useful comments and suggestions that helped to improve the present work. Finally, authors would like to thank all the agencies responsible for the production and distribution of the data used in this analysis (outlined in the text). NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2015 VL 28 IS 8 BP 3024 EP 3040 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00295.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CF3ZI UT WOS:000352487300006 ER PT J AU Guo, FY Liu, QY Sun, S Yang, JL AF Guo, Feiyan Liu, Qinyu Sun, S. Yang, Jianling TI Three Types of Indian Ocean Dipoles SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CMIP5 MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLE; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ZONAL MODE; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; COUPLED MODEL; COLD-TONGUE; SHORT RAINS AB Using observational data and phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) model outputs [the preindustrial (PI) control run of the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4) and historical simulations of 17 CMIP5 models], Indian Ocean dipoles (IODs) with a peak in fall are categorized into three types. The first type is closely related to the development phase of El Nino/La Nina. The second type evolves from the basinwide warming (cooling) in the tropical Indian Ocean (IO), usually occurring in the year following El Nino (La Nina). The third type is independent of El Nino and La Nina. The dominant trigger condition for the first (third) type of IOD is the anomalous Walker circulation (anomalous cross-equatorial flow); the anomalous zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradient in the tropical IO is the trigger condition for the second type. The occurrence of anomalous ocean Rossby waves during the forming stage of IO basinwide mode and their effect on SST in the southwestern IO during winter and spring are critical for early development of the second type of IOD. Although most models simulate a stronger El Nino-Southern Oscillation and IOD compared to the observations, this does not influence the phase-locking and classification of the IOD peaking in the fall. C1 [Guo, Feiyan; Liu, Qinyu] Ocean Univ China, Qingdao Collaborat Innovat Ctr Marine Sci & Techn, Phys Oceanog Lab, Key Lab Ocean Atmosphere Interact & Climate Univ, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China. [Guo, Feiyan; Sun, S.; Yang, Jianling] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Yang, Jianling] Ningxia Inst Meteorol Sci, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster Preventing & Reducing N, Yinchuan, Peoples R China. RP Liu, QY (reprint author), Ocean Univ China, Qingdao Collaborat Innovat Ctr Marine Sci & Techn, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China. EM liuqyouc@gmail.com RI Sun, Shan/H-2318-2015 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB955603]; Natural Science Foundation of China [41176006, 41221063]; China Meteorological Public Welfare Scientific Research Project [GYHY201306027]; Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers [U1406401]; China Scholarship Council FX We thank Dr. Xiaotong Zheng and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. This work is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China 2012CB955603, Natural Science Foundation of China (41176006 and 41221063), China Meteorological Public Welfare Scientific Research Project (GYHY201306027), and Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers (U1406401). Much of the work was performed when Feiyan Guo was a visiting student at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and is supported by the China Scholarship Council. We thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table 1) for producing and making their model outputs available. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling. The U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provided coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. John Osborn helped with technical editing. NR 84 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2015 VL 28 IS 8 BP 3073 EP 3092 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00507.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CF3ZI UT WOS:000352487300009 ER PT J AU Smith, TM Arkin, PA AF Smith, Thomas M. Arkin, Phillip A. TI Improved Historical Analysis of Oceanic Total Precipitable Water SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID EMPIRICAL ORTHOGONAL FUNCTIONS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; OSCILLATION; REANALYSES; MODELS AB The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, total precipitable water (TPW), is an important part of the global water cycle, and a clearer understanding of ocean-area TPW is critical for understanding climate variations. This study uses satellite-period statistics and historical data to analyze monthly oceanic TPW beginning in the nineteenth century. Input data for analyzing the historical TPW includes outputs from an extended dynamic reanalysis and estimates of TPW based on historical sea surface temperature (SST). Methods are developed to optimally use the various inputs to produce an improved analysis. Cross-validation testing is used to guide analysis development. Some evaluation of the resulting analysis indicates several strong climate modes. A global mode indicates multidecadal increases in TPW since the nineteenth century, with strongest increases in the tropics and adjacent to land monsoon regions. Strongest multidecadal changes in the global mode are 1910-40 and since 1980. An ENSO mode for the extended period indicates a trend since the 1980s, opposite to the tendency in the global mode. There is no apparent multidecadal variation in the ENSO mode before 1980, suggesting that its multidecadal relationship with the global mode can change. Analysis of SST over the same period shows climate modes consistent with the TPW modes, and for the satellite period there are consistent variations in the satellite data, showing the strong link between SST and oceanic TPW. C1 [Smith, Thomas M.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Smith, Thomas M.; Arkin, Phillip A.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Smith, TM (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR SCSB, 5825 Univ Res Ctr,Suite 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM tom.smith@noaa.gov RI Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010 OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849 FU Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (CICS), NOAA, at the ESSIC, University of Maryland, College Park [NA09NES4400006] FX We thank R. Ferraro and W. Yang for useful discussions about TPW and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions. We also thank several centers for making their data easily available for this study, including the TPW data from Remote Sensing Systems, Twentieth Century Reanalysis TPW estimates from the NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, OISST data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, and historical SST from the Met Office Hadley Centre (www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs). This project is supported in part by the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (CICS), NOAA Grant NA09NES4400006, at the ESSIC, University of Maryland, College Park. The contents of this paper are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2015 VL 28 IS 8 BP 3099 EP 3121 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00601.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CF3ZI UT WOS:000352487300011 ER PT J AU Mahoney, K Ralph, FM Wolter, K Doesken, N Dettinger, M Gottas, D Coleman, T White, A AF Mahoney, Kelly Ralph, F. Martin Wolter, Klaus Doesken, Nolan Dettinger, Michael Gottas, Daniel Coleman, Timothy White, Allen TI Climatology of Extreme Daily Precipitation in Colorado and Its Diverse Spatial and Seasonal Variability SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Complex terrain; Climatology; Hydrometeorology; Mountain meteorology; Planning; Regional effects ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; INLAND PENETRATION; ATMOSPHERIC RIVER; FLASH-FLOOD; RAIN EVENTS; LANDFALL; SCALE AB The climatology of Colorado's historical extreme precipitation events shows a remarkable degree of seasonal and regional variability. Analysis of the largest historical daily precipitation totals at COOP stations across Colorado by season indicates that the largest recorded daily precipitation totals have ranged from less than 60 mm day(-1) in some areas to more than 250 mm day(-1) in others. East of the Continental Divide, winter events are rarely among the top 10 events at a given site, but spring events dominate in and near the foothills; summer events are most common across the lower-elevation eastern plains, while fall events are most typical for the lower elevations west of the Divide. The seasonal signal in Colorado's central mountains is complex; high-elevation intense precipitation events have occurred in all months of the year, including summer, when precipitation is more likely to be liquid (as opposed to snow), which poses more of an instantaneous flood risk. Notably, the historic Colorado Front Range daily rainfall totals that contributed to the damaging floods in September 2013 occurred outside of that region's typical season for most extreme precipitation (spring-summer). That event and many others highlight the fact that extreme precipitation in Colorado has occurred historically during all seasons and at all elevations, emphasizing a year-round statewide risk. C1 [Mahoney, Kelly; Wolter, Klaus; Coleman, Timothy] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ralph, F. Martin] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Western Weather & Water Extremes, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Doesken, Nolan] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Dettinger, Michael] Univ Calif San Diego, US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Dettinger, Michael] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Gottas, Daniel; White, Allen] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Mahoney, K (reprint author), CIRES, 325 Broadway,R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kelly.mahoney@noaa.gov FU Bureau of Reclamation FX We thank the Bureau of Reclamation for their scientific interest and support for this project. Jon Eischeid created Fig. 6 in this paper, and Zach Schwalbe (Colorado State University/CoCoRaHS) assisted with checking specific event data. We also very much appreciate the comments and suggestions of Dr. John England (Bureau of Reclamation), as well as two anonymous reviewers, which have significantly improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 16 IS 2 BP 781 EP 792 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-14-0112.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CF7KM UT WOS:000352735100020 ER PT J AU Yang, RQ Ek, M Meng, J AF Yang, Rongqian Ek, Michael Meng, Jesse TI Surface Water and Energy Budgets for the Mississippi River Basin in Three NCEP Reanalyses SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Water budget; Land surface model; Reanalysis data; Seasonal cycle ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; AMERICAN REGIONAL REANALYSIS; BOUNDARY-LAYER DEVELOPMENT; ERA-INTERIM REANALYSIS; MESOSCALE ETA-MODEL; LAND-SURFACE; SOIL-MOISTURE; ECMWF REANALYSIS; HAPEX-MOBILHY; CLIMATE AB Surface water and energy budgets from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-U.S. Department of Energy (NCEP-DOE) Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP-II) Global Reanalysis 2 (GR2), the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR), and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) are compared here with each other and with available observations over the Mississippi River basin. The comparisons in seasonal cycle, interannual variation, and annual mean over a 31-yr period show that there are a number of noticeable differences and similarities in the large-scale basin averages. Warm season precipitation and runoff in the GR2 are too large compared to the observations, and seasonal surface water variation is small. By contrast, the precipitation in both NARR and CFSR is more reasonable and in better agreement with the observation, although the corresponding seasonal runoff is very small. The main causes of the differences in both surface parameterization and approach used in assimilating the observed precipitation datasets and snow analyses are then discussed. Despite the discrepancies in seasonal water budget components, seasonal energy budget terms in the three reanalyses are close to each other and to available observations. The interannual variations in both water and energy budgets are comparable. This study shows that the CFSR achieves a large improvement over the GR2, indicating that the CFSR dataset can be used in climate variability studies. Nonetheless, improved land surface parameterization schemes and data assimilation techniques are needed to depict the surface water and energy climates better, in particular, the variation in seasonal runoff. C1 [Yang, Rongqian; Ek, Michael; Meng, Jesse] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, NWS, NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Yang, Rongqian; Meng, Jesse] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD USA. RP Yang, RQ (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM rongqian.yang@noaa.gov FU NCEP Core Project component of the NOAA Climate Program Office/Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA); Modeling, Analysis, Predictions and Projections Program (MAPP) [GC11-589] FX This study was supported by the NCEP Core Project component of the NOAA Climate Program Office/Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA) and by the Modeling, Analysis, Predictions and Projections Program (MAPP) under Grant GC11-589. Thoughtful reviews and constructive suggestions by the editor and reviewers are very much appreciated. NR 75 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 16 IS 2 BP 857 EP 873 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-14-0056.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CF7KM UT WOS:000352735100025 ER PT J AU Yin, JF Zhan, XW Zheng, YF Liu, JC Fang, L Hain, CR AF Yin, Jifu Zhan, Xiwu Zheng, Youfei Liu, Jicheng Fang, Li Hain, Christopher R. TI Enhancing Model Skill by Assimilating SMOPS Blended Soil Moisture Product into Noah Land Surface Model SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Soil moisture; Soil temperature; Data assimilation; Land surface model ID HYDROLOGIC DATA ASSIMILATION; SYSTEM; RETRIEVALS; PRECIPITATION; PREDICTION; NETWORK; IMPACT AB Many studies that have assimilated remotely sensed soil moisture into land surface models have generally focused on retrievals from a single satellite sensor. However, few studies have evaluated the merits of assimilating ensemble products that are merged soil moisture retrievals from several different sensors. In this study, the assimilation of the Soil Moisture Operational Products System (SMOPS) blended soil moisture (SBSM) product, which is a combination of soil moisture products from WindSat, Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT), and Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite sensors is examined. Using the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), a synthetic experiment is performed on the global domain at 25-km resolution to assess the impact of assimilating the SBSM product. The benefit of assimilating SBSM is assessed by comparing it with in situ observations from U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) and the Surface Radiation Budget Network (SURFRAD). Time-averaged surface-layer soil moisture fields from SBSM have a higher spatial coverage and generally agree with model simulations in the global patterns of wet and dry regions. The impacts of assimilating SMOPS blended data on model soil moisture and soil temperature are evident in both sparsely and densely vegetated areas. Temporal correlations between in situ observations and net shortwave radiation and net longwave radiation are higher with assimilating SMOPS blended product than without the data assimilation. C1 [Yin, Jifu] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, China Meteorol Adm, Key Lab Aerosol Cloud Precipitat, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Yin, Jifu; Fang, Li; Hain, Christopher R.] Univ Maryland, NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yin, Jifu; Fang, Li; Hain, Christopher R.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhan, Xiwu; Liu, Jicheng] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Zheng, Youfei] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Jiangsu Key Lab Atmospher Environm Monitoring & P, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Liu, Jicheng] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & GeoInformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Fang, Li; Hain, Christopher R.] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zheng, YF (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Jiangsu Key Lab Atmospher Environm Monitoring & P, 219 Ningliu Rd, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM zhengyf@nuist.edu.cn RI Zhan, Xiwu/F-5487-2010; Liu, Jicheng/B-4575-2009 FU NOAA JPSS Proving Ground and Risk Reduction (PGRR) Program; Graduate Education Innovation Project in Jiangsu Province [CXZZ12_0499] FX This work was supported by a grant from NOAA JPSS Proving Ground and Risk Reduction (PGRR) Program and Graduate Education Innovation Project in Jiangsu Province (CXZZ12_0499). We thank Gabrielle De Lannoy for her efforts on quality-controlled SCAN data and Wei Guo for providing the weekly GVF data. We are also grateful to the anonymous reviewers for helping to significantly improve the quality of the manuscript. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 16 IS 2 BP 917 EP 931 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-14-0070.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CF7KM UT WOS:000352735100029 ER PT J AU Foltz, GR Schmid, C Lumpkin, R AF Foltz, Gregory R. Schmid, Claudia Lumpkin, Rick TI Transport of Surface Freshwater from the Equatorial to the Subtropical North Atlantic Ocean SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL ATLANTIC; SEASONAL CYCLE; BARRIER-LAYER; GLOBAL OCEAN; EL-NINO; SALINITY; SEA; VARIABILITY; BALANCE; AMAZON AB The transport of low-salinity water northward in the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic Ocean influences upper-ocean stratification, vertical mixing, and sea surface temperature (SST). In this study, satellite and in situ observations are used to trace low-salinity water northward from its source in the equatorial Atlantic and to examine its modification through air-sea fluxes and vertical mixing. In contrast to gridded climatologies, which depict a gradual northward dispersal of surface freshwater from the equatorial Atlantic, satellite observations and direct measurements from four moorings in the central tropical North Atlantic show a distinct band of surface freshwater moving northward from the equatorial Atlantic during boreal fall through spring, with drops in sea surface salinity (SSS) of 0.5-2.5 psu in the span of one to two weeks as the low SSS front passes. The ultimate low-latitude source of the low SSS water is found to be primarily Amazon River discharge west of 40 degrees W and rainfall to the east. As the low-salinity water moves northward between 88 and 20 degrees N during October-April, 70% of its freshwater in the upper 20 m is lost to the combination of evaporation, horizontal eddy diffusion, and vertical turbulent mixing, with an implied rate of SSS damping that is half of that for SST. During 1998-2012, interannual variations in SSS along 38 degrees W are found to be negatively correlated with the strength of northward surface currents. The importance of ocean circulation for interannual variations of SSS and the small damping time scale for SSS emphasize the need to consider meridional freshwater advection when interpreting SSS variability in the tropical-subtropical North Atlantic. C1 [Foltz, Gregory R.; Schmid, Claudia; Lumpkin, Rick] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Foltz, GR (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM gregory.foltz@noaa.gov RI Schmid, Claudia/D-5875-2013; Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009; Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011 OI Schmid, Claudia/0000-0003-2132-4736; Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704; Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X FU NOAA/AOML FX The authors thank Marlos Goes for his helpful comments and suggestions. This work was supported in part by base funds to NOAA/AOML. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD APR PY 2015 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1086 EP 1102 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-14-0189.1 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CF4SV UT WOS:000352542800009 ER PT J AU Tarasevich, BJ Philo, JS Maluf, NK Krueger, S Buchko, GW Lin, GY Shaw, WJ AF Tarasevich, Barbara J. Philo, John S. Maluf, Nasib Karl Krueger, Susan Buchko, Garry W. Lin, Genyao Shaw, Wendy J. TI The leucine-rich amelogenin protein (LRAP) is primarily monomeric and unstructured in physiological solution SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amelogenin; LRAP; Enamel; Nanosphere; Biomineralization ID DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; PEPTIDE INDUCES OSTEOGENESIS; MINERALIZATION IN-VITRO; ENAMEL MATRIX PROTEINS; BONE SIALOPROTEIN; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; DIFFERENTIATION; HYDROXYAPATITE; PHENOTYPE; IDENTIFICATION AB Amelogenin proteins are critical to the formation of enamel in teeth and may have roles in controlling growth and regulating microstructures of the intricately woven hydroxyapatite (HAP). Leucine-rich amelogenin protein (LRAP) is a 59-residue splice variant of amelogenin and contains the N- and C-terminal charged regions of the full-length protein thought to control crystal growth. Although the quaternary structure of full-length amelogenin in solution has been well studied and can consist of self-assemblies of monomers called nanospheres, there is limited information on the quaternary structure of LRAP. Here, sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation (SV) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) were used to study the tertiary and quaternary structure of LRAP at various pH values, ionic strengths, and concentrations. We found that the monomer is the dominant species of phosphorylated LRAP (LRAP(+P)) over a range of solution conditions (pH 2.7-4.1, pH 4.5-8, 50 mmol/L(mM) to 200 mM NaCl, 0.065-2 mg/mL). The monomer is also the dominant species for unphosphorylated LRAP (LRAP( P)) at pH 7.4 and for LRAP(+P) in the presence of 2.5 mM calcium at pH 7.4. LRAP aggregates in a narrow pH range near the isoelectric point of pH 4.1. SV and SANS show that the LRAP monomer has a radius of similar to 2.0 nm and an asymmetric structure, and solution NMR studies indicate that the monomer is largely unstructured. This work provides new insights into the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure of LRAP in solution and provides evidence that the monomeric species may be an important functional form of some amelogenins. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Tarasevich, Barbara J.; Buchko, Garry W.; Shaw, Wendy J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Philo, John S.; Maluf, Nasib Karl] Alliance Prot Labs Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Krueger, Susan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lin, Genyao] WSP Chem & Technol LLC, Leetsdale, PA 15056 USA. RP Tarasevich, BJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RI Buchko, Garry/G-6173-2015 OI Buchko, Garry/0000-0002-3639-1061 FU NIH-NIDCR [DE-015347]; DOE-OBER at PNNL; EPSRC [EP/K039121/1]; NSF [CHE-1265821] FX This work was supported by NIH-NIDCR Grant DE-015347 (PNNL) and was performed in part at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, operated by Battelle for the US-DOE. A portion of the research was performed in the EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the DOE-OBER at PNNL. The SANS studies benefitted from CCP-SAS software developed by Joseph Curtis through a joint EPSRC (EP/K039121/1) and NSF (CHE-1265821) grant. NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 EI 1095-8657 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 190 IS 1 BP 81 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2014.10.007 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA CG0ZX UT WOS:000353003900009 PM 25449314 ER PT J AU McKinney, GJ Hale, MC Goetz, G Gribskov, M Thrower, FP Nichols, KM AF McKinney, Garrett J. Hale, Matthew C. Goetz, Giles Gribskov, Michael Thrower, Frank P. Nichols, Krista M. TI Ontogenetic changes in embryonic and brain gene expression in progeny produced from migratory and resident Oncorhynchus mykiss SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE migration; RNAseq; transcriptome ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; RNA-SEQ DATA; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; CANDIDATE GENES; STEELHEAD TROUT; GROWTH-HORMONE; THYROID-HORMONES AB Little information has been gathered regarding the ontogenetic changes that contribute to differentiation between resident and migrant individuals, particularly before the onset of gross morphological and physiological changes in migratory individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate gene expression during early development in Oncorhynchus mykiss populations with different life histories, in a tissue known to integrate environmental cues to regulate complex developmental processes and behaviours. We sampled offspring produced from migrant and resident parents, collecting whole embryos prior to the beginning of first feeding, and brain tissue at three additional time points over the first year of development. RNA sequencing for 32 individuals generated a reference transcriptome of 30177 genes that passed count thresholds. Differential gene expression between migrant and resident offspring was observed for 1982 genes. The greatest number of differentially expressed genes occurred at 8months of age, in the spring a full year before the obvious physiological transformation from stream-dwelling parr to sea water-adaptable smolts begins for migrant individuals. Sex and age exhibited considerable effects on differential gene expression between migrants and resident offspring. Differential gene expression was observed in genes previously associated with migration, but also in genes previously unassociated with early life history divergence. Pathway analysis revealed coordinated differential expression in genes related to phototransduction, which could modulate photoperiod responsiveness and variation in circadian rhythms. The role for early differentiation in light sensitivity and biological rhythms is particularly intriguing in understanding early brain processes involved in differentiation of migratory and resident life history types. C1 [McKinney, Garrett J.; Hale, Matthew C.; Gribskov, Michael; Nichols, Krista M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [McKinney, Garrett J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Goetz, Giles; Nichols, Krista M.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Thrower, Frank P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Nichols, KM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM gjmckinn@u.washington.edu; krista.nichols@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation Career Award [NSF-DEB-0845265] FX We thank the permanent and seasonal staff at the National Marine Fisheries Service Little Port Walter Marine Station for their assistance in this study, without whom this work would not have been possible. Philip San Miguel, Paul Parker, Allison Sorg, Jyothi Thimmapuram and Rick Westerman in the Purdue Genomics and Bioinformatics Centers were instrumental in preparing libraries and in early assistance with bioinformatics. We thank Penny Swanson, Larissa Rohrbach, Jeff Hard, Linda Park, Morten Limborg and Wes Larson for providing comments on early drafts of this manuscript. Review of this manuscript was initially conducted by Axios Review. We thank the anonymous reviewers, Axios handling editor Nadia Aubin-Horth, and Molecular Ecology editor Sean Rogers for their insightful comments, which have improved the manuscript. This work was supported by a National Science Foundation Career Award to KMN (NSF-DEB-0845265). NR 131 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 11 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1792 EP 1809 DI 10.1111/mec.13143 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CF6AX UT WOS:000352639900012 PM 25735875 ER PT J AU Qian, KK Grobelny, PJ Tyagi, M Cicerone, MT AF Qian, Ken K. Grobelny, Pawel J. Tyagi, Madhusudan Cicerone, Marcus T. TI Using the Fluorescence Red Edge Effect to Assess the Long-Term Stability of Lyophilized Protein Formulations SO MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS LA English DT Article DE protein stability; local dynamics; mean-squared displacement; Debye-Waller factor; fluorescence red edge effect; neutron scattering; sucrose; trehalose; glycerol; sugar glass ID AMORPHOUS PHARMACEUTICALS; SOLID-STATE; MOLECULAR MOBILITY; CHEMICAL-STABILITY; STORAGE STABILITY; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; LOCAL MOBILITY; FAST DYNAMICS; GLYCEROL; TREHALOSE AB Nanosecond relaxation processes in sugar matrices are causally linked through diffusional processes to protein stability in lyophilized formulations. Long-term protein degradation rates track mean-squared displacement (< u(2)>) of hydrogen atoms in sugar glasses, a parameter describing dynamics on a time scale of picoseconds to nanoseconds. However, measurements of < u(2)> are usually performed by neutron scattering, which is not conducive to rapid formulation screening in early development. Here, we present a benchtop technique to derive a < u(2)> surrogate based on the fluorescence red edge effect. Glycerol, lyophilized trehalose, and lyophilized sucrose were used as model systems. Samples containing 10(-6) mole fraction of rhodamine 6G, a fluorophore, were excited at either 532 nm (main peak) or 566 nm (red edge), and the < u(2)> surrogate was determined based the corresponding Stokes shifts. Results showed reasonable agreement between < u(2)> from neutron scattering and the surrogate from fluorescence, although deviations were observed at very low temperatures. We discuss the sources of the deviations and suggest technique improvements to ameliorate these. We expect that this method will be a valuable tool to evaluate lyophilized sugar matrices with respect to their ability to protect proteins from diffusion-limited degradation processes during long-term storage. Additionally, the method may have broader applications in amorphous pharmaceutical solids. C1 [Qian, Ken K.; Tyagi, Madhusudan; Cicerone, Marcus T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Grobelny, Pawel J.] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Cicerone, MT (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marcus.cicerone@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; NIST Biomanufacturing Initiative FX The authors thank Dean Ripple at NIST and Michael J. Pikal at the University of Connecticut for helpful comments and discussions. The authors also acknowledge funding provided by the NIST Biomanufacturing Initiative. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1543-8384 J9 MOL PHARMACEUT JI Mol. Pharm. PD APR PY 2015 VL 12 IS 4 BP 1141 EP 1149 DI 10.1021/mp500641f PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA CF4KQ UT WOS:000352518400013 PM 25786057 ER PT J AU Momeni, K Levitas, VI Warren, JA AF Momeni, Kasra Levitas, Valery I. Warren, James A. TI The Strong Influence of Internal Stresses on the Nucleation of a Nanosized, Deeply Undercooled Melt at a Solid-Solid Phase Interface SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Intermediate melt; phase field approach; solid-melt-solid interface; nucleation; internal stresses ID GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; FIELD MODEL; TRANSFORMATIONS; THERMODYNAMICS; TRANSITION; FILMS AB The effect of elastic energy on nucleation and disappearance of a nanometer size intermediate melt (IM) region at a solidsolid (S1S2) phase interface at temperatures 120 K below the melting temperature is studied using a phase-field approach. Results are obtained for broad range of the ratios of S1S2 to solidmelt interface energies, k(E), and widths, k(delta). It is found that internal stresses only slightly promote barrierless IM nucleation but qualitatively alter the system behavior, allowing for the appearance of the IM when k(E) < 2 (thermodynamically impossible without mechanics) and elimination of what we termed the IM-free gap. Remarkably, when mechanics is included within this framework, there is a drastic (16 times for HMX energetic crystals) reduction in the activation energy of IM critical nucleus. After this inclusion, a kinetic nucleation criterion is met, and thermally activated melting occurs under conditions consistent with experiments for HMX, elucidating what had been to date mysterious behavior. Similar effects are expected to occur for other material systems where S1S2 phase transformations via IM take place, including electronic, geological, pharmaceutical, ferroelectric, colloidal, and superhard materials. C1 [Momeni, Kasra; Levitas, Valery I.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Levitas, Valery I.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Levitas, Valery I.] Iowa State Univ, Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Levitas, Valery I.; Warren, James A.] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Levitas, VI (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM vlevitas@iastate.edu FU ONR; NSF; ARO; DARPA; NIST FX This work was supported by ONR, NSF, ARO, DARPA, and NIST. Certain commercial software and materials are identified in this report in order to specify the procedures adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or software identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2015 VL 15 IS 4 BP 2298 EP 2303 DI 10.1021/nl504380c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CF7QA UT WOS:000352750200013 PM 25789667 ER PT J AU Roop, HA Dunbar, GB Levy, R Vandergoes, MJ Forrest, AL Walker, SL Purdie, J Upton, P Whinney, J AF Roop, Heidi A. Dunbar, Gavin B. Levy, Richard Vandergoes, Marcus J. Forrest, Alexander L. Walker, Sharon L. Purdie, Jennifer Upton, Phaedra Whinney, James TI Seasonal controls on sediment transport and deposition in Lake Ohau, South Island, New Zealand: Implications for a high-resolution Holocene palaeoclimate reconstruction SO SEDIMENTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Grain size; modern process; palaeoclimate; sediment deposition; varves ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; LILLOOET LAKE; VARVED SEDIMENTS; RECORD; CANADA; PRECIPITATION; CLIMATE; ALPS; SIZE AB Laminated sediments in Lake Ohau, Mackenzie Basin, New Zealand, offer a potential high-resolution climate record for the past 17 kyr. Such records are particularly important due to the relative paucity of detailed palaeoclimate data from the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes. This paper presents outcomes of a study of the sedimentation processes of this temperate lake setting. Hydrometeorological, limnological and sedimentological data were collected over a 14 month period between 2011 and 2013. These data indicate that seasonality in the hydrometeorological system in combination with internal lake dynamics drives a distinct seasonal pattern of sediment dispersal and deposition on a basin-wide scale. Sedimentary layers that accumulate proximal to the lake inflow at the northern end of the lake form in response to discrete inflow events throughout the year and display an event stratigraphy. In contrast, seasonal change in the lake system controls accumulation of light (winter) and dark (summer) laminations at the distal end of the lake, resulting in the preservation of varves. This study documents the key processes influencing sediment deposition throughout Lake Ohau and provides fundamental data for generating a high-resolution palaeoclimate record from this temperate lake. C1 [Roop, Heidi A.; Levy, Richard; Vandergoes, Marcus J.; Upton, Phaedra] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. [Roop, Heidi A.; Dunbar, Gavin B.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Antarctic Res Ctr, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. [Forrest, Alexander L.] Univ Tasmania, Australia Maritime Coll, Launceston, Tas 7250, Australia. [Forrest, Alexander L.] Univ Calif Davis, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, Incline Village, NV 89451 USA. [Walker, Sharon L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Purdie, Jennifer] Meridian Energy Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Whinney, James] James Cook Univ, Dept Phys, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Roop, HA (reprint author), GNS Sci, POB 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. EM h.roop@gns.cri.nz RI TropWATER, Research ID/P-1401-2014; OI Levy, Richard/0000-0002-8783-0167; Upton, Phaedra/0000-0003-4052-301X FU GNS Science Global Change through Time program; Sarah Beanland Memorial Scholarship; ANZICE program [VICX0704]; PMEL [4122]; Eggers fund; National Science Foundation East Asia; Pacific Summer Institute FX The GNS Science Global Change through Time program, the Sarah Beanland Memorial Scholarship, and the ANZICE program (VICX0704), PMEL Contribution Number 4122, and the Eggers fund supported this work financially. We would like to thank Gary Wilson and the Marine Sciences Department, University of Otago for logistical support. Thank you to Sean Fitzsimons at the University of Otago and Jamie Howarth at GNS Science for their help with core collection and initial core characterization. Thank you to Geoff Schladow and Paul Stumpner at the University of California Davis and the United States Geological Survey and Remo Cossu at the University of Tasmania for their contribution to this work. The National Science Foundation East Asia and Pacific Summer Institute supported Paul Stumpner. We would also like to thank Peter Ridd at James Cook University for providing nephelometers and plentiful advice, the staff at Meridian Energy Ltd. for logistical support, Chris and Rae Spiers for their hospitality and large workspace at the Killin Barn, and the Inkersell family at Lake Ohau Station for land access and ongoing support. Thoughtful reviews by R. Gilbert and M. De Batist significantly improved this paper. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0037-0746 EI 1365-3091 J9 SEDIMENTOLOGY JI Sedimentology PD APR PY 2015 VL 62 IS 3 BP 826 EP 844 DI 10.1111/sed.12162 PG 19 WC Geology SC Geology GA CF4TT UT WOS:000352545500009 ER PT J AU Lee, CO Arge, CN Odstrcil, D Millward, G Pizzo, V Lugaz, N AF Lee, C. O. Arge, C. N. Odstrcil, D. Millward, G. Pizzo, V. Lugaz, N. TI Ensemble Modeling of Successive Halo CMEs: A Case Study SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Ensemble modeling; Coronal mass ejections, modeling; Solar wind, modeling; Solar wind, observations ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR-WIND; SUN; HELIOSPHERE; PROPAGATION; SECCHI; LASCO; EARTH AB The Wang-Sheeley-Arge (WSA)-Enlil cone modeling system is used for making routine arrival-time forecasts of Earth-directed halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs), since they typically produce the most geoeffective events. A major objective of this work is to better understand the sensitivity of the WSA-Enlil modeling results to input model parameters and how these parameters contribute to the overall model uncertainty and performance. In this study, ensemble-modeling results for a succession of three halo CME events that occurred on 2 -aEuro parts per thousand 4 August 2011 are presented. We investigate the sensitivity of the modeled CME arrival times to small variations in the input-cone properties by creating ensemble sets of numerical simulations for each CME event, based on multiple sets of cone parameters. We find that the accuracy of the modeled CME arrival times not only depends on the small variations to the initial input geometry, but also on the reliable specification of the background solar wind, which is driven by the input maps of the photospheric magnetic field. The accuracy in the arrival-time predictions also depends on whether the cone parameters for all three CMEs are specified in a single WSA-Enlil simulation. The inclusion or exclusion of one or two of the preceding CMEs affects the solar-wind conditions through which the succeeding CME propagates. Although the accuracy of the modeled arrival times is sensitive to the input maps that are used to drive the background solar wind, the spread in the modeling ensemble remains mostly unchanged when different input maps are used. C1 [Lee, C. O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Arge, C. N.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Odstrcil, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Millward, G.; Pizzo, V.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Lugaz, N.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Lugaz, N.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Lee, CO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM clee@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Lugaz, Noe/C-1284-2008; OI Lugaz, Noe/0000-0002-1890-6156; Lee, Christina/0000-0002-1604-3326 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Institute for Scientific Research at Boston College; NASA [NNX15AB87G] FX This research was performed while C. Lee held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate in Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico. C. Lee was also supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Institute for Scientific Research at Boston College.; N. Lugaz was supported by NASA grant number NNX15AB87G. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD APR PY 2015 VL 290 IS 4 BP 1207 EP 1229 DI 10.1007/s11207-015-0667-2 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CF6YU UT WOS:000352703700010 ER PT J AU Quinn, G Varner, J AF Quinn, George Varner, James TI Why did it break? 38 years of teaching fractographers how to answer the question SO AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Varner, James] Alfred Univ, New York State Coll Ceram, Kazuo Inamori Sch Engn, Ceram Engn, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. [Quinn, George] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Varner, J (reprint author), Alfred Univ, New York State Coll Ceram, Kazuo Inamori Sch Engn, Ceram Engn, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. EM varnerjr@alfred.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 600 N CLEVELAND AVE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43082 USA SN 0002-7812 EI 1945-2705 J9 AM CERAM SOC BULL JI Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. PD APR PY 2015 VL 94 IS 3 BP 32 EP 35 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA CF0SQ UT WOS:000352254900015 ER PT J AU Carlson, JK Simpfendorfer, CA AF Carlson, John K. Simpfendorfer, Colin A. TI Recovery potential of smalltooth sawfish, Pristis pectinata, in the United States determined using population viability models SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE elasmobranch; conservation; extinction risk; Leslie matrix; productivity ID NATURAL MORTALITY; WESTERN ATLANTIC; EXTINCTION RISK; GROWTH; CONSERVATION; PARAMETERS; JUVENILE; DENSITY; SHARKS; FISHES AB Determining the recovery potential of endangered species is an important component for developing strategies necessary to return populations to healthy levels. Many species of endangered marine animals have been regarded as having low productivity and therefore, an inherent inability to rapidly recover from severe depletion. An age-structured Leslie matrix model was constructed for the US population of smalltooth sawfish, Pristis pectinata, to determine their ability to recover under scenarios using different life history inputs and the effects of bycatch mortality and catastrophes. Population growth was highest (=1.237yr(-1)) when age-at-maturity was 7yr and decreased to 1.150yr(-1) when age-at-maturity was 11yr. Despite a high level of variability throughout the model runs, in the absence of fishing mortality or climate catastrophic effects the population grew at a relatively rapid rate approaching carrying capacity in 40 or 50yr when the initial population was 600 or 2250 females, respectively. Population projections under various levels of fishing mortality resulted in extinction when mortality was highest, initial population size was small, and age-at-maturity was 11yr. Scenarios testing the potential effects of extreme cold exposure showed little difference to those scenarios testing the effects of fishing mortality. Using the optimistic estimates of population size, lower age-at-maturity and the lower level of fisheries-related mortality, smalltooth sawfish in US waters appear to have the ability to recover within the foreseeable future. Effective management and recovery of this species can only be achieved by keeping fishing-related mortality low. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Carlson, John K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Simpfendorfer, Colin A.] James Cook Univ, Ctr Sustainable Trop Fisheries & Aquaculture, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Simpfendorfer, Colin A.] James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Carlson, JK (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM john.carlson@noaa.gov RI CSTFA, ResearcherID/P-1067-2014 FU National Marine Fisheries Service-Southeast Regional Office FX Funding for this project was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service-Southeast Regional Office. Thanks to Dana Bethea and Nick Dulvy for suggestions on earlier drafts of this manuscript, Enric Cortes for discussions regarding modelling of density dependence and Shelley Norton for help in securing funding. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1052-7613 EI 1099-0755 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD APR PY 2015 VL 25 IS 2 BP 187 EP 200 DI 10.1002/aqc.2434 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CF4ZF UT WOS:000352562700004 ER PT J AU Tong, DQ Lamsal, L Pan, L Ding, C Kim, H Lee, P Chai, TF Pickering, KE Stajner, I AF Tong, Daniel Q. Lamsal, Lok Pan, Li Ding, Charles Kim, Hyuncheol Lee, Pius Chai, Tianfeng Pickering, Kenneth E. Stajner, Ivanka TI Long-term NOx trends over large cities in the United States during the great recession: Comparison of satellite retrievals, ground observations, and emission inventories SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE NOx; Emission; Trend; Air quality forecast; Recession; OMI NO2; Ozone; AQS; NAQFC ID TROPOSPHERIC NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; AIR-POLLUTION; SPACE; OMI; CAPABILITY; EXPOSURE; COLUMNS AB National emission inventories (NEIs) take years to assemble, but they can become outdated quickly, especially for time-sensitive applications such as air quality forecasting. This study compares multi-year NOx trends derived from satellite and ground observations and uses these data to evaluate the updates of NOx emission data by the US National Air Quality Forecast Capability (NAQFC) for next-day ozone prediction during the 2008 Global Economic Recession. Over the eight large US cities examined here, both the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and the Air Quality System (AQS) detect substantial downward trends from 2005 to 2012, with a seven-year total of -35% according to OMI and -38% according to AQS. The NOx emission projection adopted by NAQFC tends to be in the right direction, but at a slower reduction rate (-25% from 2005 to 2012), due likely to the unaccounted effects of the 2008 economic recession. Both OMI and AQS datasets display distinct emission reduction rates before, during, and after the 2008 global recession in some cities, but the detailed changing rates are not consistent across the OMI and AQS data. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of using space and ground observations to evaluate major updates of emission inventories objectively. The combination of satellite, ground observations, and in-situ measurements (such as emission monitoring in power plants) is likely to provide more reliable estimates of NOx emission and its trend, which is an issue of increasing importance as many urban areas in the US are transitioning to NOx-sensitive chemical regimes by continuous emission reductions. (C). 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tong, Daniel Q.; Pan, Li; Ding, Charles; Kim, Hyuncheol; Lee, Pius; Chai, Tianfeng] NOAA, ARL, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Tong, Daniel Q.; Pan, Li; Kim, Hyuncheol; Chai, Tianfeng] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Tong, Daniel Q.] George Mason Univ, CSISS, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Lamsal, Lok] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD USA. [Lamsal, Lok; Pickering, Kenneth E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ding, Charles] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stajner, Ivanka] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Tong, DQ (reprint author), NOAA, ARL, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Daniel.Tong@noaa.gov RI Chai, Tianfeng/E-5577-2010; Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008; Stajner, Ivanka/B-5228-2009; Kim, Hyun/G-1315-2012; Pan, Li/G-1327-2012; Lee, Pius/D-5201-2016; Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012 OI Chai, Tianfeng/0000-0003-3520-2641; Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568; Stajner, Ivanka/0000-0001-6103-3939; Kim, Hyun/0000-0003-3968-6145; FU NOAA JPSS Proving Ground and Risk Reduction Program [NA12NES4400007]; NASA Earth Science Program through National Climate Indicator [NNX13A045G]; Air Quality Applied Science Team initiatives FX This work has been supported by the NOAA JPSS Proving Ground and Risk Reduction Program (NA12NES4400007) and the NASA Earth Science Program through the National Climate Indicator (NNX13A045G) and Air Quality Applied Science Team initiatives. The authors are grateful to Dr. Bryan Duncan at NASA and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 65 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 57 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2015 VL 107 BP 70 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.01.035 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE6UY UT WOS:000351974900009 ER PT J AU Gu, HP Jin, JM Wu, YH Ek, MB Subin, ZM AF Gu, Hongping Jin, Jiming Wu, Yihua Ek, Michael B. Subin, Zachary M. TI Calibration and validation of lake surface temperature simulations with the coupled WRF-lake model SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Regional Earth System Modeling and Analysis CY MAY 18-22, 2011 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Key Lab Reg Climate Environm E Asia, Chinese Acad Sci, Jackson Sch Geosciences, Univ Texas Austin, Inst Climate & Global Change Res, Nanjing Univ, Monsoon Asia Integrated Reg Study, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China ID REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; GREAT-LAKES; EDDY DIFFUSION; ICE COVER; PARAMETERIZATION; SNOWFALL; THERMOCLINE; SENSITIVITY; FORMULATION AB A one-dimensional (1-D) physically based lake model was coupled to the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model version 3.2 developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research to dynamically simulate physical processes of lakes and their effects on weather and climate at local and regional scales. Our study area is focused on the Great Lakes. This coupled model realistically reproduces the lake surface temperature (LST) at a buoy station in a shallow lake (Lake Erie) while generating strong LST biases ranging from -20 to 20 A degrees C at a buoy station in a deep lake (Lake Superior). Through many sensitivity tests, we find that the biases in the deep lake LST simulations result from the drastic underestimation of heat transfer between the lower and upper parts of the lake through unrealistic eddy diffusion. Additional tests were made to calibrate the eddy diffusivity in WRF-Lake. It is found that when this parameter is multiplied by a factor ranging from 10(2) to 10(5) for various lake depths deeper than 15 m, the LST simulations for the deep lake buoy station show good agreement with observations, and the bias range reduces to +/- 4 A degrees C. Essentially, the enlarged eddy diffusivity strengthens heat transfer within the lake columns in the deep lake, which is significantly underestimated in the lake model without calibration. Validation simulations with the calibrated eddy diffusivity were carried out for the whole of Lake Superior and Lake Erie. The LST simulations still have a substantial bias reduction when compared with those produced with the original eddy diffusivity, indicating that the calibrated parameter is representative. In addition, the improved 1-D lake model with WRF reasonably reproduces the remotely sensed LST geographic distribution. C1 [Gu, Hongping] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Key Lab Reg Climate Environm Res Temperate East A, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Gu, Hongping; Jin, Jiming] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci & Plants, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Gu, Hongping; Jin, Jiming] Utah State Univ, Dept Soils, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Gu, Hongping; Jin, Jiming] Utah State Univ, Dept Climate, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Wu, Yihua; Ek, Michael B.] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Natl Weather Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Subin, Zachary M.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Environm Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Jin, JM (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci & Plants, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM Jiming.Jin@usu.edu FU Utah Agricultural Experiment Station; NOAA MAPP [NA090AR4310195]; EPA [RD83418601] FX This work was supported by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, the NOAA MAPP NA090AR4310195 grant, and the EPA RD83418601 grant. NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD APR PY 2015 VL 129 IS 3-4 BP 471 EP 483 DI 10.1007/s10584-013-0978-y PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CF0AQ UT WOS:000352205300009 ER PT J AU Brodeck, M Maccarrone, S Saha, D Willner, L Allgaier, J Mangiapia, G Frielinghaus, H Holderer, O Faraone, A Richter, D AF Brodeck, Martin Maccarrone, Simona Saha, Debasish Willner, Lutz Allgaier, Juergen Mangiapia, Gaetano Frielinghaus, Henrich Holderer, Olaf Faraone, Antonio Richter, Dieter TI Asymmetric polymers in bicontinuous microemulsions and their accretion to the bending of the membrane SO COLLOID AND POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bending rigidity; Small-angle neutron scattering; Asymmetric sticker polymers; Saddle splay modulus; Spontaneous curvature; Phase diagram; Bicontinuous microemulsion ID AMPHIPHILIC BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; EFFICIENCY BOOSTERS; DECORATED MEMBRANES; TERNARY-SYSTEMS; CURVATURE; INTERFACES; SCATTERING AB After linear hydrophilic polymers with a short hydrophobic sticker have been proven to be highly suitable as efficiency boosters in microemulsions, a whole set of asymmetric polymers was studied in more detail. Sticker polymers with two hydrophilic polymeric arms, hydrophobic polymers with ionic stickers, and a Y-shaped tri-arm-polymer were studied for their high surface activity. While low asymmetry of the Y-shaped polymer resulted in very similar dependence as a diblock copolymer, the highly asymmetric polymers showed a renormalized behavior of the bending rigidity coming from preferential accretion of the polymer at the membrane. The experimental evidence for the accretion of the polymer according to the preferential membrane bending is reported here for the first time. Furthermore, the isolated, diffuse counter ion clouds of the ionic sticker polymers act in a way similar to that of a polymer anchored at the membrane. All asymmetric polymers are highly suitable as efficiency boosters in microemulsions. C1 [Brodeck, Martin] Bonnenberg & Drescher Projektentwicklung GmbH, D-52457 Aldenhoven, Germany. [Maccarrone, Simona; Saha, Debasish; Willner, Lutz; Allgaier, Juergen; Frielinghaus, Henrich; Holderer, Olaf; Richter, Dieter] Forschungszentrum Julich, Outstn MLZ, Julich Ctr Neutron Sci JCNS, D-85747 Garching, Germany. [Saha, Debasish; Willner, Lutz; Allgaier, Juergen; Richter, Dieter] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Complex Syst ICS, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Mangiapia, Gaetano] GSA Serv, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Faraone, Antonio] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Faraone, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Maccarrone, S (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Outstn MLZ, Julich Ctr Neutron Sci JCNS, Lichtenbergstr 1, D-85747 Garching, Germany. EM s.maccarrone@fz-juelich.de RI Frielinghaus, Henrich/K-6017-2013; OI Frielinghaus, Henrich/0000-0002-8812-8783; Holderer, Olaf/0000-0001-6746-7965 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0303-402X EI 1435-1536 J9 COLLOID POLYM SCI JI Colloid Polym. Sci. PD APR PY 2015 VL 293 IS 4 BP 1253 EP 1265 DI 10.1007/s00396-014-3449-8 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA CE8EL UT WOS:000352074200026 ER PT J AU Brodeck, M Maccarrone, S Saha, D Willner, L Allgaier, J Mangiapia, G Frielinghaus, H Holderer, O Faraone, A Richter, D AF Brodeck, Martin Maccarrone, Simona Saha, Debasish Willner, Lutz Allgaier, Juergen Mangiapia, Gaetano Frielinghaus, Henrich Holderer, Olaf Faraone, Antonio Richter, Dieter TI Asymmetric polymers in bicontinuous microemulsions and their accretion to the bending of the membrane (vol 293, pg 1253, 2015) SO COLLOID AND POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Correction C1 [Brodeck, Martin] Bonnenberg & Drescher Projektentwicklung GmbH, D-52457 Aldenhoven, Germany. [Maccarrone, Simona; Saha, Debasish; Willner, Lutz; Allgaier, Juergen; Frielinghaus, Henrich; Holderer, Olaf; Richter, Dieter] Forschungszentrum Julich, Outstn MLZ, Julich Ctr Neutron Sci JCNS, D-85747 Garching, Germany. [Saha, Debasish; Willner, Lutz; Allgaier, Juergen; Richter, Dieter] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Complex Syst ICS, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Mangiapia, Gaetano] GSA Serv, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Faraone, Antonio] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Faraone, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Maccarrone, S (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Outstn MLZ, Julich Ctr Neutron Sci JCNS, Lichtenbergstr 1, D-85747 Garching, Germany. EM s.maccarrone@fz-juelich.de RI Frielinghaus, Henrich/K-6017-2013; Richter, Dieter/H-3701-2013 OI Frielinghaus, Henrich/0000-0002-8812-8783; Richter, Dieter/0000-0003-0719-8470 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0303-402X EI 1435-1536 J9 COLLOID POLYM SCI JI Colloid Polym. Sci. PD APR PY 2015 VL 293 IS 4 BP 1267 EP 1268 DI 10.1007/s00396-014-3491-6 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA CE8EL UT WOS:000352074200027 ER PT J AU Deng, K Sun, Y Li, SS Lu, Y Brouwer, J Mehta, PG Zhou, MC Chakraborty, A AF Deng, Kun Sun, Yu Li, Sisi Lu, Yan Brouwer, Jack Mehta, Prashant G. Zhou, MengChu Chakraborty, Amit TI Model Predictive Control of Central Chiller Plant With Thermal Energy Storage Via Dynamic Programming and Mixed-Integer Linear Programming SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Central chiller plant; dynamic programming; heuristic algorithm; mixed integer linear programming; model predictive control; supervisory control; thermal energy storage ID DESIGN OPTIMIZATION; HVAC SYSTEMS; CRUDE-OIL; ALGORITHM; OPERATION AB This work considers the optimal scheduling problem for a campus central plant equipped with a bank of multiple electrical chillers and a thermal energy storage (TES). Typically, the chillers are operated in ON/OFF modes to charge TES and supply chilled water to satisfy the campus cooling demands. A bilinear model is established to describe the system dynamics of the central plant. A model predictive control (MPC) problem is formulated to obtain optimal set-points to satisfy the campus cooling demands and minimize daily electricity cost. At each time step, the MPC problem is represented as a large-scale mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem. We propose a heuristic algorithm to obtain suboptimal solutions for it via dynamic programming (DP) and mixed integer linear programming (MILP). The system dynamics is linearized along the simulated trajectories of the system. The optimal TES operation profile is obtained by solving a DP problem at every horizon, and the optimal chiller operations are obtained by solving an MILP problem at every time step with a fixed TES operation profile. Simulation results show desired performance and computational tractability of the proposed algorithm. Note to Practitioners-This work was motivated by the supervisory control need for a campus central plant. Plant operators have to decide a scheduling strategy to mix and match various chillers with a thermal energy storage to satisfy the campus cooling demands, while minimizing the operation cost. This work mathematically characterizes the system dynamics of a campus central plant and establishes a linear model to predict campus cooling load. It proposes a model predictive control (MPC) strategy to optimally schedule the campus central plant based on plant system dynamics and predicted campus cooling load. A heuristic algorithm is proposed to obtain suboptimal solutions for the MPC problem. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach are well demonstrated for the central plant at the University of California, Irvine. C1 [Deng, Kun; Mehta, Prashant G.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Sun, Yu; Chakraborty, Amit] Siemens Corp, Corp Technol, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Li, Sisi; Zhou, MengChu] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Zhou, MengChu] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. [Lu, Yan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brouwer, Jack] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Deng, K (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM kundeng2@illinois.edu; yu.sun@siemens.com; sl98@njit.edu; yan.lu@nist.gov; jbrouwer@uci.edu; mehtapg@illi-nois.edu; zhou@njit.edu; amit.chakraborty@siemens.com OI Deng, Kun/0000-0002-8707-1113 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-EE0001113]; National Science Foundation [0931416] FX This paper was recommended for publication by Associate Editor B. Lennartson and Editor S. Reveliotis upon evaluation of the reviewers' comments. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant DE-EE0001113 and the National Science Foundation under Grant 0931416. Most of this work was performed during K. Deng's internship with Siemens Corporation, Corporate Technology. This paper was presented in part at the American Control Conference, Washington, DC, USA, Jun. 17-19, 2013. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 21 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-5955 EI 1558-3783 J9 IEEE T AUTOM SCI ENG JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Sci. Eng. PD APR PY 2015 VL 12 IS 2 BP 565 EP 579 DI 10.1109/TASE.2014.2352280 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA CF4EU UT WOS:000352502300017 ER PT J AU Bonka, A Hernandez, MH Wibbels, T Martinez, LS Martinez, MAC Najera, BMZ Llescas, F Pena, LJ Burchfield, PM Schroeder, B Possardt, E AF Bonka, A. Hernandez, M. H. Wibbels, T. Martinez, L. S. Martinez, M. A. C. Najera, B. M. Z. Llescas, F. Pena, L. J. Burchfield, P. M. Schroeder, B. Possardt, E. TI Sea-finding Orientation of Hatchling Kemp's Ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) Sea Turtles at the Natural Nesting Beach at Rancho Nuevo, Mexico SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2015 CL West Palm Beach, FL SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ Alabama Brimingham, Gladys Porter Zoo, Brownsville, TX USA. Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA. CONANP, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. CONANP, Rancho Nuevo, Mexico. CONANP, Ciudad Victoria, Mexico. CDEN, Tamaulipas, Mexico. NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA USA. EM abonka@uab.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 55 SU 1 MA P2.89 BP E221 EP E221 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CF6HS UT WOS:000352658401166 ER PT J AU Gabriel, SM Auster, PJ Kracker, L AF Gabriel, S. M. Auster, P. J. Kracker, L. TI Elements of the landscape of fear: assessing patterns of prey abundance and patchiness at sub-tropical reefs SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2015 CL West Palm Beach, FL SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ Connecticut, Swarthmore Coll, Storrs, CT USA. Sea Res Fdn, Mystic, CT USA. NOAA, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Washington, DC USA. EM sofiagabriel15@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 55 SU 1 MA P3.131 BP E259 EP E259 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CF6HS UT WOS:000352658401317 ER PT J AU Gmuca, NV Kuhn, CE Dickerson, B Liwanag, HEM AF Gmuca, N., V Kuhn, C. E. Dickerson, B. Liwanag, H. E. M. TI Effects of electronic instrumentation on thermoregulation in northern fur seals SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2015 CL West Palm Beach, FL SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Adelphi Univ, Garden City, NY 21402 USA. Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA USA. Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. EM nataliagmuca@mail.adelphi.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 55 SU 1 MA P2.75 BP E263 EP E263 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CF6HS UT WOS:000352658401334 ER PT J AU Mislan, KAS Dunne, JP Sarmiento, JL AF Mislan, K. A. S. Dunne, J. P. Sarmiento, J. L. TI Regional variability, in the vertical zonation of P-50 depths in the global ocean SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2015 CL West Palm Beach, FL SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM kasm@uw.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 55 SU 1 MA 35.2 BP E127 EP E127 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CF6HS UT WOS:000352658400508 ER PT J AU Putman, NF AF Putman, N. F. TI The role of geomagnetic change on the ecology and evolution of magnetic navigation systems in animals SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2015 CL West Palm Beach, FL SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 [Putman, N. F.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM nathan.putman@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 55 SU 1 MA S6.8 BP E147 EP E147 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CF6HS UT WOS:000352658400587 ER PT J AU Sandell, TA Teel, DJ Fisher, J Beckman, B Jacobson, KC AF Sandell, T. A. Teel, D. J. Fisher, J. Beckman, B. Jacobson, K. C. TI Infections by Renibacterium salmoninarum and Nanophyetus salmincola Chapin are associated with reduced growth of juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), in the Northeast Pacific Ocean SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE disease ecology; survival; parasite; pathogen ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; EARLY MARINE RESIDENCE; COHO SALMON; UVULIFER-AMBLOPLITIS; DIAGNOSTIC ASSAYS; FISH POPULATIONS; PUGET-SOUND; SURVIVAL; MORTALITY; COLUMBIA AB We examined 1454 juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), captured in nearshore waters off the coasts of Washington and Oregon (USA) from 1999 to 2004 for infection by Renibacterium salmoninarum, Nanophyetus salmincola Chapin and skin metacercariae. The prevalence and intensities for each of these infections were established for both yearling and subyearling Chinook salmon. Two metrics of salmon growth, weight residuals and plasma levels of insulin- like growth factor- 1, were determined for salmon infected with these pathogens/parasites, both individually and in combination, with uninfected fish used for comparison. Yearling Chinook salmon infected with R. salmoninarum had significantly reduced weight residuals. Chinook salmon infected with skin metacercariae alone did not have significantly reduced growth metrics. Dual infections were not associated with significantly more severe effects on the growth metrics than single infections; the number of triple infections was very low and precluded statistical comparison. Overall, these data suggest that infections by these organisms can be associated with reduced juvenile Chinook salmon growth. Because growth in the first year at sea has been linked to survival for some stocks of Chinook salmon, the infections may therefore play a role in regulating these populations in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. C1 [Sandell, T. A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Teel, D. J.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Lab, Manchester, WA USA. [Fisher, J.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR USA. [Beckman, B.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Jacobson, K. C.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR USA. RP Sandell, TA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM sandellt@lifetime.oregonstate.edu FU Bonneville Power Administration; Mamie Markham Research Award (HSMC, OSU); John L. Fryer Fellowship (OSU); Oregon Flyfisher's Club scholarship; Harriet M. Winton Scholarship Fund (OSU) FX The authors are grateful to the Captains and crews of the vessels used to perform this work, including the F/V Frosti, F/V Ocean Harvester, R/V Ricker and the F/V Sea Eagle. Mary Beth Rew and Lidia Sandoval ably assisted with the laboratory analyses. We are indebted to Cheryl Morgan for assistance with data compilation and discussions of oceanographic indices, Laurie Weitkamp for assistance in compiling hatchery release data and decoding the vast array of acronyms used by the agencies involved in salmon management and Bob Emmett and Dan Bottom for discussions on salmon biology and ecology. We also wish to thank Hong Sheng Bi for assistance with the negative binomial regression modelling, Alex De Robertis for advice on modelling the length-weight data residuals and their interpretation and the many scientists who went to sea to collect and dissect the fish studied here. The comments of three anonymous reviewers substantially improved this manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by the Bonneville Power Administration, the Mamie Markham Research Award (HSMC, OSU), the John L. Fryer Fellowship (OSU), an Oregon Flyfisher's Club scholarship and the Harriet M. Winton Scholarship Fund (OSU). NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7775 EI 1365-2761 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD APR PY 2015 VL 38 IS 4 BP 365 EP 378 DI 10.1111/jfd.12243 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA CE9EM UT WOS:000352146700004 PM 24720546 ER PT J AU Kerr, CA Stensrud, DJ Wang, XG AF Kerr, Christopher A. Stensrud, David J. Wang, Xuguang TI Assimilation of Cloud-Top Temperature and Radar Observations of an Idealized Splitting Supercell Using an Observing System Simulation Experiment SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; CONVECTION-ALLOWING ENSEMBLE; HIERARCHICAL CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; STORM-SCALE ENSEMBLE; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; COVARIANCE LOCALIZATION; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; MODEL; THUNDERSTORM; MICROPHYSICS AB The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Series will provide cloud-top observations on the convective scale at roughly the same frequency as Doppler radar observations. To evaluate the potential value of cloud-top temperature observations for data assimilation, an imperfect-model observing system simulation experiment is used. Synthetic cloud-top temperature observations from an idealized splitting supercell created using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model are assimilated along with synthetic radar reflectivity and radial velocity using an ensemble Kalman filter. Observations are assimilated every 5 min for 2.5 h with additive noise used to maintain ensemble spread. Four experiments are conducted to explore the relative value of cloud-top temperature and radar observations. One experiment only assimilates satellite data, another only assimilates radar data, and two more experiments assimilate both radar and satellite observations, but with the observation types assimilated in different order. Results show a rather weak correlation between cloud-top temperature and horizontal winds, whereas larger correlations are found between cloud-top temperature and microphysics variables. However, the assimilation of cloud-top temperature data alone produces a supercell storm in the ensemble, although the resulting ensemble has much larger spread compared to the ensembles of radar inclusive experiments. The addition of radar observations greatly improves the storm structure and reduces the overprediction of storm extent. Results further show that assimilating cloud-top temperature observations in addition to radar data does not lead to an improved forecast. However, assimilating cloud-top temperature can produce reasonable forecasts for areas lacking radar coverage. C1 [Kerr, Christopher A.; Wang, Xuguang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kerr, Christopher A.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Stensrud, David J.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Kerr, CA (reprint author), 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 4340B, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM christopher.kerr@ou.edu RI Wang, Xuguang/C-5458-2013 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce; University of Oklahoma [122-792100]; NASA NIP [NNX10AQ78G]; NSF [AGS-1046081] FX Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, the U.S. Department of Commerce, and the University of Oklahoma faculty start-up award 122-792100. This work is also partially supported by NASA NIP Grant NNX10AQ78G and NSF AGS-1046081 awards. The authors would like to Ryan Sobash (OU/CIMMS) for data assimilation/OSSE support. The authors also thank Thomas Jones (OU/CIMMS) for his satellite data assimilation insight and Kent Knopfmeier (OU/CIMMS) for WRF guidance. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2015 VL 143 IS 4 BP 1018 EP 1034 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00146.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE8PR UT WOS:000352106400003 ER PT J AU Halliwell, GR Gopalakrishnan, S Marks, F Willey, D AF Halliwell, G. R., Jr. Gopalakrishnan, S. Marks, F. Willey, D. TI Idealized Study of Ocean Impacts on Tropical Cyclone Intensity Forecasts SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MIXED-LAYER RESPONSE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; HEAT-CONTENT; HURRICANES KATRINA; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; THERMAL STRUCTURE; MODEL; HYCOM AB Idealized coupled tropical cyclone (TC) simulations are conducted to isolate ocean impacts on intensity forecasts. A one-dimensional ocean model is embedded into the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) mesoscale atmospheric forecast model. By inserting an initial vortex into a horizontally uniform atmosphere above a horizontally uniform ocean, the SST cooling rate becomes the dominant large-scale process controlling intensity evolution. Westward storm translation is introduced by bodily advecting ocean fields toward the east. The ocean model produces a realistic cold wake structure allowing the sensitivity of quasi-equilibrium intensity to storm (translation speed, size) and ocean (heat potential) parameters to be quantified. The atmosphere provides feedback through adjustments in 10-m temperature and humidity that reduce SST cooling impact on quasi-equilibrium intensity by up to 40%. When storms encounter an oceanic region with different heat potential, enthalpy flux adjustment is governed primarily by changes in air-sea temperature and humidity differences that respond within 2-4 h in the inner-core region, and secondarily by wind speed changes occurring over a time interval up to 18 h after the transition. Atmospheric feedback always acts to limit the change in enthalpy flux and intensity through adjustments in 10-m temperature and humidity. Intensity change is asymmetric, with a substantially smaller increase for storms encountering larger heat potential compared to the decrease for storms encountering smaller potential. The smaller increase results initially from the smaller wind speed present at the transition time plus stronger limiting atmospheric feedback. The smaller wind speed increase resulting from these two factors further enhances the asymmetry. C1 [Halliwell, G. R., Jr.] NOAA, Phys Oceanog Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Gopalakrishnan, S.; Marks, F.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Willey, D.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. RP Halliwell, GR (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, PhOD, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM george.halliwell@noaa.gov RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Halliwell, George/B-3046-2011; Gopalakrishnan , Sundararaman /I-5773-2013 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Halliwell, George/0000-0003-4216-070X; Gopalakrishnan , Sundararaman /0000-0003-1384-7860 FU NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project; Physical Oceanography Division of NOAA/AOML FX Support is acknowledged from the NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project. G. Halliwell was supported in part by the Physical Oceanography Division of NOAA/AOML. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2015 VL 143 IS 4 BP 1142 EP 1165 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00022.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE8PR UT WOS:000352106400009 ER PT J AU Scheuerer, M Hamill, TM AF Scheuerer, Michael Hamill, Thomas M. TI Variogram-Based Proper Scoring Rules for Probabilistic Forecasts of Multivariate Quantities SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE PREDICTION SYSTEMS; MINIMUM SPANNING TREE; KALMAN FILTER; VERIFICATION; INFORMATION; MODEL; CALIBRATION; REGRESSION; TOOL AB Proper scoring rules provide a theoretically principled framework for the quantitative assessment of the predictive performance of probabilistic forecasts. While a wide selection of such scoring rules for univariate quantities exists, there are only few scoring rules for multivariate quantities, and many of them require that forecasts are given in the form of a probability density function. The energy score, a multivariate generalization of the continuous ranked probability score, is the only commonly used score that is applicable in the important case of ensemble forecasts, where the multivariate predictive distribution is represented by a finite sample. Unfortunately, its ability to detect incorrectly specified correlations between the components of the multivariate quantity is somewhat limited. In this paper the authors present an alternative class of proper scoring rules based on the geostatistical concept of variograms. The sensitivity of these variogram-based scoring rules to incorrectly predicted means, variances, and correlations is studied in a number of examples with simulated observations and forecasts; they are shown to be distinctly more discriminative with respect to the correlation structure. This conclusion is confirmed in a case study with postprocessed wind speed forecasts at five wind park locations in Colorado. C1 [Scheuerer, Michael; Hamill, Thomas M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Scheuerer, M (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway,R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM michael.scheuerer@noaa.gov RI Scheuerer, Michael/D-5472-2015 OI Scheuerer, Michael/0000-0003-4540-9478 FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA/Office of Weather and Air Quality (OWAQ) USWRP grant FX The authors thank Tilmann Gneiting, Martin Leutbecher, and two anonymous reviewers for useful discussions and comments on the manuscript. This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory. The publication was partially supported by a NOAA/Office of Weather and Air Quality (OWAQ) USWRP grant. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2015 VL 143 IS 4 BP 1321 EP 1334 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00269.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE8PR UT WOS:000352106400018 ER PT J AU Dennis, BS Haftel, MI Czaplewski, DA Lopez, D Blumberg, G Aksyuk, VA AF Dennis, B. S. Haftel, M. I. Czaplewski, D. A. Lopez, D. Blumberg, G. Aksyuk, V. A. TI Compact nanomechanical plasmonic phase modulators SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDES; SURFACE; INTEGRATION; PLANAR; MODES; MEMS; SLOT; SI AB Highly confined optical energy in plasmonic devices is advancing miniaturization in photonics. However, for mode sizes approaching approximate to 10 nm, the energy increasingly shifts into the metal, raising losses and hindering active phase modulation. Here, we propose a nanoelectromechanical phase-modulation principle exploiting the extraordinarily strong dependence of the phase velocity of metal-insulator-metal gap plasmons on dynamically variable gap size. We experimentally demonstrate a 23-mu m-long non-resonant modulator having a 1.5 pi rad range, with 1.7 dB excess loss at 780 nm. Analysis shows that by simultaneously decreasing the gap, length and width, an ultracompact-footprint pi rad phase modulator can be realized. This is achieved without incurring the extra loss expected for plasmons confined in a decreasing gap, because the increasing phase-modulation strength from a narrowing gap offsets rising propagation losses. Such small, high-density electrically controllable components may find applications in optical switch fabrics and reconfigurable plasmonic optics. C1 [Dennis, B. S.; Blumberg, G.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Haftel, M. I.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. [Czaplewski, D. A.; Lopez, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Aksyuk, V. A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Aksyuk, VA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vladimir.aksyuk@nist.gov OI Aksyuk, Vladimir/0000-0002-9653-4722 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB14H259, 70NANB14H030]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0698]; Center for Nanoscale Materials, a US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences User Facility [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors acknowledge support from the Measurement Science and Engineering Research Grant Program of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (award nos. 70NANB14H259 and 70NANB14H030) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (grant no. FA9550-09-1-0698). The authors thank A. Agrawal and H. Lezec for their technical suggestions and insightful comments on the manuscript, G. Holland and A. Band for their technical help with the experimental set-up and P. Lubik for his programming assistance. Computational support from the Department of Defense High Performance Computation Modernization project is acknowledged. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Nanoscale Materials, a US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences User Facility (contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357). NR 51 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 9 U2 44 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD APR PY 2015 VL 9 IS 4 BP 267 EP 273 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2015.40 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA CE8HW UT WOS:000352083700016 ER PT J AU Piacentini, F Levi, MP Avella, A Lopez, M Kuck, S Polyakov, SV Degiovanni, IP Brida, G Genovese, M AF Piacentini, F. Levi, M. P. Avella, A. Lopez, M. Kueck, S. Polyakov, S. V. Degiovanni, I. P. Brida, G. Genovese, M. TI Positive operator-valued measure reconstruction of a beam-splitter tree-based photon-number-resolving detector SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EFFICIENCY; STATISTICS; CALIBRATION; TOMOGRAPHY; RADIOMETRY; STATES; LIGHT AB Here we present a reconstruction of the positive operator-value measurement of a photon-number-resolving detector comprised of three 50: 50 beam-splitters in a tree configuration, terminated with four single-photon avalanche detectors. The four detectors' outputs are processed by an electronic board that discriminates detected photon number states from 0 to 4 and implements a "smart counting" routine to compensate for dead time issues at high count rates. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Piacentini, F.; Levi, M. P.; Avella, A.; Degiovanni, I. P.; Brida, G.; Genovese, M.] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol INRIM, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Levi, M. P.] Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Fis, I-10129 Turin, Italy. [Lopez, M.; Kueck, S.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Polyakov, S. V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Genovese, M.] Consorzio Nazl Interuniv Sci Fis Materia, Unita Torino Univ, I-10125 Turin, Italy. RP Genovese, M (reprint author), Ist Nazl Ric Metrol INRIM, Str Cacce 91, I-10135 Turin, Italy. EM m.genovese@inrim.it RI genovese, marco/D-4862-2013; Avella, Alessio/K-7079-2013; Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/F-2140-2013; Piacentini, Fabrizio/N-6684-2015 OI genovese, marco/0000-0001-9186-8849; Avella, Alessio/0000-0002-2148-6228; Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/0000-0003-0332-3115; Piacentini, Fabrizio/0000-0002-8098-5692 FU EU FP7 under Grant Agreement [308803]; EMRP [EXL02 -SIQUTE]; MIUR (FIRB) [RBFR10UAUV, RBFR10VZUG]; NATO [984397]; Compagnia di San Paolo FX This effort was supported by: EU FP7 under Grant Agreement No. 308803 (BRISQ2), by a project EXL02 -SIQUTE of the EMRP, by MIUR (FIRB Grants Nos. RBFR10UAUV and RBFR10VZUG), by NATO (Grant No. 984397), and by Compagnia di San Paolo. IPD thanks Matteo Paris for useful discussions. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2015 VL 40 IS 7 BP 1548 EP 1551 DI 10.1364/OL.40.001548 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA CE9HK UT WOS:000352154600106 PM 25831381 ER PT J AU Williams, ID Baum, JK Heenan, A Hanson, KM Nadon, MO Brainard, RE AF Williams, Ivor D. Baum, Julia K. Heenan, Adel Hanson, Katharine M. Nadon, Marc O. Brainard, Russell E. TI Human, Oceanographic and Habitat Drivers of Central and Western Pacific Coral Reef Fish Assemblages SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; BASE-LINES; POPULATION-DENSITY; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; VISUAL CENSUSES; STRIP TRANSECT; CLIMATE; BIOMASS; DEGRADATION; FISHERIES AB Coral reefs around US-and US-affiliated Pacific islands and atolls span wide oceanographic gradients and levels of human impact. Here we examine the relative influence of these factors on coral reef fish biomass, using data from a consistent large-scale ecosystem monitoring program conducted by scientific divers over the course of >2,000 hours of underwater observation at 1,934 sites, across similar to 40 islands and atolls. Consistent with previous smaller-scale studies, our results show sharp declines in reef fish biomass at relatively low human population density, followed by more gradual declines as human population density increased further. Adjusting for other factors, the highest levels of oceanic productivity among our study locations were associated with more than double the biomass of reef fishes (including similar to 4 times the biomass of planktivores and piscivores) compared to islands with lowest oceanic productivity. Our results emphasize that coral reef areas do not all have equal ability to sustain large reef fish stocks, and that what is natural varies significantly amongst locations. Comparisons of biomass estimates derived from visual surveys with predicted biomass in the absence of humans indicated that total reef fish biomass was depleted by 61% to 69% at populated islands in the Mariana Archipelago; by 20% to 78% in the Main Hawaiian islands; and by 21% to 56% in American Samoa. C1 [Williams, Ivor D.; Heenan, Adel; Brainard, Russell E.] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Pacif Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Baum, Julia K.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. [Heenan, Adel; Nadon, Marc O.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hanson, Katharine M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Nadon, Marc O.] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries Res & Monitoring Div, Pacif Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Williams, ID (reprint author), Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Pacif Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM ivor.williams@noaa.gov OI Hanson, Katharine/0000-0002-3972-8520 FU NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX Funding for surveys and to support program operation was provided by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program (http://coralreef.noaa.gov). JKB acknowledges funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 58 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 16 U2 83 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 1 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 4 AR e0120516 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0120516 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CE9AM UT WOS:000352135600033 PM 25831196 ER PT J AU Chai, TF Draxler, R Stein, A AF Chai, Tianfeng Draxler, Roland Stein, Ariel TI Source term estimation using air concentration measurements and a Lagrangian dispersion model - Experiments with pseudo and real cesium-137 observations from the Fukushima nuclear accident SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Lagrangian dispersion model; Fukushima nuclear accident; Cost functional; Source term estimation; Air concentration; Pseudo observations; Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated; Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model; Transfer coefficient matrix (TCM); Cesium-137 ID POWER-PLANT ACCIDENT; SCALE ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION; DATA ASSIMILATION; RADIONUCLIDES; DEPOSITION; VERIFICATION; DISCHARGE; RELEASE; SYSTEM; I-131 AB A transfer coefficient matrix (TCM) was created in a previous study using a Lagrangian dispersion model to provide plume predictions under different emission scenarios. The TCM estimates the contribution of each emission period to all sampling locations and can be used to estimate source terms by adjusting emission rates to match the model prediction with the measurements. In this paper, the TCM is used to formulate a cost functional that measures the differences between the model predictions and the actual air concentration measurements. The cost functional also includes a background term which adds the differences between a first guess and the updated emission estimates. Uncertainties of the measurements, as well as those for the first guess of source terms are both considered in the cost functional. In addition, a penalty term is added to create a smooth temporal change in the release rate. The method is first tested with pseudo observations generated using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model at the same location and time as the actual observations. The inverse estimation system is able to accurately recover the release rates and performs better than a direct solution using singular value decomposition (SVD). It is found that computing ln(c) differences between model and observations is better than using the original concentration c differences in the cost functional. The inverse estimation results are not sensitive to artificially introduced observational errors or different first guesses. To further test the method, daily average cesium-137 air concentration measurements around the globe from the Fukushima nuclear accident are used to estimate the release of the radionuclide. Compared with the latest estimates by Katata et al. (2014), the recovered release rates successfully capture the main temporal variations. When using subsets of the measured data, the inverse estimation method still manages to identify most of the major events in the temporal profile of the release. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chai, Tianfeng; Draxler, Roland; Stein, Ariel] NOAA, ARL, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Chai, Tianfeng] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Chai, TF (reprint author), NOAA, ARL, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Tianfeng.Chai@noaa.gov RI Chai, Tianfeng/E-5577-2010; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014 OI Chai, Tianfeng/0000-0003-3520-2641; Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198 FU NOAA [NA09NES4400006]; U.S. Department of State FX This study was supported by NOAA grant NA09NES4400006 (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-CICS) at the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory in collaboration with the University of Maryland. Additional funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Department of State. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2015 VL 106 BP 241 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.01.070 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE6RR UT WOS:000351966200024 ER PT J AU Wu, YH Han, Z Nazmi, C Gross, B Moshary, F AF Wu, Yonghua Han, Zaw Nazmi, Chowdhury Gross, Barry Moshary, Fred TI A trans-Pacific Asian dust episode and its impacts to air quality in the east coast of US SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Asian dust; Transport; Lidar; Particulate matter; Air quality ID NORTH-AMERICA; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; INTEX-B; LIDAR; AEROSOLS; SUNPHOTOMETER; WHISTLER; CLOSURE; PM2.5 AB The transport of an intense trans-Pacific Asian dust episode to the Northeast United States (U.S.) is studied using a synergistic suite of observations and models including a ground-based lidar, AERONETsunphotometer, satellite measurements and global aerosol transport model for New York City (40.821 degrees N, 73.949 degrees W), During the dust intrusion on March 17-19, 2010, the multi-wavelength lidar observations indicate dense dust plumes (similar to 80% of total column AOD) located between 3 and 9 km altitudes with the lower layer mixing toward the planetary boundary layer (PBL). The column AOD shows a significant increase from 0.08 to 0.38 at 532-nm while the Angstrom exponent indicates a decrease from 1.3 to 0.7. The linear particle depolarization ratio is estimated to be 0.1-0.15 and the single-scattering-albedo shows the dust-like spectral dependence with the value of 0.9-0.95 at 440-nm. The NOAA-NCEP reanalysis and HYSPLIT model indicate that this long-range transport is driven by the strong western jets and travels for 6 days to arrive the U.S. east coast versus the western and northern U.S. Both the NAAPS aerosol transport model and satellite CALIPSO observations for multiple orbits clearly illustrate the dust-dominated aerosol along the transport path. In addition, coincident increase of both particulate matter (PM) and fine soil concentrations indicate the potential impact of transported dust on the air quality that is found to be associated with a large area of sinking air along the U.S. east coast. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, Yonghua] CUNY City Coll, Opt Remote Sensing Lab, New York, NY 10031 USA. CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Wu, YH (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Opt Remote Sensing Lab, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM yhwu@ccny.cuny.edu OI Wu, Yonghua/0000-0003-0700-4859 FU NOAA [NA11SEC4810004]; U.S. government FX This work is partially supported by the research projects of NOAA # NA11SEC4810004. Authors greatly appreciate the data from NASA-AERONET, MODIS and CALIPSO observations, NOAA-HYSPLI, NYDEC surface PM data, NRL-NAAPS model product and the images of operational NCEP analysis provided by the NOAA/ESRL Physical Sciences Division, Boulder Colorado. The statements contained within the manuscript are not the opinions of the funding agency or the U.S. government, but reflect the author's opinions. We gratefully acknowledged the constructive comments from two anonymous reviewers that greatly improve the manuscript. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2015 VL 106 BP 358 EP 368 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.02.013 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE6RR UT WOS:000351966200034 ER PT J AU Handegard, NO De Robertis, A Rieucau, G Boswell, K Macaulay, GJ AF Handegard, Nils Olav De Robertis, Alex Rieucau, Guillaume Boswell, Kevin Macaulay, Gavin J. TI The reaction of a captive herring school to playbacks of a noise-reduced and a conventional research vessel SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SILENT RESEARCH VESSELS; CLUPEA-HARENGUS; AVOIDANCE; FISH; RESPONSES; ENCOUNTER; PREDATION; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR; DENSITY AB Fish avoidance of vessels can bias fisheries-independent surveys. To understand these biases, recordings of underwater radiated vessel noise from a noise-reduced and a conventional research vessel were played back at the same sound pressure levels (SPL) as experienced in situ to Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in a net pen at two different densities. The noise-reduced vessel recording was also scaled to the same SPL as the conventional vessel to test if characteristics other than SPL affected the reactions. Overall, only weak reactions were observed, but reactions were stronger in the low-density school, in the middle of the pen, and for the scaled silent vessel compared with the conventional vessel. These observations may be attributable to the lack of low frequencies (<50 Hz) in the playbacks, differential motivation for reaction driven by fish density, higher low-frequency noise in the middle of the pen (but lower overall SPL), and characteristics other than SPL. These results call into question the use of SPL as a proxy for fish reaction to vessels as used in standards for construction of research vessels. C1 [Handegard, Nils Olav; Rieucau, Guillaume; Macaulay, Gavin J.] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [De Robertis, Alex] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Boswell, Kevin] Florida Int Univ, North Miami, FL 33181 USA. RP Handegard, NO (reprint author), Inst Marine Res, POB 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. EM nilsolav@imr.no RI boswell, kevin/B-6380-2016; Handegard, Nils Olav /I-3047-2012; OI boswell, kevin/0000-0002-2037-1541; Handegard, Nils Olav /0000-0002-9708-9042; Macaulay, Gavin/0000-0003-2518-6537 FU Norwegian Research Council [204229/F20] FX This work was financed by the Norwegian Research Council (grant 204229/F20). We are grateful to the following people: Endre Grimsbo, Lise Doksaeter Sivle, and Lars Stien for their technical help during the experiments and data analysis; Kirsti Borve Eriksen, Felicia Juanita Keulder-Stenevik, Herdis Langoy Mork, Georg Skaret, and Anne-Britt Skar Tysseland for participating in the qualitative scoring team; and Jens Hovem and NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Tehcnology) for providing their vertical hydrophone array and Tim Cato Netland, Bo Peng, and Alexios Korakas for assistance in its use. The animal collection was approved by The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries, and the experiment was approved by the Norwegian Animal Research Authority. The Institute of Marine Research is permitted to conduct experiments at the Austevoll aquaculture facility by the Norwegian Biological Resource Committee and the Norwegian Animal Research Committee (Forsoksdyrutvalget). The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of their home institutions. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2015 VL 72 IS 4 BP 491 EP 499 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0257 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CE4AZ UT WOS:000351774100002 ER PT J AU Musyl, MK Moyes, CD Brill, RW Mourato, BL West, A McNaughton, LM Chiang, WC Sun, CL AF Musyl, Michael K. Moyes, Christopher D. Brill, Richard W. Mourato, Bruno L. West, Andrew McNaughton, Lianne M. Chiang, Wei-Chuan Sun, Chi-Lu TI Postrelease mortality in istiophorid billfish SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MARLIN MAKAIRA-NIGRICANS; CATCH-AND-RELEASE; SATELLITE ARCHIVAL TAGS; PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY; PACIFIC STRIPED MARLIN; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; GULF-OF-MEXICO; BLUE MARLIN; TETRAPTURUS-AUDAX; WHITE MARLIN AB Meta-analysis (inverse-variance, random-effects model) involving 46 studies was used to estimate the effect size of postrelease mortality (F-r) in six istiophorid billfish species (black marlin (Istiompax indica), blue marlin (Makaira nigricans), longbill spearfish (Tetrapturus pfluegeri), sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus), striped marlin (Kajikia audax), and white marlin (Kajikia albida)) following release from recreational, longline, and harpoon fishing gears. The studies involved 400 reporting pop-up satellite archival tags and 64 reporting acoustic (ultrasonic) tags. Despite fish being captured, tagged, and released under widely disparate conditions, locations, and gear types, F-r was homogeneous among species. Variability in F-r was principally due to random sampling error within studies with no evident patterns. Fifteen studies (33% of tags) indicated no mortality, and the overall summary effect size for F-r was 13.5% (95% CI: 10.3%-17.6%). Since the random-effects model decomposed to a fixed-effect model when the between-studies variance T-2 = 0.00, results were confirmed using exact nonparametric inferential tests and sensitivity analyses. Our results support earlier findings in the Atlantic and substantiate the majority of istiophorid billfish survive when released from recreational and longline fishing gear, clearly implying catch-and-release as a viable management option that permits fishing activity while protecting parental biomass and the fishery. C1 [Musyl, Michael K.; McNaughton, Lianne M.] Univ Hawaii, Corp Res, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Musyl, Michael K.] Pelag Res Grp LLC, Honolulu, HI 96816 USA. [Musyl, Michael K.; Sun, Chi-Lu] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Moyes, Christopher D.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Brill, Richard W.] NOAA, NMFS Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. [Mourato, Bruno L.] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Mar, BR-11030400 Santos, SP, Brazil. [West, Andrew] Pacific Ecol Lab, Kailua, HI 96740 USA. [Chiang, Wei-Chuan] Eastern Marine Biol Res Ctr, Fisheries Res Inst, Cheggong Township 96143, Taitung County, Taiwan. RP Musyl, MK (reprint author), Pelag Res Grp LLC, POB 10243, Honolulu, HI 96816 USA. EM michael.musyl@gmail.com RI Mourato, Bruno/E-2820-2012 FU Bycatch Reduction Engineering Program of NOAA Fisheries; NOAA Fisheries Honolulu; Pelagic Fisheries Research Program of the University of Hawaii; National Science Council (Taiwan) [NSC102-2811-B-002] FX This study was principally funded by the Bycatch Reduction Engineering Program of NOAA Fisheries (D. Orner and L. Benaka are thanked for their support) and by support from NOAA Fisheries Honolulu (J. Arceneaux, A. Au-Turner, K. Bigelow, C. Boggs, K. Busscher, M. Clark, G. DiNardo, J. Kelly, R. Kupfer, F. O'Neill, E. Phillips, R. Price, C. Stoehr); J. Bright of Tropidilla Productions LLC; W. Hester III, S. Kizel, and T. Casey of Maui Jim, Inc.; and the Pelagic Fisheries Research Program of the University of Hawaii (J. Sibert and D. Lau are "Mahaloed"). MKM was supported in part by a grant from the National Science Council (Taiwan) to the Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University (NSC102-2811-B-002). L. Hedges and L. Bax offered suggestions that improved the study and their advice was most appreciated. The NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center provided editorial review (C. Chambers, B. Phelan). R. Brandt, J. Brodziak, B. Walsh, P. Dalzell, D. Itano, and three anonymous reviewers are thanked for their encouragement, constructive comments, and suggestions that improved the manuscript. The authors or their agencies do not necessarily approve, recommend, or endorse any proprietary hardware or software mentioned in this publication. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of their agencies or funding bodies. NR 127 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 18 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2015 VL 72 IS 4 BP 538 EP 556 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0323 PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CE4AZ UT WOS:000351774100006 ER PT J AU Winship, AJ O'Farrell, MR Satterthwaite, WH Wells, BK Mohr, MS AF Winship, Arliss J. O'Farrell, Michael R. Satterthwaite, William H. Wells, Brian K. Mohr, Michael S. TI Expected future performance of salmon abundance forecast models with varying complexity SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH FISHERY; LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION; CLIMATE-INDUCED CHANGES; COHO SALMON; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; MARINE SURVIVAL; RECRUITMENT; TSHAWYTSCHA; MANAGEMENT; POPULATION AB We evaluated the scope for improving abundance forecasts for fishery management using Sacramento River fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) as a case study. A range of forecast models that related the Sacramento Index (SI; an index of adult ocean abundance) to jack (estimated age 2) spawning escapement the previous year were considered. Alternative models incorporated effects of density dependence, local environmental conditions, the abundance of the previous cohort, and trends or autocorrelation in the jack-to-SI relationship. Forecast performance was assessed in terms of bias, accuracy, ability to track trends in the SI, and management objectives. Several models achieved higher accuracy than the model used for management, but no single model performed best across all criteria, and substantial forecast error remained across all approaches considered. Environmental models generally performed better than the management model, but there were differences in the relative importance of individual environmental variables over time and among model formulations. Accounting for model selection uncertainty in environmental models decreased their forecast performance. Simpler models often had similar or better performance than environmental models. In particular, the model incorporating temporally autocorrelated errors demonstrated potential for modest forecast improvement with relatively little additional model complexity. C1 [Winship, Arliss J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Winship, Arliss J.; O'Farrell, Michael R.; Satterthwaite, William H.; Wells, Brian K.; Mohr, Michael S.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Satterthwaite, William H.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Winship, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Biogeog Branch, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci,Natl Ocean Serv, 1305 East West Hwy,SSMC 4,N SCI 1, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM arliss.winship@noaa.gov FU US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center FX Thanks are extended to I. Schroeder for providing a portion of the environmental data. Thanks also to R. Kope and N. Mantua for helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. S. Allen-Moran, A. MacCall, S. Munch, C. Speir, two anonymous reviewers, and the associate editor also provided helpful suggestions and insights. This study was funded by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 14 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2015 VL 72 IS 4 BP 557 EP 569 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0247 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CE4AZ UT WOS:000351774100007 ER PT J AU Goethel, DR Legault, CM Cadrin, SX AF Goethel, Daniel R. Legault, Christopher M. Cadrin, Steven X. TI Testing the performance of a spatially explicit tag-integrated stock assessment model of yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea) through simulation analysis SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CATCH-AT-AGE; NEW-ENGLAND; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; TAGGING DATA; FISHERIES; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY; MOVEMENT; IMPACTS; WESTERN AB In any stock assessment application, the implicit assumptions regarding spatial population structure must be carefully evaluated. Tag-integrated models offer a promising approach for incorporating spatial structure and movement patterns in stock assessments, but the complexity of the framework makes implementation challenging and the appraisal of performance difficult. A flounder-like fishery was simulated to emulate the metapopulation dynamics of the three yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea) stocks off New England, and the robustness of spatially explicit tag-integrated models were compared with closed population assessments. Different movement parametrizations and data uncertainty scenarios were simulated, while the ability of the tag-integrated model to estimate reporting rate and time-varying movement were also evaluated. Results indicated that the tag-integrated framework was robust for the simulated fishery across a wide range of connectivity levels and that tag reporting rates were accurately estimated. Closed population models also demonstrated limited error. Therefore, spatially explicit approaches may not always be warranted even when regional connectivity is occurring, but tag-integrated models can provide improved parameter estimates when reliable tagging data are available. Tag-integrated models also serve as valuable tools for informing spatially explicit operating models, which can then be used to evaluate the assumptions and performance of closed population models. C1 [Goethel, Daniel R.; Cadrin, Steven X.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA. [Legault, Christopher M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Goethel, DR (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, 200 Mill Rd, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA. EM Daniel.Goethel@noaa.gov OI Goethel, Daniel/0000-0003-0066-431X FU Massachusetts Marine Fisheries Institute; NOAA-Sea Grant Population Dynamics fellowship FX We thank Paul Rago, Terry Quinn, and two anonymous reviewers for their thorough review of the manuscript. D.R.G. also thanks his graduate committee, including Brian Rothschild and Geoff Cowles, for providing feedback and guidance. Funding for this research was provided by the Massachusetts Marine Fisheries Institute and a NOAA-Sea Grant Population Dynamics fellowship. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2015 VL 72 IS 4 BP 582 EP 601 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0244 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CE4AZ UT WOS:000351774100009 ER PT J AU Jones, S Martys, N Lu, Y Bentz, D AF Jones, Scott Martys, Nicos Lu, Yang Bentz, Dale TI Simulation studies of methods to delay corrosion and increase service life for cracked concrete exposed to chlorides SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE Chloride ingress; Corrosion; Crack filler; Reinforced concrete; Service life; Transverse cracking ID SILICA FUME; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; BRIDGE DECKS; WATER; PENETRATION; INITIATION; MORTAR; CEMENT; STEEL AB The ingress of chlorides in reinforced concrete leads to the onset of steel reinforcement corrosion and eventually compromises a structure's integrity. To extend its service life and improve safety, it is crucial to develop sound repair strategies for our nation's infrastructure. In this paper, results are presented for numerical simulations to study the effectiveness of fillers for repair of cracks in concrete, so as to delay the onset of corrosion in reinforcing steel. Concretes without cracks and with either a 50 lam or 500 lam wide crack located directly above the steel reinforcement are simulated, with the addition of silica fume, a corrosion inhibitor, or epoxy-coated reinforcement being considered as additional scenarios. The effectiveness of the crack filler depends not only on its inherent diffusivity with respect to chloride ions, but also on its ability to penetrate and fill the damaged zone or interface between the open crack region and the bulk concrete. Additional simulations indicate that using continuum models instead of models that include details of the rebar placement can lead to underestimating the chloride concentration and overestimating the service life. Experiments are needed to study the ingress of chlorides in damaged (interfacial) regions adjacent to the crack or at the reinforcement surface, as the local transport properties of these regions can significantly influence service life predictions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jones, Scott; Martys, Nicos; Lu, Yang; Bentz, Dale] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jones, S (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM scott.jones@nist.gov; nicos.martys@nist.gov; yanglufrank@boisestate.edu; dale.bentz@nist.gov OI Jones, Scott/0000-0003-2415-1957 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-9465 EI 1873-393X J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP JI Cem. Concr. Compos. PD APR PY 2015 VL 58 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.12.014 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA CE6TN UT WOS:000351971200007 ER PT J AU Babushok, VI Linteris, GT Burgess, DR Baker, PT AF Babushok, Valeri I. Linteris, Gregory T. Burgess, Donald R., Jr. Baker, Patrick T. TI Hydrocarbon flame inhibition by C3H2F3Br (2-BTP) SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Flame inhibition; Fire suppressants; 2-BTP; C2F5H; CF3Br; HaIon replacement ID UNWANTED COMBUSTION ENHANCEMENT; INTERMEDIATE SPECIES PROFILES; FLUORINATED HYDROCARBONS; GASEOUS-MIXTURES; FIRE SUPPRESSION; METHANE; CF3BR; REPLACEMENTS; AGENTS; GAS AB A kinetic mechanism for hydrocarbon flame inhibition by the potential halon replacement 2-BTP (2-Bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene) has been assembled, and is used to study its effects on premixed methane-air flames. Simulations with varying CH4-air stoichiometry and agent loading have been used to understand its flame inhibition mechanism. In particular, the response of lean methane-air flames is examined with addition of 2-BTP, CF3Br, C2HF5, and N-2 to illustrate the effect of agent heat release on these flames. The results predict that addition of 2-BTP or C2HF5 can increase the burning velocity of very lean flames, and 2-BTP is less effective for lean flames than for rich. The flame inhibition mechanism of 2-BTP involves the same bromine-species gas-phase catalytic cycle as CF3Br, which drives the flame radicals to equilibrium levels, which can be raised, however, by higher temperatures with added agent (for initially lean flames). Simulations for pure 2-BTP-O-2-N-2 mixtures predict burning velocities on the order of 1 cm/s at 300 K initial temperature. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Babushok, Valeri I.; Linteris, Gregory T.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Burgess, Donald R., Jr.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Baker, Patrick T.] Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. RP Linteris, GT (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8665, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM linteris@nist.gov FU Boeing Company FX The work was supported by the Boeing Company. NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD APR PY 2015 VL 162 IS 4 BP 1104 EP 1112 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.10.002 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CE4IK UT WOS:000351794100017 ER PT J AU Smith, SDP McIntyre, PB Halpern, BS Cooke, RM Marino, AL Boyer, GL Buchsbaum, A Burton, GA Campbell, LM Ciborowski, JJH Doran, PJ Infante, DM Johnson, LB Read, JG Rose, JB Rutherford, ES Steinman, AD Allan, JD AF Smith, Sigrid D. P. McIntyre, Peter B. Halpern, Benjamin S. Cooke, Roger M. Marino, Adrienne L. Boyer, Gregory L. Buchsbaum, Andy Burton, G. A., Jr. Campbell, Linda M. Ciborowski, Jan J. H. Doran, Patrick J. Infante, Dana M. Johnson, Lucinda B. Read, Jennifer G. Rose, Joan B. Rutherford, Edward S. Steinman, Alan D. Allan, J. David TI Rating impacts in a multi-stressor world: a quantitative assessment of 50 stressors affecting the Great Lakes SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aquatic; cumulative impact mapping; ecological risk assessment; environmental threats; expert elicitation; expert judgment; questionnaire; weight of evidence ID ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; EXPERT KNOWLEDGE; COASTAL WETLANDS; LAND-USE; RESPONSES; VULNERABILITY; CONSERVATION; JUDGMENT AB Ecosystems often experience multiple environmental stressors simultaneously that can differ widely in their pathways and strengths of impact. Differences in the relative impact of environmental stressors can guide restoration and management prioritization, but few studies have empirically assessed a comprehensive suite of stressors acting on a given ecosystem. To fill this gap in the Laurentian Great Lakes, where considerable restoration investments are currently underway, we used expert elicitation via a detailed online survey to develop ratings of the relative impacts of 50 potential stressors. Highlighting the multiplicity of stressors in this system, experts assessed all 50 stressors as having some impact on ecosystem condition, but ratings differed greatly among stressors. Individual stressors related to invasive and nuisance species (e.g., dreissenid mussels and ballast invasion risk) and climate change were assessed as having the greatest potential impacts. These results mark a shift away from the longstanding emphasis on nonpoint phosphorus and persistent bioaccumulative toxic substances in the Great Lakes. Differences in impact ratings among lakes and ecosystem zones were weak, and experts exhibited surprisingly high levels of agreement on the relative impacts of most stressors. Our results provide a basin-wide, quantitative summary of expert opinion on the present-day influence of all major Great Lakes stressors. The resulting ratings can facilitate prioritizing stressors to achieve management objectives in a given location, as well as providing a baseline for future stressor impact assessments in the Great Lakes and elsewhere. C1 [Smith, Sigrid D. P.; Marino, Adrienne L.; Burton, G. A., Jr.; Read, Jennifer G.; Allan, J. David] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [McIntyre, Peter B.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Halpern, Benjamin S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Halpern, Benjamin S.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Halpern, Benjamin S.] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Cooke, Roger M.] Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Boyer, Gregory L.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Great Lakes Res Consortium, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Boyer, Gregory L.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Buchsbaum, Andy] Natl Wildlife Federat, Great Lakes Reg Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Campbell, Linda M.] Queens Univ, Sch Environm Studies, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Campbell, Linda M.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Ciborowski, Jan J. H.] Univ Windsor, Dept Biol Sci, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Doran, Patrick J.] Nat Conservancy Great Lakes Project, Lansing, MI 48906 USA. [Infante, Dana M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Johnson, Lucinda B.] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55881 USA. [Rutherford, Edward S.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48015 USA. [Steinman, Alan D.] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. RP Smith, SDP (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM sdpsmith@umich.edu RI Burton, Glenn/Q-9714-2016; OI Burton, Glenn/0000-0002-8660-6294; Rutherford, Edward/0000-0002-7282-6667 FU Fred A. and Barbara M. Erb Family Foundation; University of Michigan Water Center; National Science Foundation [DEB-1115025]; Upper Midwest and Great Lakes Landscape Conservation Cooperative FX We heartily thank the hundreds of Great Lakes scientific and management experts who generously shared their time to complete the survey. M. Carlson Mazur, B. Bunnell, and M. Khoury tested and provided feedback on an early draft of the survey, and R. Hecky and especially G. Kolenic provided additional input on the survey. W. L. Chadderton, T. Eder, and S. P. Sowa provided helpful input during the project. D. Schimel and anonymous reviewers provided constructive feedback on earlier versions of the manuscript. Funding was provided by the Fred A. and Barbara M. Erb Family Foundation. Continuing support was provided by the University of Michigan Water Center to D. Allan and S. Smith, and by the National Science Foundation (DEB-1115025) and Upper Midwest and Great Lakes Landscape Conservation Cooperative to P. McIntyre. D. Pearsall graciously shared survey data collected by The Nature Conservancy. This is NOAA GLERL contribution #1729. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 84 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2015 VL 25 IS 3 BP 717 EP 728 DI 10.1890/14-0366.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE5DE UT WOS:000351849700012 PM 26214917 ER PT J AU Kearney, KA Butler, M Glazer, R Kelble, CR Serafy, JE Stabenau, E AF Kearney, Kelly A. Butler, Mark Glazer, Robert Kelble, Christopher R. Serafy, Joseph E. Stabenau, Erik TI Quantifying Florida Bay Habitat Suitability for Fishes and Invertebrates Under Climate Change Scenarios SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Scenario modeling; Sea level rise; Fisheries ID LOBSTER PANULIRUS-ARGUS; JUVENILE SPINY LOBSTERS; WINNERS; LOSERS; ENHANCEMENT; RECRUITMENT; EVERGLADES; ESTUARIES; TRANSPORT; SALINITY AB The Florida Bay ecosystem supports a number of economically important ecosystem services, including several recreational fisheries, which may be affected by changing salinity and temperature due to climate change. In this paper, we use a combination of physical models and habitat suitability index models to quantify the effects of potential climate change scenarios on a variety of juvenile fish and lobster species in Florida Bay. The climate scenarios include alterations in sea level, evaporation and precipitation rates, coastal runoff, and water temperature. We find that the changes in habitat suitability vary in both magnitude and direction across the scenarios and species, but are on average small. Only one of the seven species we investigate (Lagodon rhomboides, i.e., pinfish) sees a sizable decrease in optimal habitat under any of the scenarios. This suggests that the estuarine fauna of Florida Bay may not be as vulnerable to climate change as other components of the ecosystem, such as those in the marine/terrestrial ecotone. However, these models are relatively simplistic, looking only at single species effects of physical drivers without considering the many interspecific interactions that may play a key role in the adjustment of the ecosystem as a whole. More complex models that capture the mechanistic links between physics and biology, as well as the complex dynamics of the estuarine food web, may be necessary to further understand the potential effects of climate change on the Florida Bay ecosystem. C1 [Kearney, Kelly A.] Univ Miami, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Butler, Mark] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Glazer, Robert] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Marathon, FL 33050 USA. [Kelble, Christopher R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33143 USA. [Serafy, Joseph E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Stabenau, Erik] Natl Pk Serv, Homestead, FL 33130 USA. RP Kearney, KA (reprint author), Univ Miami, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM kkearney@rsmas.miami.edu RI Kelble, Christopher/A-8511-2008; Kearney, Kelly/A-8673-2014; OI Kelble, Christopher/0000-0003-0914-4134; Kearney, Kelly/0000-0002-6152-5236; Stabenau, Erik/0000-0002-6574-9317 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office's Coastal; Ocean Climate Applications Program; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP), Restoration Coordination & Verification (RECOVER), Monitoring and Assessment Plan (MAP); NOAA; National Marine Fisheries Service FX This research was supported by award NA12OAR4310105 by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office's Coastal and Ocean Climate Applications Program to the University of Miami. Funding for this project is provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP), Restoration Coordination & Verification (RECOVER), Monitoring and Assessment Plan (MAP) (http://www.evergladesplan.org/pm/recover.aspx). RECOVER is an interagency collaboration between federal agencies, Florida state agencies, and Native American Tribes supporting the integration of scientific principals and information into the CERP. Additional funding support is provided by NOAA. Thank you to Frank Marshall of the Cetacean Logic Foundation for assistance with the FATHOM model. Work was supported in part by the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 55 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2015 VL 55 IS 4 BP 836 EP 856 DI 10.1007/s00267-014-0336-5 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE4ZD UT WOS:000351838300008 PM 25216988 ER PT J AU Koch, MS Coronado, C Miller, MW Rudnick, DT Stabenau, E Halley, RB Sklar, FH AF Koch, M. S. Coronado, C. Miller, M. W. Rudnick, D. T. Stabenau, E. Halley, R. B. Sklar, F. H. TI Climate Change Projected Effects on Coastal Foundation Communities of the Greater Everglades Using a 2060 Scenario: Need for a New Management Paradigm SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Sea level rise; Seagrass; Mangroves; Coral reefs; Management ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SEAGRASS THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; FLORIDA REEF TRACT; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CORAL-REEFS; MANGROVE FORESTS; WATER-QUALITY; TROPICAL SEAGRASS; NATIONAL-PARK; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE AB Rising sea levels and temperature will be dominant drivers of coastal Everglades' foundation communities (i.e., mangrove forests, seagrass/macroalgae, and coral reefs) by 2060 based on a climate change scenario of +1.5 A degrees C temperature, +1.5 foot (46 cm) in sea level, +/- 10 % in precipitation and 490 ppm CO2. Current mangrove forest soil elevation change in South Florida ranges from 0.9 to 2.5 mm year(-1) and would have to increase twofold to fourfold in order to accommodate a 2060 sea level rise rate. No evidence is available to indicate that coastal mangroves from South Florida and the wider Caribbean can keep pace with a rapid rate of sea level rise. Thus, particles and nutrients from destabilized coastlines could be mobilized and impact benthic habitats of southern Florida. Uncertainties in regional geomorphology and coastal current changes under higher sea levels make this prediction tentative without further research. The 2060 higher temperature scenario would compromise Florida's coral reefs that are already degraded. We suggest that a new paradigm is needed for resource management under climate change that manages coastlines for resilience to marine transgression and promotes active ecosystem management. In the case of the Everglades, greater freshwater flows could maximize mangrove peat accumulation, stabilize coastlines, and limit saltwater intrusion, while specific coral species may require propagation. Further, we suggest that regional climate drivers and oceanographic processes be incorporated into Everglades and South Florida management plans, as they are likely to impact coastal ecosystems, interior freshwater wetlands and urban coastlines over the next few decades. C1 [Koch, M. S.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Coronado, C.; Sklar, F. H.] South Florida Water Management Dist, Everglades Syst Assessment, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA. [Miller, M. W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Div, Benth Ecosyst Assessment & Res, NOAA, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Rudnick, D. T.; Stabenau, E.] South Florida Nat Resources Ctr, Homestead, FL 33030 USA. [Halley, R. B.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Koch, MS (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 777 Glades Rd, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. EM mkoch@fau.edu OI Stabenau, Erik/0000-0002-6574-9317 FU FAU; USGS; Florida Sea Grant FX We are appreciative of Drs. Haven, Best, Aumen and Berry, and the other members of the steering committee, and their respective institutions (United States Geological Survey, Florida Sea Grant, National Park Service, South Florida Water Management District, US Army Corps of Engineers, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Florida State University, Florida Atlantic University) for their efforts in organizing the "Predicting Ecological Changes in the Florida Everglades in a Future Climate Scenario-2060'' workshop held at FAU in Boca Raton, Florida, February 14-15, 2013. At a follow-up workshop on management considerations (April 2014 at FAU) data needs were articulated by a coastal working group (Joan Browder, Peter Ortner, Billy Causey, Bob Glazer, Diego Lirman, Chris Kelble, Mingshun Jiang, Lynn Wingard, Marguerite Koch, Karen Johnson-Young) and incorporated into the manuscript. We appreciate Pamela Fletcher's (Sea Grant and National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration) assistance on graphics and editing of Figure 1. Sponsors of the workshop are also recognized: FAU, USGS, and Florida Sea Grant. We are grateful to Lynn Wingard (USGS), Peter Ortner (RSMAS) and anonymous reviewers for their time and effort in significantly improving earlier versions of the manuscript. Mangrove SET data from southwest coast of the South Florida peninsula was kindly provided by Tom Smith (USGS). NR 123 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 13 U2 82 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2015 VL 55 IS 4 BP 857 EP 875 DI 10.1007/s00267-014-0375-y PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE4ZD UT WOS:000351838300009 PM 25312295 ER PT J AU White, RM Keller, RR AF White, Ryan M. Keller, Robert R. TI Restoration of firearm serial numbers with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Firearm; Serial number; EBSD ID PATTERNS AB Firearm serial numbers are a critical identifying mark, and restoration of destroyed serial numbers is often crucial for prosecution of a criminal case. A method is presented utilizing electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) which allows for clear visualization of die-stamped imprints which have been completely polished away. Evidence of the stamp can be observed to a depth of approximately 760 mu m below the surface. With further development, the described method is capable of reconstructing an 8 character serial number in approximately 1 h. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [White, Ryan M.; Keller, Robert R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP White, RM (reprint author), NIST, MS647, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ryan.white@nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 EI 1872-6283 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD APR PY 2015 VL 249 BP 266 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.02.003 PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA CE6LG UT WOS:000351947300041 PM 25747326 ER PT J AU Livneh, B Deems, JS Buma, B Barsugli, JJ Schneider, D Molotch, NP Wolter, K Wessman, CA AF Livneh, Ben Deems, Jeffrey S. Buma, Brian Barsugli, Joseph J. Schneider, Dominik Molotch, Noah P. Wolter, K. Wessman, Carol A. TI Catchment response to bark beetle outbreak and dust-on-snow in the Colorado Rocky Mountains SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Forest disturbance; Catchment hydrology; Bark beetle; Dust on snow; Hydrologic modeling ID RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGERY; PINE-BEETLE; WATER YIELD; VEGETATION MODEL; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; COMPLEX TERRAIN; UNITED-STATES; FOREST; HYDROLOGY; INFESTATION AB Since 2002, the headwaters of the Colorado River and nearby basins have experienced extensive changes in land cover at sub-annual timescales. Widespread tree mortality from bark beetle infestation has taken place across a range of forest types, elevation, and latitude. Extent and severity of forest structure alteration have been observed through a combination of aerial survey, satellite remote-sensing, and in situ measurements. Additional perturbations have resulted from deposition of dust from regional dry-land sources on mountain snowpacks that strongly alter the snow surface albedo, driving earlier and faster snowmelt runoff. One challenge facing past studies of these forms of disturbance is the relatively small magnitude of the disturbance signals within the larger climatic signal. The combined impacts of forest disturbance and dust-on-snow are explored within a hydrologic modeling framework. We drive the Distributed Hydrology Soil and Vegetation Model (DHSVM) with observed meteorological data, time-varying maps of leaf area index and forest properties to emulate bark beetle impacts, and parameterizations of snow albedo based on observations of dust forcing. Results from beetle-killed canopy alteration suggest slightly greater snow accumulation as a result of less interception and reduced canopy sublimation and evapotranspiration, contributing to overall increases in annual water yield between 8% and 13%. However, understory regeneration roughly halves the changes in water yield. A purely observation-based estimate of runoff coefficient change with cumulative forest mortality shows comparable sensitivities to simulated results; however, positive water yield changes are not statistically significant (p <= 0.05). The primary hydrologic impact of dust-on-snow forcing is an increased rate of snowmelt associated with more extreme dust deposition, producing earlier peak streamflow rates on the order of 1-3 weeks. Simulations of combined bark beetle and dust-on-snow produced little compounding effects, due to the relatively exclusive nature of their impacts. Potential changes in water yield and peak streamflow timing have important implications for regional water management decisions. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Livneh, Ben; Deems, Jeffrey S.; Barsugli, Joseph J.; Wessman, Carol A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Livneh, Ben; Deems, Jeffrey S.; Barsugli, Joseph J.; Wessman, Carol A.] Univ Colorado, WWA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Deems, Jeffrey S.] Univ Colorado, NSIDC, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Buma, Brian] Univ Alaska Southeast, Dept Nat Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Barsugli, Joseph J.; Wolter, K.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schneider, Dominik; Molotch, Noah P.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res INSTAAR, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Molotch, Noah P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Livneh, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ben.livneh@colorado.edu RI Livneh, Ben/I-2939-2015; Barsugli, Joseph/K-3541-2015; Molotch, Noah/C-8576-2009; Schneider, Dominik/O-7396-2016; Deems, Jeffrey/E-6484-2016; OI Barsugli, Joseph/0000-0002-3078-6396; Schneider, Dominik/0000-0002-5846-5033; Deems, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3265-8670; LIVNEH, BEN/0000-0001-5445-2473 FU NOAA Climate Program Office through the Western Water Assessment RISA at CIRES, University of Colorado-Boulder FX We would like to acknowledge Leanne Lestak for her GIS assistance. This research was funded by the NOAA Climate Program Office through the Western Water Assessment RISA at CIRES, University of Colorado-Boulder. The data used in this analysis can be obtained by contacting the corresponding author directly. NR 78 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 523 BP 196 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.01.039 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CE6TS UT WOS:000351971700019 ER PT J AU Paul, RL Sahin, D Cook, JC Brocker, C Lindstrom, RM O'Kelly, DJ AF Paul, Rick L. Sahin, Dagistan Cook, Jeremy C. Brocker, Christoph Lindstrom, Richard M. O'Kelly, Donna J. TI NGD cold-neutron prompt gamma-ray activation analysis spectrometer at NIST SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Prompt gamma-ray activation analysis; Neutron guides; Radiochemistry; Nuclear instruments AB A new instrument for cold neutron prompt gamma-ray activation analysis is being designed as part of the recent expansion of the cold neutron guide hall at the NIST Center for Neutron Research. This instrument has a 10-fold increase in neutron flux and lower gamma-ray and neutron background compared to the PGAA instrument it will replace at NG7. Monte Carlo based simulation sofware and experimental setups are used in the design phase to mitigate background while preserving high neutron fluence. The new instrument will also provide more space for samples and for experimental setup compared to the old facility. C1 [Paul, Rick L.; Sahin, Dagistan; Lindstrom, Richard M.; O'Kelly, Donna J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cook, Jeremy C.; Brocker, Christoph] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Paul, RL (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rick.paul@nist.gov NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD APR PY 2015 VL 304 IS 1 BP 189 EP 193 DI 10.1007/s10967-014-3635-7 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CE3UP UT WOS:000351755200030 ER PT J AU Bony, S Stevens, B Frierson, DMW Jakob, C Kageyama, M Pincus, R Shepherd, TG Sherwood, SC Siebesma, AP Sobel, AH Watanabe, M Webb, MJ AF Bony, Sandrine Stevens, Bjorn Frierson, Dargan M. W. Jakob, Christian Kageyama, Masa Pincus, Robert Shepherd, Theodore G. Sherwood, Steven C. Siebesma, A. Pier Sobel, Adam H. Watanabe, Masahiro Webb, Mark J. TI Clouds, circulation and climate sensitivity SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; SELF-AGGREGATION; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; PHYSICAL-MECHANISMS; CONVECTION; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; FEEDBACKS; RADIATION; CMIP5 AB Fundamental puzzles of climate science remain unsolved because of our limited understanding of how clouds, circulation and climate interact. One example is our inability to provide robust assessments of future global and regional climate changes. However, ongoing advances in our capacity to observe, simulate and conceptualize the climate system now make it possible to fill gaps in our knowledge. We argue that progress can be accelerated by focusing research on a handful of important scientific questions that have become tractable as a result of recent advances. We propose four such questions below; they involve understanding the role of cloud feedbacks and convective organization in climate, and the factors that control the position, the strength and the variability of the tropical rain belts and the extratropical storm tracks. C1 [Bony, Sandrine] Univ Paris 06, LMD IPSL, CNRS, UMR 8539, F-75252 Paris, France. [Stevens, Bjorn] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Frierson, Dargan M. W.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Jakob, Christian] Monash Univ, Sch Math Sci, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [Kageyama, Masa] CEA CNRS UVSQ, LSCE IPSL, UMR 8212, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Pincus, Robert] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pincus, Robert] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shepherd, Theodore G.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. [Sherwood, Steven C.] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Sherwood, Steven C.] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Siebesma, A. Pier] KNMI, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Sobel, Adam H.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Watanabe, Masahiro] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Chiba 2778568, Japan. [Webb, Mark J.] Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. RP Bony, S (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, LMD IPSL, CNRS, UMR 8539, 4 Pl Jussieu,Mail Box 99, F-75252 Paris, France. EM bony@lmd.jussieu.fr RI Stevens, Bjorn/A-1757-2013; Pincus, Robert/B-1723-2013; KAGEYAMA, Masa/F-2389-2010; Sobel, Adam/K-4014-2015; Sherwood, Steven/B-5673-2008; Frierson, Dargan/F-1763-2010; Jakob, Christian/A-1082-2010; OI Stevens, Bjorn/0000-0003-3795-0475; Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470; KAGEYAMA, Masa/0000-0003-0822-5880; Sobel, Adam/0000-0003-3602-0567; Sherwood, Steven/0000-0001-7420-8216; Frierson, Dargan/0000-0001-8952-5644; Jakob, Christian/0000-0002-5012-3207; Bony, Sandrine/0000-0002-4791-4438 FU LABEX L-IPSL; Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science; Joint UK DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101] FX This paper was developed as part of the Grand Challenge on Clouds, Circulation and Climate Sensitivity of the World Climate Research Programme. The process of identifying a handful of key scientific questions culminated in a workshop whose participants are gratefully acknowledged: D. Abbot, P. Bauer, M. Biasutti, H. Douville, J-L. Dufresne, A. Del Genio, K. Emanuel, Q. Fu, J. Hargreaves, S. Harrison, I. Held, C. Hohenegger, B. Hoskins, S. Kang, H. Kawai, S. A. Klein, N. Loeb, T. Mauritsen, B. Mapes, M. Miller, C. Muller, C. Prentice, C. Risi, M. Satoh, C. Schumacher, B. Wielicki, M. Yoshimori and P. Zuidema. We thank the German Weather Service, PMIP, EUMETSAT and NASA for data. M. Doutriaux-Boucher (EUMETSAT) provided the satellite products used in Fig. 2a and b. S.B. and B.S. acknowledge support from the LABEX L-IPSL and the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science. M.J.W. was supported by the Joint UK DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). NR 50 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 16 U2 85 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD APR PY 2015 VL 8 IS 4 BP 261 EP 268 DI 10.1038/NGEO2398 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CE8HK UT WOS:000352082300014 ER PT J AU Bowman, WJ Zhu, JT Sharma, R Crozier, PA AF Bowman, William J. Zhu, Jiangtao Sharma, Renu Crozier, Peter A. TI Electrical conductivity and grain boundary composition of Gd-doped and Gd/Pr co-doped ceria SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article DE Doped ceria; Spray drying; Impedance spectroscopy; Grain boundary; Scanning transmission electron microscopy; Electron energy-loss spectroscopy ID ELECTROLYTE MATERIALS; HIGH-PURITY; CERAMICS AB We characterize electrical conductivity, microstructure, nano-scale grain boundary structure and chemistry of ceria electrolytes with nominal compositions of Gd0.2Ce0.8O2-delta (GDC) and Gd0.11Pr0.04Ce0.85O2-delta (GPDC).The electrolytes are fabricated using mixed oxide nanopowders synthesized by spray drying. AC impedance spectroscopy was performed from 150 degrees C to 700 degrees C in air to determine grain-interior electrical conductivity. Grain-boundary conductivity was determined below 300 degrees C. The grain-interior conductivity of the GPDC was higher than that of GDC by as much as 10 times, depending on the temperature. The GPDC specific grain-boundary conductivity was measured to be approximately 100 times higher than that of GDC. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) confirmed the grain-to-grain compositional uniformity of both materials following heat treatments. Grain boundaries were free of glassy intergranular phases; dopant concentration and Ce oxidation state were found to vary significantly near grain boundaries. Boundary core composition was estimated from STEM EELS to be Gd0.62Ce0.38O2-delta, and Gd0.29Pr0.16Ce0.55O2-delta in GDC and GPDC, respectively. Pr segregation to grain boundaries in the GPDC is hypothesized to enhance conductivity by both decreasing oxygen vacancy migration energy, and inducing mixed ionic-electronic conductivity in the near-boundary region. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bowman, William J.; Zhu, Jiangtao; Crozier, Peter A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Sharma, Renu] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Crozier, PA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM wjbowman@asu.edu; renu.sharma@nist.gov; crozier@asu.edu FU National Science Foundation [DGE-1311230]; NSF [DMR-1308085] FX The authors wish to thank the Fulton Undergraduate Research Initiative at Arizona State University, the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship, Arizona State University's Doctoral Enrichment Fellowship, and the National Science Foundation's Graduate Research Fellowship Program for their gracious support without which this work would not have been possible. We also gratefully acknowledge the staff that assisted this work, as well as the use of facilities in the LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science and the John M. Cowley Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy at Arizona State University. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No. DGE-1311230, and NSF DMR-1308085. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 EI 1872-7689 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD APR PY 2015 VL 272 BP 9 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.ssi.2014.12.006 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA CE4KP UT WOS:000351799800002 ER PT J AU Wang, LL Gao, Z Miao, SG Guo, XF Sun, T Liu, MF Li, D AF Wang Linlin Gao Zhiqiu Miao Shiguang Guo Xiaofeng Sun Ting Liu, Maofeng Li, Dan TI Contrasting Characteristics of the Surface Energy Balance between the Urban and Rural Areas of Beijing SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE aerosol load; cloud; evapotranspiration; surface energy balance; urbanization ID HEAT-ISLAND; OPTICAL DEPTH; AEROSOLS; CITIES; WIND; CITY; TURBULENCE; MODEL; FLUX; FLOW AB A direct comparison of urban and rural surface energy balances, as well as a variety of other variables including incoming shortwave/longwave radiation and aerosol optical depth, is conducted for the Beijing metropolitan area. The results indicate that, overall, the urban area receives a smaller amount of incoming shortwave radiation but a larger amount of incoming longwave radiation. However, comparisons in the aerosol optical depth and cloud fraction at the two locations suggest that neither aerosol optical depth nor cloud fraction alone can explain the difference in the incoming shortwave radiation. The urban-rural differences in the incoming longwave radiation are unlikely to be caused by the presence of more abundant greenhouse gases over the urban area, as suggested by some previous studies, given that water vapor is the most dominant greenhouse gas and precipitable water is found to be less in urban areas. The higher incoming longwave radiation observed over the urban area is mostly likely due to the higher temperatures of the ambient air. The urban area is also found to always produce higher sensible heat fluxes and lower latent heat fluxes in the growing season. Furthermore, the urban area is associated with a larger amount of available energy (the sum of sensible and latent heat fluxes) than the rural area, except in May and October when evapotranspiration in the rural area significantly exceeds that in the urban area. This study provides observational evidence of urban-rural contrasts in relevant energy-balance components that plausibly arise from urban-rural differences in atmospheric and land-surface conditions. C1 [Wang Linlin; Gao Zhiqiu; Guo Xiaofeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Wang Linlin] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Miao Shiguang] China Meteorol Adm, Inst Urban Meteorol, Beijing 100089, Peoples R China. [Sun Ting] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Liu, Maofeng] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Li, Dan] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Gao, Z (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM zgao@mail.iap.ac.cn RI Li, Dan /G-5794-2015; Sun, Ting/A-3388-2013 OI Sun, Ting/0000-0002-2486-6146 FU National Key Basic Research Program [2010CB428502, 2012CB417203]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41405018, 41275022]; China Meteorological Administration [GYHY201006024]; CAS Strategic Priority Research Program [XDA05110101]; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences [LAPC-KF-2009-02] FX This study was supported by the National Key Basic Research Program (Grant Nos. 2010CB428502 and 2012CB417203), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41405018 and 41275022), the China Meteorological Administration (Grant No. GYHY201006024), and the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program (Grant No. XDA05110101). We acknowledge CHEN Hongbin (Chinese Academy of Sciences) and P. GOLOUB (Universite Lille 1) as co-PIs and Service d'Observation PHOTONS/AERONET from INSU/CNRS for maintaining and calibrating the AERONET instruments. Our special thanks go to Prof. XIA Xiangao for providing the radiation flux data for the Xianghe site. GUO Xiaofeng acknowledges the support of the State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. LAPC-KF-2009-02). NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 28 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 EI 1861-9533 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD APR PY 2015 VL 32 IS 4 BP 505 EP 514 DI 10.1007/s00376-014-3222-4 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CD9XH UT WOS:000351453200007 ER PT J AU Sebby, KB Mansfield, E AF Sebby, K. B. Mansfield, E. TI Determination of the surface density of polyethylene glycol on gold nanoparticles by use of microscale thermogravimetric analysis SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Nanoparticle; Thermal analysis; Fluorescence ID DRUG-DELIVERY; THIOCTIC ACID; IN-VIVO; DNA; CELLS; MONOLAYERS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; OPPORTUNITIES; NANOMEDICINE; STRATEGIES AB The widespread integration of nanoparticle technologies into biomedicine will depend on the ability to repeatedly create particles with well-defined properties and predictable behaviors. For this to happen, fast, reliable, inexpensive, and widely available techniques to characterize nanomaterials are needed. Characterization of the surface molecules is particularly important since the surface, including the surface molecule density, plays a dominant role in determining how nanoparticles interact with their surroundings. Here, 10 and 30 nm gold nanoparticle NIST Standard Reference Materials were functionalized with fluorescently labeled polyethylene glycol (PEG) with either thiolate or lipoic acid anchoring groups to evaluate analytical techniques for determining surface coverage. The coating of the nanoparticles was confirmed with dynamic light scattering, microscale thermogravimetric analysis (mu-TGA), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. A UV-vis method for determining gold nanoparticle concentrations that takes into account spectral broadening upon functionalization was developed. The amount of bound PEG was quantified with mu-TGA, a technique analogous to thermogravimetric analysis that uses quartz crystal microbalances, and fluorescence spectroscopy of displaced ligands. It is shown that mu-TGA is a convenient technique for the quantification of ligands bound to inorganic particles while sacrificing a minimal amount of sample, and the treatment of the functionalized nanoparticle dispersions with dithiothreitol may be insufficient to achieve complete displacement of the surface ligands for quantification by fluorescence measurements. The mu-TGA and fluorescence results were used to determine ligand footprint sizes-average areas occupied by each ligand on the particles' surface. The lipoic acid bound ligands had footprint sizes of 0.21 and 0.25 nm(2) on 10 and 30 nm particles, respectively while the thiolate ligands had footprint sizes of 0.085 and 0.18 nm(2). C1 [Sebby, K. B.; Mansfield, E.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Mansfield, E (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM elisabeth.mansfield@nist.gov OI Sebby, Karl/0000-0001-6022-9825 FU NRC Research Associateship Program FX Karl Sebby gratefully acknowledges the NRC Research Associateship Program for funding. NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 47 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD APR PY 2015 VL 407 IS 10 BP 2913 EP 2922 DI 10.1007/s00216-015-8520-x PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA CE0QQ UT WOS:000351509900024 PM 25701417 ER PT J AU Chen, MY Kumar, A Wang, WQ AF Chen, Mingyue Kumar, Arun Wang, Wanqiu TI A study of the predictability of sea surface temperature over the tropics SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Climate variability over tropics; Seasonal mean predictability; Sea surface Temperature ID ATMOSPHERIC BRIDGE; INDIAN-OCEAN; VERSION 2; ENSO; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATIONS; VARIABILITY; FORECASTS; IMPACTS AB In this study, reasons for spatial variability in prediction skill of seasonal mean sea surface temperature (SST) are investigated. The analysis explores the connection between the spatial variation of SST prediction skill in tropical latitudes and local simultaneous correlation between observed SST and precipitation (SST-P). The results show that high (low) SST prediction skills and slow (fast) decay in skill with lead time are generally collocated with large positive (weakly positive or negative) SST-P correlations. The reasons for spatial variation in SST-P correlation can be explained by whether the primary forcing is from the ocean to the atmosphere or vice versa. Over regions where the ocean is generally known to force the atmosphere, it is found that SST-P correlation has large positive values. Over regions where the atmosphere forces ocean, SST-P correlation is weak due to intrinsically unpredictable nature of atmospheric variability. The physical explanation for spatial variation in SST-P correlation, and apparent link between the spatial variations in SST-P correlation and spatial variations in skill of SST predictions also establishes a physical basis for the latter. As a corollary, low SST prediction skill in coupled forecast models over certain geographical regions may be due to the inherent limits on predictability in addition to the contribution from model biases or initialization errors. C1 [Chen, Mingyue; Kumar, Arun; Wang, Wanqiu] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Chen, MY (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, RM 3011,W-NP52,5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Mingyue.Chen@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD APR PY 2015 VL 44 IS 7-8 BP 1767 EP 1776 DI 10.1007/s00382-014-2187-4 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CD9YS UT WOS:000351458300003 ER PT J AU Muller, WA Matei, D Bersch, M Jungclaus, JH Haak, H Lohmann, K Compo, GP Sardeshmukh, PD Marotzke, J AF Mueller, W. A. Matei, D. Bersch, M. Jungclaus, J. H. Haak, H. Lohmann, K. Compo, G. P. Sardeshmukh, P. D. Marotzke, J. TI A twentieth-century reanalysis forced ocean model to reconstruct the North Atlantic climate variation during the 1920s SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Climate variability; Ocean state reconstruction; North Atlantic 1920s warming ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; DATA ASSIMILATION; SEA-ICE; MULTIDECADAL VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; SALINITY; GREENLAND; MECHANISM; PROJECT; SHIFT AB The observed North Atlantic multi-decadal variability for the period 1872-2009 is reconstructed with the Max Planck Institute ocean model, which is forced with an ensemble of the atmospheric twentieth century reanalysis. Special emphasis is put on the early part of the experiments, which includes a prominent climate variation during the 1920s. The experiments are in agreement with selected hydrographic records, indicating a transition from cold and fresh North Atlantic water properties, prior to the 1920 climate variation, towards warm and saline waters afterwards. Examining the variation reveals that sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies prior to the 1900s resemble a negative phase of North Atlantic Oscillation and associated weak winds result in a weak North Atlantic Current (NAC) and sub-polar gyre (SPG). This leads to a reduced transport of warm and saline waters into the higher latitudes. Simultaneously, Arctic freshwater release results in the accumulation of cold and fresh water properties, which cover the upper layers in the Labrador Sea and subsequently suppress convection. From the 1910s, the Arctic freshwater export is reduced, and, NAC and SPG are strengthened as a result of an increased SLP gradient over the North Atlantic. Concurrently, Labrador Sea convection and Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) increase. The intensified NAC, SPG, and AMOC redistribute sub-tropical water into the North Atlantic and Nordic Seas, thereby increasing observed and modelled temperature and salinity during the 1920s. C1 [Mueller, W. A.; Matei, D.; Jungclaus, J. H.; Haak, H.; Lohmann, K.; Marotzke, J.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Bersch, M.] Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. [Compo, G. P.; Sardeshmukh, P. D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Compo, G. P.; Sardeshmukh, P. D.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Muller, WA (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 53, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. EM wolfgang.mueller@mpimet.mpg.de OI COMPO, GILBERT/0000-0001-5199-9633 FU German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under the MiKlip [MultiClip 01LP1158A, DroughtClip 01LP1145A]; RACE; German Science Foundation (DFG); Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy; NOAA Climate Program Office; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX We thank the German Computing Centre (DKRZ) for the provision of computing resources. This research was supported by the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under the MiKlip (MultiClip 01LP1158A, DroughtClip 01LP1145A) and RACE projects and by the German Science Foundation (DFG) funded project CliSAP. G.P. Compo is supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy and the NOAA Climate Program Office. The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center and the NERSC Science Gateway managed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and of the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which are supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725, respectively. Support for the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project dataset is provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (DOE INCITE) program, and Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office. We further thank Sabine Kummerle and Davide Zanchettin for useful suggestions and Thorben Schmith for the provision of the freshwater reconstructions. Special thanks is addressed to Jeffrey Whittaker for assistance providing the Twentieth Century Reanalysis data. NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD APR PY 2015 VL 44 IS 7-8 BP 1935 EP 1955 DI 10.1007/s00382-014-2267-5 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CD9YS UT WOS:000351458300014 ER PT J AU Yun, KS Ha, KJ Yeh, SW Wang, B Xiang, BQ AF Yun, Kyung-Sook Ha, Kyung-Ja Yeh, Sang-Wook Wang, Bin Xiang, Baoqiang TI Critical role of boreal summer North Pacific subtropical highs in ENSO transition SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Fast El Nino transition; QB-type ENSO; Western North Pacific subtropical high; North Pacific subtropical high; Tropics-midlatitudes coupled system ID TROPOSPHERIC BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; SOUTH ASIAN MONSOON; EL-NINO; TROPICAL PACIFIC; INDIAN-OCEAN; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; REANALYSIS; SYSTEM; IMPACT AB The quasi-biennial (QB)-type El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), showing a fast phase transition from El Nino to La Nina, is closely related to the variability of the North Pacific subtropical high (NPSH) and western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) during summer. Here, we show that the NPSH plays a key role in the fast ENSO transition. The QB-type ENSO is associated with both strengthened WNPSH and NPSH during the boreal summer. By contrast, the low-frequency-type ENSO, which occurs in a typical period of 3-7 years, displays an enhanced WNPSH but weakened NPSH. The stronger El Nino tends to generate a more intensified WNPSH from spring to summer, leading to the initial decay of El Nino via the modulation of easterly wind in the western Pacific. On the contrary, the NPSH has greater linkage with the decaying El Nino process after the boreal summer. Therefore, the coupled pattern of WNPSH-NPSH is important in changing ENSO phase from El Nino to La Nina. The NPSH causes sea surface temperature cooling over the subtropical Northeastern Pacific. The resultant subtropical cooling induces anomalous anticyclone west of the reduced heating, which generates the strengthening of trade winds south of the anticyclone. Consequently, this process contributes to tropical central Pacific cooling and the rapid transition of El Nino to La Nina. This study hints that the QB-type ENSO could be significantly linked to a tropics-midlatitudes coupled system such as an in-phase pattern between WNPSH and NPSH. The results are useful for improvement of ENSO prediction. C1 [Yun, Kyung-Sook; Ha, Kyung-Ja] Pusan Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Div Earth Environm Syst, Dept Atmospher Sci, Pusan, South Korea. [Yeh, Sang-Wook] Hanyang Univ, Dept Marine Sci & Convergent Technol, ERICA, Ansan, South Korea. [Xiang, Baoqiang] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI USA. [Wang, Bin] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Xiang, Baoqiang] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ha, KJ (reprint author), Pusan Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Div Earth Environm Syst, Dept Atmospher Sci, Pusan, South Korea. EM kjha@pusan.ac.kr FU GRL grant of the National Research Foundation (NRF) - Korean Government [MEST 2011-0021927]; NOAA MAPP Program [NA12OAR4310075]; Brain Korea 21 Plus Project in Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology of Hanyang University FX This study was financially supported by GRL grant of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Korean Government (MEST 2011-0021927). B. Xiang was partly supported by NOAA MAPP Program under Awards NA12OAR4310075. S.-W. Yeh is supported by the Brain Korea 21 Plus Project in Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology of Hanyang University. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD APR PY 2015 VL 44 IS 7-8 BP 1979 EP 1992 DI 10.1007/s00382-014-2193-6 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CD9YS UT WOS:000351458300016 ER PT J AU Joseph, S Sahai, AK Sharmila, S Abhilash, S Borah, N Chattopadhyay, R Pillai, PA Rajeevan, M Kumar, A AF Joseph, Susmitha Sahai, A. K. Sharmila, S. Abhilash, S. Borah, N. Chattopadhyay, R. Pillai, P. A. Rajeevan, M. Kumar, Arun TI North Indian heavy rainfall event during June 2013: diagnostics and extended range prediction SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Indian summer monsoon; Extreme events; Ensemble prediction system; Climate forecast system model ID KEDARNATH DISASTER; SYSTEM; SEASON AB The Indian summer monsoon of 2013 covered the entire country by 16 June, one month earlier than its normal date. Around that period, heavy rainfall was experienced in the north Indian state of Uttarakhand, which is situated on the southern slope of Himalayan Ranges. The heavy rainfall and associated landslides caused serious damages and claimed many lives. This study investigates the scientific rationale behind the incidence of the extreme rainfall event in the backdrop of large scale monsoon environment. It is found that a monsoonal low pressure system that provided increased low level convergence and abundant moisture, and a midlatitude westerly trough that generated strong upper level divergence, interacted with each other and helped monsoon to cover the entire country and facilitated the occurrence of the heavy rainfall event in the orographic region. The study also examines the skill of an ensemble prediction system (EPS) in predicting the Uttarakhand event on extended range time scale. The EPS is implemented on both high (T382) and low (T126) resolution versions of the coupled general circulation model CFSv2. Although the models predicted the event 10-12 days in advance, they failed to predict the midlatitude influence on the event. Possible reasons for the same are also discussed. In both resolutions of the model, the event was triggered by the generation and northwestward movement of a low pressure system developed over the Bay of Bengal. The study advocates the usefulness of high resolution models in predicting extreme events. C1 [Joseph, Susmitha; Sahai, A. K.; Sharmila, S.; Abhilash, S.; Borah, N.; Chattopadhyay, R.; Pillai, P. A.] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. [Rajeevan, M.] Minist Earth Sci, Earth Syst Sci Org, New Delhi, India. [Kumar, Arun] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Sahai, AK (reprint author), Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Dr Homi Bhabha Rd, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. EM sahai@tropmet.res.in RI Sharmila, S./O-5615-2015; OI Sharmila, S./0000-0001-8102-2356; Sahai, Atul Kumar/0000-0002-2917-1802; BORAH, NABANITA/0000-0003-1072-1306; Joseph, Susmitha/0000-0003-4756-9854; RAJEEVAN, Madhavan/0000-0002-3000-2459 FU Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India; CSIR FX IITM is fully supported by Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India. We are thankful to Prof. B. N. Goswami, Director, IITM for his encouragement and support. SS is grateful to CSIR for financial assistance. The authors thank Dr. D. R. Sikka and Dr. J. R. Kulkarni for useful discussions and valuable comments. Authors are grateful to the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable, insightful and constructive comments. The model runs are carried out on Prithvi IBM High Performance Computing System installed at IITM, Pune. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD APR PY 2015 VL 44 IS 7-8 BP 2049 EP 2065 DI 10.1007/s00382-014-2291-5 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CD9YS UT WOS:000351458300020 ER PT J AU Rose, RA Byler, D Eastman, JR Fleishman, E Geller, G Goetz, S Guild, L Hamilton, H Hansen, M Headley, R Hewson, J Horning, N Kaplin, BA Laporte, N Leidner, A Leinagruber, P Morisette, J Musinsky, J Pintea, L Prados, A Radeloff, VC Rowen, M Saatchi, S Schil, S Tabor, K Turner, W Vodacek, A Vogelnaann, J Wegmann, M Wilkie, D AF Rose, Robert A. Byler, Dirck Eastman, J. Ron Fleishman, Erica Geller, Gary Goetz, Scott Guild, Liane Hamilton, Healy Hansen, Matt Headley, Rachel Hewson, Jennifer Horning, Ned Kaplin, Beth A. Laporte, Nadine Leidner, Allison Leinagruber, Peter Morisette, Jeffrey Musinsky, John Pintea, Lilian Prados, Ana Radeloff, Volker C. Rowen, Mary Saatchi, Sassan Schil, Steve Tabor, Karyn Turner, Woody Vodacek, Anthony Vogelnaann, James Wegmann, Martin Wilkie, David TI Ten ways remote sensing can contribute to conservation SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE applied research; biodiversity; priority setting; remote sensing ID PROTECTED AREAS; GOLDEN EAGLES; MIGRATION; HABITAT; QUESTIONS; DIVERSITY; PAYMENTS; SERVICES; IMPACTS; SCIENCE AB In an effort to increase conservation effectiveness through the use of Earth observation technologies, a group of remote sensing scientists affiliated with government and academic institutions and conservation organizations identified 10 questions in conservation for which the potential to be answered would be greatly increased by use of remotely sensed data and analyses of those data. Our goals were to increase conservation practitioners' use of remote sensing to support their work, increase collaboration between the conservation science and remote sensing communities, identify and develop new and innovative uses of remote sensing for advancing conservation science, provide guidance to space agencies on how future satellite missions can support conservation science, and generate support from the public and private sector in the use of remote sensing data to address the 10 conservation questions. We identified a broad initial list of questions on the basis of an email chain-referral survey. We then used a workshop-based iterative and collaborative approach to whittle the list down to these final questions (which represent 10 major themes in conservation): How can global Earth observation data be used to model species distributions and abundances? How can remote sensing improve the understanding of animal movements? How can remotely sensed ecosystem variables be used to understand, monitor, and predict ecosystem response and resilience to multiple stressors? How can remote sensing be used to monitor the effects of climate on ecosystems? How can near real-time ecosystem monitoring catalyze threat reduction, governance and regulation compliance, and resource management decisions? How can remote sensing inform configuration of protected area networks at spatial extents relevant to populations of target species and ecosystem services? How can remote sensing-derived products be used to value and monitor changes in ecosystem services? How can remote sensing be used to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of conservation efforts? How does the expansion and intensification of agriculture and aquaculture alter ecosystems and the services they provide? How can remote sensing be used to determine the degree to which ecosystems are being disturbed or degraded and the effects of these changes on species and ecosystem functions? C1 [Rose, Robert A.; Wilkie, David] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Conservat Support, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Byler, Dirck] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Int Affairs, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Eastman, J. Ron] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Fleishman, Erica] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Geller, Gary] CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Goetz, Scott; Laporte, Nadine] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Guild, Liane] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Hamilton, Healy] NatureServe, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Hansen, Matt] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Headley, Rachel] US Geol Survey, Sci Support Landsat Project, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Hewson, Jennifer; Tabor, Karyn] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Horning, Ned] Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Kaplin, Beth A.] Antioch Univ New England, Dept Environm Studies, Keene, NH 03431 USA. [Leidner, Allison] Univ Space Res Assoc, NASA Earth Sci Div, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Leinagruber, Peter] Conservat Ecol Ctr, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Morisette, Jeffrey] US Geol Survey, North Cent Climate Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Musinsky, John] Natl Ecol Observ Network, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Pintea, Lilian] Jane Goodall Inst, Vienna, VA 22182 USA. [Prados, Ana] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol JCET, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Radeloff, Volker C.] Univ Wisconsin, SILVIS Lab, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Rowen, Mary] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20541 USA. [Saatchi, Sassan] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Schil, Steve] Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Turner, Woody] NASA, Div Earth Sci, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Vodacek, Anthony] Rochester Inst Technol, Chester F Carlson Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Vogelnaann, James] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wegmann, Martin] Univ Wurzburg, Dept Remote Sensing, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. NOAA, Div Environm Res, NMFS, SWFSC, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Rose, RA (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, Conservat Support, 2300 Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. EM rrose@wcs.org RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016; Leimgruber, Peter/O-1304-2015; Vodacek, Anthony/F-1585-2011; Goetz, Scott/A-3393-2015; OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X; Leimgruber, Peter/0000-0002-3682-0153; Vodacek, Anthony/0000-0001-9196-0928; Goetz, Scott/0000-0002-6326-4308; Wegmann, Martin/0000-0003-0335-9601; Geller, Gary/0000-0002-4490-6002; Vogelmann, James/0000-0002-0804-5823 FU NASA Earth Sciences Division [NNX12AP70G]; NASA FX We thank L. Choo from WCS for the logistical assistance provided and NASA Earth Sciences Division for their support through grant NNX12AP70G. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The research described in this article was in part carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the NASA. Government sponsorship acknowledged. NR 46 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 16 U2 126 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 29 IS 2 BP 350 EP 359 DI 10.1111/cobi.12397 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CD8NY UT WOS:000351353400006 PM 25319024 ER PT J AU Winans, GA Gayeski, N Timmins-Schiffman, E AF Winans, Gary A. Gayeski, Nick Timmins-Schiffman, Emma TI All dam-affected trout populations are not alike: fine scale geographic variability in resident rainbow trout in Icicle Creek, WA, USA SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Rainbow trout; Population structure; Conservation; Genetic divergence; Barriers ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS POPULATIONS; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; LOCAL ADAPTATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; BROWN TROUT; RIVER-BASIN; ECOTYPIC DIFFERENTIATION; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB Recognizing the genetic diversity within and among collections of allopatric rainbow trout is an important step in understanding and monitoring the dynamics of the metapopulation structure of a species like Oncorhynchus mykiss with resident and anadromous life history forms. Prior to the removal of a barrier and the recolonization of Icicle Creek with anadromous steelhead, we report the degree to which collections of above-barrier resident rainbow trout from 13 sites differ from downstream steelhead, and the pattern of genetic diversity and connectivity among resident collections using 14 microsatellite loci. Measures of genetic variability (H (e), A (R), and A/L) are low in the upper-most collections of residents and estimates of N (e) change approximately 4-fold from the upper tributaries (N (e similar to)90) to the lowest main stem collections (N (e similar to)360) over 35 river kilometers (rkm). The overall comparison of resident rainbow trout versus below-barrier steelhead is F (ST) = 0.053. A STRUCTURE analysis of all 1,730 fish indicated three populations within the above-barrier collections of resident fish. Notably, two sets of upstream collections of rainbow trout, separated at a minimum of 16.4 rkm, had a mean F (ST) = 0.128. Natural passage barriers account for some of the observed stock structure in Icicle Creek but the strongest differences are not associated with barriers by our analysis. No significant temporal variability was seen within four rainbow trout sites and one steelhead site; and no hatchery rainbow trout ancestry was detected in the watershed. In general these results highlight the need for conservation efforts to include fine-scale evaluations of population structure of riverine fishes above barriers to increase the accuracy of understanding and monitoring intra specific diversity and the biological effects of dams and dam removal. C1 [Winans, Gary A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Gayeski, Nick] Wild Fish Conservancy, Duvall, WA 98019 USA. [Timmins-Schiffman, Emma] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Winans, GA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM gary.winans@noaa.gov FU Icicle Fund FX J. Glasgow, M. Waite, and K. Beardslee of the Wild Fish Conservancy assisted in study design and provided logistical support. M. Ford, K. Nichols, and D. Van Doornik provided useful reviews of an earlier draft. D. Patterson provided laboratory support. Field assistance was provided by Wild Fish Conservancy field crew members T. Buehrens, B. Burrill, J. Crandall, J. Fletcher, B. McMillan, A. Thompson, C. Tran, W. Ardren, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, provided the Peshatin collection. Funding for the project was provided in part by a generous grant from the Icicle Fund. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD APR PY 2015 VL 16 IS 2 BP 301 EP 315 DI 10.1007/s10592-014-0659-z PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA CD7RA UT WOS:000351287400005 ER PT J AU Bennett, TR Roni, P Denton, K McHenry, M Moses, R AF Bennett, Todd R. Roni, Phil Denton, Keith McHenry, Michael Moses, Raymond TI Nomads no more: early juvenile coho salmon migrants contribute to the adult return SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE coho salmon; smolt; survival; passive integrated transponder tag; life history ID INTEGRATED TRANSPONDER TAGS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; LIFE-HISTORY; ATLANTIC SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; SURVIVAL; CREEK; RIVER; SIZE AB The downstream movement of coho salmon fry and parr in the fall, as distinct from the spring migration of smolts, has been well documented across the range of the species. In many cases, these fish overwinter in freshwater, but they sometimes enter marine waters. It has long been assumed that these latter fish did not survive to return as adults and were surplus' to the stream's carrying capacity. From 2004 to 2010, we passive integrated transponder tagged 25,981 juvenile coho salmon in three streams in Washington State to determine their movement, survival and the contribution of various juvenile life histories to the adult escapement. We detected 86 returning adults, of which 32 originated from fall/winter migrants. Half of these fall/winter migrants spent similar to 1year in the marine environment, while the other half spent similar to 2years. In addition, the median return date for fall/winter migrants was 16days later than spring migrants. Our results indicated that traditional methods of spring-only smolt enumeration may underestimate juvenile survival and total smolt production, and also overestimate spring smolt-to-adult return (SAR). These are important considerations for coho salmon life cycle models that assume juvenile coho salmon have a fixed life history or use traditional parr-to-smolt and SAR rates. C1 [Bennett, Todd R.] NOAA, Watershed Program, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. [Roni, Phil; Denton, Keith] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Watershed Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [McHenry, Michael; Moses, Raymond] Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Nat Resource Dept, Port Angeles, WA USA. RP Bennett, TR (reprint author), NOAA, Watershed Program, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 10 Pk Ave Bldg B, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. EM todd.bennett@noaa.gov FU Washington Department of Ecology; NOAA FX We thank Washington Department of Ecology and NOAA for funding this project, which would not have been possible without the tireless efforts of members of the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Weyerhaeuser Company, student interns and volunteers. We thank Inka Fausett, Dave Morse, Josey Paul and the LaFarge Corporation for access to study sites. Special thanks to Karrie Hanson for her incredible attitude and skill in the field. Thanks to Martin Liermann for statistical advice, creating Figs 3 and 4 and reviewing the manuscript. We thank Jason Hall for creating Fig. 1 and Joshua Chamberlin for insightful comments on the manuscript. We also thank three anonymous reviewers and Tom Quinn for helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD APR PY 2015 VL 24 IS 2 BP 264 EP 275 DI 10.1111/eff.12144 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CD8MN UT WOS:000351349400010 ER PT J AU Collins, AB McBride, RS AF Collins, A. B. McBride, R. S. TI Variations in reproductive potential between nearshore and offshore spawning contingents of hogfish in the eastern Gulf of Mexico SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE egg production model; fecundity; gonadosomatic index; protogyny; reproductive effort; spawning frequency ID HERMAPHRODITIC REEF FISH; INDETERMINATE FECUNDITY; LACHNOLAIMUS-MAXIMUS; STOCK ASSESSMENT; REFERENCE POINTS; LIFE-HISTORY; SEX-CHANGE; SIZE; AGE; FLORIDA AB Hogfish, Lachnolaimus maximus (Walbaum), have multiple traits that confound measuring reproductive potential: they are protogynous, relatively long-lived harem-forming fish that spawn daily for months. Additionally, recent evidence demonstrates that size, age and timing of sex change vary on a spatial scale within the study area (West Florida shelf, USA). This study investigates the effect of this spatial variation on hogfish reproductive potential by evaluating spawning seasonality, spawning frequency and batch fecundity using an indeterminate egg production model. Offshore females were larger than nearshore females, and batch fecundity was related in a log-linear manner to female size. Gonad histology demonstrated a more protracted reproductive period for females offshore (8months) than nearshore (4months). Spatial variations in size coincide with ontogeny because hogfish move offshore with growth; however, even after accounting for fish size, offshore females spawned more. In areas where male removal rates are elevated, spawning harems are disrupted; thus, greater fishing effort nearshore may further reduce the reproductive potential of these females. These nearshore and offshore spawning components of the population are not genetically distinct, but instead represent two contingent spawning strategies that likely enhance total population stability and resilience of this stock in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. C1 [Collins, A. B.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [McBride, R. S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Collins, AB (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, 100 8th Ave SE, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM Angela.Collins@MyFWC.com RI McBride, Richard/C-2818-2012 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Cooperative Research Program [NA05NMF4540040] FX This work could not have been completed without the efforts of the members of the Saint Petersburg Underwater Club (SPUC), especially the captains and divers B. Bateman, W. Butts, S. Bratic, S. Childers, J. DeLa-Cruz, C. Gardinal, C. Grauer, T. Grogan, B. Hardman, J. Hermes, S. Hooker, I. Lathrop, S. Lucas, K. Ludwig, M. Joswig, D. O'Hern, D. Palmer, H. Scarboro, C. Schnur, R. Taylor and R. Zacker. M. Greenwood, M. Murphy, and M. Winton provided statistical guidance. A. Richardson and J. Funk provided laboratory assistance. We would like to thank FWRI's Fisheries-Independent Monitoring Program for providing inshore samples. D. DeVries served as the NOAA/NMFS partner and provided helpful guidance and reviews. W. Cooper, S. Lowerre-Barbieri, H. Schramm and three anonymous reviewers provided useful comments that improved this manuscript. The majority of the work described herein was funded by grant NA05NMF4540040 to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Cooperative Research Program. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X EI 1365-2400 J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 22 IS 2 BP 113 EP 124 DI 10.1111/fme.12102 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CD9CC UT WOS:000351393200001 ER PT J AU Sergeant, CJ Armstrong, JB Ward, EJ AF Sergeant, Christopher J. Armstrong, Jonathan B. Ward, Eric J. TI Predator-prey migration phenologies remain synchronised in a warming catchment SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coastal watersheds; Dolly Varden; salmon; subsidies; trophic resources ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; DOLLY-VARDEN; PINK SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SALVELINUS-MALMA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; ALASKA; SUBSIDIES; FISH AB Animal migrations often evolve to exploit seasonal variation in foraging opportunities. Many migrants move among discrete habitats using environmental cues to time their arrivals with seasonal peaks in food abundance. This type of migratory behaviour has been hypothesized to be particularly vulnerable to climate change, which can generate asynchrony between the seasonal timing (phenology) of animal movements and periods of resource abundance in destination habitats. While many studies have documented climate-induced mismatches between migrants and the lower trophic levels they target, virtually none have explored the consequences of altered migration phenology on the higher trophic levels that migrants often subsidise. We explored the roles of climatic variation and prey migrations in driving the seasonal migrations of predators. We show that in a warming catchment where prey migrations have changed substantially over the last 4 decades, migrations of Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) (predator) remain synchronised with annually variable Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) (prey) migrations and appear to be cued directly by salmon migration rather than environmental conditions. In contrast to many previous studies, our results suggest that some wide-ranging predators may be resilient to altered prey phenology. C1 [Sergeant, Christopher J.] Natl Pk Serv, Inventory & Monitoring Program, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. [Armstrong, Jonathan B.] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Ward, Eric J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Sergeant, CJ (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Inventory & Monitoring Program, 3100 Natl Pk Rd, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. EM christopher_sergeant@nps.gov FU David H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship program FX We thank many staff that have operated the Auke Creek weir and maintained the long-term data set. R.H. Armstrong conducted seminal research on the movement patterns of Dolly Varden and provided valuable comments on this manuscript. A. Beaudreau, J. Moore, and two anonymous referees thoughtfully reviewed manuscript drafts and improved the paper greatly. M. Bower, T. Francis, J. Joyce, G. Kruse, D. Schindler, D. Tallmon, and J. Watson gave helpful advice and feedback. F. Mueter provided R code for time series correlation analysis. J.B.A was supported by the David H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship program. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent the views of the authors' respective agencies. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 60 IS 4 BP 724 EP 732 DI 10.1111/fwb.12524 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CD6QB UT WOS:000351213000010 ER PT J AU McMullen, KY Poppe, LJ Parker, CE AF McMullen, Katherine Y. Poppe, Lawrence J. Parker, Castle E. TI Character, distribution, and ecological significance of storm wave-induced scour in Rhode Island Sound, USA SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INNER-CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; DEPRESSIONS; BOTTOM; CALIFORNIA; MASSACHUSETTS; ENVIRONMENTS AB Multibeam bathymetry, collected during NOAA hydrographic surveys in 2008 and 2009, is coupled with USGS data from sampling and photographic stations to map the seabed morphology and composition of Rhode Island Sound along the US Atlantic coast, and to provide information on sediment transport and benthic habitats. Patchworks of scour depressions cover large areas on seaward-facing slopes and bathymetric highs in the sound. These depressions average 0.5-0.8 m deep and occur in water depths reaching as much as 42 m. They have relatively steep well-defined sides and coarser-grained floors, and vary strongly in shape, size, and configuration. Some individual scour depressions have apparently expanded to combine with adjacent depressions, forming larger eroded areas that commonly contain outliers of the original seafloor sediments. Where cobbles and scattered boulders are present on the depression floors, the muddy Holocene sands have been completely removed and the winnowed relict Pleistocene deposits exposed. Low tidal-current velocities and the lack of obstacle marks suggest that bidirectional tidal currents alone are not capable of forming these features. These depressions are formed and maintained under high-energy shelf conditions owing to repetitive cyclic loading imposed by high-amplitude, long-period, storm-driven waves that reduce the effective shear strength of the sediment, cause resuspension, and expose the suspended sediments to erosion by wind-driven and tidal currents. Because epifauna dominate on gravel floors of the depressions and infauna are prevalent in the finer-grained Holocene deposits, it is concluded that the resultant close juxtaposition of silty sand-, sand-, and gravel-dependent communities promotes regional faunal complexity. These findings expand on earlier interpretations, documenting how storm wave-induced scour produces sorted bedforms that control much of the benthic geologic and biologic diversity in Rhode Island Sound. C1 [McMullen, Katherine Y.; Poppe, Lawrence J.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Parker, Castle E.] NOAA, Atlantic Hydrog Branch, Norfolk, VA 23510 USA. RP McMullen, KY (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM kmcmullen@usgs.gov FU Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey; Atlantic Hydrographic Branch of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX We thank the officers and crew of NOAA Ship Thomas Jefferson, who collected the bathymetric datasets, Seth Ackerman and Bill Danforth (USGS) for assistance with data processing, and Brad Butman and Harley Knebel for their helpful discussions. This work was supported by the Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey and the Atlantic Hydrographic Branch of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. This manuscript has benefited from critical internal reviews by Bill Schwab and Soupy Dalyander (both USGS), and external reviews by Bryan Oakley, Ralph Lewis and an anonymous reviewer. The use of commercial names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USGS or NOAA. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 EI 1432-1157 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD APR PY 2015 VL 35 IS 2 BP 135 EP 144 DI 10.1007/s00367-014-0392-0 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA CD6VB UT WOS:000351226900005 ER PT J AU Ruhi, A Holmes, EE Rinne, JN Sabo, JL AF Ruhi, Albert Holmes, Elizabeth E. Rinne, John N. Sabo, John L. TI Anomalous droughts, not invasion, decrease persistence of native fishes in a desert river SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecohydrology; environmental variation; global change; MARSS; stream fish; time-series analyses ID ALTERED FLOW REGIMES; SAN-JUAN RIVER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BETA-DIVERSITY; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION; ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; AMERICAN SOUTHWEST; CALIFORNIA STREAM; NONNATIVE FISHES AB Changing climate extremes and invasion by non-native species are two of the most prominent threats to native faunas. Predicting the relationships between global change and native faunas requires a quantitative toolkit that effectively links the timing and magnitude of extreme events to variation in species abundances. Here, we examine how discharge anomalies - unexpected floods and droughts - determine covariation in abundance of native and non-native fish species in a highly variable desert river in Arizona. We quantified stochastic variation in discharge using Fourier analyses on >15000 daily observations. We subsequently coupled maximum annual spectral anomalies with a 15-year time series of fish abundances (1994-2008), using Multivariate Autoregressive State-Space (MARSS) models. Abiotic drivers (discharge anomalies) were paramount in determining long-term fish abundances, whereas biotic drivers (species interactions) played only a secondary role. As predicted, anomalous droughts reduced the abundances of native species, while floods increased them. However, in contrast to previous studies, we observed that the non-native assemblage was surprisingly unresponsive to extreme events. Biological trait analyses showed that functional uniqueness was higher in native than in non-native fishes. We also found that discharge anomalies influenced diversity patterns at the meta-community level, with nestedness increasing after anomalous droughts due to the differential impairment of native species. Overall, our results advance the notion that discharge variation is key in determining community trajectories in the long term, predicting the persistence of native fauna even in the face of invasion. We suggest this variation, rather than biotic interactions, may commonly underlie covariation between native and non-native faunas, especially in highly variable environments. If droughts become increasingly severe due to climate change, and floods increasingly muted due to regulation, fish assemblages in desert rivers may become taxonomically and functionally impoverished and dominated by non-native taxa. C1 [Ruhi, Albert; Sabo, John L.] Arizona State Univ, Global Inst Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Holmes, Elizabeth E.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Rinne, John N.] Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Sabo, John L.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Ruhi, A (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Global Inst Sustainabil, POB 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM albert.ruhi@asu.edu FU National Science Foundation FX We thank the Sabo lab at Arizona State University, two anonymous reviewers, and the subject editor for suggestions that helped to improve the quality of the manuscript. This study was funded by the National Science Foundation project 'Water sustainability under near-term climate change: a cross-regional analysis incorporating socio-ecological feedbacks and adaptations'. NR 81 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 53 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 21 IS 4 BP 1482 EP 1496 DI 10.1111/gcb.12780 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CD6QM UT WOS:000351214100012 PM 25430731 ER PT J AU Abdulagatov, IM Abdulagatova, ZZ Kallaev, SN Bakmaev, AG Ranjith, PG AF Abdulagatov, I. M. Abdulagatova, Z. Z. Kallaev, S. N. Bakmaev, A. G. Ranjith, P. G. TI Thermal-Diffusivity and Heat-Capacity Measurements of Sandstone at High Temperatures Using Laser Flash and DSC Methods SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Density; DSC; Heat capacity; Laser-flash method; Sandstone; Thermal conductivity; Thermal diffusivity ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; HIGH-PRESSURE; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; EARTHS CRUST; LOWER MANTLE; CONDUCTIVITY; MINERALS; ROCK; CRYSTALS; OLIVINE AB The well-known contact-free, laser-flash method was used for measurement of the thermal diffusivity of natural sandstone samples. The experimental procedure was conducted using the microflash apparatus (LFA 457). The measurements have been made over the temperature range from (302.9 to 774.3) K. The isobaric heat capacities of the same sample were measured over the temperature range from (308 to 763) K using DSC 204 F1. Uncertainties are 3 % and 1 % for and , respectively. Measured values of and together with density data were used to calculate the thermal conductivity of sandstone. Theoretically based correlations for the thermal diffusivity (damped harmonic oscillator, DHO) and heat capacity (Debye and Einstein theories) were adopted to accurately represent the measured data. Correlation equations for the thermal diffusivity and heat capacity have been developed using the well-known theoretical asymptotic behavior of and for various temperature ranges (low- and high-temperature limits). The microscopic nature of the effect of temperature on and behavior of sandstone is discussed. Detailed interpretation and testing of the measured property data for sandstone using various existing theoretical and empirical models, in order to check their accuracy, predictive capability, and applicability, are provided. C1 [Abdulagatov, I. M.; Abdulagatova, Z. Z.; Kallaev, S. N.; Bakmaev, A. G.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala 367005, Dagestan, Russia. [Ranjith, P. G.] Monash Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Deep Earth Energy Res Lab, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov RI Ranjith, PG/F-1603-2015 OI Ranjith, PG/0000-0003-0094-7141 NR 107 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X EI 1572-9567 J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD APR PY 2015 VL 36 IS 4 BP 658 EP 691 DI 10.1007/s10765-014-1829-4 PG 34 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA CD8ZN UT WOS:000351385500005 ER PT J AU Rozas, LP Minello, TJ AF Rozas, Lawrence P. Minello, Thomas J. TI Variation in penaeid shrimp growth rates along an estuarine salinity gradient: Implications for managing river diversions (vol 397, pg 196, 2011) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Rozas, Lawrence P.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SEFSC, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Minello, Thomas J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SEFSC, Galveston Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Rozas, LP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SEFSC, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, 646 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM lawrence.rozas@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 465 BP 153 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2015.02.001 PG 2 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CD7DI UT WOS:000351250600018 ER PT J AU Seo, DJ Siddique, R Ahnert, P AF Seo, Dong-Jun Siddique, Ridwan Ahnert, Peter TI Objective Reduction of Rain Gauge Network via Geostatistical Analysis of Uncertainty in Radar-Gauge Precipitation Estimation SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME ESTIMATION; FRACTIONAL COVERAGE; DESIGN; FIELDS; SYSTEM AB A procedure for the objective reduction of a rain gauge network is developed and applied for the Susquehanna River Basin (SRB) in the United States. The procedure utilizes evaluation of the theoretical error variance associated with precipitation analysis using a variant of the National Weather Service's (NWS) Multisensor Precipitation Estimator (MPE). The uncertainty analysis is carried out for 16 different combinations of the precipitation accumulation period, season, magnitude, and areal extent, and use or nonuse of the Flash Flood Potential Index (FFPI), which is used as a proxy for the spatially varying runoff ratio. To estimate the statistical parameters of the procedure, the historical archive of the MPE products operationally produced by the Middle Atlantic River Forecast Center (MARFC) was used. The marginal value of each rain gauge in the Susquehanna Flood Forecasting and Warning System (SFFWS) network to the parent network is assessed by calculating the increase in the theoretical error variance in radar-gauge precipitation analysis over the SRB following hypothetical removal of the gauge. The parent network is made of 73 gauges in the SFFWS network plus 120 high-quality hourly and subhourly rain gauges within and in the vicinity of the SRB. The results show that significant variability exists in the rankings of the marginal value of the SFFWS gauges among the 16 cases considered. The most significant source of this variability is the seasonal variation in the spatial structure of precipitation. The second most significant source is the use or nonuse of the FFPI. Given the significant sensitivity to these and possibly other factors, one may not expect a unique solution for optimal network reduction. For robust decision making, an ensemble of solutions should be considered that reflects the range of variability in such factors. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Seo, Dong-Jun; Siddique, Ridwan] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Civil Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Siddique, Ridwan] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ahnert, Peter] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Middle Atlantic River Forecast Ctr, State Coll, PA 16803 USA. RP Seo, DJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Civil Engn, Box 19308,Rm 248 E Nedderman Hall,416 Yates St, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM djseo@uta.edu; ridwan.siddique@mavs.uta.edu; peter.ahnert@noaa.gov FU Susquehanna River Basin Commission (SRBC) FX This work was supported by the Susquehanna River Basin Commission (SRBC). This support is gratefully acknowledged. We would like to thank Reggina Cabrera and Laurie Hogan of NWS/ER, Joe Ostrowski and David Solano of NWS/MARFC, Joe Ceru of NWS/WFO State College, and Paul Tilles and Yu Zhang of NWS/OHD for providing the data used in this work and for very helpful input throughout the course of this study. We would also like to thank Ben Pratt of SRBC for administrative support throughout the course of this work. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 EI 1943-5584 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD APR PY 2015 VL 20 IS 4 AR 04014050 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000969 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CD9YQ UT WOS:000351458000002 ER PT J AU Wallace, DC Brown, CM McQueen, TM AF Wallace, David C. Brown, Craig M. McQueen, Tyrel M. TI Evolution of magnetism in the Na3-delta(Na1-xMgx)Ir2O6 series of honeycomb iridates SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Honeycomb; Iridium; Magnetic Frustration; Disorder AB The structural and magnetic properties of a new series of iridium-based honeycomb lattices with the formula Na3-delta(Na1-xMgx)Ir2O6 (0 <= x <= 1) are reported. As x and 5 are increased, the honeycomb lattice contracts and the strength of the antiferromagnetic interactions decreases systematically due to a reduction in Ir-O-Ir bond angles. Samples with imperfect stoichiometry exhibit disordered magnetic freezing at temperatures T-f between 3.4 K and 5 K. This glassy magnetism likely arises due to the presence of non-magnetic Ir3+, which are distributed randomly throughout the lattice, with a possible additional contribution from stacking faults. Together, these results demonstrate that chemical defects and non-stoichiometry have a significant effect on the magnetism of compounds in the A(2)IrO(3) materials family. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wallace, David C.; McQueen, Tyrel M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Wallace, David C.; McQueen, Tyrel M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP McQueen, TM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Charles & 34Th St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM mcqueen@jhu.edu RI Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 FU American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund; David and Lucille Packard Foundation FX Acknowledgement is made to the donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund and the David and Lucille Packard Foundation for support of this research. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 EI 1095-726X J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD APR PY 2015 VL 224 SI SI BP 28 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2014.03.013 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CD2WC UT WOS:000350938700006 ER PT J AU Yeo, D Potra, FA AF Yeo, DongHun Potra, Florian A. TI Closure to "Sustainable Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures through CO2 Emission Optimization" by DongHun Yeo and Florian A. Potra SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Yeo, DongHun] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Potra, Florian A.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yeo, D (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM donghun.yeo@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 EI 1943-541X J9 J STRUCT ENG JI J. Struct. Eng. PD APR PY 2015 VL 141 IS 4 AR 07015002 PG 1 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA CE0DP UT WOS:000351475000020 ER PT J AU Sawchuk, JH Beaudreau, AH Tonnes, D Fluharty, D AF Sawchuk, Jennifer Heibult Beaudreau, Anne H. Tonnes, Daniel Fluharty, David TI Using stakeholder engagement to inform endangered species management and improve conservation SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Endangered species; Conservation; Management; Stakeholder outreach; Social-ecological surveys; Rockfish ID PUGET-SOUND; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; ROCKFISH; NEARSHORE; SEBASTES; LEGITIMACY; BAROTRAUMA; KNOWLEDGE; SURVIVAL AB Successful endangered species conservation requires understanding, support and participation from user groups and stakeholders in conjunction with biological information. A representative survey of the boat-based angling population in Puget Sound, WA, USA, was conducted to provide baseline information regarding angler knowledge about rockfish, fishing practices, perceptions of threats to rockfish, and preferences for recovery measures to inform the recovery plan for three rockfish species listed under the Endangered Species Act. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate the hypothesis that variation in stakeholders' perceived threats to rockfish and preferences for rockfish recovery measures is related to their fishing practices and knowledge of rockfish biology. Knowledge of rockfish longevity and past experience fishing for rockfish were important predictors of support for conservation measures and willingness to take personal action to recover rockfish. These findings highlight the important role education may play in garnering the necessary long-term support for rockfish recovery. Further, locations where anglers fished in Puget Sound were found to shape perceptions of threats to rockfish, suggesting that place-based management options should be considered where biologically appropriate. This study illustrates the complexity of species management in socialecological systems and provides a framework for comprehensively engaging stakeholders and understanding their relationships with endangered and threatened species prior to the development of a recovery plan. Such engagement may not only better inform management and outreach decisions but also pave the way toward more collaborative and effective endangered species management and conservation. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sawchuk, Jennifer Heibult; Fluharty, David] Univ Washington, Sch Marine & Environm Affairs, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Sawchuk, Jennifer Heibult; Tonnes, Daniel] NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Beaudreau, Anne H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Sawchuk, JH (reprint author), NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jenhsaw@u.washington.edu; abeaudreau@alaska.edu; dan.tonnes@noaa.gov; fluharty@u.washington.edu FU NOAA-NMFS FX This study benefited from the expertise of many. Eric Kraig and Karen Kloempken (WDFW) provided key data and Janna Nichols and Noelle Yochum provided excellent rockfish pictures. Ron Garner, Robert Tobeck, Professor Terrie Klinger, Professor Nives Dolsak, Professor Thomas Leschine, Wayne Palsson, Bear Holmes, Brad Ridgeway, Joe Gaydos, and Professor Donald Gunderson generously shared their understanding and ideas for this study and the survey itself. The Puget Sound Anglers and Coastal Conservation Association invited J.H. Sawchuk to both conduct this study at meetings and share results with them. The Helen Riaboff Whiteley Center at Friday Harbor Labs, University of Washington provided an appreciated refuge for J.H. Sawchuk to draft this manuscript. NOAA-NMFS partially financed this research to inform the rockfish recovery plan. This study was conducted in compliance with the University of Washington Human Subjects Division HSD (study #40962). We thank an anonymous reviewer for insights that improved this manuscript. Finally, we are thankful for the several hundred recreational anglers who took time to take the survey. Without their concern for the resources they enjoy this study would not have been possible. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 54 BP 98 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2014.12.014 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA CE2LQ UT WOS:000351647500012 ER PT J AU Bhattacharjee, PS Singh, RP Nedelec, P AF Bhattacharjee, Partha S. Singh, Ramesh P. Nedelec, Philippe TI Vertical profiles of carbon monoxide and ozone from MOZAIC aircraft over Delhi, India during 2003-2005 SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC INFRARED SOUNDER; AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MODEL DESCRIPTION; SATELLITE DATA; WATER-VAPOR; GROUND MEASUREMENTS; PASSENGER AIRCRAFT AB The Indo-Gangetic Plains is one of the most densely populated regions in the world and associated with large anthropogenic pollutants. Aircraft measurements of two such pollutants, ozone (O-3) and carbon monoxide (CO) over Delhi, an urban location are analyzed to study monthly and seasonal variations. Measurement of Ozone and Water Vapor by Airbus In-Service Aircraft (MOZAIC) vertical profile data during 2003-2005 are used in the present study. O-3 over Delhi exhibits a lower tropospheric (surface to 850 mb) high value during post-monsoon (October and November) and winter (December-February) seasons, upper tropospheric (above 400 mb) enhancement during pre-monsoon and a zone of high values in the mid-troposphere (700-400 mb) during monsoon. The anthropogenic emissions show high CO concentrations below 800 mb during winter and pre-monsoon seasons in addition to transported CO in the upper atmosphere during pre-monsoon. During winter season, convective activities are suppressed as a result O-3 and CO concentrations are higher near surface, while during summer season, surface air masses enhance levels of H2O, CO and other trace gases are lifted and subsequently mixed into the large scale circulation that enhance mixing ratios of many trace gases in the upper level anticyclones. MOZAIC observed vertical O-3 profiles are compared with three chemistry-climate coupled models from the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase5 (CMIP5) with interactive O-3 chemistry. All the models show good agreement with MOZAIC during pre-monsoon, with large biases during winter and monsoon seasons. Finally, monthly variations of MOZAIC observed CO show a good comparison with AIRS and MOPITT satellite data. C1 [Bhattacharjee, Partha S.] IM Syst Grp Inc, NOAA NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Singh, Ramesh P.] Chapman Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Schmid Coll Sci & Technol, Orange, CA 92866 USA. [Nedelec, Philippe] CNRS, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. [Nedelec, Philippe] Univ Toulouse 3, F-31062 Toulouse, France. RP Singh, RP (reprint author), Chapman Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Schmid Coll Sci & Technol, Orange, CA 92866 USA. EM rsingh@chapman.edu RI Bhattacharjee, Partha/B-1620-2009 OI Bhattacharjee, Partha/0000-0003-1117-0649 NR 105 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 EI 1436-5065 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD APR PY 2015 VL 127 IS 2 BP 229 EP 240 DI 10.1007/s00703-014-0349-x PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CD9FW UT WOS:000351404400008 ER PT J AU Gaudet, PH Cawthorn, RJ Buote, MA Morado, JF Wright, GM Greenwood, SJ AF Gaudet, Peter H. Cawthorn, Richard J. Buote, Melanie A. Morado, J. Frank Wright, Glenda M. Greenwood, Spencer J. TI In vitro cultivation of Hematodinium sp isolated from Atlantic snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio: partial characterization of late developmental stages SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dinoflagellate; Hematodinium; parasite; in vitro culture; life cycle; Chionoecetes opilio; crustacean ID LOBSTER NEPHROPS-NORVEGICUS; PARASITIC DINOFLAGELLATE; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; BLUE CRABS; NEWFOUNDLAND; DISEASE; INFECTIONS; NORWAY; MORTALITY; PEREZI AB Hematodinium is a parasitic dinoflagellate of numerous crustacean species, including the economically important Atlantic snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio. The parasite was cultured in vitro in modified Nephrops medium at 0 degrees C and a partial characterization of the life stages was accomplished using light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In haemolymph from heavily infected snow crabs two life stages were detected; amoeboid trophonts and sporonts. During in vitro cultivation, several Hematodinium sp. life stages were observed: trophonts, clump colonies, sporonts, arachnoid sporonts, sporoblasts and dinospores. Cultures initiated with sporonts progressed to motile dinospores; however, those initiated with amoeboid trophonts proliferated, but did not progress or formed schizont-like stages which were senescent artefacts. Plasmodial stages were associated with both trophonts and sporonts and could be differentiated by the presence of trichocysts on TEM. Macrodinospores were observed but not microdinospores; likely due to the low number of Hematodinium sp. cultures that progressed to the dinospore stage. No early life stages including motile filamentous trophonts or gorgonlocks were observed as previously noted in Hematodinium spp. from other crustacean hosts. All Hematodinium sp. life stages contained autofluorescent, membrane-bound electron dense granules that appeared to degranulate or be expelled from the cell during in vitro cultivation. C1 [Gaudet, Peter H.; Cawthorn, Richard J.; Buote, Melanie A.; Greenwood, Spencer J.] Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, AVC Lobster Sci Ctr, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. [Gaudet, Peter H.; Cawthorn, Richard J.; Buote, Melanie A.] Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. [Morado, J. Frank] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wright, Glenda M.; Greenwood, Spencer J.] Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Dept Biomed Sci, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. RP Greenwood, SJ (reprint author), Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Dept Biomed Sci, 550 Univ Ave, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. EM sgreenwood@upei.ca FU NSERC-Strategic Projects Grant (STPGP) [37253-2008]; Canadian Centre for Fisheries Innovation; Fish, Food & Allied Workers Union FX This research was funded by NSERC-Strategic Projects Grant (STPGP 37253-2008) and through the supporting organization at the Canadian Centre for Fisheries Innovation and the Fish, Food & Allied Workers Union. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0031-1820 EI 1469-8161 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD APR PY 2015 VL 142 IS 4 BP 598 EP 611 DI 10.1017/S0031182014001656 PG 14 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA CD7LU UT WOS:000351272700009 PM 25363617 ER PT J AU Muralikrishnan, B Ferrucci, M Sawyer, D Gerner, G Lee, V Blackburn, C Phillips, S Petrov, P Yakovlev, Y Astrelin, A Milligan, S Palmateer, J AF Muralikrishnan, B. Ferrucci, M. Sawyer, D. Gerner, G. Lee, V. Blackburn, C. Phillips, S. Petrov, P. Yakovlev, Y. Astrelin, A. Milligan, S. Palmateer, J. TI Volumetric performance evaluation of a laser scanner based on geometric error model SO PRECISION ENGINEERING-JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETIES FOR PRECISION ENGINEERING AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Laser scanner; Performance evaluation; Contrast targets; Volumetric length test; Two-face test; Geometric error model; Large-scale metrology ID CALIBRATION; TRACKERS; SYSTEM; TESTS AB We discuss a geometric error model for those large volume laser scanners that have the laser source and a spinning prism mirror mounted on a platform that can rotate about the vertical axis. We describe the terms that constitute the model, address their effect on measured range and angles, and discuss the sensitivity of different two-face and volumetric length tests to each term in the model. We report on experiments performed using commercially available contrast targets to assess the validity of the proposed model. Geometric error models are important not only in improving the accuracy of laser scanners, but also in facilitating the identification of test procedures for performance evaluation of these instruments and therefore in the development of documentary Standards. The work described in this paper lays the foundation for such efforts. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Muralikrishnan, B.; Ferrucci, M.; Sawyer, D.; Lee, V.; Blackburn, C.; Phillips, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gerner, G.] Penn State Univ, Erie, PA 16563 USA. [Petrov, P.; Yakovlev, Y.; Astrelin, A.; Milligan, S.] Basis Software Inc, Redmond, WA USA. [Palmateer, J.] Boeing Res & Technol, Seattle, WA USA. RP Muralikrishnan, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM balam@nist.gov OI Ferrucci, Massimiliano/0000-0002-8811-8681 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-6359 EI 1873-2372 J9 PRECIS ENG JI Precis. Eng.-J. Int. Soc. Precis. Eng. Nanotechnol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 40 BP 139 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.precisioneng.2014.11.002 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Manufacturing; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CD7CI UT WOS:000351248000016 ER PT J AU Mouw, CB Greb, S Aurin, D DiGiacomo, PM Lee, Z Twardowski, M Binding, C Hu, CM Ma, RH Moore, T Moses, W Craig, SE AF Mouw, Colleen B. Greb, Steven Aurin, Dirk DiGiacomo, Paul M. Lee, Zhongping Twardowski, Michael Binding, Caren Hu, Chuanmin Ma, Ronghua Moore, Timothy Moses, Wesley Craig, Susanne E. TI Aquatic color radiometry remote sensing of coastal and inland waters: Challenges and recommendations for future satellite missions SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE Remote sensing; Optics; Coastal oceanography; Limnology; Water quality ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; INDUCED CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; TURBID PRODUCTIVE WATERS; AIR-POLLUTION EVENTS; OCEAN COLOR; CYANOBACTERIAL BLOOMS; LEAVING RADIANCE; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; SEMIANALYTICAL MODEL AB Aquatic color radiometry remote sensing of coastal and inland water bodies is of great interest to a wide variety of research, management, and commercial entities as well as the general public. However, most current satellite radiometers were primarily designed for observing the global ocean and not necessarily for observing coastal and inland waters. Therefore, deriving coastal and inland aquatic applications from existing sensors is challenging. We describe the current and desired state of the science and highlight unresolved issues in four fundamental elements of aquatic satellite remote sensing namely, mission capability, in situ observations, algorithm development, and operational capacity. We discuss solutions, future plans, and recommendations that directly affect the science and societal impact of future missions with capability for observing coastal and inland aquatic systems. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Mouw, Colleen B.] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Greb, Steven] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53716 USA. [Aurin, Dirk] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [DiGiacomo, Paul M.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Lee, Zhongping] Univ Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Twardowski, Michael] WETLabs Inc, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Binding, Caren] Environm Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Hu, Chuanmin] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Ma, Ronghua] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Moses, Wesley] Naval Res Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Craig, Susanne E.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. RP Mouw, CB (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM cbmouw@mtu.edu; Steven.Greb@Wisconsin.gov; dirka.aurin@nasa.gov; paul.digiacomo@noaa.gov; zhongping.lee@umb.edu; mtwardo@wetlabs.com; Caren.Binding@ec.gc.ca; huc@usf.edu; rhma@niglas.ac.cn; timothy.moore@unh.edu; wesley.moses@nrl.navy.mil; susanne.craig@dal.ca RI DiGiacomo, Paul/F-5584-2010; Mouw, Colleen/M-4431-2015; OI DiGiacomo, Paul/0000-0003-4550-1899; Mouw, Colleen/0000-0003-2516-1882; Moses, Wesley/0000-0003-3551-6093 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX12AJ07G, NNX14AB80G] FX Financial support for this effort was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNX12AJ07G and NNX14AB80G). The ideas, views and recommendations presented in this article were developed from the contributions of all participants of the "Workshop for Remote Sensing of Coastal and Inland Waters" held on June 20-22, 2012 in Madison, Wisconsin (Mouw & Greb, 2012). The comments from Marvin Bauer and four anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. The contents of this article are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) or the U.S. Government. This is contribution number 6 of Great Lakes Research Center at Michigan Technological University. NR 199 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 18 U2 84 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR PY 2015 VL 160 BP 15 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2015.02.001 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CE2KO UT WOS:000351644700002 ER PT J AU Gladkova, I Kihai, Y Ignatov, A Shahriar, F Petrenko, B AF Gladkova, I. Kihai, Y. Ignatov, A. Shahriar, F. Petrenko, B. TI SST Pattern Test in ACSPO clear-sky mask for VIIRS SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE VIIRS; SST clear sky mask; Thermal fronts ID EDGE-DETECTION; IMAGES; ALGORITHM AB Discriminating clear-ocean from cloud in the thermal IR imagery is challenging, especially at night. Thresholds in automated cloud detection algorithms are often set conservatively leading to underestimation of the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) domain. Yet an expert user can visually distinguish the cloud patterns from SST. In this study, available pattern recognition methodologies are discussed and an automated SST Pattern Test (SPT) is formulated. Analyses are performed with SSTs retrieved from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor onboard S-NPP using the NOAA operational Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Oceans (ACSPO) system. Based on the analyses of global data, we have identified spatial features potentially useful for discriminating cloud from clear-ocean. The SPT attempts to mimic the visual perception by a human operator such as gradient information, spatial connectivity, and high/low frequency discrimination. It first identifies contiguous areas with similar features, and then makes a decision based on the statistics of the whole region, rather than on a per pixel basis. The initial objective of the SPT was to automatically identify clear sky regions misclassified by ACSPO clear sky mask as cloudy, and improve coverage in dynamic areas of the ocean and in the coastal zones. Future work will be directed towards extending the SPT to also minimize cloud leakages, and redesigning the current ACSPO clear-sky mask making full use of pattern recognition approach. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gladkova, I.; Kihai, Y.; Ignatov, A.; Petrenko, B.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, New York, NY USA. [Gladkova, I.; Kihai, Y.; Petrenko, B.] GST Inc, New York, NY USA. [Gladkova, I.; Shahriar, F.] CUNY City Coll, CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Shahriar, F.] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Gladkova, I (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM gladkova@cs.ccny.cuny.edu; yury.kihai@noaa.gov; alex.ignatov@noaa.gov; fshahriar@gc.cuny.edu; boris.petrenko@noaa.gov RI Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 FU JPSS SST project - JPSS Program Office; Ocean Remote Sensing Program - NOAA FX This work is conducted under the JPSS SST project funded by the JPSS Program Office, and the Ocean Remote Sensing Program funded by NOAA. We thank Marouan Bouali, Karlis Mikelsons, John Stroup, Xingming Liang, Prasanjit Dash and John Sapper for the help with the data and useful discussions. We acknowledge Peter Hollemans for the development of the CoastWatch Data Analysis Tool (available at http://coastwatch.noaa.gov/cwn/cw_software.html) used to generate some SST and clear-sky Figures. We also thank Drs. Don Hillger (NOAA) and Peter Minnett (U. Miami) for supporting our re-sampling efforts in the bow-tie areas, and anonymous reviewers for constructive feedback. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR PY 2015 VL 160 BP 87 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2015.01.003 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CE2KO UT WOS:000351644700008 ER PT J AU Stoian, J Oey, T Bullard, JW Huang, J Kumar, A Balonis, M Terrill, J Neithalath, N Sant, G AF Stoian, Julyan Oey, Tandre Bullard, Jeffrey W. Huang, Jian Kumar, Aditya Balonis, Magdalena Terrill, Judith Neithalath, Narayanan Sant, Gaurav TI New insights into the prehydration of cement and its mitigation SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hydration; Kinetics; Surface Layer; Prehydration; Thermal Analysis; Adsorption ID CALCIUM SILICATE HYDRATE; TRICALCIUM SILICATE; PORTLAND-CEMENT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; WATER-VAPOR; KINETICS; NUCLEATION; MECHANISMS; LIMESTONE; GROWTH AB Ordinary Portland-cement (OPC) prehydrates during storage or handling in moist-environments, forming hydration products on or near its particles' surfaces. Prehydration is known to reduce OPC reactivity, but the extent of prehydration has not yet been quantitatively linked to reaction rate and mechanical property changes. A series of experiments are performed to develop a better understanding of prehydration, by intentionally exposing an OPC powder to either water vapor or liquid water, to investigate the extent to which premature contact of OPC with water and other potential reactants in the liquid and/or vapor state(s) can induce differing surface modifications on the OPC grains. Original results obtained using isothermal calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and strength measurements are correlated to a prehydration index, which is defined for the first time. The addition of fine limestone to a mixture formed using prehydrated cement is shown to mitigate the detrimental effects of prehydration. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stoian, Julyan; Oey, Tandre; Huang, Jian; Kumar, Aditya; Sant, Gaurav] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lab Chem Construct Mat LC2, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bullard, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Engn Lab, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Balonis, Magdalena] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Balonis, Magdalena] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Technol Adv, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Terrill, Judith] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Neithalath, Narayanan] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainable Engn & Built Environm, Tempe, AZ USA. [Sant, Gaurav] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Calif Nanosyst Inst CNSI, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Sant, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lab Chem Construct Mat LC2, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jstoian@ucla.edu; tandreoey@gmail.com; bullard@nist.gov; huangjian@ucla.edu; adityaku@ucla.edu; mbalonis@ucla.edu; judith.devaney@nist.gov; narayanan.neithalath@asu.edu; gsant@ucla.edu FU National Science Foundation [CMMI: 1066583]; University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support for this research provided by the National Science Foundation (CMMI: 1066583) and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). The authors would like to acknowledge the provision of materials by Lehigh-Hanson and OMYA A.G. The authors acknowledge Dale P. Bentz (NIST), Kenneth Snyder (NIST) and Joseph Biernacki (TTU) for their review of this paper. The contents of this paper reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the accuracy of data presented herein. This research was conducted in the Laboratory for the Chemistry of Construction Materials (LC2) and core Molecular Instrumentation Center (MIC) at UCLA. As such, the authors acknowledge the support of these laboratories in making this research possible. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-8846 EI 1873-3948 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PD APR PY 2015 VL 70 BP 94 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.cemconres.2015.01.012 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA CC7AO UT WOS:000350520300011 ER PT J AU Duran-Herrera, A Mendoza-Rangel, JM De-Los-Santos, EU Vazquez, F Valdez, P Bentz, DP AF Duran-Herrera, A. Mendoza-Rangel, J. M. De-Los-Santos, E. U. Vazquez, F. Valdez, P. Bentz, Dale P. TI Accelerated and natural carbonation of concretes with internal curing and shrinkage/viscosity modifiers SO MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Accelerated testing; Carbonation; Fly ash; Internal curing; Natural exposure; Viscosity modifier ID VISCOSITY MODIFIERS AB In many parts of the world, corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete induced by carbonation of the concrete continues to be a major durability concern. This paper investigates the accelerated and natural carbonation resistance of a set of seven concretes, specifically evaluating the effects of internal curing and/or shrinkage/viscosity modifiers on carbonation resistance. In addition to five different ordinary portland cement (OPC) concretes, two concretes containing 20 % of a Class F fly ash as replacement for cement on a mass basis are also evaluated. For all seven concrete mixtures, a good correlation between accelerated (lab) and natural (field) measured carbonation coefficients is observed. Conversely, there is less correlation observed between the specimens' carbonation resistance and their respective 28 days compressive strengths, with the mixtures containing the shrinkage/viscosity modifier specifically exhibiting an anomalous behavior of higher carbonation resistance at lower strength levels. For both the accelerated and natural exposures, the lowest carbonation coefficients are obtained for two mixtures, one containing the shrinkage/viscosity modifier added in the mixing water and the other containing a solution of the same admixture used to pre-wet fine lightweight aggregate. Additionally, the fly ash mixtures exhibited a significantly higher carbonation coefficient in both exposures than their corresponding OPC concretes. C1 [Duran-Herrera, A.; Mendoza-Rangel, J. M.; De-Los-Santos, E. U.; Vazquez, F.; Valdez, P.] UANL, Fac Ingn Civil, San Nicolas De Los Garza 66450, NL, Mexico. [Duran-Herrera, A.; Valdez, P.] UANL, CIIDIT, San Nicolas De Los Garza 66450, NL, Mexico. [Bentz, Dale P.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Duran-Herrera, A (reprint author), UANL, CIIDIT, San Nicolas De Los Garza 66450, NL, Mexico. EM alejandro.duranhr@uanl.edu.mx RI UANL, FIC-UANL/O-5444-2015 FU National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACYT); Scientific and Technological Research Support Program of the UANL (PAICYT); CONACYT [155363] FX The authors would like to express their gratitude to the National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACYT) for the scholarships received by De-Los-Santos and Vazquez for their MsC studies at UANL, to the Scientific and Technological Research Support Program of the UANL (PAICYT) and to CONACYT project number 155363 for the complementary economical support for this project. The authors also thank Charles K. Nmai from BASF Corporation, USA, and Daniel Canizales from BASF Mexico for providing the shrinkage-reducing admixture and the high range water reducer, respectively. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1359-5997 EI 1871-6873 J9 MATER STRUCT JI Mater. Struct. PD APR PY 2015 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1207 EP 1214 DI 10.1617/s11527-013-0226-y PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA CD2FD UT WOS:000350889100029 ER PT J AU Fedchak, JA Arai, K Jousten, K Setina, J Yoshida, H AF Fedchak, James A. Arai, Kenta Jousten, Karl Setina, Janez Yoshida, Hajime TI Recommended practices for the use of spinning rotor gauges in inter-laboratory comparisons SO MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Spinning rotor gauge; Key comparison; Vacuum standards; Vacuum gauge stability; Vacuum metrology; Long term stability AB The spinning rotor gauge (SRG) is a common transfer standard in key comparisons (KCs) and other intercomparisons for pressures in the range of 1.0 x 10(-4) Pa to 1.0 Pa. To make absolute pressure measurements using a SRG, a calibration factor, known as the accommodation coefficient, must be determined. Comparisons which utilize SRGs require each participant to determine the accommodation coefficient. The accommodation coefficient of an SRG is known to have excellent long-term stability (<= 0.1% over 1 year; k = 1) in a laboratory environment where the rotor remains undisturbed and attached to a vacuum standard, but the long-term stability of SRGs used in comparisons is often worse than what is observed in the participants own laboratory. Recently, the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures Consultative Committee for Mass and Related Quantities Working Group on Low Pressures held a workshop to discuss the stability of the accommodation coefficient in inter-laboratory comparisons. Here we summarize the data presented during the workshop and the ensuing discussions and give a list of recommended practices derived from the workshop. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fedchak, James A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Arai, Kenta; Yoshida, Hajime] AIST, Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan. [Jousten, Karl] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. [Setina, Janez] Inst Met & Technol, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. RP Fedchak, JA (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM james.fedchak@nist.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-2241 EI 1873-412X J9 MEASUREMENT JI Measurement PD APR PY 2015 VL 66 BP 176 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.measurement.2015.02.012 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CD1HL UT WOS:000350825500020 ER PT J AU Kacker, RN AF Kacker, Raghu N. TI Probability distributions and coverage probability in GUM, JCGM documents, and statistical inference SO MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Bayesian inference; Coverage probability; GUM; Measurement uncertainty AB We discuss the interpretations of a probability distribution to express the state of knowledge about a quantity and the resulting coverage probability in the 1993 Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) and the subsequent JCGM documents: JCGM 101:2008, JCGM 104:2009, and JCGM 200:2008. The JCGM 101:2008 is titled 'Supplement 1 to the GUM' and the JCGM 104:2009 is titled 'Introduction to the GUM and related documents'. It is reasonable to expect that they would have followed the GUM definitions of probability distribution and coverage probability. We submit that such is not the case. We submit that a connection between the standard deviation of a JCGM probability distribution and the GUM standard uncertainty is obscure. The JCGM interpretation of a probability distribution is seemingly based on Bayesian statistics. Also coverage probability has a well-established meaning in conventional statistics. Therefore we discuss the meanings of probability distribution and coverage probability in conventional and Bayesian statistical inference. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kacker, RN (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-2241 EI 1873-412X J9 MEASUREMENT JI Measurement PD APR PY 2015 VL 65 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.measurement.2014.12.056 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CD1GY UT WOS:000350824200008 ER PT J AU Islam, T Srivastava, PK Rico-Ramirez, MA Dai, Q Gupta, M Singh, SK AF Islam, Tanvir Srivastava, Prashant K. Rico-Ramirez, Miguel A. Dai, Qiang Gupta, Manika Singh, Sudhir K. TI Tracking a tropical cyclone through WRF-ARW simulation and sensitivity of model physics SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Hurricane; Track and intensity forecast; Physics parameterizations; Numerical weather prediction (NWP); Weather mesoscale model; Tropical storm; Extreme events; ECMWF and GFS ID BULK MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; ENSEMBLE DATA ASSIMILATION; PART I; WEATHER RESEARCH; EXPLICIT FORECASTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PREDICTION; SYSTEM; IMPACT AB The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model's Advanced Research WRF (ARW) dynamic solver is one of the most popular regional numerical weather prediction models being used by operational and research personnel. In this study, we simulate a tropical cyclone to reproduce the track direction and strength of the storm that formed at low latitudes in the West Pacific Ocean. The cyclone is known as "Haiyan" and assessed as category-5 equivalent super typhoon status due to its strong sustained winds and gusts, making it the strongest tropical cyclone in the region. We study the sensitivity of three different model physics options: the microphysics schemes, the planetary boundary layer schemes, and the impact of cumulus parameterization schemes. The realism of the cyclone simulation for different physics options is assessed through the comparison between the model outputs and the best track data, which are taken from the Japan Meteorological Agency. The experimental model simulations are carried out with two different global datasets: the ERA-Interim analysis from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts and NCEP GFS forecast data, as initialization and boundary conditions. In addition, wind-pressure relationships are developed for different physics combination runs. Verification results associated with the model physics and boundary condition are discussed in this article. Overall, irrespective of the physics sensitivity, while the WRF simulation performs well in predicting the track propagation of the typhoon, substantial underestimation is seen in the intensity prediction. C1 [Islam, Tanvir] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Islam, Tanvir] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Islam, Tanvir; Srivastava, Prashant K.; Rico-Ramirez, Miguel A.; Dai, Qiang] Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, Bristol, Avon, England. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gupta, Manika] Indian Inst Technol Delhi, Dept Civil Engn, New Delhi, India. [Singh, Sudhir K.] Univ Allahabad, Ctr Atmospher & Ocean Studies, Allahabad 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Islam, T (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM tanvir.islam@noaa.gov RI Rico-Ramirez, Miguel/H-3248-2014; OI Rico-Ramirez, Miguel/0000-0002-8885-4582; Islam, Tanvir/0000-0003-2429-3074 NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD APR PY 2015 VL 76 IS 3 BP 1473 EP 1495 DI 10.1007/s11069-014-1494-8 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA CC9BS UT WOS:000350663100003 ER PT J AU Xu, W Sun, YJ Zhang, JY Xu, K Pan, LH He, L Song, Y Njunge, L Xu, ZL Chiang, MYM Sung, KLP Chuong, CM Yang, L AF Xu, Wei Sun, Yanjun Zhang, Jinye Xu, Kang Pan, Lianhong He, Long Song, Yang Njunge, Lucy Xu, Zhiling Chiang, Martin Y. M. Sung, Kuo-Li Paul Chuong, Cheng Ming Yang, Li TI Perivascular-Derived Stem Cells with Neural Crest Characteristics Are Involved in Tendon Repair SO STEM CELLS AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID WINDOW DEFECT MODEL; STEM/PROGENITOR CELLS; DIFFERENTIATION; TISSUE; SCAFFOLD; ORIGIN; SHOULDER; SURFACE; MATRIX; INJURY AB Tendons and ligaments exhibit limited regenerative capacity following injury, with damaged tissue being replaced by a fibrotic scar. The physiological role of scar tissue is complex and has been studied extensively. In this study, we demonstrate that rat tendons contain a unique subpopulation of cells exhibiting stem cell characteristics, including clonogenicity, multipotency, and self-renewal capacity. Additionally, these putative stem cells expressed markers consistent with neural crest stem cells (NCSCs). Using immunofluorescent labeling, we identified P75(+) (p75 neurotrophin receptor) cells in the perivascular regions of the native rat tendon. Importantly, P75(+) cells were frequently localized near vascular cells and increased in number within the peritenon after injury. Ultrastructural analysis showed that perivascular cells detached from vessels in response to injury, migrated into the interstitial space, and deposited extracellular matrix. Characterization of P75(+) cells isolated from the scar tissue indicated that this population also expressed the NCSC markers, Vimentin, Sox10, and Snail. In conclusion, our results suggest that neural crest-like stem cells of perivascular origin reside within the rat peritenon and give rise to scar-forming stromal cells following tendon injury. C1 [Xu, Wei; Sun, Yanjun; Xu, Kang; Pan, Lianhong; He, Long; Song, Yang; Njunge, Lucy; Xu, Zhiling; Sung, Kuo-Li Paul; Yang, Li] Chongqing Univ, Minist Educ, Bioengn Coll, Key Lab Biorheol Sci & Technol, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China. [Xu, Wei] Chongqing First Peoples Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Chongqing, Peoples R China. [Xu, Wei] Chongqing Tradit Chinese Med Hosp, Chongqing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Jinye] Chongqing Normal Univ, Key Lab Anim Biol Chongqing, Chongqing, Peoples R China. [Chiang, Martin Y. M.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sung, Kuo-Li Paul] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Bioengn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Chuong, Cheng Ming] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. RP Yang, L (reprint author), Chongqing Univ, Minist Educ, Bioengn Coll, Key Lab Biorheol Sci & Technol, Shazhengjie 174, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China. EM yanglibme@cqu.edu.cn OI Xu, Kang/0000-0002-8492-2058; Yang, Li/0000-0001-6589-7195 FU Innovation and Attracting Talents Program for College and University ("111" Project) [B06023]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [11032012, 10902130, 30870608]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [CQDXWL-2014-007]; Visiting Scholar Foundation of Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education [CQKLBST-2014-003]; NIH [RO1 AR 47364, AR 60306] FX The authors thank Song Li (University of California, Berkeley, USA) and Zhenyu Tang (Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, People's Republic of China) for their helpful comments and suggestions on the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the Innovation and Attracting Talents Program for College and University ("111" Project) (B06023), National Natural Science Foundation of China (11032012, 10902130, and 30870608), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (CQDXWL-2014-007), Visiting Scholar Foundation of Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education (CQKLBST-2014-003), and NIH grants RO1 AR 47364 and AR 60306 (for C.M.C.). NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1547-3287 EI 1557-8534 J9 STEM CELLS DEV JI Stem Cells Dev. PD APR 1 PY 2015 VL 24 IS 7 BP 857 EP 868 DI 10.1089/scd.2014.0036 PG 12 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Transplantation SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Transplantation GA CD5VB UT WOS:000351155200006 PM 25381682 ER PT J AU Osamura, K Machiya, S Harjo, S Nakamoto, T Cheggour, N Nijhuis, A AF Osamura, Kozo Machiya, Shutaro Harjo, Stefanus Nakamoto, Tatsushi Cheggour, Najib Nijhuis, Arend TI Local strain exerted on Nb3Sn filaments in an ITER strand SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE superconductor; Nb3Sn; residual strain; ITER; neutron diffraction; diffraction elastic modulus; micromechanics ID DEPENDENCE; CONDUCTORS AB As part of an international project to benchmark facilities for measuring the strain dependence of critical current in International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) Nb3Sn strands, direct measurement of local strain exerted on Nb3Sn filaments was attempted at cryogenic temperature by means of a pulsed neutron technique. The lattice axial strain increased linearly with a slope close to unity against applied strain, while the thermal axial strain was -0.22% at 8.5 K. As a result, the force-free strain was evaluated to be 0.22-0.23%. This key parameter should provide an accurate estimate of the peak location of critical current versus applied strain. The lattice transverse strain decreased linearly as a function of applied strain with a slope of 0.33-0.34. The lattice strains of the Nb and Cu components were also measured and their behavior was analyzed by computing diffraction elastic moduli based on micromechanics theories. The stress-strain curve calculated according to the rule of mixtures described quite well the macroscopic curve measured for the present ITER Nb3Sn strand. C1 [Osamura, Kozo] Res Inst Appl Sci, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068202, Japan. [Machiya, Shutaro] Daido Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Minami Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4578530, Japan. [Harjo, Stefanus] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, J PARC Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Nakamoto, Tatsushi] High Energy Accelerator Org, KEK, Cryogen Sci Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Cheggour, Najib] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cheggour, Najib] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nijhuis, Arend] Univ Twente, Energy Mat & Syst, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. RP Osamura, K (reprint author), Res Inst Appl Sci, Sakyo Ku, Tanaka Ohi Cho 49, Kyoto 6068202, Japan. EM kozo_osamura@rias.or.jp FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan [26420669] FX Author expresses his hearty thanks to Dr C Scheuerlein, CERN for his valuable suggestions. This work was supported in part by a grant-in-aid of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (26420669). The neutron diffraction experiments were performed at TAKUMI of S-PARC/MLF as the general research subject (Proposal No. 2013B0098). Bronze-route Nb3Sn strand was provided by the ITER International Organization. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 EI 1361-6668 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 28 IS 4 AR 045016 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/28/4/045016 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CD4LY UT WOS:000351055500022 ER PT J AU Kao, YC Madenjian, CP Bunnell, DB Lofgren, BM Perroud, M AF Kao, Yu-Chun Madenjian, Charles P. Bunnell, David B. Lofgren, Brent M. Perroud, Marjorie TI Temperature effects induced by climate change on the growth and consumption by salmonines in Lakes Michigan and Huron SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Bioenergetics models; Salmonines; Lake michigan; Lake huron ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; THERMAL HABITAT; CHINOOK SALMON; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; FISH; TROUT; ONTARIO; TSHAWYTSCHA; PERFORMANCE AB We used bioenergetics models to investigate temperature effects induced by climate change on the growth and consumption by Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, and steelhead O. mykiss in Lakes Michigan and Huron. We updated biological inputs to account for recent changes in the food webs and used temperature inputs in response to regional climate observed in the baseline period (1964-1993) and projected in the future period (2043-2070). Bioenergetics simulations were run across multiple age-classes and across all four seasons in different scenarios of prey availability. Due to the increased capacity of prey consumption, future growth and consumption by these salmonines were projected to increase substantially when prey availability was not limited. When prey consumption remained constant, future growth of these salmonines was projected to decrease in most cases but increase in some cases where the increase in metabolic cost can be compensated by the decrease in waste (egestion and excretion) loss. Consumption by these salmonines was projected to increase the most during spring and fall when prey energy densities are relatively high. Such seasonality benefits their future growth through increasing annual gross energy intake. Our results indicated that lake trout and steelhead would be better adapted to the warming climate than Chinook salmon. To maintain baseline growth into the future, an increase of 10 % in baseline prey consumption was required for Chinook salmon but considerably smaller increases, or no increases, in prey consumption were needed by lake trout and steelhead. C1 [Kao, Yu-Chun] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Madenjian, Charles P.; Bunnell, David B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Lofgren, Brent M.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Perroud, Marjorie] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Kao, YC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM kyuchun@umich.edu RI Kao, Yu-Chun/E-1496-2017; OI Kao, Yu-Chun/0000-0001-5552-909X; Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747; Lofgren, Brent/0000-0003-2189-0914 FU U.S. Geological National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center FX We thank Michael Wiley and James Breck for providing valuable comments on an early draft of manuscript. We also thank Roger Bergstedt, Jixiang He, Gregory Jacobs, Amber Peters, and Jeffery Schaeffer for sharing unpublished data. Simon Hsu and Yo-Jin Shiau provided technical support. This research was funded by the U.S. Geological National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. This article is Contribution 1864 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD APR PY 2015 VL 98 IS 4 BP 1089 EP 1104 DI 10.1007/s10641-014-0352-6 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CC7RY UT WOS:000350567300011 ER PT J AU Dong, S Gao, JG Li, X Wei, Y Wang, L AF Dong Sheng Gao Junguo Li Xue Wei Yong Wang Liang TI A storm surge intensity classification based on extreme water level and concomitant wave height SO JOURNAL OF OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA LA English DT Article DE storm surge; Poisson Bi-variable Gumbel Logistic distribution; Poisson Bi-variable Log-normal distribution; intensity classification; joint return period ID PROBABILITY; PERIOD AB Storm surge is one of the predominant natural threats to coastal communities. Qingdao is located on the southern coast of the Shandong Peninsula in China. The storm surge disaster in Qingdao depends on various influencing factors such as the intensity, duration, and route of the passing typhoon, and thus a comprehensive understanding of natural coastal hazards is essential. In order to make up the defects of merely using the warning water level, this paper presents two statistical distribution models (Poisson Bi-variable Gumbel Logistic Distribution and Poisson Bi-variable Log-normal Distribution) to classify the intensity of storm surge. We emphasize the joint return period of typhoon-induced water levels and wave heights measured in the coastal area of Qingdao since 1949. The present study establishes a new criterion to classify the intensity grade of catastrophic storms using the typhoon surge estimated by the two models. A case study demonstrates that the new criterion is well defined in terms of probability concept, is easy to implement, and fits well the calculation of storm surge intensity. The procedures with the proposed statistical models would be useful for the disaster mitigation in other coastal areas influenced by typhoons. C1 [Dong Sheng; Gao Junguo; Li Xue; Wang Liang] Ocean Univ China, Coll Engn, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China. [Gao Junguo] SOS, Inst Oceanog 1, Qingdao 266061, Peoples R China. [Wei Yong] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wei Yong] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Dong, S (reprint author), Ocean Univ China, Coll Engn, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China. EM dongsh@ouc.edu.cn RI Wei, Yong/I-3462-2015 OI Wei, Yong/0000-0002-6908-1342 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51279186, 51479183]; National Program on Key Basic Research Project [2011 CB013704]; 111 Project [B14028]; Marine and Fishery Information Center Project of Jiangsu Province [SJC201411 0338] FX The study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51279186, 51479183), the National Program on Key Basic Research Project (2011 CB013704), the 111 Project (B14028), and the Marine and Fishery Information Center Project of Jiangsu Province (SJC201411 0338). NR 29 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU OCEAN UNIV CHINA PI QINGDAO PA 5 YUSHAN RD, QINGDAO, 266003, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1672-5182 EI 1993-5021 J9 J OCEAN U CHINA JI J. OCEAN UNIV. PD APR PY 2015 VL 14 IS 2 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1007/s11802-015-2342-5 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CC0WH UT WOS:000350058900006 ER PT J AU Nealon, R Price, DJ Nixon, CJ AF Nealon, Rebecca Price, Daniel J. Nixon, Chris J. TI On the Bardeen-Petterson effect in black hole accretion discs SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; black hole physics; hydrodynamics; galaxies: jets ID BINARY-SYSTEMS; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION; HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; MISALIGNED ACCRETION; GRMHD SIMULATIONS; WARP PROPAGATION; PARTICLE METHODS; MODERATELY THIN; DISKS; EVOLUTION AB We investigate the effect of black hole spin on warped or misaligned accretion discs - in particular (i) whether or not the inner disc edge aligns with the black hole spin and (ii) whether the disc can maintain a smooth transition between an aligned inner disc and a misaligned outer disc, known as the Bardeen-Petterson effect. We employ high-resolution 3D smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of alpha-discs subject to Lense-Thirring precession, focusing on the bending wave regime where the disc viscosity is smaller than the aspect ratio alpha less than or similar to H/R. We first address the controversy in the literature regarding possible steady-state oscillations of the tilt close to the black hole. We successfully recover such oscillations in 3D at both small and moderate inclinations (less than or similar to 15 degrees), provided both Lense-Thirring and Einstein precession are present, sufficient resolution is employed, and provided the disc is not so thick so as to simply accrete misaligned. Secondly, we find that discs inclined by more than a few degrees in general steepen and break rather than maintain a smooth transition, again in contrast to previous findings, but only once the disc scaleheight is adequately resolved. Finally, we find that when the disc plane is misaligned to the black hole spin by a large angle, the disc 'tears' into discrete rings which precess effectively independently and cause rapid accretion, consistent with previous findings in the diffusive regime (alpha greater than or similar to H/R). Thus, misalignment between the disc and the spin axis of the black hole provides a robust mechanism for growing black holes quickly, regardless of whether the disc is thick or thin. C1 [Nealon, Rebecca; Price, Daniel J.] Monash Univ, Monash Ctr Astrophys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Nealon, Rebecca; Price, Daniel J.] Monash Univ, Sch Math Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Nixon, Chris J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nixon, Chris J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nealon, R (reprint author), Monash Univ, Monash Ctr Astrophys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM rebecca.nealon@monash.edu RI Price, Daniel/A-8142-2016; OI Price, Daniel/0000-0002-4716-4235; Nixon, Christopher/0000-0002-2137-4146 FU Australian Postgraduate Award; Australian Research Council [FT130100034]; NASA through Einstein Fellowship Programme [PF2-130098]; Swinburne; Australian Government's Education Investment Fund FX We thank the anonymous referee, Gordon Ogilvie and Alessia Franchini for valuable comments that improved the manuscript. We thank Jim Pringle for supplying the original 1D code used to compute the LOP02 solution. We also thank Matthew Bate for useful discussions. RN is supported by an Australian Postgraduate Award. DJP is supported by a Future Fellowship (FT130100034) from the Australian Research Council. CN thanks NASA for support through the Einstein Fellowship Programme, grant PF2-130098. This work was performed on the gSTAR national facility at Swinburne University of Technology. gSTAR is funded by Swinburne and the Australian Government's Education Investment Fund. We used SPLASH (Price 2007) for the plots and visualizations. NR 46 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2015 VL 448 IS 2 BP 1526 EP 1540 DI 10.1093/mnras/stv014 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CC3UB UT WOS:000350274500037 ER PT J AU Foster, DG Parsons, GR Snodgrass, D Shah, A AF Foster, Daniel G. Parsons, Glenn R. Snodgrass, Derke Shah, Arvind TI At-sea factors that affect yellowfin tuna grade in the Gulf of Mexico pelagic longline tuna fishery SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Yellowfin tuna; Burnt tuna syndrome; Tuna quality; Hook timers ID BURNT TUNA; MUSCLE; QUALITY AB Burnt tuna syndrome (BTS) is a term used to describe changes in raw tuna (sashimi) that is characterized by pale color, poor texture, and an "off" flavor. This reduction in tuna quality results in a much lower price for the fisher and significantly affects the profitability of tuna fisheries. In this study, we examine how at-sea factors, including the capture process, affect the quality of yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares caught in the northern Gulf of Mexico pelagic longline fishery. Hook timers were used to record the elapsed time between a tuna taking the hook and its eventual landing. The elapsed time on the hook, tuna length, and fish boarded alive were found to be positively correlated with the proportion of tuna grading #1, while fish boarded dead and days on ice were found to be negatively correlated. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Foster, Daniel G.] NOAA, Harvesting Syst Unit, Fisheries Serv, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Parsons, Glenn R.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, University, MS 38677 USA. [Snodgrass, Derke] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Shah, Arvind] Merck Res Labs, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA. RP Foster, DG (reprint author), NOAA, Harvesting Syst Unit, Fisheries Serv, Mississippi Labs, 3209 Frederic St, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. EM Daniel.G.Foster@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries Service FX Funding for this project was provided by NOAA Fisheries Service. We are grateful for the efforts of the owners, captains, and crews of the vessels participating in the experiment. We thank the NOAA Pelagic Observer Program, especially Kenneth Keen, Sascha Cushner, Jimmy Rollo, Josh Sheldon, and Aaron Eichstedt. Additionally, we thank John Mitchell, Chris Gledhill and Alex Chester for reviewing the manuscript. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD APR PY 2015 VL 164 BP 59 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2014.10.013 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CB6LA UT WOS:000349737300007 ER PT J AU Newman, D Berkson, J Suatoni, L AF Newman, David Berkson, Jim Suatoni, Lisa TI Current methods for setting catch limits for data-limited fish stocks in the United States SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Data-limited; Data-moderate; Data-poor; Catch limits; Stock assessment ID FISHERIES; SITUATIONS AB This paper examines how the requirement for annual catch limits (ACLs) has been implemented for data-limited stocks in all federally-managed fisheries in the United States. The legal mandate to establish ACLs in the U.S. has spurred substantial scientific advances, including the development and adoption of at least 16 methods for establishing catch limits for data-limited fisheries. This study analyzed the assessment methods that form the basis of ACLs, those which determine the overfishing limits (OFLs) and the acceptable biological catches (ABCs). Nationally, 30% (150) of OFLs/ABCs are currently calculated using conventional data-rich assessment methods, 11% (59) using data-moderate methods, and 59%-(295) using data-poor approaches. There is substantial variation in the proportion of stocks that are currently managed with data-rich versus data-limited methods across regions, and there are clear geographical patterns in the types and diversity of methods being utilized to calculate OFLs/ABCs. Data-poor methods are the most commonly used OFL/ABC-setting methods in the U.S., particularly in the Southeast, Atlantic highly migratory species (HMS), Pacific, and Western Pacific regions. The Southeast and Atlantic HMS regions use some form of catch scalar or an ABC of zero landings for each data-limited stock. The Pacific and North Pacific regions currently employ a higher diversity of data-limited methods than any other region; these include both data-moderate methods and data-poor methods. Regional disparities in data-limited method development and implementation are attributed to regional differences in the number of stocks being managed, the data types and lengths of the time series available, and the resources dedicated to data processing and stock assessment. Recommendations for improving management of data-limited stocks include establishing a complete inventory of all available data for each managed stock, dedicating resources and expertise to data-limited method development and evaluation, and developing a more streamlined assessment process to handle the expanded volume of stocks requiring ACLs. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Newman, David; Suatoni, Lisa] Nat Resources Def Council, Oceans Program, New York, NY 10011 USA. [Berkson, Jim] Univ Florida, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, RTR Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Newman, D (reprint author), Nat Resources Def Council, Oceans Program, 40 West 20th St, New York, NY 10011 USA. EM dnewman@nrdc.org; jim.berkson@noaa.gov; lsuatoni@nrdc.org FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center FX The authors greatly appreciate the assistance from the following individuals for reviewing and verifying the classification and description of specific ABC-setting methods in each fishery management region: Chuck Adams, Tony Chute, Kiersten Curti, Kathy Sosebee, and Michele Traver of the NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center; Jessica Coakley and Jason Didden of the Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council; Tobey Curtis and Moira Kelly of the NMFS Greater Atlantic Regional Fisheries Office; John Carmichael and Mike Errigo of the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council; Bill Arnold and Graciela Garcia-Moliner of the Caribbean Fishery Management Council; Steve Altran of the Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council; Karyl Brewster-Geisz of the NMFS Highly Migratory Species Management Division; Alec MacCall and EJ. Dick of the NMFS Southwest Fishery Science Center; Jason Cope of the NMFS Northwest Fisheries Science Center; Grant Thompson of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center; and Marlowe Sabater of the NMFS Pacific Island Regional Office. The authors appreciate the important feedback provided by two anonymous reviewers and the assistant editor. David Newman and Lisa Suatoni would also like to acknowledge funding provided for this project by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the Kingfisher Foundation, the Panaphil Foundation, the Prospect Hill Foundation, and the Sarah K. de Coizart Perpetual Charitable Trust. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD APR PY 2015 VL 164 BP 86 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2014.10.018 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CB6LA UT WOS:000349737300010 ER PT J AU Williams, K Horne, JK Punt, AE AF Williams, Kresimir Horne, John K. Punt, Andre E. TI Examining influences of environmental, trawl gear, and fish population factors on midwater trawl performance using acoustic methods SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Gadus chalcogrammus; Acoustic surveys; Midwater trawls; Trawl selectivity; Trawl efficiency ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; COD GADUS-MORHUA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; BOTTOM TRAWL; ATLANTIC COD; TARGET-STRENGTH; LIGHT-INTENSITY; SILENT SHIPS; CATCHABILITY; SELECTIVITY AB The performance of midwater trawls used during acoustic surveys for walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) was estimated using a novel method of combining acoustic and catch information. Direct comparisons of acoustic and catch derived density showed a poor correlation between the two (r(2) = 0.07), suggesting this discrepancy might be in part due to trawl performance. Trawl efficiency and selectivity were determined by comparing acoustically derived fish density within the trawling volume with catch-based density in a modeling framework. Additional factors thought to potentially influence trawl performance, consisting of environmental conditions including water temperature, bottom and fishing depth, variables relating to survey methodology including survey vessel, codend liner, and the time of day when trawling occured, and fish population characteristics including spawning state and condition factor were evaluated in the models. Incorporating efficiency and selectivity parameters resulted in improved model fits, as did the addition of explanatory variables. Efficiency was found to be associated with the proportion of spawning fish in the catch, water temperature, and the time of day, while selectivity appeared to be influenced by condition factor and the survey vessel used. The acoustic-catch modeling approach confers advantages of making available large historic datasets where acoustic data was collected during trawling and providing sufficient contrasts in parameters of interest not easily achieved with direct trawl performance experiments. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Williams, Kresimir] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. [Horne, John K.; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Williams, K (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. EM kresimir.williams@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD APR PY 2015 VL 164 BP 94 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2014.11.001 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CB6LA UT WOS:000349737300011 ER PT J AU Bradburn, MJ Keller, AA AF Bradburn, Mark J. Keller, Aimee A. TI Impact of light on catch rate of four demersal fish species during the 2009-2010 US west coast groundfish bottom trawl survey SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Demersal fish; Near-bottom light-levels; Capture probability; Herding; Avoidance; Bottom trawl survey ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; SELECTIVE FLATFISH TRAWL; WALLEYE POLLOCK; CAPTURE EFFICIENCY; HERDING BEHAVIOR; INTENSITY; NET; ABUNDANCE; ROCKFISH; DESIGN AB To determine the influence of light on catch of demersal fish, we examined the relationship between near-bottom light levels, catch rates, and catch probability for four abundant groundfish species well represented in annual bottom trawl surveys on the U.S. west coast: arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias), greenstriped rockfish (Sebastes elongatus), longnose skate (Raja rhino), and Pacific hake (Merluccius productus). Relative downward irradiance was measured with MK-9 archival tags during annual trawl surveys along the U.S. west coast in 2009 and 2010. Near-bottom light levels were recorded for 818 hauls at depths less than 400 m. Significant linear relationships were observed between catch per unit effort (CPUE, kg ha(-1)) and near-bottom light (P < 0.05). CPUE of arrowtooth flounder, longnose skate, and Pacific hake was negatively related to near-bottom light. For these species, CPUE decreased 16-22% per unit increase in log(10) light (mu E m(-2) s(-1)). CPUE of greenstriped rockfish increased 39% per unit increase in logo light. Light, depth, and latitude explained 15-47% of the variance in CPUE for the four species. Catch probability was significantly related to light, depth, latitude, and relative time of day (P < 0.05). For all species, catch probability varied inversely with light when depth was less than 200 m. At depths of 200-300 m, catch probability increased with light for arrowtooth flounder and greenstriped rockfish. Catch probability for Pacific hake decreased slightly at depths greater than 200 m while longnose skate was relatively unaffected by light at these depths. We used these relationships to explain the variability in catch rates for individual species within bottom trawl surveys. By influencing the density and distribution of these groundfish species, light can alter catch rates. Furthermore, we found possible herding of greenstriped rockfish, and trawl avoidance by arrowtooth flounder, Pacific hake, and longnose skate. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bradburn, Mark J.; Keller, Aimee A.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Keller, AA (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM aimee.keller@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD APR PY 2015 VL 164 BP 193 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2014.11.010 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CB6LA UT WOS:000349737300023 ER PT J AU Wang, H Sheen, DA AF Wang, Hai Sheen, David A. TI Combustion kinetic model uncertainty quantification, propagation and minimization SO PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Combustion; Chemical kinetics; Kinetic modeling; Uncertainty quantification; UQ; Hydrocarbon fuels ID N-HEPTANE OXIDATION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; COUPLED REACTION SYSTEMS; GREENS-FUNCTION METHOD; BAYESIAN PROBABILISTIC APPROACH; GENERALIZED POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; STOCHASTIC PROJECTION METHOD; HYDROGEN OXYGEN KINETICS; FLAME REACTION-KINETICS; SHOCK-TUBE MEASUREMENTS AB The current interest in the combustion chemistry of hydrocarbon fuels, including the various alcohol and biodiesel compounds, motivates this review of the methods and application of kinetic uncertainty quantification (UQ). Our intent is to provide a self-contained review about the mathematical principles and methods of uncertainty quantification and their application in highly complex, multi-parameter combustion chemistry problems. We begin by outlining the reasons why the kinetic uncertainty must be considered and treated as a part of the combustion chemistry development in order to make progress. This is followed by a brief discussion about the sources and classification of kinetic uncertainties and the meanings and definitions of model verification and validation. We discuss the histories of UQ studies with an emphasis on how the combustion community has a long tradition of UQ consideration through standard sensitivity analysis. Such efforts have motivated the advancements of UQ methods specifically tailored to combustion chemistry. They also led to the recent growing interests in applying UQ methods as a part of our recommended long-term solution to the chemical kinetic problem of combustion. We then review and classify the various UQ methods and illustrate their applications for problems involving forward uncertainty quantification and propagation, and as an inverse problem leading to model uncertainty constraining. For the inverse problem, the focus of discussion is in the use of methods originating from Bayes' Theorem. We show that, for combustion chemistry problems, while UQ alone cannot produce precise, individual rate parameters, it can be instrumental in measuring the progress of our understanding of combustion chemistry and in utilizing fundamental combustion property data beyond a simple "agree-disagree" statement. When treated as a Bayesian inference problem, UQ also aids the development of predictive kinetic models in two ways: the use of fundamental combustion property data, global or local, to provide a better constrained kinetic model, and along with forward kinetic uncertainty propagation, to yield estimates for the confidence of a model to make predictions outside of the thermodynamic regimes where the model has been tested. We provide several examples to illustrate the utility of the UQ methods discussed and to demonstrate that, in the field of combustion chemistry, further progress will be better achieved through a combination of fundamental studies of reaction rates through well-defined and designed experiments and ab initio theoretical calculations, and of analyses of global experimental measurements. These studies together must be supplemented by UQ analyses, in such a way that a measurable progress can be made over time. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Hai] Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, High Temp Gas Dynam Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Sheen, David A.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, High Temp Gas Dynam Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Wang, Hai/A-1292-2009 OI Wang, Hai/0000-0001-6507-5503 FU Combustion Energy Frontier Research Center (CEFRC); Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001198] FX Work at Stanford was supported by the Combustion Energy Frontier Research Center (CEFRC), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001198. The authors are grateful to all anonymous reviewers for offering their perspectives, insights and suggestions. NR 274 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 10 U2 87 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1285 J9 PROG ENERG COMBUST JI Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. PD APR PY 2015 VL 47 BP 1 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.pecs.2014.10.002 PG 31 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CB4HL UT WOS:000349588700001 ER PT J AU Islam, T Srivastava, PK Dai, Q Gupta, M Zhuo, L AF Islam, Tanvir Srivastava, Prashant K. Dai, Qiang Gupta, Manika Zhuo, Lu TI Rain Rate Retrieval Algorithm for Conical-Scanning Microwave Imagers Aided by Random Forest, RReliefF, and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (RAMARS) SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Brightness temperature (TB); passive microwave (PMW); precipitation estimation; precipitation radar; global precipitation measurement (GPM); constellation; radiometer; hurricane ID PROFILING ALGORITHM; CHANNELS; RADAR; GPROF AB This paper proposes a rain rate retrieval algorithm for conical-scanning microwave imagers (RAMARS), as an alternative to the NASA Goddard profiling (GPROF) algorithm, that does not rely on any a priori information. The fundamental basis of the RAMARS follows the concept of the GPROF algorithm, which means, being consistent with the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar rain rate observations, but independent of any auxiliary information. The RAMARS is built upon the combination of state-of-the-art machine learning and regression techniques, comprising of random forest algorithm, RReliefF, and multivariate adaptive regression splines. The RAMARS is applicable to both over ocean and land as well as coast surface terrains. It has been demonstrated that, when comparing with the TRMM Precipitation Radar observations, the performance of the RAMARS algorithm is comparable with the 2A12 GPROF algorithm. Furthermore, the RAMARS has been applied to two cyclonic cases, hurricane Sandy in 2012, and cyclone Mahasen in 2013, showing a very good capability to reproduce the structure and intensity of the cyclone fields. The RAMARS is highly flexible, because of its four processing components, making it extremely suitable for use to other passive microwave imagers in the global precipitation measurement (GPM) constellation. C1 [Islam, Tanvir] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Islam, Tanvir] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Islam, Tanvir; Srivastava, Prashant K.; Dai, Qiang; Zhuo, Lu] Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. [Srivastava, Prashant K.; Gupta, Manika] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gupta, Manika] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Islam, T (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM tanvir.islam@noaa.gov; prashant.k.srivastava@nasa.gov; q.dai@bristol.ac.uk; manikagup@gmail.com; lz7913@bristol.ac.uk OI Islam, Tanvir/0000-0003-2429-3074 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-437X EI 1558-1748 J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD APR PY 2015 VL 15 IS 4 BP 2186 EP 2193 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2014.2372814 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CB4UD UT WOS:000349622800004 ER PT J AU McCaffrey, K Fox-Kemper, B Hamlington, PE Thomson, J AF McCaffrey, Katherine Fox-Kemper, Baylor Hamlington, Peter E. Thomson, Jim TI Characterization of turbulence anisotropy, coherence, and intermittency at a prospective tidal energy site: Observational data analysis SO RENEWABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Turbulence; Tidal energy; Anisotropy; Coherence; Intermittency ID MARINE CURRENT TURBINES; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; PUGET-SOUND; PART II; CHANNEL; FLOWS; MESOSCALE; SPECTRUM; SYSTEM; MODEL AB As interest in marine renewable energy increases, observations are crucial for understanding the envitonments that prospective turbines will encounter. Data from an acoustic Doppler velocimeter in Puget Sound, WA are used to perform a detailed characterization of the turbulent flow encountered by a turbine in a tidal strait. Metrics such as turbulence intensity, structure functions, probability density functions, intermittency, coherent turbulence kinetic energy, anisotropy invariants, and a new scalar measure of anisotropy are used to characterize the turbulence. The results indicate that the scalar anisotropy magnitude can be used to identify and parameterize coherent, turbulent events in the flow. An analysis of the anisotropy characteristics leads to a physical description of turbulent stresses as being primarily one- or two-dimensional, in contrast to isotropic, three-dimensional turbulence. A new measure of the anisotropy magnitude is introduced to quantify the level of anisotropic, coherent turbulence in a coordinate-independent way. These diagnostics and results will be useful for improved realism in modeling the performance and loading of turbines in realistic ocean environments. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McCaffrey, Katherine] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fox-Kemper, Baylor] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fox-Kemper, Baylor] Brown Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Hamlington, Peter E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Thomson, Jim] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP McCaffrey, K (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM katherine.mccaffrey@noaa.gov RI Fox-Kemper, Baylor/A-1159-2007 OI Fox-Kemper, Baylor/0000-0002-2871-2048 FU DOE Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center; NSF [1258995, 1258907, 0934737]; NOAA-ESRL/CIRES Graduate Research Fellowship FX Thanks are due to Levi Kilcher of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for his input. Also, the APL-UW staff for help in field data collection: Joe Talbert, Alex deKlerk, and Capt. Andy Reay-Ellers. And Brian Polagye (UW) and Marshall Richmond (PNNL) for experiment planning. JT was partially supported by DOE Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center. BF-K and PH are partially supported by NSF 1258995, 1258907, and 0934737. KM is supported by the NOAA-ESRL/CIRES Graduate Research Fellowship. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-1481 J9 RENEW ENERG JI Renew. Energy PD APR PY 2015 VL 76 BP 441 EP 453 DI 10.1016/j.renene.2014.11.063 PG 13 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA CA5NP UT WOS:000348955400048 ER PT J AU Hale, LM Lim, H Zimmerman, JA Battaile, CC Weinberger, CR AF Hale, Lucas M. Lim, Hojun Zimmerman, Jonathan A. Battaile, Corbett C. Weinberger, Christopher R. TI Insights on activation enthalpy for non-Schmid slip in body-centered cubic metals SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Dislocations; Slip; bcc metals; Iron ID NON-GLIDE STRESSES; SCREW DISLOCATIONS; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; ANISOTROPIC ELASTICITY; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; CORE STRUCTURE; BCC METALS; MOLYBDENUM; MOTION; TEMPERATURE AB We use insights gained from atomistic simulation to develop an activation enthalpy model for dislocation slip in body-centered cubic iron. Using a classical potential that predicts dislocation core stabilities consistent with ab initio predictions, we quantify the non-Schmid stress-dependent effects of slip. The kink-pair activation enthalpy is evaluated and a model is identified as a function of the general stress state. Our model enlarges the applicability of the classic Kocks activation enthalpy model to materials with non-Schmid behavior. (C) 2014 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hale, Lucas M.; Zimmerman, Jonathan A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Mech Mat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Lim, Hojun; Battaile, Corbett C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Computat Mat & Data Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Weinberger, Christopher R.] Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Hale, LM (reprint author), NIST, Thermodynam & Kinet Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lmhale99@gmail.com FU Advanced Simulation and Computing - Physics and Engineering Models (ASC-P&EM) program at Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work is supported by the Advanced Simulation and Computing - Physics and Engineering Models (ASC-P&EM) program at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed-Martin Corporation, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD APR 1 PY 2015 VL 99 BP 89 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2014.11.035 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CA4NK UT WOS:000348881100023 ER PT J AU Smith, WHF Scharroo, R AF Smith, Walter H. F. Scharroo, Remko TI Waveform Aliasing in Satellite Radar Altimetry SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Geophysical sea measurements; ocean surface; pulse compression methods; pulse measurements; pulse modulation; radar altimetry; radar remote sensing; signal sampling; spaceborne radar; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID IMPULSE-RESPONSE; ROUGH-SURFACE; HEIGHT; ATTITUDE; JASON-1; SYSTEM; NOISE; ECHO AB The full deramp pulse compression scheme employed by satellite radar altimeters digitizes each radar echo at a sampling rate matched to the chirp bandwidth. Echo power is undersampled by a factor of 2 when the power samples are simply obtained by squaring the magnitude of the echo samples, without first resampling, as is done in all altimeters to date. This results in inadequate sampling of the leading edge of the waveform if the significant wave height (SWH) is low. For a typical Ku-band altimeter with a chirp bandwidth of 320 MHz, simple squaring should be inadequate over ocean surfaces with SWH less than 2 m, that is, half of the ocean. Simply zero-padding the digital samples prior to range Fourier transform alleviates the problem introduced by magnitude squaring. Data from the CryoSat altimeter are used to demonstrate this remedy, and it is found that this reduces the variance in estimated range by 10% and in SWH by 20%. These improvements are confined to a range of SWH values between 1 and 4 m. Zero-padding also seems to have some small impact on values estimated over very flat surfaces (SWH << 1 m), although theory suggests that better resolution of such surfaces would require a bandwidth exceeding 320 MHz. The 500-MHz bandwidth of the Ka-band altimeter on the Satellite with ARGOS and AltiKa mission should encounter these difficulties at smaller SWH values. Onboard range tracking and automatic gain control loops in future altimeters might be improved if zero-padding were employed during onboard waveform processing. C1 [Smith, Walter H. F.; Scharroo, Remko] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Lab Satellite Altimetry, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Smith, WHF (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Lab Satellite Altimetry, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Walter.HF.Smith@noaa.gov; remko.scharroo@eumetsat.int RI Smith, Walter/F-5627-2010 OI Smith, Walter/0000-0002-8814-015X FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX This work was supported in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Jason and Ocean Remote Sensing Programs. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 59 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2015 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1671 EP 1682 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2014.2331193 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AR9NQ UT WOS:000343902300001 ER PT J AU Kinnane, MN Hudson, LT Henins, A Mendenhall, MH AF Kinnane, Mark N. Hudson, Lawrence T. Henins, Albert Mendenhall, Marcus H. TI A simple method for high-precision calibration of long-range errors in an angle encoder using an electronic nulling autocollimator SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE angular metrology; angle; autocollimator; encoder; x-ray; xrd; circle closure AB We describe a simple method for high-precision rotary angle encoder calibration for long-range angular errors. By using a redesigned electronic nulling autocollimator, an optical-polygon artifact is calibrated simultaneously with determining the encoder error function over a rotation of 2 pi rad. The technique is applied to the NIST vacuum double crystal spectrometer, which depends on precise measurement of diffraction angles to determine absolute x-ray wavelengths. By oversampling, the method returned the encoder error function with an expanded uncertainty (k = 2) of 0.004 s of plane angle. Knowledge of the error function permits the instrument to make individual encoder readings with an accuracy of 0.06 s (k = 2), which is limited primarily by the least count and noise of the encoder electronics. While the error function lay within the nominal specifications, it differed from the intrinsic factory curve, indicating the need for in situ calibration in high-precision applications. C1 [Kinnane, Mark N.; Hudson, Lawrence T.; Henins, Albert; Mendenhall, Marcus H.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mendenhall, Marcus H.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Kinnane, MN (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marcus.mendenhall@nist.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD APR PY 2015 VL 52 IS 2 BP 244 EP 250 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/52/2/244 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CE9IP UT WOS:000352157800008 ER PT J AU Gillis, KA Mehl, JB Schmidt, JW Moldover, MR AF Gillis, K. A. Mehl, J. B. Schmidt, J. W. Moldover, M. R. TI 'Weighing' a gas with microwave and acoustic resonances SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE volume; pressure vessel; flow metrology; flow calibrations; acoustic resonances; microwave resonances; temperature ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; FLOW STANDARD; TEMPERATURES; SPEED; ARGON; SOUND AB With calibrations of large flow meters in mind, we established the feasibility of determining the mass M of argon gas contained within a 0.3 m(3) commercially manufactured pressure vessel ('tank') with a relative standard uncertainty of u(r)(M) = 0.0016 at 0.6 MPa by combining the measured argon pressure and the measured microwave and acoustic resonance frequencies within the pressure vessel with an accurate equation of state for argon. (All stated uncertainties correspond to the 68% confidence level.) Previously, we used microwaves to determine the tank's internal volume V-micro with u(r)(V) = 0.0006 and to determine the thermal expansion of the volume (Moldover et al 2015 Meas. Sci. Tech. 26 015304). Here, we show that the microwave results accurately predict the wavenumbers k(calc) of the four lowest-frequency acoustic modes of the gas. When we compared k(calc) to the measured wavenumbers k(meas), which included corrections for known perturbations, such as the tank's calculated pressure-dependent center-of-mass motion (but not the tank's vibrational modes), the inconsistency of the ratio k(meas)/k(calc) among the modes was the largest component of ur(M). Because the resonance frequencies f(calc) of the acoustic modes depend on the average speed of sound (and therefore the average temperature) of the gas in the tank, first-order perturbation theory predicts that f(calc) for a rigid cylindrical cavity is independent of linear temperature gradients. Consistent with this prediction, the average of f(meas) for the 3 lowest-frequency, non-degenerate longitudinal modes changed only Delta f(meas)/f(meas) = (0.2 +/- 1.3) x 10(-4) when, near ambient temperature, we heated the tank's top 13 K warmer than its bottom. However, we observed a linear dependence on Delta T for the average of f(meas) for the nearly-degenerate doublet modes, which the rigid cylinder theory does not predict. We argue that the linear dependence on Delta T was caused by anisotropic changes in the tank's shape in response to the applied temperature gradient. We conclude that resonance frequencies can be used to 'weigh' the compressed gas in much larger tanks, which are possibly made from ferromagnetic steel and possibly at high pressures in un-thermostatted environments; therefore, resonance measurements will have many applications in gas metrology. C1 [Gillis, K. A.; Schmidt, J. W.; Moldover, M. R.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gillis, KA (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM keith.gillis@nist.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD APR PY 2015 VL 52 IS 2 BP 337 EP 352 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/52/2/337 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CE9IP UT WOS:000352157800020 ER PT J AU Azuma, Y Barat, P Bartl, G Bettin, H Borys, M Busch, I Cibik, L D'Agostino, G Fujii, K Fujimoto, H Hioki, A Krumrey, M Kuetgens, U Kuramoto, N Mana, G Massa, E Meess, R Mizushima, S Narukawa, T Nicolaus, A Pramann, A Rabb, SA Rienitz, O Sasso, C Stock, M Vocke, RD Waseda, A Wundrack, S Zakel, S AF Azuma, Y. Barat, P. Bartl, G. Bettin, H. Borys, M. Busch, I. Cibik, L. D'Agostino, G. Fujii, K. Fujimoto, H. Hioki, A. Krumrey, M. Kuetgens, U. Kuramoto, N. Mana, G. Massa, E. Meess, R. Mizushima, S. Narukawa, T. Nicolaus, A. Pramann, A. Rabb, S. A. Rienitz, O. Sasso, C. Stock, M. Vocke, R. D., Jr. Waseda, A. Wundrack, S. Zakel, S. TI Improved measurement results for the Avogadro constant using a Si-28-enriched crystal SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Avogadro constant; kilogram; Planck constant; enriched silicon; molar mass; lattice parameter; interferometry ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; HIGHLY ENRICHED SI-28; KG SILICON SPHERE; MASS MEASUREMENT; MOLAR-MASS; VOLUME DETERMINATION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; YOUNGS MODULUS; WATT BALANCE; SI SPHERES AB New results are reported from an ongoing international research effort to accurately determine the Avogadro constant by counting the atoms in an isotopically enriched silicon crystal. The surfaces of two Si-28-enriched spheres were decontaminated and reworked in order to produce an outer surface without metal contamination and improved sphericity. New measurements were then made on these two reconditioned spheres using improved methods and apparatuses. When combined with other recently refined parameter measurements, the Avogadro constant derived from these new results has a value of N-A = 6.022 140 76(12) x 10(23) mol(-1). The x-ray crystal density method has thus achieved the target relative standard uncertainty of 2.0 x 10(-8) necessary for the realization of the definition of the new kilogram. C1 [Azuma, Y.; Fujii, K.; Fujimoto, H.; Hioki, A.; Kuramoto, N.; Mizushima, S.; Narukawa, T.; Waseda, A.] Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan. [Barat, P.; Stock, M.] Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. [Bartl, G.; Bettin, H.; Borys, M.; Busch, I.; Cibik, L.; Krumrey, M.; Kuetgens, U.; Meess, R.; Nicolaus, A.; Pramann, A.; Rienitz, O.; Wundrack, S.; Zakel, S.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [D'Agostino, G.; Mana, G.; Massa, E.; Sasso, C.] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol INRIM, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Rabb, S. A.; Vocke, R. D., Jr.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Azuma, Y (reprint author), Natl Metrol Inst Japan, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan. EM horst.bettin@ptb.de RI Sasso, Carlo/G-4591-2015; Massa, Enrico/J-2248-2015; Krumrey, Michael/G-6295-2011; Mana, Giovanni/G-9435-2013; Dr. Zakel, Sabine/B-1781-2016 OI Sasso, Carlo/0000-0002-5715-7688; Massa, Enrico/0000-0002-7764-3106; Mana, Giovanni/0000-0002-4109-7254; Dr. Zakel, Sabine/0000-0002-6244-4382 FU European Association of National Metrology Institutes (EURAMET); European Union; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [KAKENHI 24360037]; Italian ministry of education, university, and research [P6-2013] FX This work was jointly funded by the European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP) participating countries within the European Association of National Metrology Institutes (EURAMET) and the European Union.; It was also supported in part by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (KAKENHI 24360037) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and the Italian ministry of education, university, and research (awarded project P6-2013, implementation of the new SI). NR 66 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 7 U2 28 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD APR PY 2015 VL 52 IS 2 BP 360 EP 375 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/52/2/360 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CE9IP UT WOS:000352157800022 ER PT J AU Tomlin, NA White, M Vayshenker, I Woods, SI Lehman, JH AF Tomlin, N. A. White, M. Vayshenker, I. Woods, S. I. Lehman, J. H. TI Planar electrical-substitution carbon nanotube cryogenic radiometer SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE electrical-substitution; cryogenic radiometer; bolometer; vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes; optical fiber; optical power ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; REFLECTANCE; ABSORBER AB We have developed a fully-lithographic electrical-substitution planar bolometric-radiometer (PBR) that employs multiwall vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNT) as the absorber and thermistor, micro-machined Si as the weak thermal link and thin-film Mo as the electrical heater. The near-unity absorption of the VACNT over a broad wavelength range permits a planar geometry, compatible with lithographic fabrication. We present performance results on a PBR with an absorption of 0.999 35 at 1550 nm, a thermal conductance of 456 mu W K-1 at 4 K and a time constant (1/e) of 7.7 ms. A single measurement of approximately 100 mu W optical power at 1550 nm achieved in less than 100 s yields an expanded uncertainty of 0.14% (k = 2). We also observe an elevated superconducting transition temperature of 3.884 K for the Mo heater, which opens the possibility of future devices incorporating more sensitive thermistors and superconducting thin-film wiring. C1 [Tomlin, N. A.; White, M.; Vayshenker, I.; Lehman, J. H.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Woods, S. I.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tomlin, NA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM nathan.tomlin@nist.gov OI Tomlin, Nathan/0000-0002-8313-9045 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD APR PY 2015 VL 52 IS 2 BP 376 EP 383 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/52/2/376 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CE9IP UT WOS:000352157800023 ER PT J AU Schlamminger, S Steiner, RL Haddad, D Newell, DB Seifert, F Chao, LS Liu, R Williams, ER Pratt, JR AF Schlamminger, S. Steiner, R. L. Haddad, D. Newell, D. B. Seifert, F. Chao, L. S. Liu, R. Williams, E. R. Pratt, J. R. TI A summary of the Planck constant measurements using a watt balance with a superconducting solenoid at NIST SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Planck constant; electronic kilogram; watt balance AB Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology have been using a watt balance, NIST-3, to measure the Planck constant h for over ten years. Two recently published values disagree by more than one standard uncertainty. The motivation for the present short communication is twofold. First, we correct the latest published number to take into account a recently discovered systematic error in mass dissemination at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. Second, we provide guidance on how to combine the two numbers into one final result. In order to adequately reflect the discrepancy, we added an additional systematic uncertainty to the published uncertainty budgets. The final value of h measured with NIST-3 is h = 6.626069 36(37) x 10(-34) J s. This result is 77(57) x 10(-9) fractionally higher than h(90). Each number in parentheses gives the value of the standard uncertainty in the last two digits of the respective value and h(90) is the conventional value of the Planck constant given by h(90) equivalent to 4/((KJ-90RK-90)-R-2), where KJ-90 and RK-90 denote the conventional values of the Josephson and von Klitzing constants, respectively. C1 [Schlamminger, S.; Steiner, R. L.; Newell, D. B.; Chao, L. S.; Liu, R.; Williams, E. R.; Pratt, J. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Haddad, D.; Seifert, F.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Haddad, D.; Seifert, F.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schlamminger, S (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8171, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephan.schlamminger@nist.gov NR 6 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD APR PY 2015 VL 52 IS 2 BP L5 EP L8 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/52/2/L5 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CE9IP UT WOS:000352157800001 ER PT J AU Su, SW Gou, SC Liu, IK Spielman, IB Santos, L Acus, A Mekys, A Ruseckas, J Juzeliunas, G AF Su, S-W Gou, S-C Liu, I-K Spielman, I. B. Santos, L. Acus, A. Mekys, A. Ruseckas, J. Juzeliunas, G. TI Position-dependent spin-orbit coupling for ultracold atoms SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE spin-orbit coupling; Bose-Einstein condesate; frustration; stripe; vortex ID NEUTRAL ATOMS; FIELDS AB We theoretically explore atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) subject to position-dependent spin-orbit coupling (SOC). This SOC can be produced by cyclically laser coupling four internal atomic ground (or metastable) states in an environment where the detuning from resonance depends on position. The resulting spin-orbit coupled BEC (SOBEC) phase separates into domains, each of which contain density modulations-stripes-aligned either along the x or y direction. In each domain, the stripe orientation is determined by the sign of the local detuning. When these stripes have mismatched spatial periods along domain boundaries, non-trivial topological spin textures form at the interface, including skyrmions-like spin vortices and anti-vortices. In contrast to vortices present in conventional rotating BECs, these spin-vortices are stable topological defects that are not present in the corresponding homogenous stripe-phase SOBECs. C1 [Su, S-W; Gou, S-C; Liu, I-K] Natl Changhua Univ Educ, Dept Phys, Changhua 50058, Taiwan. [Su, S-W; Gou, S-C; Liu, I-K] Natl Changhua Univ Educ, Grad Inst Photon, Changhua 50058, Taiwan. [Gou, S-C] Natl Ctr Theoret Sci, Div Phys, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Spielman, I. B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Santos, L.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Theoret Phys, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Acus, A.; Mekys, A.; Ruseckas, J.; Juzeliunas, G.] Vilnius Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. RP Su, SW (reprint author), Natl Changhua Univ Educ, Dept Phys, Changhua 50058, Taiwan. EM ian.spielman@nist.gov; Gediminas.Juzeliunas@tfai.vu.lt FU ARO's atomtronics MURI; AFOSR's Quantum Matter MURI; NIST; NSF through the PFC at the JQI; Research Council of Lithuania [MIP-082/2012]; Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan [MOST103-2112-M-018-002-MY3, 103-2923-M-007-001]; German Science Foundation [GRK 1729] FX We appreciate enlightening conversations with our good friends. IBS was partially supported by the ARO's atomtronics MURI, the AFOSR's Quantum Matter MURI, NIST, and the NSF through the PFC at the JQI. GJ acknowledges the support by the Research Council of Lithuania (Grant No. MIP-082/2012). SCG and SWS are supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Grant No. MOST103-2112-M-018-002-MY3 and 103-2923-M-007-001). LS would like to thank the support of the German Science Foundation (GRK 1729). NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD MAR 31 PY 2015 VL 17 AR 033045 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/17/3/033045 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CF9RN UT WOS:000352903800003 ER PT J AU Silber, GK Adams, JD Asaro, MJ Cole, TVN Moore, KS Ward-Geiger, LI Zoodsma, BJ AF Silber, Gregory K. Adams, Jeffrey D. Asaro, Michael J. Cole, Timothy V. N. Moore, Katie S. Ward-Geiger, Leslie I. Zoodsma, Barbara J. TI The right whale mandatory ship reporting system: a retrospective SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Endangered whale; US energy imports; North Atlantic right whale; Ship collisions; International Maritime Organization; Shipping industry; Endangered whale; Underwater noise; Economic recession ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; STRESS; TRENDS AB In 1998, the United States sought and received International Maritime Organization-endorsement of two Mandatory Ship Reporting (MSR) systems designed to improve mariner awareness about averting ship collisions with the endangered North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis). Vessel collisions are a serious threat to the right whale and the program was among the first formal attempts to reduce this threat. Under the provisions of the MSR, all ships >300 gross tons are required to report their location, speed, and destination to a shore-based station when entering two key right whale habitats: one in waters off New England and one off coastal Georgia and Florida. In return, reporting ships receive an automatically-generated message, delivered directly to the ship's bridge, that provides information about right whale vulnerability to vessel collisions and actions mariners can take to avoid collisions. The MSR has been in operation continuously from July 1999 to the present. Archived incoming reports provided a 15-plus year history of ship operations in these two locations. We analyzed a total of 26,772 incoming MSR messages logged between July 1999 and December 2013. Most ships that were required to report did so, and compliance rates were generally constant throughout the study period. Self-reported vessel speeds when entering the systems indicated that most ships travelled between 10 and 16 (range = 5-20+) knots. Ship speeds generally decreased in 2009 to 2013 following implementation of vessel speed restrictions. The number of reports into the southern system remained relatively constant following a steady increase through 2007, but numbers in the northern system decreased annually beginning in 2008. If reporting is indicative of long-term patterns in shipping operations, it reflects noteworthy changes in marine transportation. Observed declines in ship traffic are likely attributable to the 2008-2009 economic recession, the containerized shipping industry making increased use of larger ships that made fewer trips, and diminished oil/gas US imports as previously inaccessible domestic deposits were exploited. Recent declines in shipping activity likely resulted in lowered collision risks for right whales and reduced their exposure to underwater noise from ships. C1 [Silber, Gregory K.] NOAA, Off Protected Resources, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Adams, Jeffrey D.] NOAA, Ocean Associates Inc, Contract Off Protected Resources, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Asaro, Michael J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Gloucester, MA USA. [Cole, Timothy V. N.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Moore, Katie S.] US Coast Guard, Atlantic Area Command Maritime Secur, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Moore, Katie S.] Law Enforcement Sect, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Ward-Geiger, Leslie I.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Zoodsma, Barbara J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fernandina Beach, FL USA. RP Silber, GK (reprint author), NOAA, Off Protected Resources, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM greg.silber@noaa.gov FU US Coast Guard; US National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) FX Funding to operate and administer the Mandatory Ship Reporting system-the program under study here-was provided completely, and shared equally, by the US Coast Guard and the US National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). Staff time (e.g., salaries) to conduct data analysis and prepare the manuscript was provided by NMFS's Office of Protected Resources. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 13 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD MAR 31 PY 2015 VL 3 AR e866 DI 10.7717/peerj.866 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CF1IU UT WOS:000352299200003 PM 25861555 ER PT J AU Maghrebi, MF Yao, NY Hafezi, M Pohl, T Firstenberg, O Gorshkov, AV AF Maghrebi, Mohammad F. Yao, Norman Y. Hafezi, Mohammad Pohl, Thomas Firstenberg, Ofer Gorshkov, Alexey V. TI Fractional quantum Hall states of Rydberg polaritons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; SUPERCONDUCTING CIRCUITS; TRAPPED ATOM; SPIN LIQUID; PHOTON; GAS; EXCITATIONS; INFORMATION; CAVITY AB We propose a scheme for realizing fractional quantum Hall states of light. In our scheme, photons of two polarizations are coupled to different atomic Rydberg states to form two flavors of Rydberg polaritons that behave as an effective spin. An array of optical cavity modes overlapping with the atomic cloud enables the realization of an effective spin-1/2 lattice. We show that the dipolar interaction between such polaritons, inherited from the Rydberg states, can be exploited to create a flat, topological band for a single spin-flip excitation. At half filling, this gives rise to a photonic (or polaritonic) fractional Chern insulator-a lattice-based, fractional quantum Hall state of light. C1 [Maghrebi, Mohammad F.; Hafezi, Mohammad; Gorshkov, Alexey V.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Maghrebi, Mohammad F.; Gorshkov, Alexey V.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yao, Norman Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hafezi, Mohammad] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hafezi, Mohammad] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pohl, Thomas] Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. [Firstenberg, Ofer] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Phys Complex Syst, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Maghrebi, MF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008; Hafezi, Mohammad/A-1197-2008 OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421; Hafezi, Mohammad/0000-0003-1679-4880 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) PFC at the JQI; NSF PIF; Army Research Office (ARO); Army Research Laboratory (ARL); ARO MURI; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); AFOSR MURI; Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science; Israel Science Foundation (ISF); Zumbi Stiftung; EU through the Marie Curie ITN "COHERENCE" and EU-FET [HAIRS 612862] FX We thank N. Henkel, M. Lukin, and Z.-X. Gong for discussions. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) PFC at the JQI, NSF PIF, Army Research Office (ARO), Army Research Laboratory (ARL), ARO MURI, Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), AFOSR MURI, the Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, Israel Science Foundation (ISF), the Zumbi Stiftung, and the EU through the Marie Curie ITN "COHERENCE" and EU-FET Grant No. HAIRS 612862. NR 82 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 31 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 3 AR 033838 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.91.033838 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CE7YT UT WOS:000352058600004 ER PT J AU Alonso, RS McClintock, BT Lyren, LM Boydston, EE Crooks, KR AF Alonso, Robert S. McClintock, Brett T. Lyren, Lisa M. Boydston, Erin E. Crooks, Kevin R. TI Mark-Recapture and Mark-Resight Methods for Estimating Abundance with Remote Cameras: A Carnivore Case Study SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID AUTOMATICALLY TRIGGERED CAMERAS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; HOME-RANGE; POPULATION; DENSITY; MODELS; BOBCATS; INFERENCE AB Abundance estimation of carnivore populations is difficult and has prompted the use of non-invasive detection methods, such as remotely-triggered cameras, to collect data. To analyze photo data, studies focusing on carnivores with unique pelage patterns have utilized a mark-recapture framework and studies of carnivores without unique pelage patterns have used a mark-resight framework. We compared mark-resight and mark-recapture estimation methods to estimate bobcat (Lynx rufus) population sizes, which motivated the development of a new "hybrid" mark-resight model as an alternative to traditional methods. We deployed a sampling grid of 30 cameras throughout the urban southern California study area. Additionally, we physically captured and marked a subset of the bobcat population with GPS telemetry collars. Since we could identify individual bobcats with photos of unique pelage patterns and a subset of the population was physically marked, we were able to use traditional mark-recapture and mark-resight methods, as well as the new "hybrid" mark-resight model we developed to estimate bobcat abundance. We recorded 109 bobcat photos during 4,669 camera nights and physically marked 27 bobcats with GPS telemetry collars. Abundance estimates produced by the traditional mark-recapture, traditional mark-resight, and "hybrid" mark-resight methods were similar, however precision differed depending on the models used. Traditional mark-recapture and mark-resight estimates were relatively imprecise with percent confidence interval lengths exceeding 100% of point estimates. Hybrid mark-resight models produced better precision with percent confidence intervals not exceeding 57%. The increased precision of the hybrid mark-resight method stems from utilizing the complete encounter histories of physically marked individuals (including those never detected by a camera trap) and the encounter histories of naturally marked individuals detected at camera traps. This new estimator may be particularly useful for estimating abundance of uniquely identifiable species that are difficult to sample using camera traps alone. C1 [Alonso, Robert S.; Crooks, Kevin R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Alonso, Robert S.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Biol Resources Discipline, Thousand Oaks, CA USA. [McClintock, Brett T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lyren, Lisa M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Biol Resources Discipline, Carlsbad, CA USA. RP Crooks, KR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kevin.crooks@colostate.edu FU Nature Conservancy; Irvine Company; National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease research program [NSF-EF 0723676, NSF-DEB 1413925] FX Funding support was provided by The Nature Conservancy, The Irvine Company, the Transportation Corridor Agencies, and the National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease research program (NSF-EF 0723676; NSF-DEB 1413925). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 59 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 30 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 3 AR e0123032 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0123032 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CE9AD UT WOS:000352134700214 PM 25822245 ER PT J AU Verhougstraete, MP Brothers, S Litaker, W Blackwood, AD Noble, R AF Verhougstraete, Marc Paul Brothers, Sydney Litaker, Wayne Blackwood, A. Denene Noble, Rachel TI Lessons Learned from Implementing a Wet Laboratory Molecular Training Workshop for Beach Water Quality Monitoring SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RAPIDLY MEASURED INDICATORS; ILLNESS; ENTEROCOCCUS; SCIENCE; ENUMERATION; CALIFORNIA; LITERACY; MODEL AB Rapid molecular testing methods are poised to replace many of the conventional, culture-based tests currently used in fields such as water quality and food science. Rapid qPCR methods have the benefit of being faster than conventional methods and provide a means to more accurately protect public health. However, many scientists and technicians in water and food quality microbiology laboratories have limited experience using these molecular tests. To ensure that practitioners can use and implement qPCR techniques successfully, we developed a week long workshop to provide hands-on training and exposure to rapid molecular methods for water quality management. This workshop trained academic professors, government employees, private industry representatives, and graduate students in rapid qPCR methods for monitoring recreational water quality. Attendees were immersed in these new methods with hands-on laboratory sessions, lectures, and one-on-one training. Upon completion, the attendees gained sufficient knowledge and practice to teach and share these new molecular techniques with colleagues at their respective laboratories. Key findings from this workshop demonstrated: 1) participants with no prior experience could be effectively trained to conduct highly repeatable qPCR analysis in one week; 2) participants with different desirable outcomes required exposure to a range of different platforms and sample processing approaches; and 3) the collaborative interaction amongst newly trained practitioners, workshop leaders, and members of the water quality community helped foster a cohesive cohort of individuals which can advocate powerful cohort for proper implementation of molecular methods. C1 [Verhougstraete, Marc Paul] Univ Arizona, Mel & Enid Zuckerman Coll Publ Hlth, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Brothers, Sydney] Univ N Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. [Litaker, Wayne] Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Beaufort, NC USA. [Blackwood, A. Denene; Noble, Rachel] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC USA. RP Verhougstraete, MP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Mel & Enid Zuckerman Coll Publ Hlth, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mverhougstraete@arizona.email.edu OI Verhougstraete, Marc/0000-0003-4154-7531 FU North Carolina Biotechnology Center President Initiative Award FX Partial funding of this workshop was provided by North Carolina Biotechnology Center President Initiative Award [http://www.ncbiotech.org/content/training-workshops-molecular-training- facility-eastern-north-carolina]. The remaining workshop funding came from participant registration and fees. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 30 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 3 AR e0121214 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0121214 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CE9AD UT WOS:000352134700095 PM 25822486 ER PT J AU Goldschmidt, EA Norris, DG Koller, SB Wyllie, R Brown, RC Porto, JV Safronova, UI Safronova, MS AF Goldschmidt, E. A. Norris, D. G. Koller, S. B. Wyllie, R. Brown, R. C. Porto, J. V. Safronova, U. I. Safronova, M. S. TI Magic wavelengths for the 5s-18s transition in rubidium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ATOMS AB Magic wavelengths, for which there is no differential ac Stark shift for the ground and excited state of the atom, allow trapping of excited Rydberg atoms without broadening the optical transition. This is an important tool for implementing quantum gates and other quantum information protocols with Rydberg atoms, and reliable theoretical methods to find such magic wavelengths are thus extremely useful. We use a high-precision all-order method to calculate magic wavelengths for the 5s-18s transition of rubidium, and compare the calculation to experiment by measuring the light shift for atoms held in an optical dipole trap at a range of wavelengths near a calculated magic value. C1 [Goldschmidt, E. A.; Norris, D. G.; Koller, S. B.; Wyllie, R.; Brown, R. C.; Porto, J. V.; Safronova, M. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Goldschmidt, E. A.; Norris, D. G.; Koller, S. B.; Wyllie, R.; Brown, R. C.; Porto, J. V.; Safronova, M. S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Safronova, U. I.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Goldschmidt, EA (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM porto@umd.edu RI Brown, Roger/A-9630-2009; OI Brown, Roger/0000-0002-8228-4283; Goldschmidt, Elizabeth/0000-0002-6553-9731 FU US Department of Commerce; National Institute of Standards and Technology; ARO's atomtronics MURI; National Research Council Research Associateship program FX This research was performed under the sponsorship of the US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology and supported by the ARO's atomtronics MURI. E.A.G. acknowledges support from the National Research Council Research Associateship program. We thank J. Lawall for use of his wavemeter and S. Eckel for help with wavemeter calibration. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 30 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 3 AR 032518 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.91.032518 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CE9WZ UT WOS:000352195500009 ER PT J AU Dai, Q Han, DW Rico-Ramirez, MA Zhuo, L Nanding, N Islam, T AF Dai, Qiang Han, Dawei Rico-Ramirez, Miguel A. Zhuo, Lu Nanding, Nergui Islam, Tanvir TI Radar rainfall uncertainty modelling influenced by wind SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE wind effects; ensemble generator; wind-induced error; copula ID REAL-TIME ESTIMATION; MEAN-FIELD BIAS; SURFACE RAINFALL; PRECIPITATION ESTIMATION; VERTICAL PROFILE; ERROR VARIANCE; BRIGHT BAND; GAUGE; DRIFT; RESOLUTION AB Radar-based estimates of rainfall are affected by many sources of uncertainties, which would propagate through the hydrological model when radar rainfall estimates are used as input or initial conditions. An elegant solution to quantify these uncertainties is to model the empirical relationship between radar measurements and rain gauge observations (as the ground reference'). However, most current studies only use a fixed and uniform model to represent the uncertainty of radar rainfall, without consideration of its variation under different synoptic regimes. Wind is such a typical weather factor, as it not only induces error in rain gauge measurements but also causes the raindrops observed by weather radar to drift when they reach the ground. For this reason, as a first attempt, this study introduces the wind field into the uncertainty model and designs the radar rainfall uncertainty model under different wind conditions. We separate the original dataset into three subsamples according to wind speed, which are named as WDI (0-2m/s), WDII (2-4m/s) and WDIII (>4m/s). The multivariate distributed ensemble generator is introduced and established for each subsample. Thirty typical events (10 at each wind range) are selected to explore the behaviours of uncertainty under different wind ranges. In each time step, 500 ensemble members are generated, and the values of 5th to 95th percentile values are used to produce the uncertainty bands. Two basic features of uncertainty bands, namely dispersion and ensemble bias, increase significantly with the growth of wind speed, demonstrating that wind speed plays a considerable role in influencing the behaviour of the uncertainty band. On the basis of these pieces of evidence, we conclude that the radar rainfall uncertainty model established under different wind conditions should be more realistic in representing the radar rainfall uncertainty. This study is only a start in incorporating synoptic regimes into rainfall uncertainty analysis, and a great deal of more effort is still needed to build a realistic and comprehensive uncertainty model for radar rainfall data. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Dai, Qiang; Han, Dawei; Rico-Ramirez, Miguel A.; Zhuo, Lu; Nanding, Nergui] Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, WEMRC, Bristol, Avon, England. [Islam, Tanvir] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Islam, Tanvir] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Dai, Q (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, WEMRC, Bristol, Avon, England. EM q.dai@bristol.ac.uk RI Rico-Ramirez, Miguel/H-3248-2014; OI Rico-Ramirez, Miguel/0000-0002-8885-4582; Islam, Tanvir/0000-0003-2429-3074; Zhuo, Lu/0000-0002-5719-5342 FU University of Bristol; China Scholarship Council FX The first author would like to thank the University of Bristol and China Scholarship Council for providing the necessary support and funding for this research. The authors would like to thank BADC for providing the datasets used in this study. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAR 30 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1704 EP 1716 DI 10.1002/hyp.10292 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA CE0AJ UT WOS:000351463600002 ER PT J AU Xia, YL Hobbins, MT Mu, QZ Ek, MB AF Xia, Youlong Hobbins, Michael T. Mu, Qiaozhen Ek, Michael B. TI Evaluation of NLDAS-2 evapotranspiration against tower flux site observations SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE NLDAS-2; ET comparison; tower ET observations; AmeriFlux; ARM; CART ID ENERGY-BALANCE; MODEL; EVAPORATION; VARIABILITY; REANALYSIS; RESOLUTION; WATER AB The North American Land Data Assimilation System project phase 2 (NLDAS-2) has run four land surface models for a 30-year (1979-2008) retrospective period. Land surface evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the most important model outputs from NLDAS-2 for investigating land-atmosphere interaction or to monitor agricultural drought. Here, we evaluate hourly ET using in situ observations over the Southern Great Plains (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement/Cloud and Radiation Testbed network) for 1 January 1997-30 September 1999 and daily ET u-sing in situ observations at the AmeriFlux network over the conterminous USA for an 8-year period (2000-2007). The NLDAS-2 models compare well against observations, with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction's Noah land surface model performing best, followed, in order, by the Variable Infiltration Capacity, Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting, and Mosaic models. Daily evaluation across the AmeriFlux network shows that for all models, performance depends on season and vegetation type; they do better in spring and fall than in winter or summer and better for deciduous broadleaf forest and grasslands than for croplands or evergreen needleleaf forest. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Xia, Youlong; Ek, Michael B.] NCEP, EMC, College Pk, MD USA. [Xia, Youlong] NOAA, NCEP, EMC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Hobbins, Michael T.] NOAA, UCAR, NIDIS, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Mu, Qiaozhen] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Serv, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Xia, YL (reprint author), NOAA, IMSG, NCEP, EMC, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Youlong.Xia@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Program Office Modeling, Analysis, Prediction and Projection programme; National Integrated Drought Information System under UCAR Visiting Scientist Program FX Y. Xia was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Program Office Modeling, Analysis, Prediction and Projection programme. Michael Hobbins was supported by the National Integrated Drought Information System under the UCAR Visiting Scientist Program. We also thank Jeff McQueen and Helin Wei at the Environmental Modeling Center and two anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved the quality and readability of this paper. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAR 30 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1757 EP 1771 DI 10.1002/hyp.10299 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA CE0AJ UT WOS:000351463600006 ER PT J AU Goes, M Baringer, M Goni, G AF Goes, Marlos Baringer, Molly Goni, Gustavo TI The impact of historical biases on the XBT-derived meridional overturning circulation estimates at 34 degrees S SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE XBT; meridional overturning; uncertainty estimation ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; EXPENDABLE BATHYTHERMOGRAPHS; HEAT-TRANSPORT; MODEL; ATLANTIC; PACIFIC AB An observational system based on high-density expendable bathythermograph (XBT) data has provided the longest record of the South Atlantic meridional overturning and heat transport estimates across 34 degrees S. Measurement biases are a point of concern for the capability of an XBT system to capture long-term trends in volume and heat transports, and the impact of such biases on the meridional overturning estimates has never been quantified. In the present study, the sensitivity of the meridional overturning circulation and heat transport to uncertainties in XBT measurements is quantified under the framework of an eddy-resolving model simulation. Results show that XBT measurement biases after 2010 can translate into small meridional overturning errors on the order of 3% or 0.38Sv (1Sv=10(6)m(3)s(-1)), and 0.025PW (1PW=10(15)W) or 8% of the meridional heat transport in the model. Historical XBT-derived trends in transport estimates across 34 degrees S are stronger and statistically significant after the late 1990s, 0.3Svdecade(-1) and 0.02PWdecade(-1). These trends are mostly due to the XBT linear depth bias, with smaller contributions associated with temperature and depth offsets from the historical record. Long-term trends calculated from Simple Ocean Data Assimilation reanalysis, estimated as 0.1Sv/decade and 0.006PW/decade, are 3 times smaller than the XBT-derived historical trends. Therefore, an adequate correction of historical XBT data is necessary for an early detection of trends in the meridional overturning circulation and heat transport. C1 [Goes, Marlos; Baringer, Molly; Goni, Gustavo] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Goes, Marlos] Univ Miami, CIMAS, Miami, FL USA. RP Goes, M (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM marlos.goes@noaa.gov RI Goes, Marlos/B-4273-2011; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012; Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012 OI Goes, Marlos/0000-0001-5874-8079; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194; Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170 FU Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a cooperative institute of the University of Miami; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ1226]; NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) FX Hycom/NCODA and SODA 2.1.6 model reanalysis data were obtained from www.hycom.org and http://coastwatch.pfeg.noaa.gov/erddap websites, respectively. Historical XBT bias parameters were obtained from http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/XBT_BIAS/cowley.html. This research was accomplished under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a cooperative institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, cooperative agreement #NA17RJ1226, and was partly funded by the NOAA Climate Program Office and the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML). NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1848 EP 1855 DI 10.1002/2014GL061802 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CG3HJ UT WOS:000353170000030 ER PT J AU Zhang, P Liu, P Siontas, S Zaslavsky, A Pacifici, D Ha, JY Krylyuk, S Davydov, AV AF Zhang, Peng Liu, Pei Siontas, Stylianos Zaslavsky, A. Pacifici, D. Ha, Jong-Yoon Krylyuk, S. Davydov, A. V. TI Dense nanoimprinted silicon nanowire arrays with passivated axial p-i-n junctions for photovoltaic applications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MICROWIRE SOLAR-CELLS; GERMANIUM NANOWIRES; SI MICROWIRE; HETEROJUNCTION; PERFORMANCE; EFFICIENCY AB We report on the fabrication and photovoltaic characteristics of vertical arrays of silicon axial p-i-n junction nanowire (NW) solar cells grown by vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) epitaxy. NW surface passivation with silicon dioxide shell is shown to enhance carrier recombination time, open-circuit voltage (V-OC), short-circuit current density (J(SC)), and fill factor (FF). The photovoltaic performance of passivated individual NW and NW arrays was compared under 532 nm laser illumination with power density of similar to 10 W/cm(2). Higher values of V-OC and FF in the NW arrays are explained by enhanced light trapping. In order to verify the effect of NW density on light absorption and hence on the photovoltaic performance of NW arrays, dense Si NW arrays were fabricated using nanoimprint lithography to periodically arrange the gold seed particles prior to epitaxial growth. Compared to sparse NW arrays fabricated using VLS growth from randomly distributed gold seeds, the nanoimprinted NW array solar cells show a greatly increased peak external quantum efficiency of similar to 8% and internal quantum efficiency of similar to 90% in the visible spectral range. Three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations of Si NW periodic arrays with varying pitch (P) confirm the importance of high NW density. Specifically, due to diffractive scattering and light trapping, absorption efficiency close to 100% in the 400-650 nm spectral range is calculated for a Si NW array with P = 250 nm, significantly outperforming a blanket Si film of the same thickness. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Zhang, Peng; Liu, Pei; Siontas, Stylianos; Zaslavsky, A.; Pacifici, D.] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Zhang, Peng; Liu, Pei; Siontas, Stylianos; Zaslavsky, A.; Pacifici, D.] Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Ha, Jong-Yoon; Krylyuk, S.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ha, Jong-Yoon; Krylyuk, S.; Davydov, A. V.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, P (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-1068895, DMR-1203186, ECCS-0112802] FX The work at Brown University was supported by the National Science Foundation Award Nos. ECCS-1068895 and DMR-1203186. The University of Maryland portion of the work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. ECCS-0112802. We thank Dr. Vladimir P. Oleshko of MML/NIST for providing the TEM images of oxidized Si nanowires. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 28 PY 2015 VL 117 IS 12 AR 125104 DI 10.1063/1.4916535 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CF1OJ UT WOS:000352315700047 ER PT J AU Apel, EC Hornbrook, RS Hills, AJ Blake, NJ Barth, MC Weinheimer, A Cantrell, C Rutledge, SA Basarab, B Crawford, J Diskin, G Homeyer, CR Campos, T Flocke, F Fried, A Blake, DR Brune, W Pollack, I Peischl, J Ryerson, T Wennberg, PO Crounse, JD Wisthaler, A Mikoviny, T Huey, G Heikes, B O'Sullivan, D Riemer, DD AF Apel, E. C. Hornbrook, R. S. Hills, A. J. Blake, N. J. Barth, M. C. Weinheimer, A. Cantrell, C. Rutledge, S. A. Basarab, B. Crawford, J. Diskin, G. Homeyer, C. R. Campos, T. Flocke, F. Fried, A. Blake, D. R. Brune, W. Pollack, I. Peischl, J. Ryerson, T. Wennberg, P. O. Crounse, J. D. Wisthaler, A. Mikoviny, T. Huey, G. Heikes, B. O'Sullivan, D. Riemer, D. D. TI Upper tropospheric ozone production from lightning NOx-impacted convection: Smoke ingestion case study from the DC3 campaign SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE storm convective outflow; biomass burning emission ratios; acrolein; hydrogen cyanide (HCN); acetonitrile (CH3CN); deep convective cloud and chemistry experiment (DC3) ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MEXICO-CITY; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; DEEP CONVECTION; FIRE EMISSIONS; TRACE GASES; FOREST-FIRE; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; HIGH-SENSITIVITY; AIR-POLLUTANTS AB As part of the Deep Convective Cloud and Chemistry (DC3) experiment, the National Science Foundation/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Gulfstream-V (GV) and NASA DC-8 research aircraft probed the chemical composition of the inflow and outflow of two convective storms (north storm, NS, south storm, SS) originating in the Colorado region on 22 June 2012, a time when the High Park wildfire was active in the area. A wide range of trace species were measured on board both aircraft including biomass burning (BB) tracers hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and acetonitrile (ACN). Acrolein, a much shorter lived tracer for BB, was also quantified on the GV. The data demonstrated that the NS had ingested fresh smoke from the High Park fire and as a consequence had a higher VOC OH reactivity than the SS. The SS lofted aged fire tracers along with other boundary layer ozone precursors and was more impacted by lightning NOx (LNOx) than the NS. The NCAR master mechanism box model was initialized with measurements made in the outflow of the two storms. The NS and SS were predicted to produce 11 and 14ppbv of O-3, respectively, downwind of the storm over 2days. Sensitivity tests revealed that the ozone production potential of the SS was highly dependent on LNOx. Normalized excess mixing ratios, X/CO, for HCN and ACN were determined in both the fire plume and the storm outflow and found to be 7.00.5 and 2.30.5pptvppbv(-1), respectively, and 1.40.3pptvppbv(-1) for acrolein in the outflow only. C1 [Apel, E. C.; Hornbrook, R. S.; Hills, A. J.; Barth, M. C.; Weinheimer, A.; Homeyer, C. R.; Campos, T.; Flocke, F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Blake, N. J.; Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Phys Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Cantrell, C.; Fried, A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rutledge, S. A.; Basarab, B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Crawford, J.; Diskin, G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Brune, W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Pollack, I.; Peischl, J.; Ryerson, T.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Wennberg, P. O.; Crounse, J. D.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wisthaler, A.; Mikoviny, T.] Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, Oslo, Norway. [Wisthaler, A.; Mikoviny, T.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Huey, G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Heikes, B.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [O'Sullivan, D.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Riemer, D. D.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Apel, EC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM apel@ucar.edu RI Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Homeyer, Cameron/D-5034-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014; OI Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Homeyer, Cameron/0000-0002-4883-6670; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X; Hornbrook, Rebecca/0000-0002-6304-6554 FU National Science Foundation FX The data used in this paper are available from http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/ArcView/dc3-seac4rs and http://catalog.eol.ucar.edu/dc3_2012/index.html. The NCAR MM can be downloaded from the NCAR community data portal (http://cdp.ucar.edu/). The authors thank the crew and support team of the NSF/NCAR GV aircraft and Christine Wiedinmyer, Jeff Stith, and Shawn Honomichl for their helpful comments and discussion. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in the publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 88 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 70 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 27 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 6 BP 2505 EP 2523 DI 10.1002/2014JD022121 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG1UZ UT WOS:000353061800022 ER PT J AU Massoli, P Onasch, TB Cappa, CD Nuamaan, I Hakala, J Hayden, K Li, SM Sueper, DT Bates, TS Quinn, PK Jayne, JT Worsnop, DR AF Massoli, Paola Onasch, Timothy B. Cappa, Christopher D. Nuamaan, Ibraheem Hakala, Jani Hayden, Katherine Li, Shao-Meng Sueper, Donna T. Bates, Timothy S. Quinn, Patricia K. Jayne, John T. Worsnop, Douglas R. TI Characterization of black carbon-containing particles from soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer measurements on the R/V Atlantis during CalNex 2010 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE black carbon; mass spectrometry ID RADIATIVE ABSORPTION ENHANCEMENTS; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; OXYGENATED ORGANIC AEROSOLS; MIXING STATE; COMPREHENSIVE CHARACTERIZATION; COLLECTION EFFICIENCIES; VOLATILITY MEASUREMENTS; AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENT; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; HYDROCARBON-LIKE AB We present mass spectrometry measurements of black carbon-containing particles made on board the R/V Atlantis during the CalNex (California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change) 2010 study using an Aerodyne Research Inc. soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS). The R/V Atlantis was deployed to characterize air masses moving offshore the California coast and to assess emissions from sources in urban ports. This work presents a first detailed analysis of the size-resolved chemical composition of refractory black carbon (rBC) and of the associated coating species (NR-PMBC). A colocated standard high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-AMS) measured the total nonrefractory submicron aerosol (NR-PM1). Our results indicate that, on average, 35% of the measured NR-PM1 mass (87% of the primary and 28% of the secondary NR-PM1, as obtained from the mass-weighted average of the NR-PMBC species) was associated with rBC. The peak in the average size distribution of the rBC-containing particles measured by the SP-AMS in vacuum aerodynamic diameter (d(va)) varied from 100 nm to 450 nm d(va), with most of the rBC mass below 200 d(va). The NR-PMBC below 200 nm d(va) was primarily organic, whereas inorganics were generally found on larger rBC-containing particles. Positive matrix factorization analyses of both SP-AMS and HR-AMS data identified organic aerosol factors that were correlated in time but had different fragmentation patterns due to the different instruments vaporization techniques. Finally, we provide an overview of the volatility properties of NR-PMBC and report the presence of refractory oxygen species in some of the air masses encountered. C1 [Massoli, Paola; Onasch, Timothy B.; Sueper, Donna T.; Jayne, John T.; Worsnop, Douglas R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Cappa, Christopher D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Nuamaan, Ibraheem; Hayden, Katherine; Li, Shao-Meng] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Nuamaan, Ibraheem] York Univ, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Hakala, Jani] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Sueper, Donna T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bates, Timothy S.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bates, Timothy S.; Quinn, Patricia K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Massoli, P (reprint author), Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. EM pmassoli@aerodyne.com RI Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 FU NOAA Global Climate Change Program [NA09AR4310125, NA09OAR4310124]; California Air Resources Board; National Center for Environmental Research (NCER) at USEPA [RD834558]; Canadian Federal Government (PERD Project) [C12.007]; NSERC; U.S. Department of Energy SBIR Program [DE-FG02-07ER8489009] FX The authors thank the crew of the R/V Atlantis, and Derek Coffman and Drew Hamilton of NOAA PMEL for their assistance and help during the project. Thanks to Eric Williams and Brian Lerner (NOAA CSD) for sharing the CO, CO2, NOx, NOy, and O3 data, and to Alexander Vlashenko (Environment Canada) for sharing the VOC data. We thank Manjula Canagaratna and Leah Williams for their useful comments. This project was funded by the NOAA Global Climate Change Program (NA09AR4310125 and NA09OAR4310124), the California Air Resources Board, the National Center for Environmental Research (NCER) at USEPA (RD834558), the Canadian Federal Government (PERD Project C12.007), and NSERC. The SP-AMS instrument was developed with funding from the U.S. Department of Energy SBIR Program (DE-FG02-07ER8489009). This manuscript has not been reviewed by any of the funding agencies. The results shown in the paper will be provided to the readers. The SP-AMS data can be accessed via the data server of the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, PMEL (http://saga.pmel.noaa.gov/Field/CalNex/index.html). Other data and, if necessary, the code used in obtaining the results presented here will be provided upon inquiring to the corresponding author (pmassoli@aerodyne.com). NR 65 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 27 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 6 BP 2575 EP 2593 DI 10.1002/2014JD022834 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG1UZ UT WOS:000353061800027 ER PT J AU Zhang, CL Park, JT Lu, XY Yu, R Li, Y Zhang, WL Zhao, Y Lynn, JW Si, QM Dai, PC AF Zhang, Chenglin Park, J. T. Lu, Xingye Yu, Rong Li, Yu Zhang, Wenliang Zhao, Yang Lynn, J. W. Si, Qimiao Dai, Pengcheng TI Neutron spin resonance as a probe of superconducting gap anisotropy in partially detwinned electron underdoped NaFe0.Co-985(0).As-015 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING AB We use inelastic neutron scattering (INS) to study the spin excitations in partially detwinned NaFe0.985Co0.015As which has coexisting static antiferromagnetic (AF) order and superconductivity (T-c = 15 K, T-N = 30 K). In previous INS work on a twinned sample, spin excitations formed a dispersive sharp resonance near E-r1 = 3.25 meV and a broad dispersionless mode at E-r1 = 6 meV at the AF ordering wave vector Q(AF) = Q(1) = (1,0) and its twinned domain Q(2) = (0,1). For partially detwinned NaFe0.985Co0.015As with the static AF order mostly occurring at Q(AF) = (1,0), we still find a double resonance at both wave vectors with similar intensity. Since Q(1) = (1,0) characterizes the explicit breaking of the spin rotational symmetry associated with the AF order, these results indicate that the double resonance cannot be due to the static and fluctuating AF orders but originate from the superconducting gap anisotropy. C1 [Zhang, Chenglin; Lu, Xingye; Li, Yu; Si, Qimiao; Dai, Pengcheng] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Park, J. T.] Tech Univ Munich, Heinz Maier Leibnitz Zentrum, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Lu, Xingye; Zhang, Wenliang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Yu, Rong] Renmin Univ China, Dept Phys, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. [Yu, Rong] Renmin Univ China, Beijing Key Lab Optoelect Funct Mat & Micronano D, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. [Yu, Rong] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Microstruct, Dept Phys & Astron, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Yang; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Yang] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zhang, CL (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM pdai@rice.edu RI Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Park, Jitae/G-1358-2016; Yu, Rong/H-3355-2016 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Park, Jitae/0000-0001-6565-0192; FU U.S. DOE, BES [DE-SC0012311]; Robert A. Welch Foundation Grant [C-1893, C-1411]; U.S. NSF Grant [DMR-1309531]; NSFC Grant [11374361]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; Research Funds of Renmin University of China FX We thank Z.C. Sims for his help in single-crystal growth efforts. The single-crystal growth and neutron scattering work at Rice are supported by the U.S. DOE, BES, under Contract No. DE-SC0012311 (P.D.). Part of the work is also supported by the Robert A. Welch Foundation Grants No. C-1893 (P.D.) and No. C-1411 (Q.S.). Q.S. is also supported by U.S. NSF Grant No. DMR-1309531. R.Y. was supported by NSFC Grant No. 11374361 and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the Research Funds of Renmin University of China. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 27 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 10 AR 104520 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.104520 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CE3MZ UT WOS:000351731900003 ER PT J AU Wu, H Tang, WS Stavila, V Zhou, W Rush, JJ Udovic, TJ AF Wu, Hui Tang, Wan Si Stavila, Vitalie Zhou, Wei Rush, John J. Udovic, Terrence J. TI Structural Behavior of Li2B10H10 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; LI2B12H12; DECOMPOSITION; STABILITY; NA; VISUALIZATION; CA(BH4)(2); TRANSITION; DESORPTION; SCATTERING AB On the basis of ray and neutron powder diffraction, fit-principles calculations, and neutron vibrational spectroscopy, Li2B10H10 was found to exhibit atypical hexagonal symmetry to best stabilize the ionic packing of the relatively small Li cations and largeiellipsoidal B10H102- anions. Moreover, differential scanning calarimetry and neutron-elastic-scattering fixed-window scans suggested that Li2B10H10, similar to its polyhedral cousin Li2B12H12, undergoes an order-disorder phase transition near 640 K. These results provide valuable structural information pertinent to understanding the potential role that L4B10H10 plays during LiBH4 dehydrogenation-rehydrogenation as well as its prospects as a superionic Li+ cation conductor. C1 [Wu, Hui; Tang, Wan Si; Zhou, Wei; Rush, John J.; Udovic, Terrence J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui; Tang, Wan Si; Zhou, Wei; Rush, John J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Stavila, Vitalie] Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Nanomat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wu, H (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hui.wu@nist.gov; udovic@nist.gov RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617 FU DOE EERE [DE-EE0002978]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX This work was partially supported by the DOE EERE under Grant No. DE-EE0002978 and utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-0944772. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAR 26 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 12 BP 6481 EP 6487 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b00533 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CE6TJ UT WOS:000351970800004 ER PT J AU Pookpanratana, S Lydecker, LK Richter, CA Hacker, CA AF Pookpanratana, Sujitra Lydecker, Leigh K. Richter, Curt A. Hacker, Christina A. TI Self-Assembled Monolayers Impact Cobalt Interfacial Structure in Nanoelectronic Junctions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC SPIN-VALVES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MOLECULAR SPINTRONICS; N-ALKANETHIOLS; WORK FUNCTION; SURFACES; THIN; OXIDE; INJECTION; TRANSPORT AB Controlling and understanding the interface formation between organic molecular layers and ferromagnetic materials is a crucial aspect in the implementation of organic spintronics. Here, the formation of thiol-containing molecular monolayers on template-stripped cobalt and oxidized cobalt surfaces is achieved. The successful attachment and quality of the aliphatic molecular structure and cobalt surface was followed with X-ray spectroscopic measurements. The self-assembly of octadecanethiol (ODT) and mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHA) are contrasted, finding the self-assembly of the bifunctional molecule profoundly different than the thiol-alone species. In particular, the MHA-cobalt surface exhibits a very different interface following self-assembly the MHA species. Two different models of the interface formation are proposed based on the results. The data suggest the MHA/ethanol removes the cobalt oxide during the self-assembly as the prevailing model. The impact of this Co/molecule interface on electron transport through Co/molecule/Si molecular junctions is also discussed. These results provide insight into ex situ modification and functionalization of ferromagnetic interfaces impacting an important aspect of spin-based devices. C1 [Pookpanratana, Sujitra; Lydecker, Leigh K.; Richter, Curt A.; Hacker, Christina A.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lydecker, Leigh K.] SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Pookpanratana, S (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sujitra@nist.gov FU NRC-NIST ARRA program; NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship; National Science Foundation [ECC-0754355] FX We thank Dr. James Basham for assistance in some of the cobalt evaporation, and Dr. John Molloy for X-ray fluorescence measurements. We acknowledge Drs. Guangjun Cheng, Dean Delongchamp, and Lee Richter for insightful discussions. S.P. acknowledges support from the NRC-NIST ARRA program. L.K.L. was supported through a NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship, supported in part by the National Science Foundation, under Agreement No. ECC-0754355. Some of the samples were fabricated in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAR 26 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 12 BP 6687 EP 6695 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b00816 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CE6TJ UT WOS:000351970800024 ER PT J AU Thompson, JK AF Thompson, James K. TI QUANTUM PHYSICS Atomic doughnuts from single photons SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ENTANGLEMENT; LIMIT C1 [Thompson, James K.] JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Thompson, James K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Thompson, James K.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Thompson, JK (reprint author), JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jkt@jila.colorado.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 26 PY 2015 VL 519 IS 7544 BP 420 EP 422 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CE1WF UT WOS:000351602800043 PM 25810201 ER PT J AU Davis, R Li, YC Gervasio, M Luu, J Kim, YS AF Davis, Rick Li, Yu-Chin Gervasio, Michelle Luu, Jason Kim, Yeon Seok TI One-Pot, Bioinspired Coatings To Reduce the Flammability of Flexible Polyurethane Foams SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE fire retardant; boron; polyurethane foam; biopolymers; one pot ID LAYER-BY-LAYER; FLAME; FILMS; POLYELECTROLYTES; NANOCOMPOSITES; NETWORK AB hi this manuscript, natural materials were combined into a single "pot" to produce flexible, highly fire resistant, and bioinspired coatings on flexible polyurethane foam (PUP). In one step, PUF was coated with a fire protective layer constructed of a polysaccharide binder (starch or agar), a boron fire retardant (boric acid or derivative), and a dirt char former (montmorillonite clay). Nearly all coatings produced,a 63% reduction in a critical flammability value, the peak beat release rate (PHRR). One formulation produced a 75% reduction in PHRR. This technology was validated in full-scale furniture fire tests, where a 75% reduction in PHRR was measured. At these PHRR values, this technology could reduce the fire threat of furniture from significant fire damage in and beyond the room of fire origin to being contained to the burning,furniture. This flammability reduction was caused by three mechanisms-the gas-Phase and condensed-phase processes of the boron the retardant and the condensed-phase process of the clay. We describe the one-pot coating process and the impact of the coating composition on flammability: C1 [Davis, Rick; Li, Yu-Chin; Gervasio, Michelle; Luu, Jason; Kim, Yeon Seok] NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Davis, R (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr MS 8665, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rick.davis@nist.gov RI KIM, YEON SEOK/J-5864-2012 NR 42 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 13 U2 61 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD MAR 25 PY 2015 VL 7 IS 11 BP 6082 EP 6092 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b01105 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CE6TZ UT WOS:000351972400012 PM 25723711 ER PT J AU Ellis, JL Hickstein, DD Schnitzenbaumer, KJ Wilker, MB Palm, BB Jimenez, JL Dukovic, G Kapteyn, HC Murnane, MM Xiong, W AF Ellis, Jennifer L. Hickstein, Daniel D. Schnitzenbaumer, Kyle J. Wilker, Molly B. Palm, Brett B. Jimenez, Jose L. Dukovic, Gordana Kapteyn, Henry C. Murnane, Margaret M. Xiong, Wei TI Solvents Effects on Charge Transfer from Quantum Dots SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOLUTE ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; NONEQUILIBRIUM SOLVATION; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; WAVE-FUNCTION; DYNAMICS; EQUILIBRIUM; RELAXATION; SURFACE; PHOTOCATALYSIS; PHOTOELECTRON AB To predict and understand the performance of nano devices in different environments, the influence of the solvent must be explicitly understood. In this Communication, this important but largely unexplored question is addressed through a comparison of quantum dot charge transfer processes occurring in both liquid phase and in vacuum. By comparing solution phase transient absorption spectroscopy and gas-phase photoelectron spectroscopy, we show that hexane, a common nonpolar solvent for quantum dots, has negligible influence on charge transfer dynamics. Our experimental results, supported by insights from theory, indicate that the reorganization energy of nonpolar solvents plays a minimal role in the energy landscape of charge transfer in quantum dot devices. Thus, this study demonstrates that measurements conducted in nonpolar solvents can indeed provide insight into nanodevice performance in a wide variety of environments. C1 [Ellis, Jennifer L.; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Xiong, Wei] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ellis, Jennifer L.; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Xiong, Wei] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ellis, Jennifer L.; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Xiong, Wei] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schnitzenbaumer, Kyle J.; Wilker, Molly B.; Palm, Brett B.; Jimenez, Jose L.; Dukovic, Gordana] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Palm, Brett B.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Xiong, W (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, 9500 Gilman Dr 0358, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM Wei.xiong@jila.colorado.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847 FU DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR [FA9550-12-1-0137]; National Science Foundation under CAREER [CHE-1151151]; National Science Foundation Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences [AGS-1243354]; U.S. EPA STAR Graduate Fellowship [FP-91761701-0] FX The authors acknowledge support from the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences (AMOS program) and used facilities provided by the NSF Center for EUV Science and Technology. K.J.S., M.B.W., and G.D. acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR award No. FA9550-12-1-0137 and the National Science Foundation under CAREER award No. CHE-1151151. B.B.P. and J.L.J. acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences award No. AGS-1243354. B.B.P. acknowledges support from a U.S. EPA STAR Graduate Fellowship (FP-91761701-0). NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 69 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2015 VL 137 IS 11 BP 3759 EP 3762 DI 10.1021/jacs.5b00463 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CE6TV UT WOS:000351972000009 PM 25751367 ER PT J AU Mancuso, CA Hickstein, DD Grychtol, P Knut, R Kfir, O Tong, XM Dollar, F Zusin, D Gopalakrishnan, M Gentry, C Turgut, E Ellis, JL Chen, MC Fleischer, A Cohen, O Kapteyn, HC Murnane, MM AF Mancuso, Christopher A. Hickstein, Daniel D. Grychtol, Patrik Knut, Ronny Kfir, Ofer Tong, Xiao-Min Dollar, Franklin Zusin, Dmitriy Gopalakrishnan, Maithreyi Gentry, Christian Turgut, Emrah Ellis, Jennifer L. Chen, Ming-Chang Fleischer, Avner Cohen, Oren Kapteyn, Henry C. Murnane, Margaret M. TI Strong-field ionization with two-color circularly polarized laser fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HIGH-HARMONIC-GENERATION; ELECTRON-WAVE-PACKETS; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PHOTOELECTRON; LIGHT; TIME; RECONSTRUCTION; DIFFRACTION; HOLOGRAPHY AB Strong-field ionization provides fundamental insight into light-matter interactions, encoding the structure of atoms and molecules on the subangstrom and subfemtosecond scales. In this Rapid Communication, we explore an important regime: strong-field ionization by two-color circularly polarized laser fields. In contrast to past work using linearly polarized drivers, we probe electron trajectories that are driven in a two-dimensional plane, thus separating the tunneling angle from the rescattering angle. This allows us to make several findings. First, we observe a single-lobed electron distribution for co-rotating fields, and a three-lobed distribution for counter-rotating fields, providing experimental validation of the theoretical model explaining the generation of circularly polarized high harmonic light. Second, we discover that there is significant electron-ion rescattering using counter-rotating fields, but not with co-rotating fields. Finally, we show that the rescattered electrons are well separated from the directly ionized electrons, in striking contrast to similar low-energy structures seen with linearly polarized fields. These findings help overcome the long-standing problem of how to decouple the tunneling and rescattering steps in strong-field ionization, which will enable new dynamic probes of atomic and molecular structure. C1 [Mancuso, Christopher A.; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Grychtol, Patrik; Knut, Ronny; Dollar, Franklin; Zusin, Dmitriy; Gopalakrishnan, Maithreyi; Gentry, Christian; Turgut, Emrah; Ellis, Jennifer L.; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] Univ Colorado Boulder, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mancuso, Christopher A.; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Grychtol, Patrik; Knut, Ronny; Dollar, Franklin; Zusin, Dmitriy; Gopalakrishnan, Maithreyi; Gentry, Christian; Turgut, Emrah; Ellis, Jennifer L.; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mancuso, Christopher A.; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Grychtol, Patrik; Knut, Ronny; Dollar, Franklin; Zusin, Dmitriy; Gopalakrishnan, Maithreyi; Gentry, Christian; Turgut, Emrah; Ellis, Jennifer L.; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kfir, Ofer; Fleischer, Avner; Cohen, Oren] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Solid State Inst, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Kfir, Ofer; Fleischer, Avner; Cohen, Oren] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Tong, Xiao-Min] Univ Tsukuba, Fac Pure & Appl Sci, Div Mat Sci, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. [Chen, Ming-Chang] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Inst Photon Technol, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Fleischer, Avner] Ort Braude Coll, Dept Phys & Opt Engn, IL-21982 Karmiel, Israel. RP Hickstein, DD (reprint author), Univ Colorado Boulder, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM danhickstein@gmail.com RI Tong, Xiao-Min/A-2748-2011; Fleischer, Avner/D-1649-2017; OI Tong, Xiao-Min/0000-0003-4898-3491; Grychtol, Patrik/0000-0002-7042-9334 FU US Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences AMOS program; Physics Frontiers Center; AFOSR DURIP; National Science Foundation [DGE 1144083]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [GR 4234/1-1]; Swedish Research Council (VR); USA-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF); BSF [T-2014-118]; Israel Science Foundation [1225/14]; I-CORE Program; JSPS [C24540421]; HA-PACS Project for advanced interdisciplinary computational sciences by exa-scale computing technology FX The experimental work was done at JILA, with funding from the US Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences AMOS program and from the Physics Frontiers Center. JILA also gratefully acknowledges support from an AFOSR DURIP award for the laser system used for this work. C.A.M. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE 1144083. P.G. acknowledges support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Grant No. GR 4234/1-1. R.K. acknowledges the Swedish Research Council (VR) for their financial support. This work was supported by the USA-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF). O.K. was supported by the Prof. Rahamimoff Travel Grant for Young Scientists through the BSF, Grant No. T-2014-118. The Technion group was supported by the Israel Science Foundation, Grant No. 1225/14, and the Israeli Center of Research Excellence "Circle of Light" supported by the I-CORE Program. X.M.T. was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Grant No. C24540421) from the JSPS and the HA-PACS Project for advanced interdisciplinary computational sciences by exa-scale computing technology. X.M.T. thanks Prof. K. Yabana for helpful discussions. NR 47 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 9 U2 54 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 25 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 3 AR 031402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.91.031402 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CE5KW UT WOS:000351874400001 ER PT J AU Zhang, C Safavi-Naini, A Capogrosso-Sansone, B AF Zhang, C. Safavi-Naini, A. Capogrosso-Sansone, B. TI Equilibrium phases of two-dimensional bosons in quasiperiodic lattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SUPERFLUID-INSULATOR TRANSITION; ANDERSON LOCALIZATION; OPTICAL LATTICES; QUANTUM GASES; ONE-DIMENSION; SUPERCONDUCTORS; HE-4; DELOCALIZATION; POTENTIALS; DIFFUSION AB We report on results of quantum Monte Carlo simulations for bosons in a two-dimensional quasiperiodic optical lattice. We study the ground state phase diagram at unity filling and confirm the existence of three phases: superfluid, Mott insulator, and Bose glass. At lower interaction strength, we find that sizable disorder strength is needed in order to destroy superfluidity in favor of the Bose glass. On the other hand, at large enough interaction superfluidity is completely destroyed in favor of the Mott insulator (at lower disorder strength) or the Bose glass (at larger disorder strength). At intermediate interactions, the system undergoes an insulator to superfluid transition upon increasing the disorder, while a further increase of disorder strength drives the superfluid to Bose glass phase transition. While we are not able to discern between the Mott insulator and the Bose glass at intermediate interactions, we study the transition between these two phases at larger interaction strength and find no evidence of a Mott-glass-like behavior. C1 [Zhang, C.; Safavi-Naini, A.; Capogrosso-Sansone, B.] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Safavi-Naini, A.] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Safavi-Naini, A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Zhang, C (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [NSF-PIF-1415561]; AFOSR-MURI grant FX We would like thank N. Prokof'ev and S. G. Soyler for useful discussions. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. NSF-PIF-1415561. A.S.N. was supported by an AFOSR-MURI grant. The computing for this project was performed at the OU Supercomputing Center for Education and Research (OSCER) at the University of Oklahoma (OU). NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 24 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 3 AR 031604 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.91.031604 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CH3EA UT WOS:000353908600001 ER PT J AU Jimenez-Garcia, K LeBlanc, LJ Williams, RA Beeler, MC Qu, C Gong, M Zhang, C Spielman, IB AF Jimenez-Garcia, K. LeBlanc, L. J. Williams, R. A. Beeler, M. C. Qu, C. Gong, M. Zhang, C. Spielman, I. B. TI Tunable Spin-Orbit Coupling via Strong Driving in Ultracold-Atom Systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; PHASE-TRANSITION AB Spin-orbit coupling is an essential ingredient in topological materials, conventional and quantum-gas-based alike. Engineered spin-orbit coupling in ultracold-atom systems-unique in their experimental control and measurement opportunities-provides a major opportunity to investigate and understand topological phenomena. Here we experimentally demonstrate and theoretically analyze a technique for controlling spin-orbit coupling in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate using amplitude-modulated Raman coupling. C1 [Jimenez-Garcia, K.; LeBlanc, L. J.; Williams, R. A.; Beeler, M. C.; Spielman, I. B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jimenez-Garcia, K.; LeBlanc, L. J.; Williams, R. A.; Beeler, M. C.; Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jimenez-Garcia, K.] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Dept Fis, Mexico City 07360, DF, Mexico. [Qu, C.; Gong, M.; Zhang, C.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Phys, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. RP Jimenez-Garcia, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ian.spielman@nist.gov RI Zhang, Chuanwei/H-3571-2011; Gong, Ming/A-3035-2012; Qu, Chunlei/O-3361-2016 FU ARO; DARPA's OLE program; Atomtronics-MURI; NSF through the JQI Physics Frontier Center; CONACYT; ARO [W911NF-12-1-0334]; AFOSR [FA9550-13-1-0045]; NSF-PHY [1249293] FX We appreciate enlightening conversations with G. Juzeliunas, N. R. Cooper, and W. D. Phillips; additionally, we thank Dina Genkina for carefully reading our manuscript. This work was partially supported by the ARO with funding from DARPA's OLE program and the Atomtronics-MURI and the NSF through the JQI Physics Frontier Center. K. J.-G. thanks CONACYT; L. J. L. thanks NSERC; M. C. B. thanks the NIST-ARRA program, and C. Q., M. G., and C. Z. are supported by ARO (Grant No. W911NF-12-1-0334), AFOSR (Grant No. FA9550-13-1-0045), and NSF-PHY (Grant No. 1249293). NR 16 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 24 PY 2015 VL 114 IS 12 AR 125301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.125301 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CH3GF UT WOS:000353916300007 PM 25860752 ER PT J AU Jovanovich, S Bogdan, G Belcinski, R Buscaino, J Burgi, D Butts, ELR Chear, K Ciopyk, B Eberhart, D El-Sissi, O Franklin, H Gangano, S Gass, J Harris, D Hennessy, L Kindwall, A King, D Klevenberg, J Li, Y Mehendale, N McIntosh, R Nielsen, B Park, C Pearson, F Schueren, R Stainton, N Troup, C Vallone, PM Vangbo, M Woudenberg, T Wyrick, D Williams, S AF Jovanovich, Stevan Bogdan, Greg Belcinski, Richard Buscaino, Jacklyn Burgi, Dean Butts, Erica L. R. Chear, Kaiwan Ciopyk, Brian Eberhart, David El-Sissi, Omar Franklin, Helen Gangano, Stefanie Gass, Jennifer Harris, Dennis Hennessy, Lori Kindwall, Alex King, David Klevenberg, Jim Li, Yuan Mehendale, Neelima McIntosh, Roger Nielsen, Bill Park, Charles Pearson, Francesca Schueren, Robert Stainton, Nancy Troup, Charles Vallone, Peter M. Vangbo, Mattias Woudenberg, Timothy Wyrick, David Williams, Stephen TI Developmental validation of a fully integrated sample-to-profile rapid human identification system for processing single-source reference buccal samples SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Buccal swabs; CODIS; DNA profiling; Forensics; Human identification; Integrated sample-to-profile system; PCR; Rapid DNA; Short tandem repeats (STR) ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; RAPIDHIT(R) SYSTEM; PCR AMPLIFICATION; STR ANALYSIS; DNA; EXTRACTION AB Short tandem repeat (STR) DNA typing is a global standard for human identification. Current practice involves highly trained forensic analysts, operating in a laboratory setting, using multiple instruments to process samples and analyze the data. Here, we report the developmental validation of a fully integrated and automated DNA profiling system, the RapidHIT (R) System, capable of producing up to five high quality STR profiles with full controls in approximately 90 min using PowerPlex (R) 16 HS RapidHIT chemistry. The system integrates all sample handling steps: starting from lysis of cells on buccal swabs or other buccal sample types through DNA extraction, normalization, amplification, capillary array electrophoresis, detection, and integrated software analysis. The results describe the developmental validation of the RapidHIT (TM) System for buccal samples processed with the DNA IQ (TM) extraction chemistry using a guandinium chaotropic agent and paramagnetic beads followed by amplification using a modified version of PowerPlex 16 HS chemistry (PowerPlex 16 HS RapidHIT chemistry), and capillary electrophoresis with manual review of genotyping data following interpretation guidelines. All processing from the buccal swab to generation and processing of the profile occurs on the RapidHIT platform. Result are concordant with traditional methods, with 88% first pass success rates for both the CODIS and PowerPlex 16 loci. Average peak height ratios were 0.89 for buccal swabs. The system produces full profiles from swabs with at least 176 ng of saliva DNA. Rapid DNA identification systems will significantly enhance capabilities for forensic labs, intelligence, defense, law enforcement, refugee and immigration applications, and kinship analysis. (c) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Jovanovich, Stevan; Bogdan, Greg; Belcinski, Richard; Buscaino, Jacklyn; Burgi, Dean; Chear, Kaiwan; Ciopyk, Brian; Eberhart, David; El-Sissi, Omar; Franklin, Helen; Gangano, Stefanie; Gass, Jennifer; Harris, Dennis; Hennessy, Lori; Kindwall, Alex; King, David; Klevenberg, Jim; Li, Yuan; Mehendale, Neelima; McIntosh, Roger; Nielsen, Bill; Park, Charles; Pearson, Francesca; Schueren, Robert; Stainton, Nancy; Troup, Charles; Vangbo, Mattias; Woudenberg, Timothy; Wyrick, David; Williams, Stephen] IntegenX Inc, Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA. [Butts, Erica L. R.; Vallone, Peter M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jovanovich, S (reprint author), IntegenX Inc, 5720 Stoneridge Dr,Suite 300, Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA. EM stevanj@integenx.com NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD MAR 24 PY 2015 VL 16 BP 181 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.12.004 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA CE6MZ UT WOS:000351952700029 PM 25621924 ER PT J AU Salipante, PF Hudson, SD AF Salipante, Paul F. Hudson, Steven D. TI A Colloid Model System for Interfacial Sorption Kinetics SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL-REFLECTION MICROSCOPY; BROWNIAN PARTICLES; HINDERED DIFFUSION; FORCE-FIELD; SCATTERING; SINGLE; DEPLETION; SURFACE; SPHERE; ENERGY AB Particle adsorption to an interface may be a complicated affair, motivating detailed measurements of various processes involved, to discover better understanding of the role of particle characteristics and solution conditions on adsorption coverage and rate. Here we use micron size colloids with a weak interfacial interaction potential as a model system to track particle motion and measure the rates of desorption and adsorption. The colloid-interface interaction strength is tuned to be less than 10 k(B)T so that it is comparable to many nanoscale systems of interest such as proteins at interfaces. The tuning is accomplished using a combination of depletion, electrostatic, and gravitational forces. The colloids transition between an entropically trapped adsorbed state and a desorbed state through Brownian motion. Observations are made using an light-emitting diode (LED)-based total internal reflection microscopy (TIRM) setup. The observed adsorption and desorption rates are compared to theoretical predictions based on the measured interaction potential and near-wall particle diffusivity. The results demonstrate that diffusion dynamics play a significant role when the barrier energy is small. This experimental system will allow for the future study of more complex dynamics such as nonspherical colloids and collective effects at higher concentrations. C1 [Salipante, Paul F.; Hudson, Steven D.] NIST, Polymers & Complex Fluids Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Salipante, PF (reprint author), NIST, Polymers & Complex Fluids Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paul.salipante@nist.gov FU NIST-NRC Research Associate Program FX P.S. acknowledges the NIST-NRC Research Associate Program for support. This work is an official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAR 24 PY 2015 VL 31 IS 11 BP 3368 EP 3376 DI 10.1021/la504821y PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CE4HX UT WOS:000351792800010 PM 25714416 ER PT J AU Jiang, NS Sendogdular, L Di, XY Sen, M Gin, P Endoh, MK Koga, T Akgrun, B Dimitriou, M Satija, S AF Jiang, Naisheng Sendogdular, Levent Di, Xiaoyu Sen, Mani Gin, Peter Endoh, Maya K. Koga, Tadanori Akgrun, Bulent Dimitriou, Michael Satija, Sushil TI Effect of CO2 on a Mobility Gradient of Polymer Chains near an Impenetrable Solid SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; THIN-FILMS; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; ULTRATHIN FILMS; SELF-DIFFUSION; BULK BEHAVIOR; LINEAR POLYSTYRENE; ELEVATED PRESSURES AB We report a mobility gradient of polymer chains in close proximity of a planar solid substrate in compressed carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. A series of bilayers composed of bottom hydrogenated polystyrene (h-PS) and top deuterated PS (d-PS) layers were prepared on Si substrates. A high-pressure neutron reflectivity (NR) technique was used to study the diffusive motion at the h-PS/d-PS interface as a function of the distance from the substrate interface. The results reveal that the interdiffusive chain dynamics gets strongly hindered compared to the bulk when the distance from the substrate is less than 3R(g) (R-g is the radius of polymer gyration of the h-PS). At the same time, by utilizing rapid quench of CO2 and subsequent solvent leaching, we reveal the presence of the CO2-induced polymer adsorbed layer on the substrate. We postulate that loop components in the adsorbed polymer chains provide a structure that can trap the neighboring polymer chains effectively, hence reducing the chain mobility in the close vicinity of the solid substrate even in the presence of the effective plasticizer. C1 [Jiang, Naisheng; Sendogdular, Levent; Di, Xiaoyu; Sen, Mani; Gin, Peter; Koga, Tadanori] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Koga, Tadanori] SUNY Stony Brook, Chem & Mol Engn Program, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Endoh, Maya K.; Koga, Tadanori] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Akgrun, Bulent; Dimitriou, Michael; Satija, Sushil] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Akgrun, Bulent] Bogazici Univ, Dept Chem, TR-34342 Istanbul, Turkey. RP Koga, T (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM tadanori.koga@stonybrook.edu RI Koga, Tadanori/A-4007-2010; Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011 FU NSF [CMMI-084626, CMMI-1332499]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We acknowledge Steve Bennett and Jean Jordan-Sweet for the XR measurements. T.K. acknowledges partial financial support from NSF Grants (CMMI-084626 and CMMI-1332499). Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 80 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 24 PY 2015 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1795 EP 1803 DI 10.1021/ma502591x PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA CE4HR UT WOS:000351792200020 ER PT J AU Fraker, ME Anderson, EJ Brodnik, RM Carreon-Martinez, L DeVanna, KM Fryer, BJ Heath, DD Reichert, JM Ludsin, SA AF Fraker, Michael E. Anderson, Eric J. Brodnik, Reed M. Carreon-Martinez, Lucia DeVanna, Kristen M. Fryer, Brian J. Heath, Daniel D. Reichert, Julie M. Ludsin, Stuart A. TI Particle Backtracking Improves Breeding Subpopulation Discrimination and Natal-Source Identification in Mixed Populations SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; WALLEYE SANDER-VITREUS; LAKE-ERIE; GREAT-LAKES; LARVAL DISPERSAL; MODELING DISPERSAL; ASSIGNMENT METHODS; THERMAL STRUCTURE; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; TRACKING MODEL AB We provide a novel method to improve the use of natural tagging approaches for subpopulation discrimination and source-origin identification in aquatic and terrestrial animals with a passive dispersive phase. Our method integrates observed site-referenced biological information on individuals in mixed populations with a particle-tracking model to retrace likely dispersal histories prior to capture (i.e., particle backtracking). To illustrate and test our approach, we focus on western Lake Erie's yellow perch (Perca flavescens) population during 2006-2007, using microsatellite DNA and otolith microchemistry from larvae and juveniles as natural tags. Particle backtracking showed that not all larvae collected near a presumed hatching location may have originated there, owing to passive drift during the larval stage that was influenced by strong river-and wind-driven water circulation. Re-assigning larvae to their most probable hatching site (based on probabilistic dispersal trajectories from the particle backtracking model) improved the use of genetics and otolith microchemistry to discriminate among local breeding subpopulations. This enhancement, in turn, altered (and likely improved) the estimated contributions of each breeding subpopulation to the mixed population of juvenile recruits. Our findings indicate that particle backtracking can complement existing tools used to identify the origin of individuals in mixed populations, especially in flow-dominated systems. C1 [Fraker, Michael E.; Brodnik, Reed M.; DeVanna, Kristen M.; Ludsin, Stuart A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Aquat Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Anderson, Eric J.] NOAA GLERL, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Carreon-Martinez, Lucia] Univ Texas Brownsville, Dept Biol, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. [Fryer, Brian J.; Heath, Daniel D.; Reichert, Julie M.] Univ Windsor, GLIER, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. RP Fraker, ME (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Aquat Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM fraker.24@osu.edu RI Carreon Martinez, Lucia/B-9214-2017; OI Anderson, Eric/0000-0001-5342-8383 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission's Fisheries Research Program; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory; Ohio State University Open Access Fund FX Funding for this research was provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission's Fisheries Research Program (http://www.glfc.org; to SAL) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (http://www.glerl.noaa.gov; to SAL), with other in-kind support provided by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources-Division of Wildlife (http://wildlife.ohiodnr.gov). Funding for Open Access was provided by The Ohio State University Open Access Fund. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 92 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 23 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 3 AR e0120752 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0120752 PG 24 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CE6ZS UT WOS:000351987300171 PM 25799555 ER PT J AU Ashby, N Barlow, S Heavner, T Jefferts, S AF Ashby, Neil Barlow, Stephan Heavner, Thomas Jefferts, Steven TI Frequency shifts in NIST Cs primary frequency standards due to transverse rf field gradients SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SPIN COHERENCE; HUMPTY-DUMPTY; ACCURACY AB A single-particle Green's function (propagator) is introduced to study the deflection of laser-cooled cesium atoms in an atomic fountain due to microwave magnetic field gradients in the Ramsey TE011 cavity. The deflection results in a state-dependent loss of atoms at apertures in the physics package, resulting in a frequency bias. A model accounting only for motion in one dimension transverse to the symmetry axis of the fountain is discussed in detail and then generalized to two transverse dimensions. Results for fractional frequency shifts due to transverse field gradients are computed for NIST-F1 and NIST-F2 cesium fountains. The shifts are found to be negligible except in cases of higher rf power applied to the cavities. C1 [Ashby, Neil; Barlow, Stephan; Heavner, Thomas; Jefferts, Steven] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ashby, N (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ashby@boulder.nist.gov; sbarlow@boulder.nist.gov; heavner@boulder.nist.gov; jefferts@boulder.nist.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 23 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 3 AR 033624 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.91.033624 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CE0PY UT WOS:000351507900012 ER PT J AU Miranda, LS Collins, AG Marques, AC AF Miranda, L. S. Collins, A. G. Marques, A. C. TI Is Haootia quadriformis related to extant Staurozoa (Cnidaria)? Evidence from the muscular system reconsidered SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Miranda, L. S.; Marques, A. C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Collins, A. G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Marques, A. C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Biol Marinha, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Miranda, LS (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM mirandals@ib.usp.br RI Marques, Antonio/E-8049-2011; Miranda, Lucilia/L-4930-2015; Miranda, Luisa/N-6353-2013; OI Marques, Antonio/0000-0002-2884-0541; Miranda, Luisa/0000-0002-7553-6059; Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAR 22 PY 2015 VL 282 IS 1803 AR 20142396 DI 10.1098/rspb.2014.2396 PG 3 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CC4UJ UT WOS:000350349100003 PM 25673674 ER PT J AU Nardin, G Autry, TM Moody, G Singh, R Li, HB Cundiff, ST AF Nardin, Gael Autry, Travis M. Moody, Galan Singh, Rohan Li, Hebin Cundiff, Steven T. TI Multi-dimensional coherent optical spectroscopy of semiconductor nanostructures: Collinear and non-collinear approaches SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; 2-DIMENSIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; QUANTUM-WELLS; PEPTIDES; EXCITONS AB We review our recent work on multi-dimensional coherent optical spectroscopy (MDCS) of semiconductor nanostructures. Two approaches, appropriate for the study of semiconductor materials, are presented and compared. A first method is based on a non-collinear geometry, where the Four-Wave-Mixing (FWM) signal is detected in the form of a radiated optical field. This approach works for samples with translational symmetry, such as Quantum Wells (QWs) or large and dense ensembles of Quantum Dots (QDs). A second method detects the FWM in the form of a photocurrent in a collinear geometry. This second approach extends the horizon of MDCS to sub-diffraction nanostructures, such as single QDs, nanowires, or nanotubes, and small ensembles thereof. Examples of experimental results obtained on semiconductor QW structures are given for each method. In particular, it is shown how MDCS can assess coupling between excitons confined in separated QWs. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Nardin, Gael; Autry, Travis M.; Moody, Galan; Singh, Rohan; Li, Hebin; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nardin, Gael; Autry, Travis M.; Moody, Galan; Singh, Rohan; Li, Hebin; Cundiff, Steven T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Autry, Travis M.; Moody, Galan; Singh, Rohan; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nardin, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Nardin, Gael/F-3484-2011 OI Nardin, Gael/0000-0001-6642-0348 FU Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Energy Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) FX We are grateful to Francois Morier-Genoud for the InGaAs double QW sample and to Richard Mirin and Kevin Silverman for the QW diode sample. The work at JILA was primarily supported by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Energy Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. G.N. acknowledges support by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 21 PY 2015 VL 117 IS 11 AR 112804 DI 10.1063/1.4913830 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CE1WZ UT WOS:000351604900005 ER PT J AU Loh, W Green, AAS Baynes, FN Cole, DC Quinlan, FJ Lee, H Vahala, KJ Papp, SB Diddams, SA AF Loh, William Green, Adam A. S. Baynes, Fred N. Cole, Daniel C. Quinlan, Franklyn J. Lee, Hansuek Vahala, Kerry J. Papp, Scott B. Diddams, Scott A. TI Dual-microcavity narrow-linewidth Brillouin laser SO OPTICA LA English DT Article ID GALLERY-MODE RESONATORS; FREQUENCY STABILIZATION; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER; OPTICAL CAVITY; SILICON; CHIP; MICRORESONATOR; GENERATION; REFERENCES; DIVISION AB Ultralow-noise yet tunable lasers are a revolutionary tool in precision spectroscopy, displacement measurements at the standard quantum limit, and the development of advanced optical atomic clocks. Further applications include lidar, coherent communications, frequency synthesis, and precision sensors of strain, motion, and temperature. While all applications benefit from lower frequency noise, many also require a laser that is robust and compact. Here, we introduce a dual-microcavity laser that leverages one chip-integrable silica microresonator to generate tunable 1550 nm laser light via stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and a second microresonator for frequency stabilization of the SBS light. This configuration reduces the fractional frequency noise to 7.8 x 10(-14) 1/root Hz at 10 Hz offset, which is a new regime of noise performance for a microresonator-based laser. Our system also features terahertz tunability and the potential for chip-level integration. We demonstrate the utility of our dual-microcavity laser by performing spectral linewidth measurements with hertz-level resolution. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America. C1 [Loh, William; Green, Adam A. S.; Baynes, Fred N.; Cole, Daniel C.; Quinlan, Franklyn J.; Papp, Scott B.; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lee, Hansuek; Vahala, Kerry J.] CALTECH, Thomas J Watson Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Loh, W (reprint author), NIST, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM William.Loh@nist.gov RI Lee, Hansuek/G-2007-2015 OI Lee, Hansuek/0000-0002-0748-7662 FU DARPA PULSE Program; National Research Council; NIST FX DARPA PULSE Program; National Research Council; NIST. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 30 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2334-2536 J9 OPTICA JI Optica PD MAR 20 PY 2015 VL 2 IS 3 BP 225 EP 232 DI 10.1364/OPTICA.2.000225 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA CI6KE UT WOS:000354867000006 ER PT J AU Lin, GP Martinenghi, R Diallo, S Saleh, K Coillet, A Chembo, YK AF Lin, Guoping Martinenghi, Romain Diallo, Souleymane Saleh, Khaldoun Coillet, Aurelien Chembo, Yanne K. TI Spectro-temporal dynamics of Kerr combs with parametric seeding SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL FREQUENCY COMBS; MICRORESONATORS; MICROCAVITIES; GENERATION; COHERENCE; RESONATOR; NOISE AB We report a joint theoretical and experimental investigation of the parametric seeding of a primary Kerr optical frequency comb. Electro-optic modulation sidebands matching multiple free-spectral ranges of an ultrahigh-Q millimeter-size magnesium fluoride disk resonator are used as seed signals. These seed signals interact through four-wave mixing with the spectral components of a stable primary comb and give rise to complex spectro-temporal patterns. We show that the new frequency combs feature multiscale frequency spacing, with major frequency gaps in the order of a few hundred gigahertz, and minor frequency spacing in the order of a few tens of gigahertz. The experimental results are in agreement with numerical simulations using the Lugiato-Lefever equation. We expect such versatile and coherent optical frequency combs to have potential applications in optical communications systems where frequency management assigns predefined spectral windows at the emitter stage. (c) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Lin, Guoping; Martinenghi, Romain; Diallo, Souleymane; Saleh, Khaldoun; Coillet, Aurelien; Chembo, Yanne K.] FEMTO ST Inst, CNRS, UMR6174, Dept Opt, F-25030 Besancon, France. [Coillet, Aurelien] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lin, GP (reprint author), FEMTO ST Inst, CNRS, UMR6174, Dept Opt, 15B Ave Montboucons, F-25030 Besancon, France. EM guoping.lin@femto-st.fr RI Lin, Guoping/I-3381-2015 OI Lin, Guoping/0000-0003-4007-1850 FU European Research Council (ERC); Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) through the project SHYRO; Region de Franche-Comte; Labex ACTION FX The authors acknowledge financial support from the European Research Council (ERC) through the projects NextPhase and Versyt. They also acknowledge financial support from the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) through the project SHYRO, from the Region de Franche-Comte, and from the Labex ACTION. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 27 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 20 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 9 BP 2407 EP 2412 DI 10.1364/AO.54.002407 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA CE2IC UT WOS:000351638300034 PM 25968529 ER PT J AU Burton, ML Potts, JC Carr, DR AF Burton, Michael L. Potts, Jennifer C. Carr, Daniel R. TI Age, growth and natural mortality of coney (Cephalopholis fulva) from the southeastern United States SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Serranidae; Life history; Age and growth; Natural mortality ID COAST; FISH AB Coney (Cephalopholis fulva) sampled from recreational and commercial vessels along the southeastern coast of the United States in 1998-2013 (n = 353) were aged by counting opaque bands on sectioned sagittal otoliths. Analysis of otolith edge type (opaque or translucent) revealed that annuli formed in January-June with a peak in April. Coney were aged up to 19 years, and the largest fish measured 430 mm in total length (TL). The weight-length relationship was ln(W) = 3.03xln(TL) - 18.05 (n = 487; coefficient of determination [r(2)] = 0.91), where W = whole weight in kilograms and and TL = total length in millimeters. Mean observed sizes at ages 1, 3, 5, 10, and 19 years were 225, 273, 307, 338, and 400 mm TL, respectively. The von Bertalanffy growth equation for coney was L-t = 377(1 -e((-0.20(t+3.53)))). Natural mortality (M) estimated by Hewitt and Hoenig's longevity-based method which integrates all ages was 0.22. Age-specific M values, estimated with the method of Charnov and others, were 0.40, 0.30, 0.26, 0.22, and 0.20 for ages 1, 3, 5, 10, and 19, respectively. C1 [Burton, Michael L.; Potts, Jennifer C.; Carr, Daniel R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC USA. RP Burton, ML (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC USA. EM michael.burton@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Miami, FL FX This work was funding by the National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Miami, FL. The Southeast Fisheries Science Center had no role in the design or execution of the study but did have the final say in the decision to publish the manuscript (did it meet strict scientific guidelines and quality). NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 15 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD MAR 19 PY 2015 VL 3 AR e825 DI 10.7717/peerj.825 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CE2UC UT WOS:000351673600002 PM 25802801 ER PT J AU Croft, JFE Bohn, JL AF Croft, James F. E. Bohn, John L. TI Non-sticking of helium buffer gas to hydrocarbons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY; CHIRAL MOLECULES; FORCE-FIELD AB Lifetimes of complexes formed during helium-hydrocarbon collisions at low temperature are estimated for symmetric-top hydrocarbons. The lifetimes are obtained using a density-of-states approach. In general the lifetimes are less than 10-100 ns and are found to decrease with increasing hydrocarbon size. This suggests that clustering will not limit precision spectroscopy in helium-buffer-gas experiments. Lifetimes are computed for noble-gas benzene collisions and are found to be in reasonable agreement with lifetimes obtained from classical trajectories as reported by J. Cui et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 141, 164315 (2014)]. C1 [Croft, James F. E.] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Croft, JFE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative Grant [FA9550-1-0588] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative Grant No. FA9550-1-0588. We acknowledge useful conversations with J. Piskorski, D. Patterson, and J. Doyle. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 18 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 3 AR 032706 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.91.032706 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CE9CE UT WOS:000352140300004 ER PT J AU Bloch, ED Queen, WL Chavan, S Wheatley, PS Zadrozny, JM Morris, R Brown, CM Lamberti, C Bordiga, S Long, JR AF Bloch, Eric D. Queen, Wendy L. Chavan, Sachin Wheatley, Paul S. Zadrozny, Joseph M. Morris, Russell Brown, Craig M. Lamberti, Carlo Bordiga, Silvia Long, Jeffrey R. TI Gradual Release of Strongly Bound Nitric Oxide from Fe-2(NO)(2)(dobdc) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; SMALL MOLECULES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; HIGH-CAPACITY; ADSORPTION; CATALYSTS; STORAGE; COORDINATION; TEMPERATURE; REACTIVITY AB An iron(II)-based metal-organic framework featuring coordinatively unsaturated redox-active metal cation sites, Fe-2(dobdc) (dobdc(4-) = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate), is shown to strongly bind nitric oxide at 298 K. Adsorption isotherms indicate an adsorption capacity greater than 16 wt %, corresponding to the adsorption of one NO molecule per iron center. Infrared, UV-vis, and Mossbauer spectroscopies, together with magnetic susceptibility data, confirm the strong binding is a result of electron transfer from the Fe-II sites to form Fe-III-NO- adducts. Consistent with these results, powder neutron diffraction experiments indicate that NO is bound to the iron centers of the framework with an Fe-N-O separation of 1.77(1) angstrom and an FeNO angle of 150.9(5)degrees. The nitric oxide-containing material, Fe-2(NO)(2)(dobdc), steadily releases bound NO under humid conditions over the course of more than 10 days, suggesting it, and potential future iron(II)-based metal-organic frameworks, are good candidates for certain biomedical applications. C1 [Bloch, Eric D.; Zadrozny, Joseph M.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Queen, Wendy L.; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Queen, Wendy L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chavan, Sachin; Lamberti, Carlo; Bordiga, Silvia] Univ Turin, Dept Chem, NIS, CrisDi, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Chavan, Sachin; Lamberti, Carlo; Bordiga, Silvia] Univ Turin, INSTM Ctr Reference, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Wheatley, Paul S.; Morris, Russell] Univ St Andrews, EaStChem Sch Chem, St Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, Scotland. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. [Lamberti, Carlo] Southern Fed Univ, Rostov Na Donu 344090, Russia. RP Long, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jrlong@berkeley.edu RI Zadrozny, Joseph/D-8206-2015; Lamberti, Carlo/C-5901-2013; Bordiga, Silvia/M-3875-2014; Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014; Chavan, Sachin/B-8025-2014; Zadrozny, Joseph/A-1429-2017; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Morris, Russell/G-4285-2010 OI Zadrozny, Joseph/0000-0002-1309-6545; Lamberti, Carlo/0000-0001-8004-2312; Bordiga, Silvia/0000-0003-2371-4156; Zadrozny, Joseph/0000-0002-1309-6545; Queen, Wendy/0000-0002-8375-2341; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Morris, Russell/0000-0001-7809-0315 FU Center for Gas Separations Relevant to Clean Energy Technologies, an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001015]; Arkema and Gerald K. Branch; Ateneo Project [ORTO11RRT5]; Mega-grant of the Russian Federation Government [14.Y26.31.0001] FX This research was supported through the Center for Gas Separations Relevant to Clean Energy Technologies, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under award DE-SC0001015. We thank Arkema and Gerald K. Branch for fellowship support of E.D.B. and Ateneo Project 2011 ORTO11RRT5 for financial support of S.B., C.L., and S.C. C.L. acknowledges the Mega-grant of the Russian Federation Government number 14.Y26.31.0001 for support. NR 58 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 88 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 18 PY 2015 VL 137 IS 10 BP 3466 EP 3469 DI 10.1021/ja5132243 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CD9LW UT WOS:000351420800007 PM 25710124 ER PT J AU Jin, SF Huang, Q Lin, ZP Li, ZL Wu, XZ Ying, TP Wang, G Chen, XL AF Jin, S. F. Huang, Q. Lin, Z. P. Li, Z. L. Wu, X. Z. Ying, T. P. Wang, G. Chen, X. L. TI Two-dimensional magnetic correlations and partial long-range order in geometrically frustrated CaOFeS with triangle lattice of Fe ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; ANTI-FERROMAGNETS; OXYSULFIDE; LICRO2 AB We report the results on the structure, transport, and magnetic properties of a layered oxysulfide CaOFeS with a stacked triangle lattice of Fe ions. The susceptibility data show a broad maximum near 120 K, indicating the existence of two-dimensional (2D) short-range ordering in this compound. Features associated with long-range antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase transition are seen below 40 K. Meanwhile, a very small heat-capacity anomaly is detected around 35 K, and most of the measured magnetic entropy is lost during the 2D ordering process. Both crystal and magnetic structures were studied by neutron powder diffraction at 300, 125, 40, and 6 K. The structure was refined based on space group P6(3)mc with a = 3.759 98(4) and c = 11.383 51(16) angstrom at ambient temperature. Low-temperature diffraction reveals 2D magnetic correlations between Fe moments without showing significant structural distortion. Warren peak shape analysis of the neutron-diffraction data at 2 theta near 18 degrees is employed to characterize the correlation length in the 2D magnetic state with lowering temperature. The geometrically frustrated compound is found to gradually condense into a partial long-range ordered state with AFM coupled Fe layers between 40.6 and 26 K. The resulting partially ordered magnetic structure is a G-type Ising AFM with a propagation vector of k = (1/2,1/2,0) and an ordered magnetic moment of 2.59(3)mu(B)/Fe along c at 6 K. C1 [Jin, S. F.; Lin, Z. P.; Li, Z. L.; Wu, X. Z.; Ying, T. P.; Wang, G.; Chen, X. L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Res & Dev Ctr Funct Crystals, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Huang, Q.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, X. L.] Collaborat Innovat Ctr Quantum Matter, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. RP Chen, XL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Res & Dev Ctr Funct Crystals, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM chenx29@iphy.ac.cn RI Wang, Gang/F-1858-2011 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [91422303, 51202286, 51472266] FX S. F. Jin would like to thank Dr. X. F. Lai, H. Zhang, and S. J. Shen for helpful discussions. This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No. 91422303, No. 51202286, and No. 51472266. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 57 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 18 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 9 AR 094420 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.094420 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CE9CL UT WOS:000352141100003 ER PT J AU Bauer, S Olson, J Cockrill, A van Hattem, M Miller, L Tauzer, M Leppig, G AF Bauer, Scott Olson, Jennifer Cockrill, Adam van Hattem, Michael Miller, Linda Tauzer, Margaret Leppig, Gordon TI Impacts of Surface Water Diversions for Marijuana Cultivation on Aquatic Habitat in Four Northwestern California Watersheds SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; FLOW REGIMES; IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE; INSTREAM DIVERSIONS; STREAM AMPHIBIANS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; CHINOOK SALMON; BIODIVERSITY AB Marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation has proliferated in northwestern California since at least the mid-1990s. The environmental impacts associated with marijuana cultivation appear substantial, yet have been difficult to quantify, in part because cultivation is clandestine and often occurs on private property. To evaluate the impacts of water diversions at a watershed scale, we interpreted high-resolution aerial imagery to estimate the number of marijuana plants being cultivated in four watersheds in northwestern California, USA. Lowaltitude aircraft flights and search warrants executed with law enforcement at cultivation sites in the region helped to validate assumptions used in aerial imagery interpretation. We estimated the water demand of marijuana irrigation and the potential effects water diversions could have on stream flow in the study watersheds. Our results indicate that water demand for marijuana cultivation has the potential to divert substantial portions of streamflow in the study watersheds, with an estimated flow reduction of up to 23% of the annual sevenday low flow in the least impacted of the study watersheds. Estimates from the other study watersheds indicate that water demand for marijuana cultivation exceeds streamflow during the low-flow period. In the most impacted study watersheds, diminished streamflow is likely to have lethal or sub-lethal effects on state-and federally-listed salmon and steelhead trout and to cause further decline of sensitive amphibian species. C1 [Bauer, Scott; Olson, Jennifer; Cockrill, Adam; van Hattem, Michael; Miller, Linda; Leppig, Gordon] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Eureka, CA 95501 USA. [Tauzer, Margaret] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Arcata, CA USA. RP Bauer, S (reprint author), Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Eureka, CA 95501 USA. EM scott.bauer@wildlife.ca.gov NR 85 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 33 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 18 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 3 AR UNSP e0120016 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0120016 PG 25 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CE9BN UT WOS:000352138500149 PM 25785849 ER PT J AU Pardo, MA Gerrodette, T Beier, E Gendron, D Forney, KA Chivers, SJ Barlow, J Palacios, DM AF Pardo, Mario A. Gerrodette, Tim Beier, Emilio Gendron, Diane Forney, Karin A. Chivers, Susan J. Barlow, Jay Palacios, Daniel M. TI Inferring Cetacean Population Densities from the Absolute Dynamic Topography of the Ocean in a Hierarchical Bayesian Framework SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; WHALES BALAENOPTERA-MUSCULUS; CALIFORNIA CURRENT ECOSYSTEM; SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; LINE TRANSECT DATA; STATE-SPACE MODEL; NORTH PACIFIC; BLUE WHALE; EL-NINO; DOLPHIN HABITATS AB We inferred the population densities of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) and short-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) in the Northeast Pacific Ocean as functions of the water-column's physical structure by implementing hierarchical models in a Bayesian framework. This approach allowed us to propagate the uncertainty of the field observations into the inference of species-habitat relationships and to generate spatially explicit population density predictions with reduced effects of sampling heterogeneity. Our hypothesis was that the large-scale spatial distributions of these two cetacean species respond primarily to ecological processes resulting from shoaling and outcropping of the pycnocline in regions of wind-forced upwelling and eddy-like circulation. Physically, these processes affect the thermodynamic balance of the water column, decreasing its volume and thus the height of the absolute dynamic topography (ADT). Biologically, they lead to elevated primary productivity and persistent aggregation of low-trophic-level prey. Unlike other remotely sensed variables, ADT provides information about the structure of the entire water column and it is also routinely measured at high spatial-temporal resolution by satellite altimeters with uniform global coverage. Our models provide spatially explicit population density predictions for both species, even in areas where the pycnocline shoals but does not outcrop (e.g. the Costa Rica Dome and the North Equatorial Countercurrent thermocline ridge). Interannual variations in distribution during El Nino anomalies suggest that the population density of both species decreases dramatically in the Equatorial Cold Tongue and the Costa Rica Dome, and that their distributions retract to particular areas that remain productive, such as the more oceanic waters in the central California Current System, the northern Gulf of California, the North Equatorial Countercurrent thermocline ridge, and the more southern portion of the Humboldt Current System. We posit that such reductions in available foraging habitats during climatic disturbances could incur high energetic costs on these populations, ultimately affecting individual fitness and survival. C1 [Pardo, Mario A.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Posgrado Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Pardo, Mario A.; Beier, Emilio] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Unidad La Paz, La Paz 23050, Baja California, Mexico. [Gerrodette, Tim; Forney, Karin A.; Chivers, Susan J.; Barlow, Jay] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Gendron, Diane] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, La Paz 23096, Baja California, Mexico. [Palacios, Daniel M.] Oregon State Univ, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Pardo, MA (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Posgrado Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM mpardo@cicese.mx RI Pardo, Mario/F-9815-2015; OI Pardo, Mario/0000-0003-1248-3399; Palacios, Daniel/0000-0001-7069-7913 FU U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT) [168034-T-1753]; Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia at Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Laboratorio de Ecologia de Cetaceos y Quelonios at Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional [SIP-20070803]; Cetacean Society International; Ocean Foundation; American Cetacean Society; Sociedad Mexicana de Mastozoologia Marina (SOMEMMA); Consejo Sudcaliforniano de Ciencia y Tecnologia (COSCyT); Interagency NASA Climate and Biological Response Program [NNX11AP71G] FX The survey cruises for cetacean data collection were funded by the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service as part of its annual budget. This study received funds from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT; http://www.conacyt.mx/), through the project "Un estudio de la corriente costera Mexicana y el Pacifico adyacente, con SeaGlider, cruceros oceanograficos y datos de satelite" (Grant No. 168034-T-1753; PI: EB), a Ph.D. scholarship and an international internship grant to MAP. The authors also received financial support from Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia (http://www.pcml.unam.mx/) at Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, and Laboratorio de Ecologia de Cetaceos y Quelonios at Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional (http://www.cicimar.ipn.mx/oacis/), through the project "Estructura poblacional y movimiento de algunos cetaceos del Golfo de California" (Grant No. SIP-20070803; PI: DG). MAP received grants from Cetacean Society International (http://www.csiwhalesalive.org/index.php), The Ocean Foundation (http://www.oceanfdn.org/), American Cetacean Society (http://acsonline.org/), Sociedad Mexicana de Mastozoologia Marina (SOMEMMA; http://www.somemma.org/somemma/), and Consejo Sudcaliforniano de Ciencia y Tecnologia (COSCyT; http://www.coscyt.edu.mx/). DMP was funded by the Interagency NASA Climate and Biological Response Program (Grant No. NNX11AP71G; PI: H. Bailey). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 128 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 31 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 18 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 3 AR UNSP e0120727 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0120727 PG 23 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CE9BN UT WOS:000352138500188 PM 25785692 ER PT J AU Dong, R Fang, YJ Chae, J Dai, J Xiao, ZG Dong, QF Yuan, YB Centrone, A Zeng, XC Huang, JS AF Dong, Rui Fang, Yanjun Chae, Jungseok Dai, Jun Xiao, Zhengguo Dong, Qingfeng Yuan, Yongbo Centrone, Andrea Zeng, Xiao Cheng Huang, Jinsong TI High-Gain and Low-Driving-Voltage Photodetectors Based on Organolead Triiodide Perovskites SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-CELLS; CHARGE INJECTION; TEMPERATURE; DEPOSITION; NANOSCALE; POLYMER AB Solution-processed organometal trihalide perovskite photodetectors show a high photoconductive gain of above 400 across the UV to NIR range at a very low bias of 1 V. The charge traps caused by large concentrations of Pb2+ cations at the top surface of the perovskite film are critical for achieving high gain in these devices via a trapped-hole-induced electron injection mechanism. C1 [Dong, Rui; Fang, Yanjun; Xiao, Zhengguo; Dong, Qingfeng; Yuan, Yongbo; Zeng, Xiao Cheng; Huang, Jinsong] Univ Nebraska, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Chae, Jungseok; Centrone, Andrea] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chae, Jungseok] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dai, Jun; Zeng, Xiao Cheng] Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Huang, JS (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM jhuang2@unl.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-14-1-0030, HDTRA1-10-1-0098]; Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N000141210556]; National Science of Foundation [CMM-1265834]; Nebraska Public Power District through Nebraska Center for Energy Sciences Research FX R.D. and Y.F. contributed equally to this work. This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (Award No. HDTRA1-14-1-0030, HDTRA1-10-1-0098), the Office of Naval Research (ONR, Award No. N000141210556), the National Science of Foundation (Award No. CMM-1265834) and the Nebraska Public Power District through the Nebraska Center for Energy Sciences Research. NR 33 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 38 U2 259 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD MAR 18 PY 2015 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1912 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.201405116 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CD6RJ UT WOS:000351216500014 PM 25605226 ER PT J AU Stow, CA Cha, Y Johnson, LT Confesor, R Richards, RP AF Stow, Craig A. Cha, YoonKyung Johnson, Laura T. Confesor, Remegio Richards, R. Peter TI Long-Term and Seasonal Trend Decomposition of Maumee River Nutrient Inputs to Western Lake Erie SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BAYESIAN HIERARCHICAL MODEL; WATER-QUALITY; RE-EUTROPHICATION; LOADING ANALYSIS; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; BLOOM; BAY; CYANOBACTERIA; MICROCYSTIS AB Cyanobacterial blooms in western Lake Erie have recently garnered widespread attention. Current evidence indicates that a major source of the nutrients that fuel these blooms is the Maumee River. We applied a seasonal trend decomposition technique to examine long-term and seasonal changes in Maumee River discharge and nutrient concentrations and loads. Our results indicate similar long-term increases in both regional precipitation and Maumee River discharge (1975-2013), although changes in the seasonal cycles are less pronounced. Total and dissolved phosphorus concentrations declined from the 1970s into the 1990s; since then, total phosphorus concentrations have been relatively stable, while dissolved phosphorus concentrations have increased. However, both total and dissolved phosphorus loads have increased since the 1990s because of the Maumee River discharge increases. Total nitrogen and nitrate concentrations and loads exhibited patterns that were almost the reverse of those of phosphorus, with increases into the 1990s and decreases since then. Seasonal changes in concentrations and loads were also apparent with increases since approximately 1990 in March phosphorus concentrations and loads. These documented changes in phosphorus, nitrogen, and suspended,solids likely reflect changing land-use practices. Knowledge of these patterns should facilitate efforts to better manage ongoing eutrophication problems in western Lake Erie. C1 [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Cha, YoonKyung] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Johnson, Laura T.; Confesor, Remegio; Richards, R. Peter] Heidelberg Univ, Natl Ctr Water Qual Res, Tiffin, OH 44883 USA. RP Stow, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 South State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM craig.stow@noaa.gov OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLERL) [1746] FX This work was supported, in part, by a grant from the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLERL contribution number 1746). Cathy Darnell provided assistance with graphics. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 11 U2 66 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 17 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 6 BP 3392 EP 3400 DI 10.1021/es5062648 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CD8DC UT WOS:000351324400016 PM 25679045 ER PT J AU Fassbender, AJ Sabine, CL Lawrence-Slavas, N De Carlo, EH Meinig, C Jones, SM AF Fassbender, Andrea J. Sabine, Christopher L. Lawrence-Slavas, Noah De Carlo, Eric H. Meinig, Christian Jones, Stacy Maenner TI Robust Sensor for Extended Autonomous Measurements of Surface Ocean Dissolved Inorganic Carbon SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALTERNATE DETECTION METHODS; HIGH-ACCURACY MEASUREMENTS; SEA-WATER; SEAWATER; DIOXIDE; CO2; MARINE; SYSTEM; CYCLE; GAS AB Ocean carbon monitoring efforts have increased dramatically in the past few decades in response to the need for better marine carbon cycle characterization. Autonomous pH and carbon dioxide (CO2) sensors Capable Of yearlong deployments are now commercially available; however, due to their strong covariance, this is the least desirable pair of carbonate system parameters to measure for high-quality, in situ, carbon-cycle studies. To expand the number of tools available for autonomous carbonate system Observations, we have developed a robust surface ocean dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) sensor capable of extended (>year) field deployments with a laboratory determined uncertainty of +/- 5 mu mol kg(-1). Results from the first two field tests of this prototype sensor indicate that measurements of DIC are similar to 90% more accurate than estimates of DIC calculated from contemporaneous and collocated measurements of pH and CO2. The improved aceuracy from directly measuring DIC gives rise to new opportunities for quantitative, autonomous carbon-cycle studies. C1 [Fassbender, Andrea J.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Sabine, Christopher L.; Lawrence-Slavas, Noah; Meinig, Christian; Jones, Stacy Maenner] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [De Carlo, Eric H.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Fassbender, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM andrea.fassbender@noaa.gov OI Fassbender, Andrea/0000-0002-5898-1185 FU NOAA Ocean Acidification and Global Carbon Cycle Programs; NSF IGERT Program on Ocean Change FX This work was funded by the NOAA Ocean Acidification and Global Carbon Cycle Programs and the NSF IGERT Program on Ocean Change. The authors thank our collaborators at the Settle Aquarium, the Battelle Memorial Institute and at the University of Hawaii including: Ryan Tabata, Patrick Drupp, Jeff Jaeger and Gerianne Terlouw. We also thank our numerous collaborators at PMEL including: Richard Feely, Geoff Lebon, Cathy Cosca, Patrick McLain, Dirk Tagawa, Danna Greeley, Sylvia Musielewicz, Randy Bott, and Joseph Resing. This manuscript has benefited from the insightful comments of three anonymous reviewers and is PMEL contribution number 4234 and SOEST contribution number 9248. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 17 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 6 BP 3628 EP 3635 DI 10.1021/es5047183 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CD8DC UT WOS:000351324400043 PM 25692825 ER PT J AU Dietrich, JP Strickland, SA Hutchinson, GP Van Gaest, AL Krupkin, AB Ylitalo, GM Arkoosh, MR AF Dietrich, Joseph P. Strickland, Stacy A. Hutchinson, Greg P. Van Gaest, Ahna L. Krupkin, Alex B. Ylitalo, Gina M. Arkoosh, Mary R. TI Assimilation Efficiency of PBDE Congeners in Chinook Salmon SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DIETARY ACCUMULATION; COLUMBIA RIVER; PUGET-SOUND; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BIOACCUMULATION AB Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PEPE) flame retardants are environmental contaminants that can accumulate in biota. PBDE accumulation in an organism depends on exposure, assimilation efficiency, and elimination/Metabolism. Net assimilation efficiency represents the fraction of the contaminant that is retained in the organism after exposure. In the present study, congener-specific estimates of net PBDE assimilation efficiencies were calculated from dietary exposures of juvenile Chinook salmon. The fish were exposed to one to eight PBDE congeners up to 1500 ng total PBDEs/g food. Mean assimilation efficiencies varied from 0.32 to 0.50 for BDE congeners 28, 47, 99, 100; 153, and 154. The assimilation efficiency of BDE49 was significantly greater than 100%, suggesting biotransformation from higher brominated congeners. Whole body concentrations of BDE49 significantly increased with both exposure to increasing concentrations of BDE99 and decreasing fish lipid levels, implying lipid-influenced debromination of BDE99 to BDE49. Excluding BDE49, PBDE assimilation efficiency was not significantly related to the numbers of congeners in the diets, or congener hydrophobicity, but was greater hi foods with higher lipid levels. Estimates of PBDP, assimilation efficiency can be used in bioaccumulation models to assess threats from PBDE exposure to Chinook salmon health and recovery efforts, as well as to their predators. C1 [Dietrich, Joseph P.; Arkoosh, Mary R.] NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Strickland, Stacy A.; Hutchinson, Greg P.; Van Gaest, Ahna L.; Krupkin, Alex B.] Frank Orth & Associates, Kirkland, WA 98034 USA. [Ylitalo, Gina M.] NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, East Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Dietrich, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2032 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM joseph.dietrich@noaa.gov FU NOAA; US EPA,; Region 10, Puget Sound Science and Technical Studies Assistance Program; Federal Grant [13-923270-01]; [EPA-R10-PS-1004] FX Funds for this work were provided by NOAA and US EPA, Region 10, Puget Sound Science and Technical Studies Assistance Program; EPA-R10-PS-1004, Federal Grant No. 13-923270-01. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 17 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 6 BP 3878 EP 3886 DI 10.1021/es5057038 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CD8DC UT WOS:000351324400072 PM 25692390 ER PT J AU Large, SI Fay, G Friedland, KD Link, JS AF Large, Scott I. Fay, Gavin Friedland, Kevin D. Link, Jason S. TI Quantifying Patterns of Change in Marine Ecosystem Response to Multiple Pressures SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FISH COMMUNITY; ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS; FISHERIES PRODUCTION; GEORGES BANK; MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE; TRENDS; THRESHOLDS; ATLANTIC; SIZE AB The ability to understand and ultimately predict ecosystem response to multiple pressures is paramount to successfully implement ecosystem-based management. Thresholds shifts and nonlinear patterns in ecosystem responses can be used to determine reference points that identify levels of a pressure that may drastically alter ecosystem status, which can inform management action. However, quantifying ecosystem reference points has proven elusive due in large part to the multi-dimensional nature of both ecosystem pressures and ecosystem responses. We used ecological indicators, synthetic measures of ecosystem status and functioning, to enumerate important ecosystem attributes and to reduce the complexity of the Northeast Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem (NES LME). Random forests were used to quantify the importance of four environmental and four anthropogenic pressure variables to the value of ecological indicators, and to quantify shifts in aggregate ecological indicator response along pressure gradients. Anthropogenic pressure variables were critical defining features and were able to predict an average of 8-13% (up to 25-66% for individual ecological indicators) of the variation in ecological indicator values, whereas environmental pressures were able to predict an average of 1-5 % (up to 9-26% for individual ecological indicators) of ecological indicator variation. Each pressure variable predicted a different suite of ecological indicator's variation and the shapes of ecological indicator responses along pressure gradients were generally nonlinear. Threshold shifts in ecosystem response to exploitation, the most important pressure variable, occurred when commercial landings were 20 and 60% of total surveyed biomass. Although present, threshold shifts in ecosystem response to environmental pressures were much less important, which suggests that anthropogenic pressures have significantly altered the ecosystem structure and functioning of the NES LME. Gradient response curves provide ecologically informed transformations of pressure variables to explain patterns of ecosystem structure and functioning. By concurrently identifying thresholds for a suite of ecological indicator responses to multiple pressures, we demonstrate that ecosystem reference points can be evaluated and used to support ecosystem-based management. C1 [Large, Scott I.; Fay, Gavin; Link, Jason S.] NOAA Fisheries, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Friedland, Kevin D.] NOAA Fisheries, Narragansett, RI USA. RP Large, SI (reprint author), ICES Secretariat, Copenhagen, Denmark. EM largesi@gmail.com FU Fisheries and the Environment Program FX This study was supported by the Fisheries and the Environment Program (JSL and KDF). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 25 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 17 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 3 AR e0119922 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0119922 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CD7QC UT WOS:000351284600108 PM 25781166 ER PT J AU Katzenmeyer, AM Holland, G Kjoller, K Centrone, A AF Katzenmeyer, Aaron M. Holland, Glenn Kjoller, Kevin Centrone, Andrea TI Absorption Spectroscopy and Imaging from the Visible through Mid-Infrared with 20 nm Resolution SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FIELD OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; PTIR TECHNIQUE; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; LIMIT; TIP; SCATTERING; NANOSCALE; NANOSPECTROSCOPY; NANOCRYSTALS AB Absorption spectroscopy and mapping from visible through mid-IR wavelengths has been achieved with spatial resolution exceeding the limit imposed by diffraction via the photothermal induced resonance technique. Correlated vibrational (chemical), and electronic properties are obtained simultaneously with topography with a wavelength-independent resolution of approximate to 20 nm using a single laboratory-scale instrument. This marks the highest resolution reported for PTIR, as determined by comparing height and PTIR images, and its first extension to near-IR and visible wavelengths. C1 [Katzenmeyer, Aaron M.; Holland, Glenn; Centrone, Andrea] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kjoller, Kevin] Anasys Instruments Inc, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. RP Centrone, A (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrea.centrone@nist.gov RI Katzenmeyer, Aaron/F-7961-2014 OI Katzenmeyer, Aaron/0000-0002-5755-8537 NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 7 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 17 PY 2015 VL 87 IS 6 BP 3154 EP 3159 DI 10.1021/ac504672t PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA CD8DQ UT WOS:000351325800008 PM 25707296 ER PT J AU Mak, TD Laiakis, EC Goudarzi, M Fornace, AJ AF Mak, Tytus D. Laiakis, Evagelia C. Goudarzi, Maryam Fornace, Albert J., Jr. TI Selective Paired Ion Contrast Analysis: A Novel Algorithm for Analyzing Postprocessed LC-MS Metabolomics Data Possessing High Experimental Noise SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COLORECTAL-CANCER; RADIATION; CELLS; ACIDS AB One of the consequences in analyzing biological data from noisy sources, such as human subjects, is the sheer variability of experimentally irrelevant factors that cannot be controlled for. This holds true especially in metabolomics, the global study of small molecules in a particular system. While rnetabolomics can offer deep quantitative insight into the metabolome via easy-to-acquire biofluid samples such as urine and blood, the aforementioned confounding factors tan easily overwhelm attempts to extract relevant information. This can mar potentially crucial applications such as biomarker discovery. As such, a new algorithm, called Selective Paired Ion Contrast (SPICA), has been developed with the intent of extracting potentially biologically relevant information from the noisiest of metabolomic data sets. The basic. idea of SPICA is built upon redefining the fundamental unit of statistical analysis. Whereas the vast majority of algorithms analyze metabolomics data on a single-ion basis, SPICA relies on analyzing ion-pairs. A standard metabolomic data set is reinterpreted by exhaustively considering all possible ion-pair combinations. Statistical comparisons between sample groups are made only by analyzing the differences in these pairs, which may be crucial in situations where no single metabolite can be used for normalization. With SPICA, human urine data sets from patients undergoing total body irradiation (TBI) and from a colorectal cancer (CRC) relapse study were analyzed in a statistically rigorous manner not possible with conventional methods. In the TBI study, 3530 statistically significant ion-pairs were identified, from which numerous putative radiation specific metabolite-pair biomarkers that mapped to potentially perturbed metabolic pathways were elucidated. In the CRC study, SPICA identified 6461 statistically significant ion-pairs, several of which putatively mapped to folic acid biosynthesis a key pathway in colorectal cancer. Utilizing support vector machines (SVMs), SPICA was also able to unequivocally outperform binary classifiers built from classical single-ion feature based SVMs. C1 [Mak, Tytus D.; Fornace, Albert J., Jr.] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Lombardi Comprehens Canc Ctr, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Laiakis, Evagelia C.; Goudarzi, Maryam; Fornace, Albert J., Jr.] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Biochem & Mol & Cellular Biol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Fornace, Albert J., Jr.] King Abdulaziz Univ, CEGMR, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia. RP Mak, TD (reprint author), NIST, Mass Spectrometry Data Ctr, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8362, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tytus.mak@nist.gov RI Goudarzi, Maryam/O-9472-2015; OI Goudarzi, Maryam/0000-0003-4961-3935; Fornace, Albert/0000-0001-9695-085X FU NIAID [U19AI067773]; National Cancer Institute [P30CA051008, T32-CA009686]; [R01AI101798] FX This work was supported by the Grants U19AI067773 and R01AI101798; the NIAID Grant U19AI067773 was crucial in supporting this effort. George Luta, John Moult, Subha Madhavan, and Anton Wellstein provided vital guidance and consultation in the development of the approaches. Subha Madhavan also provided support for the analysis of the CRC data set. The project was also supported by Award P30CA051008 and the T32-CA009686 Training Grant from the National Cancer Institute. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Cancer Institute or the National Institutes of Health. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 17 PY 2015 VL 87 IS 6 BP 3177 EP 3186 DI 10.1021/ac504012a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA CD8DQ UT WOS:000351325800012 PM 25683158 ER PT J AU Flores, E Rhoderick, GC Viallon, J Moussay, P Choteau, T Gameson, L Guenther, FR Wielgosz, RI AF Flores, Edgar Rhoderick, George C. Viallon, Joele Moussay, Philippe Choteau, Tiphaine Gameson, Lyn Guenther, Franklin R. Wielgosz, Robert Ian TI Methane Standards Made in Whole and Synthetic Air Compared by Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection for Atmospheric Monitoring Applications SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; CO2; CALIBRATION; MIXTURES AB There is evidence that the use of whole air versus synthetic air can bias measurement results when analyzing, atmospheric samples for methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and wavelength scanned-cavity ring down spectroscopy (WS-CRDS) were used to compare CH4 standards produced with whole air or synthetic air as the matrix over the mole fraction range of 1600-2100 nmol mol(-1). GC-FID measurements were performed by including ratios to a stable control cylinder, obtaining a typical relative standard measurement uncertainty of 0.025%. CRDS measurements were performed using the same protocol and also with no interruption for a limited time period without use of a control cylinder, obtaining relative standard uncertainties of 0.031% and 0.015%, respectively. This measurement procedure was subsequently used,for an ID international comparison, in which three pairs of whole air standards were compared with five pairs of synthetic air standards (two each froiri eight different laboratories). The variation from the reference value for the whole air standards Was determined to be 2.07 nmol mol(-1) (average standard deviation); and that of synthetic air standards was 1.37 nmol mol(-1) (average deviation). All but one standard agreed with the reference value within the stated uncertainty. No significant difference in performance was observed between standards made from synthetic air or whole air, and the accuracy of both types of standards was limited only by the ability to measure trace CH4 levels in the matrix gases used to produce the Standards. C1 [Flores, Edgar; Viallon, Joele; Moussay, Philippe; Choteau, Tiphaine; Wielgosz, Robert Ian] Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. [Rhoderick, George C.; Gameson, Lyn; Guenther, Franklin R.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Flores, E (reprint author), Bur Int Poids & Mesures, Pavilion Breteuil, F-92312 Sevres, France. EM edgar.flores@bipm.org NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 17 PY 2015 VL 87 IS 6 BP 3272 EP 3279 DI 10.1021/ac5043076 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA CD8DQ UT WOS:000351325800024 PM 25679264 ER PT J AU Dziak, RP Bohnenstiehl, DR Baker, ET Matsumoto, H Caplan-Auerbach, J Embley, RW Merle, SG Walker, SL Lau, TK Chadwick, WW AF Dziak, R. P. Bohnenstiehl, D. R. Baker, E. T. Matsumoto, H. Caplan-Auerbach, J. Embley, R. W. Merle, S. G. Walker, S. L. Lau, T-K. Chadwick, W. W., Jr. TI Long-term explosive degassing and debris flow activity at West Mata submarine volcano SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE eruption; submarine; degassing; debris ID LAU BASIN; HARMONIC TREMOR; REDOUBT VOLCANO; ERUPTION; LANDSLIDES; ARC AB West Mata is a 1200m deep submarine volcano where explosive boninite eruptions were observed in 2009. The acoustic signatures from the volcano's summit eruptive vents Hades and Prometheus were recorded with an in situ (similar to 25m range) hydrophone during ROV dives in May 2009 and with local (similar to 5km range) moored hydrophones between December 2009 and August 2011. The sensors recorded low frequency (1-40Hz), short duration explosions consistent with magma bubble bursts from Hades, and broadband, 1-5min duration signals associated with episodes of fragmentation degassing from Prometheus. Long-term eruptive degassing signals, recorded through May 2010, preceded a several month period of declining activity. Degassing episodes were not recorded acoustically after early 2011, although quieter effusive eruption activity may have continued. Synchronous optical measurements of turbidity made between December 2009 and April 2010 indicate that turbidity maxima resulted from occasional south flank slope failures triggered by the collapse of accumulated debris during eruption intervals. C1 [Dziak, R. P.; Matsumoto, H.; Merle, S. G.; Lau, T-K.; Chadwick, W. W., Jr.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resource Studies, NOAA,Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Bohnenstiehl, D. R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Baker, E. T.; Walker, S. L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Caplan-Auerbach, J.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Embley, R. W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR USA. RP Dziak, RP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resource Studies, NOAA,Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Robert.P.Dziak@noaa.gov OI Baker, Edward/0000-0002-8794-4180 FU National Science Foundation [OCE 0825295, 1029278]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148, 2257]; NOAA-PMEL Vents, Acoustics and Earth-Ocean Interactions Programs, PMEL [4208]; NSF; MARGINS; NOAA (NSF) [OCE 0930025, OCE 0934660] FX Support was provided from the National Science Foundation, through awards OCE 0825295 and 1029278. This work was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, contribution 2257, and by the NOAA-PMEL Vents, Acoustics and Earth-Ocean Interactions Programs, PMEL contribution 4208. We thank the crew and technical staff of the research vessels T.G. Thompson, Kilo Moana, and Marcus Langseth as well as the Jason-2 ROV team. The NSF Ridge 2000, MARGINS, and NOAA Ocean Exploration programs played major roles in the planning, justification, and support for the May 2009 TN234 expedition (NSF awards OCE 0930025 and OCE 0934660), thanks to Chief Scientist Joe Resing for his capable leadership during this cruise. We also thank Ken Rubin and an anonymous reviewer for very helpful comments that greatly improved the manuscript. All hydrophone and turbidity data are available upon request from the authors. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1480 EP 1487 DI 10.1002/2014GL062603 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CE5CL UT WOS:000351847600028 ER PT J AU Ao, CO Jiang, JH Mannucci, AJ Su, H Verkhoglyadova, O Zhai, CX Cole, J Donner, L Iversen, T Morcrette, C Rotstayn, L Watanabe, M Yukimoto, S AF Ao, Chi O. Jiang, Jonathan H. Mannucci, Anthony J. Su, Hui Verkhoglyadova, Olga Zhai, Chengxing Cole, Jason Donner, Leo Iversen, Trond Morcrette, Cyril Rotstayn, Leon Watanabe, Masahiro Yukimoto, Seiji TI Evaluation of CMIP5 upper troposphere and lower stratosphere geopotential height with GPS radio occultation observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE CMIP5; radio occultation; geopotential height; UTLS; GPS; GNSS ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ERA-INTERIM REANALYSIS; EARTHS ATMOSPHERE; CLIMATE; ASSIMILATION; UNCERTAINTY; FIELDS; MODEL AB We present a detailed comparison of geopotential height fields between the Coupled Model Inter-Comparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models and satellite observations from GPS radio occultation (RO). Our comparison focuses on the annual mean, seasonal cycle, and interannual variability of 200 hPa geopotential height in the years 2002-2008. Using a wide sample of atmosphere-only model runs (AMIP) from the CMIP5 archive, we find that most models agree well with the observations and weather reanalyses in the tropics in both the annual means and interannual variabilities. However, the agreement is poor over the extratropics with the largest model spreads in the high latitudes and the largest bias in the southern middle to high latitudes that persist all seasons. The models also show excessive seasonal variability over the Northern midlatitude land areas as well as the Southern Ocean but insufficient variability over the tropics and Antarctica. While the underlying causes for the model discrepancies require further analyses, this study demonstrates that global observations from GPS RO provide accurate benchmark-quality measurements in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere through which biases in climate models as well as weather reanalyses can be identified. C1 [Ao, Chi O.; Jiang, Jonathan H.; Mannucci, Anthony J.; Su, Hui; Verkhoglyadova, Olga; Zhai, Chengxing] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Cole, Jason] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modeling & Anal, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Donner, Leo] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Iversen, Trond] Norwegian Climate Ctr, Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Morcrette, Cyril] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Rotstayn, Leon] CSIRO, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Watanabe, Masahiro] Univ Tokyo, Atmospher & Ocean Res Inst, Model Interdisciplinary Res Climate, Chiba, Japan. [Yukimoto, Seiji] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Ao, CO (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM chi.o.ao@jpl.nasa.gov RI Morcrette, Cyril/H-7282-2012; Rotstayn, Leon/A-1756-2012; Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015; OI Morcrette, Cyril/0000-0002-4240-8472; Rotstayn, Leon/0000-0002-2385-4223; Cole, Jason/0000-0003-0450-2748; Verkhoglyadova, Olga/0000-0002-9295-9539 FU NASA ROSES CLARREO SDT; MAP; NDOA; Norwegian Research Council through EarthClim; EVA; Norwegian supercomputer program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Funding support from the NASA ROSES CLARREO SDT, MAP, and NDOA projects are gratefully acknowledged. The work with NorESM is supported by the Norwegian Research Council through EarthClim, EVA, and the Norwegian supercomputer program. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments that improved the manuscript. All the data used in this paper are publicly available: Monthly averaged gridded (Level 3) GPS RO data from http://genesis.jpl.nasa.gov, CMIP5 model outputs from the Earth System Grid (http://www.earthsystemgrid.org), and ERA-Interim from http://www.ecmwf.int, and MERRA from http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/merra/. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 16 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 5 BP 1678 EP 1689 DI 10.1002/2014JD022239 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE2VL UT WOS:000351678100004 ER PT J AU Kongoli, C Meng, H Dong, J Ferraro, R AF Kongoli, Cezar Meng, Huan Dong, Jun Ferraro, Ralph TI A snowfall detection algorithm over land utilizing high-frequency passive microwave measurements-Application to ATMS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE snowfall detection; satellite passive microwave measurements ID UNITED-STATES; SOUNDING UNIT; PRECIPITATION; SATELLITE; RADAR; SYSTEM; MODEL; RAIN; AMSU AB This paper presents a snowfall detection algorithm over land from high-frequency passive microwave measurements. The algorithm computes the probability of snowfall using logistic regression and the principal components of the seven high-frequency brightness temperature measurements at Atmospheric Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) channel frequencies 89 GHz and above. The oxygen absorption channel 6 (53.6 GHz) is utilized as temperature proxy to define the snowfall retrieval domain. Ground truth surface meteorological data including snowfall occurrence were collected over Conterminous U.S. and Alaska during two winter seasons in 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. Statistical analysis of the in situ data matched with ATMS measurements showed that in relatively warmer weather, snowfall tends to be associated with lower high-frequency brightness temperatures than no snowfall, and the brightness temperatures are negatively correlated with measured snowfall rate. In colder weather conditions, however, snowfall tends to occur at higher microwave brightness temperatures than no-snowfall, and the brightness temperatures are positively correlated with snowfall rate. The brightness temperature decrease and the negative correlations with snowfall rate in warmer weather are attributed to the scattering effect. It is hypothesized that the scattering effect is insignificant in colder weather due to the predominance of lighter snowfall and emission. Based on these results, a two-step algorithm is developed that optimizes snowfall detection over these two distinct temperature regimes. Evaluation of the algorithm shows skill in capturing snowfall in variable weather conditions as well as the remaining challenges in the retrieval of lighter and colder snowfall. C1 [Kongoli, Cezar; Dong, Jun] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kongoli, Cezar; Meng, Huan; Ferraro, Ralph] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Kongoli, C (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM cezar.kongoli@noaa.gov RI Meng, Huan/F-5613-2010; Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010 OI Meng, Huan/0000-0001-6449-890X; Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135 FU NOAA [NA09NES4400006] FX This research was partially supported by NOAA grant NA09NES4400006 awarded to the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (CICS) at the Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC) of the University of Maryland, College Park. The data for producing this paper are distributed by NOAA's National Climate Data Center (NCDC, www.ncdc.noaa.gov) for the Quality Controlled Local Climatology Data (QCLCD) and by NOAA's Comprehensive Large Array-Data Stewardship System (CLASS, http://www.class.ncdc.noaa.gov) for S-NPP ATMS Temperature Data Record (TDR). NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 16 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 5 BP 1918 EP 1932 DI 10.1002/2014JD022427 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE2VL UT WOS:000351678100018 ER PT J AU Peischl, J Ryerson, TB Aikin, KC de Gouw, JA Gilman, JB Holloway, JS Lerner, BM Nadkarni, R Neuman, JA Nowak, JB Trainer, M Warneke, C Parrish, DD AF Peischl, J. Ryerson, T. B. Aikin, K. C. de Gouw, J. A. Gilman, J. B. Holloway, J. S. Lerner, B. M. Nadkarni, R. Neuman, J. A. Nowak, J. B. Trainer, M. Warneke, C. Parrish, D. D. TI Quantifying atmospheric methane emissions from the Haynesville, Fayetteville, and northeastern Marcellus shale gas production regions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE methane; emissions; natural gas; shale gas ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; NATURAL-GAS; UNITED-STATES; OZONE; COAL; OPERATIONS; AEROSOLS; COLORADO; LEAKAGE; PLUMES AB We present measurements of methane (CH4) taken aboard a NOAA WP-3D research aircraft in 2013 over the Haynesville shale region in eastern Texas/northwestern Louisiana, the Fayetteville shale region in Arkansas, and the northeastern Pennsylvania portion of the Marcellus shale region, which accounted for the majority of Marcellus shale gas production that year. We calculate emission rates from the horizontal CH4 flux in the planetary boundary layer downwind of each region after subtracting the CH4 flux entering the region upwind. We find 1 day CH4 emissions of (8.02.7)x10(7)g/h from the Haynesville region, (3.91.8)x10(7)g/h from the Fayetteville region, and (1.50.6)x10(7)g/h from the Marcellus region in northeastern Pennsylvania. Finally, we compare the CH4 emissions to the total volume of natural gas extracted from each region to derive a loss rate from production operations of 1.0-2.1% from the Haynesville region, 1.0-2.8% from the Fayetteville region, and 0.18-0.41% from the Marcellus region in northeastern Pennsylvania. The climate impact of CH4 loss from shale gas production depends upon the total leakage from all production regions. The regions investigated in this work represented over half of the U.S. shale gas production in 2013, and we find generally lower loss rates than those reported in earlier studies of regions that made smaller contributions to total production. Hence, the national average CH4 loss rate from shale gas production may be lower than values extrapolated from the earlier studies. C1 [Peischl, J.; Aikin, K. C.; de Gouw, J. A.; Gilman, J. B.; Holloway, J. S.; Lerner, B. M.; Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.; Warneke, C.; Parrish, D. D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Peischl, J.; Ryerson, T. B.; Aikin, K. C.; de Gouw, J. A.; Gilman, J. B.; Holloway, J. S.; Lerner, B. M.; Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.; Trainer, M.; Warneke, C.; Parrish, D. D.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Nadkarni, R.] Texas Commiss Environm Qual, Austin, TX USA. RP Peischl, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jeff.peischl@noaa.gov RI Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Aikin, Kenneth/I-1973-2013; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010 OI Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724 FU Hendrix College; NOAA FX Data will be publicly available at http://esrl.noaa.gov/csd/groups/csd7/measurements/2013senex/P3/DataDownl oad/ in July 2015. Until such time, data are available upon request. J.B.G. and B.M.L. thank NOAA Hollings Scholar M. Dumas and Hendrix College for partially funding A. Jacksich, D. Hughes, and C. D. Hatch, who helped with whole air sample measurements. NR 29 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 16 U2 70 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 16 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 5 BP 2119 EP 2139 DI 10.1002/2014JD022697 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE2VL UT WOS:000351678100030 ER PT J AU Balk, AL Hangarter, C Stavis, SM Unguris, J AF Balk, Andrew L. Hangarter, Carlos Stavis, Samuel M. Unguris, John TI Magnetometry of single ferromagnetic nanoparticles using magneto-optical indicator films with spatial amplification SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; ION IRRADIATION; NANOWIRES; BEHAVIOR; AGENTS AB We present a magneto-optical technique to spatially amplify and image fringe fields from single ferromagnetic nanorods. The fringe fields nucleate magnetic domains in a low-coercivity, perpendicularly magnetized indicator film, which are expanded by an applied out-of-plane field from the nanoscale to the microscale for measurement with polar Kerr microscopy. The nucleation location and therefore magnetic orientation of the sample nanorod are detected as spatially dependent field biases in locally measured hysteresis loops of the indicator film. We first discuss our method to fabricate the high-sensitivity indicator film with low energy argon ion irradiation. We then present a map of the amplified signal produced from a single nanorod as measured by the indicator film and compare it with a simultaneously obtained, unamplified fringe field map. The comparison demonstrates the advantage of the amplification mechanism and the capability of the technique to be performed with single-spot magneto-optical Kerr effect magnetometers. Our signal-to-noise ratio determines a minimum measureable particle diameter of tens of nanometers for typical transition metals. We finally use our method to obtain hysteresis loops from multiple nanorods in parallel. Our technique is unperturbed by applied in-plane fields for magnetic manipulation of nanoparticles, is robust against many common noise sources, and is applicable in a variety of test environments. We conclude with a discussion of the future optimization and application of our indicator film technique. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Balk, Andrew L.; Stavis, Samuel M.; Unguris, John] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Balk, Andrew L.] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hangarter, Carlos] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Balk, AL (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.balk@nist.gov RI Hangarter, Carlos/M-7924-2016 OI Hangarter, Carlos/0000-0002-7149-0903 FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX We gratefully acknowledge Lamar Mair for assistance with sample preparation, and Bob McMichael, Dan Gopman, and Mark Stiles for useful and enlightening discussions. Daniel Schiffels kindly provided the 100 nm Fe2O3 particles. A.L.B. acknowledges support of this research under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award No. 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2015 VL 106 IS 11 AR 112402 DI 10.1063/1.4916205 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CE1TS UT WOS:000351595500028 ER PT J AU Li, Y Zelakiewicz, BS Allison, TC Tong, YYJ AF Li, Ying Zelakiewicz, Brian S. Allison, Thomas C. Tong, YuYe J. TI Measuring Level Alignment at the Metal-Molecule Interface by In Situ Electrochemical C-13 NMR SO CHEMPHYSCHEM LA English DT Article DE gold; in situ electrochemical NMR; level alignment; metal-molecule interfaces; nanoparticles ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SOLID-STATE NMR; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; FUEL-CELLS; SPECTROSCOPY; NANOELECTRODES; TRANSITION; ENERGETICS; TRANSPORT AB A new technique to measure energy-level alignment at a metal-molecule interface between the Fermi level of the metal and the frontier orbitals of the molecule is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The method, which combines the electrochemistry of organo-ligand-stabilized Au nanoparticles with C-13 NMR spectroscopy (i.e. in situ electrochemical NMR), enables measuring both occupied and unoccupied states. C1 [Li, Ying; Zelakiewicz, Brian S.; Tong, YuYe J.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Allison, Thomas C.] NIST, MML, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tong, YYJ (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, 37th & O St NW, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM yyt@georgetown.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE-0456848, CHE-1413429]; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX The authors acknowledge financial support through the National Science Foundation (NSF) CHE-0456848 and CHE-1413429. A portion of the research was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4235 EI 1439-7641 J9 CHEMPHYSCHEM JI ChemPhysChem PD MAR 16 PY 2015 VL 16 IS 4 BP 747 EP 751 DI 10.1002/cphc.201402889 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CD5XL UT WOS:000351162000006 PM 25639536 ER PT J AU Bednarsek, N Ohman, MD AF Bednarsek, N. Ohman, M. D. TI Changes in pteropod distributions and shell dissolution across a frontal system in the California Current System SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Pteropoda; Ocean fronts; Vertical distribution; Shell dissolution ID TERRA-NOVA BAY; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; LIMACINA-HELICINA; PARTICULATE MATTER; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ECOSYSTEM; IMPACT; ZOOPLANKTON AB We tested the sensitivity of the vertical distributions and shell dissolution patterns of thecosome pteropods to spatial gradients associated with an eddy-associated front in the southern California Current System. The aragonite saturation horizon (Omega(arag) = 1.0) shoaled from > 200 to <75 m depth across the front. The vertical distribution of thecosome pteropods tracked these changes, with all 5 species showing reduced occurrence at depths below 100 m where waters were less saturated with respect to aragonite. Shell dissolution patterns of the numerically dominant thecosome Limacina helicina corresponded to the cross-frontal changes in Omega(arag) saturation state. Severe shell dissolution ( categorized here as Type II and Type III) was low in near-surface waters where Omega(arag) > 1.4, while peak dissolution occurred in depths where Omega(arag) = 1.0 to 1.4. Vertical habitat compression and increased shell dissolution may be expected to accompany future shoaling of waters that are undersaturated with respect to aragonite. C1 [Bednarsek, N.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Ohman, M. D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Bednarsek, N (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Marine & Environm Affairs, 3707 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM nina.bednarsek@noaa.gov FU National Research Council; NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA Ocean Acidification Program; NSF; US NSF FX We express appreciation to the National Research Council, the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory and the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program for financial support of N.B. Shiptime was supported by NSF. We thank R.A. Feely for discussions, in sights, and assistance throughout these analyses, and for comments on the manuscript. We thank all participants in CCE-LTER P1208 for their cooperation and assistance at sea. David Jensen provided expert programming, Linsey Sala provided assistance in the SIO Pelagic Invertebrates Collection, Mati Kahru processed satellite imagery, and Carl Mattson and Alain de Verneil led the SeaSoar Survey. Thanks are also extended to Michael Landry for his role as Chief Scientist. A contribution from the California Current Ecosystem Long Term Ecological Research site, supported by the US NSF. PMEL contribution no. 4166. NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 38 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD MAR 16 PY 2015 VL 523 BP 93 EP 103 DI 10.3354/meps11199 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CD9XC UT WOS:000351452700008 ER PT J AU Smith, L Gamble, R Gaichas, S Link, J AF Smith, Laurel Gamble, Robert Gaichas, Sarah Link, Jason TI Simulations to evaluate management trade-offs among marine mammal consumption needs, commercial fishing fleets and finfish biomass SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Multi-species modelling; Trade-off evaluation; Reference points; Competing fishing fleets; Protected species requirements; Ecosystem-based fisheries management ID SURPLUS PRODUCTION MODELS; US CONTINENTAL-SHELF; COD GADUS-MORHUA; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC ECOSYSTEMS; SEAL HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; ST-LAWRENCE; SOUTHERN GULF; MULTISPECIES FISHERIES; PREDATION MORTALITY; REFERENCE POINTS AB In setting fisheries management quotas, fish interactions with marine mammals are seldom considered. Even less often considered are indirect effects from fishing and species interactions or potential changes to ecosystem structure as marine mammal populations rebuild. To explore these interactions, we used a multi-species production model to evaluate the interactions between mixed fleet fisheries, their target species, and marine mammals, in an ecosystem representative of the Northeast USA continental shelf. We simulated changes to biomass and catch trajectories and compared these to the associated biological reference points for commercially important finfish and the current biomass levels of marine mammals. Marine mammal populations increased over time in our simulations (even with varying degrees of dependence on commercial species as prey) except when direct human-induced mortality was set much higher than observed. Greatly increased fishing mortality can reduce the rate of population increase for marine mammals, slowing recovery for some populations. This is due to the combination of reduced prey and increased interactions with fishing vessels (bycatch or vessel strikes) as fishing effort increases. Our model suggests that managing human-induced direct mortality of marine mammals is the most important factor for the recovery of their populations, but fishery management plays an important role in avoiding the additional stress of reduced prey populations. Marine mammal predation can also affect trajectories and reference points for commercially fished species. These types of evaluations of direct human-induced mortalities as well as trade-offs between mixed fishery fleets and protected species requirements are essential for the transition to ecosystem-based fisheries management. C1 [Smith, Laurel; Gamble, Robert; Gaichas, Sarah; Link, Jason] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Smith, L (reprint author), NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM laurel.smith@noaa.gov NR 112 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 30 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD MAR 16 PY 2015 VL 523 BP 215 EP 232 DI 10.3354/meps11129 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CD9XC UT WOS:000351452700017 ER PT J AU Wise, SA Sander, LC Schantz, MM AF Wise, Stephen A. Sander, Lane C. Schantz, Michele M. TI Analytical Methods for Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) - A Historical Perspective on the 16 US EPA Priority Pollutant PAHs SO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE certified reference materials (CRMs); chromatographic selectivity; extraction; gas chromatography (GC); liquid chromatography (LC); polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); standard reference materials (SRMs) ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; 2-DIMENSIONAL GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; GC X GC; RESOLVED SHPOLSKII SPECTROSCOPY; POLYSILOXANE STATIONARY PHASES; DIESEL PARTICULATE MATTER; REFERENCE MATERIALS SRMS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT 302 AB The identification of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as priority pollutants by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1976 has been a primary driver for analytical methods development for the determination of PAHs. In this article, the historical development of methods in liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) to separate these 16 PAHs is discussed. In LC a significant effort was the search for and the fundamental understanding of the unique stationary phase capable of achieving the desired separation of the 16 EPA PAHs. For GC methods, the focus on stationary phase development has been the separation of critical isomers with a broader scope than the 16 EPA PAHs. The current routine LC and GC methods for the 16 EPA PAHs are well established; however, new advances in analytical techniques beyond LC and GC are discussed. Many analysts are now interested in more than just the 16 EPA PAHs (e.g., higher molecular mass PAHs and alkyl-substituted PAHs) and analytical methods have emerged to address these needs. Reference materials and their use in the determination of PAHs are discussed. C1 [Wise, Stephen A.; Sander, Lane C.; Schantz, Michele M.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wise, SA (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.wise@nist.gov NR 156 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1040-6638 EI 1563-5333 J9 POLYCYCL AROMAT COMP JI Polycycl. Aromat. Compd. PD MAR 15 PY 2015 VL 35 IS 2-4 SI SI BP 187 EP 247 DI 10.1080/10406638.2014.970291 PG 61 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA CN0WT UT WOS:000358135400005 ER PT J AU Son, S Wang, MH AF Son, SeungHyun Wang, Menghua TI Diffuse attenuation coefficient of the photosynthetically available radiation K-d(PAR) for global open ocean and coastal waters SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Diffuse attenuation coefficient; Photosynthetic available radiation; K-d(PAR); K-d(490); Ocean color remote sensing; MODIS; VIIRS ID TURBID BLACK-SEA; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; LEAVING RADIANCE; COLOR PRODUCTS; SATELLITE DATA; MULTISENSOR APPROACH; CORRECTION ALGORITHM; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CIRCULATION MODEL AB Satellite-based observations of the diffuse attenuation coefficient for the downwelling spectral irradiance at the wavelength of 490 nm, K-d(490) and the diffuse attenuation coefficient for the downwelling photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), K-d(PAR) in the ocean can play important roles for ocean-atmospheric circulation, biogeochemical, and ecosystem models. Since existing K-d(PAR) models for the satellite ocean color data have wide regional variations, we need to improve the K-d(PAR) algorithm for global ocean applications. In this study, we propose a new blended K-d(PAR) model for both open oceans and turbid coastal waters. The new method has been assessed using in situ optical measurements from the NASA Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) Bio-Optical Archive and Storage System (SeaBASS) database. Next, the new method is applied to the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) to derive Kd(PAR) products, and is compared with in situ measureinents. Results show that there are significant improvements in model-derived K-d(PAR) values using the new approach compared to those from some existing K-d(PAR) algorithms. In addition, matchup comparisons between MODIS-derived and in situ-measured K-d(PAR) data for the global ocean show a good agreement with mean and median ratios of 1.109 and 1.035, respectively. Synoptic maps of MODIS- and VIIRS-derived Kd(PAR) data generated using the new method provide very similar and consistent spatial patterns in the U.S. East Coast region, although there are some slight differences between two satellite-derived K-d(PAR) images (similar to 1-5% higher in VIIRS K-d(PAR) compared with those from MODIS-Aqua in the shallow water region), which are possibly due to differences in spectral bands and sensor performance (e.g., calibrations). Monthly maps of VIIRS-derived K-d(PAR) data for the global ocean are also generated using the new Kd(PAR) model, and provide spatial and temporal K-d(PAR) distributions that show consistent results with those from previous studies. Thus, results show that satellite-derived K-d(PAR) data using the new K-d(PAR) model, e.g., from MODIS and VIIRS, can provide more accurate K-d(PAR) data to science communities, in particular, as an important input for ocean-atmospheric circulation, biogeochemical, and ecosystem models. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Son, SeungHyun; Wang, Menghua] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Son, SeungHyun] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E-RA3,5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 FU Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS); NOM Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) Program FX This work was supported by the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) and NOM Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) Program funding. The authors are grateful to all of the scientists and investigators who have contributed valuable in situ data to SeaBASS database and the Chesapeake Bay Program Office Database, and we thank the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group for maintaining and distributing the SeaBASS database. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 70 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2015 VL 159 BP 250 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2014.12.011 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CF7PO UT WOS:000352749000019 ER PT J AU Zibordi, G Melin, F Voss, KJ Johnson, BC Franz, BA Kwiatkowska, E Huot, JP Wang, MH Antoine, D AF Zibordi, Giuseppe Melin, Frederic Voss, Kenneth J. Johnson, B. Carol Franz, Bryan A. Kwiatkowska, Ewa Huot, Jean-Paul Wang, Menghua Antoine, David TI System vicarious calibration for ocean color climate change applications: Requirements for in situ data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ocean color; System Vicarious Calibration; Climate Data Record ID ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; COASTAL SITES; AERONET-OC; VALIDATION; SENSORS; PRODUCTS; SEAWIFS; MODIS; IRRADIANCE; RADIANCES AB System Vicarious Calibration (SVC) ensures a relative radiometric calibration to satellite ocean color sensors that minimizes uncertainties in the water-leaving radiance L-w derived from the top of atmosphere radiance L-T. This is achieved through the application of gain-factors, g-factors, to pre-launch absolute radiometric calibration coefficients of the satellite sensor corrected for temporal changes in radiometric sensitivity. The g-factors are determined by the ratio of simulated to measured spectral L-T values where the former are computed using: i. highly accurate in situ Lw reference measurements; and ii. the same atmospheric models and algorithms applied for the atmospheric correction of satellite data. By analyzing basic relations between relative uncertainties of L-w and L-T, and g-factors consistently determined for the same satellite mission using different in situ data sources, this work suggests that the creation of ocean color Climate Data Records (CDRs) should ideally rely on: i. one main long-term in situ calibration system (site and radiometry) established and sustained with the objective to maximize accuracy and precision over time of g-factors and thus minimize possible biases among satellite data products from different missions; and additionally ii. unique (i.e., standardized) atmospheric model and algorithms for atmospheric correction to maximize cross-mission consistency of data products at locations different from that supporting SVC Finally, accounting for results from the study and elements already provided in literature, requirements and recommendations for SVC sites and field radiometric measurements are streamlined. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. C1 [Zibordi, Giuseppe; Melin, Frederic] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy. [Voss, Kenneth J.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Johnson, B. Carol] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Franz, Bryan A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kwiatkowska, Ewa] EUMETSAT, Remote Sensing & Prod Div, Darmstadt, Germany. [Huot, Jean-Paul] European Space Agcy, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Wang, Menghua] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Antoine, David] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, UMR 7093, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Antoine, David] Curtin Univ, Dept Imaging & Appl Phys, Remote Sensing & Satellite Res Grp, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. RP Zibordi, G (reprint author), European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy. EM giuseppe.zibordi@jrc.ec.europa.eu RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Antoine, David/C-3817-2013 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; Antoine, David/0000-0002-9082-2395 NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2015 VL 159 BP 361 EP 369 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2014.12.015 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CF7PO UT WOS:000352749000027 ER PT J AU Barani, A Chai, H Lawn, BR Bush, MB AF Barani, Amir Chai, Herzl Lawn, Brian R. Bush, Mark B. TI Mechanics analysis of molar tooth splitting SO ACTA BIOMATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Tooth splitting; Molar cusps; Bite force; Fracture mechanics modeling ID ENAMEL FRACTURE; STRESS-ANALYSIS; CANINE TEETH; STRENGTH; VALIDATION; MANAGEMENT; RESISTANCE; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR; FAILURE AB A model for the splitting of teeth from wedge loading of molar cusps from a round indenting object is presented. The model is developed in two parts: first, a simple 2D fracture mechanics configuration with the wedged tooth simulated by a compact tension specimen; second, a full 3D numerical analysis using extended finite element modeling (XFEM) with an embedded crack. The result is an explicit equation for splitting load in terms of indenter radius and key tooth dimensions. Fracture experiments on extracted human molars loaded axially with metal spheres are used to quantify the splitting forces and thence to validate the model. The XFEM calculations enable the complex crack propagation, initially in the enamel coat and subsequently in the interior dentin, to be followed incrementally with increasing load. The fracture evolution is shown to be stable prior to failure, so that dentin toughness, not strength, is the controlling material parameter. Critical conditions under which tooth splitting in biological and dental settings are likely to be met, however rare, are considered. (C) 2015 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Barani, Amir; Lawn, Brian R.; Bush, Mark B.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech & Chem Engn, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Chai, Herzl] Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, Sch Mech Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Lawn, Brian R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Barani, A (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech & Chem Engn, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM barani.amir@gmail.com FU Australian Research Council [DP150104043]; Israeli Science Foundation (ISF) [810/09]; U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (via Dakota Consulting) FX This work was supported in part by the Australian Research Council (DP150104043), the Israeli Science Foundation (ISF Grant 810/09) and the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (via Dakota Consulting). Useful discussions with Paul Constantino are gratefully acknowledged. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-7061 EI 1878-7568 J9 ACTA BIOMATER JI Acta Biomater. PD MAR 15 PY 2015 VL 15 BP 237 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.01.004 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA CC7AT UT WOS:000350520800023 PM 25584989 ER PT J AU Kruk, MC Lorrey, AM Griffiths, GM Lander, M Gibney, EJ Diamond, HJ Marra, JJ AF Kruk, Michael C. Lorrey, Andrew M. Griffiths, Georgina M. Lander, Mark Gibney, Ethan J. Diamond, Howard J. Marra, John J. TI On the state of the knowledge of rainfall extremes in the western and northern Pacific basin SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Review DE extremes; precipitation; trends; Pacific Islands; ETCCDI; SPCZ; ITCZ; PSCP ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; SOUTH-PACIFIC; CONVERGENCE ZONE; PRECIPITATION EVENTS; UNITED-STATES; HEAVY PRECIPITATION; MONITORING CHANGES; DAILY TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE EXTREMES; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS AB The relevant literature on extreme rainfall events in the Pacific remains relatively sparse compared to other regions (e.g. the coterminous United States, Europe, etc.). Moreover, several recent reports on climate in the Pacific mention the paucity of extremes information and often list trends in historical climate' as a necessary next step. This scientific assessment meets this need by examining historical trends in and drivers of extreme rainfall events across the entire Pacific Basin, inclusive from Alaska southward to Australia, and longitudinally from the Philippines eastward to North America, with an emphasis on island and coastal locations (within 200km of the coastline). There is evidence of a general decrease in the frequency of annual extreme rainfall events, yet the amount of extreme precipitation contributing to annual and seasonal totals appears to be on the rise. Region-wide, the number of consecutive dry days is increasing for those locations that are already dry, while the number of consecutive wet days is increasing for the already wet locales. The data for extreme rainfall statistics are considered to be relatively high quality for trend detection, while the level of understanding of the physical causes behind extreme rainfall is positively high. Since the ability to analyze the changes in historical rainfall extremes with some confidence is relatively recent, understanding is expected to improve in the future with the advancement of new datasets and climate reanalysis' projects. C1 [Kruk, Michael C.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, ERT Inc, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Lorrey, Andrew M.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Natl Climate Ctr, Auckland, New Zealand. [Griffiths, Georgina M.] New Zealand MetServ Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand. [Lander, Mark] Univ Guam, Water & Environm Res Inst, Mangilao, GU USA. [Gibney, Ethan J.] Baldwin Grp, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Diamond, Howard J.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Marra, John J.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Kruk, MC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, ERT Inc, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM michael.kruk@noaa.gov NR 68 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD MAR 15 PY 2015 VL 35 IS 3 BP 321 EP 336 DI 10.1002/joc.3990 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CC8TU UT WOS:000350642000001 ER PT J AU Bukovcic, P Zrnic, D Zhang, GF AF Bukovcic, Petar Zrnic, Dusan Zhang, Guifu TI Convective-stratiform separation using video disdrometer observations in central Oklahoma - the Bayesian approach SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Convection; Stratiform; Precipitation microphysics; Classification ID SIZE DISTRIBUTION PARAMETERS; DUAL-POLARIZED RADAR; DROP SIZE; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; RAINDROP SPECTRA; DISTRIBUTION RETRIEVAL; DISTRIBUTIONS; MICROPHYSICS; CLASSIFICATION; PRECIPITATION AB Application of 2-Dimensional Video Disdrometer (2DVD) data, collected in central Oldahoma, to the problem of convective-stratiform rain separation is presented. The partition into convective (CO) and stratiform (ST) periods is achieved by applying a multi-variable Bayesian classification algorithm to the 2DVD dataset It turns out that the CO-ST separation methods developed for measurements with one type of disdrometer may not work optimally on measurements with a different type of disdrometer. Similarly, single/dual parameter, or simple threshold separation methods may not be able to adequately separate CO and ST rain types. The corresponding shape-slope (mu-Lambda) relations of the constrained gamma distribution are derived for these two rain classes. These constrained gamma relations are then used for rain drop size distribution (DSD) retrievals, and the results are compared with those obtained from the exponential distribution and the unified mu-Lambda constraint previously proposed. It is demonstrated that the results based on the convective-stratiform separation yield more accurate DSD retrievals with respect to the exponential distribution and moderate improvements in comparison to unified mu-Lambda constraint. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bukovcic, Petar; Zhang, Guifu] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Bukovcic, Petar; Zhang, Guifu] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Bukovcic, Petar] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Bukovcic, Petar; Zrnic, Dusan] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Bukovcic, P (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM petar.bukovcic@ou.edu RI Zhang, Guifu/M-3178-2014 OI Zhang, Guifu/0000-0002-0261-2815 FU NOAA/the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce; NSF [AGS-1046171] FX This work was supported by NOAA/the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, by the U.S. Department of Commerce, and by NSF grant AGS-1046171. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD MAR 15 PY 2015 VL 155 BP 176 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.12.002 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CB4HJ UT WOS:000349588500013 ER PT J AU Abazajian, KN Arnold, K Austermann, J Benson, BA Bischoff, C Bock, J Bond, JR Borrill, J Calabrese, E Carlstrom, JE Carvalho, CS Chang, CL Chiang, HC Church, S Cooray, A 'Crawford, TM Dawson, KS Das, S Devlin, MJ Dobbs, M Dodelson, S Dore, O Dunkley, J Errard, J Fraisse, A Gallicchio, J Halverson, NW Hanany, S Hildebrandt, SR Hincks, A Hlozek, R Holder, G Holzapfel, WL Honscheid, K Hu, W Hubmayr, J Irwin, K Jones, WC Kamionkowski, M Keating, B Keisler, R Knox, L Komatsu, E Kovac, J Kuo, CL Lawrence, C Lee, AT Leitch, E Linder, E Lubin, P McMahon, J Miller, A Newburgh, L Niemack, MD Nguyen, H Nguyen, HT Page, L Pryke, C Reichardt, CL Ruhl, JE Sehgal, N Seljak, U Sievers, J Silverstein, E Slosar, A Smith, KM Spergel, D Staggs, ST Stark, A Stompor, R Vieregg, AG Wang, G Watson, S Wollack, EJ Wu, WLK Yoon, KW Zahn, O AF Abazajian, K. N. Arnold, K. Austermann, J. Benson, B. A. Bischoff, C. Bock, J. Bond, J. R. Borrill, J. Calabrese, E. Carlstrom, J. E. Carvalho, C. S. Chang, C. L. Chiang, H. C. Church, S. Cooray, A. 'Crawford, T. M. Dawson, K. S. Das, S. Devlin, M. J. Dobbs, M. Dodelson, S. Dore, O. Dunkley, J. Errard, J. Fraisse, A. Gallicchio, J. Halverson, N. W. Hanany, S. Hildebrandt, S. R. Hincks, A. Hlozek, R. Holder, G. Holzapfel, W. L. Honscheid, K. Hu, W. Hubmayr, J. Irwin, K. Jones, W. C. Kamionkowski, M. Keating, B. Keisler, R. Knox, L. Komatsu, E. Kovac, J. Kuo, C. -L. Lawrence, C. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. Linder, E. Lubin, P. McMahon, J. Miller, A. Newburgh, L. Niemack, M. D. Nguyen, H. Nguyen, H. T. Page, L. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. L. Ruhl, J. E. Sehgal, N. Seljak, U. Sievers, J. Silverstein, E. Slosar, A. Smith, K. M. Spergel, D. Staggs, S. T. Stark, A. Stompor, R. Vieregg, A. G. Wang, G. Watson, S. Wollack, E. J. Wu, W. L. K. Yoon, K. W. Zahn, O. TI Neutrino physics from the cosmic microwave background and large scale structure SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Neutrinos; Cosmology; Cosmic microwave background; Large scale structure ID OSCILLATION SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; POWER-SPECTRUM; SDSS-III; COSMOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS; WEIGHING NEUTRINOS; GALAXIES; TELESCOPE; SYSTEMATICS; MATTER AB This is a report on the status and prospects of the quantification of neutrino properties through the cosmological neutrino background for the Cosmic Frontier of the Division of Particles and Fields Community Summer Study long-term planning exercise. Experiments planned and underway are prepared to study the cosmological neutrino background in detail via its influence on distance-redshift relations and the growth of structure. The program for the next decade described in this document, including upcoming spectroscopic galaxy surveys eBOSS and DESI and a new Stage-IV CMB polarization experiment CMB-S4, will achieve sigma(sigma m(v)) = 16 meV and sigma(N-eff)= 0.020. Such a mass measurement will produce a high significance detection of non-zero sigma m(v), whose lower bound derived from atmospheric and solar neutrino oscillation data is about 58 meV. If neutrinos have a minimal normal mass hierarchy, this measurement will definitively rule out the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy, shedding light on one of the most puzzling aspects of the Standard Model of particle physics - the origin of mass. This precise a measurement of N-eff will allow for high sensitivity to any light and dark degrees of freedom produced in the big bang and a precision test of the standard cosmological model prediction that N-eff = 3.046. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Abazajian, K. N.; Cooray, A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Arnold, K.; Keating, B.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Austermann, J.; Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Carlstrom, J. E.; 'Crawford, T. M.; Gallicchio, J.; Hu, W.; Keisler, R.; Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bischoff, C.; Kovac, J.; Stark, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bock, J.; Hildebrandt, S. R.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bond, J. R.; Sievers, J.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Borrill, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Cosmol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Calabrese, E.; Dunkley, J.] Univ Oxford, Subdept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Carvalho, C. S.] Univ Lisbon, Ctr Astron & Astrofis, P-1349018 Lisbon, Portugal. [Chiang, H. C.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4000 Durban, South Africa. [Church, S.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Dawson, K. S.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Das, S.; Wang, G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Dept High Energy Phys, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Devlin, M. J.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Dobbs, M.; Holder, G.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Dodelson, S.; Nguyen, H.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermilab Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Dore, O.; Lawrence, C.; Nguyen, H. T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Errard, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fraisse, A.; Jones, W. C.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hanany, S.; Pryke, C.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Hincks, A.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Hlozek, R.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Holzapfel, W. L.; Lee, A. T.; Zahn, O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Honscheid, K.; Reichardt, C. L.; Seljak, U.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hubmayr, J.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Irwin, K.; Kuo, C. -L.; Silverstein, E.; Wu, W. L. K.; Yoon, K. W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kamionkowski, M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Knox, L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Komatsu, E.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Leitch, E.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Linder, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lubin, P.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [McMahon, J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Miller, A.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Newburgh, L.; Page, L.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Niemack, M. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ruhl, J. E.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Educ & Res Cosmol & Astrophys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Sehgal, N.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Slosar, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11375 USA. [Smith, K. M.] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada. [Spergel, D.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Stompor, R.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Irfu, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,CNRS IN2P3, F-75205 Paris, France. [Watson, S.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Wollack, E. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Abazajian, KN (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM kevork@uci.edu; arnold@ucsd.edu; jason.austermann@colorado.edu; bbenson@kicp.uchicago.edu; cbischoff@cfa.harvard.edu; jjb@astro.caltech.edu; bond@cita.utoronto.edu; jdborrill@lbl.gov; erminia.calabrese@astro.ox.ac.uk; jc@kicp.uchicago.edu; cscarvalho@oal.ul.pt; clchang@kicp.uchicago.edu; cynthia@physicschick.com; schurch@stanford.edu; acooray@uci.edu; tcrawfor@kicp.uchicago.edu; kdawson@astro.utah.edu; sudeepphys@gmail.com; devlin@physics.upenn.edu; Matt.Dobbs@McGill.ca; dodelson@fnal.gov; Olivier.P.Dore@jpl.nasa.gov; j.dunkley@physics.ox.ac.uk; josquin.errard@gmail.com; afraisse@princeton.edu; gallicchio@uchicago.edu; Nils.Halverson@colorado.edu; hanany@physics.umn.edu; srh@caltech.edu; ahincks@phas.ubc.ca; rhlozek@princeton.edu; gil.holder@gmail.com; swlh@cosmology.berkeley.edu; kh@physics.osu.edu; whu@kicp.uchicago.edu; hubmayr@nist.gov; kent.irwin@nist.gov; wcjones@princeton.edu; kamion@phajhu.edu; bkeating@ucsd.edu; rkeisler@gmail.com; Ilmox@ucdavis.edu; komatsu@MPA-Garching.MPG.DE; jmkovac@cfa.harvard.edu; clkuo@stanford.edu; charles.r.lawrence@jpl.nasa.gov; adrian.lee@berkeley.edu; eml@astro.caltech.edu; evlinder@lbl.gov; lubin@cfi.deepspace.ucsb.edu; jeffmcm@umich.edu; amber@phys.columbia.edu; newburgh@princeton.edu; niemack@cornell.edu; hogann@fnal.gov; hien.t.nguyen@jpl.nasa.gov; page@princeton.edu; pryke@physics.umn.edu; cr@berkeley.edu; ruhl@case.edu; neelima.sehgal@stonybrook.edu; useljak@berkeley.edu; sievers@cita.utoronto.ca; evas@stanford.edu; anze@bnl.gov; kmsmith@perimeterinstitute.ca; dns@astro.princeton.edu; staggs@princeton.edu; aas@cfa.harvard.edu; radek@apc.univ-paris-diderot.fr; avieregg@kicp.uchicago.edu; gwang@anl.gov; gswatson@syr.edu; edward.j.wollack@nasa.gov; wIwu@stanford.edu; kiwon@stanford.edu; zahn@berkeley.edu RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Reichardt, Christian/0000-0003-2226-9169; Stark, Antony/0000-0002-2718-9996; Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Kamionkowski, Marc/0000-0001-7018-2055; Sievers, Jonathan/0000-0001-6903-5074; Carvalho, C. Sofia/0000-0002-7241-9797 NR 99 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 7 U2 87 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 EI 1873-2852 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2015 VL 63 SI SI BP 66 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2014.05.014 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA AT3GR UT WOS:000344824400006 ER PT J AU Ceylan, A Rumaiz, AK Caliskan, D Ozcan, S Ozbay, E Woicik, JC AF Ceylan, Abdullah Rumaiz, Abdul K. Caliskan, Deniz Ozcan, Sadan Ozbay, Ekmel Woicik, J. C. TI Effects of rapid thermal annealing on the structural and local atomic properties of ZnO: Ge nanocomposite thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DETAILED BALANCE LIMIT; SOLAR-CELLS; EFFICIENCY; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS; ABSORPTION; SILICON; EDGE AB We have investigated the structural and local atomic properties of Ge nanocrystals (Ge-ncs) embedded ZnO (ZnO: Ge) thin films. The films were deposited by sequential sputtering of ZnO and Ge thin film layers on z-cut quartz substrates followed by an ex-situ rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at 600 degrees C for 30, 60, and 90 s under forming gas atmosphere. Effects of RTA time on the evolution of Ge-ncs were investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES), and extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). XRD patterns have clearly shown that fcc diamond phase Ge-ncs of sizes ranging between 18 and 27 nm are formed upon RTA and no Ge-oxide peak has been detected. However, cross-section SEM images have clearly revealed that after RTA process, Ge layers form varying size nanoclusters composed of Ge-ncs regions. EXAFS performed at the Ge K-edge to probe the local atomic structure of the Ge-ncs has revealed that as prepared ZnO: Ge possesses Ge-oxide but subsequent RTA leads to crystalline Ge structure without the oxide layer. In order to study the occupied electronic structure, HAXPES has been utilized. The peak separation between the Zn 2p and Ge 3d shows no significant change due to RTA. This implies little change in the valence band offset due to RTA. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Ceylan, Abdullah; Ozcan, Sadan] Hacettepe Univ, Dept Engn Phys, SNTG Lab, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. [Rumaiz, Abdul K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Caliskan, Deniz; Ozbay, Ekmel] Bilkent Univ, Nanotechnol Res Ctr, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. [Ozbay, Ekmel] Bilkent Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. [Ozbay, Ekmel] Bilkent Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. [Woicik, J. C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ceylan, A (reprint author), Hacettepe Univ, Dept Engn Phys, SNTG Lab, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. EM aceylanabd@yahoo.com FU Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [109T722]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) with the Grant No. 109T722. The work was performed in National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 14 PY 2015 VL 117 IS 10 AR 105303 DI 10.1063/1.4914522 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CD9UB UT WOS:000351442900059 ER PT J AU Jin, W Liu, Q Dougherty, DB Cullen, WG Reutt-Robey, JE Weeks, J Robey, SW AF Jin, W. Liu, Q. Dougherty, D. B. Cullen, W. G. Reutt-Robey, J. E. Weeks, J. Robey, S. W. TI C-60 chain phases on ZnPc/Ag(111) surfaces: Supramolecular organization driven by competing interactions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; LIQUID-CRYSTAL PHASES; NETWORK FORMATION; METAL-SURFACES; MONOLAYER; AU(111); AG(111); SYSTEMS; MOLECULES; SPHERES AB Serpentine chain C-60 phases were observed in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of C-60 layers on zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) or pentacene covered Ag(111) and Au(111) surfaces. This low-density, quasi-one-dimensional organization contrasts starkly with the close-packed hexagonal phases observed for C-60 layers on bare metal substrates. STM was employed to perform a detailed investigation of these chain structures for C-60/ZnPc/Ag(111) heterolayers. Motivated by the similarity of these chain phases, and the chain and stripe organization occurring in dipole-fluid systems, we investigated a model based on competing van der Waals attractions and electrostatic repulsions between C-60 molecules as an explanation for the driving force behind these monolayer phases. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed significant charge transfer to C-60 from the Ag(111) substrate, through the intervening ZnPc layer, inducing electrostatic interactions between C-60 molecules. Molecular dynamics simulations performed with attractive van derWaals interactions plus repulsive dipole-dipole interactions reproduced the C-60 chain phases with dipole magnitudes consistent with DFT calculations. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Jin, W.; Reutt-Robey, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, Q.; Weeks, J.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dougherty, D. B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Cullen, W. G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Robey, S. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RP Jin, W (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Reutt-Robey, Janice /C-3517-2009 OI Reutt-Robey, Janice /0000-0002-9309-7854 FU NSF MNS [CHE1310380] FX This work has been supported in part by the NSF MNS under Grant No. CHE1310380. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 44 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 14 PY 2015 VL 142 IS 10 AR 101910 DI 10.1063/1.4906044 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CD3KT UT WOS:000350978000011 PM 25770499 ER PT J AU Wyrick, J Einstein, TL Bartels, L AF Wyrick, Jonathan Einstein, T. L. Bartels, Ludwig TI Chemical insight from density functional modeling of molecular adsorption: Tracking the bonding and diffusion of anthracene derivatives on Cu(111) with molecular orbitals SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; METAL-SURFACE; BASIS-SET; DYNAMICS; STM; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; CHEMISTRY; ATOMS AB We present a method of analyzing the results of density functional modeling of molecular adsorption in terms of an analogue of molecular orbitals. This approach permits intuitive chemical insight into the adsorption process. Applied to a set of anthracene derivates (anthracene, 9,10-anthraquinone, 9,10-dithioanthracene, and 9,10-diselenonanthracene), we follow the electronic states of the molecules that are involved in the bonding process and correlate them to both the molecular adsorption geometry and the species' diffusive behavior. We additionally provide computational code to easily repeat this analysis on any system. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Wyrick, Jonathan; Bartels, Ludwig] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Einstein, T. L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Einstein, T. L.] Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wyrick, J (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ludwig.bartels@ucr.edu RI Bartels, Ludwig/C-2764-2008; OI Einstein, Theodore L./0000-0001-6031-4923 FU DOE [DE-FG02-07ER15842, DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF [CHE 1306969, CHE 13-05892] FX We gratefully acknowledge support by DOE DE-FG02-07ER15842, as well as joint NSF Grant Nos. CHE 1306969 (L.B.) and CHE 13-05892 (T.L.E.). This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by DOE DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 14 PY 2015 VL 142 IS 10 AR 101907 DI 10.1063/1.4906048 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CD3KT UT WOS:000350978000008 PM 25770496 ER PT J AU Idziaszek, Z Jachymski, K Julienne, PS AF Idziaszek, Zbigniew Jachymski, Krzysztof Julienne, Paul S. TI Reactive collisions in confined geometries SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cold collisions; chemical reactions; reduced dimensions ID POLAR-MOLECULES; WAVE-GUIDES; ULTRACOLD; GASES AB We consider low energy threshold reactive collisions of particles interacting via a van der Waals potential at long range in the presence of external confinement and give analytic formulas for the confinement modified scattering in such circumstances. The reaction process is described in terms of the short range reaction probability. Quantum defect theory is used to express elastic and inelastic or reaction collision rates analytically in terms of two dimensionless parameters representing phase and reactivity. We discuss the modifications to Wigner threshold laws for quasi-one-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional geometries. Confinement-induced resonances are suppressed due to reactions and are completely absent in the universal limit where the short-range loss probability approaches unity. C1 [Idziaszek, Zbigniew; Jachymski, Krzysztof] Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland. [Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Idziaszek, Z (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, Pasteura 5, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland. EM Krzysztof.Jachymski@fuw.edu.pl OI Jachymski, Krzysztof/0000-0002-9080-0989; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU Foundation for Polish Science International PhD Project; National Center for Science Grant [DEC-2011/01/B/ST2/02030, DEC-2013/09/N/ST2/02188]; AFOSR MURI [FA9550-09-1-0617]; EU European Regional Development Fund FX This work was supported by the Foundation for Polish Science International PhD Project co-financed by the EU European Regional Development Fund, by National Center for Science Grant Nos. DEC-2011/01/B/ST2/02030 and DEC-2013/09/N/ST2/02188, and by an AFOSR MURI FA9550-09-1-0617. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD MAR 12 PY 2015 VL 17 AR 035007 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/17/3/035007 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CF9QQ UT WOS:000352901100001 ER PT J AU Mansfield, E Sowards, JW Crookes-Goodson, WJ AF Mansfield, Elisabeth Sowards, Jeffrey W. Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J. TI Findings and Recommendations from the NIST Workshop on Alternative Fuels and Materials: Biocorrosion SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alternative fuels; bacterial; biofilm; biosusceptibility; corrosion; microbial AB In 2013, the Applied Chemicals and Materials Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) hosted a workshop to identify and prioritize research needs in the area of biocorrosion. Materials used to store and distribute alternative fuels have experienced an increase in corrosion due to the unique conditions caused by the presence of microbes and the chemistry of biofuels and biofuel precursors. Participants in this workshop, including experts from the microbiological, fuel, and materials communities, delved into the unique materials and chemical challenges that occur with production, transport, and storage of alternative fuels. Discussions focused on specific problems including: a) the changing composition of "drop-in" fuels and the impact of that composition on materials; b) the influence of microbial populations on corrosion and fuel quality; and c) state-of-the-art measurement technologies for monitoring material degradation and biofilm formation. C1 [Mansfield, Elisabeth; Sowards, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Soft Matter Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mansfield, E (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM elisabeth.mansfield@nist.gov; jeffrey.sowards@nist.gov; Wendy.goodson.1@us.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR 11 PY 2015 VL 120 DI 10.6028/jres.120.003 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CN8VX UT WOS:000358724800001 PM 26958436 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, BE Bergeron, DE Cessna, JT Fitzgerald, R Pibida, L AF Zimmerman, B. E. Bergeron, D. E. Cessna, J. T. Fitzgerald, R. Pibida, L. TI Revision of the NIST Standard for Ra-223: New Measurements and Review of 2008 Data SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE anticoincidence counting; ionization chambers; liquid scintillation spectrometry; radium-223; standards; traceability ID IONIZATION-CHAMBER AB After discovering a discrepancy in the transfer standard currently being disseminated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), we have performed a new primary standardization of the alpha-emitter Ra-223 using Live-timed Anticoincidence Counting (LTAC) and the Triple-to-Double Coincidence Ratio Method (TDCR). Additional confirmatory measurements were made with the CIEMAT-NIST efficiency tracing method (CNET) of liquid scintillation counting, integral gamma-ray counting using a NaI(Tl) well counter, and several High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors in an attempt to understand the origin of the discrepancy and to provide a correction. The results indicate that a -9.5 % difference exists between activity values obtained using the former transfer standard relative to the new primary standardization. During one of the experiments, a 2 % difference in activity was observed between dilutions of the Ra-223 master solution prepared using the composition used in the original standardization and those prepared using 1 mol.L-1 HCl. This effect appeared to be dependent on the number of dilutions or the total dilution factor to the master solution, but the magnitude was not reproducible. A new calibration factor ("K-value") has been determined for the NIST Secondary Standard Ionization Chamber (IC "A"), thereby correcting the discrepancy between the primary and secondary standards. C1 [Zimmerman, B. E.; Bergeron, D. E.; Cessna, J. T.; Fitzgerald, R.; Pibida, L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zimmerman, BE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.zimmerman@nist.gov; denis.bergeron@nist.gov; jeffrey.cessna@nist.gov; ryan.fitzgerald@nist.gov; leticia.pibida@nist.gov RI Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR 11 PY 2015 VL 120 DI 10.6028/jres.120.004 PG 21 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CN8VX UT WOS:000358724800002 PM 26958437 ER PT J AU Xu, MH Holland, MJ AF Xu, Minghui Holland, M. J. TI Conditional Ramsey Spectroscopy with Synchronized Atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL LATTICE CLOCK; TRAPPED IONS; ENTANGLEMENT; STATES; METROLOGY; KURAMOTO; LIMIT AB We investigate Ramsey spectroscopy performed on a synchronized ensemble of two-level atoms. The synchronization is induced by the collective coupling of the atoms to a heavily damped mode of an optical cavity. We show that, in principle, with this synchronized system it is possible to observe Ramsey fringes indefinitely, even in the presence of spontaneous emission and other sources of individual-atom dephasing. This could have important consequences for atomic clocks and a wide range of precision metrology applications. C1 [Xu, Minghui] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Xu, MH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Xu, Minghui/D-4701-2017 FU DARPA QuASAR program; NSF [1125844, 1404263] FX We acknowledge helpful discussions with J. Cooper, D. Meiser, B. Zhu, D. A. Tieri, C. Genes, J. G. Restrepo, A. M. Rey, J. K. Thompson, and J. Ye. This work has been supported by the DARPA QuASAR program and the NSF under Grants No. 1125844 and No. 1404263. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 11 PY 2015 VL 114 IS 10 AR 103601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.103601 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CD3GQ UT WOS:000350966800006 PM 25815931 ER PT J AU Roytburd, AL Boyerinas, BM Bruck, HA AF Roytburd, Alexander L. Boyerinas, Brad M. Bruck, Hugh A. TI Reversible metal-hydride phase transformation in epitaxial films SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE hysteresis; metal-hydride; epitaxy; nanostructure ID PALLADIUM-HYDROGEN ALLOYS; CRYSTALS AB Metal-hydride phase transformations in solids commonly proceed with hysteresis. The extrinsic component of hysteresis is the result of the dissipation of energy of internal stress due to plastic deformation and fracture. It can be mitigated on the nanoscale, where plastic deformation and fracture are suppressed and the transformation proceeds through formation and evolution of coherent phases. However, the phase coherency introduces intrinsic thermodynamic hysteresis, preventing reversible transformation. In this paper, it is shown that thermodynamic hysteresis of coherent metal-hydride transformation can be eliminated in epitaxial film due to substrate constraint. Film-substrate interaction leads to formation of heterophase polydomain nanostructure with variable phase fraction which can change reversibly by varying temperature in a closed system or chemical potential in an open system. C1 [Roytburd, Alexander L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Roytburd, Alexander L.; Boyerinas, Brad M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bruck, Hugh A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Roytburd, AL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM roytburd@umd.edu FU NSF-DMR [0907122] FX The authors are grateful to NSF-DMR #0907122 for support. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAR 11 PY 2015 VL 27 IS 9 AR 092201 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/27/9/092201 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CB8QJ UT WOS:000349895500001 PM 25671335 ER PT J AU Alpert, B Balata, M Bennett, D Biasotti, M Boragno, C Brofferio, C Ceriale, V Corsini, D Day, PK De Gerone, M Dressler, R Faverzani, M Ferri, E Fowler, J Gatti, F Giachero, A Hays-Wehle, J Heinitz, S Hilton, G Koster, U Lusignoli, M Maino, M Mates, J Nisi, S Nizzolo, R Nucciotti, A Pessina, G Pizzigoni, G Puiu, A Ragazzi, S Reintsema, C Gomes, MR Schmidt, D Schumann, D Sisti, M Swetz, D Terranova, F Ullom, J AF Alpert, B. Balata, M. Bennett, D. Biasotti, M. Boragno, C. Brofferio, C. Ceriale, V. Corsini, D. Day, P. K. De Gerone, M. Dressler, R. Faverzani, M. Ferri, E. Fowler, J. Gatti, F. Giachero, A. Hays-Wehle, J. Heinitz, S. Hilton, G. Koester, U. Lusignoli, M. Maino, M. Mates, J. Nisi, S. Nizzolo, R. Nucciotti, A. Pessina, G. Pizzigoni, G. Puiu, A. Ragazzi, S. Reintsema, C. Ribeiro Gomes, M. Schmidt, D. Schumann, D. Sisti, M. Swetz, D. Terranova, F. Ullom, J. TI HOLMES The electron capture decay of Ho-163 to measure the electron neutrino mass with sub-eV sensitivity SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID MICROCALORIMETER DETECTORS; MARE EXPERIMENT; NUCLEAR-DATA; PROBABILITIES AB The European Research Council has recently funded HOLMES, a new experiment to directly measure the neutrino mass. HOLMES will perform a calorimetric measurement of the energy released in the decay of Ho-163. The calorimetric measurement eliminates systematic uncertainties arising from the use of external beta sources, as in experiments with beta spectrometers. This measurement was proposed in 1982 by A. De Rujula and M. Lusignoli, but only recently the detector technological progress allowed to design a sensitive experiment. HOLMES will deploy a large array of low temperature microcalorimeters with implanted Ho-163 nuclei. The resulting mass sensitivity will be as low as 0.4 eV. HOLMES will be an important step forward in the direct neutrino mass measurement with a calorimetric approach as an alternative to spectrometry. It will also establish the potential of this approach to extend the sensitivity down to 0.1 eV. We outline here the project with its technical challenges and perspectives. C1 [Alpert, B.; Bennett, D.; Fowler, J.; Hays-Wehle, J.; Hilton, G.; Mates, J.; Reintsema, C.; Schmidt, D.; Swetz, D.; Ullom, J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Balata, M.; Nisi, S.] INFN, LNGS, Assergi, AQ, Italy. [Biasotti, M.; Boragno, C.; Ceriale, V.; Corsini, D.; De Gerone, M.; Gatti, F.; Pizzigoni, G.] Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, Genoa, Italy. [Biasotti, M.; Boragno, C.; Ceriale, V.; Corsini, D.; De Gerone, M.; Gatti, F.; Pizzigoni, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Brofferio, C.; Faverzani, M.; Ferri, E.; Giachero, A.; Maino, M.; Nizzolo, R.; Nucciotti, A.; Puiu, A.; Ragazzi, S.; Sisti, M.; Terranova, F.] Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy. [Brofferio, C.; Faverzani, M.; Ferri, E.; Giachero, A.; Maino, M.; Nizzolo, R.; Nucciotti, A.; Pessina, G.; Puiu, A.; Ragazzi, S.; Sisti, M.; Terranova, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano Bicocca, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Day, P. K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Dressler, R.; Heinitz, S.; Schumann, D.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland. [Koester, U.] ILL Grenoble, Grenoble, France. [Lusignoli, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, Rome, Italy. [Ribeiro Gomes, M.] Univ Lisbon, Multidisciplinary Ctr Astrophys CENTRA IST, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Alpert, B (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM angelo.nucciotti@mib.infn.it RI Giachero, Andrea/I-1081-2013; Ragazzi, Stefano/D-2463-2009; Boragno, Corrado/B-1114-2010; Nucciotti, Angelo/I-8888-2012; Faverzani, Marco/K-3865-2016; Ferri, Elena/L-8531-2014; Biasotti, Michele/C-7890-2017; OI Giachero, Andrea/0000-0003-0493-695X; Ragazzi, Stefano/0000-0001-8219-2074; Boragno, Corrado/0000-0001-5038-0214; Nucciotti, Angelo/0000-0002-8458-1556; Faverzani, Marco/0000-0001-8119-2953; Ferri, Elena/0000-0003-1425-3669; Biasotti, Michele/0000-0002-7241-8479; Pessina, Gianluigi Ezio/0000-0003-3700-9757 FU European Research Council under the European Union [340321]; INFN FX The HOLMES experiment is funded by the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement No. 340321. We also acknowledge support from INFN for the MARE project, from the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program for the TES detector development, and from Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (PTDC/FIS/116719/2010) for providing the enriched Er2O3 used in preliminary 163Ho production by means of neutron irradiation. NR 47 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD MAR 10 PY 2015 VL 75 IS 3 AR 112 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3329-5 PG 11 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA CJ7HK UT WOS:000355665200001 ER PT J AU Warden, ML Haas, HL Rose, KA Richards, PM AF Warden, Melissa L. Haas, Heather L. Rose, Kenneth A. Richards, Paul M. TI A spatially explicit population model of simulated fisheries impact on loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Fisheries mortality; Bycatch; Reproductive value; Matrix model; Population dynamics ID HUMAN-CAUSED MORTALITY; REPRODUCTIVE VALUE; PELAGIC LONGLINES; BYCATCH; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; CONSERVATION; FLORIDA; STOCK AB Incidental mortality from commercial fishing operations can alter the demography and distribution of affected species. Population assessments for long-lived, wide-ranging species such as sea turtles may need to include a spatial component and a consideration of the affected life stages. We used a spatial matrix population projection model to examine the impact of federally authorized incidental fishing mortality on a simulated Northwest Atlantic loggerhead sea turtle population. We projected the population for 100 years, simulating fisheries bycatch mortality through removals from the population that were directed toward specific spatial units or life stages. We kept removals constant across years for most simulations. We incorporated demographic information in the removals by using reproductive values to estimate adult-equivalent turtles, which we compared with removing individual turtles. Removals made in terms of adult equivalents had identical population impacts for all removal schemes (80% population decline after 40 years). Removals made in terms of individuals had the greatest impact if weighted toward the adult life stage (89% population decline after 40 years) and the least impact if weighted toward the youngest life stage (78% population decline after 40 years). Differences in impact between spatially directed removals were attributed to unequal stage distributions between regions. Because the population impact of loggerhead mortality depends on the affected life stage, the monitoring of population-level impacts is more reliable if authorized incidental take is specified and monitored by life stage or by adult equivalents. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). C1 [Warden, Melissa L.] Integrated Stat, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Haas, Heather L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Richards, Paul M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Warden, ML (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM melissa.warden@noaa.gov NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAR 10 PY 2015 VL 299 BP 23 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.11.025 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CB8LY UT WOS:000349882300003 ER PT J AU Betancourt, BAP Hanakata, PZ Starr, FW Douglas, JF AF Betancourt, Beatriz A. Pazmino Hanakata, Paul Z. Starr, Francis W. Douglas, Jack F. TI Quantitative relations between cooperative motion, emergent elasticity, and free volume in model glass-forming polymer materials SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE glass formation; elasticity; cooperativity; free volume; strings ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; TRANSITION-STATES; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; SOLVENT SYSTEMS; VISCOUS-FLOW; RELAXATION; ENTROPY; ENTHALPY; COMPENSATION AB The study of glass formation is largely framed by semiempirical models that emphasize the importance of progressively growing cooperative motion accompanying the drop in fluid configurational entropy, emergent elasticity, or the vanishing of accessible free volume available for molecular motion in cooled liquids. We investigate the extent to which these descriptions are related through computations on a model coarse-grained polymer melt, with and without nanoparticle additives, and for supported polymer films with smooth or rough surfaces, allowing for substantial variation of the glass transition temperature and the fragility of glass formation. We find quantitative relations between emergent elasticity, the average local volume accessible for particle motion, and the growth of collective motion in cooled liquids. Surprisingly, we find that each of these models of glass formation can equally well describe the relaxation data for all of the systems that we simulate. In this way, we uncover some unity in our understanding of glass-forming materials from perspectives formerly considered as distinct. C1 [Betancourt, Beatriz A. Pazmino; Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Betancourt, Beatriz A. Pazmino; Hanakata, Paul Z.; Starr, Francis W.] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. RP Betancourt, BAP (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bpazminobeta@wesleyan.edu; fstarr@wesleyan.edu; jack.douglas@nist.gov RI Starr, Francis/C-7703-2012 NR 64 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 37 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 10 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 10 BP 2966 EP 2971 DI 10.1073/pnas.1418654112 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CC8VK UT WOS:000350646500032 ER PT J AU Ade, PAR Aghanim, N Ahmed, Z Aikin, RW Alexander, KD Arnaud, M Aumont, J Baccigalupi, C Banday, AJ Barkats, D Barreiro, RB Bartlett, JG Bartolo, N Battaner, E Benabed, K Benoit, A Benoit-Levy, A Benton, SJ Bernard, JP Bersanelli, M Bielewicz, P Bischoff, CA Bock, JJ Bonaldi, A Bonavera, L Bond, JR Borrill, J Bouchet, FR Boulanger, F Brevik, JA Bucher, M Buder, I Bullock, E Burigana, C Butler, RC Buza, V Calabrese, E Cardoso, JF Catalano, A Challinor, A Chary, RR Chiang, HC Christensen, PR Colombo, LPL Combet, C Connors, J Couchot, F Coulais, A Crill, BP Curto, A Cuttaia, F Danese, L Davies, RD Davis, RJ de Bernardis, P de Rosa, A de Zotti, G Delabrouille, J Delouis, JM Desert, FX Dickinson, C Diego, JM Dole, H Donzelli, S Dore, O Douspis, M Dowell, CD Duband, L Ducout, A Dunkley, J Dupac, X Dvorkin, C Efstathiou, G Elsner, F Ensslin, TA Eriksen, HK Falgarone, E Filippini, JP Finelli, F Fliescher, S Forni, O Frailis, M Fraisse, AA Franceschi, E Frejsel, A Galeotta, S Galli, S Ganga, K Ghosh, T Giard, M Gjerlow, E Golwala, SR Gonzalez-Nuevo, J Gorski, KM Gratton, S Gregorio, A Gruppuso, A Gudmundsson, JE Halpern, M Hansen, FK Hanson, D Harrison, DL Hasselfield, M Helou, G Henrot-Versillee, S Herranz, D Hildebrandt, SR Hilton, GC Hivon, E Hobson, M Holmes, WA Hovest, W Hristov, VV Huffenberger, KM Hui, H Hurier, G Irwin, KD Jaffe, AH Jaffe, TR Jewell, J Jones, WC Juvela, M Karakci, A Karkare, KS Kaufman, JP Keating, BG Kefeli, S Keihanen, E Kernasovskiy, SA Keskitalo, R Kisner, TS Kneissl, R Knoche, J Knox, L Kovac, JM Krachmalnicoff, N Kunz, M Kuo, CL Kurki-Suonio, H Lagache, G Lahteenmaki, A Lamarre, JM Lasenby, A Lattanzi, M Lawrence, CR Leitch, EM Leonardi, R Levrier, F Lewis, A Liguori, M Lilje, PB Linden-Vornle, M Lopez-Caniego, M Lubin, PM Lueker, M Macias-Perez, JF Maffei, B Maino, D Mandolesi, N Mangilli, A Maris, M Martin, PG Martinez-Gonzalez, E Masi, S Mason, P Matarrese, S Megerian, KG Meinhold, PR Melchiorri, A Mendes, L Mennella, A Migliaccio, M Mitra, S Miville-Deschenes, MA Moneti, A Montier, L Morgante, G Mortlock, D Moss, A Munshi, D Murphy, JA Naselsky, P Nati, F Natoli, P Netterfield, CB Nguyen, HT Norgaard-Nielsen, HU Noviello, F Novikov, D Novikov, I O'Brient, R Ogburn, RW Orlando, A Pagano, L Pajot, F Paladini, R Paoletti, D Partridge, B Pasian, F Patanchon, G Pearson, TJ Perdereau, O Perotto, L Pettorino, V Piacentini, F Piat, M Pietrobon, D Plaszczynski, S Pointecouteau, E Polenta, G Ponthieu, N Pratt, GW Prunet, S Pryke, C Puget, JL Rachen, JP Reach, WT Rebolo, R Reinecke, M Remazeilles, M Renault, C Renzi, A Richter, S Ristorcelli, I Rocha, G Rossetti, M Roudier, G Rowan-Robinson, M Rubino-Martin, JA Rusholme, B Sandri, M Santos, D Savelainen, M Savini, G Schwarz, R Scott, D Seiffert, MD Sheehy, CD Spencer, LD Staniszewski, ZK Stolyarov, V Sudiwala, R Sunyaev, R Sutton, D Suur-Uski, AS Sygnet, JF Tauber, JA Teply, GP Terenzi, L Thompson, KL Toffolatti, L Tolan, JE Tomasi, M Tristram, M Tucci, M Turner, AD Valenziano, L Valiviita, J Van Tent, B Vibert, L Vielva, P Vieregg, AG Villa, F Wade, LA Wandelt, BD Watson, R Weber, AC Wehus, IK White, M White, SDM Willmert, J Wong, CL Yoon, KW Yvon, D Zacchei, A Zonca, A AF Ade, P. A. R. Aghanim, N. Ahmed, Z. Aikin, R. W. Alexander, K. D. Arnaud, M. Aumont, J. Baccigalupi, C. Banday, A. J. Barkats, D. Barreiro, R. B. Bartlett, J. G. Bartolo, N. Battaner, E. Benabed, K. Benoit, A. Benoit-Levy, A. Benton, S. J. Bernard, J. -P. Bersanelli, M. Bielewicz, P. Bischoff, C. A. Bock, J. J. Bonaldi, A. Bonavera, L. Bond, J. R. Borrill, J. Bouchet, F. R. Boulanger, F. Brevik, J. A. Bucher, M. Buder, I. Bullock, E. Burigana, C. Butler, R. C. Buza, V. Calabrese, E. Cardoso, J. -F. Catalano, A. Challinor, A. Chary, R. -R. Chiang, H. C. Christensen, P. R. Colombo, L. P. L. Combet, C. Connors, J. Couchot, F. Coulais, A. Crill, B. P. Curto, A. Cuttaia, F. Danese, L. Davies, R. D. Davis, R. J. de Bernardis, P. de Rosa, A. de Zotti, G. Delabrouille, J. Delouis, J. -M. Desert, F. -X. Dickinson, C. Diego, J. M. Dole, H. Donzelli, S. Dore, O. Douspis, M. Dowell, C. D. Duband, L. Ducout, A. Dunkley, J. Dupac, X. Dvorkin, C. Efstathiou, G. Elsner, F. Ensslin, T. A. Eriksen, H. K. Falgarone, E. Filippini, J. P. Finelli, F. Fliescher, S. Forni, O. Frailis, M. Fraisse, A. A. Franceschi, E. Frejsel, A. Galeotta, S. Galli, S. Ganga, K. Ghosh, T. Giard, M. Gjerlow, E. Golwala, S. R. Gonzalez-Nuevo, J. Gorski, K. M. Gratton, S. Gregorio, A. Gruppuso, A. Gudmundsson, J. E. Halpern, M. Hansen, F. K. Hanson, D. Harrison, D. L. Hasselfield, M. Helou, G. Henrot-Versille, S. Herranz, D. Hildebrandt, S. R. Hilton, G. C. Hivon, E. Hobson, M. Holmes, W. A. Hovest, W. Hristov, V. V. Huffenberger, K. M. Hui, H. Hurier, G. Irwin, K. D. Jaffe, A. H. Jaffe, T. R. Jewell, J. Jones, W. C. Juvela, M. Karakci, A. Karkare, K. S. Kaufman, J. P. Keating, B. G. Kefeli, S. Keihanen, E. Kernasovskiy, S. A. Keskitalo, R. Kisner, T. S. Kneissl, R. Knoche, J. Knox, L. Kovac, J. M. Krachmalnicoff, N. Kunz, M. Kuo, C. L. Kurki-Suonio, H. Lagache, G. Lahteenmaki, A. Lamarre, J. -M. Lasenby, A. Lattanzi, M. Lawrence, C. R. Leitch, E. M. Leonardi, R. Levrier, F. Lewis, A. Liguori, M. Lilje, P. B. Linden-Vornle, M. Lopez-Caniego, M. Lubin, P. M. Lueker, M. Macias-Perez, J. F. Maffei, B. Maino, D. Mandolesi, N. Mangilli, A. Maris, M. Martin, P. G. Martinez-Gonzalez, E. Masi, S. Mason, P. Matarrese, S. Megerian, K. G. Meinhold, P. R. Melchiorri, A. Mendes, L. Mennella, A. Migliaccio, M. Mitra, S. Miville-Deschenes, M. -A. Moneti, A. Montier, L. Morgante, G. Mortlock, D. Moss, A. Munshi, D. Murphy, J. A. Naselsky, P. Nati, F. Natoli, P. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, H. T. Norgaard-Nielsen, H. U. Noviello, F. Novikov, D. Novikov, I. O'Brient, R. Ogburn, R. W. Orlando, A. Pagano, L. Pajot, F. Paladini, R. Paoletti, D. Partridge, B. Pasian, F. Patanchon, G. Pearson, T. J. Perdereau, O. Perotto, L. Pettorino, V. Piacentini, F. Piat, M. Pietrobon, D. Plaszczynski, S. Pointecouteau, E. Polenta, G. Ponthieu, N. Pratt, G. W. Prunet, S. Pryke, C. Puget, J. -L. Rachen, J. P. Reach, W. T. Rebolo, R. Reinecke, M. Remazeilles, M. Renault, C. Renzi, A. Richter, S. Ristorcelli, I. Rocha, G. Rossetti, M. Roudier, G. Rowan-Robinson, M. Rubino-Martin, J. A. Rusholme, B. Sandri, M. Santos, D. Savelainen, M. Savini, G. Schwarz, R. Scott, D. Seiffert, M. D. Sheehy, C. D. Spencer, L. D. Staniszewski, Z. K. Stolyarov, V. Sudiwala, R. Sunyaev, R. Sutton, D. Suur-Uski, A. -S. Sygnet, J. -F. Tauber, J. A. Teply, G. P. Terenzi, L. Thompson, K. L. Toffolatti, L. Tolan, J. E. Tomasi, M. Tristram, M. Tucci, M. Turner, A. D. Valenziano, L. Valiviita, J. Van Tent, B. Vibert, L. Vielva, P. Vieregg, A. G. Villa, F. Wade, L. A. Wandelt, B. D. Watson, R. Weber, A. C. Wehus, I. K. White, M. White, S. D. M. Willmert, J. Wong, C. L. Yoon, K. W. Yvon, D. Zacchei, A. Zonca, A. CA BICEP KECK Planck Collaborations TI Joint Analysis of BICEP2/Keck Array and Planck Data SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; GRAVITY-WAVES; POLARIZATION; ANISOTROPY; EMISSION; SUBMILLIMETER; SPECTRUM; SCALE; DUST AB We report the results of a joint analysis of data from BICEP2/Keck Array and Planck. BICEP2 and Keck Array have observed the same approximately 400 deg(2) patch of sky centered on RA 0 h, Dec. -57.5 degrees. The combined maps reach a depth of 57 nK deg in Stokes Q and U in a band centered at 150 GHz. Planck has observed the full sky in polarization at seven frequencies from 30 to 353 GHz, but much less deeply in any given region (1.2 mu K deg in Q and U at 143 GHz). We detect 150 x 353 cross-correlation in B modes at high significance. We fit the single- and cross-frequency power spectra at frequencies >= 150 GHz to a lensed-Lambda CDM model that includes dust and a possible contribution from inflationary gravitational waves (as parametrized by the tensor-to-scalar ratio r), using a prior on the frequency spectral behavior of polarized dust emission from previous Planck analysis of other regions of the sky. We find strong evidence for dust and no statistically significant evidence for tensor modes. We probe various model variations and extensions, including adding a synchrotron component in combination with lower frequency data, and find that these make little difference to the r constraint. Finally, we present an alternative analysis which is similar to a map-based cleaning of the dust contribution, and show that this gives similar constraints. The final result is expressed as a likelihood curve for r, and yields an upper limit r(0.05) < 0.12 at 95% confidence. 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EM Brendan.P.Crill@jpl.nasa.gov; pryke@physics.umn.edu RI Yvon, Dominique/D-2280-2015; Herranz, Diego/K-9143-2014; Novikov, Dmitry/P-1807-2015; Toffolatti, Luigi/K-5070-2014; Lahteenmaki, Anne/L-5987-2013; Barreiro, Rita Belen/N-5442-2014; Martinez-Gonzalez, Enrique/E-9534-2015; Lopez-Caniego, Marcos/M-4695-2013; Gonzalez-Nuevo, Joaquin/I-3562-2014; White, Martin/I-3880-2015; Pearson, Timothy/N-2376-2015; Gruppuso, Alessandro/N-5592-2015; bonavera, laura/E-9368-2017; Remazeilles, Mathieu/N-1793-2015; Valiviita, Jussi/A-9058-2016; Kurki-Suonio, Hannu/B-8502-2016; Ghosh, Tuhin/E-6899-2016; Tomasi, Maurizio/I-1234-2016; Lattanzi, Massimiliano/D-8120-2011; Novikov, Igor/N-5098-2015; Colombo, Loris/J-2415-2016; Nati, Federico/I-4469-2016; Vielva, Patricio/F-6745-2014; Piacentini, Francesco/E-7234-2010; Stolyarov, Vladislav/C-5656-2017; Butler, Reginald/N-4647-2015; OI Herranz, Diego/0000-0003-4540-1417; Toffolatti, Luigi/0000-0003-2645-7386; Barreiro, Rita Belen/0000-0002-6139-4272; Martinez-Gonzalez, Enrique/0000-0002-0179-8590; Gonzalez-Nuevo, Joaquin/0000-0003-1354-6822; White, Martin/0000-0001-9912-5070; Pearson, Timothy/0000-0001-5213-6231; Gruppuso, Alessandro/0000-0001-9272-5292; bonavera, laura/0000-0001-8039-3876; Alexander, Kate/0000-0002-8297-2473; Rubino-Martin, Jose Alberto/0000-0001-5289-3021; Finelli, Fabio/0000-0002-6694-3269; De Zotti, Gianfranco/0000-0003-2868-2595; Sandri, Maura/0000-0003-4806-5375; Franceschi, Enrico/0000-0002-0585-6591; Valenziano, Luca/0000-0002-1170-0104; Polenta, Gianluca/0000-0003-4067-9196; Morgante, Gianluca/0000-0001-9234-7412; Lopez-Caniego, Marcos/0000-0003-1016-9283; de Bernardis, Paolo/0000-0001-6547-6446; Remazeilles, Mathieu/0000-0001-9126-6266; Maris, Michele/0000-0001-9442-2754; Galeotta, Samuele/0000-0002-3748-5115; Pasian, Fabio/0000-0002-4869-3227; Scott, Douglas/0000-0002-6878-9840; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Gregorio, Anna/0000-0003-4028-8785; Valiviita, Jussi/0000-0001-6225-3693; Kurki-Suonio, Hannu/0000-0002-4618-3063; Tomasi, Maurizio/0000-0002-1448-6131; Lattanzi, Massimiliano/0000-0003-1059-2532; Colombo, Loris/0000-0003-4572-7732; Nati, Federico/0000-0002-8307-5088; Vielva, Patricio/0000-0003-0051-272X; Piacentini, Francesco/0000-0002-5444-9327; Stolyarov, Vladislav/0000-0001-8151-828X; Butler, Reginald/0000-0003-4366-5996; Orlando, Angiola/0000-0001-8004-5054; Cuttaia, Francesco/0000-0001-6608-5017; Huffenberger, Kevin/0000-0001-7109-0099; Burigana, Carlo/0000-0002-3005-5796; Karkare, Kirit/0000-0002-5215-6993; Bouchet, Francois/0000-0002-8051-2924; Barkats, Denis/0000-0002-8971-1954; Villa, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1798-861X; TERENZI, LUCA/0000-0001-9915-6379; Reach, William/0000-0001-8362-4094; Hurier, Guillaume/0000-0002-1215-0706; Juvela, Mika/0000-0002-5809-4834; Zacchei, Andrea/0000-0003-0396-1192; Lilje, Per/0000-0003-4324-7794; Paoletti, Daniela/0000-0003-4761-6147; Savini, Giorgio/0000-0003-4449-9416; Watson, Robert/0000-0002-5873-0124 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [ANT-0742818, ANT-1044978, ANT-0742592, ANT-1110087]; JPL Research and Technology Development Fund from the NASA [06-ARPA206-0040, 10-SAT10-0017]; National Science Foundation [ANT-1145172, ANT-1145143, ANT-1145248]; Keck Foundation (Caltech); ESA; CNES (France); CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI (Italy); CNR (Italy); INAF (Italy); NASA (USA); DoE (USA); STFC (UK); UKSA (UK); CSIC (Spain); MINECO (Spain); JA (Spain); RES (Spain); Tekes (Finland); AoF (Finland); CSC (Finland); DLR (Germany); MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/MCTES (Portugal); ERC (EU); PRACE (EU) FX BICEP2 was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grants No. ANT-0742818 and No. ANT-1044978 (Caltech and Harvard) and No. ANT-0742592 and No. ANT-1110087 (Chicago and Minnesota). The development of antenna-coupled detector technology was supported by the JPL Research and Technology Development Fund and Grants No. 06-ARPA206-0040 and No. 10-SAT10-0017 from the NASA APRA and SAT programs. The Keck Array project was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants No. ANT-1145172 (Harvard), No. ANT-1145143 (Minnesota) and No. ANT-1145248 (Stanford), and from the Keck Foundation (Caltech). We thank the staff of the U.S. Antarctic Program and in particular the South Pole Station without whose help this research would not have been possible. The Planck Collaboration acknowledges the support of the following: ESA; CNES, and CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI, CNR, and INAF (Italy); NASA and DoE (USA); STFC and UKSA (UK); CSIC, MINECO, JA and RES (Spain); Tekes, AoF, and CSC (Finland); DLR and MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/MCTES (Portugal); ERC and PRACE (EU). A description of the Planck Collaboration and a list of its members, indicating which technical or scientific activities they have been involved in, can be found in Ref. [52]. NR 44 TC 304 Z9 305 U1 9 U2 45 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 9 PY 2015 VL 114 IS 10 AR 101301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.101301 PG 17 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CC8ND UT WOS:000350624500002 PM 25815919 ER PT J AU Holmstrom, ED Dupuis, NF Nesbitt, DJ AF Holmstrom, Erik D. Dupuis, Nicholas F. Nesbitt, David J. TI Kinetic and Thermodynamic Origins of Osmolyte-Influenced Nucleic Acid Folding SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID TELOMERASE RNA PSEUDOKNOT; TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; SINGLE-MOLECULE FRET; N-OXIDE TMAO; TERTIARY STRUCTURE; GLYCINE BETAINE; GAAA TETRALOOP; M-VALUES; PREFERENTIAL INTERACTIONS; CHEMICAL DENATURATION AB The influential role of monovalent and divalent metal cations in facilitating conformational transitions in both RNA and DNA has been a target of intense biophysical research efforts. However, organic neutrally charged cosolutes can also significantly alter nucleic acid conformational transitions. For example, highly soluble small molecules such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and urea are occasionally utilized by organisms to regulate cellular osmotic pressure. Ensemble studies have revealed that these so-called osmolytes can substantially influence the thermodynamics of nucleic acid conformational transitions. In the present work, we exploit single-molecule FRET (smFRET) techniques to measure, for first time, the kinetic origins of these osmolyte-induced changes to the folding free energy. In particular, we focus on smFRET RNA and DNA constructs designed as model systems for secondary and tertiary structure formation. These findings reveal that TMAO preferentially stabilizes both secondary and tertiary interactions by increasing kfold and decreasing kunfold, whereas urea destabilizes both conformational transitions, resulting in the exact opposite shift in kinetic rate constants (i.e., decreasing kfold and increasing kunfold). Complementary temperature-dependent smFRET experiments highlight a thermodynamic distinction between the two different mechanisms responsible for TMAO-facilitated conformational transitions, while only a single mechanism is seen for the destabilizing osmolyte urea. Finally, these results are interpreted in the context of preferential interactions between osmolytes, and the solvent accessible surface area (SASA) associated with the (i) nucleobase, (ii) sugar, and (iii) phosphate groups of nucleic acids in order to map out structural changes that occur during the conformational transitions. C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation [CHE1266416, PHYS1125844]; National Institute of Standards and Technology; W. M. Keck Foundation initiative in RNA sciences at the University of Colorado, Boulder; National Institutes of Health Molecular Biophysics Training Program [T32 GM-065103]; National Research Council FX Support for this work has been provided by the National Science Foundation (Grants CHE1266416 and PHYS1125844), the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the W. M. Keck Foundation initiative in RNA sciences at the University of Colorado, Boulder. The National Institutes of Health Molecular Biophysics Training Program (T32 GM-065103) and the National Research Council have provided partial support for E.D.H. and N.F.D, respectively. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 5 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 9 BP 3687 EP 3696 DI 10.1021/jp512491n PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CD1NC UT WOS:000350840600008 PM 25621404 ER PT J AU Yun, J Jung, Y Novotny, DR Guerrieri, JR AF Yun, Jaehoon Jung, Yongchae Novotny, David R. Guerrieri, Jeffrey R. TI Wideband CTL cell to measure operating range of UHF RFID SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE coupled transmission lines; radiofrequency identification; UHF devices; wideband coupled transmission line cell; WCTL cell; operating range; UHF RFID; ORUR test system; fully anechoic chamber ID STANDARD ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS AB A wideband coupled transmission line (CTL) cell to measure the operating range of an UHF RFID (ORUR) is presented. Also, an ORUR test system is proposed to increase the isolation to more than 55 dB. It is shown that the ORUR measured by this proposed cell agrees well with the measured data using a fully anechoic chamber. C1 [Yun, Jaehoon] ETRI, Radio Sci Sect, Taejon 305350, South Korea. [Jung, Yongchae] Chonbuk Univ, Dept Elect & Informat & Engn, Chonju 561756, South Korea. [Novotny, David R.; Guerrieri, Jeffrey R.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Yun, J (reprint author), ETRI, Radio Sci Sect, Taejon 305350, South Korea. EM jhyun@etri.re.kr FU Guest Research Program of NIST; ICT R&D programme of MSIP/IITP FX This work was supported by the Guest Research Program of NIST and the ICT R&D programme of MSIP/IITP. The authors thank M.-S. Kwon and J.-K. Lee for obtaining the measurement data [Development of RF energy Transmission under 100 Watts and Harvesting Technology]. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 EI 1350-911X J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2015 VL 51 IS 5 BP 403 EP 404 DI 10.1049/el.2014.3359 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CC3MK UT WOS:000350253300015 ER PT J AU Phelan, D Rodriguez, EE Gao, J Bing, Y Ye, ZG Huang, Q Wen, JS Xu, GY Stock, C Matsuura, M Gehring, PM AF Phelan, D. Rodriguez, E. E. Gao, J. Bing, Y. Ye, Z-G Huang, Q. Wen, Jinsheng Xu, Guangyong Stock, C. Matsuura, M. Gehring, P. M. TI Phase diagram of the relaxor ferroelectric (1 - x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3+xPbTiO(3) revisited: a neutron powder diffraction study of the relaxor skin effect SO PHASE TRANSITIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Int Workshop Relaxor Ferroelectr CY DEC 12-16, 2014 CL Stirin, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Off Naval Res (ONRG) DE phase diagram; morphotropic phase boundary; skin effect; PMN; neutron diffraction; relaxors ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; FIELD ISING-MODEL; LONG-RANGE ORDER; 2ND LENGTH SCALE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CUBIC PHASE; SCATTERING; TRANSITION; DEPENDENCE; STRAIN AB We revisit the phase diagram of the relaxor ferroelectric PMN- [GRAPHICS] PT using neutron powder diffraction to test suggestions that residual oxygen vacancies and/or strain affect the ground state crystal structure. Powdered samples of PMN- [GRAPHICS] PT were prepared with nominal compositions of [GRAPHICS] , 0.20, 0.30, and 0.40 and divided into two identical sets, one of which was annealed in air to relieve grinding-induced strain and to promote an ideal oxygen stoichiometry. For a given composition and temperature the same structural phase is observed for each specimen. However, the distortions in all of the annealed samples are smaller than those in the as-prepared samples. Further, the diffraction patterns for [GRAPHICS] , 0.20, and 0.30 are best refined using the monoclinic [GRAPHICS] space group. By comparing our neutron diffraction results to those obtained on single crystals having similar compositions, we conclude that the relaxor skin effect in PMN- [GRAPHICS] PT vanishes on the Ti-rich side of the morphotropic phase boundary. C1 [Phelan, D.; Rodriguez, E. E.; Huang, Q.; Gehring, P. M.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Phelan, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rodriguez, E. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gao, J.; Bing, Y.; Ye, Z-G] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Wen, Jinsheng] Nanjing Univ, Sch Phys, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Xu, Guangyong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Stock, C.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys & Astron, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Matsuura, M.] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. RP Gehring, PM (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM peter.gehring@nist.gov RI Wen, Jinsheng/F-4209-2010; Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; OI Wen, Jinsheng/0000-0001-5864-1466; Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 FU United States Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-12-1-1045]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [203772]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering Division [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The work at Simon Fraser University was supported by the United States Office of Naval Research (ONR) [grant number N00014-12-1-1045]; the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [grant number 203772]. Work in the Materials Science Division at Argonne National Laboratory is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering Division [grant number DE-AC02-06CH11357]. G. Xu acknowledges support from the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy [grant number DE-AC02-98CH10886], while C. Stock acknowledges the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland and the Royal Society. NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 42 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1594 EI 1029-0338 J9 PHASE TRANSIT JI Phase Transit. PD MAR 4 PY 2015 VL 88 IS 3 SI SI BP 283 EP 305 DI 10.1080/01411594.2014.989226 PG 23 WC Crystallography; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Physics GA CC9LK UT WOS:000350691800008 ER PT J AU Miller, P Ellis, AW Keighton, S AF Miller, Paul Ellis, Andrew W. Keighton, Stephen TI Spatial distribution of lightning associated with low-shear thunderstorm environments in the central Appalachian region SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE total lightning; convection; single-cell thunderstorms; differential heating ID CLASSIFICATION; PATTERNS; FEATURES; TERRAIN; CLOUD; MODE AB Differential heating, the preferential warming of terrain by insolation based on its gradient and aspect, has been observed to play an instrumental role in thunderstorm formation in weak flow regimes. In this study, spatiotemporal cluster analysis was used to group total lightning observations into likely thunderstorms, which were then categorized into lightning-defined (LD) storm modes. Flashes associated with the 351 LD single-cell storms identified were then imported into a geographic information system to compare their frequency against the presence of east- and south-facing surfaces with above-average gradients, termed "enhanced diurnal heating surfaces" (EDHSs). The influence of EDHSs on LD single-cell total lightning and storm frequency was examined via a series of pooled t-tests at eight different spatial scales. The results indicate that EDHSs possessed a significantly greater frequency of LD single-cell storms, 37.6% greater than non-EDHSs, with the relationship best observed at a 15-km resolution. The analysis was then repeated but with terrain aspect ignored. The elimination of aspect as an EDHS requirement removed all statistical significance from the initial results, suggesting that aspect is indeed a key contributor to single-cell thunderstorm formation within areas of complex terrain. C1 [Miller, Paul] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Ellis, Andrew W.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geog, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Keighton, Stephen] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Miller, P (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM paul.miller@uga.edu FU COMET Program of the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Weather Service (NWS) [Z13-99434] FX This material was based upon work supported by the COMET Program of the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Weather Service (NWS) [Z13-99434]. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the COMET Program, UCAR, NOAA or the NWS. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-3646 EI 1930-0557 J9 PHYS GEOGR JI Phys. Geogr. PD MAR 4 PY 2015 VL 36 IS 2 BP 127 EP 141 DI 10.1080/02723646.2015.1011257 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE4ZR UT WOS:000351839800003 ER PT J AU Westergaard, PG Christensen, BTR Tieri, D Matin, R Cooper, J Holland, M Ye, J Thomsen, JW AF Westergaard, Philip G. Christensen, Bjarke T. R. Tieri, David Matin, Rastin Cooper, John Holland, Murray Ye, Jun Thomsen, Jan W. TI Observation of Motion-Dependent Nonlinear Dispersion with Narrow-Linewidth Atoms in an Optical Cavity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE CLOCK; FREQUENCY STABILIZATION; LASER; SPECTROSCOPY; RESONATOR; STABILITY AB As an alternative to state-of-the-art laser frequency stabilization using ultrastable cavities, it has been proposed to exploit the nonlinear effects from coupling of atoms with a narrow transition to an optical cavity. Here, we have constructed such a system and observed nonlinear phase shifts of a narrow optical line by a strong coupling of a sample of strontium-88 atoms to an optical cavity. The sample temperature of a few mK provides a domain where the Doppler energy scale is several orders of magnitude larger than the narrow linewidth of the optical transition. This makes the system sensitive to velocity dependent multiphoton scattering events (Dopplerons) that affect the cavity field transmission and phase. By varying the number of atoms and the intracavity power, we systematically study this nonlinear phase signature which displays roughly the same features as for much lower temperature samples. This demonstration in a relatively simple system opens new possibilities for alternative routes to laser stabilization at the sub-100 mHz level and superradiant laser sources involving narrow-line atoms. The understanding of relevant motional effects obtained here has direct implications for other atomic clocks when used in relation to ultranarrow clock transitions. C1 [Westergaard, Philip G.; Christensen, Bjarke T. R.; Matin, Rastin; Thomsen, Jan W.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Westergaard, Philip G.] Danish Fundamental Metrol, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Tieri, David; Cooper, John; Holland, Murray; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tieri, David; Cooper, John; Holland, Murray; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Westergaard, PG (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM pgw@dfm.dk RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Thomsen, Jan W./M-9087-2016 OI Thomsen, Jan W./0000-0003-3423-6989 FU Danish Research Council; ESA [4000108303/13/NL/PA-NPI272-2012]; DARPA QuASAR program; NIST FX We would like to acknowledge support from the Danish Research Council and ESA Contract No. 4000108303/13/NL/PA-NPI272-2012. D. T., M. H., and J. Y. also wish to thank the DARPA QuASAR program, NIST, and the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JILA for financial support. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2015 VL 114 IS 9 AR 093002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.093002 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CD3KH UT WOS:000350976700009 PM 25793810 ER PT J AU Kelly, TR McNeill, JB Avens, L Hall, AG Goshe, LR Hohn, AA Godfrey, MH Mihnovets, AN Cluse, WM Harms, CA AF Kelly, Terra R. McNeill, Joanne Braun Avens, Larisa Hall, April Goodman Goshe, Lisa R. Hohn, Aleta A. Godfrey, Matthew H. Mihnovets, A. Nicole Cluse, Wendy M. Harms, Craig A. TI Clinical Pathology Reference Intervals for an In-Water Population of Juvenile Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta) in Core Sound, North Carolina, USA SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CHELONIA-MYDAS; BLOOD BIOCHEMISTRY; GREEN TURTLES; REFERENCE VALUES; PLASMA; HEMATOLOGY; PARAMETERS; CHEMISTRY; ANALYTES; PAMLICO AB The loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) is found throughout the waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. It is a protected species throughout much of its range due to threats such as habitat loss, fisheries interactions, hatchling predation, and marine debris. Loggerheads that occur in the southeastern U.S. are listed as "threatened" on the U.S. Endangered Species List, and receive state and federal protection. As part of an on-going population assessment conducted by the National Marine Fisheries Service, samples were collected from juvenile loggerhead sea turtles in Core Sound, North Carolina, between 2004 and 2007 to gain insight on the baseline health of the threatened Northwest Atlantic Ocean population. The aims of the current study were to establish hematologic and biochemical reference intervals for this population, and to assess variation of the hematologic and plasma biochemical analytes by season, water temperature, and sex and size of the turtles. Reference intervals for the clinical pathology parameters were estimated following Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Season, water temperature, sex, and size of the turtles were found to be significant factors of variation for parameter values. Seasonal variation could be attributed to physiological effects of decreasing photoperiod, cooler water temperature, and migration during the fall months. Packed cell volume, total protein, and albumin increased with increasing size of the turtles. The size-related differences in analytes documented in the present study are consistent with other reports of variation in clinical pathology parameters by size and age in sea turtles. As a component of a health assessment of juvenile loggerhead sea turtles in North Carolina, this study will serve as a baseline aiding in evaluation of trends for this population and as a diagnostic tool for assessing the health and prognosis for loggerhead sea turtles undergoing rehabilitation. C1 [Kelly, Terra R.; Harms, Craig A.] N Carolina State Univ, Environm Med Consortium, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Kelly, Terra R.; Harms, Craig A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [McNeill, Joanne Braun; Avens, Larisa; Hall, April Goodman; Goshe, Lisa R.; Hohn, Aleta A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Godfrey, Matthew H.; Cluse, Wendy M.] North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Mihnovets, A. Nicole] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Harms, Craig A.] Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC 27606 USA. RP Harms, CA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Environm Med Consortium, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM craig_harms@ncsu.edu RI Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011 OI Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062 FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2004-0012-001] FX National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (http://www.nfwf.org/) #2004-0012-001. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 29 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 4 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 3 AR e0115739 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0115739 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CC9JM UT WOS:000350685900005 PM 25738772 ER PT J AU Knill, E Glancy, S Nam, SW Coakley, K Zhang, YB AF Knill, Emanuel Glancy, Scott Nam, Sae Woo Coakley, Kevin Zhang, Yanbao TI Bell inequalities for continuously emitting sources SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HIDDEN-VARIABLE THEORIES; TIME LOOPHOLE; THEOREM AB A common experimental strategy for demonstrating nonclassical correlations is to show violation of a Bell inequality by measuring a continuously emitted stream of entangled photon pairs. The measurements involve the detection of photons by two spatially separated parties. The detection times are recorded and compared to quantify the violation. The violation critically depends on determining which detections are coincident. Because the recorded detection times have "jitter," coincidences cannot be inferred perfectly. In the presence of settings-dependent timing errors, this can allow a local-realistic system to show apparent violation, the so-called " coincidence loophole." Here, we introduce a family of Bell inequalities based on signed, directed distances between the parties' sequences of recorded time tags. Given that the time tags are recorded for synchronized, fixed observation periods and that the settings choices are random and independent of the source, violation of these inequalities unambiguously shows nonclassical correlations violating local realism. Distance-based Bell inequalities are generally useful for two-party configurations where the effective size of the measurement outcome space is large or infinite. We show how to systematically modify the underlying Bell functions to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and to quantify the significance of the violation. C1 [Knill, Emanuel; Glancy, Scott; Nam, Sae Woo; Coakley, Kevin; Zhang, Yanbao] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zhang, Yanbao] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Knill, E (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM emanuel.knill@nist.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 4 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 3 AR 032105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.91.032105 PG 17 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CC8AC UT WOS:000350589100001 ER PT J AU Huang, LH Wang, PJ Ruzic, BP Fu, ZK Meng, ZM Peng, P Bohn, JL Zhang, J AF Huang, Lianghui Wang, Pengjun Ruzic, B. P. Fu, Zhengkun Meng, Zengming Peng, Peng Bohn, J. L. Zhang, Jing TI Radio-frequency spectrum of the Feshbach molecular state to deeply bound molecular states in ultracold K-40 Fermi gases SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radio-frequency spectrum; Feshbach molucules; ultracold Fermi gases ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; RB-87 ATOMS; TRAP; COLLISIONS; RESONANCE; LIGHT AB Spectroscopic measurements are made and obtained for three molecular levels within 50 MHz of the atomic continuum, along with their variation of magnetic field in ultracold K-40 Fermi gases. We use spectroscopic measurements to modify the scattering properties near magnetic Fano-Feshbach resonances with a radio-frequency (RF) field by measuring the loss profile versus magnetic field. This work provides the high accuracy locations of ground molecular states near the s-wave Fano-Feshbach resonance, which can be used to study the crossover regime from a Bose-Einstein condensate to a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superfluid in the presence of an RF field. C1 [Huang, Lianghui; Wang, Pengjun; Fu, Zhengkun; Meng, Zengming; Peng, Peng; Zhang, Jing] Shanxi Univ, Inst Optoelect, State Key Lab Quantum Opt & Quantum Opt Devices, Taiyuan 030006, Peoples R China. [Ruzic, B. P.; Bohn, J. L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ruzic, B. P.; Bohn, J. L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, Jing] Univ Sci & Technol China, Synerget Innovat Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum P, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. RP Huang, LH (reprint author), Shanxi Univ, Inst Optoelect, State Key Lab Quantum Opt & Quantum Opt Devices, Taiyuan 030006, Peoples R China. FU National Basic Research Program of China [2011CB921601]; NSFC [11234008, 11361161002, 11474188]; Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province [2014011008.2]; Doctoral Program Foundation of the Ministry of Education China [20111401130001]; AFOSR MURI grant FX This research is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2011CB921601), NSFC (Grant No. 11234008, 11361161002, 11474188), Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (Grant No. 2014011008.2) and Doctoral Program Foundation of the Ministry of Education China (Grant No. 20111401130001). BPR and JLB acknowledge funding from an AFOSR MURI grant. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD MAR 3 PY 2015 VL 17 AR 033013 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/17/3/033013 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CF9PU UT WOS:000352898500013 ER PT J AU Pajerowski, DM Conklin, SE Leao, J Harriger, LW Phelan, D AF Pajerowski, D. M. Conklin, S. E. Leao, J. Harriger, L. W. Phelan, D. TI High-pressure neutron scattering of the magnetoelastic Ni-Cr Prussian blue analog SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BASED MAGNETS; CENTER-DOT NH(2)O; PHOTOINDUCED MAGNETISM; POWDER DIFFRACTION; HETEROSTRUCTURES; CORE; NANOPARTICLES; ABSORPTION; DYNAMICS; CYANIDE AB This paper summarizes 0 to 0.6 GPa neutron diffraction measurements of a nickel hexacyanochromate coordination polymer (NiCrPB) that has the face-centered-cubic, Prussian blue structure. Deuterated powders of NiCrPB contain approximate to 100-nm-sided cubic particles. The application of a large magnetic field shows the ambient-pressure, saturated magnetic structure. Pressures of less than 1 GPa have previously been shown to decrease the magnetic susceptibility by as much as half, and we find modifications to the nuclear crystal structure at these pressures that we quantify. Bridging cyanide molecules isomerize their coordination direction under pressure to change the local ligand field and introduce inhomogeneities in the local (magnetic) anisotropy that act as pinning sites for magnetic domains, thereby reducing the low-field magnetic susceptibility. C1 [Pajerowski, D. M.; Conklin, S. E.; Leao, J.; Harriger, L. W.; Phelan, D.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pajerowski, DM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel@pajerowski.com RI Conklin, Steven/P-6482-2015; OI Conklin, Steven/0000-0003-3158-235X; Pajerowski, Daniel/0000-0003-3890-2379 FU Center for High Resolution Neutron Scattering as part of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Summer Research Fellowship program [NSF DMR-0944772] FX D.M.P. would like to thank M. W. Meisel for a critical reading of the manuscript, P. Kienzle for advice on code optimization, B. B. Maranville for advice on micromagnetic simulations, C. Majkrzak and K. Krycka for help setting up polarization analysis, B. B. Maranville and C. Majkrzak for discussions about the coherence length of the neutron, W. Ratcliff for use of BT- 4, and P. M. Gehring for allowing use was sponsored by the Center for High Resolution Neutron Scattering as part of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Summer Research Fellowship program, No. NSF DMR-0944772. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the NIST, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 3 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 9 AR 094104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.094104 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CC6SG UT WOS:000350497800002 ER PT J AU Lavelle, CM Coplan, M Miller, EC Thompson, AK Kowler, AL Vest, RE Yue, AT Koeth, T Al-Sheikhly, M Clark, CW AF Lavelle, C. M. Coplan, M. Miller, E. C. Thompson, Alan K. Kowler, A. L. Vest, Robert E. Yue, A. T. Koeth, T. Al-Sheikhly, M. Clark, Charles W. TI Demonstration of neutron detection utilizing open cell foam and noble gas scintillation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; VITREOUS CARBON; COATINGS AB We present results demonstrating neutron detection via a closely spaced converter structure coupled to low pressure noble gas scintillation instrumented by a single photo-multiplier tube (PMT). The converter is dispersed throughout the gas volume using a reticulated vitreous carbon foam coated with boron carbide (B4C). A calibrated cold neutron beam is used to measure the neutron detection properties, using a thin film of enriched B-10 as a reference standard. Monte Carlo computations of the ion energy deposition are discussed, including treatment of the foam random network. Results from this study indicate that the foam shadows a significant portion of the scintillation light from the PMT. The high scintillation yield of Xe appears to overcome the light loss, facilitating neutron detection and presenting interesting opportunities for neutron detector design. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Lavelle, C. M.; Miller, E. C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Asymmetr Operat Dept, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Coplan, M.; Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20142 USA. [Thompson, Alan K.; Vest, Robert E.; Yue, A. T.; Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kowler, A. L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Phys, College Pk, MD 20142 USA. [Koeth, T.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20142 USA. [Al-Sheikhly, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lavelle, CM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Asymmetr Operat Dept, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM christopher.lavelle@jhuapl.edu OI Lavelle, Christopher/0000-0001-8802-4434 FU JHU/APL; Applied Operations Sector FX C.M.L. gratefully acknowledges JHU/APL internal support, including IRAD and laboratory development funds provided by the Applied Operations Sector, and the helpful comments of W. A. Noonan during preparation of this manuscript. We thank J. Nico (NIST) for his assistance with neutron beam current calibration and M. Arif and the NIST Neutron Physics Group for access to the NG-6 m beam line and for their continuing support of this effort. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 2 PY 2015 VL 106 IS 9 AR 094103 DI 10.1063/1.4914001 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CD4RA UT WOS:000351069900081 ER PT J AU Gove, JM Williams, GJ McManus, MA Clark, SJ Ehses, JS Wedding, LM AF Gove, Jamison M. Williams, Gareth J. McManus, Margaret A. Clark, Susan J. Ehses, Julia S. Wedding, Lisa M. TI Coral reef benthic regimes exhibit non-linear threshold responses to natural physical drivers SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Coral morphology; Regime shift; Reef-building organisms; Competition; Habitat complexity; Biophysical coupling; Waves; Bed shear stress; Tipping points ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; NORTHERN LINE ISLANDS; INTERNAL WAVES; BASE-LINES; HYDRODYNAMIC DISTURBANCES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; REGRESSION TREES; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; CENTRAL PACIFIC; WATER VELOCITY AB We assessed the independent effects of natural physical drivers in structuring coral reef benthic communities at a remote oceanic atoll in the central equatorial Pacific with minimal local human impacts. High-resolution bathymetric data combined with in situ oceanographic measurements and a nearshore hydrodynamic model revealed complex intra-atoll gradients in geomorphic complexity, wave forcing, currents, and temperature. For example, maximum wave-driven bed shear stress spatially varied on the forereef (15-20 m depth) by over 2 orders of magnitude, peaking in areas exposed to multiple wave regimes. Benthic community composition, quantified via towed-diver imagery collected in a complete circumnavigation of the atoll (similar to 40 km), also exhibited considerable spatial heterogeneity. Benthic competitors showed distinct, non-linear threshold-type responses to variations in physical drivers. For example, at a wave-driven bed shear stress threshold of 18 N m(-2), calcifying crustose coralline algae lost relative dominance and were replaced by non-calcifying fleshy turf algae. Hard coral communities also demonstrated considerable flexibility in response to physical drivers, with distinct shifts in the relative dominance of different growth morphologies along gradients of wave forcing, presumably as a means of local adaptation. Our results highlight (1) the importance of natural gradients in physical drivers in determining dominant benthic regimes on coral reefs (e.g. calcifying vs. fleshy), (2) that non-linear thresholds (or tipping points) exist between key benthic competitors in response to key physical drivers, and (3) that coral assemblages show inherent flexibility and can reorganize in response to physical drivers rather than exhibit wholesale changes in overall cover. C1 [Gove, Jamison M.; Clark, Susan J.; Ehses, Julia S.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Williams, Gareth J.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92083 USA. [McManus, Margaret A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Clark, Susan J.; Ehses, Julia S.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wedding, Lisa M.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Gove, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ecosyst & Oceanog Div, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. EM jamison.gove@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program FX This work was part of an interdisciplinary effort by the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center's Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) to assess, understand, and monitor coral reef ecosystems of the US Pacific. The authors thank Rusty Brainard, Principal Investigator of CRED, for his support of this research. We also thank Oliver Vetter, Chip Young, Noah Pomeroy, Ronald Hoeke, and Daniel Merritt for their invaluable assistance in mooring deployments and data gathering, the CRED tow-board team, and the officers and crew of the NOAA ship Hi'ialakai for logistic support and field assistance. Jeff Sevadjian, Timothy Jones, Casey Wilkinson and Jessica Blakely provided important input related to data analysis, and Alan Friedlander, Jeff Drazen, Craig Smith, and Mark Merrifield provided helpful comments and guidance on this work. Funding for surveys (as part of the Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program, RAMP) was provided by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program. Scripps Institution of Oceanography is a member of the Palmyra Atoll Research Consortium (PARC). This is PARC publication number PARC-0114 NR 68 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 39 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD MAR 2 PY 2015 VL 522 BP 33 EP 48 DI 10.3354/meps11118 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CC9DK UT WOS:000350667800003 ER PT J AU Pradhanang, UB Pradhanang, SM Sthapit, A Krakauer, NY Jha, A Lakhankar, T AF Pradhanang, Upendra B. Pradhanang, Soni M. Sthapit, Arhan Krakauer, Nir Y. Jha, Ajay Lakhankar, Tarendra TI National Livestock Policy of Nepal: Needs and Opportunities SO AGRICULTURE-BASEL LA English DT Review DE livestock policy; federal structure; SWOT; Nepal; livelihood; climate change AB This paper describes Nepal's national livestock policies and considers how they can be improved to help meet the pressing national challenges of economic development, equity, poverty alleviation, gender mainstreaming, inclusion of marginalized and underprivileged communities, and climate vulnerability. Nepal is in the process of transforming its government from a unitary system to a federal democratic structure through the new constitution expected by 2015, offering the opportunity to bring a new set of priorities and stakeholders to policymaking. Nepal's livestock subsector comes most directly within the purview of the National Agricultural Policy 2004, Agro-Business Policy, 2006 and Agricultural Sectoral Operating Policies of the Approach Paper to 13th Plan, 2012/13-2015/16 policy instruments. We systematically review these and other livestock-related national policies through analysis of their Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT). We conclude with the need to formulate a separate, integrated national livestock policy so that Nepal can sustainably increase livestock productivity and achieve diversification, commercialization and competitiveness of the livestock subsector within the changing national and international contexts. C1 [Pradhanang, Upendra B.] Tribhuvan Univ, Fac Management, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal. [Pradhanang, Soni M.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Geosci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Sthapit, Arhan] Tribhuvan Univ, Dept Management, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal. [Krakauer, Nir Y.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Jha, Ajay] Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Coll Agr Sci Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lakhankar, Tarendra] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Pradhanang, SM (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Geosci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM upradhananga@gmail.com; spradhanang@uri.edu; arhansthapit@gmail.com; nkrakauer@ccny.cuny.edu; ajay.jha@colostate.edu; tlakhankar@ccny.cuny.edu RI Lakhankar, Tarendra/F-9490-2011 OI Lakhankar, Tarendra/0000-0002-4759-2141 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND EI 2077-0472 J9 AGRICULTURE-BASEL JI Agriculture-Basel PD MAR PY 2015 VL 5 IS 1 BP 103 EP 131 DI 10.3390/agriculture5010103 PG 29 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA CV4IL UT WOS:000364230300005 ER PT J AU Yu, W An, D Griffith, D Yang, QY Xu, GB AF Yu, Wei An, Don Griffith, David Yang, Qingyu Xu, Guobin TI Towards Statistical Modeling and Machine Learning Based Energy Usage Forecasting in Smart Grid SO APPLIED COMPUTING REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Statistical Modeling Analysis; Energy Usage Forecasting; Machine Learning; Real-world Meter Reading Data; Smart Grid ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; DEMAND RESPONSE; NEURAL-NETWORKS; GENERATION; SYSTEMS; WIND AB Developing effective energy resource management strategies in the smart grid is challenging due to the entities on both the demand and supply sides experiencing numerous fluctuations. In this paper, we address the issue of quantifying uncertainties on the energy demand side. Specifically, we first develop approaches using statistical modeling analysis to derive a statistical distribution of energy usage. We then utilize several machine learning based approaches such as the Support Vector Machines (SVM) and neural networks to carry out accurate forecasting on energy usage. We perform extensive experiments of our proposed approaches using a real-world imeter reading data set. Our experimental data shows that the statistical distribution of meter reading data call be largely approximated with a Gaussian dist ribution and the two SVNI-based machine learning approaches to achieve a high accuracy of forecasting energy usage. Extensions to other smart grid applications (e.g., forecasting energy generation, determining optimal demand response, and anomaly detection of malicious energy usage) are discussed as well.(1) C1 [Yu, Wei; Xu, Guobin] Towson Univ, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [An, Don; Yang, Qingyu] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Automat Sci & Technol, Xian 710049, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Yang, Qingyu] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Elect & Informat Engn, Xian 710049, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Yang, Qingyu] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Mfg Syst Engn, Xian 710049, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Griffith, David] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yu, W (reprint author), Towson Univ, Towson, MD 21252 USA. EM wyu@towson.edu; adkaka.an@gmail.com; david.griffith@nist.gov; yangqingyu@mail.xjtu.edu.cn; gxu2@students.towson.edu NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 1559-6915 J9 APPL COMPUT REV JI Appl. Comput. Rev. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 15 IS 1 BP 6 EP 16 DI 10.1145/2663761.2663768 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA CR3NW UT WOS:000361240900002 ER PT J AU Comarazamy, DE Gonzalez, JE Luvall, JC AF Comarazamy, Daniel E. Gonzalez, Jorge E. Luvall, Jeffrey C. TI Quantification and mitigation of long-term impacts of urbanization and climate change in the tropical coastal city of San Juan, Puerto Rico SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LOW-CARBON TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE urbanization; remote sensing; mitigation; global warming ID URBAN HEAT-ISLAND; LAND-USE CHANGE; MONTANE CLOUD FORESTS; LOWLAND DEFORESTATION; MEXICO-CITY; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATION; STORAGE; MODEL; TEMPERATURES AB Urbanization, along with other cases of land cover and land use changes, has significant climate impacts in tropical regions with the added complexity of occurring within the context of global warming (GW). The individual and combined effects of these two factors on the surface energy balance of a tropical city are investigated by the use of an integrated atmospheric modeling approach, taking the San Juan Metropolitan Area (SJMA), Puerto Rico, as the test case. To achieve this goal, an ensemble of climate and weather simulations is performed, with climate scenarios combining urban development and sprawl with regional climate change over the past 50 years and the short-term simulations designed to test the sensitivity to different urban vegetation configurations as mitigating alternatives. As indicator of change, we use the thermal response number (TRN), which is a measure of the sensible heating to the thermal storage of a surface or region, and the Bowen ratio, which is defined as the ratio of sensible to latent heat fluxes. The TRN of the area occupied by the SJMA has decreased as a consequence of replacing the lowland coastal plain vegetation with man-made materials, indicating that it takes less energy to raise the surface temperature of the urban area, whereas the TRN of forested regions has remained virtually unchanged. The GW signal also has effects on the thermal response of the SJMA, where dryer current conditions generate lower TRN values. Differences owing to GW are more evident in the Bowen ratio pattern, mostly associated with the drier present conditions observed and its effects on sensible and latent heat fluxes. In terms of testing different mitigation strategies, the short-term simulations show that the urban area is more efficient in partitioning surface energy balance terms when green roofs are specified, as opposed to including vegetation inside the urban core. C1 [Comarazamy, Daniel E.; Gonzalez, Jorge E.] CUNY, NOAA CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Gonzalez, Jorge E.] CUNY, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Luvall, Jeffrey C.] NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Global Hydrol & Climate Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Gonzalez, JE (reprint author), CUNY, NOAA CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM gonzalez@me.ccny.cuny.edu NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1748-1317 EI 1748-1325 J9 INT J LOW-CARBON TEC PD MAR PY 2015 VL 10 IS 1 SI SI BP 87 EP 97 DI 10.1093/ijlct/ctt059 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA CP4NM UT WOS:000359859000008 ER PT J AU Naoi, TA Paik, H Green, ML van Dover, RB AF Naoi, T. A. Paik, Hanjong Green, M. L. van Dover, R. B. TI Dielectric properties of amorphous Zr-Al-O and Zr-Si-O thin films SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED DIELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE Permitivitty; amorphous; zirconia ID GATE DIELECTRICS; ZIRCONIA; PHASE; SILICATES; CONSTANTS; OXIDES; SYSTEM; MODEL AB We have systematically studied the composition dependence of the dielectric properties of Zr1-xAlxO2-x/2 and Zr1-xSixO2. An essentially linear variation of the static dielectric constant, epsilon(s), was observed as a function of composition, x, for compositions rich in the p-block element, i.e., x > 0.4, for both chemical systems. However an abrupt change in epsilon(s) is found near x approximate to 0.35, associated with the onset of crystallinity in as-deposited films. Breakdown fields do not show a comparable composition dependence. Measurements of the index of refraction at optical frequencies, combined with a simple Clausius-Mossotti interpretation, indicates that low-frequency (ionic) contributions to the polarizability exhibit systematic deviation with respect to values linearly interpolated from the endmembers. These trends are not consistently affected by the presence of crystalline order, but are related to changes associated with heterogeneous local oxygen coordination and bonding. C1 [Naoi, T. A.; Paik, Hanjong; van Dover, R. B.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Green, M. L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Naoi, TA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM vandover@cornell.edu NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 2010-135X EI 2010-1368 J9 J ADV DIELECTR JI J. Adv. Dielectr. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 5 IS 1 AR 1550010 DI 10.1142/S2010135X15500101 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CP5TL UT WOS:000359947400010 ER PT J AU Jarret, M Jordan, SP AF Jarret, Michael Jordan, Stephen P. TI ADIABATIC OPTIMIZATION WITHOUT LOCAL MINIMA SO QUANTUM INFORMATION & COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE quantum adiabatic optimization; eigenvalue gap ID QUANTUM COMPUTATION; INEQUALITIES; COMPLEXITY AB Several previous works have investigated the circumstances under which quantum adiabatic optimization algorithms can tunnel out of local energy minima that trap simulated annealing or other classical local search algorithms. Here we investigate the even more basic question of whether adiabatic optimization algorithms always succeed in polynomial time for trivial optimization problems in which there are no local energy minima other than the global minimum. Surprisingly, we find a counterexample in which the potential is a single basin on a graph, but the eigenvalue gap is exponentially small as a function of the number of vertices. In this counterexample, the ground state wavefunction consists of two "lobes" separated by a region of exponentially small amplitude. Conversely, we prove if the ground state wavefunction is single-peaked then the eigenvalue gap scales at worst as one over the square of the number of vertices. C1 [Jarret, Michael] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jordan, Stephen P.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jarret, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mjarret@umd.edu; stephen.jordan@nist.gov OI Jarret, Michael/0000-0003-4061-3509 FU center for Quantum Information and Computer Science (QuICS) FX We thank Amanda Streib, Noah Strieb, and Alexey Gorshkov for useful conversations. Portions of this paper are a contribution of NIST, an agency of the US government, and are not subject to US copyright. This work was supported in part by the center for Quantum Information and Computer Science (QuICS). NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PARAMUS PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PARAMUS, NJ 07652 USA SN 1533-7146 J9 QUANTUM INF COMPUT JI Quantum Inform. Comput. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 15 IS 3-4 BP 181 EP 199 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA CN1OE UT WOS:000358188500001 ER PT J AU Spinrad, R AF Spinrad, Richard TI National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: A Lot More Than Your Nickel's Worth SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Spinrad, R (reprint author), NOAA, Washington, DC 20230 USA. EM rick.spinrad@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 49 IS 2 BP 8 EP 9 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA CI9BD UT WOS:000355064500002 ER PT J AU Bamford, HA Kavanagh, C AF Bamford, Holly A. Kavanagh, Carol TI The National Ocean Service: Positioning America for the Future SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE NOAA; coastal resilience; ocean observing; data collection AB The National Ocean Service (NOS), a line office of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), is the nation's ocean and coastal agency. Our activities span a broad range that includes charting our nation's coastline; defining the National Spatial Reference System; providing the national network of coastal tide and water level sensors; serving as the lead federal agency of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System; administering the Coastal Zone Management Program; providing the scientific foundation and socioeconomic information to local, state, and regional decision makers to adapt to the impacts of coastal hazards and climate change; serving as the authoritative resource for science related to debris, oil, and chemical spills; managing marine sanctuaries; and supporting the management of estuarine research reserves, coral reefs, and marine protected areas. Today, our coasts and coastal communities face increasingly significant impacts of higher intensity coastal storms; changing sea levels and Great Lakes levels; increased coastal development; increased demand on natural resources and infrastructure; and increased demands on our marine transportation system. In response to these issues, NOS aligns its activities along three priorities: (1) supporting coastal resilience; (2) advancing coastal intelligence; and (3) promoting place-based conservation. NOS relies on coastal observations and data products to carry out our mission. Characteristics of future coastal observations include lower cost coupled with greater efficiency, diverse platforms, multiuse data collection, and crowdsourcing. Data products will need to be increasingly geographically tailored; result from a greater degree of coordination and integration; and result in greater data access. C1 [Bamford, Holly A.; Kavanagh, Carol] Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bamford, HA (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, 1305 East West Highway,Routing Code N, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM holly.bamford@noaa.gov; carol.kavanagh@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 17 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 49 IS 2 BP 10 EP 22 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA CI9BD UT WOS:000355064500003 ER PT J AU May, R Soroka, D Presnell, W Garcia, B AF May, Richard Soroka, David Presnell, Wayne Garcia, Brian TI Marine Weather Forecasting in the National Weather Service SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE National Weather Service; marine forecast; history; satellite; computer AB According to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) official economic statitics, over half of the U.S. population lives within 50 miles of the coast. At sea maritime commerce has tripled since about 1960-2010. The National Weather Service (NWS) Marine Program has a mission to provide marine forecasts and warnings for the U.S. coastal waters and Great Lakes, off shore and high seas portions of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean and for a portion of the Arctic Ocean (north of Alaska). This information helps protect people and their property while on our nation's waters. Weather and ocean data are critical to the mariner. This is due to a combination of hazards-such as strong wind and large waves-and the fact that the mariner is often isolated. When in peril, resuce of these vessels may be hours or days in coming. Not having accurate and timely weather information and the knowledge to properly apply it increases risk to mariners and their vessels. In coastal areas, NWS provides vital services and products to inform and protect residents, businesses, tourists, and others from hazardous weather and surf conditions. Typically in the coastal community, rip currents and inundation caused by storms and unusually high tides are the primary focus. Techniques of marine forecasting have come a long way, bringing us into the modern era of marine observations via satellite, radar, and buoys and forecasting using sophisticated computer programs. The role of marine weather forecasters worldwide is a comples one and will continue to change in response to evoling technology and user requirements. C1 [May, Richard; Soroka, David; Presnell, Wayne; Garcia, Brian] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP May, R (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM richard.may@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 49 IS 2 BP 37 EP 48 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA CI9BD UT WOS:000355064500005 ER PT J AU Merrick, R AF Merrick, Richard TI Science in Support of Sound Policy: How NOAA Fisheries Uses Technology to Balance the Use and Conservation of Living Marine Resources SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Merrick, R (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway,SSMC 3,14th Floor, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM rich.press@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 49 IS 2 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA CI9BD UT WOS:000355064500007 ER PT J AU Chu, DZ Jech, JM Tomich, SD Hufnagle, LC AF Chu, Dezhang Jech, J. Michael Tomich, Stan D. Hufnagle, Lawrence C., Jr. TI A High-Resolution Acoustic Imaging System to Map Interior Fish Morphology SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acoustic image; attenuation; acoustic array; swimbladder; morphology ID HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; ATLANTIC MACKEREL; SWIMBLADDER; BACKSCATTER; SCATTERING; GAS AB An acoustic imaging microtome system (AIMS) was constructed to map the internal structure of fish. The system consists of two pairs of high-frequency (4.5 MHz) transmit-and-receive planar arrays, with one pair in the vertical plane and the other in the horizontal plane. AIMS provides a series of acoustic images, analogous to microtome slices, along the length of a fish by combining electronically controlled sequential acoustic transmissions and receptions over 224 channels and a computer-controlled mechanical device that moves the acoustic arrays lengthwise along the fish. AIMS measures the acoustic attenuation (extinction) along the direct ray paths of each transmit-receive channel pair that penetrates the fish body in a bistatic configuration. This results in a 2-D image of the interior morphology with 4- to 5-mm resolution. The images can provide morphological information on the fish's cheekbone, backbone, rib bone, skull, fins, stomach, and swimbladder, which is important for accurately modeling fish acoustic target strength, especially for non-swimbladder-bearing fish species. C1 [Chu, Dezhang; Jech, J. Michael; Tomich, Stan D.; Hufnagle, Lawrence C., Jr.] NOAA, NMFS, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Chu, DZ (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM dezhang.chu@noaa.gov FU Office of Science and Technology of the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service FX This work was funded by the Office of Science and Technology of the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service. The authors would like to thank Harold Barnett of NWFSC for providing the fish specimen and John Pohl and Steve K. de Blois of the NWFSC for their assistance in conducting the experiments. Discussions with and comments from Drs. Sandy Parker-Stetter (University of Washington) and Carrie Wall from NOAA National Geophysical Data Center (University of Colorado at Boulder) were very helpful. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 49 IS 2 BP 59 EP 69 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA CI9BD UT WOS:000355064500008 ER PT J AU Van Parijs, SM Baumgartner, M Cholevviak, D Davis, G Gedamke, J Gerlach, D Haver, S Hatch, J Hatch, L Hotchkin, C Izzi, A Klinck, H Matzen, E Risch, D Silber, GK Thompson, M AF Van Parijs, Sofie M. Baumgartner, Mark Cholevviak, Danielle Davis, Genevieve Gedamke, Jason Gerlach, Dana Haver, Samara Hatch, Joshua Hatch, Leila Hotchkin, Cara Izzi, Annamaria Klinck, Holger Matzen, Eric Risch, Denise Silber, Gregory K. Thompson, Michael TI NEPAN: A US Northeast Passive Acoustic Sensing Network for Monitoring, Reducing Threats and the Conservation of Marine Animals SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE passive acoustic recorders; autonomous vehicles; monitoring; mitigation; reducing threats ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALE; LOW-FREQUENCY WHALE; COD GADUS-MORHUA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; EUBALAENA-GLACIALIS; SEASONAL OCCURRENCE; HUMPBACK WHALE; OCEAN GLIDERS AB The US Northeast Passive Acoustic Sensing Network is composed of numerous passive acoustic recorders that provide archived and near real time data on acoustically active marine mammals and fish species. It currently stretches from the northern Gulf of Maine into the New York Bight within the northwest Atlantic Ocean. The recorders include moored units that are entirely subsurface and archive audio, units with real-time reporting capabilities via surface buoys, and autonomous vehicles or 'gliders'. Data derived from NEPAN will provide long-term year-round information on the presence and spatial distribution of vocal mysticetes and odontocetes, as well as fish. These data will be used to address critical conservation and management needs as well as to reduce threats from anthropogenic activities. Currently, NEPAN will operate from 2014 until late 2017. This listening network is an example of how collaborative scientific efforts and financial investment across many federal agencies can produce a novel far-reaching solution to current scientific information gaps. In this manuscript, we lay out our vision for the future and provide details on the technologies and applications currently used in NEPAN. Furthermore, we present a road map that includes expanding the range of NEPAN throughout the Western North Atlantic Ocean, detecting more species and addressing an even more diverse range of management and conservation applications. However, the reality remains that the continued operation and/or expansion of this type of 'listening network' will only be possible in the long term with clear and direct support from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). C1 [Van Parijs, Sofie M.; Cholevviak, Danielle; Davis, Genevieve; Gerlach, Dana; Haver, Samara; Hatch, Joshua; Izzi, Annamaria; Matzen, Eric] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Baumgartner, Mark] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Gedamke, Jason] NOAA, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Haver, Samara] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR USA. [Hatch, Leila; Thompson, Michael] NOAA, Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Scituate, MA USA. [Hotchkin, Cara] Naval Facil Engn Command Atlantic, Norfolk, VA USA. [Klinck, Holger] Cornell Univ, Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Klinck, Holger] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Klinck, Holger] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Risch, Denise] Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Oban, Argyll, Scotland. [Silber, Gregory K.] NOAA, Off Protected Resources, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Spring, MD USA. RP Van Parijs, SM (reprint author), NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM sofie.vanparijs@noaa.gov FU U.S. Department of Defense; U.S. Department of Energy; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); Department of Defense's Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP); U.S. Navy's Living Marine Resources program (LMR); Naval Operations Energy and Environmental Readiness Division (N45); NOAA Ocean Acoustics Program; NOAA Office of Protected Resources FX Recognition is growing in U.S. regional and federal governments that passive acoustic research is a vital component of future management strategies and directions. However, even though NOAA has clear directives to recover depleted species direct investment in passive acoustic research and infrastructure from NOAA is lacking, as no base funding exists for these efforts. The funding that supports the work mentioned in this manuscript comes from a variety of competitive research grants, various programs within the U.S. Department of Defense and the U.S. Department of Energy, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), the Department of Defense's Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP), the U.S. Navy's Living Marine Resources program (LMR) and the Naval Operations Energy and Environmental Readiness Division (N45), with some funding provided by the NOAA Ocean Acoustics Program and the NOAA Office of Protected Resources (Table 2). NR 85 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 17 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 49 IS 2 BP 70 EP 86 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA CI9BD UT WOS:000355064500009 ER PT J AU Demer, DA Cutter, GR Stierhoff, KL Renfree, JS AF Demer, David A. Cutter, George Randall, Jr. Stierhoff, Kevin L. Renfree, Josiah S. TI Two-Million-Liter Tank Expands the Boundaries of Marine Technology Innovation: National Resource Available for Advancing Marine Science SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE marine; research; development; acoustic; optical ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT ECOSYSTEM; SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; ANTARCTIC KRILL; FISHERIES ACOUSTICS; RESEARCH VESSELS; PELAGIC FISH; ABUNDANCE; PACIFIC; CLASSIFICATION; BACKSCATTERING AB With one small move across a street, NOAA Fisheries, our nation's steward of marine ecosystems, made a giant leap into the future of ocean science and technology development. The new Southwest Fisheries Science Center facility in La Jolla, California, houses dozens of interdisciplinary research and engineering groups and features a world-class Ocean Technology Development Tank that expands the possibilities for advancing marine industry and science. This 20 x 10 x 10-meter, two-million-liter, freshwater or seawater Tech Tank is clear, quiet, and large enough to calibrate and test a wide variety of sensitive instruments with minimal boundary effects. The tank's temperature, salinity, and circulation can be made to mimic the broad range of water conditions encountered in the field, its water conditioning system greatly mitigates microbubbles and turbidity, and it can accommodate live marine animals. This unique combination of features opens doors to efficient engineering and scientific experimentation. The Tech Tank, supported by scientists and engineers and co-located with other state-of-the-art laboratory facilities, is a unique national resource for marine research and development and a catalyst for government, academic, and industry partnerships. The broad range of new possibilities is exemplified by multiple recent collaborative developments of acoustic and optical sensors and sensor platforms that effectively expand the boundaries of oceanic sampling, particularly near the sea surface, seabed, and seashore, to more efficiently and accurately monitor large marine ecosystems. C1 [Demer, David A.; Cutter, George Randall, Jr.; Stierhoff, Kevin L.] Adv Survey Technol Grp, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Demer, DA (reprint author), Adv Survey Technol Grp, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM david.demer@noaa.gov RI Stierhoff, Kevin/A-7624-2013 OI Stierhoff, Kevin/0000-0002-3058-0312 NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 49 IS 2 BP 87 EP 98 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA CI9BD UT WOS:000355064500010 ER PT J AU Sigler, M DeMaster, D Boveng, P Cameron, M Moreland, E Williams, K Towler, R AF Sigler, Mike DeMaster, Doug Boveng, Peter Cameron, Michael Moreland, Erin Williams, Kresimir Towler, Rick TI Advances in Methods for Marine Mammal and Fish Stock Assessments: Thermal Imagery and CamTrawl SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Arctic; survey; thermal imaging; underwater camera; ice seals ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM; NORTHERN; CHUKCHI AB National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has adopted an integrated ecosystem research approach to understand climate effects on fish, seabirds, and marine mammals in the Arctic. The integrated ecosystem approach combines traditional oceanography, fisheries, and mammal research techniques to improve scientific understanding of how ecosystems function as a whole. Innovative technologies are being developed to aid in this effort. Two new technologies that NOAA deploys in the Arctic are an advanced thermal imaging technology used to survey ice seal abundance and a high-resolution, nonlethal technology, which integrates cameras and trawls to sample pelagic fishes (CamTrawl). The ice seal surveys relied on thermal imagery to detect warm seal bodies hauled out on cold sea ice. Compared to observer-based surveys, thermal detection surveys require fewer personnel and less postsurvey processing time, can be flown at a higher altitude (reducing disturbance of seals), and yield higher rates of seal detection. The CamTrawl is a self-contained stereo-camera system fitted to the aft end of a trawl at the cod end (i.e., capture bag), which can be left open. By integrating a camera system in the aft portion of a trawl, the CamTrawl concentrates marine organisms and presents this captive group to the cameras without having to recover them for onboard counting, as is done in traditional trawl tows. Compared to traditional survey methods, the CamTrawl more precisely places marine organisms spatially in their environment, which is useful because of small-scale variation in the composition and distribution of fish schools. C1 [Sigler, Mike; DeMaster, Doug] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK USA. [Boveng, Peter; Cameron, Michael; Moreland, Erin; Williams, Kresimir; Towler, Rick] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Sigler, M (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Mike.Sigler@noaa.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 12 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 49 IS 2 BP 99 EP 106 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA CI9BD UT WOS:000355064500011 ER PT J AU Cartwright, J Varner, J McLean, S AF Cartwright, John Varner, Jesse McLean, Susan TI Data Stewardship: How NOAA Delivers Environmental Information for Today and Tomorrow SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE data stewardship; Web services; Web applications; data reuse AB National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) ensures the security and widespread availability of scientific marine geophysical data through long-term stewardship. Marine geophysical data extend from the water surface, through the water column, to the seafloor and even the geology beneath. In addition to ensuring the quality, integrity, and accessibility of these data, NGDC develops derived products such as precise representations of Earth's magnetic field and digital elevation models for coastal and marine areas. NOAA and our partners expend significant resources to survey our coasts and oceans. In order to maximize the return on this investment, the data must be easily discoverable and readily accessible by numerous users and applications now and well into the future. To meet these goals, NGDC is drawing on a variety of software technologies and is strictly adhering to international data standards. The result is a geospatial framework built on spatially enabled databases, standard-based Web services, and International Standards Organization (ISO) metadata. NGDC's suite of tools and services delivers over 40 TB of marine geophysical data each year to a wide range of customers. By making the data more accessible to both human and machine clients, NGDC extends the use of, and therefore the value of, these data. The result is environmental information that enables informed decisions. C1 [Cartwright, John; McLean, Susan] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Varner, Jesse] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cartwright, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, 325 Broadway,E GC4, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM john.c.cartwright@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 49 IS 2 BP 107 EP 111 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA CI9BD UT WOS:000355064500012 ER PT J AU Piotrowicz, SR Legler, DM AF Piotrowicz, Stephen R. Legler, David M. TI The In situ Global Ocean Observing System for Climate (and Other Needs) SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ocean observing system; ocean climate observing system; Global Ocean Observing System AB The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) is the international observation system that ensures long-term sustained ocean observations. The ocean equivalent of the atmospheric observing system supporting weather forecasting, GOOS, was originally developed to provide data for weather and climate applications. Today, GOOS data are used for all aspects of ocean management as well as weather and climate research and forecasting. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), through the Climate Observation Division of the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research/Climate Program Office, is a major supporter of the climate component of GOOS. This paper describes the eight elements of GOOS, and the Arctic Observing Network, to which the Climate Observation Division is a major contributor. In addition, the paper addresses the evolution of the observing system as rapidly evolving new capabilities in sensors, platforms, and telecommunications allow observations at unprecedented temporal and spatial scales with the accuracy and precision required to address questions of climate variability and change. C1 [Piotrowicz, Stephen R.; Legler, David M.] NOAA, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Climate Program Off, Climate Observat Div, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Piotrowicz, SR (reprint author), NOAA, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Climate Program Off, Climate Observat Div, 1100 Wayne Ave,Suite 1202, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM steve.piotrowicz@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 49 IS 2 BP 112 EP 121 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA CI9BD UT WOS:000355064500013 ER PT J AU Edwing, R Teng, CC Heitsenrether, R AF Edwing, Richard Teng, Chung-Chu Heitsenrether, Robert TI Technology Developments in NOAA's Real-Time Coastal Observing Systems SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE National Water Level Observation Network (NWLON); Physical Oceanographic Real-Time System (PORTS); water level measurement; ocean current measurement; ocean observing system ID WATER-LEVEL AB The critical need for real-time coastal oceanographic and meteorological measurements to support maritime forecasters, emergency managers, pilots, vessel operators, port authorities, coastal planners, and many other decision makers has rapidly grown, along with the variety of scientific research applications that rely on resulting long-term data records. To support the needs for such observations, the National Ocean Service Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS) continues to maintain and develop the National Water Level Observation Network (NWLON) and Physical Oceanographic Real-Time Systems (PORTS (R)). Together, these networks consist of over 300 long-term, real-time observatories distributed across the nation's coasts. In situ data measured and disseminated in real time from NWLON and PORTS stations include water levels, ocean currents, waves, water temperature, conductivity, bridge clearance, visibility, and several meteorological parameters. CO-OPS invests heavily in analysis of emerging technologies to identify potential improvements in data quality and operating efficiency and to ensure that the evolving needs of its diverse user community are continuously met. Recent enhancements to the CO-OPS network include the transition to microwave radar water level sensors to increase accuracy and simplify installation and maintenance requirements; development and testing of nearshore wave measurement systems; development of standalone, bottom-mounted water level gauges for applications in remote Arctic areas; and expanding data communication capabilities to improve usage of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites and to broaden use of the Iridium satellite system. An overview of the latest design features of typical CO-OPS real-time stations is presented, along with highlights of recent system developments and enhancements. C1 [Edwing, Richard; Teng, Chung-Chu; Heitsenrether, Robert] NOAA, CO OPS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Edwing, R (reprint author), NOAA, CO OPS, SSMC4,1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Richard.Edwing@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 7 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 49 IS 2 BP 122 EP 137 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA CI9BD UT WOS:000355064500014 ER PT J AU Gorell, F AF Gorell, Fred TI Technology Sails With NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer to Explore and Better Understand Our Ocean World SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Off Ocean Explorat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Gorell, F (reprint author), NOAA, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Off Ocean Explorat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 49 IS 2 BP 138 EP 144 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA CI9BD UT WOS:000355064500015 ER PT J AU Jacobs, T Jacobi, M Rogers, M Adams, J Coffey, J Walker, J Johnston, B AF Jacobs, Todd Jacobi, Michelle Rogers, Mark Adams, Jeremy Coffey, John JC Walker, John Johnston, Bob TI Testing and Evaluating Low Altitude Unmanned Aircraft System Technology for Maritime Domain Awareness and Oil Spill Response in the Arctic SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE UAS; unmanned; Arctic; Coast Guard; oil spill AB National and international policies and treaties require the protection and exploration of the Arctic. The maritime services play a primary role in pursuing responsible Arctic stewardship by protecting the environment and the personnel conducting operations and research in this harsh environment. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is an important partner to the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) in hazard response and mitigation (including oil spills and search and rescue). During Arctic Shield exercises, as part of the USCG Research and Development Center's Arctic Technology Evaluation, manned and unmanned systems including the AeroVironment Puma (TM) All Environment (AE) (Puma) Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS), were used to provide real-time information for maritime domain awareness and oil spill response in the Arctic. Real-time information distribution and maritime domain awareness are critical to prepare for and respond to potential environmental disasters in the Arctic. Additionally, the Puma was assessed for shipboard operations capabilities, Arctic air space coordination, deconfliction and safety issues, and real-time data visualization through the Arctic Environmental Response Management Application (R) as part of a larger data management plan. The results are provided from the successful Puma testing during the Arctic Shield 2013 and 2014 exercises aboard the USCG Cutter (USCGC; Icebreaker) Healy. An overview of these operations is given with recommendations for future testing and technology assessments of small UAS platforms for Arctic shipboard operational deployments. These findings are put into context for utilization in the field to support operations and decision making in the case of a real oil spill in the Arctic region. C1 [Jacobs, Todd] NOAA, Santa Barbara, CA 93103 USA. [Jacobi, Michelle] NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Assessment & Restorat Div, Seattle, WA USA. [Rogers, Mark] NOAA, AOC, MacDill AFB, FL USA. [Adams, Jeremy] NOAA, Liaison US States Coast Guard, Washington, DC USA. [Coffey, John JC; Walker, John] Cherokee Nation Technol Inc, NOAA, UAS Program Off, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Johnston, Bob] Aero Vironment Inc, Monrovia, CA USA. RP Jacobs, T (reprint author), NOAA, Santa Barbara, CA 93103 USA. FU NOAA UAS Program FX We would like to thank Captain John Reeves and the crew of USCGC Healy for their professionalism in providing logistical support as well as for their hospitality in a very challenging and inhospitable Arctic environment, Chief Scientist Rich Hansen of the USCG RDC for his support and coolheaded decision making under pressure, and Ms. Robbie Hood, Director of the NOAA UAS Program for funding this project. Captain Philip Hall and OMAO assisted with aircraft safety reviews. We would also like to acknowledge the hard work and dedication of the USCG RDC; the USCG Office of Aviation Forces; the NOAA UAS Program; the NOAA Office of Marine and Aviation Operations; the NOAA National Ocean Service; ORR, the NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service; OSRI; IGM; and AeroVironment Inc., without which this mission would not have been successful. Finally, we appreciate the efforts of ONR, the U.S. Air Force's A2, UAF, and Tulugaq's Fairweather LLC for spearheading the multi-mission collaboration and deconfliction. Administrative and contract support was provided by the NOAA Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 12 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 49 IS 2 BP 145 EP 150 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA CI9BD UT WOS:000355064500016 ER PT J AU Glang, G Smith, S Forsythe, D AF Glang, Gerd Smith, Shepard Forsythe, Dawn TI NOAA Harnesses Digital Technology to Improve Navigational Intelligence SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Glang, Gerd; Smith, Shepard; Forsythe, Dawn] NOAA, Off Coast Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Glang, G (reprint author), NOAA, Off Coast Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM director.ocs@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 49 IS 2 BP 159 EP 166 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA CI9BD UT WOS:000355064500018 ER PT J AU Perez, RC Baringer, MO Dong, SF Garzoli, SL Goes, M Goni, GJ Lumpkin, R Meinen, CS Msadek, R Rivero, U AF Perez, Renellys C. Baringer, Molly O. Dong, Shenfu Garzoli, Silvia L. Goes, Marlos Goni, Gustavo J. Lumpkin, Rick Meinen, Christopher S. Msadek, Rym Rivero, Ulises TI Measuring the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Ocean; meridional overturning circulation; observational systems; technological advances ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SOUTH ATLANTIC; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; HEAT-TRANSPORT; GLOBAL HEAT; CLIMATE; 26.5-DEGREES-N; BUDGETS; ARRAY; GFDL AB The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) plays a crucial role in redistributing heat and salt throughout the global oceans. Achieving a more complete understanding of the behavior of the AMOC system requires a comprehensive observational network that spans the entire Atlantic basin. This article describes several different types of observational systems that are used by scientists of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration and their partners at other national and international institutions to study the complex nature of the AMOC. The article also highlights several emerging technologies that will aid AMOC studies in the future. C1 [Perez, Renellys C.; Dong, Shenfu; Garzoli, Silvia L.; Goes, Marlos] Univ Miami, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Baringer, Molly O.; Goni, Gustavo J.; Lumpkin, Rick; Meinen, Christopher S.; Rivero, Ulises] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Msadek, Rym] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Perez, RC (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Renellys.C.Perez@noaa.gov RI Perez, Renellys/D-1976-2012; Goes, Marlos/B-4273-2011; Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012; Dong, Shenfu/I-4435-2013; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012; Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009; Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012; Garzoli, Silvia/A-3556-2010 OI Perez, Renellys/0000-0002-4401-3853; Goes, Marlos/0000-0001-5874-8079; Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002; Dong, Shenfu/0000-0001-8247-8072; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194; Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704; Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170; Garzoli, Silvia/0000-0003-3553-2253 FU NOAA; NOAA's Climate Program Office; NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) FX The AMOC observations discussed in this article are funded by NOAA and many other U.S. and international funding agencies. AMOC observations by their nature require the cooperation and collaboration of researchers from many institutions and nations. Without these multinational partnerships, trans-basin AMOC measurements and cruises would not be possible. Funding for the authors of this manuscript was provided by NOAA's Climate Program Office, NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), and the University of Miami/NOAA Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies. The authors wish to thank Libby Johns, Gregory Foltz, and the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on earlier drafts of the paper, and Grant Rawson, Pedro Pena, and Zachary Barton for preparing some of the graphics used in the paper. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 49 IS 2 BP 167 EP 177 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA CI9BD UT WOS:000355064500019 ER PT J AU Basta, DJ LaFeir, L Gittings, S Broughton, K Casserley, T Chetirkin, P Delgado, J DeVogelaere, A Green, R Hickerson, E Hoyt, J Lawrence, M Lillestolen, T Pickett, M Reyer, T Rohmann, S Schmahl, G Thompson, K Wiley, D Wilkes, D AF Basta, Daniel J. LaFeir, Letise Gittings, Stephen Broughton, Kathy Casserley, Tane Chetirkin, Paul Delgado, James DeVogelaere, Andrew Green, Russ Hickerson, Emma Hoyt, Joseph Lawrence, Matthew Lillestolen, Ted Pickett, Matt Reyer, Tony Rohmann, Steve Schmahl, George Thompson, Kate Wiley, David Wilkes, Dana TI Technology Use in NOAA's National Marine Sanctuary System SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE marine sanctuaries; remote sensing; ocean observing; partnerships; resources protection AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries employs constantly evolving marine technologies to meet its requirements for observing and tracking changing ocean conditions and resource qualities. Vessels, submersibles, and a host of unmanned platforms, including satellites, buoys, remotely operated vehicles, and in-water instrument arrays, are providing information that helps us better understand and manage activities that affect the ocean, Great Lakes, and adjacent coasts. Platforms and sensors track animals and ship traffic, send alerts to at-sea operators, map the seabed and its natural and archaeological resources, track spills, sample water, and define ocean soundscapes. Technologies are also employed to support complex diving operations, record marine life, document shipwrecks, log data, produce map products, and broadcast live feeds to the world. The sanctuaries frequently work with commercial, federal, academic, and nonprofit partners to focus a broad range of observing assets on the many issues of concern to marine conservation and protection. C1 [Basta, Daniel J.; LaFeir, Letise; Gittings, Stephen; Broughton, Kathy; Casserley, Tane; Chetirkin, Paul; Delgado, James; DeVogelaere, Andrew; Green, Russ; Hickerson, Emma; Hoyt, Joseph; Lawrence, Matthew; Lillestolen, Ted; Pickett, Matt; Reyer, Tony; Rohmann, Steve; Schmahl, George; Thompson, Kate; Wiley, David; Wilkes, Dana] NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Basta, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, 1305 East West Highway,SSMC 4,11th Floor, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM dan.basta@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 49 IS 2 BP 178 EP 192 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA CI9BD UT WOS:000355064500020 ER PT J AU Allen, AL Brown, CW Lewitus, AJ Sandifer, PA AF Allen, Allison L. Brown, Christopher W. Lewitus, Alan J. Sandifer, Paul A. TI The Roles of Emerging Technology and Modeling Techniques in Operational Ecological Forecasting at NOAA SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ecological forecasting; harmful algal blooms; modeling; observing systems; transition to operations ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; HUMAN HEALTH; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; BROWN SHRIMP; HYPOXIA; HISTORY AB National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is uniquely positioned to apply its considerable forecasting capabilities and experience toward predicting the response of ecosystems and their components to environmental changes. With the recent frequency and severity of episodic ecosystem events and the associated increase in public awareness and concern, never has the demand for such forecasts been higher. NOAA has established an Ecological Forecasting Roadmap to coordinate and apply its expertise, capacity, and partnerships to advance the field of ecological forecasting and increase the quantity and quality of timely and actionable information available to resource managers, emergency responders, and health officials, so that whenever possible, preventative or mitigating measures may be taken. Establishing a national ecological forecasting capacity with regionally tailored approaches requires cutting-edge observing systems and modeling techniques. This paper outlines some of the specific areas in which emerging technology is critically important to understanding ecosystem changes and enabling ecological forecasting. C1 [Allen, Allison L.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Brown, Christopher W.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res Natl Environm Satell, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD USA. [Brown, Christopher W.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. [Lewitus, Alan J.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Sandifer, Paul A.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC USA. [Sandifer, Paul A.] Coll Charleston, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. RP Allen, AL (reprint author), Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, 1305 East West Highway,SSMC4, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Allison.Allen@noaa.gov RI Brown, Christopher/B-8213-2008 OI Brown, Christopher/0000-0002-9905-6391 NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 49 IS 2 BP 193 EP 203 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA CI9BD UT WOS:000355064500021 ER PT J AU Eakins, BW Bohan, ML Armstrong, AA Westington, M Jencks, J Lim, E McLean, SJ Warnken, RR AF Eakins, Barry W. Bohan, Margot L. Armstrong, Andrew A. Westington, Meredith Jencks, Jennifer Lim, Elliot McLean, Susan J. Warnken, Robin R. TI NOAA's Role in Defining the US Extended Continental Shelf SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Law of the Sea; maritime zones; coastal baselines; seafloor mapping; data stewardship ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; RIDGE AB The legal continental shelf is a maritime zone that typically goes out to 200 nautical miles from shore. It may, however, be extended beyond 200 nautical miles, based in part on the morphology of the continental margin. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea sets forth the requirements for how coastal countries can legally define such an extended continental shelf (ECS), within which they may manage the natural resources on and below the seabed. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), along with the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Department of State, is working to map, analyze, and define the seaward extent of the U.S. ECS. New advances in maritime technologies, such as improved multibeam echosounders, and associated visualization and analysis software aid in this effort by enabling project scientists to better understand seafloor geomorphology and interpret local and regional geologic processes. Marine geophysical data collected during this project are publicly available, benefiting the broader scientific community and public through timely data access and long-term preservation. To date, NOAA has led more than 30 high-resolution surveys and mapped more than 2 million square kilometers of sea floor in support of the U.S. ECS effort. New discoveries have been made during these surveys, and the data have contributed to better understanding of the morphology and geology of the U.S. continental margins. C1 [Eakins, Barry W.; Jencks, Jennifer; Lim, Elliot] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bohan, Margot L.] NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Armstrong, Andrew A.] NOAA, NOS, Off Coast Survey, Durham, NH USA. [McLean, Susan J.; Warnken, Robin R.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, NESDIS, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Eakins, BW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, 325 Broadway,E-GC3, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM barry.eakins@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 49 IS 2 BP 204 EP 210 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA CI9BD UT WOS:000355064500022 ER PT J AU Miaja-Avila, L O'Neil, GC Uhlig, J Cromer, CL Dowell, ML Jimenez, R Hoover, AS Silverman, KL Ullom, JN AF Miaja-Avila, L. O'Neil, G. C. Uhlig, J. Cromer, C. L. Dowell, M. L. Jimenez, R. Hoover, A. S. Silverman, K. L. Ullom, J. N. TI Laser plasma x-ray source for ultrafast time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy SO STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID FOCUSING OPTICS; PULSES; DIFFRACTION; GENERATION; TARGET; FERRIOXALATE; DRIVEN; YIELD; EXAFS AB We describe a laser-driven x-ray plasma source designed for ultrafast x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The source is comprised of a 1 kHz, 20 W, femtosecond pulsed infrared laser and a water target. We present the x-ray spectra as a function of laser energy and pulse duration. Additionally, we investigate the plasma temperature and photon flux as we vary the laser energy. We obtain a 75 mu m FWHM x-ray spot size, containing similar to 10(6) photons/s, by focusing the produced x-rays with a polycapillary optic. Since the acquisition of x-ray absorption spectra requires the averaging of measurements from >10(7) laser pulses, we also present data on the source stability, including single pulse measurements of the x-ray yield and the x-ray spectral shape. In single pulse measurements, the x-ray flux has a measured standard deviation of 8%, where the laser pointing is the main cause of variability. Further, we show that the variability in x-ray spectral shape from single pulses is low, thus justifying the combining of x-rays obtained from different laser pulses into a single spectrum. Finally, we show a static x-ray absorption spectrum of a ferrioxalate solution as detected by a microcalorimeter array. Altogether, our results demonstrate that this water-jet based plasma source is a suitable candidate for laboratory-based time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments. (C) 2015 Author(s). C1 [Miaja-Avila, L.; O'Neil, G. C.; Cromer, C. L.; Dowell, M. L.; Silverman, K. L.; Ullom, J. N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Uhlig, J.] Lund Univ, Dept Chem Phys, Lund, Sweden. [Jimenez, R.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hoover, A. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Miaja-Avila, L (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU NIST Innovations in Measurement Science Program; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation FX This work was supported by the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science Program. J. Uhlig gratefully acknowledges the continued funding from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2329-7778 J9 STRUCT DYNAM-US JI Struct. Dyn.-US PD MAR PY 2015 VL 2 IS 2 AR 024301 DI 10.1063/1.4913585 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CI8CC UT WOS:000354994100006 PM 26798792 ER PT J AU Brown, PJ Jullion, L Landschutzer, P Bakker, DCE Garabato, ACN Meredith, MP Torres-Valdes, S Watson, AJ Hoppema, M Loose, B Jones, E Telszewski, M Jones, SD Wanninkhof, R AF Brown, Peter J. Jullion, Loic Landschuetzer, Peter Bakker, Dorothee C. E. Garabato, Alberto C. Naveira Meredith, Michael P. Torres-Valdes, Sinhue Watson, Andrew J. Hoppema, Mario Loose, Brice Jones, ElizabethM. Telszewski, Maciej Jones, Steve D. Wanninkhof, Rik TI Carbon dynamics of the Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC BOTTOM WATER; WINTER MIXED LAYER; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON; CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; ORGANIC-CARBON; DEEP-WATER; SEA; SINK; DIOXIDE AB The accumulation of carbon within the Weddell Gyre and its exchanges across the gyre boundaries are investigated with three recent full-depth oceanographic sections enclosing this climatically important region. The combination of carbon measurements with ocean circulation transport estimates from a box inverse analysis reveals that deepwater transports associated with Warm Deep Water (WDW) and Weddell Sea Deep Water dominate the gyre's carbon budget, while a dual-cell vertical overturning circulation leads to both upwelling and the delivery of large quantities of carbon to the deep ocean. Historical sea surface pCO(2) observations, interpolated using a neural network technique, confirm the net summertime sink of 0.044 to 0.058 +/- 0.010 Pg C yr(-1) derived from the inversion. However, a wintertime outgassing signal similar in size results in a statistically insignificant annual air-to-sea CO2 flux of 0.002 +/- 0.007 Pg C yr(-1) (mean 1998-2011) to 0.012 +/- 0.024 Pg C yr(-1) (mean 2008-2010) to be diagnosed for the Weddell Gyre. A surface layer carbon balance, independently derived from in situ biogeochemical measurements, reveals that freshwater inputs and biological drawdown decrease surface ocean inorganic carbon levels more than they are increased by WDW entrainment, resulting in an estimated annual carbon sink of 0.033 +/- 0.021 Pg C yr(-1). Although relatively less efficient for carbon uptake than the global oceans, the summertime Weddell Gyre suppresses the winter outgassing signal, while its biological pump and deepwater formation act as key conduits for transporting natural and anthropogenic carbon to the deep ocean where they can reside for long time scales. C1 [Brown, Peter J.; Landschuetzer, Peter; Bakker, Dorothee C. E.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Ctr Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Brown, Peter J.; Meredith, Michael P.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Brown, Peter J.; Torres-Valdes, Sinhue] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. [Jullion, Loic; Garabato, Alberto C. Naveira] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. [Jullion, Loic] Aix Marseille Univ, Mediterranean Inst Oceanog, CNRS INSU, IRD,MIO,110, Marseille, France. [Landschuetzer, Peter] ETH, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Zurich, Switzerland. [Meredith, Michael P.] Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Oban, Argyll, Scotland. [Watson, Andrew J.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter, Devon, England. [Hoppema, Mario] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Loose, Brice] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Jones, ElizabethM.] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res NIOZ, Texel, Netherlands. [Jones, ElizabethM.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Energy & Environm Sci, Energy & Sustainabil Res Inst Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands. [Telszewski, Maciej] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Int Ocean Carbon Coordinat Project, Sopot, Poland. [Jones, Steve D.] Univ E Anglia, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Brown, PJ (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Ctr Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM brown.pj@gmail.com RI Bakker, Dorothee/E-4951-2015; Jullion, Loic/B-3304-2011; Torres Valdes, Sinhue/A-1435-2013; OI Bakker, Dorothee/0000-0001-9234-5337; Jullion, Loic/0000-0001-6269-6750; Torres Valdes, Sinhue/0000-0003-2749-4170; Jones, Steve/0000-0003-0522-9851; Brown, Peter/0000-0002-1152-1114; Hoppema, Mario/0000-0002-2326-619X FU International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project; Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study; Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research program; SOCAT; UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/E013368/1, NE/E013538/1]; European Union CarboOcean project [GOCE-511176-1]; European Union CarboChange project [FP7 264879] FX Hydrographic cruise data are available from the CLIVAR and Carbon Hydrographic Data Office (http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/). Neural network maps of pCO2 are available from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (http://cdiac.ornl.gov) [Landschutzer et al., 2014b]. The authors are grateful to all scientists and support staff involved in the collection and analysis of samples, both at sea and on shore, especially Kevin Speer, chief scientist of the I06S line occupied as part of the U.S. CLIVAR repeat hydrography program, and Sheldon Bacon, chief scientist of the first ANDREX cruise. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is an international effort, supported by the International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project, the Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study, and the Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research program, to deliver a uniformly quality-controlled surface ocean CO2 database. The many researchers and funding agencies responsible for the collection of data and quality control are thanked for their contributions to SOCAT. This work is a contribution of the Antarctic Deep Water Rates of Export (ANDREX) programme-funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council via awards NE/E013368/1 and NE/E013538/1-and the European Union CarboOcean (GOCE-511176-1) and CarboChange (FP7 264879) projects. NR 91 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAR PY 2015 VL 29 IS 3 BP 288 EP 306 DI 10.1002/2014GB005006 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH9UT UT WOS:000354382600002 ER PT J AU Grand, MM Measures, CI Hatta, M Hiscock, WT Landing, WM Morton, PL Buck, CS Barrett, PM Resing, JA AF Grand, Maxime M. Measures, Christopher I. Hatta, Mariko Hiscock, William T. Landing, William M. Morton, Peter L. Buck, Clifton S. Barrett, Pamela M. Resing, Joseph A. TI Dissolved Fe and Al in the upper 1000m of the eastern Indian Ocean: A high-resolution transect along 95 degrees E from the Antarctic margin to the Bay of Bengal SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ARABIAN SEA; IRON-FERTILIZATION; KERGUELEN PLATEAU; DRAKE PASSAGE; WATER MASSES; WORLD OCEAN; THERMOCLINE CIRCULATION AB A high-resolution section of dissolved iron (dFe) and aluminum (dAl) was obtained along similar to 95 degrees E in the upper 1000m of the eastern Indian Ocean from the Antarctic margin (66 degrees S) to the Bay of Bengal (18 degrees N) during the U.S. Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) CO2 Repeat Hydrography I08S and I09N sections (February-April 2007). In the Southern Ocean, low concentrations of dAl (<1 nM) reflect the negligible dust inputs impacting the water masses subducted in the circumpolar domain. The low dAl concentrations characterizing the Southern Ocean terminate near 45 degrees S, probably because of the advection of subtropical water masses that received dust and sedimentary inputs in their formation region. Our subsurface dFe data near the southern Kerguelen Plateau were significantly higher than historical observations in other Indian sectors of the Southern Ocean. We surmise that the offshore advection of dFe-rich waters along the western flank of the southern Kerguelen plateau and enhanced vertical mixing could contribute to this elevated subsurface dFe inventory. Elevated subsurface particulate and dFe levels downstream of the northern Kerguelen Plateaumay reflect long-range lateral transport from the plateau's sediments and/or remineralization inputs. At the northern edge of the south Indian subtropical gyre, the deposition of Australian dust, possibly combined with the advection of dAl-enriched waters from the Indonesian Throughflow, creates a region of elevated dAl in the upper 400m but without a corresponding enrichment in dFe. In the northern Indian Ocean, the South Equatorial Current constitutes a remarkable biogeochemical front separating the oxygen-rich and dFe-poor subtropical gyre waters from the dFe-rich and oxygen-depleted waters of the northern Indian Ocean. By tracing the accumulation of macronutrients and dFe along the advective pathway of Indian Central Water, we show that the central waters of the northern Indian Ocean receive excess dFe in addition to that produced by remineralization inputs. The resuspension of shelf sediments and release of pore waters probably contribute to the elevated dFe and dAl levels observed below the highly stratified upper layers of the Bay of Bengal. C1 [Grand, Maxime M.; Measures, Christopher I.; Hatta, Mariko] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hiscock, William T.] Thermo Fisher Sci, N Ryde, NSW, Australia. [Landing, William M.; Morton, Peter L.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Buck, Clifton S.] Univ Georgia, Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA USA. [Barrett, Pamela M.; Resing, Joseph A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Barrett, Pamela M.; Resing, Joseph A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Grand, MM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM maxime@hawaii.edu RI Buck, Clifton/F-5820-2010; OI Buck, Clifton/0000-0002-5691-9636; Grand, Maxime/0000-0001-9338-694X FU NSF [OCE-0649584, NSF-OCE-0649639, OCE-61-4962, 62-5889] FX All data used in this paper are publicly available on the CLIVAR & Carbon Hydrographic Data Office website (CCHDO) using ExpoCodes 33RR20070204 and 33RR20070322 for I08S and I09N, respectively (http://cchdo.ucsd.edu). We thank the captain and crew of the R/V Revelle, chief scientists Jim Swift (I08S) and Janet Sprintall (I09N) and Kati Gosnell for their tremendous help and support during the seagoing part of this project. Thanks are due to Francois Ascani for his assistance with the preparation of Figure 4, Yoshiki Sohrin for sharing the data of the GEOTRACES-Japan expedition and to A. Tagliabue, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments. This work was funded by NSF OCE-0649584 to C.I.M., NSF-OCE-0649639 to W.M.L., and NSF OCE-61-4962 and 62-5889 to J.A.R. This is SOEST publication 9280, PMEL publication 4141, and JISAO publication 2223. NR 113 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAR PY 2015 VL 29 IS 3 BP 375 EP 396 DI 10.1002/2014GB004920 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH9UT UT WOS:000354382600007 ER PT J AU Blount, B Jacob, S Weeks, P Jepson, M AF Blount, Benjamin Jacob, Steven Weeks, Priscilla Jepson, Michael TI Testing Cognitive Ethnography: Mixed-Methods in Developing Indicators of Well-Being in Fishing Communities SO HUMAN ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE cognitive ethnography; mixed-methods research; social indicators; well-being; Gulf Coast ID ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE; LIFE AB Research was initiated in 2008 with the objective of developing social indicators for well-being of fishing communities. Initial steps included development and testing indicators for the concepts of dependence, gentrification, vulnerability, and resiliency in relation to nine fishing communities on the Texas Gulf Coast. Procedurally, a mixed methods design was employed, using quantitative analyses of large secondary data sets to rank coastal communities based on socioeconomic measures, and independently employing qualitative approaches to provide rankings of the nine communities. The two qualitative approaches, an informed expert description of the communities, and cognitive-based interviews in the same communities each produced rankings almost identical with each other and with the quantitative rankings. Three types of analyses yielded similar results, indicating that cognitive ethnography can be a valuable tool in the description of community resilience, vulnerability, and well-being. C1 [Jacob, Steven] York Coll Penn, Sociol, York, PA USA. [Jacob, Steven] York Coll Penn, Ctr Community Engagement, York, PA USA. [Weeks, Priscilla] Houston Adv Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Jepson, Michael] NOAA, Fisheries Southeast Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL USA. FU NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service [NA08NMF427041] FX Benjamin Blount has been the owner of SocioEcological Informatics since 2008. His research focuses on the construction of cultural cognitive models among fishers on the South Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico coasts of the United States. Steve Jacob is a professor of sociology and co-director of the Center for Community Engagement at York College of Pennsylvania. His research interest includes fishing communities, social indicators, social impact assessment, and well-being. Priscilla Weeks is an environmental anthropologist and a senior research scientist at the Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC). She served on the Socioeconomics Scientific and Statistical Committee (SSC) of the Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council. Her current research is on catch and release of fish in Texas waters. Michael Jepson is an anthropologist and social scientist with NOAA Fisheries' Southeast Regional Office in St. Petersburg since 2009. His research has been on fishing communities in the South Atlantic and Gulf regions of the United States. Currently, he is a member of the Gulf Council's Socioeconomic Scientific and Statistical Committee. Research for the current paper was funded by NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service: Saltonstall-Kennedy Competitive Grant Program (NA08NMF427041). The award was to the Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Foundation, Inc., Tampa. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 11 PU SOC APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY PI OKLAHOMA CITY PA 3000 UNITED FOUNDERS BLVD, STE 148, OKLAHOMA CITY, OK 73112 USA SN 0018-7259 EI 1938-3525 J9 HUM ORGAN JI Hum. Organ. PD SPR PY 2015 VL 74 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Anthropology; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Anthropology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA CH5NU UT WOS:000354083400001 ER PT J AU Evans, W Hales, B Strutton, PG Shearman, RK Barth, JA AF Evans, Wiley Hales, Burke Strutton, Peter G. Shearman, R. Kipp Barth, John A. TI Failure to bloom: Intense upwelling results in negligible phytoplankton response and prolonged CO2 outgassing over the Oregon shelf SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE coastal upwelling; sea-air CO2 fluxes; outgassing; phytoplankton bloom; subduction; SST fronts ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; COASTAL OCEAN; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CURRENT SYSTEM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; BOUNDARY-LAYER; FLUXES; ZONE AB During summer, upwelled water with elevated CO2 partial pressure (pCO(2)) and nutrients outcrops over the Oregon (OR) inner shelf. As this water transits across the shelf, high rates of primary production fueled by the upwelled nutrients results in net atmospheric CO2 drawdown. Upwelled source-waters typically have pCO(2) approaching 1000 mu atm that is then reduced to approximate to 200 mu atm. For almost the entire month of July 2008, strong and persistent upwelling brought cold (approximate to 8 degrees C), saline (approximate to 33.5), high-pCO(2) (>600 mu atm) water to our midshelf buoy site, and high-pCO(2) water was broadly distributed over the shelf. Chlorophyll levels, as a proxy for phytoplankton biomass, were low (< 2 mg m(-3)) on the shelf during the period of most intense upwelling, and satellite data showed no evidence of a downstream phytoplankton bloom. A small chlorophyll increase to approximate to 4 mg m(-3) was observed at our buoy site following a decrease in the strength of southward wind stress 10 days after upwelling initiated. Chlorophyll levels further increased to approximate to 10 mg m(-3) only after a cease in upwelling. These higher levels were coincident with the appearance of water masses having temperature and salinity properties distinct from recently upwelled water. We suggest that rapid offshore transport and subsequent subduction before phytoplankton populations could respond is the most likely explanation for the persistent low chlorophyll and elevated surface-water pCO(2) throughout the July upwelling event. This mechanism likely dominates under conditions of strong and persistent upwelling-favorable winds that coincide with close proximity of low-density offshore waters, which may have implications for the biogeochemical functioning of this system under future climate scenarios. C1 [Evans, Wiley] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Evans, Wiley] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Ocean Acidificat Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Hales, Burke; Shearman, R. Kipp; Barth, John A.] Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR USA. [Strutton, Peter G.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas, Australia. RP Evans, W (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM wiley.evans@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0424602]; NOAA through NANOOS (Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems); Pacific Northwest Regional Association of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS); NSF [OCE-0527168, OCE-0961999, OCE-0752576] FX We thank Murray Levine, Craig Risien and Walt Waldorf for the NH-10 buoy platform and data, which is funded by the National Science Foundation through the cooperative agreement OCE-0424602 known as CMOP (Coastal Margin Observation and Prediction) and by NOAA through NANOOS (Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems), the Pacific Northwest Regional Association of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS). We also thank Patricia Wheeler for her valuable input that improved this manuscript. We also thank Bill Peterson for allowing our participation in the July 2008 cruise, and for sharing data with us from that cruise. We thank the officers and crew of the NOAA Ship McArthur II. Internet links to the various datasets used in this manuscript are provided in the methods section, and readers may find the pCO2 data in the Coastal Carbon Data archive at the Carbon Dioxide Information and Analysis Center (http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/coastal_carbon_data.html). The glider data collection and analyses were supported by NSF OCE-0527168 and OCE-0961999 to JAB and RKS. This work was supported by NSF Chemical Oceanography award OCE-0752576. NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR PY 2015 VL 120 IS 3 BP 1446 EP 1461 DI 10.1002/2014JC010580 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CH3BG UT WOS:000353900000002 ER PT J AU Jacox, MG Fiechter, J Moore, AM Edwards, CA AF Jacox, Michael G. Fiechter, Jerome Moore, Andrew M. Edwards, Christopher A. TI ENSO and the California Current coastal upwelling response SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE California Current; El Nino; La Nina; ENSO; upwelling; source waters ID 1997-98 EL-NINO; CURRENT SYSTEM; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; ANOMALIES; EVENTS; OREGON; ZOOPLANKTON; REANALYSIS; ECOSYSTEM AB A 31 year (1980-2010) sequence of historical analyses of the California Current System (CCS) is used to describe the central CCS (35-43N) coastal upwelling response to El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability. The analysis period captures 10 El Nino and 10 La Nina events, including the extreme El Ninos of 1982-1983 and 1997-1998. Data-assimilative model runs and backward trajectory calculations of passive tracers are used to elucidate physical conditions and source water characteristics during the upwelling season of each year. In general, El Nino events produce anomalously weak upwelling and source waters that are unusually shallow, warm, and fresh, while La Nina conditions produce the opposite. Maximum vertical transport anomalies in the CCS occur approximate to 1 month after El Nino peaks in midwinter, and before the onset of the upwelling season. Source density anomalies peak later than transport anomalies and persist more strongly through the spring and summer, causing the former to impact the upwelling season more directly. As nitrate concentration covaries with density in the central CCS, El Nino may exert more influence over the nitrate concentration of upwelled waters than it does over vertical transport, although both factors are expected to reduce nitrate supply during El Nino events. Interannual comparison of individual diagnostics highlights their relative impacts during different ENSO events, as well as years deviating from the canonical response to ENSO variability. The net impact of ENSO on upwelling is explored through an Upwelling Efficacy Index, which may be a useful indicator of bottom-up control on primary productivity. C1 [Jacox, Michael G.; Fiechter, Jerome] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Jacox, Michael G.] NOAA, Environm Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Monterey, CA USA. [Moore, Andrew M.; Edwards, Christopher A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Jacox, MG (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM mjacox@ucsc.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE 1061434] FX The model output used for analysis herein is available from http://oceanmodeling.ucsc.edu. We are grateful for the support of the National Science Foundation (OCE 1061434). We also thank two reviewers for comments that helped improve the manuscript. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR PY 2015 VL 120 IS 3 BP 1691 EP 1702 DI 10.1002/2014JC010650 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CH3BG UT WOS:000353900000013 ER EF